Learning Processing: A Beginner's Guide to Programming Images ...

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Line 9 fi g. 2.6 Processing is case sensitive! Error message Line 9 highlighted If you type Ellipse instead of ellipse , that will also be considered an error. Processing 23 Error message again! In this instance, there was only one error. If multiple errors occur, Processing will only alert you to the fi rst one it fi nds (and presumably, once that error is corrected, the next error will be displayed at run time). Th is is somewhat of an unfortunate limitation, as it is often useful to have access to an entire list of errors when fi xing a program. Th is is simply one of the trade-off s we get in a simplifi ed environment such as Processing. Our life is made simpler by only having to look at one error at a time, nevertheless we do not have access to a complete list. Th is fact only further emphasizes the importance of incremental development discussed in the book’s introduction. If we only implement one feature at a time, we can only make one mistake at a time. Exercise 2-5: Try to make some errors happen on purpose. Are the error messages what you expect?
24 Learning Processing 2.7 Exercise 2-6: Fix the errors in the following code. size(200,200); _______________________________________ background(); _______________________________________ stroke 255; ______________________________________ _ fill(150) ______________________________ _________ rectMode(center); _______________________________________ rect(100,100,50); _______________________________________ The Processing Reference Th e functions we have demonstrated— ellipse( ), line( ), stroke( ) , and so on—are all part of Processing’s library. How do we know that “ ellipse ” isn’t spelled “ elipse ” , or that rect( ) takes four arguments (an “ x coordinate, ” a “ y coordinate, ” a “ width, ” and a “ height ” )? A lot of these details are intuitive, and this speaks to the strength of Processing as a beginner’s programming language. Nevertheless, the only way to know for sure is by reading the online reference. While we will cover many of the elements from the reference throughout this book, it is by no means a substitute for the reference and both will be required for you to learn Processing . Th e reference for Processing can be found online at the offi cial web site ( http://www.processing.org ) under the “ reference ” link. Th ere, you can browse all of the available functions by category or alphabetically. If you were to visit the page for rect( ) , for example, you would fi nd the explanation shown in Figure 2.7 . As you can see, the reference page off ers full documentation for the function rect( ) , including: • Name —The name of the function. • Examples —Example code (and visual result, if applicable). • Description —A friendly description of what the function does. • Syntax —Exact syntax of how to write the function. • Parameters —These are the elements that go inside the parentheses. It tells you what kind of data you put in (a number, character, etc.) and what that element stands for. (This will become clearer as we explore more in future chapters.) These are also sometimes referred to as “ arguments. ” • Returns —Sometimes a function sends something back to you when you call it (e.g., instead of asking a function to perform a task such as draw a circle, you could ask a function to add two numbers and return the answer to you). Again, this will become more clear later. • Usage —Certain functions will be available for Processing applets that you publish online ( “ Web ” ) and some will only be available as you run Processing locally on your machine ( “ Application ” ). • Related Methods —A list of functions often called in connection with the current function. Note that “ functions ” in Java are often referred to as “ methods. ” More on this in Chapter 6.
Page 2 and 3: Learning Processing A Beginner’s
Page 4 and 5: Learning Processing A Beginner’s
Page 6 and 7: Contents Acknowledgments vii Introd
Page 8 and 9: Acknowledgments In the fall of 2001
Page 10 and 11: Introduction What is this book? Th
Page 12 and 13: Introduction xi While both of these
Page 14 and 15: Introduction xiii Th e book is desi
Page 16 and 17: Introduction xv Th is book’s web
Page 18 and 19: Introductory Exercise: Write instru
Page 20 and 21: Lesson One The Beginning 1 Pixels 2
Page 22 and 23: 1 Pixels “ A journey of a thousan
Page 24 and 25: 1.2 Simple Shapes Pixels 5 Th e vas
Page 26 and 27: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 fi g. 1.9 top l
Page 28 and 29: 1.3 Pixels 9 Exercise 1-3: Reverse
Page 30 and 31: Example 1-2: noFill ( ) background(
Page 32 and 33: fi g. 1.19 Pixels 13 Exercise 1-5:
Page 34 and 35: colorMode(RGB,100); Pixels 15 Th e
Page 36 and 37: 2 2.1 Processing “ Computers in t
Page 38 and 39: fi g. 2.2 Once you have opened the
Page 40 and 41: Let’s write a fi rst example ( se
Page 44 and 45: fi g. 2.7 Processing 25 Processing
Page 46 and 47: Example 2-1: Zoog again size(200,20
Page 48 and 49: Processing 29 To see the applet wor
Page 50 and 51: 3 3.1 Interaction “ Always rememb
Page 52 and 53: Let’s look at what will surely be
Page 54 and 55: 3.3 Variation with the Mouse Intera
Page 56 and 57: Draw Zoog's eyes fill(0); ellipse(8
Page 58 and 59: 3.4 Mouse Clicks and Key Presses In
Page 60 and 61: Draw Zoog's eyes fill(mo useX,0,mou
Page 62 and 63: Lesson Two Everything You Need to K
Page 64 and 65: 4 4.1 Variables “ All of the book
Page 66 and 67: 4.2 Variable Declaration and Initia
Page 68 and 69: A variable can also be initialized
Page 70 and 71: x = 5; x = a + b; x = y - 10 * 20;
Page 72 and 73: void draw() { // Draw the backgroun
Page 74 and 75: 4.6 Random: Variety is the spice of
Page 76 and 77: 4.7 Example 4-7: Filling variables
Page 78 and 79: 5 5.1 Conditionals Conditionals 59
Page 80 and 81: Finally, for testing multiple condi
Page 82 and 83: Conditionals 63 It is worth pointin
Page 84 and 85: Conditionals 65 Getting into the ha
Page 86 and 87: Our fi rst instinct might be to wri
Page 88 and 89: 5.5 Multiple Rollovers Conditionals
Page 90 and 91: Conditionals 71 We can then check t
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5.7 Conditionals 73 Exercise 5-8: E
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Reversing the Polarity of a Number
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One way to solve this problem is to
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Display the square fill(0); noStrok
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6 Loops “ Repetition is the reali
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Loops 83 (see Chapter 5). However,
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while (y < 100) { // Loop! } 3. Wha
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while (x < = endLegs) { line(x,y,x,
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Th e same exact loop can be program
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Loops 91 Th is was a nice simplifi
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6.6 Loop Inside the Main Loop Loops
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6.7 float distance = abs(mouseX - i
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Draw Zoog's legs stroke(0); line(x-
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Lesson Three Organization 7 Functio
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7 7.1 Functions “ When it’s all
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7.2 “ User Defi ned ” Functions
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Example 5-6: Bouncing ball // Decla
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7.5 Functions 107 Exercise 7-3: Tak
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Functions 109 It should be fairly a
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int globalX = 0; int globalY = 100;
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void setup() { println( "a"); funct
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If we did not include a return stat
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7.8 Zoog Reorganization Zoog is now
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void draw() { } background(0); // D
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8 8.1 Objects “ No object is so b
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Setup: Draw: Initialize car color.
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Objects 125 • The Class Name—Th
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Objects 127 One other thing; with t
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fi g. 8.1 fi g. 8.2 fi g. 8.4 fi g.
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Objects 131 Nevertheless, this is q
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void draw() { } background(100); ba
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Objects 135 modular, reusable packa
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Lesson Three Project Step 1. Take y
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Lesson Four More of the Same 9 Arra
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9 Arrays “ I might repeat to myse
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Car myCar80 Car myCar81 Car myCar82
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9.3 Declaring and Creating an Array
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9.4 Initializing an Array One way t
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Example 9-5: Using a for loop to in
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Arrays 151 Now comes the hard part.
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9.7 Arrays 153 Exercise 9-7: Rewrit
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9.8 Interactive Objects Arrays 155
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Check if point is inside of Stripe
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alls[i].gravity(); balls[i].move();
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Draw Zoog's arms with a for loop fo
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Lesson Five Putting It All Together
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10 10.1 Algorithms “ Lather. Rins
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Translating the preceding algorithm
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void draw() { background(255); stro
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Example 10-2: Bouncing ball class c
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Now that the function is complete,
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10.6 // Constructor Ball(float temp
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Algorithms 177 With the above logic
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Drop() { r = 8; // All raindrops ar
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Example 10-7: Drops one at a time /
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Algorithms 183 Notice how every sin
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oolean intersecting = ball1.interse
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} void setLocation(float tempX, flo
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Algorithms 189 It is important to r
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11 Debugging “ Th e diff erence b
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Debugging 193 Once all the code is
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12 Libraries “ If truth is beauty
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or /Applications/Processing 0135/ c
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Lesson Six The World Revolves Aroun
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13 Mathematics Mathematics 201 “
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Mathematics 203 Th erefore, modulo
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Th e probability of a coin fl ippin
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13.6 Perlin Noise Mathematics 207 O
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Mathematics 209 How quickly we incr
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It is fairly intuitive for us to th
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fi g. 13.9 y-axis sine(theta) � y
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Example 13-6: Oscillation float the
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Mathematics 217 In 1975, Benoit Man
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Mathematics 219 said about recursio
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Mathematics 221 A two-dimensional a
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Example 13-10: Two-dimensional arra
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} void display() { } // FILL IN Mat
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14 14.1 Translation and Rotation (i
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Our fi rst instinct might be to add
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Example 14-3: A rectangle moving al
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When using the OPENGL mode, you mus
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Translation and Rotation (in 3D!) 2
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14.5 fill(150,150); vertex(-t, t,-t
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14.6 Example 14-5: Rectangle rotati
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fill(0,100); // Note the use of pus
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14.9 Example 14-17: Nested push and
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stroke(0); fill(175); ellipse(0,0,d
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Lesson Seven Pixels Under a Microsc
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15 Images Images 255 “ Politics w
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And yet: PImage img = loadImage( "f
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15.3 My Very First Image Processing
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Images 261 Even better, if we just
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Images 263 // Create a grayscale co
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Images 265 15.6 Intro to Image Proc
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Images 267 Since we are altering th
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15.9 More on fi lter( ): fi lter(mo
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Images 271 Example 15-13 performs a
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Example 15-14: “ Pointillism ”
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16 16.1 Video “ I have no memory.
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Video 277 Th e above line of code i
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void draw() { // Check to see if a
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16.3 Recorded Video Video 281 Displ
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16.4 Video 283 Exercise 16-3: Using
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Video 285 For every square at colum
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} } // Each rect is colored white w
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16.5 Video as Sensor, Computer Visi
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Now, we are ready to compare the co
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16.6 Video 293 Exercise 16-5: Take
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void setup() { size(320,240); video
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Example 16-13: Simple motion detect
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16.8 // Step 4, compare colors (pre
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Lesson Seven Project Develop a soft
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Lesson Eight The Outside World 17 T
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17 17.1 Text “ I could entertain
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Exercise 17-2: Loop through and pri
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17.3 Displaying Text Text 309 We wi
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println(PFont.list()); For demonstr
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X = �50 fi g. 17.4 float w = text
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Example 17-4: Text mirror import pr
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textFont(f); // Set the font transl
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Exercise 17-9: Using textWidth( ) ,
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Example 17-7: Boxes along a curve P
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Text 323 Exercise 17-10: Create a s
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18 Data Input “ A million monkeys
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Example 18-1: User input PFont f; /
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Data Input 329 Th e reverse of spli
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Example 18-2: Graphing comma separa
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Data Input 333 Th e rollover( ) fun
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18.4 diameter = diameter_; } // Tru
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} // Find the index of the end tag
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void mousePressed() { // Increment
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18.6 for (int i = 0; i < kinglear.l
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Create and make an asynchronous req
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� student � � id � 002 �
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Requests for XML data are made via
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18.8 Using the Processing XML Libra
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XMLElement diameterElement = childr
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Example 18-10: A Yahoo search impor
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However, if you request a URL on a
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19 19.1 Data Streams “ I’m mad
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import processing.net.* ; Server se
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Data Streams 361 Once the server is
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19.4 void draw() { background(255);
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Data Streams 365 must be networked
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Data Streams 367 will send X , Y co
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Data Streams 369 Here is the full S
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Here is the entire client sketch: 1
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Data Streams 373 Serial communicati
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Data Streams 375 of information, ca
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Corresponding Arduino code: int sen
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Lesson Nine Making Noise 20 Sound 2
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20 Sound “ Check. Check. Check 1.
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void setup() { Sonia.start(this); }
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void mousePressed() { // If the use
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Sound 387 check and see if a sound
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Is a point inside the doorbell (use
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Pressing the mouse stops and starts
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20.6 void draw() { background(255,1
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In code, this translates to: // If
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21 Exporting “ Wait a minute. I t
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Th is code can be inserted anywhere
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void setup() { size(400, 400); begi
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Exporting 403 save( ) takes one arg
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Exporting 405 Example 21-5 records
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Lesson Ten Beyond Processing 22 Adv
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22 Advanced Object-Oriented Program
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class Point { float x,y; Point(floa
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Advanced Object-Oriented Programmin
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Advanced Object-Oriented Programmin
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class Circle extends Shape { // inh
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for (int i = 0; i < dogs.length; i
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22.5 Example 22-2: Polymorphism //
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23 23.1 Java “ I l o ve c off ee,
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Java 425 instead of Processing , sp
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fi g. 23.2 Java 427 Just as with th
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Particle p = parray[i]; p.run(); p.
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Hint: Add a function that returns a
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Example 23-4: Super fancy ArrayList
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Java 435 It is sad when these error
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Th e tutorials will cover the same
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Appendix: Common Errors Appendix 43
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Error: No accessible fi eld named
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void draw() { thing.display(); } Co
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Error: Perhaps you wanted the overl
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Index AIFF (Audio Interchange File
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Fill( ) function 10 , 11 , 256 , 30
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One-dimensional Perlin noise 208 OP
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solar system, processing 247-9 vert
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