Photochemistry and Photophysics of Coordination Compounds

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Photochemistry and Photophysics of Coordination Compounds: Copper 109 Fig. 38 The red-emitting complex [Cu(BTA)(hfac)] with BTA = bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene and hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexa-fluoroacetyl-acetonate phosphorescence) [169], mononuclear and dinuclear azaindole-containing systems (blue LC) [170, 171], heteroleptic diphosphine/diisocyanide ligands (blue MLCT) [172], pyrazolylborates (blue LC phosphorescence) [173]. 6 Conclusions and Perspectives In recent years, the rationalization of the electronic and photophysical properties of Cu(I) compounds has made considerable progress, in parallel with a significant implementation of synthetic protocols to prepare both simple and complex Cu(I)-based structures with satisfactory yields. Now we know key design principles that allow one to make highly luminescent Cu(I) compounds and supramolecular architectures with programmable cascades of photoinduced processes. Such trends have taken Cu(I) complexes among the key players in the realm of photoactive complexes, where other metals such as Ru(II) and, more recently Ir(III) have traditionally played a prominent role. The relentless quest for luminescent metal compounds to be utilized in a variety of applications can find interesting answers among some classes of Cu(I) complexes, as pointed out in this review article. Obviously, the need for abundant, cheap, and environmentally friendly smart materials makes copper compounds an attractive alternative to more traditional choices based on precious metals. The current trends in literature and patenting [174] indeed suggest that Cu(I) complexes are attracting increasing attention for technological applications (e.g. OLEDs) and, although we are still at the level of prototypes and proofs of principles, further important breakthroughs may be anticipated in the years to come.
110 N. Armaroli et al. Acknowledgements We thank the CNR (Progetto “Sistemi nanoorganizzati con proprietà elettroniche, fotoniche e magnetiche, commessa PM.P04.010 (MACOL)”) and the EC through the Integrated Project OLLA (contract no. IST-2002-004607) for financial support. Over the years we worked on several collaborative projects related to Cu(I) complexes and, in this regard, we wish to thank Jean-François Nierengarten (Toulouse, France), Jean-Pierre Sauvage (Strasbourg, France) and Michael Schmittel (Siegen, Germany) along with many other colleagues from their research groups, whose names are cited in the references. References 1. US Geological Survey (2006) Mineral Commodity Summaries http://minerals.er.usgs. gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/copper/, last visited: January 2006 2. Gordon RB, Bertram M, Graedel TE (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:1209–1214 3. Horvath O (1994) Coord Chem Rev 135:303–324 4. Sykora J (1997) Coord Chem Rev 159:95–108 5. Jørgensen CK (1963) Adv Chem Phys 5:33–146 6. Juris A, Balzani V, Barigelletti F, Campagna S, Belser P, von Zelewsky A (1988) Coord Chem Rev 84:85–277 7. Lowry MS, Bernhard S (2006) Chem Eur J 12:7970–7977 8. Balzani V, Juris A, Venturi M, Campagna S, Serroni S (1996) Chem Rev 96:759–833 9. Roundhill DM (1994) Photochemistry and Photophysics of Metal Complexes. Plenum Press, NY 10. Bignozzi CA, Argazzi R, Kleverlaan CJ (2000) Chem Soc Rev 29:87–96 11. Balzani V, Ceroni P, Juris A, Venturi M, Campagna S, Puntoriero F, Serroni S (2001) Coord Chem Rev 219:545–572 12. Grätzel M (2005) Inorg Chem 44:6841–6851 13. Vos JG, Kelly JM (2006) Dalton Trans pp 4869–4883 14. Kober EM, Caspar JV, Lumpkin RS, Meyer TJ (1986) J Phys Chem 90:3722–3734 15. Armaroli N (2001) Chem Soc Rev 30:113–124 16. Maestri M, Armaroli N, Balzani V, Constable EC, Thompson A (1995) Inorg Chem 34:2759–2767 17. Lippard SJ, Berg JM (1994) Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry. University Science Books, Mill Valley, California 18. Holm RH, Kennepohl P, Solomon EI (1996) Chem Rev 96:2239–2314 19. Colman PM, Freeman HC, Guss JM, Murata M, Norris VA, Ramshaw JAM, Venkatappa MP (1978) Nature 272:319–324 20. Solomon EI (2006) Inorg Chem 45:8012–8025 21. Gewirth AA, Solomon EI (1988) J Am Chem Soc 110:3811–3819 22. Marcus RA, Sutin N (1985) Biochim Biophys Acta 811:265–322 23. Babcock GT, Wikstrom M (1992) Nature 356:301–309 24. Gamelin DR, Randall DW, Hay MT, Houser RP, Mulder TC, Canters GW, de Vries S, Tolman WB, Lu Y, Solomon EI (1998) J Am Chem Soc 120:5246–5263 25. Armaroli N (2003) Photochem Photobiol Sci 2:73–87 26. Schmittel M, Kalsani V (2005) Top Curr Chem 245:1–53 27. Sammes PG, Yahioglu G (1994) Chem Soc Rev 23:327–334 28. Cunningham CT, Moore JJ, Cunningham KLH, Fanwick PE, McMillin DR (2000) Inorg Chem 39:3638–3644
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X Preface nation Compounds. The ven
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Subject Index Alkyne bridges 148 An
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