Activation of new aaa units - Air Defense Artillery

9.fS
with almost equal thoroughness. T ruc, the
Spanish archives were not opened to him,
and Suner's own apologia has appeared too
recently to have been included. But on the
Axis side he has been permitted to use,
though apparently not to quote, the entire
mass of material that has come into our
hands from German and Italian archives,
while the American angle is known to him
at first hand through his position in the
Iberian Peninsula Operating Committee
(lPOC) set up in March 1942 to manage
the economic relations that played a decisive
role in both British and American
strategic diplomacy in Madrid.
His account does not materially change
the general picture we have been able to
piece together from the testimonies of
Hoare and Hayes and the fragmentary collections
of documents published by the
State Department and the Russians. But
the wealth of information which he has
been able to use clothes that skeleton with
such an abundance of flesh that these
well known issues and personalities assume
a wholly fresh outlook. Thus we
learn for the first time the full story of
Franco's early aspirations toward French
i\lorocco of June-July 1940; his offers of
cooperation to Hitler; the background and
the details of Serrano Suner's visit to Berlin
and Rome in September and the bitterness
of the contrasts which had begun to
emerge. Seen against this background the
failure of Hitler's and Franco's famous
meeting at Hendaye becomes far more
understandable. The gist of what had happened
there had already been revealed by
Professor Langer in Vichy Gamble. But
~Ir.Feis rounds out the picture while his
discussion of the failure to uncover the
authentic text of the protocol then signed
and his outline of its probable contents
clears up a puzzling problem.
Equally enlightening are his revelations
as to Suner's subsequent visit to Hitler,
the signing of the Tripartite Protocol-
~nd on the other hand the ingenious evas-
IOnsby which both Franco and Suner suc-
C,ceded in concealing these definite obligatIOnsfrom
the American and British governments
and inducing them to grant a
measure of economic relief-which even
~ ~Ir. Feis considers justified. The difker,~ces
between American reluctance and
ntlSh insistence are among the most in-
:er~ting insights into the Inter-Allied
rflSJons "
that have come to light. They
?rm an amusing contrast with the parallel
Sltua tlon ' in Vichy, where the roles were
exactly the opposite.
, From the spring of 1941 onward the
Interest shifts to the Allied side of the
l:;' and then to the hitherto largely unf
has Wn Washington end. \Vhat ~Ir. Feis
to tell of the struggle between differen~
groups in \Vashington, notably Hull
an ~Iorgenthau, and about the setting
~p of his own committee, and the expan-
~n i~ the use of economic means it sup-
~ cd IS absorbing. 50 are the sidelights
,nOt Without malice) which he throws
~n Sir Samuel Hoare and Ambassador
ayes. But his zeal in cleaning up the
BOOK REVIEWS
complex rumble of the wolfram crisi.; definitely
outruns the interest of the average
leader. The only new impression c;:ained
from it is that of the "mazing duplicity of
the Franco Government even at this stage
of the game, where even the most solid
promises to the Allies of an embargo were
circumvented by one of the highest government
officials of ':lpain, who arranged
fraudulent shipments across the French
border.-HERBERT ROSINSKI.
No Contribution
A RUSSIAN JOURNAL. By John Steinbeck;
with pictures by Robert Capa.
The Viking Press. 220 Pages; Illus.
trated; $3.75.
A Russian Journal h precisely that. It is
an account of a junket around such parts
of the USSR as they were able to hit by
one of America's foremost writers and one
of her best photographers. The result is
somewhat disappointing.
Mr. Steinbeck has done an excellent
job of writing and reporting. He has set
down fairly and honestly what he saw,
what he heard, what his impressions of
places and people were, and he has done
,it with a great deal of wit and charm.
Through his eyes one sees a courageous
people who desperately want to rebuild
their country, live out their lives in peace.
One sees Russia as 'I country mor~ vast
and more complex th,n our own, a country
mellow with age and at the same time
raw and new.
\Vhy then, in spite of its charm, is the
book disappointing? It is superficial, though
you understand that it is going to be so
before you are halfway through page I. It
contributes so pitifully little to our understanding
of the problems of making peace
with Russia and ou;- solution of them.
Russians are nice people, and Americans
are nice people; we knew all that before
and Mr. Steinbeck confirms our knowledge.
But neither the knowledge nor the
confirmation brings us any nearer to the
understanding we so desperately want.
One puts down the book with the feeling
that Mr. Steinbeck and Mr. Capa might
as well have stayed home.-O. C. S.
Facts, Figures and No Criticism
THE AAF AGAINST JAPAN. By Vern
Haugland. Harper & Brothers. 515
Pages; Illustrated; Index; $5.00.
This book is published under the auspices
of The National Air Council, a successor
to the Air Power League and other
associations, which is sponsoring a series
of books dealing with World \Var II
aviation. (De Chant's DevilbiTds on ~Iarine
aviation is one of the series.) According
to the author most of his material
comes from the files of the AAF or from
interviews with principal officers. This
sponsorship and assistance is evident in the
text. Obviously, this is the AAF's conception
of the war-yet this same feature gives
an authentic ring to the book's facts and
figures.
PSYCHOLOGICAL
WARFARE
By PAUL M. A. LINEBARGER
75
Propaganda is something you
inhale with every breath, read in
every paper, hear on every radio.
Whether you like it or not, you
must be equipped to deal with it,
understand it, recognize it-fight
it, sometimes.
PSYCHOLOGICAL W AR-
FARE is a handbook that coveri
exactly those subjects. It's a history
of psychological war as it has
been waged in the past-and an
introduction to propaganda analysis
which every citizen-and most
of all every soldier-needs.
'Psychological war is never declared.
\XIe're up to our necks in
it right now-and we'll lose the
war unless we understand what
we're doing. You can find out how
to recognize propaganda, how to
use it, how to fight it from PSy-
CHOLOGICAL WrARF ARE.
$3.50
Order from
Coast Artillery. Journal
631 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington 4, D. C.