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Originality Chapter 1 - Introduction Investigations into other rehabilitative therapies for ET are warranted, due to limitations associated with current available options. RT may potentially be such an option, however only one study has examined the effect of a task specific RT programme on ET (Bilodeau et al., 2000). Following a four week period of RT, the authors reported significant improvements in muscle force steadiness. This improvement however, did not translate to improved functionality. A six week, general RT study created by Keogh, et al. (2007) showed significant reductions in postural tremor amplitude and tri-digit force variability in neurologically normal older adults (J.W.L Keogh, et al., 2007; J W. L. Keogh, et al., 2010). Utilising the RT programme described by Keogh, et al. (2007), this pilot study was the first to assess what potential a general RT programme may have on ET. 5
Chapter 2 - Literature Review Chapter 2 – Literature Review In certain populations the ability to control motor functions is impaired which may result in reductions in physical function and QoL. This literature review examines such a movement disorder, specifically that of ET and its impact, pathology and available rehabilitative options. Tremor Tremor has been defined in the Movement Disorder Society’s consensus statement as the “rhythmical involuntary oscillation of a body part” (Deuschl, Bain, & Brin, 1998, p. 1). In the healthy adult population, involuntary tremor may be evident when performing fine motor tasks. Incidence of this tremor, often described as physiological tremor, becomes more prevalent in later life (R. Elble, 2009). Tremor may also be symptomatic of pathology, such as the tremor seen in ET. As is the case with ET, the pathophysiology of the condition and the resulting tremor are not well understood and are under investigation (Lorenz & Deuschl, 2007). Pathological tremor may be categorised according to its occurrence, with common descriptions being postural, resting, kinetic, and intention tremor (Deuschl, et al., 1998). Further to this, tremor may be triggered or enhanced by environmental factors such as a stressful environment or social phobia (Louis, 2010a; Lundervold, Pahwa, & Lyons, 2009; Lundervold & Poppen, 2004b). 6
Page 1 and 2: Can resistance training improve han
Page 3 and 4: unrelated hospitalisation. Each par
Page 5 and 6: Statement of Originality I hereby d
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Abstract ........
Page 9 and 10: Figures Figure 1: Rationale for RT
Page 11 and 12: Tables Table 1: Review of training
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Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 - Literature Review diffi
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 - Literature Review Gait
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Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 - Literature Review Louis
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Page 35 and 36: Chapter 2 - Literature Review RT co
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Page 39 and 40: Condition/Tool Symptoms/Adaptations
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 2 - Literature Review Korna
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3 - Methods Participants Ch
Page 45 and 46: Study Protocol 1 Week Figure 2: Stu
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3: Dumbbell elbow flexion Fi
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Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3 - Methods Takata, et al.,
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Page 57 and 58: Table 2: Participant demographics P
Page 59 and 60: Strength - 5RM Assessment Chapter 4
Page 61 and 62: Wrist flexion Chapter 4 - Results F
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SF-36 (change score percentage) 80
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Physical and Psychosocial Chapter 4
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Work and Finance Chapter 4 - Result
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Chapter 5 - Discussion Often decrea
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Chapter 5 - Discussion reduce postu
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Chapter 5 - Discussion Significant
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Chapter 5 - Discussion than that us
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Chapter 6 - Study Limitations & Fut
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References References Adam, A., de
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References Cochrane, T., Munro, J.,
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References Elble, R. J., Pullman, S
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References Hirsch, M. A., Toole, T.
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References Lafayette Instrument Com
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References Lundervold, D. A., Belwo
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References International Journal of
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References tremor. Parkinsonism & R
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References Traub, R. E., Gerbin, M.
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Appendices Appendix A - Abbreviatio
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Appendix B 92
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5RM - Wrist Flexion Most Affected L
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Hand and Finger dexterity PPT - Mos
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Quality of life - SF-36 SF36 - Gene
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SF36 - Role Emotional (%) Figure 30
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Quality of Life - QUEST Figure 34:
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QUEST - Work/Finance (%) 100.00 90.
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