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Thesis Organisation The thesis is organised into seven chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction. Chapter 2 is a review of the literature initially providing a brief background into tremor in general followed by a comprehensive examination of ET. Areas such as characteristics, pathology and rehabilitative options available to ET are described based on key empirical evidence. Chapter 3 describes the study method including design, participants, assessment measures, and training intervention. The results are presented in Chapter 4 followed by a discussion of the results in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 identifies possible limitations of the study and future directions for further research followed by a conclusion in Chapter 7. List of Publications Sequeira, G., Keogh, J. W., & Kavanagh, J. J. (2012). Can resistance training improve fine manual dexterity in Essential Tremor patients? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93: 1466-8. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2012.02.003 v
Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements ............................................................................. iii Statement of Originality ...................................................................... iv Thesis Organisation .............................................................................. v List of Publications ................................................................................ v Chapter 1 - Introduction .......................................................................... 1 Purpose & Hypotheses ...................................................................... 4 Originality .......................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2 - Literature Review .................................................................. 6 Tremor .............................................................................................. 6 Essential Tremor ............................................................................... 7 Epidemiology ................................................................................. 7 Characteristics/Symptoms of ET .................................................... 7 Pathophysiology of ET ....................................................................... 9 Pathophysiology - Neural dysfunction ............................................. 10 Central pathology ........................................................................ 10 Peripheral pathology ................................................................... 13 Pathophysiology - Neurodegeneration ............................................ 16 Purkinje cells ................................................................................ 17 Basket cells .................................................................................. 19 Lewy bodies ................................................................................. 19 Medical treatments ......................................................................... 20 Other treatments ............................................................................ 21 Bio-behavioural Training .............................................................. 21 Alcohol ......................................................................................... 23 Resistance training ....................................................................... 23 Conclusions ..................................................................................... 31 Chapter 3 - Methods .............................................................................. 32 Participants ..................................................................................... 32 Experimental design ........................................................................ 32 Study Protocol ................................................................................. 34 Ethics ............................................................................................... 35 Resistance training intervention...................................................... 35 Assessment measures ..................................................................... 37 Strength .......................................................................................... 37 5RM ............................................................................................. 37 vi
Page 1 and 2: Can resistance training improve han
Page 3 and 4: unrelated hospitalisation. Each par
Page 5: Statement of Originality I hereby d
Page 9 and 10: Figures Figure 1: Rationale for RT
Page 11 and 12: Tables Table 1: Review of training
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 - Introduction ET is typi
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 - Introduction number of
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 2 - Literature Review Chapt
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2 - Literature Review 2010)
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 - Literature Review diffi
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 - Literature Review Gait
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2 - Literature Review inste
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2 - Literature Review entra
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2 - Literature Review With
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 - Literature Review Louis
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 - Literature Review teach
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 2 - Literature Review RT co
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2 - Literature Review inclu
Page 39 and 40: Condition/Tool Symptoms/Adaptations
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 2 - Literature Review Korna
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3 - Methods Participants Ch
Page 45 and 46: Study Protocol 1 Week Figure 2: Stu
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3: Dumbbell elbow flexion Fi
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 3 - Methods correlation coe
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 3 - Methods Figure 6: PPT i
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3 - Methods Takata, et al.,
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 3 - Methods Additionally, t
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Table 2: Participant demographics P
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Strength - 5RM Assessment Chapter 4
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Wrist flexion Chapter 4 - Results F
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Hand and finger dexterity - Purdue
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Chapter 4 - Results Following the s
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SF-36 (change score percentage) 80
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Physical and Psychosocial Chapter 4
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Work and Finance Chapter 4 - Result
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Chapter 5 - Discussion Often decrea
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Chapter 5 - Discussion reduce postu
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Chapter 5 - Discussion Significant
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Chapter 5 - Discussion than that us
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Chapter 6 - Study Limitations & Fut
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References References Adam, A., de
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References Cochrane, T., Munro, J.,
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References Elble, R. J., Pullman, S
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References Hirsch, M. A., Toole, T.
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References Lafayette Instrument Com
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References Lundervold, D. A., Belwo
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References International Journal of
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References tremor. Parkinsonism & R
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References Traub, R. E., Gerbin, M.
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Appendices Appendix A - Abbreviatio
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Appendix B 92
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5RM - Wrist Flexion Most Affected L
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Hand and Finger dexterity PPT - Mos
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Quality of life - SF-36 SF36 - Gene
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SF36 - Role Emotional (%) Figure 30
Page 113 and 114:
Quality of Life - QUEST Figure 34:
Page 115:
QUEST - Work/Finance (%) 100.00 90.
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