The Effects of Commercial Electronic Variable Message Signs ...

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Method Ref. # Advantages Disadvantages 3.6.2 Fuel station, nearby mall interviews 4.0 Safety Surrogate: Laboratory 4.1 Driving simulator 4.1.1 Participant: selected, sampled 4.1.2 Experimenter: remotely present, unobtrusive observation 4.1.3 Stimuli: simulated, artificial; consistent, controlled 4.1.4 Responses: programmed crash precursors; antecedent participant and vehicle behaviors; can have more frequent events 4.1.5 Scenario: contrived route, artificial; unnatural vehicle and environment; safe from harm 36 4.2 Non-simulator laboratory 75 4.2.1 Pre-crash scenarios: movies, pictures, acting out 4.2.2 Pre-crash reconstructions: questionnaires, focus groups 161, 4, 70, 82 161, 4, 70, 82 161, 4, 70, 82 10, 82, 4 161, 4, 70, 82 5.0 Social Survey 14, 125 Relatively easy; less resources. 58 Artificial, out-of-context testing environment. Know participant sample. Possible sampling bias. More experimenter control. Possible artificial participant behaviors. Extremely repeatable stimulus conditions. Some control over nearcrashes; can program more frequent near-crash opportunities. Control over driving scenario; participant safe from harm. 160, 36 Relatively easy; less resources. 36 Relatively easy; focus groups more expensive. 5.1 Telephone survey Less resources; personal interviewer; more flexible. Artificial stimuli; hard to simulate conspicuity and legibility. Lack of negative consequences can unnaturally alter frequency of near-crashes. Unnatural vehicle and environment; artificial scenario; simulator sickness. Artificial, out-of-context testing environment; weak response measure. Artificial, out-of-context testing environment; weak response measure; focus group social biases. Out of context; opinions only; more labor intensive; smaller scale.
Method Ref. # Advantages Disadvantages 5.2 Mail survey Less resources; standardized; larger scale. 5.3 E-mail survey Less resources; standardized; large scale. 6.0 Analytical Study 6.1 Literature review 53, 38, 26, 129, 52 Benefit from previous knowledge and mistakes. 6.2 Review of practice 15, 44 Socially oriented, practical, legal. 6.3 Deductive-inductive reasoning study 26 Less resources; no need for new data. 59 Out of context; opinions only. Out of context; opinions only; internet user bias. Based on old information; abstract; hard to apply. Based on old information; not scientific; possibly misleading. Must often make dangerous assumptions; cannot fill in knowledge gaps.
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The Effects of Commercial Electroni
Page 3 and 4:
TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION.
Page 7:
LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Expanded ke
Page 10 and 11:
assumptions: that eye glances are r
Page 13 and 14:
2.1 BACKGROUND 2.0 LITERATURE REVIE
Page 15 and 16: inattention and/or distraction as a
Page 17 and 18: vehicle along a route which is cont
Page 19 and 20: vehicle” (p. 17). (19) Chan et al
Page 21 and 22: 2.6 REVIEWS OF PRACTICE Bergeron al
Page 23 and 24: The present literature review does
Page 25: cause a distraction at an inopportu
Page 28 and 29: • Luminance [1.2.4] (brightness).
Page 30 and 31: (nearby billboards). In particular,
Page 32 and 33: As mentioned above, the more detail
Page 34 and 35: • Closed-course test track [3.4]
Page 37 and 38: 5.0 FUTURE RESEARCH PROGRAM As stat
Page 39 and 40: 5.3 STRUCTURE As outlined above, th
Page 41: statistics. The Empirical Bayes met
Page 44 and 45: deviation, and traffic conflicts. A
Page 46 and 47: The on-road instrumented vehicle me
Page 49 and 50: APPENDIX A—EXPANDED TABLES A.1 KE
Page 51 and 52: Variable Ref. # Advantages Disadvan
Page 55 and 56: A.2 KEY MEASURES (DEPENDENT VARIABL
Page 61 and 62: A.3 KEY RESEARCH STRATEGIES Table 3
Page 63 and 64: Method Ref. # Advantages Disadvanta
Page 65: Method Ref. # Advantages Disadvanta
Page 70 and 71: The primary measure or dependent va
Page 72 and 73: connected to the vehicle data bus s
Page 74 and 75: B.3 UNOBTRUSIVE OBSERVATION APPROAC
Page 77: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present projec
Page 80 and 81: 11. Klauer, S.G., Dingus, T.A., Nea
Page 83 and 84: BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Ady, R.W. (1967).
Page 85 and 86: 28. Claus, K.E. (1974). “Psycholo
Page 87 and 88: 54. Gellatly, A.W. and Kleiss, J.A.
Page 89 and 90: 80. Kuhn, B.T. (1999). “The Impac
Page 91 and 92: 106. Parkes, A.M, Ward, N.J., and V
Page 93 and 94: 131. Tantala, M. and Tantala, P. (2
Page 95 and 96: 155. Wierwille, W.W., Antin, J.F.,
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