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Download Green Economy Report - UNEP

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Contents<br />

Manufacturing<br />

Key messages 244<br />

1 Introduction 246<br />

1.1 Structure of the chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246<br />

1.2 Manufacturing in the global economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247<br />

1.3 Scope and definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248<br />

2 Challenges – The risks and costs of inaction 250<br />

2.1 Natural resource scarcity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250<br />

2.2 The external costs of industrial air pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253<br />

2.3 Hazardous substances and waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254<br />

3 Opportunities – Strategic options for the manufacturing sector 257<br />

3.1 Decoupling and competitive advantage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257<br />

3.2 Innovation in supply and demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258<br />

4 Investment and resource efficiency 262<br />

4.1 Invvesting in material and energy efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262<br />

4.2 Investing in water efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263<br />

4.3 Investing in a transition to green jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264<br />

4.4 Growth and rebound – lessons for developing markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267<br />

5 Quantifying the implications of greening 268<br />

5.1 Business-as-usual trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268<br />

5.2 Trends under a green investment scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268<br />

6 Enabling conditions for a green transformation in manufacturing 271<br />

6.1 Policy priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271<br />

6.2 Policy instruments to enable green manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272<br />

7 Conclusions 279<br />

References 281<br />

241

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