Towards a green economy 530 Economic sector 2011 2015 2020 Unit BAU BAU1 BAU2 BAU G1 G2 BAU1 BAU2 BAU G1 G2 Real GDP US$ bn/year 69,334 78,651 79,306 77,694 78,384 78,690 91,028 92,583 88,738 90,915 92,244 GDP per capita US$ bn/year 9,992 10,868 10,959 10,737 10,832 10,874 12,000 12,205 11,698 11,983 12,156 Agriculture production * US$ bn/year 1,921 1,965 1,967 1,945 1,963 1,976 2,066 2,071 2,035 2,146 2,167 Crop US$ bn/year 629 674 677 657 679 691 713 718 690 726 744 Fishery US$ bn/year 106 101 101 99 73 75 95 95 88 69 72 Forestry US$ bn/year 748 718 718 718 740 740 747 747 747 840 840 Livestock US$ bn/year 439 471 471 471 471 471 511 511 511 511 511 Industry production US$ bn/year 17,168 19,304 19,457 19,146 19,363 19,439 22,091 22,444 21,727 22,330 22,642 Services production US$ bn/year 50,245 57,382 57,882 56,604 57,058 57,275 66,871 68,068 64,975 66,439 67,434 Consumption US$ bn/year 53,368 60,539 61,044 59,803 60,334 60,569 70,066 71,263 68,303 69,979 71,002 Investment US$ bn/year 15,966 18,874 19,798 17,892 18,240 18,502 21,847 23,118 20,435 21,157 21,689 Additional investment Social sector US$ bn/year 0 763 1,535 0 760 1,524 885 1,798 0 883 1,788 Total population billion people 6.9 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 Calories per capita Kcal/P/D 2,787 2,829 2,857 2,791 2,834 2,865 2,887 2,946 2,802 2,897 2,955 Population below $2/day % 19.5% 18.1% 17.9% 18.3% 18.1% 18.1% 16.4% 16.2% 16.9% 16.5% 16.2% HDI Index 0.594 0.600 0.601 0.600 0.600 0.601 0.610 0.611 0.608 0.611 0.613 Total employment Agriculture Industry Services Fisheries Forestry Transportation Energy Waste Water million people million people million people million people million people million people million people million people million people million people 3,187 3,407 3,419 3,392 3,420 3,441 3,685 3,722 3,641 3,676 3,701 1,075 1,119 1,123 1,113 1,147 1,167 1,185 1,200 1,167 1,215 1,244 662 725 728 723 722 721 803 810 796 793 790 1,260 1,366 1,371 1,361 1,357 1,357 1,491 1,506 1,476 1,465 1,461 29 28 28 28 21 21 27 27 24 19 20 21 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 24 24 70 75 75 74 79 79 79 80 78 85 85 19 20 20 20 20 21 20 20 20 19 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 31 34 34 34 33 33 37 37 37 35 35 Environmental sector Forest land billion ha 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 Arable land billion ha 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Harvested area billion ha 1.20 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Table 7: Main indicators in BAU and green investment scenarios * Note: Agriculture production includes production of crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry products. All monetary values are presented in constant 2010 US dollars.
2011 2015 2020 Unit BAU BAU1 BAU2 BAU G1 G2 BAU1 BAU2 BAU G1 G2 Water demand km 3 /Yr 4,864 5,264 5,275 5,251 5,079 5,081 5,767 5,792 5,737 5,357 5,375 Waste generation Total landfill Fossil fuel CO2 emissions Footprint/ biocapacity Primary energy demand Mtonnes/ year billion tonnes Mtonnes/ year Modelling 11,238 11,514 11,527 11,475 11,607 11,660 11,836 11,864 11,775 12,002 12,084 7.9 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 7.6 7.7 30,641 33,269 33,557 32,867 31,966 30,746 36,556 37,069 35,645 33,231 30,323 Ratio 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 Mtoe/year 12,549 13,589 13,674 13,470 13,315 13,245 14,926 15,086 14,651 14,120 13,709 Coal production Mtoe//year 3,620 4,098 4,150 4,026 3,975 3,858 4,592 4,671 4,435 4,202 3,907 Oil production Mtoe/year 3,838 4,059 4,079 4,028 3,847 3,704 4,344 4,398 4,264 3,907 3,591 Natural gas production Mtoe/year 2,715 2,886 2,897 2,869 2,840 2,804 3,233 3,259 3,195 3,107 2,980 Nuclear power Mtoe/year 755 807 807 807 820 848 869 869 869 897 956 Hydro power Mtoe/year 257 279 279 279 280 280 309 309 309 310 311 Biomass and waste Mtoe/year 1,077 1,132 1,132 1,132 1,208 1,372 1,202 1,203 1,201 1,289 1,484 Other renewables Mtoe/year 286 328 328 328 344 378 377 377 377 410 481 RE share of primary demand % 13% 13% 13% 13% 14% 15% 13% 13% 13% 14% 17% 2011 2030 2050 Unit BAU BAU1 BAU2 BAU G1 G2 BAU1 BAU2 BAU G1 G2 Economic sector Real GDP US$ bn/year 69,334 116,100 119,307 110,642 117,739 122,582 164,484 172,049 151,322 174,890 199,141 GDP per capita US$ bn/year 9,992 14,182 14,577 13,512 14,358 14,926 18,594 19,476 17,068 19,626 22,193 Agriculture production * US$ bn/year 1,921 2,259 2,268 2,219 2,383 2,421 2,545 2,559 2,494 2,773 2,852 Crop US$ bn/year 629 786 795 752 806 836 898 913 849 941 996 Fishery US$ bn/year 106 83 83 75 69 76 61 61 57 72 91 Forestry US$ bn/year 748 803 803 803 918 918 870 870 870 1,038 1,039 Livestock US$ bn/year 439 588 588 588 589 590 716 715 718 721 726 Industry production US$ bn/year 17,168 27,629 28,311 26,831 28,614 29,692 37,738 39,218 35,571 41,455 46,588 Services production US$ bn/year 50,245 86,212 88,727 81,592 86,742 90,469 124,201 130,272 113,258 130,661 149,701 Consumption US$ bn/year 53,368 89,364 91,833 85,163 90,626 94,354 126,606 132,429 116,476 134,616 153,282 Investment US$ bn/year 15,966 27,872 29,808 25,479 27,401 28,825 39,493 42,996 34,847 40,704 46,831 Additional investment Social sector US$ bn/year 0 1,137 2,334 0 1,150 2,388 1,616 3,377 0 1,719 3,889 Total population billion people 2,787 2,973 3,050 2,840 3,001 3,093 3,178 3,273 2,981 3,238 3,382 Calories per capita Kcal/P/D 19.5% 14% 14% 15% 14% 13% 10% 10% 11% 10% 8% Population below $2/day % 0.594 0.630 0.633 0.626 0.635 0.643 0.671 0.680 0.663 0.688 0.714 Table 7: Main indicators in BAU and green investment scenarios (continued) * Note: Agriculture production includes production of crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry products. All monetary values are presented in constant 2010 US dollars. 531
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Towards a [ ] ADVANCE COPY ONLINE R
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Towards a Pathways to Sustainable D
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Foreword Nearly 20 years after the
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Introduction Setting the stage for
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policies, including pricing and reg
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Box 1: Towards a green economy: A t
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overall transition to a green econo
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References Adelman, Irma (1999).
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Introduction 27
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32 Acknowledgements Chapter Coordin
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Towards a green economy 34 List of
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Towards a green economy 38 1 Introd
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water withdrawals, assuming no e�
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Towards a green economy 194 forests
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derived from fossil fuels. The scen
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US$ (2008) per MWh 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0
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References AFREPREN/FWD Energy, Env
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WHO (2009): “The Poor man’s fue
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Manufacturing Investing in energy a
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impacts of paper, plastic and cloth
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Renzetti, S. (2005). «Economic Ins
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Waste Investing in energy and resou
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Buildings 333
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penetration at certain times of day
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new residential construction, an es
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water, indoor air quality and finan
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energy reduction targets had been p
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Addressing a multi-faceted phenomen
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Transport Investing in energy and r
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Region* GNP, 1997 (USD billion) Tab
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Tourism Investing in energy and res
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Loss of biological diversity There
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Finance 619
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Towards a green economy 624 the lat