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94 Hurford A.J. and Hammerschmidt K., 1985. 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar dating of the Bishop and Fish Canyon Tuffs: ca<strong>lib</strong>ration ages for fission track dating standards. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.), 58, pp. 23-32. Hurford A.J. and Watkins R.T., 1987. Fission track age of the tuffs of the Buluk Member, Bakate Formation, Northern Kenya: A suitable fission-track age standard. Chem. Geol., 66, pp. 209-216. Hurford A.J., Flisch M., and Jäger E., 1989. Unraveling the thermo-tectonic evolution of the Alps; a contribution from fission track analysis and mica dating. In: Coward M.P., Dietrich D., and Park R.G., Conference on Alpine tectonics. Geological Society Special Publications, 45, pp. 369-398. Hurford A.J., Hunziker J.C., and Stoeckert B., 1991. Constraints on the late thermotectonic evolution of the Western Alps; evidence for episodic rapid uplift. Tectonics, 10, 4, pp.758-769. Hubbard M.S., Grew K.V., Hodges M.G., Yates M.G. and Pertsev N.N., 1999. Neogene cooling and exhumation of upper-amphibolite facies “whiteschists” in the southwest Pamir mountains, Tajikistan. Tectonophysics, 305, pp. 325-337. Jaffey A.H., Flynn K.F., Glendenin L.E., Bentley W.C., and Essling A.M., 1971. Precision measurements of half-lives and specific activities of 235 U and 238 U. Phys. Rev. C4: 1889-1906. Jiang C.F., Yang J.S. Feng B.G., and Zhu Z.Z., 1992. Opening and closing tectonic of the Kunlun Mountains. Beijing, Geological Publishing House, pp. 1-217. Jolivet M., Roger F., Arnaud N., Brunel M., Tapponnier P., and Seward D., 1999. Exhumation history of Altun Shan; indications of the age of the subduction of the Tarim Block beneath the Altyn Tagh System, northern Tibet (in french). Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Serie II. Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes, 329, 10, pp. 749-755. Jolivet M., Brunel M., Seward D., Xu Z., Yang J., Roger F., Tapponnier P., Malavieille J., Arnaud N., and Wu C., 2001. Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the northern edge of the Tibetian Plateau; fission track constraints. Tectonophysics, 343, 1-2, pp. 111- 134. Kapp P. and Cowgill E., 2001. Does the Paleozoic tectonic history of Qiangtang record the formation and break-up of a Devonian supercontinent? Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, 33, 3, p. 42. Kapp P., Yin A., Manning C.E., Murphy M., Harrison T.M., Spurlin M., Ding L., Deng X., and Wu C.M., 2000. Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes in the Qiangtang Block reveal deep crustal structure of northern Tibet. Geology (Boulder), 28, 1, pp. 19-22. Kapp P., Murphy M.A., Yin A., Harrison T.M., Ding L., and Guo J., 2003. Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Shiquanhe area of western Tibet. Tectonics, 22, 4, pp. 3-23. Karapetov S.S., Leleshus V.L., and Sonin I.I., 1975. Stratigraphy and Tabulata of the Silurian in Afghanistan (in Russian). Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Prirody, Otdel Geologicheskiy, 50, 4, pp. 95-106. Ketcham R.A., Donelick R.A., and Donelick M.B., 2000. AFTSolve: A program for multikinetic modelling of apatite fission-track data. Geol. Mat. Res., 2, 1, pp. 1-32.
Kober B., 1986. Whole-grain evaporation for 207 Pb/ 206 Pb-age investigations on single zircons using a double-filament thermal ion source. Contr. Mineral. Petrol., 93, 482- 490 pp. Kober B., 1987. Single-Zircon evaporation combined with Pb+ emitter bedding for 207 206 Pb/ Pb-age investigations using thermal ion mass spectrometry, and implications to zirconology. Contr. Mineral. Petrol., 96, 63-71 pp. Kober B., Hradetzky H., and Lippolt H.J., 1986. Radiogenblei-Evaporationsstudien an einzelnen Zirkonkristallen zur präherzynischen Entwicklung des Grundgebirges im Zentralschwarzwald, SW-Deutschland. Fortsch. Mineral. Band 64 (Beih. 1), 81 pp. Klötzli U.S., 1997. Zircon evaporation TIMS: Method and procedure. The Analyst, 122, pp. 1239-1248. Kravchenko K.N., 1979. Tectonic evolution of the Tien Shan, Pamir and Karakorum. Abul Farah, DeJong K.A. (eds.) Geodynamics of Pakistan. Geol. Surv. Pakistan, Quetta, Pakistan, pp. 25-40. Kröner A. and Todt W., 1988. Single zircon dating constraining the maximum age of the Barberton greenstone belt, Southern Africa. J. Geophys. Res., 93, pp. 15329-15337. Kröner A. and Hegner E., 1998. Geochemistry, single zircon ages and Sm-Nd systematics of granitoid rocks from the Gory Sowie (Owl Mts), Polish West Sudetes; Evidences for early Palaeozoic arc-related plutonism. J. Geol. Soc. London, 155, 4, 711-724 pp. Laslett G.M., Green P.F., Duddy I.R., and Gleadow A.J.W., 1987. Thermal annealing of fission tracks in apatite. 2. A quantitative analysis. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosc. Sect.), 65, pp. 1-13. Leeder M.R., Smith A.B., and Yin J., 1988. Sedimentology, palaeoecology and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the 1985 Lhasa to Golmud geotraverse. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London, A, 327, 1594, pp. 107-143. Leith W., 1982. Rock assemblages in Central Asia and the evolution of the southern Asian margin. Tectonics, 1, 3, pp.303-318. Le Maitre R.W., Bateman P., Dudek A., Keller J., Lameyre Le Bas M.J., Sabine P.A., Schmid R., Sorensen H., Streckeisen A., Woolley A.R. and Zanettin B., 1989. A classification of igneous rocks and glossary of terms. Blackwell, Oxford. Le Pichon X., Fournier M., and Jolivet L., 1992. Kinematics, topography, shortening, and extrusion in the India-Eurasia collision. Tectonics, 11, 6, pp.1085-1098. Leven E.Y., 1981. The age of the Paleozoic volcanic formations of North Pamirs (in Russian). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geologicheskaya, 1981, 9, pp. 137- 140. Leven E.J., 1995. Permian and Triassic of the Rushan-Pshart Zone (Pamir). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 101, 1, pp.3-16. Li Y.A., Li X.D., Sun D.J., and Han Y.L., 1995. Tectonic evolution of Qiangtang block and Kangxiwar structure zone in Kara-Kunlun Mountains, southwestern Xinjiang, China. Chinese Xinjiang Science & Technology and Hygiene Publishing House, pp. 1-107. Liew T.C. and Hofmann A.W., 1988. Precambrian crustal components, plutonic associations, plate environment of the Hercynian Fold Belt of central Europe: Indications from a Nd and Sr isotopic study. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 98, pp. 129-138. Ludwig K.R., 2001 Eliminating mass-fractionation effects on U-Pb isochron ages 95
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Institut für Geowissenschaften (IF
Page 4 and 5:
Key words: Tien Shan, Pamirs, Tibet
Page 6 and 7:
* Nr. 22 MESCHEDE, M. (1994): Tecto
Page 8 and 9:
* Nr. 55 REINECKER, J. (2000): Stre
Page 13 and 14:
The amalgamation of the Pamirs and
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Wer aber je auf Asiens Erdboden sch
Page 20 and 21:
viii (1971). Black lines with arrow
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x sample locations and age distribu
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xii Swedish expeditions followed. I
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2 postulated that the Safed Khers a
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4 Zusammenfassung Die paläozoische
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6 (d) Oberkreide Spaltspurenalter w
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8 deformation propagate from the pl
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10 source terrains, changes in the
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12 Geochemisches Zentrallabor, Univ
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14 mean UO+/U+ and Pb+/U+ value. Si
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16 apatites and zircons were counte
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18 number of simulation runs and th
Page 45 and 46:
Two Palaeozoic sutures divide the C
Page 47 and 48:
igneous and sedimentary rock sequen
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Triassic and the formation of an is
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27 Lake Karakul The Lake Karakul ar
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3.3.2 Major and trace elements Majo
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32 of 26-40 for samples P2, P5, and
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34 some of the zircons suffered Pb
Page 60 and 61:
36 fractions are situated close to
Page 65:
3.4.2 Rb/Sr dating The Rb/Sr minera
Page 69 and 70: 45 The Cretaceous plutons show mode
Page 72 and 73: 48 Thompson et al. (1984), who see
Page 74 and 75: 50 granites and have Sm-Nd model ag
Page 76 and 77: 52 associations in Afghanistan is f
Page 78 and 79: 54 Kara Kunlun or Mazar accretionar
Page 80 and 81: 56 Early Jurassic low-angle normal
Page 82 and 83: 58 Coward et al. (1988) pointed out
Page 84 and 85: 60 oceanic crust for the consumptio
Page 86 and 87: 62 Palaeogene volcanic rocks of cen
Page 88: 64 3.7 Conclusions Based on new own
Page 91 and 92: 4 Cenozoic exhumation history of th
Page 93 and 94: Southern Tien Shan One Permian gran
Page 97 and 98: Thermal modelling The results of th
Page 99 and 100: amphibole, white mica, and biotite
Page 101 and 102: the zircon PAZ. The apparent apatit
Page 103 and 104: elt likely operated as an out-of-se
Page 105: ages from gneissic rocks within the
Page 108 and 109: 84 south to 18 Ma in the north; the
Page 110 and 111: 86 Cretaceous plutons that intrude
Page 112 and 113: 88 6 References Allègre C.J., Cout
Page 114 and 115: 90 House, scale 1:2 000 000. Chen F
Page 116 and 117: 92 Karakorum (Sinkiang, China); the
Page 120 and 121: 96 without double spiking. Geochimi
Page 122 and 123: 98 Geological Society of America, 2
Page 124 and 125: 100 Zamoruyev A., 1995a. Neotectoni
Page 126 and 127: 102 Ann. Rev. of Earth and Planetar
Page 128: 104 this work, especially all membe
Page 132 and 133: II Appendix A Tab. A1 Sample descri
Page 134 and 135: IV Tab. A2 continued Pamir frontal
Page 136 and 137: VI Tab. A2 continued Tertiary exten
Page 138 and 139: VIII Tab. A3 continued Sample Miner
Page 140 and 141: X Tab. A6 Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd isotopic
Page 142 and 143: XII Tab. A7 continued Apparent ages
Page 144 and 145: XIV Tab. A9 U/Pb isotopic ratios fr
Page 146 and 147: XVI Tab. A9 continued 207 Pb/ 206 P
Page 148 and 149: XVIII Tab. A9 continued 207 Pb/ 206
Page 150 and 151: XX Appendix B Plate B1 Cathodolumin
Page 152 and 153: XXII Plate B3 Cathodoluminescence i
Page 154 and 155: XXIV Plate B5 Cathodoluminescence i
Page 156 and 157: XXVI Tab. C2 Determination of the
Page 158 and 159: XXVIII
Page 160 and 161: XXX
Page 162 and 163: XXXII
Page 164 and 165: XXXIV
Page 166 and 167: XXXVI Tab. C5 continued Sample grai
Page 168 and 169:
XXXVIII Tab. C5 continued Sample gr
Page 170 and 171:
XL Tab. C5 continued Sample grain-n
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XLII Tab. C5 continued Sample grain
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XLIV
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XLVI Tab. C6 Zircon fission track a
Page 178 and 179:
XLVIII
Page 182 and 183:
LII
Page 184:
LIV Tab. C7 Apatite and zircon fiss
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