Migrant Smuggling in Asia - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

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%;-727015 !"#!""$%&%'(#)*+,*$-.&/01 �is publication was produced by the Regional Centre for East <strong>Asia</strong> and the Paci�c (RCEAP) of UNODC, under the supervision of Sebastian Baumeister, Coord<strong>in</strong>ation and Analysis Unit (CAU, UNODC). Lead researcher: Fiona David (consultant). Research conceptualization, coord<strong>in</strong>ation and report preparation: Sebastian Baumeister and Fiona David. Report written by: Introduc<strong>in</strong>g the research methodology: Fiona David; Chapter One: Fiona David; Chapter Two: Fiona David, Kenneth Wright (consultant); Chapter �ree: Rebecca Powell (consultant); Chapter Four: Fiona David, Kenneth Wright; Chapter Five: Rebecca Miller (consultant); Chapter Six: Kather<strong>in</strong>e Rogers (consultant); Chapter Seven: Rebecca Powell; Chapter Eight: Kather<strong>in</strong>e Rogers; Chapter N<strong>in</strong>e: Rebecca Miller; Chapter Ten: Kenneth Wright; Chapter Eleven: Rebecca Miller; Chapter Twelve: Kather<strong>in</strong>e Rogers; Chapter �irteen: Rebecca Miller; Chapter Fourteen: Rebecca Powell; Chapter Fifteen: Fiona David, Chapter Fifteen: Fiona David, Kenneth Wright; Executive summary and Country situation overview: Sebastian Baumeister. Editorial and production team: Sebastian Baumeister, Julia Brown (UNODC <strong>in</strong>tern), Fiona David, Karen Emmons (contractor, edit<strong>in</strong>g), Ajcharaporn Lorlamai (CAU, UNODC), Coll<strong>in</strong> Piprell (contractor, edit<strong>in</strong>g), Siraphob Ruedeeniyomvuth (contractor, design), and Sanya Umasa (CAU, UNODC). Particular appreciation and gratitude for support and advice go to Julia Brown, Elzbieta Gozdziak, Shawn Kelly (UNODC), Janet Smith from the Australian Institute of Crim<strong>in</strong>ology, Tun Nay Soe (UNODC), and to the sta� from the Library at the Australian National University. �e publication also bene�ted from the work and expertise of UNODC sta� members around the world. 1
Page 1: Migrant Sm
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Page 37 and 38: of drawing the l<s
Page 39 and 40: Introduction �is project sought t
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Page 49 and 50: exist, the question becomes why is
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Page 57 and 58: Findin</st
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In the Fujian context, the recruitm
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to Spain, complet<
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would allow a person to successfull
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as the United Stat
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… human smugglin
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Some of the literature on tra�ck<
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example, Monzini,
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Ford, M. (2006). After Nunukan: �
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United Nat
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1) Quantitative assessments and �
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epatriation of Afghan nationals fro
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dent States (CIS) countries. Female
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c) Factors in�ue
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shapes the way migrant smugglers ar
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people with similar backgrounds, en
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grants are smuggled by land, sea, a
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many Cambodians use social and fami
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services of social or family networ
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this amount with in</strong
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Human Rights Watch. (2010). From th
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gests that the majority of tra�ck
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ince. Sin<
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expressed the desire to live <stron
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�� smugglers acknowledge the ex
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According to Zhang
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e) Document use and misuse Reviewed
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Fujianese migrants appear to rema<s
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are usually paid in</strong
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�e sometimes enormous smuggl<stro
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Yun, G. and Poisson, V. (2010). Exp
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ackgrounds (Dewey, 2008; Hameed, Hl
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cording to Saha (2
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migrants learn about the success of
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order near Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakis
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9) Factors fuellin
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International Organization for Migr
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Another issue is in</strong
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Information is unavailable, beyond
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�e literature does not address pa
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to Australia via Indonesia and/or M
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tralia has been in
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!#70'4&%*8#9':*';#$
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) Motivation Many Lao migrants seek
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to their irregular migrant clients,
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many potential Lao migrants because
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with the application process. Borde
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major source countries for authoriz
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c) Does migrant smugglin</s
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Singapore are sign
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References Asis, M. M. B. (2004). B
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e) What in�uence
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egular border crossin</stro
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) Are persons invo
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An NGO worker inte
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United Nat
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�e third route is to �y to a tr
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esearch is required. However, the U
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'/647(JMI(#707./4(;G/./;17.,51,;5(8
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communities and crime, such as tra
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(2008) o�ers detailed in<
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USD 13,000 to USD 14,000 for a dire
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e) What in�uence
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Crock, M., Saul, B. and Dastyari, A
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workers abroad (Human Rights Watch,
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7) Migrant smuggl<
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populations and routes from neighbo
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the role of inform
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) Payment methods �e literature p
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emittances, and communication with
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Chantavanich, S. (2008). �e Mekon
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Silverstone and Savage (2010), howe
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ways. Sometimes, payment is made <s
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Mae Sot. In: Journal of Contemporar
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Migrant Smuggling in Asia - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

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