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Pollution Control Board Coastal Pollution Ministry of Commerce Marine Products Development, Special Economic Zones Ministry of Surface Transport Ports and Harbours Ministry of Tourism Tourism Development Ministry of Urban Development Town and Country Planning Ministry of Industries Coastal Industries Ministry of Mines Coastal and Offshore Mining Ministry of Home Disaster Management Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas Exploration and Exploitation of Oil and Natural Gas. Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Storage and Handling of Chemicals and Fertilizer in the State/Union Territory Environment Department 11 port areas. Coast and Marine Management under Water Act, Air Act. However, Coastal Regulation Zone Notification 1991 implemented by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), is the single regulation that takes care of most of the activities in the coast. 1.2 Committees and Reports During the last 14 years of implementation of the CRZ Notification, the MoEF has been receiving several representations/suggestions from various stakeholders including NGO’s requesting MoEF to amend the notification for permitting certain activities. Taking into consideration these requests/representations, the Ministry has been constituting Committees consisting of experts to look into specific issues raised by the Central Governments, State Governments, local communities, Association and NGOs. Most of the Committees were constituted to address specific issues from time to time. The details of the Committees constituted so far, their recommendations alongwith the action taken by MoEF is briefly discussed below - 1.2.1 Shri B.B. Vohra Committee – on issues relating to tourism Shri B.B. Vohra Committee was constituted on 1 st January, 1992 mainly to examine CRZ vis-a-vis coastal tourism. The Committee submitted its report on December 31, 1992. One of the recommendations of the Committee was reduction of distance of the NDZ in selected coastal stretches for promoting tourism. The Ministry amended the CRZ Notification, 1991 on 18 th August, 1994, reducing No Development Zone (NDZ) area all along the Tidal water bodies from 100 to 50 mts. The amendment also permitted construction in NDZ. This amendment was challenged in the Supreme Court of India in W.P. No.664 of 1993, and the above amendment was quashed and status quo maintained. The B. B. Vohra Committee report also noted that the HTL demarcation was not clearly defined. Based on the recommendations, the Ministry defined the HTL and demarcation agencies in the amendment dated 8 th August, 1994. The B. B. Vohra Committee Report also recommended no drawal of Groundwater in the NDZ including CRZ area, except by manual extraction. The Report recommended
landscaping in the NDZ by dressing of sand dunes, live fencing along the resorts and permitted playfields but not swimming pools in the NDZ. Vide the same amendment dated 8 th August, 1994, the Ministry prohibited flattening of sand dunes in the CRZ area, while maintaining status quo as in CRZ Notification with regard to height and Floor Space Index (FSI), subject to ground+one only. For the construction of basement, NOC was to be obtained from the Ground Water Board. Public access between two resorts was suggested as 6 mts by the Committee, however the Ministry maintained 20 metre distance between two resorts. 1.2.2 Prof. N. Balakrishnan Nair Committee - on issues relating to Kerala on Coastal Regulation Zone The Balakrishnan Nair Committee which was constituted on 30 th December, 1996 recommended inclusion of census towns and panchayats, which are substantially built up to be declared as urban areas (CRZ-II). The extent of CRZ area in case of inland tidal water bodies to be relaxed, to permit all ports and harbour constructions and port related industries. However, the Ministry took no action with regard to these suggestions. The report also recommended storage of petroleum products in CRZ which was considered by the Ministry and an amendment was issued on 9 th July, 1997 after obtaining the views of Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas. The Committee also recommended reclamation to be made permissible for the approved projects, which the Ministry did not consider. It also recommended locating non-polluting industries, relaxation for tourism potential areas and construction of fishermen houses in 200-500 mts. These recommendations were not considered by the Ministry. The Committee also recommended drawl of ground water between 0-200 metres by manual method, which was considered in the amendment dated 9 th July, 1997. The report recommended setting up fish processing units. But the Ministry in its amendment dated 9 th July, 1997 amended the Notification permitting modernizing of the fish processing units and setting up of effluent treatment plants for such existing plants. The report also suggested reduction of CRZ to 50 mts along tidal water bodies keeping in view the unique conditions of Kerala. However, the Ministry took no action in this regard. The amendment of 9 th July, 1997 has been challenged in the High Court of Delhi since suggestions/objections from the public had been waived off while issuing the said amendment. The matter is subjudice as on today. 1.2.3 Fr. Saldanha Committee (I) - to advice on withdrawal of groundwater and extraction of sand in Andaman & Nicobar Islands The Committee which was constituted on 5 th December, 1996 and submitted its report in January, 1997. The report recommended extraction of groundwater extraction by manual method in 50-200 metres from the HTL for local communities of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. With regard to mining of sand the Committee recommended mining of sand in the CRZ area for a short period for 1-2 years only, since the sand was of coral origin, which takes several years for formation. The rate of replenishme nt of this biological sand is very slow. Based on the recommendations of the Saldanha Committee, the Ministry amended the Notification by permitting mining of sand in the CRZ area, and thereafter MoEF has been periodically extending on yearly basis. The recent ICZM studies carried out by the Institute for Ocean Management, Chennai has indicated severe adverse impact due to sand mining. 12
Page 2 and 3: REPORT OF THE EXPERT COMMITTEE ON C
Page 4 and 5: 3.1.0 Background 73 3.1.1 Prohibite
Page 6 and 7: PREFACE 1. Experts on the origin of
Page 8 and 9: Introduction Coastal environment pl
Page 10 and 11: No.15(8)/2004-IA.III Government of
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER 1 1.0 COASTAL ZONE MANAGEME
Page 14 and 15: patches of mangroves are also obser
Page 18 and 19: The Committee has also examined the
Page 20 and 21: 1.2.8. Prof. M. S. Swaminathan Comm
Page 22 and 23: protected. • Landward side of exi
Page 24 and 25: 1.3 Coastal Zone Management - Inter
Page 26 and 27: (v) Australia About 75% of the popu
Page 28 and 29: projected use of coastal areas and
Page 30 and 31: implementation process. The Princip
Page 32 and 33: COUNTRIES SETBACK ZONE Brazil 33 m
Page 34 and 35: USA � � � � � � Croatia
Page 36 and 37: Earth Minerals and few private sect
Page 38 and 39: systems desalination schemes needs
Page 40 and 41: 2.3.0 Living Resources in coastal a
Page 42 and 43: a Mechanised bottom trawling within
Page 44 and 45: continent, harbour high concentrati
Page 46 and 47: patches, lying shoreward of offshor
Page 48 and 49: Sea grass ecosystems provid e a she
Page 50 and 51: Rushikulya in Ganjam district in So
Page 52 and 53: These ecosystems are important for
Page 54 and 55: sediment for dunes is derived fr om
Page 56 and 57: 2.5.1.6 Rocky Foreshores Rocky fore
Page 58 and 59: � Filtration ponds � Salt produ
Page 60 and 61: The CRZ notification is silent abou
Page 62 and 63: Threats Sand mining, pollution from
Page 64 and 65: 2.6.1 Livelihood and Social Dimensi
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popular farmed species in India, mo
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• Shrimp hatcheries (and also hat
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suitable control measures are to be
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of erosion and accretion can be due
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contamination are also part of stor
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In the context of CRZ provisions, d
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CHAPTER -3 3.0 COASTAL REGULATION Z
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� S.O.730(E), dated 4th August, 2
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development agencies complaint that
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26. Horticulture X � � � �
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3.4.3 Ports and Harbours and other
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3.4.11 Land Reclamation The Notific
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3.4.22 Projects of Department of At
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3.5.0 Enforcement and monitoring of
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has been no concrete effort in addr
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Panchayati Raj institutions in coas
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4.1 Recommendations with regard to
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dependent on coastal resources such
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and it is necessary to ensure propa
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proactive action-reaction analysis
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institutions under the various Mini
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(xvii) Vacant plots within municipa
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c. Litigations, violations and othe
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CHAPTER-6 6.0 A NATIONAL COASTAL ZO
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6.5 ORGANOGRAM INDICATING THE INSTI
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Annexure -II CMZ-I: INDICATIVE LIST
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113 Annexure-IV GUIDELINES FOR PREP
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APC - Areas of Particular Concern C
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