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II) Refer to the listing 'TABLE'. 12) Type: M 429E (return) 13) Change the values on the screen to those in the listing 'TABLE' by overtyping. When the first screenful has been changed then type: M (return) to obtain the next sereenful. Continue in this fashion until the end of the listing 'TABLE'. 14) Type S'IABLE',,n,429E,442E where n=1 for tape or n=8 for disk. 15) Type: L'GRATEX',n (return) n=1 for tape or n=8 for disk. 16) Type: L'TABLE',n (return) n=1 for tape or n=8 for disk. 17) Type: S'SUPERDLIMP*.n.4000, 442E (return). NOTE: make another backup copy on another tape or disk, 18) Type: X (return) You are now back in Basic. 19) Enter the following Basic program. 10 (iRAPHICI:GRAPHICO:POKE 44 . 20 NEW 72 20) Type: DSAVE'NEW' (return). :P O K E 46 , 72 :P O K E Sidel: C 50 , Side 2 - 72 , NOW AVAILABLE ON COMMODORE 16 AND PLUS 4 Also available for 16/ <strong>Commodore</strong> 64, Spectrum 48K, Es BBC/Electron Plus4 and Amstrad. pe Macsen , Sof tware.17 Not t Square, MACSEN cia Carmarthen, Dy fed 5A31 1PQ SOfT • lly w1 e Txe l : t 0 2e 6n 7 d 2 3e 2d 5P 0 l 8 . u s 4 PLUS/4 AND MPS 801 ill NOTE: If using a disk drive then the programs 'GRATEX and 'TABLE' may be erased from the disk since they are now combined under the heading 'SUPERDUMP'. To do this enter the following Basic commands: SCRATCH 'GRATEX',D0 (return) SCRATCH "TABLE',D0 (return) [Fall has worked out well, you should now have three programs: 'FUNK EY, 'SUPERDUMP' and 'NEW'. This program is very simple to use once loaded. To load the program into memory follow these instructions: 1) Switch the Plus/4 'OFF' then 'ON' again. (The best reset known). 2) Type: DLOAD'NEW (return) (LOAD for tape) then RUN (return). 3) Type: MONITOR (return). 4) Type: L'FUNKEY',n (return) n=1 for tape or n=8 for disk. 5) Type: L'SUPERDUMF,n (return). 6) Type: X (return). The computer is now in Basic and the Superdump program is in memory. The superdump may be used in direct mode or program mode. Direct Mode Stop your program when the screen you want to print is being displayed. Press Fl for a text dump. Press F4 for a graphic dump. That's it the Plus/4 does the rest! Program Mode When writing a program you may decide that a screendump option would be useful. This is very simple to achieve. Simply include the appropriate instruction (below) for your requirement. TEXT DUMP type: SYS16384 GRAPHIC DUMP type: SYS16645 Again, the computer will do the rest. 1 am sure that this program will be of very great interest to many people. This program took me six months to perfect (spare evenings) and to me at least, was worth every minute. 'iR , 3 1DISCS AT LOW PRICES IN PLASTIC LIBRARY CASES ALL DISKS ARE LIFETIME GUARANTEED, COME WITH HUB RING AND WRITEIDROTECT AS WELL AS LABELS & ENVELOPES 5.25" 10 3.5" 10 DSSD E7.99 SS 135tpi E15.95 DSDD (gap) E9.99 DS 135tpi E19.95 BULK 5.25" DS 96tpi 3 5" OS 135tpi YOUR COMMODORE january 1987 108 DISCS AT 25 E14.99 25 E39.99 CRAZY PRICES too 2 5 0 E49.99 E119.99 100 2 5 0 £149.99 E369.99 Epson printers at sensible discounts FX85 E 3 9 9 . 9 5 L01000 E 6 9 9 . 9 5 PX105 E 4 8 9 . 9 5 X ( 80 (col) E399.95 L0800 E 4 9 9 . 9 5 H I 80 (plotter) E349.95 Colour Monitors. Massive Discounts Philips BM7502 (Green) E 7 9 . 9 9 Philips BM7522 (Amber) E 8 9 . 9 9 Philips 8501 (Med-res Colour) E 1 9 9 . 9 9 Philips 8533 (Hi-res Colour) E 2 6 9 . 9 9 JUST DISKS 18, CRESCENT WAY, GREEN ST. GREEN, ORPING TON, KENT BR6 9LS Tel: 0689 61947 Ail prices include VAT and Pap =
Whether you are entering a program from a book or magazine or you are trying to create your own masterpiece those little bugs always manage to slip their way into your code somewhere. So what do you do? Well, the first and most obvious method of debugging a program is to sit down and read it through. Even this isn't infallible, and so I speak from experience, you check it, your neighbour checks it, Freddie the family parrot even gets in one the job. But still the error hides in their somewhere. Having dealt with people's programming queries for a number of years I have noticed a several specific programming errors keep rearing their heads again and again. I hope this article will provide some tips that will help you to de-hug your programs more easily. know it Ali? Some people think that the computer is a device that is totally infallible, this isn't the case. Probably the most common problem is the fact that the computer gives you an error in a certain line number. You go to the line, check it, check it again and even get someone else to check it. Don't be fooled, just because the computer says that the error is in line X, DON'T BELIEVE IT. Your problem may be elsewhere. I shall prove this point in an example later in this article. All Blank PROGRAMMING Fault Finding Quite often people will write or type in a program, RUN it and then find they simply get a blank screen. One of the most common mistakes here is that you may not realise that the computer may be giving you an error report, it's Entering a program into your computer only to . fi nd t h a t it doesn't work is extremely frustrating. Here are a few tips on some of the most common problems. By Stuart Cooke just that you can't see it. A small example will illustrate just what I mean. Type the following into your cornputer: 10 POKE 53280,0:POKE 53281,0 20 PRINT "[ BLACK] HELLO WORLD" Line 10 should be replaced with the following if using a CIO, Plus/4 or C128. 10 COLOR 0,1:COLOR 4,1 Don't forget items in square brackets are mnemonics for <strong>Commodore</strong> control codes. Read Listings if you are not sure about this. [BLACK] means press the CONTROL &I keys at the same time, RUN this program and see what happens. The program works OK, you simply can't see the message that is printed since it is printed on a black background with black text. Line 10 simply sets the border and screen to black. Now this program works without any problems, but what would happen If there was an error in there? Let's add a line to the above example: 30 THIS WILL CREATE AN ERROR As you are no doubt aware this line will cause a SYNTAX ERROR when the program is RUN. Let's RUN it and see. What happened? Nothing seemed to happen, your screen is still black. The error message will be printed out, you simply can't see it as it is in black on a black background. If we change the colour of the text in line 20 then all should become apparent. Change line 20 to: 20 PRINT "[WHITE] HELLO WORLD" YOUR COMMODORE january 1987 109 Remember what I said about square brackets. Now RUN the program and you will see the SYNTAX error message appear. You mayu think that this is an extremely simple error and that everyone should spot it. It may be simple but is overlooked surprisingly often. Cl28 owners have a further problem. the FAST command. For those of you not used to this command it simply turns off the display of the C128 which means that the computers speed will increase. You can still print to the screen, but you can't see what you put on it. So what would happen if the computer came across an error? You would get the same effect as above. The error message will be printed to the screen you just won't be able to see it. As a general rule of thumb, when entering a C128 program omit all FAST statements until you are sure that the program is working correctly. Then put the FAST statement back in, If you own a Cl28 then you could try the following program to demonstrate this: 10 FAST 20 PRINT "HI THERE !" 30 I'M GOING TO CAUSE AN ERROR Now RUN the program. The program will print out the message in line 20 and line 30 will generate an error message, you simply can't see it. Enter the following command on the keyboard. You won't be able to see it so type carefully: SLOW Your screen will now come back on and you will see both the 'HI THERE!' and the error message.
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