Л1 о с к в а
Л1 о с к в а
Л1 о с к в а
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
КЛАСС INSECTA. НАСЕКОМЫЕ<br />
И<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рия изучения<br />
Н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мые — н<strong>а</strong>иб<strong>о</strong>лее <strong>о</strong>бширный и р<strong>а</strong>зн<strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>бр<strong>а</strong>зный<br />
<strong>к</strong>л<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong> члени<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>о</strong>гих, зн<strong>а</strong>чительн<strong>о</strong><br />
пре<strong>в</strong>ыш<strong>а</strong>ющий п<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>ему мн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>бр<strong>а</strong>зию любые<br />
другие группы жи<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>тных. Эт<strong>о</strong> <strong>к</strong>р<strong>а</strong>йнее<br />
<strong>о</strong>билие н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых <strong>о</strong>пределяет <strong>о</strong>чень б<strong>о</strong>льшую<br />
нер<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong>мерн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ть изученн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ти <strong>о</strong>тдельных групп<br />
<strong>к</strong>л<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>: н<strong>а</strong>ряду <strong>с</strong> х<strong>о</strong>р<strong>о</strong>ш<strong>о</strong> изученными <strong>о</strong>тряд<strong>а</strong>ми<br />
<strong>с</strong>уще<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>уют еще м<strong>а</strong>л<strong>о</strong> из<strong>в</strong>е<strong>с</strong>тные, прит<strong>о</strong>м<br />
<strong>о</strong>бширные группы, и<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ние <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рых н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>дит<strong>с</strong>я<br />
н<strong>а</strong> пер<strong>в</strong>ичн<strong>о</strong>й, ф<strong>а</strong>униети<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>-реги<strong>с</strong>тр<strong>а</strong>ци<strong>о</strong>нн<strong>о</strong>й<br />
<strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>дии. Одн<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong> цел<strong>о</strong>м эт<strong>о</strong>т <strong>к</strong>л<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong><br />
члени<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>о</strong>гих <strong>в</strong> з<strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>гии я<strong>в</strong>ляет<strong>с</strong>я <strong>о</strong>дним из<br />
н<strong>а</strong>иб<strong>о</strong>лее д<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong> и п<strong>о</strong>лн<strong>о</strong> и<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>нных.<br />
Н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мые ге<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>гиче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> пр<strong>о</strong>шл<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> изучены<br />
г<strong>о</strong>р<strong>а</strong>зд<strong>о</strong> меньше, чем <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ременные. Причины<br />
эт<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> з<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>люч<strong>а</strong>ют<strong>с</strong>я <strong>в</strong> б<strong>о</strong>льших трудн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тях<br />
<strong>о</strong>пределения и<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>п<strong>а</strong>емых <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>т<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong> н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых,<br />
<strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>егд<strong>а</strong> <strong>в</strong>е<strong>с</strong>ьм<strong>а</strong> неп<strong>о</strong>лных, прит<strong>о</strong>м немн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong>чи<strong>с</strong>ленных<br />
и трудн<strong>о</strong> н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>димых.<br />
Опи<strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>ние н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых пр<strong>о</strong>шл<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> был<strong>о</strong> н<strong>а</strong>ч<strong>а</strong>т<strong>о</strong><br />
<strong>о</strong>чень д<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong>. Т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>, еще <strong>в</strong> пер<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>й п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ине<br />
XVIII <strong>в</strong>., <strong>в</strong> д<strong>о</strong>линее<strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>е <strong>в</strong>ремя, Зенделем<br />
(Sendelius, 1742) был<strong>о</strong> из<strong>о</strong>бр<strong>а</strong>жен<strong>о</strong> и <strong>о</strong>пи<strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>н<strong>о</strong><br />
б<strong>о</strong>льш<strong>о</strong>е чи<strong>с</strong>л<strong>о</strong> н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых из б<strong>а</strong>лтий<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> янт<strong>а</strong>ря.<br />
Н<strong>о</strong> б<strong>о</strong>лее пл<strong>а</strong>н<strong>о</strong>мерн<strong>о</strong>е <strong>о</strong>пи<strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>ние и<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>п<strong>а</strong>емых<br />
<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>т<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong> н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых н<strong>а</strong>ч<strong>а</strong>л<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ь лишь <strong>с</strong><br />
20-х г<strong>о</strong>д<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong> пр<strong>о</strong>шл<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>, причем пер<strong>в</strong>ые р<strong>а</strong>б<strong>о</strong>ты<br />
были п<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong>ящены третичным и мез<strong>о</strong>з<strong>о</strong>й<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>им<br />
ф<strong>а</strong>ун<strong>а</strong>м. Т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ы <strong>о</strong>пи<strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>ния е<strong>в</strong>р<strong>о</strong>пей<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их<br />
третичных н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых Ту<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>эн<strong>а</strong> де Серре (Toussaint<br />
de Serres, 1829), д<strong>а</strong>лее Геер<strong>а</strong> (Heer,<br />
1847—1860), Г<strong>а</strong>ген<strong>а</strong> (Hagen, 1854, 1862),<br />
К. Г<strong>а</strong>йден<strong>а</strong> и Л. Г<strong>а</strong>йден (С. Heyden, L. Неу-<br />
ОБЩАЯ ЧАСТЬ<br />
(Б. Б. Р<strong>о</strong>денд<strong>о</strong>рф)<br />
den, 1856—1870), н<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>нец, У<strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong> л э (Oustalet,<br />
1870, 1873, 1874). Примерн<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong> эт<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> же <strong>в</strong>ремени<br />
п<strong>о</strong> е<strong>в</strong>р<strong>о</strong>пей<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>им мез<strong>о</strong>з<strong>о</strong>й<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>им н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мым<br />
п<strong>о</strong>я<strong>в</strong>или<strong>с</strong>ь р<strong>а</strong>б<strong>о</strong>ты Герм<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong> (Germar, 1837,<br />
1839, 1842), Бр<strong>о</strong>ди (Brodie, 1845), Гибеля<br />
(Giebel, 1856) и д<strong>а</strong>лее Вейенберг<strong>а</strong> (Weyenbergh,<br />
1869, 1874) и Онпенгейм<strong>а</strong> (Oppenheim,<br />
1885, 1888).<br />
Пер<strong>в</strong>ые п<strong>а</strong>ле<strong>о</strong>з<strong>о</strong>й<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>ие н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мые <strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>ли изуч<strong>а</strong>ть<strong>с</strong>я<br />
лишь <strong>с</strong> <strong>с</strong>ередины XIX <strong>в</strong>. Г<strong>о</strong>льденберг<strong>о</strong>м<br />
(Goldenberg, 1854, 1873, 1877). Б<strong>о</strong>лее интен<strong>с</strong>и<strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong><br />
дре<strong>в</strong>ние н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мые <strong>о</strong>пи<strong>с</strong>ы<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ли<strong>с</strong>ь <strong>к</strong><br />
<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>нцу <strong>в</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong> С<strong>к</strong>еддер<strong>о</strong>м — из С. Амери<strong>к</strong>и (Scudder,<br />
1878, 1884, 1890), Вуд<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>рд<strong>о</strong>м (Woodward,<br />
1887) и <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бенн<strong>о</strong> Бр<strong>о</strong>ньяр<strong>о</strong>м — из 3. Е<strong>в</strong>р<strong>о</strong>пы<br />
(Brongniart, 1885, 1893).<br />
Ит<strong>о</strong>ги р<strong>а</strong>б<strong>о</strong>т пр<strong>о</strong>шл<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong> были п<strong>о</strong>д<strong>в</strong>едены<br />
<strong>о</strong>чень <strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>жными и<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ниями Г<strong>а</strong>ндлирш<strong>а</strong><br />
(Handlirsch, 1904, 1906, 1908, 1919,<br />
1925); <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>ленн<strong>а</strong>я им м<strong>о</strong>н<strong>о</strong>гр<strong>а</strong>фия н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых<br />
<strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ех ф<strong>а</strong>ун пр<strong>о</strong>шл<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> Земли д<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong>их п<strong>о</strong>р<br />
я<strong>в</strong>ляет<strong>с</strong>я <strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>жнейшей <strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>д<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>й, з<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>люч<strong>а</strong>ющей<br />
<strong>о</strong>пи<strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>ния и из<strong>о</strong>бр<strong>а</strong>жения п<strong>а</strong>ле<strong>о</strong>з<strong>о</strong>й<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их и мез<strong>о</strong>з<strong>о</strong>й<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их<br />
н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых и п<strong>о</strong>лный <strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>т<strong>а</strong>л<strong>о</strong>г <strong>о</strong>пи<strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>нных<br />
<strong>к</strong> т<strong>о</strong>му <strong>в</strong>ремени <strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>йн<strong>о</strong>з<strong>о</strong>й<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их <strong>в</strong>ид<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>.<br />
И<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ния Г<strong>а</strong>ндлирш<strong>а</strong> <strong>с</strong>тимулир<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ли б<strong>о</strong>лее<br />
интен<strong>с</strong>и<strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong>е р<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong>итие п<strong>а</strong>лэнт<strong>о</strong>м<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>гиче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их<br />
и<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ний <strong>в</strong> 3. Е<strong>в</strong>р<strong>о</strong>пе, н<strong>а</strong>пример,<br />
р<strong>а</strong>б<strong>о</strong>ты* Б<strong>о</strong>лт<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong> п<strong>о</strong> п<strong>а</strong>ле<strong>о</strong>з<strong>о</strong>й<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>им н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мым<br />
(Botton, 1911, 1925) или Менье — п<strong>о</strong> третичным<br />
(Meunier, 1899—1910) и. <strong>в</strong> С. Амери<strong>к</strong>е,<br />
н<strong>а</strong>пример, Селл<strong>а</strong>рд<strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong> — п<strong>о</strong> перм<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>им (Sellards,<br />
1909) или К<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>ерелл<strong>а</strong> и других и<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>телей<br />
— п<strong>о</strong> третичным ф<strong>а</strong>ун<strong>а</strong>м (Cockerell,<br />
1906—1915).<br />
29<br />
http://jurassic.ru/
Change language