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Н<strong>а</strong>иб<strong>о</strong>лее <strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>жн<strong>а</strong>я ч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>ть —их <strong>о</strong>п<strong>о</strong>рный<br />
<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>елет — т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong> н<strong>а</strong>зы<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ем<strong>о</strong>е жил<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ние: <strong>с</strong>и<strong>с</strong>тем<strong>а</strong><br />
<strong>в</strong>ет<strong>в</strong>ящих<strong>с</strong>я труб<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>, н<strong>а</strong>п<strong>о</strong>лненных у жи<strong>в</strong>ых н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых<br />
гем<strong>о</strong>лимф<strong>о</strong>й. Эти труб<strong>к</strong>и-жил<strong>к</strong>и р<strong>а</strong>зличн<strong>о</strong><br />
р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>а</strong>г<strong>а</strong>ют<strong>с</strong>я н<strong>а</strong> пл<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>тин<strong>к</strong>е <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong>; их<br />
р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>жение <strong>о</strong>бу<strong>с</strong>л<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>лен<strong>о</strong> не<strong>о</strong>бх<strong>о</strong>дим<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тью<br />
мех<strong>а</strong>ниче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> у<strong>к</strong>репления р<strong>а</strong>зличных уч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><br />
<strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>й пл<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>тин<strong>к</strong>и, <strong>в</strong> <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рых при<br />
<strong>в</strong>зм<strong>а</strong>хе <strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>зни<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>ют <strong>с</strong>ильные н<strong>а</strong>пряжения. Для<br />
н<strong>а</strong>ших целей не<strong>о</strong>бх<strong>о</strong>дим<strong>о</strong> лишь <strong>о</strong>тметить н<strong>а</strong>блюд<strong>а</strong>ющую<strong>с</strong>я<br />
<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>имметрию <strong>в</strong> р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>жении<br />
жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong> н<strong>а</strong> пл<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>тин<strong>к</strong>е <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong>. Жил<strong>к</strong>и н<strong>а</strong> передней<br />
п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ине <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong> близ ег<strong>о</strong> переднег<strong>о</strong> <strong>к</strong>р<strong>а</strong>я,<br />
леж<strong>а</strong>т <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ем ин<strong>а</strong>че, чем н<strong>а</strong> з<strong>а</strong>дней. У передней<br />
<strong>к</strong>р<strong>о</strong>м<strong>к</strong>и <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong> жил<strong>к</strong>и <strong>о</strong>чень ч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong>ближ<strong>а</strong>ют<strong>с</strong>я,<br />
ин<strong>о</strong>гд<strong>а</strong> ут<strong>о</strong>лщ<strong>а</strong>ют<strong>с</strong>я, чт<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>бу<strong>с</strong>л<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ли<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ет<br />
<strong>с</strong>ильн<strong>о</strong>е у<strong>к</strong>репление переднег<strong>о</strong> <strong>к</strong>р<strong>а</strong>я п<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>нению<br />
<strong>с</strong> з<strong>а</strong>дним. Эт<strong>о</strong>т пр<strong>о</strong>це<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong> н<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ит н<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ние<br />
<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>лиз<strong>а</strong>ции, и ег<strong>о</strong> р<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong>итие <strong>о</strong>тр<strong>а</strong>ж<strong>а</strong>ет<br />
б<strong>о</strong>льшую или меньшую <strong>с</strong>тепень при<strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бления<br />
<strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong> <strong>к</strong> <strong>с</strong>ильн<strong>о</strong>му и бы<strong>с</strong>тр<strong>о</strong>му п<strong>о</strong>лету.<br />
Х<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>тер <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>лиз<strong>а</strong>ции р<strong>а</strong>зличен у р<strong>а</strong>зных н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых.<br />
Отдельные жил<strong>к</strong>и <strong>о</strong>бъединяют<strong>с</strong>я <strong>в</strong> <strong>о</strong>пределенные<br />
<strong>с</strong>и<strong>с</strong>темы жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>, н<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ящие <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бые н<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ния<br />
(ри<strong>с</strong>. 19). Н<strong>а</strong> переднем <strong>к</strong>р<strong>а</strong>е <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong><br />
р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>а</strong>г<strong>а</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>я т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong> н<strong>а</strong>зы<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ем<strong>а</strong>я <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>льн<strong>а</strong>я<br />
жил<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>, или <strong>к</strong> <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т <strong>а</strong> (С). В гр<strong>о</strong>м<strong>а</strong>дн<strong>о</strong>м б<strong>о</strong>льшин<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>е<br />
<strong>с</strong>луч<strong>а</strong>е<strong>в</strong> <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>льн<strong>а</strong>я жил<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong> имеет<strong>с</strong>я <strong>в</strong><br />
един<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>енн<strong>о</strong>м чи<strong>с</strong>ле; п<strong>о</strong> <strong>к</strong>р<strong>а</strong>ю <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong> <strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong> ч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong><br />
<strong>о</strong>бх<strong>о</strong>дит <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>е <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>о</strong> <strong>к</strong>руг<strong>о</strong>м, д<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong>й ег<strong>о</strong><br />
ч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>ти. Ин<strong>о</strong>гд<strong>а</strong> <strong>в</strong> <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong>й ч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>ти передней<br />
<strong>к</strong>р<strong>о</strong>м<strong>к</strong>и <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong>, <strong>в</strong>переди <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>льн<strong>о</strong>й жил<strong>к</strong>и, р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>а</strong>г<strong>а</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>я<br />
<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>б<strong>о</strong>е п<strong>о</strong>ле <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong>, н<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ящее н<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ние<br />
пре<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>льн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> и не<strong>с</strong>ущее <strong>о</strong>дну<br />
или не<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>ль<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong> пре<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>льных жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong><br />
(PC). Пре<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>льные жил<strong>к</strong>и р<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong>иты у <strong>о</strong>чень<br />
немн<strong>о</strong>гих групп н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых — у дре<strong>в</strong>них <strong>с</strong>тре<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>з,<br />
не<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рых прям<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рылых. Сз<strong>а</strong>ди <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>льн<strong>о</strong>й<br />
жил<strong>к</strong>и р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>а</strong>г<strong>а</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>я <strong>с</strong>уб<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>льн<strong>а</strong>я<br />
жил<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>, или <strong>с</strong>уб<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong> (SC), <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>р<strong>а</strong>я <strong>в</strong>ет<strong>в</strong>ит<strong>с</strong>я<br />
у примити<strong>в</strong>ных н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых (т<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>, р<strong>а</strong>зличных<br />
прям<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рылых, <strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>рпи<strong>о</strong>нниц и др.) и,<br />
<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong> пр<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>ил<strong>о</strong>, я<strong>в</strong>ляет<strong>с</strong>я пр<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>й, не<strong>в</strong>ет<strong>в</strong>ящей<strong>с</strong>я<br />
у б<strong>о</strong>льшин<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong> других групп. Следующ<strong>а</strong>я групп<strong>а</strong><br />
жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong> н<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ит н<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ние р<strong>а</strong>ди<strong>а</strong>льных (R).<br />
Эти жил<strong>к</strong>и <strong>о</strong>бр<strong>а</strong>зуют <strong>о</strong>бширную <strong>с</strong>и<strong>с</strong>тему мн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>р<strong>а</strong>тн<strong>о</strong><br />
<strong>в</strong>ет<strong>в</strong>ящих<strong>с</strong>я <strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>, ч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong> з<strong>а</strong>ним<strong>а</strong>я<br />
б<strong>о</strong>льшую ч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>ть передней п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ины <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ей пл<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>тин<strong>к</strong>и<br />
<strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong>. Ч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>ть р<strong>а</strong>ди<strong>а</strong>льных жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>, р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>женных<br />
<strong>с</strong>з<strong>а</strong>ди <strong>о</strong>т их передней <strong>в</strong>ет<strong>в</strong>и и <strong>о</strong>бл<strong>а</strong>д<strong>а</strong>ющих<br />
<strong>о</strong>бщим <strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>м, ин<strong>о</strong>гд<strong>а</strong> рез<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>б<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бленным,<br />
н<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ит н<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ние р<strong>а</strong>ди<strong>а</strong>льн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><br />
<strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong>т<strong>о</strong>р<strong>а</strong> (RS). Следующей <strong>с</strong>и<strong>с</strong>тем<strong>о</strong>й жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong><br />
я<strong>в</strong>ляют<strong>с</strong>я меди<strong>а</strong>льньге жил<strong>к</strong>и, ин<strong>о</strong>гд<strong>а</strong><br />
н<strong>а</strong>зы<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>емые <strong>в</strong> цел<strong>о</strong>м меди<strong>а</strong>н<strong>о</strong>й (М). Обычн<strong>о</strong><br />
эти жил<strong>к</strong>и п<strong>о</strong>др<strong>а</strong>зделяют<strong>с</strong>я н<strong>а</strong> д<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong> <strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>л<strong>а</strong><br />
— передний и з<strong>а</strong>дний, <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>в</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>енн<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>б<strong>о</strong>-<br />
3 О<strong>с</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ы п<strong>а</strong>ле<strong>о</strong>нт<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>гии. Члени<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>о</strong>гие<br />
зн<strong>а</strong>ч<strong>а</strong>емые <strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong> передняя (МА) и з<strong>а</strong>дняя (MP)<br />
меди<strong>а</strong>льные жил<strong>к</strong>и. Эти жил<strong>к</strong>и р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>а</strong>г<strong>а</strong>ют<strong>с</strong>я<br />
примерн<strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong> <strong>с</strong>редней ч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>ти <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong> и делят<strong>с</strong>я н<strong>а</strong><br />
мн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong>ет<strong>в</strong>ей. З<strong>а</strong>дние <strong>с</strong>и<strong>с</strong>темы жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong> н<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ят н<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ния<br />
<strong>к</strong>убит<strong>а</strong>льных (Си) и <strong>а</strong>н<strong>а</strong>льных<br />
(А) жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>. У<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>з<strong>а</strong>нные жил<strong>к</strong>и, <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рые т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>же<br />
м<strong>о</strong>гут быть мн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ет<strong>в</strong>и<strong>с</strong>тыми, <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>в</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>енн<strong>о</strong><br />
<strong>о</strong>б<strong>о</strong>зн<strong>а</strong>ч<strong>а</strong>ют<strong>с</strong>я <strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong> CuA, CuP, Аь А2, A3<br />
и т. д. П<strong>о</strong>з<strong>а</strong>ди <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ех <strong>о</strong>пи<strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>нных <strong>с</strong>и<strong>с</strong>тем жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong> н<strong>а</strong><br />
<strong>к</strong>рыльях н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рылы'х н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых <strong>о</strong>бычн<strong>о</strong> при<strong>с</strong>ут<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>уют<br />
еще <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бые юг<strong>а</strong>льные жил<strong>к</strong>и<br />
(Ju).<br />
Пр<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тр<strong>а</strong>н<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong> переп<strong>о</strong>н<strong>к</strong>и <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong>, лишенные<br />
жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>, н<strong>а</strong>зы<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ют<strong>с</strong>я ячей<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>ми, <strong>о</strong>б<strong>о</strong>зн<strong>а</strong>ч<strong>а</strong>емыми,<br />
<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong> пр<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>ил<strong>о</strong>, п<strong>о</strong> жил<strong>к</strong>е, <strong>о</strong>гр<strong>а</strong>ничи<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ющей<br />
ячей<strong>к</strong>у <strong>с</strong>переди, реже — п<strong>о</strong> п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>жению.<br />
Между <strong>о</strong>пи<strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>нными <strong>с</strong>и<strong>с</strong>тем<strong>а</strong>ми жил<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong> р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>а</strong>г<strong>а</strong>ют<strong>с</strong>я<br />
еще т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong> н<strong>а</strong>зы<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>емые п<strong>о</strong>перечные<br />
жил<strong>к</strong>и, <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рые <strong>в</strong> <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>е имеют <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ем ин<strong>о</strong>е<br />
пр<strong>о</strong>и<strong>с</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждение, шляя<strong>с</strong>ь пр<strong>о</strong>из<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>дным <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>б<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><br />
<strong>с</strong>етч<strong>а</strong>т<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> жил<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ния пер<strong>в</strong>ичных <strong>к</strong>рылье<strong>в</strong><br />
дре<strong>в</strong>них н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых — т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong> н<strong>а</strong>зы<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ем<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> <strong>а</strong> р х ед<br />
и <strong>к</strong> т и я (ри<strong>с</strong>. 41).<br />
Археди<strong>к</strong>тий <strong>в</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>ем пер<strong>в</strong>ичн<strong>о</strong>м <strong>в</strong>иде м<strong>о</strong>жн<strong>о</strong><br />
н<strong>а</strong>блюд<strong>а</strong>ть <strong>в</strong> <strong>к</strong>рыльях дре<strong>в</strong>них <strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>менн<strong>о</strong>уг<strong>о</strong>льных<br />
п<strong>а</strong>ле<strong>о</strong>ди<strong>к</strong>ти<strong>о</strong>птер, прям<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рылых и<br />
т<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>; <strong>в</strong> д<strong>а</strong>льнейшей э<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>люции жил<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ния<br />
<strong>к</strong>рылье<strong>в</strong> <strong>а</strong>рхеди<strong>к</strong>тий пре<strong>в</strong>р<strong>а</strong>щ<strong>а</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>я <strong>в</strong> п<strong>о</strong>перечные<br />
жил<strong>к</strong>и.<br />
О<strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>б<strong>о</strong>е зн<strong>а</strong>чение имеет п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>жение <strong>к</strong>рылье<strong>в</strong><br />
<strong>в</strong> п<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>е н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>м<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>тн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ительн<strong>о</strong> ег<strong>о</strong> тел<strong>а</strong>.<br />
Эт<strong>а</strong> черт<strong>а</strong> н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых <strong>о</strong>тр<strong>а</strong>ж<strong>а</strong>ет при<strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бление<br />
<strong>к</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ершенн<strong>о</strong>му п<strong>о</strong>лету, <strong>с</strong> <strong>о</strong>дн<strong>о</strong>й <strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>р<strong>о</strong>ны,<br />
и при<strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бление <strong>к</strong> <strong>о</strong>бит<strong>а</strong>нию <strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>я<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> р<strong>о</strong>д<strong>а</strong><br />
у<strong>к</strong>рытых, те<strong>с</strong>ных ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>х, <strong>с</strong> друг<strong>о</strong>й. У дре<strong>в</strong>не<strong>к</strong>рылых<br />
н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых <strong>в</strong> их и<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>риче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>м р<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong>итии<br />
<strong>о</strong>чень р<strong>а</strong>н<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>ли <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ершен<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ть<strong>с</strong>я лет<strong>а</strong>тельные<br />
при<strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бления: <strong>к</strong>рылья их у<strong>в</strong>еличили<strong>с</strong>ь,<br />
и <strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ть <strong>к</strong> бы<strong>с</strong>тр<strong>о</strong>му <strong>в</strong>зм<strong>а</strong>ху <strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>л<strong>а</strong><br />
лег<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>уще<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>им<strong>о</strong>й <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>ие п<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>янн<strong>о</strong>й<br />
мех<strong>а</strong>ниче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>й г<strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ти <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong> <strong>к</strong> д<strong>в</strong>ижению.<br />
Крылья у дре<strong>в</strong>не<strong>к</strong>рылых <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>егд<strong>а</strong> н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>дят<strong>с</strong>я <strong>в</strong><br />
р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>пр<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>терт<strong>о</strong>м <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>янии, будучи <strong>о</strong>т<strong>в</strong>еденными<br />
<strong>в</strong> <strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>р<strong>о</strong>ны <strong>о</strong>т тел<strong>а</strong>. Ин<strong>о</strong>е н<strong>а</strong>блюд<strong>а</strong>л<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ь у<br />
пер<strong>в</strong>ичных н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рылых н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых, <strong>в</strong> ч<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>тн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ти<br />
у т<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>; у них <strong>о</strong>чень р<strong>а</strong>н<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>ли р<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong>и<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ть<strong>с</strong>я<br />
при<strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бления <strong>к</strong> жизни <strong>в</strong> у<strong>к</strong>рытых,<br />
те<strong>с</strong>ньгх ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>бит<strong>а</strong>ниях, их <strong>к</strong>рылья при<strong>о</strong>брели<br />
<strong>с</strong>п<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ть <strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>л<strong>а</strong>ды<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ть<strong>с</strong>я <strong>в</strong>д<strong>о</strong>ль тел<strong>а</strong>; р<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong>или<strong>с</strong>ь<br />
<strong>с</strong>л<strong>о</strong>жные <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>членения <strong>к</strong>рылье<strong>в</strong> <strong>с</strong> грудным<br />
<strong>о</strong>тдел<strong>о</strong>м, <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>в</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>енный <strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>елетный и<br />
мышечный <strong>а</strong>пп<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong>т; н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>м<strong>о</strong>е п<strong>о</strong>лучил<strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>зм<strong>о</strong>жн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ть<br />
у<strong>к</strong>ры<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ть<strong>с</strong>я <strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>я<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> р<strong>о</strong>д<strong>а</strong> те<strong>с</strong>ных<br />
пр<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тр<strong>а</strong>н<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>х (щелях п<strong>о</strong>ч<strong>в</strong>ы, п<strong>о</strong>д <strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>мнями,<br />
между р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>тениями).<br />
З<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>люч<strong>а</strong>я р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>м<strong>о</strong>трение <strong>к</strong>рылье<strong>в</strong> н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых,<br />
<strong>с</strong>ледует еще у<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>з<strong>а</strong>ть н<strong>а</strong> их р<strong>а</strong>змеры и<br />
п<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>жение <strong>в</strong> п<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>е <strong>о</strong>тн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ительн<strong>о</strong> тел<strong>а</strong>. У дре<strong>в</strong>-<br />
33<br />
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