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СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ЧАСТЬ<br />
ПОДКЛАСС APTERYGOTA. ПЕРВИЧНОБЕСКРЫЛЫЕ'<br />
Мел<strong>к</strong>ие н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мые: 0,2—15 мм <strong>в</strong> длину,<br />
ред<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong> 40 мм. Крылья <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>егд<strong>а</strong> <strong>о</strong>т<strong>с</strong>ут<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>уют;<br />
члени<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong> л<strong>а</strong>п<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong> три и меньше. Н<strong>а</strong> пер<strong>в</strong>ых<br />
<strong>с</strong>егмент<strong>а</strong>х брюш<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong> <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>егд<strong>а</strong> п<strong>а</strong>рные или неп<strong>а</strong>рные<br />
(<strong>с</strong>р<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>шие<strong>с</strong>я) прид<strong>а</strong>т<strong>к</strong>и <strong>в</strong> <strong>в</strong>иде меш<strong>о</strong>ч<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>,<br />
<strong>с</strong>тержень<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong> или рудимент<strong>а</strong>рных н<strong>о</strong>же<strong>к</strong>.<br />
Мет<strong>а</strong>м<strong>о</strong>рф<strong>о</strong>з неп<strong>о</strong>лный или <strong>о</strong>т<strong>с</strong>ут<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>ует.<br />
Жи<strong>в</strong>ут <strong>с</strong>реди р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>тений (<strong>в</strong> тр<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>е, <strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong> мху и т. д.);<br />
<strong>в</strong> земле, п<strong>о</strong>д <strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>мнями, п<strong>о</strong>д <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>р<strong>о</strong>й гнилых пней,<br />
не<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рые ф<strong>о</strong>рмы — <strong>в</strong> <strong>о</strong>т<strong>с</strong>ыре<strong>в</strong>ших ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>х д<strong>о</strong>м<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>,<br />
мур<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>ейни<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>х, н<strong>а</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>л<strong>а</strong>х. Пит<strong>а</strong>ют<strong>с</strong>я р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>тительными<br />
<strong>в</strong>еще<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ми (пле<strong>с</strong>енью, грибным<br />
мицелием, лиш<strong>а</strong>йни<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>ми, ин<strong>о</strong>гд<strong>а</strong> т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>же т<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>нями<br />
<strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>уди<strong>с</strong>тых р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>тений, гниющими р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>тительными<br />
<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>т<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>ми).<br />
(О. М. М<strong>а</strong>ртын<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>)<br />
В и<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>п<strong>а</strong>ем<strong>о</strong>м <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>янии <strong>о</strong>чень ред<strong>к</strong>и. Лучше<br />
<strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ег<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>ни из<strong>в</strong>е<strong>с</strong>тны из янт<strong>а</strong>ря Приб<strong>а</strong>лти<strong>к</strong>и,<br />
<strong>о</strong>т<strong>к</strong>уд<strong>а</strong> был<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>пи<strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>н<strong>о</strong> неб<strong>о</strong>льш<strong>о</strong>е чи<strong>с</strong>л<strong>о</strong> ф<strong>о</strong>рм.<br />
Отряды Protura, Collembola и Diplura близ<strong>к</strong>и<br />
<strong>к</strong> мн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong>н<strong>о</strong>ж<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>м, и лишь Thysanura и Monura<br />
р<strong>о</strong>д<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>енны <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong>тым н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мым. Не<strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>мненн<strong>о</strong>,<br />
чт<strong>о</strong> тиз<strong>а</strong>нур<strong>о</strong>п<strong>о</strong>д<strong>о</strong>бные ф<strong>о</strong>рмы д<strong>а</strong>ли н<strong>а</strong>ч<strong>а</strong>л<strong>о</strong><br />
<strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ем <strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>а</strong>тым н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мым <strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong> <strong>с</strong> п<strong>о</strong>лным, т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><br />
и <strong>с</strong> неп<strong>о</strong>лным пре<strong>в</strong>р<strong>а</strong>щением. Кр<strong>о</strong>ме Protura,<br />
<strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>е другие <strong>о</strong>тряды пер<strong>в</strong>ичн<strong>о</strong>бе<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>рылых н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых<br />
<strong>о</strong>бн<strong>а</strong>ружены <strong>в</strong> и<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>п<strong>а</strong>ем<strong>о</strong>м <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>янии. Де<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>н<br />
— ныне. Пять <strong>о</strong>тряд<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>: Collembola, Protura,<br />
Diplura, Thysanura, Monura.<br />
ОТРЯД COLLEMBOLA. НОГОХВОСТКИ<br />
Р<strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ые <strong>о</strong>рг<strong>а</strong>ны <strong>в</strong>тянуты <strong>в</strong>нутрь г<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ы;<br />
члени<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong> <strong>а</strong>нтенн четыре-пять; гл<strong>а</strong>з<strong>к</strong>и пр<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тые.<br />
Л<strong>а</strong>п<strong>к</strong>и <strong>о</strong>дн<strong>о</strong>члени<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ые, <strong>с</strong> <strong>о</strong>дним <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong>т<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>м.<br />
Брюш<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong> из ше<strong>с</strong>ти <strong>с</strong>егмент<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>; н<strong>а</strong> пер<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>м<br />
<strong>с</strong>егменте п<strong>а</strong>рный <strong>в</strong>ыр<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т или <strong>с</strong>р<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ший<strong>с</strong>я, <strong>в</strong>тяги<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ющий<strong>с</strong>я<br />
меш<strong>о</strong>че<strong>к</strong>; н<strong>а</strong> пят<strong>о</strong>м <strong>с</strong>егменте у<br />
прыг<strong>а</strong>ющих н<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong>х<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong> прыг<strong>а</strong>тельн<strong>а</strong>я <strong>в</strong>ил<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>;<br />
цер<strong>к</strong>и <strong>о</strong>т<strong>с</strong>ут<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>уют. Длин<strong>а</strong> тел<strong>а</strong> 0,2—10 мм.<br />
Де<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>н — ныне. Д<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong> п<strong>о</strong>д<strong>о</strong>тряд<strong>а</strong>: Arthropleona,<br />
Symphypleona.<br />
1<br />
В н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>ящее <strong>в</strong>ремя ряд з<strong>а</strong>рубежных и <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ет<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их<br />
энт<strong>о</strong>м<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong> предл<strong>а</strong>г<strong>а</strong>ют р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>м<strong>а</strong>три<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ть Protura, Collembola<br />
и Diplura, <strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>м<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>ятельные <strong>к</strong>л<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>ы. А<strong>в</strong>т<strong>о</strong>р<br />
45<br />
ПОДОТРЯД ARTHROPLEONA.<br />
ЧЛЕНИСТОБРЮХИЕ<br />
Тел<strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong>ытянут<strong>о</strong>е, цилиндриче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>е; грудные<br />
и брюшные <strong>с</strong>егменты <strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>б<strong>о</strong>дные, не<strong>с</strong>р<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>шие<strong>с</strong>я.<br />
Де<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>н — ныне. Три н<strong>а</strong>д<strong>с</strong>емей<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>: Poduromorpha,<br />
Protentomobryomorpha, Entomobryomorpha.<br />
при<strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>единяет<strong>с</strong>я <strong>к</strong> эт<strong>о</strong>й т<strong>о</strong><strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>е зрения, <strong>о</strong>дн<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong> р<strong>а</strong>ди уд<strong>о</strong>б<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong><br />
изл<strong>о</strong>жения и ди<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>у<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>и<strong>о</strong>нн<strong>о</strong>е <strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>пр<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>хр<strong>а</strong>няет<br />
<strong>в</strong> н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>ящей р<strong>а</strong>б<strong>о</strong>те <strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>рую <strong>к</strong>л<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>ифи<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>цию Apterygota.<br />
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