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<strong>к</strong>рылых (Coleoptera) и д<strong>в</strong>у<strong>к</strong>рылых (Diptera).<br />
Среди этих <strong>о</strong>тряд<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong> уже н<strong>а</strong>чин<strong>а</strong>ют п<strong>о</strong>я<strong>в</strong>лять<strong>с</strong>я<br />
<strong>с</strong>емей<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>, д<strong>о</strong>жи<strong>в</strong>шие и д<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ременн<strong>о</strong>й эп<strong>о</strong>хи,<br />
<strong>о</strong>дн<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>бщий <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong> <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ей ф<strong>а</strong>уны <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бый: <strong>в</strong>ымерших<br />
юр<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их <strong>с</strong>емей<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong> б<strong>о</strong>льше <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ег<strong>о</strong>. Впер<strong>в</strong>ые<br />
<strong>в</strong> юре п<strong>о</strong>я<strong>в</strong>ляют<strong>с</strong>я переп<strong>о</strong>нч<strong>а</strong>т<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рылые (Нутеnoptera).<br />
Ве<strong>с</strong>ьм<strong>а</strong> х<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>терн<strong>о</strong> для юр<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>й ф<strong>а</strong>уны<br />
р<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong>итие <strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>е<strong>о</strong>бр<strong>а</strong>зных <strong>к</strong>рупных р<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рылых<br />
Palaeontinidae, <strong>в</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>е <strong>в</strong>ремя <strong>о</strong>шиб<strong>о</strong>чн<strong>о</strong><br />
приним<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>ших<strong>с</strong>я з<strong>а</strong> б<strong>а</strong>б<strong>о</strong>че<strong>к</strong>. Эти гр<strong>о</strong>м<strong>а</strong>дные<br />
ци<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>д<strong>о</strong>п<strong>о</strong>д<strong>о</strong>бные н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мые я<strong>в</strong>ляют<strong>с</strong>я я<strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong><br />
«ру<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>дящими» и<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>п<strong>а</strong>емыми для <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ех юр<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их<br />
ф<strong>а</strong>уни<strong>с</strong>тиче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мпле<strong>к</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>. Среди дре<strong>в</strong>не<strong>к</strong>рылых<br />
<strong>с</strong>ледует <strong>о</strong>тметить п<strong>о</strong>я<strong>в</strong>ление <strong>в</strong> юре<br />
н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>ящих п<strong>о</strong>ден<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>, х<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>теризующих<strong>с</strong>я гетер<strong>о</strong>н<strong>о</strong>мией<br />
<strong>к</strong>рылье<strong>в</strong> (нер<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рыл<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тью), б<strong>о</strong>г<strong>а</strong>т<strong>о</strong>е<br />
р<strong>а</strong>з<strong>в</strong>итие п<strong>о</strong>д<strong>о</strong>тряд<strong>а</strong> <strong>с</strong>тре<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>з Anisozygoptera<br />
(ныне <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>хр<strong>а</strong>ни<strong>в</strong>шег<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>я лишь <strong>в</strong> чи<strong>с</strong>ле <strong>о</strong>дн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><br />
рели<strong>к</strong>т<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> р<strong>о</strong>д<strong>а</strong> <strong>в</strong> Азии) и п<strong>о</strong>я<strong>в</strong>ление н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong>,<br />
ныне шир<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong> р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>пр<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тр<strong>а</strong>ненн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> п<strong>о</strong>д<strong>о</strong>тряд<strong>а</strong><br />
Anisoptera.<br />
Мел<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>я ф<strong>а</strong>ун<strong>а</strong> изучен<strong>а</strong> зн<strong>а</strong>чительн<strong>о</strong> меньше<br />
юр<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>й и д<strong>а</strong>же три<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>й: <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ег<strong>о</strong> из<strong>в</strong>е<strong>с</strong>тн<strong>о</strong><br />
<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong> де<strong>с</strong>ят<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong> ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждений <strong>в</strong> 3. Сибири,<br />
П<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>лжье и 3. К<strong>а</strong>з<strong>а</strong>х<strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>не (р. Эмб<strong>а</strong>), где<br />
н<strong>а</strong>йдены единичные <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>т<strong>к</strong>и мел<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>й ф<strong>а</strong>уны.<br />
З<strong>а</strong>рубежные ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждения мел<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ых н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых<br />
<strong>в</strong> 3. Е<strong>в</strong>р<strong>о</strong>пе, С. Амери<strong>к</strong>е и Кит<strong>а</strong>е т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>же<br />
д<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong>их п<strong>о</strong>р изучены <strong>о</strong>чень м<strong>а</strong>л<strong>о</strong> и не м<strong>о</strong>гут <strong>с</strong><br />
д<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ерн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тью и миним<strong>а</strong>льн<strong>о</strong>й п<strong>о</strong>лн<strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>й <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong>етить<br />
<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бенн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ти ф<strong>а</strong>уны. Одн<strong>о</strong> из ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждений<br />
н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых эт<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>зр<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>, <strong>о</strong>т<strong>к</strong>рыт<strong>о</strong>е <strong>в</strong><br />
п<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ледние де<strong>с</strong>ятилетия, п<strong>о</strong>з<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>ляет н<strong>а</strong>деять<strong>с</strong>я<br />
н<strong>а</strong> п<strong>о</strong>лучение интере<strong>с</strong>ных <strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong>едений: т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong> <strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>н<strong>а</strong>д<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>е<br />
ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждение мел<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> янт<strong>а</strong>ря<br />
Сидэрлэй<strong>к</strong> (Cedar Lake); <strong>о</strong>дн<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>зр<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>т эт<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><br />
янт<strong>а</strong>ря <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>в</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>ует <strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>мым <strong>в</strong>ерх<strong>а</strong>м мел<strong>а</strong>, гр<strong>а</strong>нич<strong>а</strong>щим<br />
<strong>с</strong> п<strong>а</strong>ле<strong>о</strong>цен<strong>о</strong>м, и, т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>им <strong>о</strong>бр<strong>а</strong>з<strong>о</strong>м, <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>н<strong>а</strong>я<br />
т<strong>о</strong>лщ<strong>а</strong> <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ей <strong>с</strong>и<strong>с</strong>темы <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>я <strong>о</strong>чень<br />
м<strong>а</strong>л<strong>о</strong>изученн<strong>о</strong>й. Ф<strong>а</strong>ун<strong>а</strong> н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых мел<strong>а</strong> <strong>о</strong>тлич<strong>а</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>я<br />
<strong>о</strong>т юр<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их и х<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>теризует<strong>с</strong>я н<strong>а</strong>личием<br />
мн<strong>о</strong>гих н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ых групп, уже д<strong>о</strong>жи<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ющих д<strong>о</strong><br />
<strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ременн<strong>о</strong>й эп<strong>о</strong>хи. Т<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ы не<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рые <strong>с</strong>емей<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong><br />
д<strong>в</strong>у<strong>к</strong>рылых (Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae),<br />
<strong>с</strong>етч<strong>а</strong>т<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рылых (Psychopseidae), <strong>в</strong>ер<strong>о</strong>ятн<strong>о</strong>,<br />
мн<strong>о</strong>гих же<strong>с</strong>т<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рылых. П<strong>о</strong>-<strong>в</strong>идим<strong>о</strong>му, <strong>в</strong> мелу<br />
чи<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong> юр<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>ие группы р<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong>рылых уже <strong>о</strong>т<strong>с</strong>ут<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>уют.<br />
Третичн<strong>а</strong>я ф<strong>а</strong>ун<strong>а</strong> н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых н<strong>а</strong>иб<strong>о</strong>лее п<strong>о</strong>лн<strong>о</strong><br />
пред<strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>лен<strong>а</strong> <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>лле<strong>к</strong>циями <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>т<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong> их <strong>в</strong><br />
музеях мир<strong>а</strong>. Мн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong>чи<strong>с</strong>ленные ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждения<br />
третичных н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых <strong>о</strong>бн<strong>а</strong>ружены н<strong>а</strong> <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ех<br />
м<strong>а</strong>тери<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>х, <strong>в</strong> т<strong>о</strong>м чи<strong>с</strong>ле и н<strong>а</strong> террит<strong>о</strong>рии СССР.<br />
У<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>жем прежде <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ег<strong>о</strong> н<strong>а</strong> ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждения<br />
б<strong>а</strong>лтий<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> янт<strong>а</strong>ря, <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рые из<strong>в</strong>е<strong>с</strong>тны н<strong>а</strong> берег<strong>а</strong>х<br />
Б<strong>а</strong>лтий<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> м<strong>о</strong>ря <strong>в</strong> Лит<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>й ССР и <strong>в</strong><br />
К<strong>а</strong>линингр<strong>а</strong>д<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>й <strong>о</strong>бл., д<strong>а</strong>лее н<strong>а</strong> б<strong>о</strong>г<strong>а</strong>тые ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждения<br />
ми<strong>о</strong>цен<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ых н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых н<strong>а</strong><br />
С. К<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>зе (<strong>в</strong> Ст<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>р<strong>о</strong>п<strong>о</strong>лье), н<strong>а</strong> Тянь-Ш<strong>а</strong>не<br />
(<strong>в</strong> Ч<strong>о</strong>н-Тузе), <strong>в</strong> М<strong>о</strong>лд<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>й ССР, 3. У<strong>к</strong>р<strong>а</strong>ине<br />
и др. Мн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong>чи<strong>с</strong>ленны ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждения третичных<br />
н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых <strong>в</strong> 3. Е<strong>в</strong>р<strong>о</strong>пе, н.<strong>а</strong>пример, <strong>о</strong>лиг<strong>о</strong>цен<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ых<br />
н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых <strong>в</strong> Герм<strong>а</strong>нии (Р<strong>о</strong>тт),<br />
Фр<strong>а</strong>нции, Ш<strong>в</strong>ейц<strong>а</strong>рии, Ит<strong>а</strong>лии. Очень б<strong>о</strong>г<strong>а</strong>ты<br />
ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждение ми<strong>о</strong>цен<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ых н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых н<strong>а</strong><br />
з<strong>а</strong>п<strong>а</strong>де С. Амери<strong>к</strong>и (Фл<strong>о</strong>ри<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>нт) и мн<strong>о</strong>гие<br />
другие.<br />
Не<strong>с</strong>м<strong>о</strong>тря н<strong>а</strong> р<strong>а</strong>зн<strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>бр<strong>а</strong>зие и шир<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>е р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>пр<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тр<strong>а</strong>нение<br />
ме<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>н<strong>а</strong>х<strong>о</strong>ждений н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых<br />
третичн<strong>о</strong>й ф<strong>а</strong>уны, <strong>с</strong>тепень их изученн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ти еще<br />
<strong>о</strong>тн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ительн<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>чень не<strong>в</strong>ы<strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>. Причин<strong>а</strong> м<strong>а</strong>л<strong>о</strong>й<br />
и<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>нн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ти третичных н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых з<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>люч<strong>а</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>я<br />
<strong>в</strong> <strong>о</strong>тн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ительн<strong>о</strong> б<strong>о</strong>льш<strong>о</strong>й близ<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ти их <strong>к</strong><br />
<strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ременн<strong>о</strong>й ф<strong>а</strong>уне: эт<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>б<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>ятель<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong> требует<br />
<strong>в</strong>е<strong>с</strong>ьм<strong>а</strong> п<strong>о</strong>лных зн<strong>а</strong>ний ныне жи<strong>в</strong>ущих н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых<br />
и тем <strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>мым <strong>о</strong>пределяет <strong>о</strong>бяз<strong>а</strong>тельн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ть<br />
уз<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>й <strong>с</strong>пеци<strong>а</strong>лиз<strong>а</strong>ции и<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ний п<strong>а</strong>лэнт<strong>о</strong>м<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>,<br />
изуч<strong>а</strong>ющих третичных н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых.<br />
Д<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong>их п<strong>о</strong>р эт<strong>о</strong> треб<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ние п<strong>о</strong>чти не <strong>в</strong>ып<strong>о</strong>лнял<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ь,<br />
и третичных н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых изуч<strong>а</strong>ли и <strong>о</strong>пи<strong>с</strong>ы<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ли<br />
не<strong>с</strong>пеци<strong>а</strong>ли<strong>с</strong>ты. П<strong>о</strong>эт<strong>о</strong>му <strong>в</strong> гр<strong>о</strong>м<strong>а</strong>дн<strong>о</strong>м<br />
б<strong>о</strong>льшин<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>е р<strong>а</strong>б<strong>о</strong>ты п<strong>о</strong> 'н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мым третичн<strong>о</strong>й<br />
ф<strong>а</strong>уны нет<strong>о</strong>чны и требуют п<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong> <strong>к</strong>ритиче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><br />
пере<strong>с</strong>м<strong>о</strong>тр<strong>а</strong>. М<strong>о</strong>жн<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>з<strong>а</strong>ть, чт<strong>о</strong> эт<strong>о</strong>т<br />
р<strong>а</strong>здел п<strong>а</strong>лэнт<strong>о</strong>м<strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>гии н<strong>а</strong>иб<strong>о</strong>лее труд<strong>о</strong>ем<strong>о</strong><strong>к</strong><br />
и еще <strong>о</strong>чень м<strong>а</strong>л<strong>о</strong> р<strong>а</strong>зр<strong>а</strong>б<strong>о</strong>т<strong>а</strong>н. П<strong>о</strong>лн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тью х<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>териз<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ть<br />
третичных н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых з<strong>а</strong>труднительн<strong>о</strong>:<br />
<strong>о</strong>ни <strong>о</strong>тн<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>ительн<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>чень близ<strong>к</strong>и <strong>к</strong><br />
<strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ременным. М<strong>о</strong>жн<strong>о</strong> лишь <strong>в</strong> грубых черт<strong>а</strong>х<br />
у<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>з<strong>а</strong>ть, чт<strong>о</strong> <strong>в</strong> третичн<strong>о</strong>й ф<strong>а</strong>уне при<strong>с</strong>ут<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>уют<br />
п<strong>о</strong>чти <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>е <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ременные <strong>с</strong>емей<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong> <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ех <strong>о</strong>тряд<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>;<br />
<strong>в</strong>ымершие <strong>с</strong>емей<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong> <strong>о</strong>чень немн<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong>чи<strong>с</strong>ленны<br />
и для мн<strong>о</strong>гих групп неиз<strong>в</strong>е<strong>с</strong>тны <strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>е. Ср<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>ни<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>я<br />
ф<strong>а</strong>уны п<strong>а</strong>ле<strong>о</strong>ген<strong>а</strong> <strong>с</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ременн<strong>о</strong>й, м<strong>о</strong>жн<strong>о</strong><br />
<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>з<strong>а</strong>ть, чт<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong>бые <strong>в</strong>ымершие п<strong>а</strong>ле<strong>о</strong>ген<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ые<br />
р<strong>о</strong>ды н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых <strong>в</strong>е<strong>с</strong>ьм<strong>а</strong> <strong>о</strong>бычны. Ин<strong>о</strong>е н<strong>а</strong>блю-<br />
,д<strong>а</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>я <strong>в</strong> не<strong>о</strong>ген<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ых ф<strong>а</strong>ун<strong>а</strong>х: <strong>в</strong>ымершие р<strong>о</strong>ды<br />
п<strong>о</strong>чти <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ершенн<strong>о</strong> <strong>о</strong>т<strong>с</strong>ут<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>уют <strong>в</strong> лучше <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>ег<strong>о</strong><br />
из<strong>в</strong>е<strong>с</strong>тн<strong>о</strong>м ми<strong>о</strong>цене, и <strong>в</strong><strong>с</strong>е <strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>е<strong>о</strong>бр<strong>а</strong>зие этих<br />
ф<strong>а</strong>ун п<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>нению <strong>с</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ременными <strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong>зы<strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>я<br />
лишь <strong>в</strong> ин<strong>о</strong>м <strong>в</strong>ид<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>о</strong>м <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>е. Впр<strong>о</strong>чем, <strong>в</strong><br />
ми<strong>о</strong>цен<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ых ф<strong>а</strong>ун<strong>а</strong>х <strong>о</strong>тнюдь не ред<strong>к</strong>и и <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ременные<br />
<strong>в</strong>иды. Эт<strong>а</strong> <strong>о</strong>бщ<strong>а</strong>я х<strong>а</strong>р<strong>а</strong><strong>к</strong>тери<strong>с</strong>ти<strong>к</strong><strong>а</strong> третичных<br />
н<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>е<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мых, <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>нечн<strong>о</strong>, <strong>о</strong>чень <strong>с</strong>хем<strong>а</strong>тичн<strong>а</strong><br />
и нужд<strong>а</strong>ет<strong>с</strong>я <strong>в</strong> <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>н<strong>к</strong>ретиз<strong>а</strong>ции и ут<strong>о</strong>чнении н<strong>а</strong><br />
<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>н<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>е р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>м<strong>о</strong>трения <strong>о</strong>пределенных ф<strong>а</strong>уни<strong>с</strong>тиче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их<br />
<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мпле<strong>к</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>.<br />
Чет<strong>в</strong>ертичные ф<strong>а</strong>уни<strong>с</strong>тиче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>ие '<strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мпле<strong>к</strong><strong>с</strong>ы<br />
изучены еще <strong>о</strong>чень нед<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong>т<strong>о</strong>чн<strong>о</strong>; п<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong>уще<strong>с</strong>т<strong>в</strong>у,<br />
их и<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ние нер<strong>а</strong>зры<strong>в</strong>н<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong>яз<strong>а</strong>н<strong>о</strong> <strong>с</strong> р<strong>а</strong>б<strong>о</strong>т<strong>о</strong>й<br />
з<strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>л<strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>-ф<strong>а</strong>уни<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>, з<strong>а</strong>ним<strong>а</strong>ющих<strong>с</strong>я <strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>в</strong>ещением<br />
и<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рии и <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>т<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong> <strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong>ременн<strong>о</strong>й ф<strong>а</strong>уны.<br />
Чет<strong>в</strong>ертичные ф<strong>а</strong>уны <strong>о</strong>чень <strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>жны для з<strong>о</strong><strong>о</strong>ге<strong>о</strong>гр<strong>а</strong>фиче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong>их<br />
и<strong>с</strong><strong>с</strong>лед<strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><strong>а</strong>ний, <strong>о</strong>тр<strong>а</strong>ж<strong>а</strong>я <strong>с</strong><strong>а</strong>мую нед<strong>а</strong><strong>в</strong>нюю<br />
и<strong>с</strong>т<strong>о</strong>рию и изменения ге<strong>о</strong>гр<strong>а</strong>фиче<strong>с</strong><strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>г<strong>о</strong><br />
р<strong>а</strong><strong>с</strong>пр<strong>о</strong><strong>с</strong>тр<strong>а</strong>нения <strong>о</strong>пределенных <strong>к</strong><strong>о</strong>мпле<strong>к</strong><strong>с</strong><strong>о</strong><strong>в</strong><br />
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