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solucion alternativa a la contaminacion de las aguas ... - alhsud

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CARACTERÍSTICAS HIDROGEOLÓGICAS DO AQÜÍFEROCOSTEIRO DA ILHA DOS VALADARES, PR (BRASIL) ESUA UTILIZAÇÃO PARA ABASTECIMENTO PÚBLICOEduardo Chemas HINDI 1, 2Ernani Francisco da ROSA FILHO 1André Virmond Lima BITTENCOURT 1Jorge Montaño XAVIER 3ABSTRACTAquifer characterization in terms of geologic-geomorphological consi<strong>de</strong>rations,pumping test and hydrochemistry has been carried out to evaluate the groundwaterpotential of one of the <strong>de</strong>licate coastal is<strong>la</strong>nd systems in Parana State, Brazil. TheVa<strong>la</strong>dares Is<strong>la</strong>nd, lying in the At<strong>la</strong>ntic coastal zone, represents a stabilized beachridge having a thickness of more than 60 m unconsolidated quartz-rich sand. Fieldand <strong>la</strong>boratory investigations suggest that this homogeneous coastal aquifer canpartially meet the local domestic <strong>de</strong>mand of fresh water even though it is inhydraulic continuity with the estuarine and tidal systems of Paranaguá bay.Efficiency of the aquifer to hold and release water was <strong>de</strong>termined by conducting apumping test in one of the partially penetrating wells in the is<strong>la</strong>nd for 24 hrs. Thephysical, chemical and biological analyses of samples from twelve 5 cm diameterwells of the area have indicated that groundwater needs purification for drinkingpurpose. It is advocated that the groundwater potential of the is<strong>la</strong>nd aquifer isworth consi<strong>de</strong>ring for sustained but controlled exploitation. The aquifer hydraulicproperties <strong>de</strong>fined through pumpimg tests are: specific yield: 5,23 m 3 /h/m;transmissivity: 2,27x10 -2 m 2 /dia and storage coeficient: 1.92x10 -1 .Key words: Va<strong>la</strong>dares is<strong>la</strong>nd, coastal aquifer, pumping test, water quality,groundwater potential.RESUMOLocalizada no Complexo Estuarino <strong>de</strong> Paranaguá, (PR), a Ilha <strong>de</strong> Va<strong>la</strong>daresconstitui um sistema aqüífero livre e homogêneo, formado por sedimentosarenosos muito finos a finos. A captação do aqüífero é feita através <strong>de</strong> poçosponteiracom profundida<strong>de</strong> média <strong>de</strong> 6 m, para abastecimento da popu<strong>la</strong>çãoresi<strong>de</strong>nte (22.000 habitantes). Amostras coletadas em 12 poços, mostrampredominância dos íons Na - , Cl - e SO 2 4 . Nas partes internas da ilha ocorre umaumento re<strong>la</strong>tivo das concentrações <strong>de</strong> HCO - 3 , Ca +2 e Mg +2 . O pH é ácido (3,76 a5,5) e os sólidos totais dissolvidos variam <strong>de</strong> 19 a 182 mg/l. As águas são do tipocloretada-sódica, passando a cloretada-sulfatada-sódica e cloretadabicarbonatada-sódica-cálcica,na região central da ilha. Em termos bacteriológicos,60% das amostras apresentaram coliformes fecais e totais; 25% coliformes totais e15% estavam isentas <strong>de</strong>ssas bactérias. Com base nestes estudos, foramconstruídas seis baterias cada uma com quatro poços <strong>de</strong> 50 mm <strong>de</strong> diâmetro e 12m <strong>de</strong> profundida<strong>de</strong> e um piezômetro. Os nove metros iniciais foram revestidos comtubos <strong>de</strong> PVC e os três metros finais por filtro espira<strong>la</strong>do <strong>de</strong> aço inoxidável. Testes<strong>de</strong> aqüífero nas baterias resultaram nos seguintes valores médios: vazãoespecífica: 5,23 m 3 /h/m; Transmissivida<strong>de</strong>: 2,27x10 -2 m 2 /dia e coeficiente <strong>de</strong>armazenamento: 1.92x10 -1 .Pa<strong>la</strong>vras-chave: Ilha dos Va<strong>la</strong>dares, aqüífero costeiro, qualida<strong>de</strong> da água, uso <strong>de</strong>água subterrânea.1 Universida<strong>de</strong> Fe<strong>de</strong>ral do Paraná - Departamento <strong>de</strong> Geologia (Brasil).2 hindi@ufpr.br; Laboratório <strong>de</strong> Pesquisas Hidrogeológicas.3 Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> República <strong>de</strong>l Uruguay (Uruguay).Revista Latino-Americana <strong>de</strong> Hidrogeologia, n.3, p. 19-31, 2003. 19

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