Diseño sin FronterasDesign in Teaching and Learning Situations:an interdisciplinary dialogueCristina Portugal.PUC - Rio <strong>de</strong> Janeiro, Brazilcrisportugal@gmail.comRita Maria <strong>de</strong> Souza Couto.PUC - Rio <strong>de</strong> Janeiro, Brazilricouto@puc-rio.brIntroductionThis paper refers to the study, research and theoretical lineof research Design in Teaching and Learning Situationsthrough an interdisciplinary dialogue between Design andEducation. Through methods and techniques of <strong>de</strong>signit was sought to i<strong>de</strong>ntify how this area of knowledge canparticipate in the processes of teaching and learning at thesetting of learning materials and enhance the processof acquiring knowledge. The study was gui<strong>de</strong>d by theMulti-Tracks, subject of this investigation, which is agame to help the acquisition of a second languageby <strong>de</strong>af children. This game was <strong>de</strong>veloped in thelight of methods and techniques of Design, un<strong>de</strong>r theInterdisciplinary Laboratory of Design / Education - LIDE,Pontifical Catholic University of Rio <strong>de</strong> Janeiro, Brazil, inpartnership with the National Institute of Education forthe Deaf in Rio <strong>de</strong> Janeiro - INES / RJ.This study intends to present Design as a field that cancontribute effectively towards the creation of educationalartifacts and cultural inventions, important aspects inhuman’s cognitive <strong>de</strong>velopment.According to Bonsiepe (1997), Design is the domain inwhich interaction between user and product is structuredto facilitate effective actions. Fontoura (2002) says Design isan ample field that involves and to which different disciplinesconverge. It can be seen as an activity, as a process orun<strong>de</strong>rstanding in terms of its tangible results. It can be seenas a function of project management, as a project activity,as a conceptual activity, or even as a cultural phenomenon.It is viewed as a means to add value to things produced byhumans and also as a vehicle for social and political change.Design is an active process that influences society, creatingits material culture. From this perspective, Meurer, cited byFrascara (1997) says:The world in which we live is more than the matter that has solidifiedas form and remained over time. Its form is <strong>de</strong>fined by activity andaction is its center. If Design is conceived as oriented towards action,un<strong>de</strong>rstood as active interaction and creative change, it will not focuson the object only as form. Quite the contrary, <strong>de</strong>signers shallconcern themselves with <strong>de</strong>veloping interactive process mo<strong>de</strong>ls inwhich object play an indisputable core role as a means for action.According to this vision, Design relates to the totality of humaninteraction’s concrete and intellectual spectrum, of interactionamong people, products and the world in which we live. (Meurer,apud Frascara, 1997, p. 220).Starting with a vision open to inclusion, which characterizesDesign’s area, this study <strong>de</strong>fends the i<strong>de</strong>a that the Designfield has great potential for joint works with Education,aimed at meeting contemporary society’s new <strong>de</strong>mands. Itwas precisely this un<strong>de</strong>rstanding that led to the reflectionsfound herein about the possibilities of an interdisciplinarydialogue between Design and Education as a basis for theconceptualization of the “Design in Teaching-LearningSituations” line of investigation.Using this <strong>de</strong>finition of Design as a field, which in Meurer’swords “relates to the totality of human interaction’s concreteand intellectual spectrum”, we will show the path takenfor carrying out this research.Research ProcessIn 2004, the LIDE team began to <strong>de</strong>velop a research projectentitled ‘Multi-Paths: game to assist in the acquisition ofa second language by <strong>de</strong>af children’. The public for thisproject, which was carried out from 2004 to 2007, was <strong>de</strong>afchildren enrolled in elementary school at the NationalInstitute of Deaf Education of Rio <strong>de</strong> Janeiro - INES/RJ.This research project, which had a clear interdisciplinaryapproach, received a “Scientists from Our State” scholarshipfrom FAPERJ (2005-2007) and a Productivity in Researchscholarship from CNPq (2006-2009).The actual object is a path game for tables or floors. Thepath is comprised of regular polygons, and besi<strong>de</strong>s these,the Multi-Tracks Game also has three sets of three scenarioseach: Pão <strong>de</strong> Açúcar, Fire Department and Zoo, actioncards, bonus cards, command cards, support cards, pinsand dice. The multimedia object is a game that consists ofan outing in the city of Rio <strong>de</strong> Janeiro, initially starting at37
MX Design Conference 2011the three sets of three scenarios each, as per the scenariosof the actual object. Each scenario has links to three tasks:a jig-saw puzzle, a connect-the-dots and a word/imageassociation puzzle.With Multi-Tracks as a starting point, we elaborate a studywith the objective of conceptualizing, <strong>de</strong>limiting andgrounding the Design in Situations of Teaching-learningline of investigation.The question that gui<strong>de</strong>d this study was: can Designtechniques and methods applied to Design in Situations ofTeaching-Learning promote the enhancement and enrichmentof the teaching-learning process for children? Weconducted this study starting with the i<strong>de</strong>a that the job ofa good <strong>de</strong>signer within the scope of Education, which is inlarge part seen as a project activity, at the same level as theone that leads to the configuration of maps, posters, books,etc., is somewhat restrictive.In or<strong>de</strong>r to discuss these issues, our general objectivebecame to ground the Design in Situations of Teaching-Learning line of investigation to form the basis for discussionswe intend to carry out.The methodological aspects that served as a gui<strong>de</strong> tothis investigation, which had a qualitative bias, are shownbelow in the synthesis table for the research process. Eachof these phases is related to an objective. Notwithstandingthe presentation in phases, the research process wasfoun<strong>de</strong>d on concomitant actions.The concept map shows the main issues addressed in thisstudy.In this paper, we shall present the issues related toteaching-learning, which correspond to the fourth phase ofthe research.Design and issues about teaching-learningAs a subsidy for <strong>de</strong>fining the Design in Situations ofTeaching-Learning field in this study so the <strong>de</strong>signer canun<strong>de</strong>rstand how to operate in the Design/Educationfield, we shall introduce Shulman’s Mo<strong>de</strong>l of PedagogicalReasoning and Action (2008).Although this mo<strong>de</strong>l is presented in a sequential manner,the author says this does not intend to represent a seriesof fixed phases, stages or steps. Many of the processescan occur simultaneous to the others. Some may not evenhappen during some teaching actions. Some may appearsectioned and others, on the contrary, <strong>de</strong>fined in <strong>de</strong>tails.For example, it is probable that in teaching children someof these processes may be ignored or some may not bepaid attention to in this mo<strong>de</strong>l. However, a teacher shouldbe able to <strong>de</strong>monstrate ability to participate in these processes.Faculty preparation must provi<strong>de</strong> the stu<strong>de</strong>nts withforms of comprehension and with performance skills theyrequire to move forward following an or<strong>de</strong>r and to carryout complete acts of pedagogy, as has been represented inthe mo<strong>de</strong>l of pedagogical reasoning and action.Research Process1 st Phase 2 nd Phase 3 rd Phase 4 th Phase 5 th PhaseDocumental researchCase StudyDocumentation andanalysis of the Multi-Tracks game projectprocessBibliographic Research Bibliographic Research Conceptualization ofthe line of researchReading and criticalanalysis of textsReading and critical analysisof textsReading and criticalanalysis of textsResultsI<strong>de</strong>ntification ofmethodology forDesign in Situations ofTeaching-LearningOperational objective Operational objective Operational objective General objective Operational objectiveConduct a systematicregistry of thehistory of Multi-Tracksconfiguration.Base and discuss Designquestions in light ofinformation and communicationtechnologies,addressing culturalaspects, language, imageand construction ofmeaning.Present studies on Design/Education, discussing issuesrelated to teaching-learning,games and visual pedagogicalpractices.Discuss the Design inEducation line in light ofopinions and reflections of<strong>de</strong>signers that work in theaca<strong>de</strong>mic area.Ground the Design inSituations of Teaching-Learning line ofinvestigation.Contribute towards thefield of Design and ofEducation in creatingsubsidies for planningeducational materials andfor improving standards ofeducation, making learningmore productive andinteractive.Table 01: Steps of the research process38
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