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PERU
2. Lomas of the coast
3. Distant, evergreen shrubs and low trees nourished by ground water. Herbs
absent, bare soil between the woody plants. Cacti absent
4. Open xerophytic vegetation of cacti, rainy-green shrubs, etc. No trees
5. Mesothermal rainy-green grass steppes with scattered (mostly rainy-green
or periodic) shrubs. Cacti (at least columnar ones) absent
6. Microthermal tola heath alternating with typical high Andean formations.
Lepidophyllum quadrangulare predominant below, L. rigidum in highest
parts
7. Typical high Andean formations. Many cushion- and rosette-shaped plants.
Some procumbent dwarf shrubs. Erect shrubs rare or absent
8. Rainy-green wood formations (mostly shrub-woods), transitional between
macrothermal and mesothermal vegetation, often with much grass and in
places alternating with rainy-green grass steppe. Cacti rare or absent
9. Microthermal grass steppe, evergreen or nearly so. Shrubs rare or absent
10. Macro thermal subxerophytic evergreen bushwoods (consisting of high
shrubs and low trees), alternating with evergreen grass steppes
11. Evergreen woods of foggy region, unbroken by grass steppe or nearly so
12. Tropical rain forest or hylaea
WILLIAMS, LLEWELYN
1941 "The phytogeography of Peru." Chronica Botánica, vol. 6, p.
407. Reprinted: 19 4 5, same scale, in his "The phytogeography of
Peru." In Verdoorn, F. (éd.), fiants and plant science in Latin America.
Waltham, Massachusetts, Chronica Botánica., Co., p. 309.
1942 "NORTHERN PERU, VEGETATION"
black and white 1:5,900,000
LEGEND
1. Mountain forest
2. Selva
3. Mountain grassland
4. Permanent snow
5. Puna
6. Xerophytic shrub
7. Lomas
8. Barren desert
JAMES, PRESTON E.
1942 Latin America. New York, Odyssey Press, p. 152. Reprinted:
19 5 0, in: Ibid., revised edition, p. 140; also in 3rd edition, p. 174.
1942 "SOUTHERN PERU, VEGETATION"
black and white 1:5,900,000
LEGEND
1. Mountain forest
2. Selva
3. Mountain grassland
4. Permanent snow
5. Puna
6. Puna with Tola shrub
7. Xerophytic shrub
8. Lomas
9. Barren desert
JAMES, PRESTON E.
194 2 Latin America. New York, Odyssey Press, p. 153. Reprinted:
19 5 0, in: Ibid., revised edition, p. 141.
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