sasamarTlo reformis indeqsi saqarTvelo - ABA ROLI Georgia Legal ...
sasamarTlo reformis indeqsi saqarTvelo - ABA ROLI Georgia Legal ...
sasamarTlo reformis indeqsi saqarTvelo - ABA ROLI Georgia Legal ...
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<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong><br />
<strong>reformis</strong><br />
<strong>indeqsi</strong><br />
<strong>indeqsi</strong><br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong><br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong><br />
2008 2008 wlis wlis wlis aprili<br />
aprili<br />
amerikis amerikis iuristTa iuristTa asociacia<br />
asociacia<br />
tomi tomi II<br />
II<br />
1
winamdebare gamocemaSi mocemuli analizi da winadadebebi<br />
warmoadgens amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis<br />
iniciativis naSroms. warmodgenili analizi da winadadebebi<br />
ekuTvnis avtorebs, amerikis iuristTa asociaciis<br />
mmarTvelTa sabWos mier ganxiluli ar yofila da ar<br />
warmoadgens amerikis iuristTa asociaciis pozicias an<br />
mosazrebas. metic, angariSSi konkretul sakiTxebTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT moyvanili arc erTi debuleba ar unda iqnas miCneuli<br />
iuridiul rekomendaciad. winamdebare angariSis momzadeba<br />
SesaZlebeli gaxda aSS-is saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis<br />
saagentos <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s warmomadgenlobis daxmarebis sa-<br />
SualebiT. naSromSi gamoxatul mosazrebebze pasuxismgebelia<br />
amerikis iuristTa asociacia, isini ar warmoadgens aSSis<br />
saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos da aSS-is mTavrobis<br />
pozicias.<br />
ISBN: XXXXX<br />
gamocemulia <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si<br />
saavtoro ufleba © 2008 amerikis iuristTa asociacia<br />
740 15 th q., NW, vaSingtoni, kolumbiis olqi 2008<br />
2 3<br />
sarCevi<br />
Sesavali ........................................................................................................................................ 5<br />
<strong>reformis</strong> mimdinareobis Sefaseba ....................................................................6<br />
meTodologia .......................................................................................................................... 8<br />
madloba ....................................................................................................................................... 13<br />
Sefasebis jgufi ............................................................................................................... 14<br />
Semajamebeli informacia ........................................................................................ 16<br />
Sedegebis mokle mimoxilva.................................................................................. 16<br />
gazrdil dafinansebasa da gaumjobesebul<br />
infrastruqturasTan dakavSirebuli dadebiTi<br />
tendenciebi ....................................................................................................................19<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> damoukideblobasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
problemebi......................................................................................................................21<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s Sesaxeb ................................................................................................... 24<br />
samarTlebrivi sistemis mimoxilva ............................................................. 26<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s struqtura ........................................................................................ 30<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> korpusis administrireba .................................................... 33<br />
mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze daniSvnis wesi...................................... 35<br />
kvalifikacia ......................................................................................................................... 35<br />
daniSvna da uflebamosilebis vada ............................................................ 36<br />
treningi ..................................................................................................................................... 37<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s<br />
2008 wlis analizi ................................................................................................ 39<br />
faqtorTa CamonaTvali .............................................................................................. 39<br />
I. xarisxi, ganaTleba da mravalferovneba ......................................... 41<br />
faqtori 1: mosamarTleTa kvalifikacia da momzadeba.......... 41<br />
analizi/safuZveli: ........................................................................................................ 41<br />
faqtori 2. SerCevisa da daniSvnis procesi ...................................... 47<br />
analizi/safuZveli: ........................................................................................................ 47<br />
faqtori 3. uwyveti iuridiuli ganaTleba .......................................... 54<br />
analizi/safuZveli: ........................................................................................................ 55<br />
faqtori 4: umciresobaTa warmomadgenloba da<br />
genderuli balansi .............................................................................................. 57<br />
II. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> uflebamosileba ..................................................................... 59<br />
faqtori 6. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> organos zedamxedvelobis<br />
uflebamosileba administraciul sferoze ............................. 65
faqtori 7. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s iurisdiqcia da samoqalaqo<br />
uflebebi .......................................................................................................................... 68<br />
faqtori 8. saapelacio ganxilvis sistema .......................................... 74<br />
faqtori 9. wesrigis uzrunvelyofa <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
gamoZaxeba/aRsruleba ......................................................................................... 78<br />
III. finansuri wyaroebi............................................................................................... 83<br />
faqtori 10. sabiujeto dafinanseba ............................................................ 83<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis biujeti 2005-2008 ................................................................ 86<br />
faqtori 11. mosamarTleTa anazRaureba ................................................. 87<br />
mosamarTleTa xelfasebi 2005-2008 ............................................................... 88<br />
faqtori 12. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senobebi................................................................. 89<br />
faqtori 13. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> usafrTxoeba......................................................91<br />
IV. mosamarTlis statusis uzrunvelyofa .......................................... 93<br />
faqtori 14. garantirebuli uflebamosilebis vada ................. 93<br />
faqtori 15. mosamarTleTa dawinaurebis obieqturi<br />
kriteriumi ..................................................................................................................... 96<br />
faqtori 16. mosamarTlis xelSeuxebloba .......................................... 98<br />
faqtori 17. mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobidan<br />
gaTavisufleba da disciplinuri devna ..................................... 100<br />
faqtori 18. saqmeTa ganawileba ..................................................................... 114<br />
faqtori 19. mosamarTleTa asociaciebi ............................................... 116<br />
V. angariSgeba da gamWvirvaloba ..................................................................118<br />
faqtori 20. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebi da zewola ......118<br />
faqtori 21. eTikis kodeqsi ................................................................................ 126<br />
faqtori 22. mosamarTleTa qcevis Sesaxeb saCivris<br />
Setanis wesi ............................................................................................................... 130<br />
faqtori 23. masmediisa da sazogadeobis daswreba<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomebze .................................................................................. 133<br />
faqtori 24. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebis<br />
gamoqveyneba ................................................................................................................. 137<br />
faqtori 25. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> arqivebi ............................................................... 139<br />
VI. efeqturoba .................................................................................................................. 142<br />
faqtori 26. mosamarTlis damxmare personali ............................ 142<br />
faqtori 27. mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobebi ......................................... 146<br />
faqtori 28. saqmeTa registracia da aRricxva ............................ 149<br />
faqtori 29. kompiuterebi da saofise teqnika ...............................151<br />
faqtori 30. arsebuli kanonebis danawileba da<br />
indeqsacia ..................................................................................................................... 152<br />
Sesavali<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong> (JRI) warmoadgens Sefasebis<br />
instruments, romelic SemuSavebulia amerikis iuristTa<br />
asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativis mier (<strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>).<br />
es instrumenti 2001 wels amerikis iuristTa asociaciis<br />
centraluri evropisa da evraziis samarTlebrivma iniciativam<br />
(<strong>ABA</strong>/CEELI) Seadgina, romelic afrikis, aziis, laTinuri<br />
amerikis, axlo aRmosavleTisa da CrdiloeT afrikis<br />
ganyofilebebTan erTad amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis<br />
uzenaesobis inciativis ganyofilebas warmoadgens. misi<br />
mizania <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> gansaxorcieleblad mniSvnelovani<br />
faqtorebis Sefaseba ganviTarebadi demokratiis<br />
qveynebSi. maSin, rodesac samarTlebriv da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> reformas<br />
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
<strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong> Sefasebis saTanado da mniSvnelovan<br />
meqanizms warmoadgens. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong> <strong>ABA</strong><br />
<strong>ROLI</strong>-s, mis damfinanseblebs da Tavad ganviTarebadi<br />
demokratiis qveynebs saSualebas miscems ukeT dagegmon<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> programebi da monitoringi gauwion<br />
winsvlas angariSgebadi, efeqturi da damoukidebeli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
sistemis Seqmnisaken.<br />
<strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-m daiwyo am proeqtis ganxorcieleba, radgan gaacnobiera,<br />
rom ar arsebobda erTiani pozicia sasamrTlo reformasTan<br />
dakavSirebul yvela detalze. kerZod, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong><br />
aRiarebs, rom arsebobs gansxvavebebi samarTlebriv kulturebs<br />
Soris, ris gamoc esa Tu is sakiTxi naklebad relevanturia<br />
konkretul konteqstSi. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos,<br />
rom am sferoSi muSaobis 10-wliani gamocdilebidan gamomdinare<br />
<strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-m daaskvna, rom winamdebare SefasebaSi ganxiluli<br />
30 faqtoridan TiToeulma, SesaZloa didi zegavlena<br />
moaxdinos <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> mimdinareobaze. Tumca,<br />
aRniSnuli faqtorebis Sefaseba qmnis teqnikuri daxmarebis<br />
struqturirebisa da <strong>reformis</strong> mniSvnelovani elementebis<br />
Sefasebis safuZvels.<br />
4 5
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s teqnikuri mxare ganasxvavebs<br />
am tipis Sefasebis instruments sxva igive saxis damoukidebeli<br />
Sefasebebisagan, rogoricaa aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentis<br />
qveynebis angariSi `adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb~<br />
da Tavisuflebis saxlis angariSi `gardamavali ekonomikis<br />
mqone qveynebis Sesaxeb~. winamdebare Sefaseba ar moicavs<br />
komentars qveyanaSi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> korpusis zogadi statusis<br />
Sesaxeb, aramed mocemuli angariSi gamoyofs konkretul<br />
pirobebs, samarTlebriv normebsa da meqanizmebs, romlebic<br />
qveynis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemaSi ukve arsebobs da afasebs<br />
Sefasebis momentSi yovelive CamoTvlilis urTierTqmedebas<br />
<strong>reformis</strong> konkretul kriteriumebTan. amasTan, es analitikuri<br />
procesi ar warmoadgens samecniero statistikur<br />
kvlevas. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong> upirveles yovlisa<br />
samarTlebriv kvlevas warmoadgens, romelic qveynis samarTlebrivi<br />
sistemis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva saxis informaciis<br />
erTobliobas emyareba.<br />
<strong>reformis</strong> mimdinareobis Sefaseba<br />
qveynis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> mimdinareobis Sefaseba rig<br />
gamowvvebs ukavSirdeba. arc erT kriteriums ar SeuZlia<br />
e.w. Tilismis rolis Sesruleba. mravali sayovelTaod aRiarebuli<br />
faqtoris raodenobrivad gansazRvra sakmaod rTulia.<br />
magaliTad, damoukidebeli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s ZiriTadi koncefcia<br />
iTxovs xarisxobriv Sefasebas, radganac SeuZlebelia<br />
misi Sefaseba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomis darbazebisa da<br />
mosamarTleTa raodenobis mixedviT. rTulia `miukerZoeblobis,<br />
Caketilobis da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisuflebis, rogorc<br />
institutis, miznebis" gamokveTa da ganmarteba. (larkinsi,<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis damoukidebloba da demokratizacia:<br />
Teoriuli da konceptualuri analizi, 44 AM. J. COMP. L. 611<br />
(1996)). larkinsi asaxelebs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis damoukideblobis<br />
Sefasebisas daSvebul Secdomebs:<br />
1. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis damoukideblobis formalur<br />
indikatorebze dayrdnoba, romlebic ar<br />
Seesabameba realobas;<br />
2. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb saTanado informaciis<br />
ararseboba, rac sakmaod gavrcelebulia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
SedarebiT kvlevebSi;<br />
3. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebis mniSvnelobis<br />
interpretaciasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi;<br />
4. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis damoukideblobis sxvadasxva<br />
atributisTvis qulebis miniWebis SemTxveviToba.<br />
(ix. larkinsi, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis damoukidebloba da<br />
demokratizacia: Teoriuli da konceptualuri analizi, 44<br />
AM. J. COMP. L. 611 (1996) gv. 615).<br />
kerZod, larkinsi akritikebs devid s. klarkis mier 1975<br />
wels Catarebul kvlevas, romelic cdilobda laTinuri<br />
amerikis uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis avtonomiis qulebSi Sefasebas.<br />
miseuli `sasamrTlos efeqturobis qulis" SemuSavebis<br />
dros, klarkma gamoiyena iseTi indikatorebi, rogoricaa<br />
garantirebuli daniSvnis vadebi, Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebis<br />
meTodi, daniSvnis meTodi da anazRaurebis garantia.<br />
(klarki, `konstituciis dacva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis<br />
mier laTinur amerikaSi, 2 HASTINGS CONST. L. Q. 405 - 442 (1975)).<br />
Tumca, problema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
sistemis damoukideblobis formaluri indikatorebi<br />
xSir SemTxvevaSi sinamdviles ar Seesabameba. magaliTad,<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom argentinaSi uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebs garantirebuli aqvT<br />
daniSvnis vadebi, 1940 wlidan uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
wmenda 5-jer mainc ganxorcielda. aRniSnuli faqtorebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, klarkma gadametebuli Sefaseba<br />
misca zogi qveynis uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
damoukideblobas, ris Sedegadac braziliis damokidebuli<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> kosta-rikas win aRmoCnda, maSin<br />
rodesac am qveynis uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> yvelaze<br />
damoukidebel <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>daa miCneuli mTels laTinur<br />
amerikaSi.<br />
6 7
(larkinsi, zemoT, gv. 615).<br />
subieqtur da ara obieqtur kriteriumze dayrdnobac kritikas<br />
imsaxurebs. (magaliTad, larkinsi, zemoT, gv. 618. arsebuli<br />
meTodologiis kritika, romelic moicavda 84 mecniersociologis<br />
gamokiTxvas laTinuri amerikis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb, rac moaruli xmisagan odnav gansxvavdeba). metic,<br />
mxolod mosamarTleebTan gasaubrebiT sando informaciis<br />
mopoveba SeuZlebelia: `naklebad savaraudoa, rom mosamarTleebma<br />
aRiaron, rom maT esa Tu is gadawyvetileba<br />
maTze konkretuli piris mier zewolis Sedegad miiRes. piriqiT,<br />
isini ar aRiareben damoukideblobis deficits~ (larkinsi,<br />
zemoT, gv. 616).<br />
meTodologia<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s meTodologiis SemuSavebisas<br />
<strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong> Seecada, rom gaeTvaliwinebina zemoxsenebuli<br />
sakiTxebi da kritika subieqturi da obieqturi kriteriumebis<br />
gamoyenebiT da Sefasebuli kriteriumebis iseT fundamentur<br />
saerTaSoriso normebze dayrdnobiT, rogoricaa:<br />
"gaeros <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis damoukideblobis ZiriTadi<br />
principebi"; evropis sabWos rekomendaciebi r(94)12 _ `mosamarTleTa<br />
rolis, efeqturobisa da damoukideblobis Sesaxeb~;<br />
"evropuli qartia mosamarTleTa statutis Sesaxeb"; "pekinis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis damoukideblobis princi pebi<br />
LAWASIA-s regionSi"; "beiruTSi arab mosamarTleTa konferenciisa<br />
da kairos deklaraciebi samosamarTlo damoukideblobis<br />
Sesaxeb" da "ibero-amerikuli uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisa<br />
da tribunalebis Tavmjdomareebis karakasis deklaraciebi".<br />
agreTve, gamoyenebulia <strong>ABA</strong>/CEELI-s mier momzadebuli<br />
koncefcia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis damoukideblobis<br />
Sesaxeb da mosamarTleTa saerTaSoriso asociaciis mier<br />
wevrobaze ganacxadebis Sefasebisas gamoyenebuli kriteriumebi.<br />
aRniSnul normebze dayrdnobiT <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-m gansazRvra 30<br />
faqtori, romelic xels uwyobs angariSvaldebuli, efeqturi<br />
da damoukidebeli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis Camoyalibebas. xsenebuli<br />
faqtorebis Sefasebisas daxmarebis gasawevad <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>m<br />
agreTve SeimuSava Sesabamisi komentari, sadac mocemulia<br />
safuZveli faqtorebze msjelobisTvis da maTi mniSvnelobis<br />
SefasebisaTvis. gansakuTrebuli Zalisxmeva iqna gamoyenebuli<br />
imisaTvis, rom ar moxdes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> struqturisa<br />
da funqciis amerikuli koncefciisTvis ufro maRali prioritetis<br />
miniWeba sxva regionalur koncefciebTan SedarebiT.<br />
Tumca, ganxilulia iseTi faqtorebic, romlebic amerikel<br />
an evropel mosamarTleebs SeiZleba ar ecnoT. amis mizezi<br />
ki is aris, rom ganxiluliyo saukeTeso praqtika, romelsac<br />
wamyvani <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> kulturebi gvTavazobs. metic, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>_m<br />
ganixila TiToeuli faqtori Tavisi aTwliani gamocdilebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT da daaskvna, rom TiToeul faqtors<br />
SesaZloa didi gavlena hqondes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> procesze.<br />
Sesabamisad, Tuki zogierTi faqtori sayovelTaod<br />
aRiarebuli ar aris, rogorc ZiriTad elementi, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong><br />
darwmunebulia, rom maTi Sefaseba programuli TvalsazrisiT<br />
sasargeblo da gamarTlebulia. Setanili kategoriebi<br />
moicavs: mosamarTleTa profesionalizmis xarisxs; ganaTlebasa<br />
da mravalferovnebas; iurisdiqciasa da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
uflebamosilebas; finansur da struqturul daculobas;<br />
angariSvaldebulebasa da gamWvirvalobas; aseve im sakiTxebs,<br />
romlebic zegavlenas axdenen <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis<br />
efeqturobaze.<br />
rac Seexeba `qulebis~ sistemis gamoyenebis sakiTxs, is am<br />
proeqtis erTerTi yvelaze rTuli da sakamaTo sakiTxi iyo.<br />
<strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong> msjelobda qulebis sistemis gamoyenebis mizanSewonilobis<br />
Sesaxeb. 1999-2001 wlebSi, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-m msgavsi sxvadasxva<br />
meqnizmi Seamowma. <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-s aRmasrulebel da<br />
sakonsultacio sabWoebTan iseve, rogorc gareSe eqspertebTan<br />
konsultaciebis Semdeg, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-m miiRo gadawyvetileba<br />
uari eTqva nebismier mcdelobaze qveynis <strong>reformis</strong> procesis<br />
erTiani qulebis sistemiT SefasebisaTvis, raTa naTeli<br />
8 9
yofiliyo, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong> <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
sistemis srul Sefasebas ar ganizraxavs.<br />
aseTi zogadi daskvnis miuxedavad, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong> Tvlis, rom Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia konkretuli faqtorebis xarisxobrivi Sefaseba.<br />
Sesabamisad, yvela faqtors an ganacxads miniWebuli aqvs<br />
erTerTi Sefaseba: dadebiTi, neitraluri an uaryofiTi. aRniSnuli<br />
Sefaseba asaxavs mxolod urTierTobas ganacxadsa da<br />
qveynis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemas Soris. iq, sadac ganacxadi<br />
mocemul qveyanaSi arsebul realobas srulad Seesabameba,<br />
qveyanas unda mieniWos `dadebiTi~ Sefaseba. xolo, Tu ganacxadi<br />
qveyanaSi arsebul mdgomareobas sruliad ar Seesabameba,<br />
Sefaseba `uaryofiTia~. Tu qveynis SigniT arsebuli<br />
mdgomareoba ganacxads zog SemTxvevaSi Seesabameba, xolo<br />
sxva SemTxvevebSi – ara, maSin Sefaseba `neitraluria~. (koeni,<br />
`CineTis komunisturi partia da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> damoukidebloba:<br />
1949-59ww., gv. 82 HARV. L. REV. 972 (1969w.) igulisxmeba,<br />
rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis damoukidebloba arsebobs mxolod<br />
kontinuumze `sruliad domoukidebelidan sruliad damokidebul<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>mde~). rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>m<br />
jamuri an erTiani qulis miniWeba mizanSewonilad ar<br />
miiCnia, radgan larkinsis kritikis mixedviT <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-m<br />
daadgina, rom erTiani qulis miniWebis aseTi mcdeloba produqtiuli<br />
ar iqneboda.<br />
piriqiT, 30 calkeuli Sefasebis Sedegebi Sejamebulia standartul<br />
formatSi TiToeuli qveynis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong><br />
indeqsSi. TiToeuli faqtoris Semdeg mocemulia Sefaseba<br />
da mocemuli daskvnis gakeTebis safuZvlis aRwera. amasTan,<br />
moyvanilia sxvadasxva sakiTxis siRrmiseuli analizi. monacemTa<br />
am xerxiT dalageba xels uwobs maT monacemTa baza-<br />
Si Setanas da sabolood momxmarebels aZlevs saSualebas<br />
martivad Seadaros sxvadasxva qveynebis progresi konkretul<br />
sferoebSi da droTa ganmavlobaSi, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong><br />
<strong>indeqsi</strong>s ganaxlebasTan erTad – mocemul qveyanaSic.<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s ganmeorebiT ganxorciele-<br />
ba ramdenime mizans emsaxureba. pirveli, igi Seqmnis ganaxlebul<br />
angariSs ganviTarebadi da axalgazrda demokratiebis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemebis Sesaxeb, romelic asaxavs mniSvnelovan<br />
samarTlebriv, samosamarTlo da politikur movlenebsac<br />
ki da warmoaCens, Tu rogor moqmedebs aRniSnuli<br />
movlenebi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s angariSvaldebulebaze, efeqturobasa<br />
da damoukideblobaze. amasTan, is gansazRvravs Tu ramdenad<br />
Seferxda saxelmwifo uwyebebis, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis<br />
wevrebisa da sxvebis mier pirveli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong><br />
<strong>indeqsi</strong>T aRwerili problemebis gadaWra. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong><br />
<strong>indeqsi</strong>s perioduli ganmeoreba asaxavs iseT sferoebs,<br />
sadac ukusvlas hqonda adgili <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> damoukideblobis<br />
dargSi, aRniSnavs Tu sad ar gaamarTla an umniSvnelo<br />
gavlena hqonda <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> Zalisxmevas da<br />
gamoarCevs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> warmatebebsa da miRwevebs.<br />
da bolos, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong> kvlav darCeba ganviTarebad demokratiebsa<br />
da gardamaval saxelmwifoebSi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> damoukideblobisa<br />
da <strong>reformis</strong> Sesaxeb uaxlesi informaciis wyarod.<br />
ganmeorebiT Catarebuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s<br />
struqtura da meTodologia ZiriTadad ucvleli darCeba,<br />
raTa uzrunvelyos droTa ganmavlobaSi zusti istoriuli<br />
analizisa da sando Sedarebis gakeTebis SesaZlebloba. Tumca,<br />
gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, gaumjobesebul iqna informaciis<br />
moZiebis meTodebi, romlebic Seqmnilia detalebisa da monacemebis<br />
moZiebisas sizustis gasaumjobeseblad. gaumjobesebis<br />
nawilia ufro struqturuli da detaluri informaciis<br />
moZiebis meTodi, romelic waruZRveba informaciisa da<br />
monacemebis mogrovebasa da damuSavebas.<br />
ganmeorebiT Catarebuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong> Seafasebs<br />
30 faqtors. aRniSnuli procesi aseve moicavs rogorc<br />
yvela kanonis, normatiuli aqtisa da debulebis, aseve sxva<br />
wyaroebis Sefasebas, romlebic Seexeba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis<br />
organizebasa da mis funqcias. gamoyenebulia informaciis<br />
wyaroebis gamokiTxvis procesi, rac <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis<br />
mcodne ramdenime aTeulze meti mosamarTlis, advokatis,<br />
10 11
samarTlis profesoris, arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgenlisa<br />
da Jurnalistis gamokiTxvas moicavs. ganmeorebiTi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s Catarebisas, gansakuTrebuli<br />
yuradReba eTmoba im faqtorebs, romlebmac<br />
wina <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> indeqsebis Tanaxmad uaryofiTi<br />
Sefaseba miiRes.<br />
TiToeul faqtors xelaxla mieniWeba dadebiTi, neitraluri<br />
an uaryofiTi Sefaseba, rac ganmeorebiTi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong><br />
<strong>indeqsi</strong>s nawilia. amasTan, ganmeorebiTi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
<strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s angariSebi gansazRvraven wina SefasebasTan<br />
SedarebiT Sefasebis cvlilebis tendencias. tendencia<br />
miTiTebulia faqtorTa cxrilSi, romelic <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
<strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s dasawyisSivea mocemuli da aRniSnulia<br />
standartuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s TiToeuli<br />
faqtoris daskvnaSi. gamoyenebulia Semdegi simboloebi: (gaumjobesebis<br />
aRmniSvneli); (gauaresebis aRmniSvneli) (cvlileba<br />
ar yofila an umniSvnelo cvlileba).<br />
sociologebi amboben, rom zogi kriteriumi ufro zusti<br />
iqneboda sajaro gamokiTxvebis Catarebis an iuristebTan<br />
da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s TanamSromlebTan gasaubrebis saSualebiT.<br />
vinaidan, aseTi midgoma sakmaod did Tanxasa da dros<br />
saWiroebs, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-m gadawyvita ise daelagebina sakiTxebi,<br />
rom maTze pasuxebis gacema SesaZlebeli yofiliyo mosamarTleebisTvis,<br />
advokatebisTvis, JurnalistebisTvis da<br />
gareSe damkvirveblebisTvis (romlebic sakmaod kargad icnoben<br />
sistemas) kiTxvaTa SezRuduli raodenobis dasmiT.<br />
zogadad, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong> gulisxmobs swrafad<br />
ganxorcielebul Sefasebas erTi an meti samarTlis specialistis<br />
mier, romelic zogadad icnobs qveyanas da regions,<br />
obieqtur informacias moipovebs da Caatarebs saWiro<br />
gasaubrebebs TiToeuli faqtoris Sefasebis mizniT.<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s erTerTi daniSnulebaa, daexmaros<br />
<strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-s, mis damfinansebelT da partnior-organizaciebs,<br />
gansazRvron <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> TavianTi pro-<br />
gramebis efeqtianobis xarisxi da dasaxon teqnikuri daxmarebis<br />
gawevis samomavlo gegmebi. mravali iseTi sakiTxis<br />
gadaWra (rogoricaa mosamarTleTa anazRaureba da arasa-<br />
Tanado gareSe zewola), raTqmaunda, SesaZloa pirdapir ver<br />
moxerxdes teqnikuri daxmarebis gamwevi gareSe organizaciebis<br />
mier. agreTve, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong> aRiarebs, rom is sakiTxebi,<br />
romelTa mogvareba gareSe daxmarebis saSualebiTaa Sesa-<br />
Zlebeli, magaliTad, mosamarTleTa treningi, SesaZloa upirvelesi<br />
mniSvnelobis ar aris. msoflioSi yvelaze ganaTlebuli<br />
da momzadebuli mosamarTleTa korpusis arseboba<br />
ar iZleva angariSvaldebuli, efeqturi an damoukidebeli<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis Camoyalibebis garantias - da<br />
mainc, nebismier <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemas esaWiroeba momzadebuli<br />
mosamarTleebi. metic, kavSiri gareSe teqnikur daxmarebasa<br />
da qveynis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemas Soris SesaZloa<br />
umniSvneloc iyos, radgan realurad kompetenturi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
sistemis CamoyalibebisTvis saWiroa qveynis xelmZRvanelobis<br />
politikuri neba da TviT qveynis survili. miuxedavad<br />
amisa, mniSvnelovania ZiriTadi sferoebis raodenobrivi<br />
kriteriumebis saSualebiT Semowmeba imisaTvis, rom<br />
moxdes progresuli elementebis <strong>reformis</strong> sasargeblod<br />
gamoyeneba. <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong> gTavazobT am dokumentis aRniSnuli<br />
mimarTulebiT konstruqciul nabijad ganxilvas da miesalmeba<br />
konstruqciul gamoxmaurebas.<br />
madloba<br />
liza dikisons, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> reformebis programis direqtors,<br />
amerikis iuristTa asociaciis centraluri da aRmosavleT<br />
evropis samarTlebrivi iniciativa (<strong>ABA</strong>/CEELI) (1995-<br />
2000) da mark ditrixs, niu-iorkis Statis advokatTa asociaciis<br />
wevrs da <strong>ABA</strong>/CEELI-s mrCevels, romlebmac SeimuSaves<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s ZiriTadi koncefcia da struqtura.<br />
skot karlsons, <strong>ABA</strong>/CEELI-s sasamrTlo <strong>reformis</strong><br />
programebis direqtors (2000 – 2003), romelmac uxelmZRvanela<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s saboloo saxiT Camoyalibebas.<br />
jener brais edelmanms, <strong>ABA</strong>/CEELI-s programis<br />
12 13
asistents da jeims maq-konkis, staJiors, romlebmac daxmareba<br />
gagviwies kvleviTi samuSaos Catarebasa da angariSis<br />
SedgenaSi.<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> reofrmis <strong>indeqsi</strong>s SemuSavebisas, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-s<br />
didi daxmareba gauwia orma sakonsultacio jgufma. <strong>ABA</strong><br />
<strong>ROLI</strong>-s surs madloba gadauxados <strong>ABA</strong>/CEELI-s pirvel <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
sakonsultacio sabWos - toni fiseris, marsel<br />
lemondis, erns markelis, jozef nados, meri noel pepisis da<br />
lari stounis SemadgenlobiT, romelTac <strong>indeqsi</strong>s adreuli<br />
versiebi ganixiles. amasTan, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-s surs madliereba<br />
gamoxatos meore <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sakonsultacio sabWos mimarT-<br />
liuk birmanis, makarena kalabrezes, elizabeT dalis,<br />
elizabeT leisis, pol magnusonis, nikolas mensfildis, eimi<br />
skrzekut-toresis, roi t. stukis, robert aterisa da rusel<br />
uileris SemadgenlobiT, romelTac xeli Seuwyves angari-<br />
Sis sabolo saxiT Camoyalibebas. Bolos ki, <strong>ABA</strong> /<strong>ROLI</strong> madlobas<br />
uxdis eqspertebs, romelTac miiRes monawileoba <strong>ABA</strong>/<br />
CEELI-s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis damoukideblobis Sesaxeb koncefciis<br />
SemuSavebaSi, eseni arian: jeims epli, doroti bisli,<br />
nikolas georgakopolosi, jorj kartugalosi, jovani<br />
longo, keneT lisiki, roi skotlandi, teri Supe, patricia<br />
uoldi da markus cimeri.<br />
Sefasebis jgufi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s 2008 wlis Sefaseba<br />
Caatara tomas koupma, <strong>ABA</strong>/CEELI-s yofilma warmomadgenelma<br />
moldaveTSi. manve moamzada Sefasebebi moldaveTisa<br />
da aRmosavleT evropisa da evraziis sxva qveynebisaTvis.<br />
jgufs didi daxmareba gauwies <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s warmomadgenlobis<br />
yofilma samxareo direqtorma – qalbatonma<br />
dona raiTma (amJamad, evropisa da evraziis ganyofilebis<br />
direqtori), programis menejerma – juli garuCiom, programis<br />
oficerma – deniel adamsma da programis TanaSemwem –<br />
Tamara senikiZem. <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-s kvlevebis koordinatorma olga<br />
rudam, samarTlis sakiTxebis mkvlevarebma bri alenma da<br />
jesi tanenbaumma angariSis redaqtireba da misi gamosaqveyneblad<br />
momzadeba uzrunvelyves. daskvnebi da analizi efuZneba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si, 2008 wlis aprilSi Catarebul gamokiTxvasa<br />
da im periodisTvis arsebuli dokumentebis ganxilvas.<br />
calkeuli pirebisa da uwyebebis gamokiTxvis dokumentebi<br />
inaxeba <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-s ofisSi. Cven madlierebas gamovxatavT<br />
monawile pirTa mimarT, romelTac gamonaxes dro da Tanxmoba<br />
ganacxades monawileoba mieRoT gamokiTxvaSi. gamokiTxulTa<br />
saxelebi konfidencialuria. Sefasebis procesSi<br />
Catarebul iqna 50-ze meti interviu mosamarTleebTan, advokatebTan,<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, saerTaSoriso<br />
organizaciebis da saxelmwifo uwyebebis warmomadgenlebTan.<br />
14 15
Semajamebeli informacia<br />
Sedegebis mokle mimoxilva<br />
2008 wlis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> indeqsma gamoaaSkarava<br />
ramdenime mniSvnelovani wingadadgmuli nabiji, romelic<br />
qveynis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> farglebSi ganxorcielda<br />
ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi. kvlevaSi Sefasebuli<br />
30 faqtoridan 6 faqtori (romlebic ukavSirdeba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
iurisdiqcias da samoqalaqo uflebebs, garantirebul<br />
uflebamosilebis vadas, mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebas<br />
da disciplinur devnas, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebs<br />
da zewolas, mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobebs da<br />
saqmeTa registracias da aRricxvas) uaryofiTad Sefasda,<br />
rac 2005 wlis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>T uaryofiTad<br />
Sefasebul 15 faqtorTan SedarebiT naklebia. neitralurad<br />
Sefasebuli faqtorebis raodenoba 13-dan 18-mde gaizarda. 6<br />
faqtori (romelic ukavSirdeba apelacias, mosamarTleTa<br />
anazRaurebas, mosamarTleTa xelSeuxeblobas, saqmeTa ganawilebas,<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebis gamoqveynebas da<br />
mosamarTlis damxmare personals) dadebiTad Sefasda, rac<br />
2005 wlis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>T dadebiTad Sefasebul<br />
2 faqtorTan SedarebiT dadebiT tendencias asaxavs.<br />
zogadad, 2005 wlidan uaryofiTi Sefasebidan neitralur<br />
Sefasebamde cxra faqtori gaumjobesda, xolo xuTi neitralurad<br />
Sefasebuli faqtori dadebiTad Sefasda. mxolod<br />
erTi faqtori (masmediisa da sazogadoebis daswreba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
sxdomebze)<br />
gauaresda dadebiTi Sefasebidan neitralur Sefasebamde.<br />
mniSvnelovani winsvla aRiniSneba finansuri resursebis<br />
gazrdili xelmisawvdomobisa, mosamarTleebis infrastruqturisa<br />
da samuSao pirobebis Tanmdevi gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT<br />
iseve, rogorc mosamarTleobis kandidatebisa da<br />
moqmedi mosamarTleebis treningis TvalsazrisiT axlad<br />
Semqnili iusticiis umaRlesi skolis saSualebiT. unda<br />
aRiniSnos, rom ramdenime damatebiTi fatoris analizi warmoaCens<br />
garkveul dadebiT cvlilebebs miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom zogierT am cvlilebaTagans ukve mniSvnelovani gavlena<br />
hqonda, danarCeni cvlilebebis Sedegebi mxolod momavalSi<br />
gamoCndeba. Sedegad, zogierTi cvlileba ar iqna miCneuli<br />
sakmarisad, 2005 wlis Sefasebebis gaumjobesebis gasamarTleblad.<br />
danarCen SemTxvevebSi, dadebiTi cvlilebebi imdenad<br />
mcire xnis win moxda, rom SeuZlebeli iyo maTi praqtikuli<br />
Sedegebis gaanalizeba an maTi mdgradobis Sefaseba.<br />
2008 wlis <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> indeqsSi<br />
asaxuli dadebiTi tendenciebi<br />
• iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo, romelic <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
sakiTxebze <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s prezidentis sakonsultacio<br />
organos warmoadgenda, gardaiqmna <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
xelisuflebis damoukidebel organod. amJamad, iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWo uSualod agebs pasuxs raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo) da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa<br />
daniSvnaze da Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebaze<br />
da ara mxolod prezidentisaTvis amgvar<br />
gadawyvetilebebTan mimarTebiT rekomendaciebis gawevaze.<br />
amasTan, ganxorcielda iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
sabWos restruqturizacia da mis wevrTa raodenobis<br />
zrda 8 wevridan 15-mde, romelTagan naxevarze meti –<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare da mosamarTle-<br />
Ta konferenciis mier arCeuli saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
8 mosamarTle – axla mosamarTleebi arian, rac<br />
saerTaSoriso standartebs Seesabameba. amJamad, iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWos Tavmjdomare uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomarea da ara <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s prezidenti,<br />
rogorc es warsulSi iyo. Tumca, momavalSi<br />
gamoCndeba, gaxdeba Tu ara iusticiis umaRlesi sab-<br />
Wo ufro damoukidebeli aRniSnuli cvlilebebis<br />
Sedegad.<br />
16 17
• iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos axali gadawyvetilebebi<br />
gansazRvravs mosamarTleTa SesarCevi konkursis wess,<br />
konkretuli kriteriumebis sias, romelTac mosamarTleobis<br />
kandidati unda akmayofilebdes da detalurad<br />
aRwers im Tvisebebs, romelTac es kriteriumebi<br />
moicavs. agreTve gafarTovda iusticiis umaRlesi sab-<br />
Wos uflebamosileba disciplinur warmoebaze garkveuli<br />
struqturuli cvlilebebis Sedegad, rogoricaa<br />
disciplinuri kolegiis Semadgenlobis cvlileba.<br />
amasTan, kanonis Tanaxmad, axla ukve dauSvebelia mosamarTleebis<br />
winaaRmdeg disciplinuri an sisxlis<br />
samarTlebrivi devnis aRZvra kanonis araswori interpretaciisaTvis<br />
(e.i. SecdomebisaTvis), rac warsulSi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s damoukideblobisaTvis mniSvnelovan<br />
safrTxes warmoadgenda. miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom kvlav asebobs mniSvnelovani eWvebi mosamarTle-<br />
Ta daniSvnisa da disciplinuri warmoebis procesSi<br />
arsebul subieqturobasa da gamWvirvalobis naklebobis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnuli cvlilebebi swori<br />
mimarTulebiT gadadgmul nabijebs warmoadgens.<br />
• saxelmwifos mier dafinansebuli iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
skola 2006 wlis aprilSi Seiqmna mosamarTleobis<br />
kandidatebisaTvis sawyisi treningis da moqmedi<br />
mosamarTleebisaTvis gangrZobadi iuridiuli<br />
ganaTlebis uzrunvelsayofad. amieridan, mosamarTleobis<br />
TiTqmis yvela kandidati valdebuli iqneba<br />
gaiaros moculobiTi 14 Tviani saswavlo programa<br />
iusticiis umaRles skolaSi. mosamarTleobis 11 kandidatisagan<br />
Semdgarma pirvelma nakadma swavla 2007<br />
wlis dekemberSi daiwyo da programas 2009 wlis<br />
dasawyisSi daasrulebs. iusticiis umaRlesi skolis<br />
Seqmnam agreTve gaaumjobesa moqmedi mosamarTleebisaTvis<br />
gangrZobadi iuridiuli ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba.<br />
Tumca, mosamarTleebi arc axla arian<br />
valdebulni monawileoba miiRon gangrZobadi iuridiuli<br />
ganaTlebis programebSi miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
eTikuri normebi maT amas urCevs.<br />
• 2007 wlis oqtomberSi, mosamarTleTa konferenciam<br />
miiRo axali samosamarTlo eTikis wesebi, romlebic<br />
yvela mosamarTlisaTvis aris savaldebulo. amasTan,<br />
"satelefono marTlmsajulebis" aRmofxvrisa da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
damoukideblobis gaumjobesebis mizniT<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s parlamentma miiRo kanoni, romelic<br />
krZalavs saqmis warmoebis ganmavlobaSi saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleebTan mxareebis individualurad<br />
komunikacias (ex parte komunikacia). rogorc<br />
eTikuri normebis, ise ex parte komunikaciis Sesaxeb<br />
Setyobinebis valdebulebis darRveva warmoadgens<br />
disciplinur darRvevas. momavalSi gamoCndeba, Tu<br />
ramdenad moaxdebs aRniSnuli axali wesebi gavlenas<br />
mosamarTleebis qcevaze.<br />
• <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomebze wesrigis TvalsazrisiT mdgomareoba<br />
gaumjobesda mosamarTleTaTvis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
darmazis marTvis uflebamosilebis miniWebis gziT.<br />
amJamad, isini uflebamosilni arian daaweson jarima<br />
50-dan 500 laramde (daaxloebiT 28-283 aSS dolari)<br />
odenobiT <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazSi wesrigis darRvevisaTvis,<br />
an damrRvev pirs Seufardon patimroba 60<br />
dRemde vadiT. metic, Seiqmna mandaturis samsaxuri<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Senobebis dacvis da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darmazSi<br />
wesrigis damyarebis mizniT. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s SenobebSi<br />
uniformaSi gamowyobili mandaturebis ubralo<br />
yofnam realuri gavlena moaxdina ufro Rirseuli<br />
garemos Seqmnaze.<br />
gazrdil dafinansebasa da gaumjobesebul<br />
infrstruqturasTan dakavSirebuli dadebiTi<br />
tendenciebi<br />
• ukanasknel wlebSi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisaTvis biujetiT<br />
gamoyofili dafinaseba mniSvnelovnad gaizarda, ra-<br />
18 19
mac <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis infrastruqtura da samuSao<br />
pirobebi sakmaod gaaumjobesa. miuxedavad amisa, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
sistemas kvlav SezRuduli SesaZlebloba<br />
gaaCnia, moaxdinos gavlena saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisaTvis<br />
dafinansebis raodenobis biujetSi gansazRvraze<br />
da xarjvaze.<br />
• 2008 wlis 1 ianvridan, mosamarTleebis anazRaureba<br />
mniSvnelovnad gaizarda da axla ukve zogadad miiCneva,<br />
rom mosamarTleebs adeqvaturi anazRaureba gaaCniaT<br />
imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyon ojaxebi da gonivrulad<br />
Rirseul garemoSi icxovron. anazRaurebis gazrdis<br />
erT-erTi dadebiTi Sedegia mosamarTleebs Soris<br />
korufciis aRmofxvra. anazRaurebasTan erTad mosamarTleebi,<br />
romlebic maTi sacxovrebeli adgilidan<br />
moSorebiT saqmianoben, samivlinebo Tanxebsac iReben.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom mosamarTleebs samivlinebo<br />
Tanxebi 2005 welsac ekuTvnodaT, isini am Tanxebs<br />
umeteswilad ver iRebdnen.<br />
• grZeldeba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis arsebuli Senobebis remonti<br />
da axali Senobebis mSenebloba, romelic ramodenime<br />
wlis win msoflio bankis dafinansebiT<br />
daiwyo. 2008 wlis bolosaTvis unda dasruldes samuSaoebi<br />
50-ze met SenobaSi, xolo darCenil 15 SenobaSi,<br />
maT Soris magistrati <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis SenobebSi<br />
ki – 2009 wlis bolos. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s axali<br />
an SekeTebuli Senobebi Rirseul garemos qmnis da<br />
adeqvaturi infrastruqtura gaaCnia, maT Soris <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
darbazebis sakmarisi raodenoba ise, rom<br />
sxdomebis mosamarTleTa kabinetebSi Catareba saWiro<br />
aRar aris. xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom aRniSnuli<br />
proeqtebi axla ukve saxelmwifos mier finansdeba.<br />
• Tu warsulSi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs sakmarisi aucilebeli<br />
sakancelario nivTebi da saofise teqnika ar hqondaT,<br />
gazrdili dafinansebis wyalobiT, aseTi problema<br />
aRar arsebobs. kompiuterebis, aslgadamRebi manqanebis,<br />
faqsis aparatebisa da sxva teqnikis raodenoba<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi 2005 wlis Semdeg gaizarda. bevr <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si,<br />
yvela mosamarTles, maT TanaSemweebs da<br />
mdivnebs axla ukve individualuri kompiteri aqvT<br />
Sida da internet qseliT. Sesabamisad, mosamarTleebis<br />
xelmisawvdomoba sakanonmdeblo informaciaze<br />
gaumjobesda gansakuTrebiT kompiuterebiTa da internetiT<br />
aRWurvil <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi.<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> damoukideblobasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
problemebi<br />
• miuxedavad imisa, rom mosamarTleebi erTxmad uaryofdnen<br />
maT gadawyvetilebebze gavlenis moxdenis<br />
mcdelobebs, sxva gamokiTxul pirebs miaCniaT, rom<br />
aseTi gavlena kvlavac arsebobs. bevrma maTganma ganacxada,<br />
rom mosamarTleebi ZiriTadad damoukidebelni<br />
arian samoqalaqo davebis ganxilvisas, Tumca<br />
aseve aRniSnes, rom administraciul da sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saqmeebze aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisa<br />
da prokuraturis mxridan zewola kvlav arsebobs.<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze mosamarTlis damoukidebloba<br />
gamonaklisad ufro metad miiCneva vidre wesad,<br />
rasac mowmobs gamamarTlebeli ganaCenebis sakmaod<br />
mwiri raodenoba da ganaCenebi, romlebic umeteswilad<br />
prokuroris moTxovnas emTxveva.<br />
• sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis gadawyvetis Cveuli wesi<br />
- egreTwodebuli "saproceso SeTanxmeba" - mniSvnelovan<br />
eWvebs iwvevs sisxlis samarTlebriv warmoebasa<br />
da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> damoukideblobaSi. miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom saproceso kanonmdebloba sawinaaRmdegos moiTxovs,<br />
praqtikaSi amgvari SeTanxmebebi Cveulebriv<br />
brladebulis advokatis monawileobis gareSe formdeba<br />
da mniSvnelovani Tanxebis gadaxdas gulisx-<br />
20 21
mobs braldebis gauqmebis sanacvlod. gamokiTxulma<br />
pirebma saproceso SeTanxmebas legalizebuli meqr-<br />
Tameoba, xolo im mosamarTleebs, romlebic aseT SeTanxmebebs<br />
amtkiceben – notariusebi uwodes, radgan<br />
maTi funqcia mxolod beWdis dasmiT Semoifargleba<br />
da damoukidebel ganxilvas ar gulisxmobs.<br />
• miuxedavad imisa, rom konstitucia uzrunvelyofs<br />
samoqalaqo uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis STambeWdav<br />
areals, maT Soris piris uflebas mimarTos <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
sakuTari uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis<br />
dasacavad, praqtikaSi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s roli adamianis<br />
uflebebis dacvis saqmeSi kvlav araadeqvaturia. gamokiTxulTa<br />
azriT, miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTma<br />
mosamarTlem SesZlo win aRdgomoda saxelmwifos<br />
zewolas politkurad mniSvnelovan saqmeebSi, samoqalaqo<br />
da adamianis uflebebis darRvevebis msxvreplTa<br />
umravlesobas miaCnia, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s saSualebiT<br />
daxmarebis Zieba uSedego iqneba.<br />
2008 wlis <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> indeqsSi<br />
gamokveTili sxva problemebi<br />
• saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleebi kvlavac 10<br />
wlis vadiT iniSnebian xelaxla daniSvnis uflebiT.<br />
mosamarTleTa daniSvnis procesSi gamWvirvalobis<br />
naklebobis gamo gamokiTxulTa nawilma gamoTqva eWvi,<br />
rom xSirad mosamarTleebi meore vadiT aRar iniSnebian<br />
mTavrobis mxridan maTi gadawyvetilebebiT<br />
ukmayofilebis mizeziT. saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mimdinare<br />
reorganizacia aseve safrTxes uqmnis mosamarTleTa<br />
Tanamdebobaze yofnas, radgan man SeiZleba<br />
gamoiwvios mosamarTleTa sarezervo siaSi gadayvana<br />
gaumWvirvalo procesis saSualebiT, romelic<br />
rogorc Cans obieqtur kriteriumebs ar emyareba.<br />
• <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebis aRsruleba kvlav<br />
araefeqturia miuxedavad imisa, rom 2008 wels aRsrulebis<br />
sixSire mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda wina<br />
wlebTan SedarebiT. administraciul saqmeebze <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis dasaxmareblad,<br />
saxelmwifo biujetSi calke iqna gamoyofili<br />
Tanxebi am gadawyvetilebebis dasafinanseblad. Tumca,<br />
radgan <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebis aRsruleba<br />
iusticiis saministros daqvemdebarebaSia, TviTon<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mocemuli situaciis gasaumjobeseblad<br />
bevris gakeTeba ar SeuZlia.<br />
• mosamarTleTa vakansiebis arsebobam da mosamarTle-<br />
Ta Tanamdebobebis arasakmarisma raodenobam gamoiwvia<br />
bevri mosamarTlis saqmeebiT gadatvirTva. aRniSnuli<br />
gardauval gavlenas axdens mosamarTlis samuSaos<br />
xarisxze da iwvevs saqmeebis gaWianurebas.<br />
• 2007 wlis ivlisSi, parlamentma saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
darbazebSi foto da video gadaReba akrZala<br />
TiTqos imisaTvis, rom momxdariyo provokaciebisa<br />
da speqtaklebis TamaSis prevencia kamerebis win<br />
da xeli Seewyo saqmeebis miukerZoebeli ganxilvisaTvis.<br />
Tumca, aRniSnuli akrZalvis mowinaaRmdegeebs<br />
miaCniaT, rom akrZalva gaxmaurebuli mkvlelobis<br />
saqmis Sedegad iqna SemoRebuli, romelmac gamokiTxulTa<br />
azriT saeWvo qceva gamoaaSkarava. rac ar unda<br />
iyos aRniSnuli akrZalvis realuri motivacia, igi<br />
arapopularulia da samarTalwarmoebis gamWvirvalobisa<br />
da Sesabamisad <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> korpusisadmi sazogadoebrivi<br />
ndobis Semcireba gamoiwvia.<br />
22 23
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> mdebareobs samxreT kavkasiaSi da esazRvreba<br />
ruseTs, somxeTs, azerbaijansa da TurqeTs. misi adreuli istoria<br />
romaelebis, Turqebisa da sparselebis SemosevebiT gamoirCeva.<br />
agreTve, yofila gaerTianebis periodebic, rac Zlier<br />
mefeTa mmarTvelobis periodebs emTxveva. me-19 saukunis dasawyis-<br />
Si moxda ruseTis mier <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s aneqsia. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m<br />
ramdenime wliT daibruna damoukidebloba 1918 wels, Tumca,<br />
isev ruseTis zegavlenis qveS moeqca 1921 wels sabWoTa jaris<br />
mier dapyrobis Sedegad. 1991 wels, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis<br />
Semdeg, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m kvlav moipova damoukidebloba, Tumca<br />
samoqalaqo omma qveyanaSi didi socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
krizisi gamoiwvia. ori regioni _ afxazeTi da samxreT oseTi<br />
_ ruseTis daxmarebiT gamoeyo <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s.<br />
es ori regioni centraluri mTavrobis kontrolis farglebs<br />
gareT rCeba da maT de faqto, auRiarebeli mTavrobebi<br />
marTavs 1 . aRniSnuli regionebidan <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s 200,000ze<br />
metma iZulebiT gadaadgilebulma pirma Seafara Tavi,<br />
sadac isini kvlav ekonomikur gaWirvebas ganicdian. 1995<br />
wels eduard SevardnaZe, sabWoTa kavSiris yofili sagareo<br />
saqmeTa ministri, arCeul iqna qveynis prezidentad gar-<br />
1 <strong>saqarTvelo</strong> ar cnobs afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis de faqto<br />
statuss. piriqiT, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciaSi naTqvamia, rom `<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> aris damoukidebeli, erTiani da ganuyofeli saxelmwifo,<br />
rac dadasturebulia 1991 wlis 31 marts qveynis mTel teritoriaze,<br />
maT Soris afxazeTis assr-Si da yofil samxreT oseTis<br />
avtonomiur olqSi Catarebuli referendumiT ....`<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 1.1. (miRebulia 1995 wlis 24 agvistos). amasTan,<br />
`<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s teritoriuli mTlianoba da saxelmwifo sazRvris<br />
xelSeuxebloba dadasturebulia <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciiTa da<br />
kanonebiT, aRiarebulia saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis mier~.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 2.1. imis gamo, rom gamokiTxvebi<br />
ar Catarebula afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis teritoriaze,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis aRwera da daskvnebi maT ar<br />
Seexeba.<br />
damaval periodSi saxelmwifo meTauris Tanamdebobaze<br />
yofnis Semdeg. igi ultra-nacionalisti lideris, zviad<br />
gamsaxurdias Semdeg gaxda prezidenti, romelic 1992 wels<br />
gadaayenes. 2003 wlis noemberSi, Tanamdebobis pirebis mier<br />
erovnuli saparlamento arCevnebiT mani pulirebis mcdelobam<br />
farTomasStabiani protesti gamoiwvia, romelsac<br />
Semdgom `vardebis revolucia~ uwodes da ris Sedegad<br />
SevardnaZe Tanamdebobidan gadadga. 2004 wlis dasawyisSi<br />
Catarebuli arCevnebis Sedegad mixeil saakaSvili da misi<br />
gaerTianebuli nacionaluri moZraoba xelisuflebaSi<br />
movida.<br />
vardebis revoluciam qarTvelebs, iseve rogorc saerTa-<br />
Soriso Tanamegobrobas, demokratiuli <strong>reformis</strong>a da<br />
ekonomikuri aRmavlobis imedi Causaxa. prezidentma saakaSvilma<br />
masStaburi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis saSualebiT<br />
reforma wamoiwyo. mTavrobam ganaxorciela mmarTvelobis<br />
sistemis reforma, anti-korufciuli RonisZiebebi, demokratiuli<br />
institutebis mSenebloba, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> reforma da<br />
ekonomikuri kampaniebi. Tumca, aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo<br />
cvlilebebis realizacia swrafad ganviTarebad samarTlebriv<br />
garemoSi rTuli aRmoCnda. prezident saakaSvilis<br />
mTavrobas xSirad akritikebdnen aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaSi<br />
zedmeti Zalauflebis koncentraciis gamo. 2007<br />
wlis noemberSi qveyanas protestis talRa moedo da prezidentma<br />
saakaSvilma sagangebo mdgomareoba gamoacxada.<br />
Tavdapirvelad, prezidenti saakaSvili ar iziarebda<br />
opoziciis mier prezidentis gadadgomis moTxovnas, Tumca<br />
2007 wlis 25 noembers prezidenti gadadga da 2008 wlis<br />
ianvarSi axali saprezidento arCevnebi dainiSna. prezidenti<br />
saakaSvili xelaxla iqna arCeuli xmebis 53.5%. Tumca,<br />
bevrma damkvirvebelma arCevnebi gayalbebulad miiCnia.<br />
2008 wlis maisSi gamarTul arCevnebSi prezidentis gaer-<br />
Tainebulma nacionalurma moZraobamac parlamentSi 120<br />
adgili (80%) moipova.<br />
24 25
samarTlebrivi sistemis mimoxilva<br />
damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m mniSvnelovani<br />
nabijebi gadadga kanonis uzenaesobis dasamyareblad.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m post-sabWouri konstitucia 1995 wlis 24 agvistos<br />
miiRo. konstitucia uzrunvelyofs adamianis ZiriTad<br />
uflebebs, maT Soris piris uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gziT dacvis uflebas. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 42). amasTan konstitucia uzrunvelyofs Zalauflebis<br />
danawilebis principsa da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisuflebis<br />
damoukideblobas. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 5, 4, 82, 3).<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> aris respublika, romelsac gaaCnia marTvis<br />
saprezidento modeli da erTpalatiani parlamenti.. qveyana<br />
dayofilia regionalur da urbanul administraciul er-<br />
Teulebad. 2004 wels cvlilebebi Sevida konstituciaSi axali<br />
samTavrobo struqturis uzrunvelsayofad. aRniSnulma<br />
cvlilebebma parlamentis Zalaufleba Seasusta da gaaZliera<br />
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis gavlena mTavrobaze.<br />
cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, prezidenti asrulebs rogorc saxelmwifos<br />
meTauris funqcias, ise Sinagan saqmeTa da Tavdacvis<br />
saministroebis specialuri marTvis funqcias. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 69.1, 73.1(g)). <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mTavroba<br />
Sedgeba premier-ministrisa da sxva ministrebisagan, romelTac<br />
xelmZRvanelobs premier-ministri. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 78.2, 79.1. 2005 wels, konstitucia kvlav Seicvala<br />
da parlamentis wevrTa raodenoba 235 wevridan 150 wevramde<br />
Semcirda, romelTagan 100 proporciuli wesiT, xolo 50<br />
– maJoritaruli sistemiT oTxi wlis vadiT airCeva.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 49.1). <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> warmoadgens<br />
samsafexurian sistemas, romelic Sedgeba raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo), saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisa da uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sagan. amasTan, sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gaaCnia<br />
eqskluziuri iurisdiqcia sakonstitucio sakiTxebze.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iuridiuli sistema formalurad efuZneba samoqalaqo<br />
samarTlis tradiciebs, Tumca marTlmsajulebis<br />
fundameturi buneba amJamad mniSnelovan cvlilebebs ganicdis<br />
da TiTqos ufro saerTo samarTlis sistemas uaxlovdeba.<br />
konstitucia iTvleba saxelmwifos uzenaes kanonad.<br />
amdenad, yvela kanoni da sxva sakanonmdeblo aqti unda<br />
Seesabamebodes konstitucias. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 6.1). <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s meir ratificirebul saerTaSoriso<br />
xelSekrulebebs, romlebic <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucias Seesabameba,<br />
upiratesi Zala aqvT adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobis<br />
mimarT, Tuki is ewinaaRmdegeba maT. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 6.2).<br />
1999 wels <strong>saqarTvelo</strong> evropis sabWoSi gawevrianda. 1999<br />
wlis 20 maiss, qveyanam adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi<br />
Tavisuflebebis evropis konvenciis ratificireba moaxdina<br />
da evropis adamianis uflebebis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s iurisdiqcias<br />
daeqvemdebara. sarCeli adamianis uflebebisa da Ziri-<br />
Tadi Tavisuflebebis evropis konvenciis darRvevasTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT SeiZleba waredginos everopis adamianis uflebaTa<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mxolod yvela adgilobrivi saSualebis amowurvis<br />
Semdeg.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s respublikis umaRlesi sabWos mier 1990 wels<br />
gamocemuli kanonebis mixedviT iseve, rogorc Semdgom wlebSi<br />
gamocemuli dadgenilebebis mixedviT, Camoyalibda post-sabWouri<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistema. aRniSnuli sistema moicavda,<br />
rogorc samxedro <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs, aseve saarbitraJo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs<br />
komerciuli davebis gadasawyvetad. 1997 wlis 13<br />
ivniss miRebuli saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb organuli<br />
kanoniT, gauqmda saarbitraJo da samxedro <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi<br />
da Seiqmna samsafexuriani <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistema, romelic<br />
Sedgeba raionuli, saolqo saapelacio da uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisagan.<br />
(ix. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organouli kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. miRebulia 1997 wlis 13 ivniss)).<br />
raionul <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi ganixileboda sisxlis,<br />
samoqalaqo da administraciuli saqmeebi. saolqo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi<br />
ganixilavda apelaciebs raionul <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi<br />
miRebul gadawvetilebebze. agreTve maT gaaCndaT pirveli<br />
26 27
instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s uflebamosileba mniSvnelovani<br />
sisxlis samarTlis an samoqalaqo saqmeebis gansaxilvelad<br />
(mag. samoqalaqo saqmeebi 500 000 larze meti RirebulebiT,<br />
rac daaxloebiT 282 485 aSS dolars Seadgens) 2<br />
winamdebare angariSSi, qarTul larSi moyvanili Tanxebi<br />
gadayvanilia aSS dolarSi, gamokiTxvis Catarebis periodSi<br />
arsebuli valutis kursis mixedviT (1 aSS dolari = 1.77<br />
lars).<br />
. uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> asrulebda sakasacio funqcias da<br />
ganixilavda sakasacio saCivrebs saolqo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
gadawyvetilebebze. amave dros, uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> asrulebda<br />
pirveli instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s funqcias gansakuTrebiT<br />
rTuli kategoriis saqmeebze.<br />
2005 wlis ivnisSi, `saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb~ organul<br />
kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebiT, SenarCunebul iqna <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
sam safexuriani sistema, Tumca saolqo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
(amJamad "saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi") da uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s pirveli instanciis iurisdiqcia raionul<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs gadaeca. aRniSnuli cvlileba ZalaSi 2005<br />
wlis 1 noembers Sevida. amasTan, aRniSnulma sakanonmdeblo<br />
cvlilebam uzrunvelyo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemis reorganizacia,<br />
romelic winamdebare angariSis Sedgenis momentSi dasrulebuli<br />
ar iyo. raionuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi erTiandeba erT<br />
raionul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>d, rac Seamcirebs pirveli<br />
instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis ricxvs 75-dan 15-de; moxdeba<br />
magistrati mosamarTleebis daniSvna administraciul-teritoriul<br />
erTeulebSi, romlebic raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
iurisdiqcias daeqvemdebarebian da ganixilaven<br />
naklebad mniSvnelovan saqmeebs magaliTad rogoricaa, 2000<br />
laramde (daaxloebiT 1 130 aSS dolari) Rirebulebis davebi.<br />
amasTan, magistratebs eniWebaT SezRuduli uflebamosileba,<br />
ganixilon sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi munici-<br />
1 winamdebare angariSSi, qarTul larSi moyvanili Tanxebi gadayvanilia<br />
aSS dolarSi, gamokiTxvis Catarebis periodSi arsebuli<br />
valutis kursis mixedviT (1 aSS dolari = 1.77 lars).<br />
palitetebSi, romelTac raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
ar gaaCniaT. magistrati mosamarTleebi ganixilaven samoqalaqo<br />
saqmeebsac romelTa Rirebuleba 2000 laramdea (daaxloebiT<br />
1 130 aSS dolaramde). xolo, ganqorwinebis da Svilad<br />
ayvanis sakiTxebi ganixileba raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
mier. reorganizaciis mosalodneli dadebiTi Sedegia<br />
is, rom mosamarTleebi imuSaveben ufro viwro specializaciiT.<br />
meore mxriv, reorganizaciis Sedegad mosalodnelia, rom<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemam gamocdili mosamarTleebi dakargos,<br />
xolo raionul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi axlad daniSnul<br />
mosamarTleebs iseTi rTuli saqmeebis ganxilva mouwevT,<br />
romlebic adre ufro maRali instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi<br />
ganixileboda. aRniSnuli cvlilebebi sirTuleebs Seuqmnis<br />
mxareebsac, radgan maT mouwevT mniSvnelovan manZilze<br />
mgzavroba uaxloes raionul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>mde, rac<br />
saboloo jamSi, marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobas Seamcirebs.<br />
2004 wlis TebervalSi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciaSi miRebul<br />
iqna cvlileba, romlis Tanaxmad saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi<br />
nafici msajulebis sistema dainergeba "kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul<br />
SemTxvevebSi da wesiT." (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia<br />
muxli 82.5). Tumca, winamdebare angariSis Sedgenis<br />
momentSi, sisxlis samarTlis axali saproceso kodeqsi,<br />
romelmac unda gansazRvros nafic msajulTa roli, miRebuli<br />
ar iyo. 3<br />
3 savaraudod, nafici msajulebis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Sedgeba 12 wevrisagan,<br />
romlebic SemTxveviTi wesiT airCevian saarCevno siidan da<br />
gaivlian nafic msajulTa SerCevis process mosamarTlisa da saqmis<br />
mxareebis monawileobiT. pirveladi gegmis Sesabamisad, nafici msajulebis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> mxolod erTi danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi gaimarTeba<br />
– ganzrax mkvleloba damamZimebeli garemoebebiT da mxolod<br />
TbilisSi. naficma msajulebma unda gadawyviton faqtobrivi<br />
sakiTxebi, gamoitanon gamamtyunebeli an gamamarTlebeli<br />
verdiqti da miiRon rekomendaciebi sasjelze. gansasjelis gamamarTlebeli<br />
verdiqti sabolooa da gasaCivrebas ar eqvemdebareba.<br />
28 29
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s struqtura<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistema Sedgeba raionuli (saqalaqo),<br />
saapelacio da uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisagan, romelTac<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs uwodeben. amasTan, arsebobs sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>c, romelic gancalkevebulia saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis sistemisagan..<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi wamoadgenen pirveli<br />
instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs, romelTa ricxvi da teritoriuli<br />
gansjadoba ganisazRvreba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
sabWos mier. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 13.1). saqalaqo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
iurisdiqcia vrceldeba qalaqSi, sadac is mdebareobs,<br />
xolo raionuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s iurisdiqcia vrceldeba<br />
qalaqis farglebs gareT regionis teritoriaze. raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> unda dakompleqtdes ori an meti<br />
mosamarTliT (erTi sisxlis samarTlis, xolo meore –<br />
samoqalaqo da administraciuli saqmeebis gansaxilvelad)<br />
da magistrati mosamarTleebiT iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos<br />
Sexedulebisamebr. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 14). winamdebare angariSis<br />
Sedgenis momentSi, daniSnuli iyo Svidi magistrati<br />
mosamarTle. damatebiTi magistrati mosamarTleebis daniSvna<br />
2008 wlis bolosaTvis igegmeba. amJamad, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s 206 mosamarTle da 9<br />
vakansia arsebobs. raionul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi saqmeebi<br />
erTi mosamarTlis mier, an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul<br />
SemTxvevebSi (e.i. mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi) kolegiurad<br />
3 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT ganixileba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
15.1). aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWo uflebamosilia, droebiT miavlinos mosamarTle<br />
sxva raionuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>dan saqmis kolegialurad<br />
gansaxilvelad. magistrati mosamarTleebi saqmeebs<br />
erTpirovnulad ganixilaven. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 15.2).<br />
saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi warmoadgens meore instancias<br />
da Seqmnilia iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mier. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 19). TiToeuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Sedgeba samoqalaqo, adminisatraciuli<br />
da sisxlis samarTlis palatebisagan da<br />
sagamoZiebo kolegiisagan. (ix. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 20.2). saapelacio<br />
sasamarTlebi ganixilaven saapelacio saCivrebs raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis gadawyvetilebebze da<br />
agreTve davebs, romelic warmoSobilia saarCevno kodeqsidan.<br />
saqmeebi ganixileba kolegiurad, 3 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 21.1). amJamad saapelacio sasamarTleobi<br />
funqcionirebs Tbilissa da quTaisSi. aRniSnul <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi<br />
57 mosamarTle, 9 vakansiaa.<br />
TbilisSi mdebare uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> warmoadgens<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s umaRles <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s. 2005 wlidan uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> eqskluziurad sakasacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s funqcias<br />
asrulebs. mas erTiani <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> praqtikis uzrunvelyofa,<br />
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis zedamxedveloba<br />
da marTlmsajulebis ganviTarebisaTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis<br />
gadawyveta evaleba. igi ganixilavs dabali instanciebis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis gadawyvetilebebs, Tumca ar axdens<br />
TviT faqtebis xelaxla Semowmebas (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 90.1; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 9.1-2.) da aqvs saqmeTa Ser-<br />
Cevis ufleba saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
safuZvlebiT. uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Sedgeba samoqalaqo,<br />
samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis, administraciul<br />
saqmeTa palatisa da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatisagan,<br />
didi palatisa da plenumisagan (romelSic uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s yvela mosamarTle Sedis) da disciplinuri<br />
kolegiisagan. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 7.1). <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
18 mosamarTlea, Tavmjdomarisa da misi sami moadgilis<br />
CaTvliT. sxvadasxva palata ganixilavs saqmeebs sami<br />
30 31
mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT, Tumca 9-wevriani didi palata<br />
ganixilavs gansakuTrebuli sirTulis saqmeebs (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 9.3, 10.1, 10.3). amasTan, uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s miniWebuli<br />
aqvs uflebamosileba, ganixilos saqmeebi pirveli instanciiT<br />
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevbSi da ganixilos apelaciebi<br />
mosamarTleTa disciplinur devnaze. garda amisa,<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> uflebamosilia daadasturos <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
prezidentis, uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomaris, generaluri<br />
prokuroris, kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomaris,<br />
mTavrobis wevris, erovnuli bankis sabWos wevris mier Cadenili<br />
sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli an saxelmwifo Ralati,<br />
riTac parlaments eZleva maTi Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebis<br />
safuZveli. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli<br />
63, 64, 75.2(b)).<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisuflebas<br />
axorcielebs sakonstitucio wesiT da mdebareobs aWaris<br />
avtonomiuri respublikis qalaq baTumSi. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> formalurad<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> korpuss ar miekuTvneba da damoukidebelia<br />
yvela sajaro uwyebisagan, igi cxra mosamarTlisagan<br />
Sedgeba, , Tavmjdomaris ori moadgilisa da mdivnis CaTvliT.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 88.2. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 5). <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> ganixilavs sakonstitucio sa-<br />
Civrebs da gancxadebebs cxra wevrisagan Semdgar plenumze<br />
Tavmjdomaris xelmZRvanelobiT, an oTxi wevrisagan Semdgar<br />
or kolegiaze, romelsac <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomaris<br />
moadgile xelmZRvanelobs. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 11. 12.1(d), 13.1).<br />
kanonTa konstituciurobis dadgenis uflebamosilebasTan<br />
erTad <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gaaCnia ramdenime damatebiTi uflebamosileba,<br />
romelTagan ramdenimes politikuri mniSvneloba<br />
aqvs. (ix. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 54.1, 63, 64, 75.2(a), 89.1).<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> korpusis administrireba<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> korpusis mraval funqcias <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWo asrulebs. is <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisuflebis<br />
organoa da 15 wevrisagan Sedgeba, maT Soris uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare (romelic amave dros iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWos Tavmjdomarea), mosamarTleTa konferenciis<br />
mier arCeuli saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis rva mosamarTle,<br />
parlamentis iuridiuli komitetis Tavmjdomare,<br />
parlamentis mier daniSnuli sami wevri da prezidentis<br />
mier daniSnuli ori wevri, 4 (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s orgauli kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 60.2-60.6). 2006<br />
wlis dekemberSi miRebuli konstituciisa da Sedegad saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb organuli kanonis cvlilebebis<br />
Sesabamisad, iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo aRar warmoadgens<br />
prezidentis sakonsultacio organos <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
sakiTxebze, aramed amJamad iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo pasuxismgebelia<br />
maT Soris mosamarTleTa SerCevasa da daniSvnaze,<br />
sakvalifikacio gamocdebis komisiis wevrebis nominaciaze,<br />
sakvalifikacio gamocdebis organizebaze, mosamarTleebis<br />
winaaRmdeg disciplinur samarTalwarmoebaze, mosamarTleTa<br />
gaTavisuflebaze, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> administrirebis<br />
wesebis miRebaze da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong>aTvis rekomendaciebis<br />
SemuSavebaze. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli<br />
86. 1 1; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s orgauli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 60.1, 63.1).<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis materialur-teqnikuri<br />
uzrunvelyofis departamenti (agreTve cnobili, rogorc<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamenti), romelic iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWos struqturas warmoadgens, pasuxismgebelia<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis materialur-teqnikur<br />
uzrunvelyofaze. misi funqciebi moicavs<br />
4 iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos Semadgenloba da wevrTa raodenoba<br />
ramdenjerme Seicvala <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s 2005 wlis<br />
pirveli gamocemis Semdeg, ramac iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos SemadgenlobaSi<br />
mosamarTle wevrTa raodenoba gazarda.<br />
32 33
pasuxismgeblobas <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> finansebis marTvaze, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisaTvis<br />
adeqvaturi Senobebis gamoyofaze, maT momaragebaze<br />
kanonmdeblobis teqstebiTa da sxva dokumentebiT<br />
da a.S. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 70-71).<br />
kidev erTi organo, romelsac <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> korpusis zedamxedvelobis<br />
mniSvnelovani funqcia gaaCnia, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosamarTleTa<br />
konferenciaa, romelic Seiqmna TviT-mmarTveli<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> organos saxiT da Sedgeba uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s,<br />
saapelacio da raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleTagan. misi mizania samosamarTlo damoukideblobis<br />
dacva da gaZliereba, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> korpusisadmi sazogadoebrivi<br />
ndobis amaRleba da mosamarTleTa avtoritetis<br />
gazrda. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s orgauli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 77). mosamarTleTa konferencia<br />
damoukidebeli aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebisagan<br />
da misi dafinanseba saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
biujetidan xdeba. mosamarTleTa konferenciis yvelaze<br />
mniSvnellovani funqciebi albaT iusticiis umaRlesi sab-<br />
Wos mdivnisa da mosamarTle wevrebis arCeva (uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomaris wardginebiT) da samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis kodeqsis miRebaa (iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos rekomendaciiT).<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s orgauli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 79).<br />
mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze daniSvnis wesi<br />
kvalifikacia<br />
mosamarTle SeiZleba iyos <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s moqalaqe 28 wlis<br />
asakidan, Tu mas aqvs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba da<br />
specialobiT muSaobis sul cota 5 wlis gamocdileba.<br />
agreTve is saxelmwifo enas unda flobdes. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 86.1; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s orgauli kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 46.1; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
20.1). saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTled ar SeiZleba gamwesdes<br />
nasamarTlobis mqone piri, an piri, romelic gaTavisuflebulia<br />
Tanamdebobidan disciplinaruli gadacdomis,<br />
an misi TanamdebobisTvis SeuTavsebel saqmianobaSi 5 monawileobis<br />
gamo, an Tu mas Seuwyda uflebamisleba (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 46.2, 54(g), 54(d). (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 20.3).<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTle SeiZleba iyos<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s moqalaqe, romelsac Seusrulda 30 weli da<br />
aqvs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 88.4; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 7.1). sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si dasaniSnad kanoni ar moiTxovs iuristad<br />
muSaobis gamocdilebas da saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleebisagan gansxvavebiT, sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleebs ar moeTxovebaT sakvalifikacio<br />
gamocdis Cabareba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saer-<br />
5 mosamarTleebs ekrZalebaT sxva anazRaurebadi saqmianobis ganxorcieleba,<br />
garda pedagogiurisa, agreTve maT ekrZalebaT politikur<br />
kavSirsa an partiaSi gawevrianeba da politikur saqminaobaSi<br />
monawileoba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 26.5, 86.3;<br />
ix. aqarTvelos kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
20.4; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 17).<br />
34 35
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 46.2).<br />
daniSvna da uflebamosilebis vada<br />
2007 wlis ivnisSi, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iusticiis umaRles sabWos<br />
mieniWa raionuli (saqalaqo) da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleebis daniSvnisa da gaTavisulebis uflebamosileba.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 86. 1 1.) mosamarTlis<br />
vakansia sajarod cxaddeba da iusiticiis umaRlesi<br />
sabWo uflebamosilia daniSnos kandidatura TiToeul<br />
vakansiaze kandidatis sakvalifikacio gamocdaze miRebuli<br />
qulebis, profesionalizmisa da moraluri reputaciis, Tavisuflad<br />
da miukerZoeblad Sefasebis SesaZleblobis, profesiuli<br />
gamocdilebisa da fizikuri janmrTelobis safuZvelze.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 47.) saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleebi<br />
iniSnebian 10 wlis vadiT. kanoni ar krZalavs<br />
maT meore vadiT daniSvnas.(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 86.2; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 49.1) uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomare da uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s sxva mosamarTleebi<br />
iniSnebian 10 wlis vadiT parlamentis mier xmaTa umravlesobiT<br />
prezidentis wardginebis safuZvelze. kanoni ar krZalavs<br />
maT meore vadiT daniSvnas. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 90.2; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 20.2, 21)<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebi iniSnebian xelisuflebis<br />
sxvadasxva Stos mier. prezidenti niSnavs sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s sam wevrs, parlamenti irCevs sam<br />
mosamarTles, xolo uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> niSnavs darCenil<br />
sam mosamarTles. maTi uflebamosilebis vada ganisazRvreba<br />
10 wliT da maTi meore vadiT daniSvna dauSvebulia.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 88.2-88.3; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 7 1 -7 3 , 8). sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomaris,<br />
ori moadgilisa da sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mdivnis<br />
arCeva xdeba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleTa xmaTa umravlesobiT.<br />
Tavmjdomaris Tanamdebobaze kandidats prezidenti,<br />
parlamentis Tavmjdomare da uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare<br />
asaxeleben, xolo moadgileebisa da mdivnis kandidaturebs<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare asaxelebs.<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare, moadgileebi<br />
da mdivani iniSnebian 5 wlis vadiT da maTi meore<br />
vadiT daniSvna, mdivnis garda, dauSvebulia. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 10, 14.1).<br />
treningi<br />
amJamad, mosamarTleTa treningis moTxovnebi gardamaval<br />
etapzea. Tanamdebobaze daniSvnamde mosamarTleobis kandidatebma<br />
unda Caabaron obieqturi werilobiTi gamocda da<br />
gasaubreba. iusticiis umaRlesi skola 2006 wlis aprilSi<br />
Seiqmna da misi mizani momavali mosamarTleebisaTvis treningisa<br />
da moqmedi mosamarTleebisaTvis, mosamarTleobis<br />
kandidatebis, mosamarTleebis TanaSemweebis da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
sxva kadrebis uwyveti iuridiuli ganaTlebis uzerunvelyofaa.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni iusticiis umaRlesi skolis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 1.2-1.3 (miRebulia 2005 wlis 28 dekembers,<br />
2008 wlis 11 martis cvlilebiT)). iusticiis umaRlesma skolam,<br />
romelic dafinansebis udides nawils saxelmwifosagan iRebs,<br />
Secvala arasamTavrobo samosamarTlo swavlebis centri.<br />
warsulSi, raionul (saqalaqo) da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>eb-<br />
Si axlad daniSnuli mosamarTleebi, uflebamosilebis Sesrulebis<br />
dawyebamde, valdebulni iyvnen gaevloT specialuri<br />
orkviriani treningi, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac maT<br />
gaaCndaT mosamarTled muSaobis erTi wlis gamocdileba<br />
mainc. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s orgauli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 69.1., 69.2). xolo, momavalSi mosamarTleobis<br />
kandidatebs iusticiis umaRles skolaSi 14<br />
Tviani saswavlo programis gavla mouwevT. aseTi saswavlo<br />
kursi ukve arsebobs, Tumca yvela axali mosamarTle ar<br />
iRebs masSi monawileobas. aRniSnuli kursi moicavs leqcie-<br />
36 37
sa da seminarebs samarTlis Teoriaze, staJirebas <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
samive doneze, rac uzrunvelyofs praqtikul<br />
gamocdilebas da sadiplomo naSromis momzadebas. studentTa<br />
pirveli nakadisaTvis saswavlo kursi 2007 wlis dekember-<br />
Si daiwyo da 2009 wlis dasawyisSi dasruldeba.<br />
moqmedi mosamarTleebisaTvis treningis gavla savaldebulo<br />
ar aris, Tumca eTikis kodeqsi maT amisaken mouwodebs.<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi skola mosamarTleebisaTvis uwyveti<br />
iuridiuli ganaTlebis kursebis pirvelwyaroa, Tumca igi<br />
agreTve koordinacias uwevs mosamarTleebisaTvis uwyveti<br />
iuridiuli ganaTlebis damatebiTi kursebis dagemvasa da<br />
organizebas, romlebsac adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso<br />
organizaciebi atareben..<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s<br />
2008 wlis analizi<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom angariSSi moyvanili Sefasebis mizania<br />
Segveqmnas warmodgena konkretuli sakiTxebis statusis<br />
Sesaxeb, <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong> xazs usvams, rom <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
<strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s 2005 wlis gamocemaSi mocemuli faqtor-<br />
Ta Sefaseba da daskvnebi ufro sasargeblo xdeba, rodesac<br />
is mocemul analizTan erTad da <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
<strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s 2005 wlis gamocemasTan SedarebiT ganixileba.<br />
<strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong> miiCnevs, rom konkretuli Sefasebis mniSvneloba<br />
garantirebs momdevno Seswavlis Catarebas. am mxriv,<br />
<strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong> elis komentarebs da informacias, romelic miscems<br />
mas saSualebas moamzados ufro daxvewili da detaluri<br />
angariSi momavali <strong>indeqsi</strong>saTvis. <strong>ABA</strong> <strong>ROLI</strong>-is miaCnia,<br />
rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s Sefasebis procesi warmoadgens<br />
mimdinare <strong>reformis</strong> monitoringis nawils.<br />
faqtorTa CamonaTvali<br />
38 39
I. xarisxi, ganaTleba da mravalferovneba<br />
faqtori 1: mosamarTleTa kvalifikacia da momzadeba<br />
mosamarTleebs gaaCniaT formaluri umaRlesi iuridiuli<br />
ganaTleba da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s winaSe praqtikis gamocdileba.<br />
amave dros, mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis dakavebamde, maT unda<br />
gaiaron Sesabamisi saswavlo kursebi (ufasod mosamarTleebisaTvis),<br />
sadac Seiswavlian kanonis materialur da procesualuri<br />
nawilebs, gaecnobian mosamarTlis rols sazogadoebaSi<br />
da kulturul Taviseburebebs.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
mosamarTleebs unda gaaCndeT umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba<br />
da sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleTa<br />
garda, 5 wlis iuristad muSaobis gamocdileba, Tumca,<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s winaSe gamosvlis gamocdileba ar aris<br />
savaldebulo. amave dros, kandidatebma unda Caabaron<br />
sakvalifikacio gamocda. iuridiuli ganaTlebis sferoSi<br />
ganxorcielebuli gaumjobeseba samomavlod axlad daniSnuli<br />
mosamarTleebis kvalifikaciaze moaxdens dadebiT<br />
gavlenas. amasTan, iusticiis umaRles skolaSi dainerga 14<br />
Tviani saswavlo kursi, romelic momavalSi mosamarTleobis<br />
yvela kandidatma unda gaiaros.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis raionuli (saqalaqo), saapelacio<br />
da uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi) mosamarTleobis kandidatebi<br />
unda iyvnen <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s moqalaqeebi 28 wlis asakidan, Tu<br />
maT aqvT umaRlesi iuridiuli gamocdileba da specialobiT<br />
muSaobis sul cota 5 wlis staJi da floben saxelmwifo<br />
enas (qarTuls). (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli<br />
86.1; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 46.1; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
40 41
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 20.1). 5 wlis staJi<br />
ar gulisxmobs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si praqtikas. sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s amJamindeli da warsuli wevrebis garda, saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleobis kandidatebma aseve<br />
sakvalifikacio gamocda unda Caabaron. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli<br />
kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
46.1, 46.5; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 20.1). damatebiTi informaciisaTvis agreTve ix. faqtori<br />
2. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si prezidentis<br />
mier daniSnuli samarTlis gamoCenili specialistebi iseve,<br />
rogorc uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomareobis kandidati<br />
Tavisufldeba sakvalifikacio gamocdisagan. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
20.2). zemoT CamoTvlili moTxovnebis garda, saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTled ar SeiZleba gamwesdes nasamarTlevi<br />
piri, an is vinc adre gaTavisuflebuli iyo mosamarTlis<br />
Tanamdebobidan disciplinuri gadacdomis, an mosamarTlis<br />
TanamdebobasTan SeuTavsebeli saqmianobis gamo 6 .<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 46.2, 54(g)(d); <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 20.3).<br />
damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si iuridiuli<br />
fakultetebis momravleba, iuridiuli faklutetebis<br />
studentebis ricxvis zrda aRiniSneboda, ramac iuridiuli<br />
ganaTlebis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad Seamcira. (amerikis<br />
iuristTa asociacia. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> 2005w gv. 12; amerikis iuristTa asociacia,<br />
iuridiuli ganaTlebis Sefasebis saboloo angariSi,<br />
6 mosamarTlis Tanamdeboba SeuTavsebelia nebismier sxva TanamdebobasTan<br />
da anazRaurebad saqmianobasTan garda pedagogiuri saqmianobisa.<br />
mosamarTleebs ekrZalebaT politikuri gaerTianebis wevroba<br />
da politikur saqmianobaSi monawileoba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 26.5, 86.3; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 51; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli<br />
kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 20.4; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
17).<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> gv. 10-15 (2005 wlis noemberi)). gamokiTxulTa<br />
informaciiT, mas Semdeg mdgomareoba gaumjobesda. magali-<br />
Tad, formaluri akreditaciis procesis danergvam iuridiuli<br />
fakultetebis ricxvi 240-dan 28 akreditebul fakultetamde<br />
Seamcira, xolo 10 fakulteti amJamad akreditaciis<br />
molodinSia. am darCenil fakultetebze swavlebis xarisxi<br />
gaumjobesda. leqtorTa SerCeva konkursis wesiT xdeba.<br />
gaizarda interaqtiuli swavlebis meTodikis gamoyenebis<br />
sixSire da ufro meti yuradReba eTmoba praqtikul unar-<br />
Cvevebs. iuridiul fakultetebze gamocdebis umetesoba am-<br />
Jamad werilobiTi formiT tardeba da ara zepirad. korufcia<br />
iuridiuli ganaTlebis sferoSi praqtikulad aRmoifxvra.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni 2004 wels<br />
iqna miRebuli. aRniSnuli kanonis Tanaxmad, students eniWeba<br />
bakalavris diplomi 4 (an 3) saswavlo wlis Semdeg, xolo<br />
magistris diplomi – 2 damatebiTi saswavlo wlis Semdeg.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
46.1-46.2). amasTan, iuridiul fakultetebs aqvT boloniis<br />
deklaraciasTan Sesabamisi sakredito sistema, romelic<br />
studentebs yovelwliurad 60 kreditis mgrovebas sTxovs,<br />
sul 240 kreditidan bakalavris diplomis misaRebad, xolo<br />
magistris diplomisaTvis – damatebiT 120 kreditis miRebas.<br />
gamokiTxulTa azriT, iuridiuli fakultetis kursdamTavrebulT,<br />
romelTac mxolod bakalavris diplomi aqvT,<br />
karieruli perspeqtivebi SezRuduli aqvT, magaliTad sapatrulo<br />
policiaSi an gamomZieblad muSaoba. rogorc wesi,<br />
samagistro programebSi swavlas studentebis erT mesamedze<br />
naklebi agrZelebs. gamokiTxulTa informaciiT, mosamarTleebis<br />
umravlesobas magistris diplomis eqvivalenturi<br />
diplomi aqvT.<br />
ukanasknel wlebSi iuridiuli fakultetebis bazaze Camoyalibda<br />
ramdenime klinikuri ganaTlebis programa. magali-<br />
Tad, 2006 wels, amerikis iuristTa asociaciis dafinansebiT<br />
gaixsna piloturi iuridiuli klinika baTumis saxelmwifo<br />
42 43
universitetSi, sadac studentebi mosaxleobas qonebrivi<br />
davebis gadawyvetaSi exmarebian. 2006 wlidan, programaSi 50mde<br />
studentma (daaxloebiT aTi studenti semestrSi) miiRo<br />
monawileoba. 2007 wels, amerikis iuristTa asociaciam Seqmna<br />
samoqalaqo da administraciuli samarTlis klinika quTaisis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetSi. misi dafuZnebis dRidan, quTaisis<br />
iuridiuli klinikis programaSi sul 24- ma srudentma<br />
miiRo monawileoba (12 studenti TiTo semestrSi). rogorc<br />
baTumis, ise quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetma aRniSnuli<br />
klinikuri programebi TavianT samagistro programaSi Car-<br />
To.<br />
amave dros, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetma praqtikuli<br />
samarTlis programa (romelsac Tavdapirvelad amerikis<br />
iuristTa asociacia axorcielebda) oficialurad CarTo<br />
samagistro programaSi. aRniSnuli programis farglebSi,<br />
studentebi saSualo skolis moswavleebs aswavlian kanonis<br />
uzenaesobisa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. amerikis<br />
iuristTa asociacia ganagrZobs praqtikuli samarTlis programis<br />
ganxorcielebas damatebiT xuT qalaqSi. esenia: ba-<br />
Tumi, quTaisi, axalcixe, gori da Telavi. aRniSnul prgramebSi<br />
CarTuli yvela studenti gadis akademiur components, romelic<br />
klinikebSi maTi muSaobis prqtikuli samuSaos Sesavsebad<br />
specialurad aris Seqmnili. amave dros, isini eswrebian<br />
amerikis iuristTa asociaciis da sxva organizaciebis mier<br />
organizebul sxvadasxva saswavlo kursebs, maT Soris<br />
amerikis iuristTa asociaciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> advokatirebis<br />
sawyis kurss. aRniSnul klinikur programebTan erTad,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iurist studentTa asociacia, uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sa<br />
da amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mxardaWeriT,<br />
atarebs saqveyno modeluri <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sejibrebebsa da<br />
olimpiadebs sisxlis, samoqalaqo da administraciul samarTalSi.<br />
iuridiuli ganaTlebisa da praqtikuli gamocdilebis qonasTan<br />
erTad, mosamarTleobis kandidatebma damatebiTi moTxovnebic<br />
unda daakmayofilon. uaxloes momavalSi yvela<br />
mosamarTleobis kandidati, romelsac Cabarebuli aqvs mosamarTleTa<br />
sakvalifikacio gamocda (ix. faqtori 2) valdebuli<br />
iqneba, gaiaros 14 Tviani saswavlo kursi iusticiis<br />
umaRles skolaSi. saswavlo kursis pirveli cxra Tve eTmoba<br />
leqciebsa da seminarebs, ori Tve ki – staJirebas <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
samive doneze. saswavlo kursi moicavs rogorc<br />
Teoriasa da praqtikas, ise sadiplomo naSroms. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
kanoni iusticiis umaRlesi skolis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
19, agreTve ix. muxli 22-28). iusticiis umaRlesi skolis<br />
saswavlo programa moicavs Semdeg sagnebs: samoqalaqo, administraciul<br />
da sisxlis samarTalSi kvalifikaciis sakiTxebi,<br />
sakonstitucio samarTali, disci plina adamianis<br />
uflebebis Sesaxeb, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s marTva da saqmis warmoeba.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni iusticiis umaRlesi skolis Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 20). iusticiis umaRles skolaSi swavlis period-<br />
Si, studentebi sti pendias iReben, romelic sul mcire pirveli<br />
instanciis mosamarTleTa yovelTviuri xelfasis erT<br />
meoTxeds unda Seadgendes. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi skolis Sesaxeb. muxli 16).<br />
rodesac iusticiis umaRlesi skolis studentTaA pirveli<br />
nakadi programas daasrulebs, mosamarTleobis yvela kandidati<br />
valdebuli iqneba gaiaros aRniSnuli 14 Tviani programa<br />
mosamarTled daniSvnamde. am momentamde, yvela momavali<br />
mosamarTle ar aris valdebuli, gaiaros aRniSnuli<br />
programa. samagierod, maT unda gaiaron specialuri, ufro<br />
moklevadiani kursi iusticiis umaRles skolaSi, sanam Seudgebian<br />
samosamarTlo funqciebis Sesrulebas. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 47.8, 69).<br />
specialuri kursi orientirebulia procedurul sakiTxebze,<br />
romlebic mosamarTleebisaTvis aris mniSvnelovani da<br />
ara materialur samarTalsa Tu procesze. kursis xangr-<br />
Zlivoba iusticiis umaRlesi skolis mier ganisazRvreba<br />
da kanonis Tanaxmad, 3 Tves ar unda aRematebodes. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 69.1).<br />
realurad ki kursi ori kviris ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba.<br />
mosamarTlis mier aRniSnuli kursis arasapatio mizeziT<br />
44 45
gacdena SeiZleba misi gaTavisuflebis safuZveli gaxdes.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 54.1). mosamarTleobis is kandidatebi, romelTac aqvT<br />
mosamarTled muSaobis erTwliani gamocdileba mainc, ar<br />
arian valdebulni gaiaron rogorc 14 Tviani programa, ise –<br />
specialuri, ufro moklevadiani kursi. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 69.2)<br />
iuridiuli ganaTlebis sferoSi ganxorcielebuli reforma<br />
da iusticiis umaRlesi skolis Seqmna <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si<br />
mosamarTleebis kvalifikaciisa da momzadebis sferoSi mniSvnelovan<br />
winsvlas warmoadgens. Tumca, aRniSnuli gaumjobesebis<br />
gavlena mosamarTleobis kandidatebis kvalifikaciis<br />
xarisxze jer kidev ucnobi rCeba. iusticiis umaRlesi skolis<br />
studentTa pirvel nakads winamdebare angariSis Sedgenis<br />
momentisaTvis swavla jer dasrulebuli ar hqonda da iusticiis<br />
umaRles skolas, gamokiTxulTa azriT, sakmarisi<br />
kvalificiuri kadri ar hyavda yvela saWiro kursis saswavleblad.<br />
amasTan, iusticiis umaRlesma skolam studentTa<br />
pirveli nakadi mxolod 2007 wlis dekemberSi miiRo, xolo<br />
im droisaTvis moqmedma mosamarTleebma mosamarTled daniSvnamde<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi skolis kursebiT ver isargebles.<br />
bevr gamokiTxuls miaCnia, rom ukanasknel wlebSi<br />
mosamarTleebis daniSvnis xarisxi gaumjobesda iuridiuli<br />
ganaTlebis sferoSi ganxorcielebuli reformebis Sedegad.<br />
sxvebs ki sjeraT, rom aucilebelia damatebiTi RonisZiebebis<br />
miReba, radgan rTulia iseTi maRal-kvalificiuri<br />
kursdamTavrebulebis povna, romelTac mosamarTled muSaobis<br />
survili aqvT mosamarTleebis ukiduresi datvirTulobis<br />
gamo.<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTle SeiZleba iyos<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s moqalaqe 30 wlis asakidan, Tu mas aqvs umaRlesi<br />
iuridiuli ganaTleba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 88.4; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 7). arc <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia<br />
da arc <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonsti-<br />
tucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb pirdapir ar moiTxovs aRniSnul<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si daniSvnisaTvis samarTlebriv gamocdilebas,<br />
Tumca moiTxovs "profesiul gamocdilebas, romelic<br />
unda Seeferebodes sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s wevris ma-<br />
Ral statuss". (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 7.2).<br />
faqtori 2. SerCevisa da daniSvnis procesi<br />
mosamarTleebis SerCeva xdeba obieqturi kriteriumebis<br />
safuZvelze, rogoricaa, magaliTad, gamocdis Cabareba, iuridiuli<br />
fakultetis warmatebulad damTavreba, damatebi-<br />
Ti treningi, gamocdileba, profesionalizmi da reputacia<br />
iuristTa wreSi. politikuri elementebis arsebobis miuxedavad,<br />
sistema xels unda uwyobdes damoukidebeli da<br />
miukerZoebeli mosamarTleebis SerCevas.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa daniSvna xorcieldeba<br />
obieqturi kriteriumebis (sakvalifikacio gamocdis Cabareba)<br />
da subieqturi kriteriumebis safuZvelze. esenia: profesiuli<br />
da moraluri reputacia, profesiuli samuSao<br />
gamocdileba iseve, rogorc gasaubrebis warmatebiT gavla.<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo uflebamosilia ara mxolod<br />
waradginos, aramed daniSnos raionuli (saqalaqo) da saapelacio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebi, Tumca misi damoukideblobis<br />
xarisxi jer kidev ucnobia. sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
mosamarTleTa daniSvnis procedura naklebad<br />
gamWvirvalea da maTi SerCevis kriteriumebi kanoniT ar<br />
aris gansazRvruli.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
1997 wlidan2006 wlis dekembramde, konstituciis cvlilebam<br />
prezidents uflebamosileba mianiWa, daeniSna da ga-<br />
46 47
eTavisuflebina mosamarTleebi. 2005 wlis ivnisSi cvlilebebi<br />
Sevida <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organul kanonSi saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos Semadgenlobis<br />
7 , misi prezidentTan urTierTobisa da raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo) da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebis<br />
daniSvnasa da gaTavisuflebaze misi uflebamosilebis Secvlis<br />
mizniT. iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo amJamad 15 wevrisagan<br />
Sedgeba, romelTagan naxevari mainc mosamarTle unda<br />
iyos, rac samosamarTlo statutis evropuli qartiis 1.3-e<br />
princips Seesabameba. iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo Sedgeba<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomarisagan; saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
8 mosamarTlisagan, romelTac uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomare waradens da mosamarTleTa konferencia<br />
irCevs; parlamentis iuridiul sakiTxTa komitetis Tavmjdomarisagan;<br />
3 wevrisagan, romelTac parlamenti irCevs da<br />
prezidentis mier daniSnuli 2 wevrisagan (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
60.2-60.6). erT-erTma gamokiTxulma aRniSna, rom iusticiis<br />
umaRles sabWoSi aramosamarTleebis wevroba uzrunvelyofs,<br />
rom gaTvaliswinebul iqnas mTavrobis mosazrebebi.<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sakiTxebze prezidentis<br />
sakonsultacio organos aRar warmoadgens da aRar<br />
miawvdis mas rekomendaciebs mosamarTleebis daniSvnasa da<br />
gaTavisuflebasTan dakavSirebiT. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare (romelic amavdroulad iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWos Tavmjdomarea) an iusticiis sabWos mdivani<br />
uZRvebian sabWos sxdomebs prezidentis magier, rogorc<br />
es warsulSi xdeboda. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 60.2, 60.12). rac sakmaod<br />
mniSvnelovania, axla iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo pasuxismgebelia<br />
mosamarTleebis daniSvnasa da gaTavsuflebaze,<br />
7 unda aRiniSnos, rom iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos Semadgenloba<br />
ramdenjerme Seicvala 2005 wlis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>s<br />
pirveli gamocemis Semdeg. TiToeuli am cvlilebis Sedegad, iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWos mosamarTle wevrebis raodenoba gaizarda.<br />
sakvalifikacio sagamocdo komisiis wevrebis daniSvnaze,<br />
sakvalifikacio gamocdis Catarebaze da mosamarTleTa disciplinuri<br />
devnis ganxorcielebaze. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 86 1 .1 <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 60.1, 63.1). Tumca, mosamarTlis<br />
daniSvnis Sesaxeb nebismieri gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad<br />
aucilebelia sul cota xuTi wevris xma, maT Soris<br />
parlamentis mier arCeuli erTi wevrisa da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
xelisuflebis mier arCeuli erTi wevris xma, rac parlamentsa<br />
da prezidents potenciurad uflebamosilebas ani-<br />
Webs, aseT gadawyvetilebebs veto daadon. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
65.2 1 ). momavalSi gamoCndeba, Tu ramdenad Seuwyobs xels<br />
aRniSnuli cvlilebebi iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos gaZlierebas.<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) da saapelaco <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleobis<br />
kandidatobisaTvis aucilebelia sakvalifikacio<br />
gamocdis Cabareba, rac sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s am-<br />
Jamindel da yofil wevrebze ar vrceldeba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
46.1, 46.5). rogorc wesi, sakvalifikacio gamocda weliwadSi<br />
orjer tardeba. sakvalifikacio gamocdis Cabareba SeuZliaT<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s moqalaqeebs, romelTac umaRlesi iuridiuli<br />
ganaTleba aqvT da 25 wels miaRwies miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
mosamarTled 28 wlis asakis miRwevamde ver dainiSnebian.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 68.1. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 86.1).<br />
specialuri sakvalifikacio sagamocdo komisia, romelsac<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo qmnis TiToeul gamocdamde araugvianes<br />
aTi dRisa, uzrunvelyofs sakvalifikacio gamocdis<br />
organizebasa da Catarebas, romelic iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
sabWos mier dawesebul wesebs eqvemdebareba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
67.1, 68.2). sakvalifikacio sagamocdo komisiis wevrebis vinaoba<br />
ar unda gamJRavndes gamocdis damTavrebamde. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb.<br />
48 49
muxli 67.2). kanonis Tanaxmad, gamocda moicavs sakonstitucio<br />
samarTals, sisxlis samarTalsa da process, samoqalaqo<br />
samarTalsa da process, administraciul samarTalsa da process,<br />
saerTaSoriso adamianis uflebaTa samarTals, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebsa da SeTanxmebebs.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 68.3). gamocda Sedgeba ori nawilisagan. pirveli<br />
nawili 5 saaTs grZeldeba da 100 SekiTxvisagan Semdgari<br />
testuri gamocdaa, romlebic daaxloebiT 1000 SekiTxvidan<br />
SemTxveviTi wesiT SeirCeva. gamocdis pirvel nawilSi, saSualod,<br />
kandidatTa 15-20% minimalur qulas iRebs 75%-is odenobiT,<br />
rac aucilebelia gamocdis meore etapze gasasvlelad.<br />
meore nawili 6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobs da<br />
weriT gamocdas warmoadgens, romelzec pasuxi 5 kiTxvas unda<br />
gaeces. es kandidats saSualebas aZlebs, warmoaCinos kanonis<br />
faqtebze misadagebis da daskvnebis dasabuTebis unari. 2008<br />
wlis martSi Catarebul sakvalifkacio gamocdaze 331 kandidatidan<br />
mxolod 34-ma Caabara gamocdis orive nawili. gamokiTxulTa<br />
umravlesobam daadastura, rom sakvalifikacio<br />
gamocdis Cabareba advili ar aris. kandidati, romelic gamsvlel<br />
qulas miiRebs, ar aris valdebuli xelaxla Caabaros<br />
sakvalifikacio gamocda, Tu misi mosamarTled daniSvna gamocdis<br />
Cabarebidan 7 wlis vadaSi moxda. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli<br />
kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 60.2,<br />
68.4, 46.4).<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa<br />
SerCeva da daniSvna konkursis wesiT unda moxdes.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 47.1, 47.5,). aRniSnuli procesi SejibrebiTia<br />
formalurad mainc miuxedavad imisa, rom mas subieqturi<br />
aspeqtebic axasiaTebs. mosamarTlis vakansiis arsebobisas,<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo acxadebs konkurss am Tanamdebobaze<br />
oficialur beWdviT mediaSi. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli<br />
kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 47.2).<br />
nebismieri piri, romelic akmayofilebs mosamarTled daniSvnis<br />
moTxovnebs SeiZleba gaxdes kandidati gancxadebis<br />
Setanis gziT. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 46.3). amasTan, kandidatma<br />
valdebulia waradginos qonebrivi mdgomareobis deklaracia<br />
Tanamdebobis pirTa qonebrivi da safinanso mdgomareobis<br />
sainformacio biuroSi. . (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 60.2, 68.4, 46.4). iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWo niSnavs kandidatTa registracias<br />
vadis amowurvis Semdeg. Semdeg, is irCevs kandidatebs misi<br />
sakvalifikacio gamocdis Sedegebis, profesiuli da moraluri<br />
reputaciis, Tavisuflad da miukerZoeblad Sefasebis<br />
unaris, profesiuli samuSao gamocdilebis da fizikuri<br />
janmrTelobis gaTvaliswinebiT. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli<br />
kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 47.3-47.4).<br />
SesarCevi konkursi aseve moicavs kandidatebTan 1 saaTian<br />
intervius, sadac fsiqologebi afaseben kandidatis<br />
fsiqologiur mdgomareobas da mosamarTled muSaobisaTvis<br />
mzadyofnas. Tu kandidatis SerCeva ver moxerxda, iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWo axal konkurss niSnavs arsebul vakansiaze.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 47.6). sakvalifikacio gamocdis Sedegebis<br />
garda, daniSvnis kriteriumebi garkveulwilad subieqturia,<br />
Tumca daniSvnis procesSi gamWvirvaleobis naklebobis gamo,<br />
gamokiTxulma pirebma ver SeZles ganesazRvraT daniSvnis<br />
kriteriumebis obieqturobisa da subieqturobis xarisxi.<br />
2007 wels, iusticiis umaRlesma sabWom miiRo debuleba<br />
mosamarTleTa SesarCevi konkursis Sesaxeb. sxva sakiTxebTan<br />
erTad, debulebaSi mocemulia da detalurad ganmartebulia<br />
mosamarTleTa daniSvnis Semdegi kriteriumebi:<br />
1. sakvalifikacio gamocdis Sedegebi;<br />
2. rigiTi nomeri iusticiis msmenelTa sakvalifikacio<br />
siaSi;<br />
3. moraluri reputacia;<br />
4. pirovnuli Tvisebebi;<br />
5. kvalifikacia;<br />
6. profesiuli unar-Cvevebi;<br />
50 51
7. mtkicebisa da gamoxatvis unari;<br />
8. analitikur-logikuri azrovnebisa da gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebis unari;<br />
9. samosamarTlo manerebi;<br />
10. sxdomis Catarebis unarianoba;<br />
11. saqmeTa ganxilvis statistikuri maCveneblebi. (es<br />
kriteriumi Seexeba im kandidatebs, romlebsac mosamarTled<br />
muSaobis gamocdileba aqvT).<br />
(iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos debuleba mosamarTleTa<br />
SesarCevi konkursis Sesaxeb. muxli 8-9).. miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom SerCevis kriteriumebSi kvlav arsebobs mniSvnelovani<br />
subieqturi aspeqtebi, iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos debuleba<br />
maT obieqturobas matebs.<br />
mosamarTlis funqciebis Sesrulebis dawyebamde, yvela axlad<br />
daniSnul mosamarTles warsulSi 2 kviriani specialuri<br />
saswavlo kursi unda gaevlo. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli<br />
kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 47.8). rogorc<br />
aRiniSna faqtorSi 1., 2009 wlis dasawyisidan, mosamarTleobis<br />
kandidatebi, romelTac mosamarTled muSaobis 1 wliani<br />
staJi ar aqvT, mosamarTled daniSvnamde valdebulni arian<br />
gaiaron 14 Tviani saswavlo kursi iusticiis umaRles skolaSi.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni iusticiis umaRlesi skolis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 19(1)). agreTve, ix. faqtori 1. kursis dasrulebis<br />
Semdeg, mosamarTled daniSvnamde kandidatebma meore interviu<br />
unda gaiaron. aRniSnuli kursis dasrulebis Semdeg, maT<br />
unda Caabaron damatebiTi weriTi gamocda, raTa Sefasebul<br />
iqnas maTi Teoriuli codna da praqtikuli unarebi, romlebic<br />
maT programaSi monawileobiT SeiZines. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
kanoni iusticiis umaRlesi skolis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
28.1-28.2). aRniSnuli gamocdis Sedegebs Seafasebs komisia,<br />
romelic uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sa da iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
sabWos warmomadgenlebis, saxelmwifo universitetis samarTlis<br />
profesoris, iusticiis umaRlesi skolis damoukidebeli<br />
sabWos mier daniSnuli sami wevris da iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
skolis direqtorisagan Sedgeba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kano-<br />
ni iusticiis umaRlesi skolis Sesaxeb. muxli 28.3-28.5). gamocdis<br />
Semdeg, iusticiis umaRlesi skola amzadebs kandidatTa<br />
sias, maT mier mosamarTleTa sakvalifikacio gamocdaze, iusticiis<br />
umaRles skolaSi misaReb gamocdaze da programis<br />
Teoriuli nawilis Semdeg gamocdaze miRebuli qulebis,<br />
staJirebis qulebis da iusticiis umaRles skolaSi saboloo<br />
gamocdaze miRebuli qulebis mixedviT. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi skolis Sesaxeb. muxli 30). aRniSnul<br />
siaSi kandidatis mier miRebuli saerTo qula iqneba<br />
ZiriTadi faqtori misi mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze daniSvnisaTvis,<br />
qulebis Tanabrad ganawilebis SemTxvevaSi, gaTvaliswinebul<br />
iqneba kandidatis staJirebis xelmZRvanelis rekomendacia.<br />
xolo, Tu ori Tanabari qulebis mqone kandidats<br />
dadebiTi rekomendacia aqvs, gadamwyvet rils TamaSobs kandidatebis<br />
mier staJirebis procesSi ganxorcielebuli samuSao.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni iusticiis umaRlesi skolis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 31).<br />
miuxedavad mosamarTleTa SesarCevi konkursis Sesaxeb debulebis<br />
miRebisa da 2005 wlis Semdeg ganxorcielebuli<br />
sxva cvlilebebisa, gamokiTxulTa nawilma gaakritika daniSvnis<br />
procesi gamWvirvalobis naklebobis gamo da daniSvnis<br />
kriteriumebis subieqturobis gamo. gamokiTxulebma intervius<br />
process gausves xazi subieqturi kriteriumebis gamoyenebis<br />
SesaZleblobis gamo. gamokiTxulTa nawilma, romlebic<br />
warsulSi mosamarTleebad dainiSnen, ganacxades, rom maT<br />
ar ician, Tu ra kriteriumebi iqna gamoyenebuli maTi daniSvnisas.<br />
maTi gancxadebiT, maT ubralod hkiTxes, undodaT Tu<br />
ara mosamarTled muSaoba. gamokiTxulTa meore nawilma<br />
ganacxada, rom daniSvnisaTvis mniSvnelovan kriteriums<br />
"sandooba" warmoadgens iseve, rogorc kontaqtebi da piradi<br />
urTierTobebi. sxvebi ki am mosazrebas ar daeTanxmnen da<br />
ganacxades, rom daniSvnis procesi sakmarisad gamWvirvalea<br />
da daniSvnis kriteriumebi obieqturia.<br />
sxvadasxva saxis procedura arsebobs mosamarTleebis uzenaes<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sa da sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si daniS-<br />
52 53
vnisaTvis. aseT SemTxvevebSi, iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo<br />
aranair rols ar asrulebs. prezidentis wardginebiT, parlamenti<br />
niSnavs mosamarTleebs uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si ken-<br />
WisyriT, xmaTa umravlesobiT. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 90.2. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 21). prezidenti niSnavs sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s cxra mosamarTlidan 3 mosamarTles,<br />
parlamenti irCevs 3 mosamarTles xmaTa sami mexuTediT, xolo<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> niSnavs danarCen sam mosamarTles.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 88.2. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 6.1, 7 1 , 7 2 .1. 7 3 .1).<br />
faqtori 3. uwyveti iuridiuli ganaTleba<br />
mosamarTleebma regularulad, unda gaiaron ufaso saswavlo<br />
kursebi, romelTa Tematika, rogorc wesi, ganisazRvreba<br />
Tavad mosamarTleebis mier, sadac isini ecnobian kanonebSi<br />
Setanil cvlilebebs.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom mosamarTleebi ar arian valdebulni<br />
monawileoba miiRon uwyveti iuridiuli ganaTlebis kursebSi,<br />
sxvadasxva eTikuri norma maT mouwodebs amisaken. iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi skolis Seqmnam uwyveti iuridiuli ganaTlebis<br />
xarisxi da aseTi kursebis provaiderebs Soris koordinacia<br />
gaaumjobesa. mosamarTleebs miaCniaT, rom arsebobs<br />
saswavlo kursebis sakmarisi raodenoba da rom maTi xarisxi,<br />
rogorc wesi, maRalia. aRniSnuli dadebiTi tendenciebis<br />
mdgradoba gadamwyvetia imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
mosamarTleebma miiRon adeqvaturi da xarisxiani profesiuli<br />
treningi.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
mosamarTleebi valdebulni ar arian monawiloeba miiRon<br />
uwyvet iuridiul ganaTlebaSi. Tumca, mosamarTleTa konferenciis<br />
mier damtkicebuli <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis wesebi maT mouwodebs mudmivad da sistematurad<br />
gaaumjobeson TavianTi profesiuli codna da gaecnon iuridiul<br />
sferoSi arsebuli siaxleebs. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis wesebi. muxli 14). ramdenime mosamarTle<br />
gvesaubra uwyveti iuridiuli ganaTlebis gansakuTrebul<br />
mniSvnelobaze kanonebSi xSiri cvlilebebis gamo. ZiriTadad,<br />
gamokiTxuli pirebi kmayofilni iyvnen mosamarTleebisaTvis<br />
SeTavazebuli seminarebiT iseve, rogorc maTi xarisxiT.<br />
1999 wlidan 2006 wels iusticiis umaRlesi skolis Seqmnamde,<br />
mosamarTleebs uwyvet iuridiul ganaTlebas arasamTavrobo<br />
organizacia - samosamarTlo swavlebis centri<br />
8 sTavazobda. (mas Semdeg, saswavlo centris roli iusticiis<br />
umaRlesma skolam gadaibara, romelic uwyvet iuridiul<br />
ganaTlebas rogorc moqmed mosamarTleebs, ise mosamarTleobis<br />
kandidatebs sTavazobs. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi skolis Sesaxeb. muxli 21.3; 32.1)<br />
samosamarTlo swavlebis centrisagan gansxvavebiT, iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi skola sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piria da<br />
mis ZiriTadi dafinansebis wyaros saxelmwifo biujeti warmoadgens.<br />
Tbilisis garda, mas filialebi wyaltubosa da<br />
baTumSi aqvs da rogorc wesi, yvela filialSi treningebis<br />
erTi da igive raodenobas sTavazobs. iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
skola yivelwliur saswavlo programas adgens, romelic<br />
ZiriTadad, mosamarTleebis mier kiTxvarSi miTiTebul sagnebs<br />
iTvaliswinebs. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
skolis Sesaxeb. muxli 33.4-33.5) yovelwliuri saswavlo<br />
programa mosamarTleebs saSualebas aZlevs, seminarebze<br />
daswreba didi xniT adre dagegmon. xSirad iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWo atarebs treningebs iseT sakiTxebze, rom-<br />
8 samosamarTlo swavlebis centri msoflio bankisa da sxva organizaciebis<br />
(maT Soris amerikis iuristTa asociacia) mier Seiqmna.<br />
54 55
lebic yovelwiuri saswavlo programis nawils ar warmoadgens,<br />
rogoricaa magaliTad 2007 wels Catarebuli treningebi<br />
saarCevno kanonSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis Sesaxeb. iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi skolis mizania, TiToeuli mosamarTle<br />
yovelwliurad uwyveti iuridiuli ganaTlebis 30 saaTiT<br />
uzrunvelyos. praqtikaSi, TiTqmis yvela mosamarTle gadis<br />
samosamarTlo swavlebas iusticiis umaRles skolaSi sxvadasxva<br />
samarTlebriv sakiTxze weliwadSi orjer mainc. 2007<br />
wels, TiToeulma mosamarTlem saSualod 7-dRiani swavleba<br />
gaiara. amave dros, iusticiis umaRlesi skola Tanam-<br />
Sromlobs saerTaSoriso donorebTan, rogoricaa amerikis<br />
iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa, evrosabWo<br />
da germaniis teqnikuri daxmarebis sazogadoeba `trenerTa<br />
treningebis~ organizebaSi, raTa mis instruqtorebs<br />
SesaZlebloba miscemodaT ganviTarebuliyvnen egreTwodebuli<br />
sabWoTa stilis leqciebis miRma. aRniSnuli movlenebi<br />
sakmaod dadebiT tendenciebs warmoadgens da Sefasebis<br />
jgufs miaCnia, rom aseTi Zalisxmevis mdgradobis regularuli<br />
monitoringi gadamwyvetia imis uzrunvelsayofad,<br />
rom iusticiis umaRlesma sabWom ganagrZos adeqvaturi da<br />
xarisxiani profesiuli treningsi SeTavazeba qarTveli mosamarTleebisaTvis.<br />
agreTve iusticiis umaRlesi skola koordinacias uwevs mosamarTleebisaTvis<br />
gangrZobadi iuridiuli ganaTlebis damatebiTi<br />
kursebis dagegmvas da organizebas, romlebsac sxvadasxva<br />
adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso organizacia atarebs.<br />
iusticiis umaRlesma skolam aseTi koordinaciis aucilebloba<br />
2007 wels gaacnobiera, rodesac daaxloebiT 60 gareSe<br />
treningi Catarda da maTSi erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi 120-ma<br />
mosamarTlem miiRo monawileoba. zedmeti da dublirebuli<br />
uwyveti iuridiuli ganaTlebis seminarebis Tavidan asacileblad,<br />
2007 wlis Semodgomaze, iusticiis umaRlesi skola<br />
saerTaSoriso donorebs Sexvda, raTa ganexila Tu ra<br />
saxis treningebis SeTavazebas apirebda TiToeuli organizacia<br />
momdevno wels da daegegma Sesabamisi treningis<br />
ganrigi. iusticiis umaRlesi skola da saerTaSoriso do-<br />
norebi SeTanxmdnen, rom aseTi dagegmvis procesi yovelwliurad<br />
ganxorcieldeba. saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, romlebic<br />
amJamad mosamarTleebisaTvis treningebs atareben<br />
arian: germaniis teqnikuri daxmarebis sazogadoeba (Gesellschaft<br />
fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit) marTaven seminarebs Ziri-<br />
Tadad samoqalaqo da administraciuli samarTlis dargSi;<br />
UNICEF, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sakiTxebze;<br />
norvegiis kanonis uzenaesobis mrCevelTa misia <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si;<br />
DPK konsaltingi; evropis sabWo, romelic seminarebs evropis<br />
adamianis uflebaTa konvenciaze marTavs; gaerTianebuli<br />
erebis organizacia; evropis usafrTxoebisa da Tanam-<br />
Sromlobis organizacia; norvegiis kanonis uzenaesobis<br />
mrCevelTa misia <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si; aSS-is saerTaSoriso ganvi-<br />
Tarebis saagento da amerikis iuristTa asociacia, romelmac<br />
uaxloes warsulSi iuridiul werasa da msjelobaze<br />
ramdenime treningi Caatara 9 ; amasTan, uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
da mosamarTleTa asociaciac atareben gangrZobadi iuridiuli<br />
ganaTlebis kursebs mosamarTleebisaTvis.<br />
faqtori 4: umciresobaTa warmomadgenloba da<br />
genderuli balansi<br />
eTnikuri da religiuri umciresobani, iseve rogorc orive<br />
sqesis pirebi mosamarTlis Tanamdebobebze warmodgenilni<br />
arian.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
konstitucia krZalavs genderis, eTnikuri warmomavlobis,<br />
religiuri mrwamsisa da sxva msgavsi niSniT diskriminacias.<br />
qalebi adeqvaturad arian warmodgenilni profesiaSi<br />
da acxadeben, rom am niSniT diskriminacias adgili ar aqvs.<br />
eTnikur da religiur umciresobaTa mimarTebaSi mdgomareoba<br />
SedarebiT gaurkvevelia.<br />
9 amasTan, amerikis iuristTa asociaciam daafinansa magistrate da<br />
pirveli instanciis mosamarTleTaTvis samoqalaqo samarTlis samagido<br />
wigni, romelic 2008 wels gamoica.<br />
56 57
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia adgens, rom "yvela adamiani dabadebiT<br />
Tavisufalia da kanonis winaSe Tanasworia ganurCevlad<br />
rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politikuri<br />
da sxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri<br />
kuTvnilebisa, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobisa,<br />
sacxovrebeli adgilisa ". (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 14). amave dros, moqalaqeebs garantirebuli aqvT<br />
Tanasworuflebianoba socialur, ekonomikur, kulturul da<br />
politikur cxovrebaSi maTi erovnebis, eTnikuri warmomavlobis,<br />
religiis an enis miuxedavad. (ix. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 38).<br />
TiTqmis gamonaklisis gareSe, gamokiTxulebi Tvlian, rom<br />
diskriminacia genderis, eTnikuri warmomavlobis an religiuri<br />
kuTvnilebis niSniT ar arsebobs.<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s informaciiT, 2008 wlis dekembrisaTvis<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis sistemaSi moqmedi 282<br />
mosamarTlidan, 136 qalia (daaxloebiT 48%). raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo) da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s doneze, 263-dan daaxloebiT<br />
127 mosamarTle qalia. 15 raionuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>dan<br />
10 <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare qalia, xolo 19 mosamarTlisagan<br />
Semdgar uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si – 9 mosamarTle qalia.<br />
amasTan, sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s 9 mosamarTlidan 2<br />
qalia. mocemuli ricxvebi odnav maRalia, vidre iuridiul<br />
profesiaSi qalTa raodenoba. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s advokatTa asociaciis<br />
informaciiT, misi wevrebis 40% qalia. (amerikis<br />
iuristTa asociacia, iuridiuli profesiis <strong>reformis</strong><br />
<strong>indeqsi</strong>, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>, tomi II gv.32 (2007 wlis noemberi)). ar<br />
migviRia informacia qali mosamarTleebis genderis niSniT<br />
diskriminaciis Sesaxeb.<br />
mdgomareoba eTnikur warmomavlobasa da religiur kuTvnilebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT naklebad naTelia. 2002 wels,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosamxleobis 83.8% qarTveli, 6.5% azerbaijaneli,<br />
5.7% somexi, 1.5% rusi da 2.5% sxva eTnikuri warmomavlobis<br />
moqalaqeebisagan Sedgeboda. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>, centraluri<br />
sadazvervo saagentos msoflio faqtebis wigni, xelmisawvdomia<br />
misamarTze: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/gg.html.<br />
rac Seexeba religiur kuTvnilebas,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> umeteswilad marTlmadidebelia (83.9%). mosaxleobis<br />
danarCeni nawili Semdgenairad aris ganawilebuli:<br />
9.9% mahmadiani, 3.9% somxuri-grigorianeli da 0.8% kaTolike.<br />
mosaxleobis 0.8% sxva sarwmunoebebis mimdevaria, xolo<br />
mosaxleobis 0.7% religiuri mikuTvneba ar gaaCnia. uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s informaciiT, amJamad <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si erovnuli<br />
umciresobis warmomadgeneli 5 mosamarTlea (mosamarTleTa<br />
1.7%); mosamarTleebis religiuri kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb statistikuri<br />
monacemebi ar arsebobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom kandidatis<br />
profesiuli kvalifikacia mosamarTleTa SerCevisas<br />
udavod unda warmoadgendes gadamwyvet faqtors, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
korpusSi erovnul umciresobaTa raodenoba araproporciulad<br />
dabalia <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosaxleobaSi da iuridiul<br />
profesiaSi eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa raodenobasTan<br />
SedarebiT. (amerikis iuristTa asociacia, iuridiuli<br />
profesiis <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>, tomi<br />
II gv.31 (2007 wlis noemberi)). Tumca gamokiTxulTa azriT,<br />
disckiriminacia eTnikuri warmomavlobisa da religiuri<br />
kuTvnilebis niSniT, ar arsebobs.<br />
II. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> uflebamosileba<br />
faqtori 5. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s uflebamosileba, Seamowmos administraciuli<br />
aqtebis konstituciasTan Sesabamisoba.<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> organo uflebamosilia, gansazRvros kanonisa<br />
da oficialuri aqtebis konstituciuroba da aseTi gadawyvetilebebis<br />
aRsruleba savaldebuloa.<br />
58 59
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gaaCnia eqskluziuri uflebamosileba,<br />
gansazRvros kanonisa da oficialuri aqtis<br />
konstituciuroba. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamokiTxulTa Soris<br />
azrTa sxvadasxvaoba iyo, maT umravlesobas miaCnia, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
damoukidebeli da efeqturia. ukanasknel wlebSi,<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>m ramdenime mniSvnelovani gadawyvetleba gamoitana,<br />
romlebic umeteswilad aRsrulebulia.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia, "saxelmwifo uzenaesi kanonia"<br />
da yvela sxva samarTlebrivi aqti unda Seesabamebodes konstitucias.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 6.1) <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, Tu igi<br />
ar ewinaaRmdegeba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucias, aqvs upiratesi<br />
Zala Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi normatiuli aqtebis mimarT.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 6.2). sakonstitucio<br />
kontrolis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> organoa <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>, romelic formalurad <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistemas<br />
ar miekuTvneba da damoukidebelia nebismieri sajaro<br />
xelisuflebisagan. igi mdebareobs aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi,<br />
qalaq baTumSi. sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> cxra<br />
mosamarTlisagan Sedgeba, maT Soris <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare,<br />
misi ori moadgile da mdivani. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 83.1, 88.2. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 1.1, 5). sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> konstituciur sarCelebsa da gancxadebebs<br />
ganixilavs plenumze, Tavmjdomaris xelmZRvanelobiT,<br />
romelic cxrave mosamarTlisagan Sedgeba an oTxi mosamarTlisagan<br />
Semdgar kolegiaze, Tavmjdomaris moadgilis<br />
xelmZRvanelobiT. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 11, 12.1(d), 13.1).<br />
kanonebis konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxis gamokvlevasTan<br />
erTad, sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s sxva valdebulebebic<br />
gaaCnia, romelTagan zogierTs mniSvnelovani<br />
politikuri Sedegebi moyveba. sxva fuqnciebTan erTad, sa-<br />
konstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> uflebamosilia ganixilos da<br />
gadawyvitos:<br />
• <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciasTan konstituciuri SeTanxmebis,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanonebis, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s parlamentis<br />
normatiuli dadgenilebebis, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
prezidentis, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mTavrobis, afxazeTisa da<br />
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis xelisuflebis<br />
umaRles organoTa normatiuli aqtebis Sesabamisobis,<br />
agreTve <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s sakanonmdeblo aqtebisa da<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s parlamentis dadgenilebis miRebis/gamocemis,<br />
xelmoweris, gamoqveynebisa da amoqmedebis Sesabamisobis<br />
sakiTxebi;<br />
• dava saxelmwifo organoebs Soris kompetenciis Taobaze;<br />
• moqalaqeTa politikur gaerTianebaTa Seqmnisa da<br />
saqmianobis konstituciurobis sakiTxi;<br />
• dava referendumis an arCevnebis konstituciurobis<br />
Sesaxeb;<br />
• <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciis meore Tavis sakiTxebTan<br />
mimarTebiT miRebuli normatiuli aqtebis konstituciurobis<br />
sakiTxi;<br />
• saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa an SeTanxmebaTa konstituciurobis<br />
sakiTxi;<br />
• <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s parlamentis uflebamosilebis cnobis<br />
an uflebamosilebis vadamde Sewyvetis sakiTxi;<br />
• <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s prezidentis, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomaris, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mTavrobis wevris,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomarisa da<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s erovnuli bankis sabWos wevrebis mier<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciis darRvevis sakiTxi;<br />
• dava "aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis statusis Sesaxeb"<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciuri kanonis darRvevis<br />
Taobaze;<br />
• <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciasTan "aWaris avtonomiuri<br />
respublikis statusis Sesaxeb" kanoni <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstituciur kanonTan, konstituciur SeTanxmebasTan,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebTan da<br />
60 61
SeTanxmebebTan da <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanonebTan aWaris<br />
avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos normatiuli<br />
aqtebis Sesabamisobis sakiTxi.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 54.1, 63, 64, 75.2(a), 89.1;<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 19). zemoT mocemuli pirveli xuTi<br />
sakiTxi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s plenumma unda ganixilos, xolo sxva<br />
sakiTxebi erTerTma oTxi mosamarTlisagan Semdgarma kolegiam<br />
unda gadawyvitos. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 121.1-3).<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb moicavs detalur debulebebs, romlebic gansazRvravs<br />
mxareebs, romlebmac SeiZleba Seitanon sakonstitucio sar-<br />
Celi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si. Tumca, winamdebare faqtoris miznebisaTvis<br />
sakmarisia aRiniSnos, rom sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
konstituciuri SeTanxmebis, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanonebis,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s parlamentis normatiuli dadgenilebebis,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s prezidentis 10 , <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mTavrobis, afxaze-<br />
Tisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respulikebis xelisuflebis<br />
umaRles organoTa normatiuli aqtebis <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciasTan<br />
Sesabamisobis Sesaxeb sarCelis Setanis ufleba<br />
aqvT <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s prezidents 11 , <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mTavrobas an<br />
10 amave dros, prezidenti uflebamosilia SeaCeros an gaauqmos<br />
mTavrobis an aRmasrulebel dawesebulebaTa aqtebi, Tu isini ewinaaRmdegeba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucias, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebs<br />
an SemTanxmebebs, kanonmdeblobas, prezidentis normatiul<br />
aqtebs. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 73.3).<br />
11 baTumSi gadasvlis Semdeg, sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si sar-<br />
Celebis raodenobam iklo. Tumca, gaurkvevelia warmoadgens Tu<br />
ara <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s adgilmdebareobis Secvla xelSemSlel faqtors<br />
mosarCeleebisaTvis. samwuxarod, Sefasebis jgufma ver SeZlo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si wardgenil sarCelTa statistikis mopoveba.<br />
erT-erTi wyaros informaciiT, 2005 wels Setanil iqna 57 sarCeli,<br />
2006 wels – 47, 2007 wels – 23 da 2008 wlis pirveli Svidi Tvis<br />
ganmavlobaSi ki – 15 sarCeli. sxva wyaroebis Tanaxmad, 2005 wels<br />
40 sarCeli iqna Setanili, 2006 wels – 58, xolo 2007 wels – 34.<br />
gadatanis Semdeg.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s parlamentis wevrTa aranakleb erT mexuTeds.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 33.1). sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
normatiuli aqtis an misi calkeuli normebis konstituciurobis<br />
Taobaze konstituciuri sarCelis Setanis ufleba<br />
aqvT <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s moqalaqeebs, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si mcxovreb sxva<br />
fizikur pirebs da <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iuridiul pirebs, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
saxalxo damcvels Tu maT miaCniaT, rom darRveulia<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciis meore TaviT aRiarebuli adamianis<br />
uflebani da Tavisudlebani. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli<br />
kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 39.1).<br />
kidev erTi gza, romliTac sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
konstitucionalurobis sakiTxi SeiZleba iqnas Setanili,<br />
aris rodesac saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis msvlelobisas<br />
daadgens, rom Sesabamisi kanoni an sxva normatiuli aqti<br />
SeiZleba miCneul iqnas konstituciasTan Seusabamod.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 7.2. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 19.2, 42). aseT SemTxvevaSi,<br />
mosamarTlem unda SeaCeros saqmis ganxilva da sakiTxi<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadasces kanonis konstituciasTan<br />
Sesabamisobis dasadgenad. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
7.2. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 19.2, 42). rodesac sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> miiRebs gadawyvetilebas konstituciasTan<br />
Sesabamisobis Sesaxeb, saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> uflebamosilia<br />
ganagrZos ganxilva. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 7.2. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli<br />
kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
19.2). uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s plenumsac aqvs ufleba iSuamdgomlos<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si normatiuli aqtis<br />
konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis dasadgenad. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 12.3(d)).<br />
62 63
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebi sabolooa<br />
da nebismieri kanoni an sxva normatiuli aqti an misi nawili,<br />
romelic ara konstituciurad iqneba cnobili Zaladakargulad<br />
iTvleba gadawyvetilebis gamoqveynebisTanave.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 23.1, 25.1-2).<br />
gamokiTxulTa azri sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
sakmaod mravalferovani iyo. gamokiTxulTa nawilma aRniSna,<br />
rom warsulSi sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gavleniani<br />
institui iyo, Tumca amJamad, arc efeqturi da arc damoukidebelia.<br />
2006 wels sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> baTumSi gadaitanes<br />
aWaris avtonomiur respublikasa da <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
Soris samarTlebrivi kavSirebis gaZlierebis mizniT. amave<br />
dros, kritikosebs miaCniaT, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s adgilmdebareobis<br />
Secvla problematuri iyo 12 . Tumca, gamokiTxulTa<br />
umravlesobam sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> damoukidebel<br />
institutad miiCnia da ganacxada, rom misi gadawyvetilebebi<br />
sruldeba.<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s saqmeebis udidesi nawili Seexeba konstitucionalurobis<br />
sakiTxs. yvelaze xSirad saqmeebi Seexeba<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s xelmisawvdomobas, Semdeg qonebriv uflebebs<br />
da Semdeg gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas.<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebebs<br />
Soris, gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes Semedegi: <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> daumorCileblobisaTvis<br />
30 dRis vadiT patimrobis ara-konstitucionalurad<br />
cnoba gasaCivrebis uflebis gareSe; dakavebuli<br />
piris 12 saaTis ganmavlobaSi advokatis gareSe dakavebis<br />
ara konstituciurad cnoba; dakavebuli pirisaTvis misi<br />
winaswari patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis gasaCivrebis uflebis<br />
ar micemis ara-konstituciurad cnoba da mewarmeTa Sesaxeb<br />
12 amave dros, presidents SeuZlia SeaCeros an gaauqmos mTavrobis<br />
an aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis organoebis aqtebi, Tu isini ewinaaRmdegeba<br />
konstitucias, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebs an SeTanxmebebs,<br />
kanonmdeblobas, sxva normatiul aqtebs an prezidentis<br />
brZanebulebebs. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia, muxli 73.3)<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanonis im debulebis ara konstituciurad<br />
cnoba, romelic aqciebis 95% wilis mflobel aqcioners<br />
uflebas aZlevda danarCeni aqcionerebi eiZulebina aqciebi<br />
gaeyidaT.<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebidan sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s sul<br />
ramdenime saqme gadaeca. sarCelTa 99% kerZo pirebs ekuTvnis.<br />
gadawyvetilebebis umravlesobam, romlebic ama Tu im<br />
kanons ara konstituciurad cnoben, parlamentis mier kanonebis<br />
cvlileba gamoiwvia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebis<br />
Sesabamisad.<br />
faqtori 6. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> organos zedamxedvelobis<br />
uflebamosileba administraciul sferoze<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> organo uflebamosilia, ganixilos administraciuli<br />
aqtebi da aiZulos mTavroba imoqmedos, rodesac<br />
arsebobs moqmedebis samarTlebrivi valdebuleba.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisufleba uflebamosilia ganixilos saxelmwifo<br />
organoebis qmedebebi da aiZulos isini imoqmedon,<br />
rodesac arsebobs qmedebis samarTlebrivi valdebuleba.<br />
ukanaskneli reforma, administraciuli aqtebis ganxilvis<br />
dargSi mniSvnelovan winsvlas gvpirdeba. Tumca, SesaZloa<br />
moqalaqeebs kvlav gauWirdeT saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg gamotanili<br />
gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, gansakuTrebiT maSin,<br />
rodesac gadawyvetileba materialur zarals exeba.<br />
analizi/safuZveli<br />
yvelasaTvis garantirebulia saxelmwifo da TviTmmarTvelobis<br />
organoTa da mosamsaxureTagan ukanonod miyenebuli zaralis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> wesiT sruli anazRaureba saxelmwifo saxsrebidan.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia, muxli 42.9.) <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi awesrigebs adminis-<br />
64 65
traciuli organoebis mier gamocemul administraciul-samarTlebriv<br />
aqtebs. administraciul saCivars ganixilavs da<br />
gadawyvets administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqtis gamomcemi<br />
organo, Tu iq ar arsebobs administraciul-samarTlebrivi<br />
aqtis gamomcemi Tanamdebobis piri an struqturuli qvedanayofis<br />
zemdgomi Tanamdebobis piri. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s zogadi<br />
administraciuli kodeqsi. muxli 178). administraciuli<br />
saCivris ganxilva, rogorc wesi, erTi Tvis vadaSi unda dasruldes.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi.<br />
muxli 183.1). administraciuli saCivris ganxilvis vadis damatebiT<br />
erTi Tvis vadiT gagrZeleba dasaSvebia mxolod gansakuTrebul<br />
SemTxvevebSi, romlebic saCivris droul ganxilvas<br />
uSlis xels. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s zogadi administraciuli<br />
kodeqsi. muxli 183.4). administraciuli gasaCivrebis procesis<br />
dasrulebisas administraciuli organo uflebamosilia<br />
Secvalos, gaauqmos an Zaladakargulad scnos gasaCivrebuli<br />
administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqti. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s zogadi<br />
administraciuli kodeqsi. muxli 203). amave dros, zogadi<br />
administraciuli kodeqsi mxares saSualebas aZlevs piradpir<br />
mimarTos <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s zogadi administraciuli<br />
kodeqsi. muxli 178.3). 2007 wlis 28 dekembers<br />
miRebuli cvlilebis Sesabamisad). Tumca, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> ar<br />
miiRebs sarCels administraciuli organos mimarT, Tu mosarCelem<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s zogadi administraciuli kodeqsiT dadgenili<br />
wesiT ar gamoiyena administraciuli saCivris<br />
erTjeradad wardgenis SesaZlebloba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s administraciuli<br />
saproceso kodeqsi. muxli 2.5 (2000)).<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi awesrigebs<br />
administraciuli aqtebis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si gasaCivrebis process,<br />
Tu <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s zogadi administraciuli kodeqsiT<br />
sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s administraciuli<br />
saproceso kodeqsi. muxli 1.2. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi.).<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s informaciiT, pirveli instanciis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi Setanil sarCelTa raodenoba ukanaskneli<br />
wlebis ganmavlobaSi SedarebiT stabiluri iyo da yovelwliurad<br />
daaxloebiT 10,000-s Seadgenda. gamokiTxulTa azri<br />
gansxvavebuli iyo administraciuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s damoukideblobis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
magaliTad, gamokiTxulTa nawilma aRniSna, rom aseTi saqmeebis<br />
60% saxelmwifos sawinaaRmdego gadawyvetilebebi gamodis<br />
da maTi aRsrulebac realurad xdeba 13 . nawilobriv es Sei-<br />
Zleba iqidan gamomdinareobdes, rom administraciuli samarTalwarmoeba<br />
ufro inkviziciuri xasiaTisaa, vidre SejibrebiTi,<br />
sadac <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> aqtiur rols TamaSobs gadawyvetilebis<br />
faqtobrivi safuZvlis CamoyalibebaSi. amasTan,<br />
mtkicebis tvirTi administraciul organos awevs – man unda<br />
daamtkicos, iyo Tu ara misi qmedeba swori. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi. muxli 47.2). arsebobs<br />
standartuli formebi da gamartivebuli warmoeba moqalaqeebs<br />
saSualebas aZlevs Seitanon administraciuli<br />
sarCeli advokatis daxmarebis gareSe. miuxedavad amisa, er-<br />
TerTma gamokiTxulma aRniSna, rom saqmeTa 70-80%-s mosar-<br />
Celeebi advokatebs iyvanen gansakuTrebiT rTuli saqmeebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi. amasTan, miuxedavad imisa, rom warsulSi administraciuli<br />
organoebi TanamSromlobis surviliT ar gamoirCeodnen,<br />
kanoni maT avaldebulebs moTxovnisamebr waradginon<br />
aucilebeli dokumentacia da erTerTi gamokiTxulis<br />
informaciiT, isini am moTxovnas akmayofileben. aRniSnuli<br />
procesisadmi ufro kritikulad ganwyobil gamokiTxul<br />
moqalaqeTa nawili acxadebs, rom miuxedavad moqalaqeebis<br />
mier saqmeebis umravlesobis mogebisa, rogorc wesi moTxovnebi<br />
mcirea, xolo ufro mniSvnelovan saqmeebs saxelmwifo<br />
igebs. gamokiTxulTa am kategoriam aseve ganacxada<br />
administraciuli mosamarTleebis mier saxelmwifos sawi-<br />
13 uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s informaciiT, 2007 wels raionulma<br />
(saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebma saqmeTa 59.7% saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg<br />
gadawyvites, saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebma – 42.8%, xolo uzenaesma<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>mki – 45.8%. 2008 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, raionul<br />
(saqalaqo), saapelacio da uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s saxelmwifos<br />
winaaRmdeg gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi Sesabamisad 49.3%, 42.6%<br />
da 55.4% Seadgenda).<br />
66 67
naaRmdego gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze Tavis aridebis Sesaxeb<br />
garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac saqme imdenad calsaxaa, rom<br />
alternativa ubralod ar arsebobs. da bolos, Tu saxelmwifo<br />
nebayoflobiT ar gadaixdis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebiT<br />
dadgenil Tanxas, gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba<br />
SeiZleba problematuri iyos. miuxedavad imisa, rom <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
parlamenti gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebisaTvis biujetSi<br />
yovelwliurad 20 milion lars (daaxloebiT 11.3<br />
milioni aSS dolari) 14 iTvaliswinebs. iusticiis saministros<br />
daqvemdebarebaSi arsebobs aRsrulebis erovnuli biuro,<br />
romelic saxelmwifos winaaRmdegs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvtilebebs<br />
aRasrulebs. winamdebare angariSis Sedgenis<br />
momentSi aRusrulebeli gadawyvetilebebis saerTo Rirebuleba<br />
23 milion lars (daaxloebiT 13 milioni aSS dolari)<br />
Seadgenda. es imas niSnavs, rom mosarCeles, romelic<br />
saqmes moigebs, SeiZleba garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi<br />
mouxdes lodini gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebamde.<br />
faqtori 7. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s iurisdiqcia da samoqalaqo<br />
uflebebi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> organos gaaCnia eqskluziuri da sruli iurisdiqcia<br />
yvela samoqalaqo uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis<br />
saqmeebze.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: uaryofiTi tendencia:<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom konstitucia Seicavs samoqalaqo uflebaTa<br />
da TavisuflebaTa STambeWdav CamonaTvals, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
adamianis uflebebis saqmeebSi Tavis rolis viwro interpretacias<br />
axdens. gamokiTxulTa informaciiT, samoqalaqo<br />
da adamianis uflebebis darRveviT dazaralebuli pirebi<br />
Tvlian, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>saTvis mimarTva usargeblo iqneba<br />
14 2009 wlisaTvis, parlamentma saxelmwifo biujetSi 25 milioni<br />
lari (daaxloebiT 14.1 milioni aSS dolari) gaiTvaliswina saxelmwifos<br />
winaaRmdeg <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebisaTvis.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom ramdenime mosamarTle ar daemorCila<br />
mTavrobis zewolas, daesaja 2007 wlis 7 noembris saprotesto<br />
aqciebis monawileebi. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m evropis adamianis<br />
uflebaTa konvenciis ratificireba moaxdina, Tumca<br />
rogorc wesi, konvencias mcire gavlena aqvs dabali instanciis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis gadawyvetilebebze.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
saxelmwifo `cnobs da icavs sayovelTaod aRiarebul adamianis<br />
uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, rogorc waruval da<br />
uzenaes adamianur Rirebulebebs~. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 7). <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciis II Tavi moicavs<br />
aseTi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis mozrdil sias, maT<br />
Soris Tanasworobas kanonis winaSe, (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 14), sicocxlis uflebas (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 15.1), Tavisuflebas wamebisagan da araadamianuri<br />
da damamcirebeli sasjelis akrZalvas (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 17.2), dakavebisa da patimrobis<br />
vadebis SezRudvas (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 18),<br />
sityvisa da religious Tavisuflebas (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 19) 15 , uflebas pirad cxovrebaze (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 20), sakuTrebis uflebas (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 21), gadaadgilebisa da sacxovrebeli<br />
adgilis arCevis Tavisuflebas (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 22.1), masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis<br />
Tavisuflebas (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 24.2), Sekrebis<br />
Tavisuflebas (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 25),<br />
politikuri partiebis Seqmnisa da maTSi gawevrianebis uflebas<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 26), ufleba daikavos<br />
nebismier saxelmwifo Tanamdeboba (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 28-29) uflebas samedicino momsaxurebasa<br />
da jansaR garemoSi cxovrebaze (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitu-<br />
15 Tumca, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia aRiarebs "samoqciqulo avtokefaluri<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gansakuTrebul rols"<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s istoriaSi da mis damoukideblobas saxelmwifosagan.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 9.1).<br />
68 69
cia. muxli 37), udanaSaulobis prezumcias (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 40), samarTlebrivi dacvis uflebas<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 42.3) erTi da imave danaSaulisaTvis<br />
orjer gasamarTlebis dauSveblobas, iseTi<br />
danaSaulisaTvis dasjis dauSveblobas, romelic misi Cadenis<br />
momentSi danaSaulad ar iTvleboda (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 42.4-42.5), sakuTari Tavis an garkveuli<br />
naTesavebis winaaRmdeg Cvenebis ar micemis uflebas (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. 42.8).<br />
konstitucia yvelas uzrunvelyofs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sadmi mimarTvis<br />
uflebiT, raTa daicvas sakuTari uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 42.1; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 3.1). rogorc aRiniSna faqtorSi 5, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s eqskluziuri iurisdiqcia gaaCnia,<br />
daadginos normatiuli aqtebis konstituciis II Tavis<br />
zemoaRniSnul da sxva debulebebTan Sesabamisoba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 89.1(v). <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 19(e)).<br />
amave dros, saxalxo damcveli valdebulia <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
parlamentis winaSe weliwadSi orjer warsdges <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>-<br />
Si adamianis uflebebis da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis mxriv<br />
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb angariSiT. Tumca, realobaSi, es angariSebi<br />
parlamentisaTvis naklebad prioritetulia. 2006<br />
wlis angariSis mosmenis ramdenjerme gadadebis Semdeg, parlamentma<br />
rogorc iqna, sul raRac 1½ saaTi gamoyo orive<br />
angariSis mosasmenad da uari ganacxada saxalxo damcvelisaTvis<br />
2007 wlis angariSebis mosmenisaTvis drois gamoyofaze.<br />
(ix. adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis anatomia<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saxalxo damcvelis, sozar<br />
subaris Ria werili 1-2 (2008 wlis 28 marti)).<br />
gamokiTxulTa nawilma aRniSna, rom saxelmwifos mier 2007<br />
wlis 7 noembers mSvidobiani saprotesto aqciis monawileebis,<br />
maT Soris saxalxo damcvelis (romelic Seecada<br />
policiasa da demonstrantebs Soris dapirispireba SeeCerebina)<br />
winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli gadaWarbebuli Zala da<br />
Semdgom ori damoukidebeli satelevizio arxis daxurva<br />
miuTiTebs saxlemwifos indiferentul damokidebulebaze<br />
adamianis uflebebisadmi. (agreTve, ix. saerTaSoriso krizisuli<br />
jgufi, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>: gza avtoritarizmisaken? gv.<br />
3-5 (2007 wlis 19 dekemberi). Tavisuflebis saxli, gardamavali<br />
saxelmwifoebi 2008: demokratizacia aRmosavleT<br />
centralur evropasa da evraziaSi gv. 237, 243-44 (2008); adamianis<br />
uflebaTa angariSi $$2.b, 4). 2007 wlis 7 noembris<br />
demonstraciebis Semdeg, saprotesto aqciebis monawileebs<br />
samarTlebrivi saSualebebisaTvis ar miumarTavT maT winaaRmdeg<br />
Zalis gamoyenebis faqtis gamo. radgan, maTi gancxadebiT<br />
miaCndaT, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisuflebaze mTavroba axdens<br />
gavlenas. saprotesto aqciebis zogierTi monawile daapatimres<br />
da gamokiTxulTa nawilis informaciiT, mosamarTleebma<br />
winaaRmdegoba gauwies mTavrobis zewolas da mxolod<br />
mcire jarimebis dawesebiT Semoifarglnen patimrobis magier.<br />
amasTan, aRniSnuli dakavebebis Semdeg administraciuli<br />
kolegiis ramdenime mosamarTlem Tanamdeboba datova. miuxedavad<br />
amisa, protestebis Semdeg <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s moqmedebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT sazogadoebis damokidebuleba umeteswilad<br />
kritikulia. magaliTad, saxalxo damcvelis infomaciiT,<br />
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis<br />
debulebebis miuxedavad, romlebic moiTxovs `TiToeuli<br />
saqmis droul, srul da obieqtur gamokvlevas~ da, rom Tanamdebobis<br />
pirebma `gamoarkvion saqmis garemoebebi gamokvlevis<br />
dros~, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesebis umravlesobaze mowmeebis<br />
dakiTxva ar momxdara da mosamarTleebi arsebiTad<br />
policiis gancxadebebsa da oqmebs eyrdnobodnen iseT saqmeebzec<br />
ki, sadac policias ZaladobaSi edeboda brali. (ix.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa angariSi, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saxalxo damcvelis<br />
angariSi, 2007 wlis II naxevari gv. 11-12, 21). amasTan<br />
saxalxo damcvelma ganacxada, rom zogierT SemTxvevebSi<br />
mosamarTleebma ar gaiTvaliswines administraciul samar-<br />
TaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis Sesabamisi debulebebi, raTa xelisuflebis<br />
mxardamWerTaTvis favoritizmis demonstrire-<br />
70 71
a moexdinaT. (ix. adamianis uflebaTa angariSi, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
saxalxo damcvelis angariSi, 2007 wlis II naxevari<br />
gv. 22-26). saxalxo damcvelis angariSebSi agreTve saubaria<br />
samarTliani <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s uflebis darRvevis calkeul<br />
SemTxvevebze, romlebSic <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>m ver SeZlo saqmis<br />
saTanadod Sefaseba gamoscemda ra gadawyvetilebas Sesabamisi<br />
mtkicebulebebis ararsebobis pirobebSi, ver axorcielebda<br />
winaswari gamoZiebisas daSvebuli procesualur<br />
darRvevebze adeqvatur kontrols da reagirebas, ver asabuTebda<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebSi sakuTrebis konfiskacias<br />
da arRvevda procesualur wesebs. (ix. adamianis<br />
uflebaTa angariSi, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saxalxo damcvelis angariSi,<br />
2007 wlis II naxevari gv. 104-112, 287-297, agreTve gv.4-<br />
27; 198-232). amave dros, adgili hqonda qonebrivi uflebebis<br />
seriozul darRvevebs, mesakuTreebs CamoerTvaT qoneba adeqvaturi<br />
anazRaurebis gareSe. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s axalgazrda<br />
iuristTa asociacia, qonebrivi ufleba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si 29-<br />
42 (2007)). magaliTad, gamokiTxulTa nawilma miuTiTa TbilisSi,<br />
mtkvris marcxena sanapiro zolze mdebare restornebis<br />
mesakuTreebze, romelTac saxelmwifom qoneba, TiTqosda<br />
komerciuli ganviTarebis miznebisaTvis CamoarTva. amasTan,<br />
gamokiTxulTa nawilma ganacxada, rom xSirad, qonebis mesakuTreebs<br />
prokuraturaSi iZaxeben da aiZuleben qonebis<br />
daTmobas muqariT an sxva ara<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> meTodebiT. (ix.<br />
sozar subari, adamianis uflebebis darRvevis anatomia<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si (2008 wlis 28 marti), gv. 247).<br />
gamokiTxulTa nawilis gancxadebiT pirebs, romelTac prokuratura<br />
qonebaze uaris Tqmas aiZulebda, samarTlebrivi sa-<br />
SualebebisaTvis mimarTvis eSiniaT. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s axalgazrda<br />
iuristTa asociaciam waradgina sarCeli 2007 wlis gazafxulze,<br />
Tbilisis meriis winaaRmdeg, romelSic saubaria qonebrivi<br />
uflebis savaraudo darRvevebze. Tumca, asociaciam<br />
sarCeli ukan gamoitana mas Semdeg, rac meria daTanxmda,<br />
gadaexada kompensacia ramdenime pirisaTvis, romelmac qonebaze<br />
uari ganacxada.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis da<br />
misi oqmebis xelSemkvrel saxelmwifos warmoadgens. amave<br />
dros, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs SeuZliaT adamianis uflebaTa<br />
evropuli konvencia pirdapir gamoiyenon saqmeebis gadawyvetisas.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konveciis<br />
ratificireba 1999 wlis 20 maiss moaxdina. mogvianebiT,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m misi damatebiTi oqmebis ratificirebac<br />
moaxdina #1 (2002 wlis 7 ivniss), #4 (2000 wlis 13<br />
aprils), #6 (2000 wlis 1 maiss), #7 (2000 wlis 1 ivliss), #12<br />
(2005 wlis 1 aprils), #13 (2003 wlis 1 seqtembers). (ix. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 6.2). adaminis uflebaTa evropuli<br />
konvenciis Sesaxeb mravali treningi Catarda, Tumca<br />
gamokiTxulTa nawils eWvi epareba imaSi, Tu ramdenad kargad<br />
icnoben mas realurad mosamarTleebi, advokatebi da<br />
prokurorebi. gamokiTxulTa meore nawilis gancxadebiT,<br />
advokatebi xSirad axdenen adamianis uflebaTa evropuli<br />
konvenciis citirebas da bevri mosamarTle iyenebs mas an<br />
mis precedentul samarTals gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas,<br />
gansakuTrebiT maRali instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi da sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si. gamokiTxulTa gancxadebiT<br />
pirveli instanciis mosamarTleebi, gansakuTrebiT ki raionebSi,<br />
naklebad iyeneben adamianis uflebTa evropul konvencias<br />
TavianTi gadawyvetilebebis dasabuTebisaTvis. gamokiTxulTa<br />
informaciiT, radgan <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanonmdebloba<br />
adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciasTan Sesabamisoba-<br />
Sia, konvenciis gamoyenebis sakiTxi naklebad mniSvnelovania,<br />
vidre <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanonmdeblobis gamoyeneba.<br />
nebismieri piri, arasamTavrobo organizacia an pirTa jgufi,<br />
romlis adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
uflebebi dairRva, uflebamosilia mimarTos<br />
evropis adamianis uflebaTa <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s strasburgSi, yvela<br />
adgilobrivi saSualebis amowurvis Semdeg. (adamianis<br />
uflebaTa evropuli konvencia. muxli 34, 35(1)). dRemde,<br />
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s ramdenime gadawyvetileba<br />
arsebobs <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>sTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca<br />
aseTi gadawyvetilebebis aRsruleba xelisuflebis mier<br />
72 73
xorcieldeba. 2007 wlis 31 dekembramde, adamianis ufleba-<br />
Ta evropulma <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>m 22 sarCeli dasaSvebad scno da<br />
18 sarCelze gadawyvetileba gamoitana. (adamianis ufleba-<br />
Ta evropuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s yovelwliuri angariSi 2007,<br />
gv. 140). aqedan, 13 gadawyvetilebiT dadginda adamianis uflebaTa<br />
konvenciis erTi darRveva mainc. (adamianis uflebaTa<br />
evropuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s yovelwliuri angariSi 2007, gv.<br />
144). kerZod, dadasturebulia, rom <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m daarRvia<br />
konvenciis debulebebi, romlebic Seexeba araadamianuri da<br />
damamcirebeli mopyrobis akrZalvas, efeqturi gamoZiebis<br />
ararsebobas, uflebas Tavisuflebaze da usafrTxoebaze, samarTliani<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s uflebas, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> ganxilvis<br />
xangrZlivobas, piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis pativiscemis<br />
uflebas, azris, religiisa da sityvis Tavisuflebas, efeqturi<br />
saSualebis uflebas, diskriminaciis akrZalvas da<br />
sakuTrebis dacvas.<br />
akrZalulia sagangebo an specialuri <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Seqmna.<br />
samxedro <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Seqmna daSvebulia mxolod saomari<br />
pirobebis dros da saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis sistemaSi.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 83.3-4. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
2.3-2.4). aRniSnuli debulebebi praqtikaSi sruldeba.<br />
faqtori 8. saapelacio ganxilvis sistema<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebaTa Secvla SesaZlebelia mxolod<br />
saapelacio procesis Sedegad.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: dadebiTi tendencia:<br />
kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad da praqtikaSic, gadawyvetilebis<br />
gauqmeba dasaSvebia mxolod formaluri gasaCivrebis wesiT.<br />
ukanasknel wlebSi, maRali instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mier<br />
gauqmebuli gadawyvetilebebis ricxvi Semcirda da mxareebi<br />
naklebad axdenen mosamarTlis winaaRmdeg disciplinuri<br />
saCivris Setanas gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis nacvlad.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
mxolod <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>a uflebamosili Secvalos an gaauqmos<br />
sxva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetileba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 3.2; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli<br />
4.2; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 3.2). arsebobs ori saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
Tbilissa da quTaisSi, romelTagan TiToeuli samoqalaqo<br />
saqmeTa, administraciul saqmeTa, sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saqmeTa da sagamoZiebo kolegioebisagan Sedgeba.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 20.2). saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis iurisdiqcia<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis gadawyvetilebebis<br />
gasaCivrebaze vrceldeba da saqmeebs 3 mosamarTlisagan<br />
Semdgar kolegiebze ixilaven, garda aRkveTis RonisZiebis<br />
saxiT patimrobis an dakavebis Sefardebisa, rasac sagamoZiebo<br />
kolegiis mosamarTle erTpirovnulad ganixilavs.<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>, romelic TbilisSi mdebareobs, sakasacio<br />
instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>a. igi ganixilavs qvemdgomi instanciebis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mier faqtebze kanonis morgebis<br />
sakiTxs, Tumca TviT faqtebs ganmeorebiT ar ikvlevs. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 90.1; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 9.1-2). uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
gaaCnia diskreciuli ufleba SearCios gansaxilveli<br />
saqmeebi saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT.<br />
mas samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata,<br />
administraciul saqmeTa palata, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa<br />
palata, didi palata, plenumi (romelic <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s yvela<br />
mosamarTlisagan Sedgeba) da sadisciplino kolegia aqvs.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 7.1) yvela palata saqmeebs sami mosamarTlisagan<br />
Semdgar kolegiebze, xolo gansakuTrebuli sirTulis<br />
saqmeebis SemTxvevaSi – 9 mosamarTlisagan Semdgar did palataze<br />
ixilavs. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 9.3, 10.1, 10.3).<br />
74 75
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebi sabolooa<br />
da gasaCivrebas an gadaxedvas ar eqvemdebareba. nebismieri<br />
normatiuli aqti an misi nawili, romelic <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>m ara<br />
konstituciurad miiCnia, Zaladakargulad iTvleba gadawyvetilebis<br />
gaqmoqveynebisTanave. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 89.2; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 25.1; 43,8).<br />
qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi Sejamebulia monacemebi saapelacio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebsa da uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si 2006-2008<br />
wlebSi gasaCivrebuli saqmeebisa da miRebuli Sedegebis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
gamokiTxulTa informaciiT, mxareebi amJamad naklebad iyeneben<br />
mosamarTlis winaaRmdeg saCivris Setanis proceduras<br />
saqmis gasaCivrebis nacvlad.<br />
saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si gasa-<br />
Civrebuli gadawyvetilebebis ricxvma mniSvnelovnad iklo.<br />
gamokiTxulTa gancxadebiT, aRniSnuli kleba rekomendaciebisa<br />
da gaidlainebiT aris gamowveuli, romelTac momavali<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebis prognozirebis xarisxi erTgvarad<br />
gazardes. rekomendaciebi iqmneba, rodesac mosamar-<br />
Tles miaCnia, rom kanonis romelime debuleba naTeli ar<br />
aris da uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mimarTavs, romelic yvela<br />
instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>dan 40-50 mosamarTles iwvevs aRniSnuli<br />
sakiTxis gansaxilvelad da kanonis swori interpretaciisaTvis<br />
rekomendaciis Sesadgenad. sisxlis samarTlis<br />
gaidlainebic specialuri samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlis<br />
komisiebis mier Seiqmna. magaliTad, sisxlis samarTlis<br />
komisiam Seiswavla yvela saqme konkretul danaSaulze da<br />
gaiTvaliswina Semamsubuqebeli da damamZimebeli garemoebebi.<br />
Sedegad, man Seqmna sisxlis samarTlis gaidlainebi, romlebic<br />
aSS-Si arsebulis msgavsia. rekomendaciebi da gaidlainebi<br />
savaldebulo xasiaTis ar aris. miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom SesaZloa maT dadebiTi Sedegebi mohyves <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
gadawyvtilebebis prognozirebis xarisxis zrdis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
gamokiTxulTa didma nawilma aRniSna, rom praq-<br />
apelacia da kasacia <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi<br />
wyaro: <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
tikaSi, gaidlainebi mosamarTleebis diskreciulobas zRudavs<br />
sasjelis SerCevis dros. (ix. iuridiuli profesiis<br />
<strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>, 2007 gv. 13 (saubaria advokatebis<br />
mosazrebaze, rom gaidlainebma praqtikaSi avtomaturad<br />
savaldebulo xasiaTi SeiZina da gamoiwvia mosamarTlis<br />
SeuZlebloba gadauxvios maT.))<br />
76 77
faqtori 9. wesrigis uzrunvelyofa <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
gamoZaxeba/aRsruleba<br />
mosamarTleebs gaaCniaT <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si gamoZaxebis, wesrigis<br />
dacvis da/an aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofis uflebamosileba,<br />
rac gamoiyeneba, xolo mTavrobis sxvadasxva Stoebi pativs<br />
scemen da mxars uWeren aRniSnul uflebamosilebebs.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
rogorc sisxlis samarTlis, ise samoqalaqo saqmeebSi mosamarTleebs<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si gamoZaxebisa da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazis<br />
marTvis adeqvaturi uflebamosileba gaaCniaT. ganaCenis<br />
aRsruleba yovelTvis xdeba, fuladi moTxovnebi saxelmwifos<br />
winaaRmdeg kmayofildeba, magram xSirad garkveuli<br />
gaWianurebiT. Tumca, mosamarTleebs ar gaaCniaT uflebamosileba<br />
samoqalaqo saqmeebze gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebaze.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, gamomZieblis Suamdgomlobis<br />
safuZvelze, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gascems brZanebas mowmeebis iZulebiT<br />
moyvanis Sesaxeb. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saproceso kodeqsi. muxli 175). gansasjelebs aqvT ufleba<br />
gamoiZaxon da dakiTxon mowmeebi igive pirobebiT, rogorc<br />
prokurorebma. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 42.6). Tu<br />
mowme sisxlis samarTlis procesze ar gamocxadda, mosamarTles<br />
SeuZlia daavalos policias, mowme <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
darbazSi iZulebiT moiyvanos. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saproceso kodeqsi. muxli 174.1-2). samoqalaqo da<br />
administraciul saqmeebzec mosamarTleebs SeuZliaT gamoiZaxon<br />
mxareebi da mowmeebi. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s samoqalaqo<br />
saproceso kodeqsi. muxli 70.1;). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mowme<br />
ar gamocxadda, mosamarTles SeuZlia daawesos jarima 10<br />
laris (daaxloebiT 5.65 aSS dolari) odenobiT an daavalos<br />
policias, uzrunvelyos mowmis gamocxadeba. (saqarTve-<br />
los samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi. muxli 145.1;). Tu samoqalaqo<br />
saqmeze gamoZaxebuli mxare ar gamocxadda, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi. muxli<br />
229, 230). administraciul saqmeebze mosamarTles SeuZlia<br />
miiRos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba mxaris arasapatio mizeziT<br />
gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze gansasjelebis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
procesze daswrebis uzrunvelyofa, Cveulebriv, problemas<br />
ar warmoadgens, radgan isini umeteswilad patimrobaSi arian.<br />
gamokiTxulTa informaciiT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze<br />
gamocxadebas ufro xSirad mowmeebi arideben Tavs. Tu<br />
mowme gamoZaxebis SemTxvevaSi ar gamocxadda, mosamarTle<br />
policias avalebs uzrunvelyos mowmis gamocxadeba. Tu es<br />
Sedegs ar gamoiRebs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mdivans SeuZlia waikiTxos<br />
mowmis gamoZiebis etapze micemuli Cveneba. aseT<br />
Cvenebaze damoukideblad dayrdnoba dauSvebelia, Tumca<br />
SesaZlebelia masze dayrdnoba sxva CvenebasTan kombinacia-<br />
Si. gamokiTxulTa gancxadebiT samoqalaqo samzeebze mowmeebi,<br />
rogorc wesi, mxareebs mohyavT. gamokiTxulTa nawilis<br />
gancxadebiT, mowmeebis gamoZaxebis procedura araefeqturia<br />
da mowmeebi xSirad Tavs arideben gamocxadebas, riTac saqmis<br />
ganxilva Wianurdeba. meores mxriv, administraciuli<br />
saqmeebi, ZiriTadad, dokumentebis ganxilvazea agebuli, Tumca<br />
radgan administraciul saqmeebze mtkicebis tvirTi saxelmwifos<br />
awevs, dokumentebis valdebuleba administraciul<br />
organoebs ekisrebaT.<br />
rac Seexeba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s uflebamosilebas, nebismieri piris<br />
qceva, romelic <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sadmi upativcemulobaSi gamoixateba,<br />
SeiZleba gadaizardos pasuxismgeblobaSi kanoniT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb. muxli 9). 2005 wlis 1<br />
oqtombers cvlilebebis miRebamde, sisxlis samarTlisa da<br />
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsebiT mosamarTles ar hqonda<br />
uflebamosileba daesaja <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s darbazSi wesrigis<br />
78 79
damrRvevi piri an daesaja advokati <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si gamoucxadeblobisaTvis.<br />
amJamad, mosamarTleebs gaaCniaT uflebamosileba,<br />
gaafrTxilon nebismieri piri <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbaz-<br />
Si wesrigis darRvevisaTvis, daatovebinon mas <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
darbazi, daajarimos 50-500 laris odenobiT (daaxloebiT<br />
28-283 aSS dolari) da Seufardos patimroba 30-60 dRemde<br />
vadiT ganmeorebiTi darRvevisaTvis. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s samoqalaqo<br />
saproceso kodeqsi. muxli 211, 212; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi. muxli 205-208.. ix.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
xelisufleba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si: aris Tu ara <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
damoukidebeli <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si da ra aris misi<br />
damoukideblobis garantia? gv.33-35 (2007)). gamokiTxulTa<br />
azriT, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s darbazis marTvis uflebamosileba am-<br />
Jamad adeqvaturia da mandaturis institutis SemoRebis<br />
wyalobiT, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazSi wesrigis damrRvevi piris<br />
darbazidan gaZeveba dauyovnebliv aris SesaZlebeli.<br />
ar arsebobs raime formaluri xasiaTis samarTlebrivi debuleba,<br />
romelic mosamarTles pirdapir SeuZlia gamoiyenos<br />
advokatis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
YTumca, praqtikaSi mosamarTleebi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s sisxlis<br />
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 208-e muxls iyeneben, romelic<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazSi wesrigis darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgeblobas<br />
iTvaliswinebs da romlis Tanaxmad `samarTalwarmoebis<br />
nebismieri monawile, romelic <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s daumorCileblobas<br />
Caidens, SeiZleba gaZevebul iqnas <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
darbazidan, an dajarimdes mosamarTlis brZanebiT an<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s ganCinebiT~. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si gamoucxadebloba<br />
warmoadgens <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sadmi daumorCileblobas da advokatis<br />
gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi, mas jarima daekisreba.<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa<br />
yvela saxelmwifo organosaTvis iseve, rogorc yvela pirisaTvis<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli<br />
82.2. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 4.1). <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebis<br />
Seusruleblobam SesaZloa gamoiwvios Sesabamisi pasuxismgebloba.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s organuli kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 4.3). Tumca, raime kanoni, romelic<br />
amgvari pasuxismgeblobis xarisxs gansazRvravs jer miRebuli<br />
ar aris. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni saaRsrulebo warmoebis<br />
Sesaxeb awesrigebs <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
(garda sagadasaxado pasuxismgeblobasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
gadawyvetilebebisa), mcire gadacdomebisaTvis administraciuli<br />
organoebis, kerZo saarbitraJo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis, evropis<br />
adamianis uflebebs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sa da saerTaSoriso<br />
sisxlis samarTlis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebas.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni saaRsrulebo warmoebis<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 1, 2, 17 1 .3). saaRsrulebo warmoebas axorcielebs<br />
11 teritoriuli saaRsrulebo biuro <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s, afxaze-<br />
Tisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis iusticiis saministroebis<br />
farglebSi. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni saaRsrulebo<br />
warmoebis Sesaxeb. muxli 3-4). saaRsrulebo policiis daxmarebiT<br />
aRmasruleblebi axorcieleben gadawyvetilebebis<br />
aRsrulebas <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier gamocemuli saaRsrulebo<br />
furclis Sesabamisad. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni saaRsrulebo<br />
warmoebis Sesaxeb. muxli 5, 14 3 , 20). garda im SemTxvevebisa,<br />
rodesac wamoiWreba sakiTxi, romelic <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> ganxilvas<br />
moiTxovs, saaRsrulebo furclis aRsruleba warmoebs<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Semdgmomi Carevis an monawileobis gareSe.<br />
gamokiTxulTa informaciiT, aRusrulebeli gadawyvetilebebis<br />
ricxvi sakmaod maRalia miuxedavad imisa, rom aRsrulebul<br />
gadawyvetilebaTa ricxvi 2008 wels mniSvnelovnad<br />
gaizarda wina wlebTan SedarebiT. iusticiis saministros<br />
informaciiT, 2008 wlis ianvridan noembramde aRsrulda 33470<br />
gadawyvetileba, xolo 52914 saqme SeCerda, 59080 saqme noembris<br />
bolosaTvis aRsrulebis molodinSi iyo. 2007 wels<br />
ki aRsrulebul gadawyvetilebaTa raodenoba 1113 Seadgina<br />
da 2006 wels es maSvenebeli 162 iyo. radgan gadawyvetilebebis<br />
aRsruleba iusticiis saministros kompetenciaSi Sedis,<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs cota ram SeuZliaT am mxriv mdgomareobis<br />
gasaumjobeseblad. erTerTi mowmis gancxadebiT, kreditors<br />
80 81
xSirad uwevs aqtiuri rolis TamaSi misi gadawyvetilebis<br />
aRsrulebaSi. aRsrulebis erovnuli biuros efeqturobis<br />
gasazrdelad, igegmeba movaleTa reestris SemoReba, romelic<br />
2009 wlis zafxulSi unda Seiqmnas. departaments daaxloebiT<br />
230 TanamSromeli hyavda, rac, gamokiTxulTa gancxadebiT,<br />
sakmarisi ar aris arsebuli samuSaos raodenobasTan<br />
SedarebiT. amave dros, aRmasruleblebis anazRaureba sakmaod<br />
mcirea da isini ar arian uzrunvelyofilni satransporto<br />
saSualebebiT maTi funqciebis 16 Sesasruleblad. situacia<br />
ukeTesia mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego gadawyvetilebebis<br />
aRsrulebis TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom rogorc<br />
aRiniSna faqtorSi 6, aseTi gadawyvetilebebis aRsruleba<br />
SeiZleba gadaidos iqamde, sanam aucilebeli Tanxebi xelmisawvdomi<br />
gaxdeba. samoqalaqo gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebisagan<br />
gansxvavebiT, ganaCenebis aRsruleba daubrkoleblad<br />
xdeba.<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebi, romlebmac<br />
normatiuli aqtebi ara konstituciurad scnes, Zaladakargulad<br />
iTvleba gadawyvetilebis gamoqveynebisTanave.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 89.2 <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. 23.1, 25.2). aseTi gadawyvetilebebi<br />
"sabolooa da maTi Seusrulebloba isjeba<br />
kanoniT". (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 25.1). yvela saxelmwifo organo, iuridiuli<br />
erTeuli da piri valdebulia, daicvas sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetileba. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb. muxli 24.1). sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mdivani pasuxismgebelia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebaze da plenumisaTvis gada-<br />
16 gamokiTxulTa informaciiT, iusticiis saministro garkveul<br />
zomebs iRebs aRniSnuli pirobebis gasaumjobeseblad. aRsrulebis<br />
teritoriuli biuroebi aRiWurva kompiuteruli teqnikiT da<br />
avtomanqanebis garaJis nawilobrivi ganaxlebac ganxorcielda.<br />
amasTan, 2006 wels aRmasruleblebis saSualo xelfasi 290 laridan<br />
(daaxloebiT 164 aSS dolari) 710 laramde (daaxloebiT 400<br />
aSS dolari) gaizarda.<br />
wyvtilebebis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb yovelTviuri angariSis<br />
wardgenaze. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb. muxli 24.2(d)). Tumca, raime kanoni, romelic<br />
gansazRvravs konkretul sasjels sakonsktitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
gadawyvetilebis aRusruleblobisaTvis jer miRebuli<br />
ar aris.<br />
III. finansuri wyaroebi<br />
faqtori 10. sabiujeto dafinanseba<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xeliseuflebas gaaCnia SesaZlebloba zegavlena<br />
moaxdinos parlamentze an aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaze<br />
misTvis Tanxebis gamoyofis sakiTxSi. agreTve,<br />
Tanxis gamoyofis Semdeg, is uflebamosilia gaakontrolos<br />
sakuTari biujeti da gaweuli xarjebi.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs SezRuduli zegavlena<br />
aqvT maTTvis sabiujeto Tanxebis gamoyofaze. saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamenti, romelic iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
sabWos SemadgenlobaSia uflebamosilia, Seadginos <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
biujeti da gaxarjos parlamentis mier gamoyofili<br />
Tanxebi. meore mxriv, uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> da sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sakuTar biujets TviTon adgenen da<br />
akontroleben maTTvis gamoyofili Tanxebis xarjvas. ukanasknel<br />
wlebSi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisaTvis gamoyofili dafinanseba<br />
mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
mxolod mTavrobas aqvs ufleba, prezidentis TanxmobiT, parlaments<br />
biujetis proeqti warudginos. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia.<br />
muxli 93.1, 73.1e). araugvianes ivlisis Sua ricxvebisa<br />
finansTa saministro valdebulia sxvadasxva saxelmwifo<br />
uwyebas gaugzavnos werili momavali wlis biujetis<br />
82 83
Sesaxeb miTiTebebiT, sadac mocemulia maqsimaluri Tanxa,<br />
romelic TiToeul uwyebas SeuZlia moiTxovos. maT finans-<br />
Ta saministroSi sabiujeto moTxovnebi 15 agvistomde unda<br />
waradginon. finansTa saministro Seajamebs moTxovnebs da<br />
Sedegebs prezidentsa da mTavrobas gadascems. axali sabiujeto<br />
wlis dawyebamde (romelic 1 ianvars iwyeba) araugvianes<br />
sami TviT adre mTavroba biujetis proeqts parlaments<br />
gadascems. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 93.2).<br />
parlaments ara aqvs ufleba biujetis proeqtSi raime cvlilebebis<br />
Setanisa mTavrobis nebarTvis gareSe. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 93.4). parlamenti ganixilavs biujetis<br />
proeqts da iusticiis saministroSi komentarebs waradgens<br />
araugvianes 1 dekembrisa. Semdeg, finansTa saministro<br />
gadaxedavs biujets komentarebisa da mTavrobasTan konsultaciebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT da xelaxla waradgens mas<br />
parlamentSi wlis dasrulebamde. parlamenti biujets xmebis<br />
umravlesobiT amtkicebs da prezidenti mas xels awers.<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia. muxli 92.1). Tu parlamenti<br />
biujets sami Tvis vadaSi ver daamtkicebs, prezidents Seu-<br />
Zlia daiTxovos mTavroba an parlamenti, daniSnos riggareSe<br />
arCevnebi da biujeti brZanebiT daamtkicos. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia. muxli 93.6-93.7)<br />
saxelmwifo biujetSi aris calke grafa saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisaTvis<br />
mTlianad, uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sTvis da sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sTvis. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>,<br />
sakonstitucio sasamrTlo da iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
sabWo (saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis saxeliT) lobireben sabiujeto<br />
ganxilvebis dros sakuTari dafinansebis sakiTxs.<br />
praqtikaSi ki, saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs (uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
garda) ar SeuZliaT parlamentze gavlenis moxdena<br />
maTi saqmianobisaTvis gamoyofili Tanxis raodenobis gazrdis<br />
mizniT. saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamenti (romelic<br />
moqmedebs, rogorc iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos nawili)<br />
aris pasuxismgebeli raionuli (saqalaqo) da saapelacio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis materialur da teqnikur uzrunvelyofaze.<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb; muxli 70.1). sxva<br />
uflebamosilebebs Soris saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamenti<br />
aseve pasuxismgebelia moamzados saxelmiwfo biujetis<br />
is nawili, romelic saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs exeba (garda<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>si) da gadascems mas iusticiis<br />
umaRles sabWos, romelic Tavis mxriv am biujets finansTa<br />
saministros warudgens. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb; muxli 81.3). dauSvebelia wina wlebSi miRebuli<br />
dafinansebis Semcireba, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac amaze<br />
Tanxmobas mosamarTleTa konferencia ganacxadebs. (kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb; muxli 81.4). saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
departamenti pasuxismgebelia ara marto sabiujeto<br />
procesebze, aramed aseve zedamxedvelobs saerTo<br />
sasamrTloebis (garda uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>si) finansebis<br />
xarjvas. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb; muxli<br />
71 (a); 71(d))..<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamenti rogorc wesi ar iRebs<br />
rCevebs saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebidan maTi saWiroebebis Taobaze<br />
biujetis momzadebis periodSi. erTerTma mosamarTlem aRni-<br />
Sna, rom man ar miiRo pasuxi mis mier departamentSi gagzavnil<br />
moTxovnaze. biujetis proeqtis momzadebisas departamenti<br />
xelmZRvanelobs im normebiT Tu ra aveji, aRWurviloba<br />
Tu saofise masala dasWirdeba mosamarTles. finans-<br />
Ta saministros ki SeuZlia Seamciros departamentis mier<br />
moTxovnili Tanxa. ekonomikuri mizezebis gamo, saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs<br />
yovelTvis ar xvdebaT maTi saWiroebis adeqvaturi<br />
dafinaseba. magaliTad, zogierTma mosamarTlem aRniSna,<br />
rom maT gasul wlebSi ar hqondaT sakmarisi sakancelario<br />
Tu sxva nivTebi. saxelmwifo biujetSi calke grafaa<br />
gamoyofili saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mTliani biujetisTvis,<br />
uzenaesi da sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisaTvis.<br />
amis sapirispirod, uzenaes da sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs<br />
meti Tavisufleba aqvs sakuTari dafinansebis gankargvis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, vidre sxva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs. am <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Tavmjdomareebi amzadeben da sabiujeto moTxovnebs<br />
ugzavnian pirdapir finansTa saministros. (organuli kanoni<br />
84 85
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 6; organuli kanoni<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 3.2). sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare gankargavs sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sTvis gamoyifili biujetis xarjvas.<br />
(organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 12.1 (v)). realurad, uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare<br />
igive uflebiT sargeblobs, anu gankargavs da zedamxedvelobs<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s finansebs, rac uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb organuli kanonis meeqvse muxliT aris<br />
gansazRvruli, miuxedavad imisa rom es uflebamosileba<br />
konkretulad ar aris Camoyalibebuli.<br />
2006, 2007 da 2008 wlebSi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebma miiRes im odenobis<br />
dafinanseba rac moiTxoves. 2005 wlis Semdeg saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebisaTvis gamoyofili biujeti arsebiTad gaizarda,<br />
magram mTlian saxelwifo biujetTan mimarTebiT procentuli<br />
maCveneblis zrda arc ise mniSvnelovania.<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis biujeti 2005-2008<br />
wyaro: uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> da sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamenti, axorcielebs ra saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis biujetis xarjvaze zedamxedvelobas, ar<br />
gamouyofs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs finansebs aRWurvilobis da nivTe-<br />
bis pirdapir, damoukideblad SesaZenad, aramed departamenti<br />
axdens centralizebul Sesyidvas da saWiroebis mixedviT<br />
anawilebs maT <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs Soris. amis Sedegad ki,<br />
rodesac sasamrTlos sWirdeba raimes SeZena maT ar Seu-<br />
ZliaT ubralod SeiZinon es nivTebi adgilobrivad, aramed<br />
unda mimarTon departaments moTxovniT da daelodon am<br />
moTxovnis Sesrulebas, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios am nivTebis<br />
dagvianebiT miReba an nivTebis uqonloba xanmokle periodiT.<br />
amasTanave <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi valdebulni arian daelodnon<br />
departaments, Tu rodis moxdeba maTi Senobebis garemonteba<br />
da aRWurvilobis ganaxleba. miuxedavad am sakiTxebisa<br />
gamokiTxulma pirebma aRniSnes, rom saWiro aRWurvilobis<br />
miwodebis dagvianeba da maTi uqonloba adre seriozuli<br />
problema iyo da amJamad ki aRar arsebobs, vinaidan<br />
gaizarda biujeti.<br />
faqtori 11. mosamarTleTa anazRaureba<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: dadebiTi tendencia:<br />
mosamarTleTa anazRaureba 2005 wlis Semdeg mniSvnelovnad<br />
gaizarda. miuxedavad amisa zogierTma gamokiTxulma aRniSna,<br />
rom xelfasebi ar aris adeqvaturi, gansakuTrebiT ki<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebisaTvis.<br />
gamokiTxulTa umetesobas ki miaCnia, rom xelfasebi aris<br />
sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom moizidos da SeinarCunos kvalificirebuli<br />
kadrebi da aseve maT mieceT ojaxis normaluri<br />
rCenis saSualeba Semosavlis sxva wyaroebis Ziebis gareSe.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
mosamarTlis xelfasi da daxmarebebi ar SeiZleba Semcirdes<br />
misi mosamarTled muSaobis periodSi. (kanoni saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb; muxli 82.2; organuli kanoni<br />
uzenaesi sasamrTlos Sesaxeb muxli 5). saxelmwifo valdebulia<br />
uzenaesi da sakonstitucio sasamrTloebis mosamarTleebs<br />
gadauxados xelfasi, rac iqneba adeqvaturi da<br />
86 87
uzrunvelyofs maT damoukideblobas. (organuli kanoni<br />
uzenaesi sasamrTlos Sesaxeb muxli 3.3. organuli kanoni<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 4.3). mosamar-<br />
Tled muSaobis periodSi miRebuli xelfasis garda mosamarTleebs<br />
aseve ekuTvniT pensia sapensio asakis miRwevisas.<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleebi iReben pensias sapensio<br />
asakis miRwevis Semdeg. (kanoni saxelmwifo kompensaciisa<br />
da saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiebis Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 12.2).<br />
mosamarTleTa xelfasebi izrdeba yovelwliurad 2005 wlis<br />
Semdgom. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili gviCvenebs mosamarTleebis<br />
xelfasebis zrdas 2008 wlis CaTvliT.<br />
mosamarTleTa xelfasebi 2005-2008<br />
wyaro: kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa<br />
anazRaurebis Sesaxeb muxli 1 (miRebulia 2005 wlis 23<br />
dekembers); kanoni sakonstitucio sasamrTloebis wevrTa<br />
anazRaurebis Sesaxeb muxli 1 (miRebulia 2007 wlis 4<br />
ivliss).<br />
SedarebisaTvis, 2007 wlis noembris mdgomareobiT<br />
prokuroris saSualo xelfasi Seadgenda 900 lars (508<br />
dolari). (ixileT iuridiuli profesiis <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>;<br />
2007 weli; amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis<br />
iniciativa).<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamenti im mosamarTleebs,<br />
romlebic sakuTari saxlidan Sors cxovroben uxdis damatebiT<br />
Tanxas xelfasze binis saqiraod. magaliTad 2008<br />
wels am Tanxmam quTaisisTvis Seadgina 350 lari TveSi<br />
(daaxloebiT 198 dolari); 450 lari TveSi baTumisaTvis<br />
(daaxloebiT 255 dolari) da 550 lari TveSi TbilisisaTvis<br />
(daaxloebiT 310 dolari). 2006 wlis dekembridan sakonstitucio<br />
sasamrTlos mosamarTleebma miiRes samedicino<br />
dazRveva, xolo 2008 wlis 1 ivnisisaTvis igegmeba yvela<br />
mosamarTlis samedicino dazRveviT uzrunvelyofa.<br />
gamokiTxulTa umetesobam aRniSna, rom 2005 wlis Semdeg<br />
miRebuli saxelfaso zrda mniSvnelovania, miaCniaT rom<br />
mosamarTlis xelfasi adeqvaturia mosamarTlisaTvis da<br />
rom maT SeuZliaT izrunon sakuTar ojaxze da icxovron<br />
usafrTxo garemoSi. zogierTi gamokiTxuli miiCnevs, rom<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
mosamarTleebis xelfasi ar aris adeqvaturi uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s, advokatebis da ministrebis xelfasTan<br />
SedarebiT, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin Tu gaviTvaliswinebT<br />
mosamarTleTa datvirTvas. miuxedavad amisa gazrdili xelfasebis<br />
erTerTi dadebiTi Sedegi aris korufciis aRmofxvra<br />
mosamarTleTa Soris. amasTanave mosamarTleebi aRar<br />
cdiloben damatebiTi samuSaos Ziebas.<br />
faqtori 12. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senobebi<br />
Senobebi, ZiriTadad, ganlagebulia advilad misadgom da<br />
moxerxebul adgilebSi, sadac uzrunvelyofilia samarTalwarmoebisaTvis<br />
saWiro garemo.<br />
88 89
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendecia:<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamenti dakavebulia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
Senobebis garemontebiT da Tu saWiroa axali <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
Senobebis agebiT. ukve garemontebuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senobebi<br />
warmoadgens karg da adeqvatur garemos da aqvs Sesabamisi<br />
infrastruqtura. dagegmilia, rom 2009 wlis bolosTvis<br />
yvela <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senoba iqneba garemontebuli.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamentis uflebamosileba<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi uzrunvelyos materialur-teqnikuri baziT<br />
aseve moicavs Sesaferis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senobebs. (kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli 71 (b)). Zveli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
Senobebis garemonteba da axali <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senobebis<br />
mSenebloba, romelic ramodenime wlis win daiwyo kvlav<br />
grZeldeba. ixileT <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>.<br />
2007 wlis SemodgomisaTvis mniSvnelovani progresi<br />
ganxorcielda - 21 <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senoba srulad garemontda.<br />
saremonto samuSaoebi dasrulda uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si,<br />
saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si, raionul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi<br />
axalqalaqSi, axalcixeSi, ambrolaurSi, baTumSi, gorSi,<br />
xaSurSi, quTaisSi, mcxeTaSi, ozurgeTSi, foTSi, rusTavSi,<br />
saCxereSi, samtrediaSi, siRnaRSi, TbilisSi, TelavSi, zestafon-<br />
Si da zugdidSi. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
reforma <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si 2005-2009 wlebi; gv. 24).<br />
amasTanave 12 magistrati <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>c garemontda, maT Soris<br />
abaSis, axmetis, dedofliswyaros, lentexis, ninowmindis, Suaxevis,<br />
walkis da wyaltubosi. (iqve; gv. 24-25). rodesac am<br />
angariSisaTvis interviuebi tardeboda dagegmili iyo 2008<br />
wlis bolosTvis 50 <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> SenobaSi saremonto samuSaoebis<br />
dasruleba da 15 <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senobis, maT Soris<br />
magistrati <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s, saremonto samuSaoebis dasruleba<br />
dagegmilia 2009 wlis bolosTvis.<br />
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamrTlos, quTaisis saapelacio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s da baTumis saqalaqo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Senobebis<br />
garemonteba da mSenebloba Tavidan nawilobriv ganxorcielda<br />
msoflio bankis mier, magram uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier<br />
mowodebuli informaciis mixedviT, sxva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senobebis<br />
garemonteba dafinansda saxelmwifos mier. 2007 wlis<br />
SemodgomisaTvis saxelmwifom daaxloebiT 15 milioni lari<br />
(daaxloebiT 8.5 milioni dolari) daxarja <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senobebis<br />
ganaxlebaze.<br />
gamokiTxulTa mixedviT gauremontebeli magistrati <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi<br />
Zalian cud mdgomareobaSia. axal da garemontebul<br />
sasamrTlo SenobebSi sakmarisi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazebia,<br />
da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesebi aRar imarTeba mosamarTlis<br />
oTaxSi, rogorc es adre xdeboda. rogorc gamokiTxulebma<br />
aRniSnes, es <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senobebi kargad aris aRWurvili<br />
da Seesabameba evropul standartebs, aseve qmnian ufro<br />
formalur da pativsacem garemos. Tbilisis saqalaqo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
aris nafic msajulTa <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sTvis gankuTvnili<br />
darbazi. 17<br />
faqtori 13. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> usafrTxoeba<br />
mosamarTleTa usafrTxoebis, maT mimarT muqaris, maTze<br />
Tavdasxmisa da maTi mkvlelobisagan dacvis mizniT gamoiyofa<br />
saTanado Tanxebi.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendecia:<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> mandaturis institutis SemoRebam mniSvnelovnad<br />
uzrunvelyo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si wesrigis dacva da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
Senobebis usafrTxoeba. kidev damatebiTi siaxle aris metalis<br />
deteqtorebis dadgma <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> SenobebSi. gamokiTxulTa<br />
umravlesobam aRniSna, rom mandaturebi damatebiT<br />
trenings saWiroeben da trening-programa SemuSavebulia.<br />
17 dagegmilia, rom nafic msajulTa <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier gansaxilveli<br />
saqme Semoifarglos mxolod erTi danaSauliT, rogoricaa<br />
mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi da nafic msajulTa <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
mxolod TbilisSi amoqmeddeba.<br />
90 91
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
saxelmwifom unda "uzrunvelyos mosamarTlis da misi ojaxis<br />
usafrTxoeba". (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia muxli 87.2; kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli 52.2; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli<br />
3.3 kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli<br />
4.4). 2005 wels noemberSi parlamentma Seqmna <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
mandaturis instituti. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> mandaturi pasuxismgebelia<br />
daicvas <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Senoba da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis<br />
dros daicvas wesrigi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazSi. (kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli 76 1 .1). miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom specialuri saswavlo programa ar aris SemuSavebuli<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> mandaturisaTvis, maT treningi utardebaT<br />
sxvadasxva sakiTxebze. iusticiis umaRlesi skola muSaobs<br />
daniis mTavrobis programasTan, romelic evrosabWosTan<br />
erTad xorcieldeba imisaTvis, rom SemuSavdes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
mandaturis saswavlo programa.<br />
64 <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>dan 46 <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si aris metalis deteqtori.<br />
im 46 <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si, sadac metalis deteqtori dgas,<br />
aseve moqmedebs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> mandaturis instituti. gamokiTxulTa<br />
mixedviT, Cveulebriv <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesze areulobas<br />
ar aqvs adgili, magram politikurad mgrZnobiare saqmeebze<br />
opoziciis warmomadgenlebma SeiZleba areuloba gamoiwvion.<br />
gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes, rom formaSi Cacmuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
mandaturis yofnam <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazSi seriozuli<br />
gavlena iqonia ufro stabiluri garemos Seqmnaze.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom mandaturebisaTvis ar aris savaldebulo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazSi yofna, SeiZleba maTi gamoZaxeba<br />
im pirovnebis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazidan gasayvanad visac mosamarTlem<br />
darbazis datoveba ubrZana da ar daemorCila.<br />
gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> mandaturebs meti<br />
treningi sWirdebaT, vinaidan aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac maT<br />
ar ician rogori reagireba moaxdinon, xandaxan ar iqcevian<br />
Tavazianad da yovelgvari safuZvlis gareSe aiZuleben pirs<br />
datovon <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazi. gamokiTxulebma ver daasaxeles<br />
SemTxveva. rodesac policiis dacva iqna gamoyofili<br />
mosamarTlisaTvis an misi ojaxisaTvis maTi muqarisgan<br />
dasacavad.<br />
IV. mosamarTlis statusis uzrunvelyofa<br />
faqtori 14. garantirebuli uflebamosilebis vada<br />
maRali rangis mosamarTleebi iniSnebian fiqsirebuli vadiT,<br />
romelic garantirebulia sapensio asakamde miRwevamde<br />
an gansazRvruli xangrZlivi vadis amowurvamde.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: uaryofiTi tendecia:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si mosamarTleebi iniSnebian 10 wlis vadiT. sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleTa garda, amasTan<br />
SeiZleba maTi xelaxali daniSvna. gamokiTxulebs sjeraT,<br />
rom mosamarTleebis xelaxali daniSvna ar xdeba maT mier<br />
gamotanili gadawyvetilebebis gamo. mosamarTlis Tanamdebobrivi<br />
vada SeiZleba Semcirdes saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi<br />
mimdinare reorganizaciis gamo, ris Sedegadac mosamarTleebi<br />
SeiZleba sarezevro siaSi gadaiyvanon da es procesi ar<br />
aris gamWirvale.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciiT garantirebulia saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleTa, maT Soris uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
mosamarTleTa daniSvna ara nakleb 10 wlis vadiT.<br />
kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb da aseve kanoni uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb akonkretebs daniSvnis 10 wlian<br />
vadas (romelic SeiZleba gaizardos im vadiT ra vadac<br />
mosamarTles sWirdeba mimdinare saqmeze gadawyvetilebis<br />
gamosatanad). (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia muxli 86.2; 90.2;<br />
kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli 49.1-49.2;<br />
92 93
organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli<br />
21.1). saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTle SeiZleba dainiSnos<br />
erTze meti vadiT. saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa<br />
samuSao vada aseve SeiZleba amoiwuros sapensio asakis miRwevisas,<br />
rodesac maT 65 weli SeusruldebaT. (kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli 54 (T); organuli kanoni<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 24 (1) (i)). saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis yofili mosamarTleebi miiReben pensias mas<br />
Semdeg, rac isini miaRweven sapensio asaks. sapensio Tanxa<br />
Seadgens moqmedi mosamarTlis xelfasis 3%-s gamravlebuls<br />
mosamarTled muSaobis TiToeul welze. (kanoni saxelmwifo<br />
kompensaciebisa da saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 12.2). uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebis<br />
pensia ganisazRvreba uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s moqmedi<br />
mosamarTlis yovelTviuri xelfasis odenobiT. (organuli<br />
kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 36).<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebi iniSnebian gansazRvruli<br />
10 wlis vadiT,. (organuli kanoni sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 8); saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleebisagan gansxvavebiT sakonstitucio sasamrTlos<br />
mosamarTled piri SeiZleba dainiSnos mxolod erTi<br />
vadiT. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia muxli 88.3; organuli<br />
kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 8).<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s yvela mosamarTlem imsaxura<br />
sruli vadiT garda orisa, romlebmac Tanamdeboba datoves<br />
sxva Tanamdebobaze gadasvlis gamo.<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis reorganizaciis procesi jer kidev<br />
mimdinareobs. raionuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi gaerTianda raionul<br />
(saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi, ris Sedegadac sasamrTloTa<br />
raodenoba 72-dan Semcirda 15 <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>mde. is mosamarTleebi,<br />
romelTa <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebic gauqmda sakuTari survilis mixedviT<br />
an sxva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si gadaiyvanes, an Tanamdeboba datoves<br />
da maTi TanxmobiT rezervist mosamarTleTa siaSi<br />
daregistridnen. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 54. 1 1-54. 1 2). rezervis mosamarTleTa siidan mosamarTle<br />
SeiZleba gamwesdes sxva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si. rezervist mosamarTleTa<br />
siaSi yofnisas isini iReben yovelTviur anazraurebas<br />
500 laris odenobiT (daaxloebiT 282 dolari), sanam<br />
maTi Tavdapirveli daniSvnis vada amoiwureba an sanam isini<br />
amoiricxebian sarezervo siidan. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 54. 1 3) mosamarTleTa amoricxva sarezervo<br />
siidan SeiZleba moxdes disciplinuri darRvevisaTvis,<br />
romelic maT mosamarTled muSaobis dros Caidines; mosamarTled<br />
muSaobisas kanonis uxeSi darRvevisaTvis; korufciisaTvis;<br />
samosamarTlo Tanamdebobis borotad da marTlmsajulebis<br />
interesebis sawinaaRmdegod gamoyenebisaTvis; mosamarTlisaTvis<br />
Seuferebel saqminaobaSi monawileobisaTvis;<br />
samosamarTlo valdebulebebTan interesTa konfliqtisaTvis;<br />
samosamarTlo ufleba-movaleobebis ver ganxorcielebisaTvis<br />
da samosamarTlo eTikis wesebis darRvevisaTvis. (kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleTa anazRaurebis Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 1 (m) (miRebuli, 2005 wlis 23 dekembers)).<br />
gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes, rom es reorganizacia warmoadgens<br />
safrTxes mosamarTleTa damoukideblobisa da maTi<br />
vadamde adre ganTavisuflebisaTvis. gansakuTrebiT ki ma-<br />
Sin, rodesac iusticiis umRlesi sabWos gadawyvetilebebi,<br />
Tu romeli mosamarTle sad ganawildes an Cairicxos Tu<br />
ara sarezervo siaSi ar aris gamWvirvale procesi da aseve<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebis kriteriumebi ar aris obieqturi.<br />
gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes aseve, rom mosamarTleebs ar misces<br />
ganmarteba imis Taobaze, Tu ratom moxdeba maTi gamweseba<br />
sxva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si an maTi gadayvana rezervist mosamarTle-<br />
Ta siaSi. mosamarTleTa winaaRmdeg disciplinuri devnis<br />
Sesaxeb gamokiTxulebma gamoTqves eWvi, rom mosamarTleTa<br />
ganTavisufleba Tanamdebobidan xSirad xdeba maT mier sisxlis<br />
samarTlis saqmeze braldebulis udanaSaulod cnobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, an sxva iseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas, rac<br />
saxelmwifos interesebs ewinaaRmdegeba.<br />
zogierTma gamokiTxulma aseve aRniSna, rom iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
sabWo ganixilavs mosazrebas mosamarTleTa Tanamde-<br />
94 95
obaze daniSvnis Taobaze sapensio asakis miRwevamde, romelic<br />
SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes 2009 wels daniSnuli mosamarTleebis<br />
mimarT. zogierTma gamoTqva mosazreba, rom mar-<br />
Tlmsajulebis xarisxi unda gaizardos sanam mosamarTle-<br />
Ta uvado daniSvna iqneba SemoRebuli.<br />
faqtori 15. mosamarTleTa dawinaurebis obieqturi<br />
kriteriumi<br />
mosamarTleTa dawinaureba xorcieldeba obieqturi kriteriumis<br />
safuZvelze; magaliTad - unari, patiosneba da<br />
gamocdileba.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si ar arsebobs mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobrivi<br />
dawinaurebis formaluri sistema. axali mosamarTlis<br />
Tanamdebobaze daniSvnis kriteriumebi ganxilul pirvel<br />
da meore faqtorebSi aseve exeba moqmedi mosamarTleebis<br />
Tanamdebobebze gamwesebas. mosamarTleebi naklebad informirebulni<br />
arian imis Taobaze, Tu rogor xdeba gadawyvetilebis<br />
miReba dawinaurebis Taobaze da zogierTs aqvs<br />
eWvi, rom es ar aris obieqturi procesi.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
samosamarTlo dawinaurebisas mosamarTle SeiZleba ufro<br />
maRali instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si dainiSnos an gaxdes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomare imave <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si. ar arsebobs<br />
mosamarTleTa dawinaurebis formaluri procesi. iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi sabWo axdens mosamarTleTa dawinaurebas im<br />
kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic pirvel faqtor-<br />
Sia aRwerili da im procedurebis mixedviT, romelic meore<br />
faqtorSia mocemuli. iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo aqveynebs<br />
mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis vakansiebs gazeTSi, an sakuTar<br />
an uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s veb gverdebze, http://www.hcoj.gov.ge;<br />
http://www.supremecourt. iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo gansazRvravs<br />
vakansiebze sabuTebis Semotanis vadas. iusticiis umaRles<br />
sabWoSi moqmedebs komisia, romelic ganixilavs ganacxadebs.<br />
rogorc ukve meore faqtorSi aRiniSna, iusticiis umaRlesma<br />
sabWom 2007 wels miiRo aqti mosamarTleTa daniSvnis<br />
Sesaxeb imisaTvis, rom mosamarTleTa daniSvnis procesi ufro<br />
obieqturi gaxdes. axlad daniSnuli mosamarTleebi, romelTac<br />
aqvT mosamarTled muSaobis erT welze naklebi staJi<br />
da vinc ar arian iusticiis umaRlesi skolis kursdamTavrebulebi,<br />
samosamarTlo saqmianobis dawyebamde valdebulni<br />
arian gaiaron specialuri saswavlo kursi. (Tu maT es kursi<br />
jer ar aqvT gavlili). (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 47.8; 69); aseve ixileT faqtori 1.<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo Tanamdebobaze niSnavs raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo) da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Tavmjdomareebs,<br />
aseve maT kolegiebs da palatebis Tavmjdomareebs 5<br />
wlis vadiT. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli<br />
15 1 4; 17.1; 20.5-6). parlamenti Tanamdebobaze niSnavs uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomares 10 wlis vadiT; xmaTa umravlesobiT,<br />
prezidentis wardginebis safuZvelze. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
konstitucia muxli 90.2. organuli kanoni uzenaesi<br />
sasamrTlos Sesaxeb muxli 21). uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s plenumi<br />
irCevs palatebis Tavmjdomareebs da disciplinarul<br />
sabWos 3 wlis vadiT. (organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 11.4). palatebis moadgileebi aseve<br />
warmoadgenen uzenaesi sasamrTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgiles.<br />
(organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 11.5).<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s wevrebi TavianTi Semadgenlobidan<br />
irCeven Tavmjdomares, Tavmjdomaris moadgiles da<br />
mdivans 5 wlis vadiT; mxolod mdivnis arCevaa SesaZlebeli<br />
meore vadiT. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia muxli 88.2; organuli<br />
kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxlebi<br />
10.1; 10.6; 14.1). Tavmjdomareobis kandidatura unda daasaxelos<br />
prezidentma, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s parlamentis Tavmjdomarem<br />
da <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomarem.<br />
96 97
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare<br />
asaxelebs vice Tavmjdomaris da mdivnis kandidaturebs.<br />
(organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
muxlebi 10.3-10.4; 12.1 (g)).<br />
ramodenime mosamarTlem aRniSna, rom maT ar ician Tu ra<br />
kriteriumebi gamoiyeneba mosamarTleTa dawinaurebis dros<br />
da zogierTi gamokiTxulis mosazrebiT kriteriumebi subieqturia.<br />
sxva gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes, rom samosamarTlo<br />
karieruli winsvlisTvis arsebobs araoficiluri etapebi,<br />
romlis mixedviTac pirveli instanciis mosamarTleebi jer<br />
saapelacio, xolo Semdeg uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si iniSnebian.<br />
faqtori 16. mosamarTlis xelSeuxebloba<br />
mosamarTleebs gaaCniaT imuniteti maT mier sakuTari kompetenciis<br />
farglebSi ganxorcielebul saqmianobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: dadebiTi tendencia:<br />
mosamarTleTa imuniteti sisxlis samarTlebriv devnasTan,<br />
dakaveba da CxrekasTan dakavSirebiT Zalian farToa. mosamarTlis<br />
dakaveba, dapatimreba da mis mimarT sisxlis samarTlebrivi<br />
devnis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia mxolod<br />
zemdgomi mosamarTlis TanxmobiT. sisxlis samarTlis 336-e<br />
muxli, romliTac daSvebuli iyo mosamarTlis sisxlis samarTlebrivi<br />
devna, Secdomebis gamo gauqmda. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
kanonmdeblobaSi ar aris debuleba, romliTac mosamarTle<br />
isargeblebs samoqalaqo davebze imunitetiT.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
mosamrTleebi farTo imunitetiT sargebloben. ar SeiZleba<br />
mosamarTlis dakaveba, dapatimreba an mis mimarT sisxlis<br />
samarTlebrivi devnis aRZvra danaSaulis gamo, ar SeiZleba<br />
aseve mosamarTlis binis, manqanis, samuSao adgilis an misi<br />
piradi Cxreka uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomaris Tanxmobis<br />
gareSe (saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleebisaTvis),<br />
parlamentis Tanxmobis gareSeE (uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebisaTvis)<br />
an sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tanxmobis<br />
gareSe (sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebisaTvis).<br />
mosamarTle, romelsac danaSaulis Cadenaze<br />
waaswreben, SeiZleba daakavon, daapatimron da Sesabamisad<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare, parlamenti da sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> dauyovnebliv unda iyos informirebuli<br />
amis Taobaze. Tu Sesabamisi uwyeba ar ganacxadebs<br />
Tanxmobas mosamarTlis dakavebis Taobaze igi dauyovnebliv<br />
unda ganTavisufldes. (konstitucia muxli 87.1; 88.5; 90.4;<br />
kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli 52.1; organuli<br />
kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 4;<br />
organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 15.1). specialuri proceduris dacvaa saWiro imisaTvis,<br />
rom mosamarTle an saxelmwifo uwyebis warmomadgeneli<br />
wardges <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s winaSe. (sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saproceso kodeqsi muxli 9.2-9.3). <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanonmdeblobaSi<br />
ar aris debulebebi, romliTac mosamarTle isargeblebs<br />
imunitetiT samoqalaqo davebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
warsulSi SesaZlebloba mosamarTlis disciplinuri devnisa<br />
seriozuli an ganmeorebiTi darRvevisaTvis, Secdomebis<br />
daSvebisaTvis, warmoadgenda safrTxes samosamarTlo imunitetisaTvis.<br />
(ixileT faqtori 17 qvemoT). magram, sisxlis<br />
samarTlis kodeqsidan muxli 336, romliTac daSvebuli iyo<br />
sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna da mosamarTlis dakaveba Secdomebis<br />
gamo, amoRebulia 2007 wlis ivlisSi.<br />
gamokiTxulTa umetesobas sjera, rom mosamarTleTa imuniteti<br />
damakmayofilebelia da is praqtikaSi moqmedebs.<br />
zogadad, miCneulia, rom mosamarTleebi borotad ar iyeneben<br />
sakuTar imunitets. gamokiTxulebma ver moiyvanes magaliTi<br />
imunitetis CamorTmevisa politikuri mizezebis gamo.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s monacemebis mixedviT<br />
2005 wlidan 27 mosamarTlis mimarT aRiZra sisxlis sa-<br />
98 99
marTlis saqme, aqedan 10 qrTamis aRebis gamo. 2006-2007 wlebSi<br />
11 mosamarTlis mimarT aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme.<br />
(axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, marTlmsajuleba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si gv.19).<br />
faqtori 17. mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobidan<br />
gaTavisufleba da disciplinuri devna<br />
mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobidan gaTavisufleba an sxvagvarad<br />
dasja SesaZlebelia mxolod konkretuli darRvevisTvis<br />
gamWvirvale procesis Sedegad da obieqturi kriteriumebis<br />
safuZvelze.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: uaryofiTi tendencia:<br />
kanonis mixedviT, disciplinuri procesi moicavs damcav<br />
RonisZiebebs mosamarTleTa uflebebis dasacavad. garkveuli<br />
struqturuli cvlilebebi ganxorcielda disci plinur<br />
procesSi, magaliTad rogoricaa iusticiis umaRlesi sab-<br />
Wos da disciplinuri kolegiis Semadgenlobis cvlileba,<br />
aseve iusticiis umaRlesi sabWosTvis mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobidan<br />
ganTavisuflebis uflebamosilebis delegireba,<br />
rac warsulSi mxolod prezidentisTvis rekomendaciis micemiT<br />
Semoifargleboda. praqtikaSi ki disciplinuri procesi<br />
ar aris gamWirvale da zogierTi debuleba aris bundovani<br />
da subieqturi.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
1997 wlidan 2006 wlis dekembramde, konstituciis mixedviT<br />
prezidents hqonda uflebamosileba daeniSna da gaenTavisuflebina<br />
mosamarTleebi Tanamdebobidan. mas Semdeg rac sakonstitucio<br />
cvlilebebi ganxorcielda iusticiis umaRles<br />
sabWos gadaeca raionuli (saqalaqo) da saapelacio mosamarTleebis,<br />
maT Soris am <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Tavmjdomareebis<br />
da palatebis Tavmjdomareebis Tanamdebobaze daniSvnis da<br />
Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebis uflebamosileba. (konsti-<br />
tucia muxli 73 (1) (J); kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxlebi 15.4; 17.1; 20.5-20.6; 53). imave procedurebis<br />
dacviT rac gamoiyeneba saerTo sasamrTloebis mosamarTleebis<br />
mimarT, uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebi, garda uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomarisa, SeiZleba ganTavisufldnen<br />
Tanamdebobidan parlamentis wevrTa xmaTa umravlesobiT<br />
prezidentis rekomendaciis safuZvelze. (organuli kanoni<br />
uzenasi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 23.3). uzenaesi da sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomareebis Tanamdebobidan<br />
gadayenebisaTvis gansxvavebuli procedurebi gamoiyeneba.<br />
(organuli kanoni uzenasi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 23.2;<br />
kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 16).<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa mimarT disciplinuri<br />
devnis da Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebis safuZvlebi<br />
or sxvadasxva kanonSia gawerili. es CamonaTvali zogierT<br />
SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs emTxveva. saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanonSi CamoTvlilia disciplinuri<br />
darRvevebi da is sakiTxebi, romlebic exeba mosamarTlis<br />
kvalifikacias, rac SeiZleba gaxdes Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebis<br />
safuZveli:<br />
• weliwadSi oTx Tveze meti xanis ganmavlobaSi mosamarTlis<br />
uflebamosilebis ganuxorcielebloba;<br />
• disciplinuri gadacdomis Cadena;<br />
• mosamarTlis statusisaTvis SeuTavsebeli Tanamdebobis<br />
dakaveba an SeuTavsebeli saqmianoba;<br />
• <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier qmeduunarod an SezRudulqmedunarianad<br />
aRiareba;<br />
• <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s moqalaqeobis dakargva;<br />
• mosamarTlis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis kanonier<br />
ZalaSi Sesvla;<br />
korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis Cadena "sajaro samsaxur-<br />
Si interesTa SeuTavseblobisa da korufciis" Sesaxeb <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
kanonis me-20 muxlis me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
wesis Sesabamisad.<br />
100 101
• <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> wyobilebis SecvlasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s likvidacia, agreTve mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis<br />
Semcireba;<br />
• sapatio mizezis gareSe, dadgenil vadaSi specialuri<br />
saswavlo kursis gauvleloba;<br />
(ixileT kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb, muxli<br />
54).<br />
meores mxriv, saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri<br />
pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis<br />
Sesaxeb kanonSi CamoTvlilia disciplinuri devnis<br />
safuZvlebi, romelic yuradRebas amaxvilebs eTikur<br />
darRvevebze, kerZod, gansazRvravs disci plinur darRvevas,<br />
romelic aseve Seadgens saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb<br />
kanonSi CamoTvlil gaTavisuflebis pirvel safuZvels:<br />
• kanonis uxeSi darRveva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> uflebamosilebis<br />
ganxorcielebisas, romelic gulisxmobs konstituciis,<br />
saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanonmdeblobiT<br />
gansazRvruli savaldebulo moTxovnebis<br />
darRvevas, romelmac gamoiwvia mxaris interesebis,<br />
mesame pirebis an sazogadoebis kanonieri uflebebis<br />
da interesebis Selaxva;<br />
• korufciuli samarTaldarRveva, an Tanamdebobrivi<br />
mdgomareobis marTlmsajulebis da samsaxurebrivi<br />
interesebis sazianod gamoyeneba;<br />
• mosamarTlis TanamdebobisaTvis, interesebis da movaleobebisaTvis<br />
Seuferebeli saqmianoba;<br />
• mosamarTlisaTvis Seuferebeli qmedeba, romelic<br />
bRalavs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s avtoritets, an zians ayenebs<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sadmi ndobas;<br />
• saqmis ganxilvis usafuZvlo gaWianureba;<br />
• mosamarTlis movaleobebis Seusrulebloba, an arajerovnad<br />
Sesruleba;<br />
• mosamarTleTa TaTbiris Taobaze konfidencialuri<br />
informaciis an profesiuli saidumloebis gamJRavneba;<br />
• disciplinuri uflebamosilebis mqone organoebis<br />
saqminobisTvis xelis SeSla an misdami upativcemuloba;<br />
• "samosamarTlo eTikis normebis darRveva;<br />
• samuSao disciplinis darRveva."<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri<br />
pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb,<br />
muxli 2.2 (miRebuli 2000 wlis 23 Tebervals, [SemdgomSi,<br />
kanoni disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxe]. aseve ixileT<br />
kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 27).<br />
disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb kanonis ganmartebiT<br />
"kanonis uxeS darRvevad" CaiTvleba: iseTi darRveva<br />
romelic arsebiT zians ayenebs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis monawiles,<br />
mesame piris kanonier uflebebs da interesebs an<br />
sajaro interesebs; kanonis araswori ganmarteba, romelsac<br />
safuZvlad udevs mosamarTlis Sinagani rwmena, ar SeiZleba<br />
CaiTvalos disciplinur gadacdomad. (ixileT kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 2.2<br />
SeniSvna 1).<br />
disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis kanonmdeblobaSi 2007<br />
wlis ivlisSi Setanili cvlilebebis mixedviT kanonis<br />
araswori interpretacia mosamarTlis mier ar SeiZleba<br />
CaiTvalos disciplinur darRvevad da ar SeiZleba mosamarTlis<br />
mimarT aRiZras disci plinuri devna. (kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxli<br />
2.3). imisaTvis, rom zustad ganimartos Tu ras niSnavs "kanonis<br />
uxeSi darRveva" cvlilebebidan amoRebulia "kanonis<br />
ganmeorebiTi darRveva" (romelic adre ganmartebiT baraTSi<br />
iyo ganmartebuli, rogorc kanonis uxeSi darRveva<br />
Cadenili samjer an metjer) rogorc disciplinuri gadacdomis<br />
erTerTi forma. es cvlilebebi nawilobriv efuZneba<br />
veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebs, romelmac kanonis es<br />
102 103
debuleba ganixila rogorc mosamarTlis damoukideblobisTvis<br />
safrTxe. 18 aseve ixileT evropuli komisia demokratiisaTvis<br />
(veneciis komisia) mosazreba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanonze<br />
mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri<br />
devnis Sesaxeb.<br />
am safuZvlebTan erTad, sasamrTlos Tavmjdomaris da palatis<br />
Tavmjdomareebis mimarT SeiZleba aRiZras disciplinuri<br />
devna administraciuli funqciebis ver ganxorcielebis<br />
gamo. (kanoni saerTo disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 55)<br />
nebismieri CamoTvlili SemTxveva SeiZleba iqces mosamarTlis<br />
mimarT disciplinuri devnis aRZvris safuZvlad: saCivari<br />
nebismieri pirisgan (garda anonimuri saCivrisa), sxva<br />
mosamarTlis, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s TanamSromlis an iusticiis umaRlesi<br />
sabWos aparatis wevris mier momzadebuli ganmartebi-<br />
Ti baraTi disciplinuri gadacdomis Cadenis Taobaze; ma-<br />
Rali instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetileba romelic<br />
miuTiTebs mosamarTlis mier kanonis uxeS darRvevaze;<br />
prokuroris an gamomZieblis Setyobineba, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetileba<br />
motivirebuli eWvis Taobaze mosamarTlis mier<br />
disciplinuri gadacdenis Cadenis Sesaxeb, disci plinuri<br />
kolegiis gadawyvetileba mosamarTlis mimarT disciplinuri<br />
devnis aRZvris Taobaze axlad gamovlenili garemoebebis<br />
gamo. (kanoni saerTo disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 6.) iusticiis umaRles sabWos SeuZlia<br />
aRZras disciplinuri devna saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis nebis-<br />
18 zogierTi wyaros mixedviT, 2004-2007 wlebSi Tanamdebobidan daTxovnil<br />
iqna 44 mosamarTle muxli 2.2 (a)-s darRvevis gamo, maT<br />
Soris egreT wodebuli "ajanyebuli mosamarTleebi". maTgan 9<br />
mosamarTle iyo uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>dan. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s axalgazrda<br />
iuristTa asociacia, marTlmsajuleba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si 20-21; 42-49.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> ar eTanxmeba am maCveneblebs.<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s monacemebis mixedviT 2004-2007 wlebSi 33<br />
mosamarTle ganTavisuflda Tanamdebobidan muxli 2.2-is safuZvelze<br />
da maTgan mxolod 5 mosamarTle iyo uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>dan.<br />
mieri mosamarTlis mimarT, garda uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomarisa. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa<br />
disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disci plinuri<br />
devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 7.2). uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomares<br />
SeuZlia aRZras disciplinuri devna saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
nebismieri mosamarTlis mimarT. saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomares aqvs ufleba aRZras disciplinuri<br />
devna misi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s nebismieri mosamarTlis an raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mimarT, romelic misi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
teritoriul iurisdiqciaSi Sedis, magram safuZveli<br />
ar SeiZleba iyos kanonis uxeSi darRveva saqmis ganxilvisas.<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri<br />
pasuxismgeblobisa da disci plinuri devnis<br />
Sesaxeb, muxli 7.1 (a)-(b)).<br />
disciplinuri devnis aRZvrisas pirveli qmedeba aris disciplinuri<br />
devnis aRZvraze uflebamosili organos mier<br />
ganxorcielebuli winaswari gamoZieba. 19 (kanoni saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 8.1).<br />
winaswari gamoZieba, rogorc wesi unda dasruldes 2 Tvis<br />
ganmavlobaSi. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTle-<br />
Ta disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri<br />
devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 8.1). amis Semdeg Sesabamisi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomarem, an iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mdivanma<br />
unda gadawyvitos Sewyvitos Tu damatebiTi informacia gamoiTxovos<br />
mosamarTlisgan aRniSnuli darRvevis Taobaze.<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri<br />
pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb,<br />
muxli 9). disci plinuri devnis aRmZvrel organos SeuZlia<br />
19 winaswari gamoZieba ar aris savaldebulo, magram rodesac disciplinuri<br />
devna efuZneba meore mosamarTlis, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s TanamSromlis,<br />
an iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos aparatis wevris axsna<br />
ganmartebiT baraTs, an axlad gamovlenili garemoebebis gamo disci<br />
plinuri devnis aRZvrisas; (saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa<br />
disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri<br />
devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 8.2).<br />
104 105
ganmartebebi miiRos momCivanisgan, gamokiTxos damatebiTi<br />
mowmeebi da miiRos da gaanalizos yvela damatebiTi informacia<br />
im mosamarTlisgan vis mimarTac saCivari iqna Semosuli.<br />
(igive muxli 12.1-12.2). Tu winaswari gamoZieba ver daamtkicebs,<br />
rom mosamarTlem Caidina disciplinuri gadacdoma,<br />
an xandazmulobis vada disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis<br />
dakisrebisTvis gavida, maSin <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare an<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mdivani (imisdamixedviT Tu vin<br />
daiwyo disciplinuri devna) valdebuli iqneba Sewyvitos<br />
disciplinuri devna. (igive muxli 14). Sesabamisi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomare an iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mdivani<br />
moamzadebs rekomendacias iusticiis umaRlesi sabWosTvis<br />
mosamarTleze disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis<br />
Taobaze. 20 (igive muxli 15-16) iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos<br />
mier saqmis ganxilvebs Tavmjdomareobs <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare da disciplinuri kolegiis<br />
wevrebi, romlebmac unda imsjelon disciplinur saqmeze, ar<br />
eswrebian iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos Sexvedrebs, romelzedac<br />
es gadawyvetileba unda iqnas miRebuli. mosamarTle<br />
romlis mimarTac Semovida sarCeli disciplinuri gadacdomis<br />
Cadenis Taobaze da Tavad momCivani SeiZleba dabarebul<br />
iyvnen iusticiis umaRles sabWoSi damatebiTi ganmartebebisaTvis.<br />
(igive muxli 17).<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis disciplinuri kolegia Sedgeba 6<br />
wevrisgan (aqedan 3 unda iyos mosamarTle) da maTi arCeva<br />
xdeba iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mier sakuTari wevrebidan<br />
2 wlis vadiT. disciplinuri kolegia ismens da iRebs gada-<br />
20 Tu Tavmjdomare an iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo miuxedavad disciplinuri<br />
gadacdomis dadgenisa miiRebs gadawyvetilebas disciplinuri<br />
devnis ar aRZvris Sesaxeb, maSin sarekomendacio werili<br />
mosamarTlis mier gadacdomis daSvebis ganmartebiTa da rekomendaciebiT<br />
msgavsi Secdomis momavalSi Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb,<br />
SeiZleba gaegzavnos mosamarTles. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disci plinuri<br />
devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 19). iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos informaciis<br />
mixedviT 2007 wels 36 kerZo sarekomendacio baraTi<br />
gaica.<br />
wyvetilebas disciplinur saqmeze. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxlebi 21; 24.1). mosamar-<br />
Tlem, romelmac Caidina disciplinuri gadacdoma aqvs ufleba<br />
moiTxovos kolegiis wevris diskvalifikacia mikerZoebulobis<br />
safuZvliT. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa<br />
disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disci plinuri<br />
devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 35). disciplinuri saqmis ganxilvisas<br />
sakuTar poziciebs, dokumentacias da sxva informacias<br />
warmoadgenen rogorc saCivris Semtani aseve mosamarTle,<br />
romlis mimarTac disciplinuri gadacdomis Cadenis Taobaze<br />
saCivaria Semosuli (romelsac aqvs ufleba iyolios advokati,<br />
romelsac mosamarTleebi xSirad ar iyeneben), maT aseve<br />
aqvT ufleba dakiTxon mowmeebi da erTmaneTi, agreTve aqvT<br />
ufleba moiTxovon damatebiTi mowmeebis CarTva da damatebi-<br />
Ti dokumentaciis moZieba. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri<br />
devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 39). orive mxaris monawileoba<br />
kolegiis mier saqmis ganxilvisas savaldebuloa, miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom kolegia uflebamosilia miiRos gadawyvetileba<br />
da cnos mosamarTle damnaSaved disciplinuri<br />
gadacdomis CadenaSi da daakisros disciplinuri saxdeli<br />
mosamarTles Tu mosamarTle Tavs aaridebs sapatio mizezis<br />
ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi kolegiis mier saqmis ganxilvaze<br />
daswrebas. (igive muxli 41). mosmenis Semdeg disciplinuri<br />
kolegia uflebamosilia Sewyvitos an SeaCeros disciplinuri<br />
devna, cnos mosamarTle damnaSaved disciplinuri gadacdomis<br />
CadenaSi da daakisros mas disciplinuri saxdeli an<br />
disciplinuri zemoqmedebis sxva RonisZiebebi, miiRos kerZo<br />
SeniSvnis werili an udanaSaulod cnos mosamarTle. 21 (igive<br />
muxlebi 48-53).<br />
21 SeniSvnis kerZo werili SeiZleba gamocemul iqnas umniSvnelo<br />
darRvevisTvis an usafuZvlo motivebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. es<br />
konfidencialuri werili asaxavs disciplinuri kolegiis uaryofiT<br />
damokidebulebas disciplinuri gadacdomis Sesaxeb da iZleva<br />
rekomendaciebs momavalSi msgavsi qmedebis da aseve sxva damatebiTi<br />
problemebis Tavidan acilebis Taobaze samosamarTlo funqciebis<br />
ganxorcielebisas. (muxli 51).<br />
106 107
Tu disci plinuri kolegia gadawyvets, rom mosamarTlem<br />
Caidina disciplinuri gadacdoma raSic mas brali edeboda,<br />
maSin igive kolegias aqvs ufleba danaSaulis simZimidan<br />
da garemoebebidan gamomdinare gamoiyenos an disciplinuri<br />
saxdeli an disciplinuri zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebi mosamarTlis<br />
mimarT. (igive 53-54). aseve ixileT 54 1 (romelic<br />
iZleva detalur wesebs Tu ra saxis saxdelebi SeiZleba<br />
iyos gamoyenebuli TiToeul disciplinur gadacdomaze).<br />
disciplinuri saxdelebia gafrTxileba, SeniSvna, mkacri<br />
SeniSvna, aseve Tanamdebobidan gadayeneba an mosamarTleTa<br />
sarezervo siidan amoSla. (igive muxli 4.1). disciplinuri<br />
zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebia kerZo sarekomendacio baraTi,<br />
an <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomaris, misi moadgilis, an kolegiis<br />
Tavmjdomaris dakavebuli Tanamdebobidan gadayeneba. (igive<br />
muxli 4.2). mxolod erTi disciplinuri saxdeli SieZleba<br />
iqnas gmoyenebuli mosamarTlis mimarT, magram imavdroulad<br />
mosamarTlis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomaris an administraciuli<br />
Tanamdebobidan gadayeneba SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli.<br />
(igive muxli 54.2). Tu mosamarTles adre dakisrebuli<br />
hqonda disciplinuri saxdeli, romelic jer ar aris<br />
gaqarwylebuli, maSin disciplinuri kolegia valdebulia<br />
ufro mkacri saxdeli daakisros mosamarTles. (igive muxli<br />
54.3). mosamarTlis Tanamdebobidan gadayeneba, rogorc<br />
sasjelis erTerTi forma, gamoiyeneba disciplinuri gadacdomis<br />
seriozulobis da raodenobis mixedviT da zogadad<br />
mosamarTlis moraluri reputaciidan gamomdinare da kolegiis<br />
mosazrebis mixedviT ekrZaleba Tu ara mosamarTles samosamarTlo<br />
Tanamdebobis dakaveba. Tu mosamarTles ukve<br />
dakisrebuli aqvs uvado mkacri sayveduri maSin disciplinurma<br />
kolegiam unda ganixilos mosamarTlis Tanamdebobidan<br />
gadayenebis sakiTxi. (igive muxli 56).<br />
mosamarTle, an organo an oficialuri piri, romelmac aRZra<br />
disciplinuri devna aqvs ufleba gaasaCivros disciplinuri<br />
kolegiis gadawyvetileba uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s samwevrian<br />
disciplinur palataSi. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disci plinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 60. organuli<br />
kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 8 1 .1). disciplinuri<br />
sabWo uflebamosilia gadasinjos kolegiis gadawyvetilebis<br />
siswore, faqtebi, kanonebi da dakisrebuli saxdelis<br />
forma. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTle-<br />
Ta disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri<br />
devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 65.1). disciplinuri kolegia ixilavs<br />
saqmes, romelic winaswar miRebul dokumentebs da masalebs<br />
emyareba da sadac orive mxare sakuTar poziciebs warmoadgenen,<br />
SeuZliaT dakiTxon erTmaneTi da aseve gascen pasuxebi<br />
disciplinuri kolegiis wevrebis mier dasmul SekiTxvebs.<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri<br />
pasuxismgeblobisa da disci plinuri devnis<br />
Sesaxeb, muxli 67). saqmis mosmenis Semdeg disci plinuri<br />
kolegia uflebamosilia ar Secvalos, an Secvalos disciplinuri<br />
kolegiis gadawyvetileba an saerTod axali gadawyvetileba<br />
gamoitanos. igive muxlebi 69-72. disciplinuri<br />
sabWos gadawyvetileba miiReba wevrTa xmaTa umravlesobiT,<br />
sabolooa da ar SeiZleba misi gasaCivreba. (kanoni saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 68.4).<br />
saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg, uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomare (Tu saqme exeba uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
mosamarTles), an <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo<br />
(Tu saqme sxva saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTles exeba)<br />
pasuxismgebelia gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebze. (kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 75).<br />
Tu disciplinuri gadawyvetileba exeba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomares,<br />
maSin Tavmjdomaris moadgile da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
disciplinuri kolegiis Tavmjdomare gadascemen sakuTar<br />
gadawyvetilebas aRsrulebisaTvis Sesabamis organos. uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomaris SemTxvevaSi es organo iqneba<br />
uzenaesi sasamrTlos plenumi. yvela sxva danarCeni <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
SemTxvevaSi es pasuxismgebloba akisria iusticiis<br />
umaRles sabWos. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosa-<br />
108 109
marTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri<br />
devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 76).<br />
SeniSvna moqmedebs 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, sayveduri – 9 Tvis<br />
ganmavlobaSi, xolo mkacri sayveduri – 1 wlis ganmavloba-<br />
Si, Tu aRniSnul periodSi mosamarTle ar Caidens kidev<br />
erT disciplinur gadacdomas (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 84.1). mosamarTlis<br />
zemdgom instanciaSi daniSvna an misi dawinaureba SeuZlebelia,<br />
Tu masze dakisrebul saxdels ar gauvida vada, an<br />
iseTi saxdeli aqvs dakisrebuli, romelic ar gaqarwyldeba.<br />
Tu man ganmeorebiT Caidina disciplinuri gadacdoma<br />
mas daekisreba ufro mkacri saxdeli. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxlebi 54.3 da 85).<br />
xsenebuli Sedegebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, mosamarTles<br />
SeuZlia aRiaros darRveva (danaSauli) da miiRos piradi<br />
SeniSvnis werili. aseT SemTxvevaSi, mosamarTle ar eqvemdebareba<br />
disciplinur pasuxismgeblobas. (kanoni saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxlebi 84.2).<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri devnis<br />
zogierTi safuZveli, romelic disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis<br />
Sesaxeb kanonSi aris mocemuli bundovani da subieqturia,<br />
rac xels uwyobs mosamarTlis ganTavisuflebas.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom "saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTle-<br />
Ta disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri devnis<br />
Sesaxeb" kanonis, muxli 2.3-is ganmartebis mixedviT kanonis<br />
araswori interpretacia ar SeiZleba warmoadgendes<br />
kanonis uxeS darRvevas. am gamonaklisis gamoyeneba praqtikaSi<br />
SeiZleba rTuli iyos, vinaidan saWiroa gakeTdes<br />
subieqturi ganmarteba imisa mosamarTlem imoqmeda Tu ara<br />
Sinagani rwmeniT. miuxedavad amisa, muxli 2.2(a) gamoiyeneba<br />
mosamarTleebis mimarT disciplinuri devnis aRZvris an<br />
maTi Tanamdebobidan ganTavisuflebis mizniT daSvebuli<br />
SecdomebisaTvis. meores mxriv sxva respondentebma aRniSnes,<br />
rom disciplinuri devna aRiZvreba mosamarTleze, romelic<br />
amas imsaxurebs da amiT marTlmsajulebis damoukidebloba<br />
ar ilaxeba.<br />
disciplinuri procesis gaumWvirvaloba kvlav problemas<br />
warmoadgens. disciplinuri procesi konfidencialuria<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri<br />
pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb,<br />
muxli 5). disciplinuri kolegiis da disciplinuri sabWos<br />
sxdomebi sazogadoebisaTvis daxurulia. (kanoni (saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 30.4; 65.3).<br />
disciplinur saqmeze TaTbiris procesi konfidencialuria,<br />
aseve disciplinuri kolegiis,a disciplinuri sabWos wevrebi<br />
da disciplinuri devnis aRmZvreli organo an Tanamdebobis<br />
piri valdebulni arian TaTbiris dros gamovlenili<br />
informacia konfidencialurad Seinaxon. (kanoni saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxlebi<br />
30.4; 65.3; 82.1). am infomraciis gamJRavneba warmoadgens disciplinuri<br />
devnis safuZvels. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa<br />
da disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 82.2). disci plinuri<br />
kolegiis an disci plinuri sabWos gadawyvetilebis<br />
mxolod is nawili SeiZleba gaxdes sajaro sadac dasturdeba<br />
disciplinuri saxdelis dakisrebis faqti, magram ar<br />
SeiZleba disciplinuri saxdelis dakisrebis safuZvlebis<br />
gamJRavneba, garda im SemTxvevisa rodesac mosamarTle gaTavisufldeba<br />
samsaxuridan. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da<br />
disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb, muxli 81). mxolod mosamar-<br />
Tles ganumartaven disciplinuri saxdelis an Tanamdebobidan<br />
ganTavisuflebis safuZvlebs. igive muxli 81. konfidencialobis<br />
moTxovna procesis sawyis etapze gamarTlebulia<br />
mosamarTlis reputaciis dasacavad, romelsac ar<br />
Caudenia danaSauli. mas Semdeg, rac mosamarTles daekisra<br />
110 111
disciplinuri saxdeli, konfidencialurobis dacva naklebad<br />
gamarTlebulia, magram miuxedavad amisa konfidencialurobis<br />
dacva saWiroa. am wesis mixedviT sazogadoebisaTvis<br />
disciplinuri procesis Taobaze informacia naklebad xelmisawvdomia.<br />
rogorc qvemoT mocemuli cxrilidan Cans, bolo wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi SedarebiT naklebi disciplinuri saqme iqna<br />
aRZruli da mosamarTleze dakisrebuli saxdeli naklebad<br />
mkacria, vidre es warsulSi iyo. magaliTad, 2007 wels disciplinuri<br />
kolegiis mier ganxiluli 14 saqmidan, erTi saqme<br />
Sewyda disciplinuri kolegiis iniciativiT; ori Sewyda,<br />
vinaidan mosamarTle gadadga Tanamdebobidan; erT mosamar-<br />
Tles ar daekisra saxdeli; orma mosamarTlem miiRo gafrTxileba;<br />
oTxi mosamarTle Tanamdebobidan ganTavisuflda da<br />
oTxi mosamarTle, vinc sarezervo siaSi iyo Caricxuli amoiricxa<br />
am siidan.<br />
disciplinur saqmeTa warmoeba<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa mimarT<br />
2005-2008 wlis 1 ivlisi<br />
wyaro: informacia mowodebulia uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier<br />
zemoT aRwerili disci plinuri warmoebis procedura ar<br />
vrceldeba uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomareze, romlis<br />
Tanamdebobidan ganTavisufleba SeiZleba mxolod impiCmentis<br />
saSualebiT, parlamentis wevrTa umetesobis mier konstituciis<br />
darRvevisaTvis (Tu es damtkicdeba sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier), an saxelmwifo RalatisTvis an<br />
sxva danaSaulis CadenisaTvis (Tu damtkicebulia uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier). (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia muxli 64;<br />
organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli<br />
23.1-23.2; organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 19 (T)).<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebi ar warmoadgenen<br />
disciplinuri devnis obieqts, magram SeiZleba gan-<br />
Tavisufldnen Tanamdebobidan Semdegi safuZvlebiT:<br />
• profesiuli movaleobebis Seusrulebloba 6 Tanmimdevruli<br />
Tvis ganmavlobaSi an mTel weliwad-<br />
Si 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi safuZvliani mizezis gareSe.<br />
• mosamarTlis TanamdebobisaTvis Seuferebeli<br />
saqmianobis ganxorcieleba an sxva iseTi saqmianobis<br />
ganxorcieleba romelic kanoniT aris akrZaluli;<br />
• <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> TaTbiris an mosamarTlis poziciis<br />
gamJRavneba;<br />
• <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s moqalaqeobis dakargva;<br />
• <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier mosamarTlis uunarod cnoba;<br />
• <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s saboloo gadawyvetileba mosamarTlis<br />
damnaSaved cnobis Sesaxeb.<br />
(organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 16.1). <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s plenumis wevrTa xmaTa umravlesobaa<br />
saWiro zemoT CamoTvlili pirveli sami safuZvlisaTvis.<br />
sxva safuZvlebisaTvis ki plenumi unda gaecnos<br />
dokumentacias da Tu isini amtkiceben ganTavisuflebis<br />
safuZvlebs, maSin sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare<br />
gamoscems brZanebas mosamarTlis gaTavisuflebis Taobaze<br />
112 113
(organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 16.2).<br />
faqtori 18. saqmeTa ganawileba<br />
mosamarTleebze saqmeTa ganawileba obieqturi meTodis<br />
saSualebiT xdeba, rogoricaa latarea an maTi specializaciis<br />
mixedviT. saqmeTa CamorTmeva unda moxdes mxolod<br />
seriozuli mizezis safuZvelze, magaliTad rogoricaa<br />
interesTa konfliqti an Zalian didi datvirTva.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: dadebiTi tendencia:<br />
kanonis mixedviT saqmeTa ganawileba xdeba obieqturi meTodis<br />
safuZvelze, maTi specializaciis mixedviT da es wesi<br />
realurad gamoiyeneba. saqmeTa CamorTmeva SeiZleba moxdes<br />
mxolod mosamarTleTa Tanabari datvirTvis uzrunvelsayofad<br />
da gaWianurebis Tavidan asacileblad.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomareebi pasuxismgebelni arian saqmeebi gaanawilon<br />
"kanoniT gansazRvruli wesis mixedviT". (kanoni saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxlebi 17. 3 (g); 22 (v)). raionul<br />
(saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi sadac mxolod ori mosamarTlea<br />
erTerTi mudmivad samoqalaqo saqmeebze muSaobs, meore ki<br />
sisxlis. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxlebi<br />
15. 1 1). iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo pasuxismgebelia gansazRvros<br />
mosamarTlis specializacia da im SemTxvevaSi<br />
Tu raionul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si or mosamarTleze<br />
metia, maSin sabWom SeiZleba TiTo mosamarTles meti specializirebuli<br />
sferoebi dauqvemdebaros. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomares SeuZlia raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
mosamarTles samarTlis sxva specializaciis saqmis ganxilva<br />
daavalos, Tu es saWiro iqneba saqmeTa gaWianurebis<br />
Tavidan asacileblad. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxlebi 15. 1 1 da 15. 1 5). iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo<br />
aseve anawilebs saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTleebs<br />
palatebSi maTi specializaciis mixedviT, am SemTxvevaSic<br />
saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomares SeuZlia mosamar-<br />
Tles sxva specializaciis saqmis ganxilva daavalos gaWianurebis<br />
Tavidan asacileblad. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxlebi 20.2; 20.4).<br />
bevr <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi, maT Soris Tbilisis saapelacio sasamrTloSi,<br />
mosamarTleebze saqmeebis ganawileba xdeba anbanuri<br />
Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT. mosamarTleTa saxelebi<br />
CamoTvlilia anbanuri TanmimdevrobiT da siaSi miTiTebuli<br />
pirveli mosamarTle iRebs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si Semotanil<br />
pirvel saqmes, siiT meore meore saqmes da ase Semdeg. miuxedavad<br />
amisa <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomares SeuZlia mosamar-<br />
Tles sxva saqmis ganxilvac daavalos, Tu amas saWiroeba<br />
moiTxovs da Tu es saWiroa saqmeebis Tanabari ganawilebisaTvis.<br />
(kanoni saqmeTa ganawilebis da mosamarTleTa<br />
uflebamosilebis gansazRvris Taobaze; muxlebi 4; 9 da<br />
13. miRebulia 1998 wlis 26 ivniss). raionul <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>eb-<br />
Si magistrat mosamarTleebs Soris saqmeTa ganawileba igive<br />
princi piT xdeba, garda im SemTxvevebisa roca momCivanis<br />
misamarTi gamoiyeneba imis dasadgenad, Tu romeli magistratis<br />
gansaxilvelia esa Tu is saqme. (kanoni saqmeTa<br />
ganawilebis da mosamarTleTa uflebamosilebis gansazRvris<br />
Taobaze; muxlebi 4..2).<br />
praqtikulad, gamokiTxulTa umetesobam aRniSna, rom saqme-<br />
Ta ganawileba areulad xdeba da zemoT aRniSnuli wesebi<br />
daculia. magram erTma respondetma aRniSna, rom mniSvnelovani<br />
saqmeebi im mosamarTleebze nawildeba, romlebic yofili<br />
prokurorebi arian da gamoxata eWvi, rom im saqmeebis<br />
ganawileba, sadac saxelmwifos interesi arsebobs ar xdeba<br />
areulad.<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare, sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s reglamentis mixedviT mosamarTleTa palatebs<br />
unawilebs im saqmeebs, romelTa ganxilvac plenumis mier ar<br />
114 115
aris savaldebulo. (sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s reglamenti<br />
muxli 27. miRebulia 2002 wlis 19 aprils). am reglamentis<br />
mixedviT mas Semdeg rac sarCeli gaivlis registracias<br />
igi gadaegzavneba Tavmjdomares, romelic saqmes daawers<br />
erTerT palatas. sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tvamjdomare<br />
sakuTar gadawyvetilebas saqmeTa ganawilebis Taobaze<br />
iRebs saqmis Tanabari ganawilebis principis safuZvelze,<br />
TiToeuli palatis datvirTulobis gaTvaliswinebiT da<br />
palatebis mier gansaxilvel saqmeTa kompleqsurobis mixedviT.<br />
(sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s reglamenti muxli 26.3).<br />
faqtori 19. mosamarTleTa asociaciebi<br />
asociacia arsebobs da misi erTaderTi mizania marTlmsajulebis<br />
interesebis dacva, ganmtkiceba da es organizacia<br />
aqtiuria.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosamarTleTa asociacia 1999 wels Seiqmna<br />
imisaTvis, rom mosamarTleTa interesebi yofiliyo daculi<br />
da ganmtkicebuli. mosamarTleTa asociaciis gaaqtiurebis<br />
mizniT sxvadasxva RonisZiebebi tardeba. mosamarTleTa kidev<br />
erTi TviTmmarTveli organo aris mosamarTleTa konferencia,<br />
romelic saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb kanonis mixedviT<br />
Seiqmna.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
konstituciiT garantirebulia asociaciebis Seqmna da maT-<br />
Si gawevrianebis ulfeba. (konstitucia muxli 26.1). mosamarTleebma<br />
1999 wels gamoiyenes es ufleba da Seqmnes<br />
mosamarTleTa nebayoflobiT wevrobaze dafuZnebuli asociacia.<br />
rogorc es organizaciis wesdebaSia aRniSnuli, mosamarTleTa<br />
asociaciis mizania daicvas mosamarTleTa uflebebi,<br />
ganamtkicos maTi uflebamosileba, daicvas maTi materialuri<br />
da socialuri interesebi da Seamciros korufcia<br />
mosamarTleTa Soris. (mosamarTleTa asociaciis wesdeba<br />
muxli 2.1. miRebulia 1999 wels; cvlilebebi Sevida 2007<br />
wels)). Aam organizacias aqvs uflebamosileba - im mosamarTleebs<br />
visac es sWirdeba gauwios finansuri daxmareba,<br />
moawyos seminarebi da sportuli RonisZiebebi mosamarTleebisaTvis<br />
da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s TanamSromlebisaTvis. sawevro<br />
gadasaxadi Seadgens mosamarTlis xelfasis 1%-s, rac ar<br />
aris sakmarisi mosamarTleTa asociaciis sruli dafinansebisaTvis.<br />
organizacia ZiriTad eyrdnoba amerikis iuristTa<br />
asociaciis, euTos da sxva donori organizaciebis dafinasebaze.<br />
mosamarTleTa asociaciis Seqmnis Semdeg mosamarTleTa<br />
interesebis dacvisTvis man arc Tu bevri ram gaakeTa, gansakuTrebiT<br />
ki <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Ta reorganizaciis adreul etapze.<br />
2005 wlisaTvis mosamarTleTa asociacia pasiur organizaciad<br />
iqca da igi Tavis sawevro finansebs ZiriTadad iyenebda<br />
mosamarTleebis da maTi ojaxebis finansuri daxmarebisTvis<br />
da ara treningebis an sxva aqtivobebis organizebisaTvis.<br />
2007 wlis martSi axali xelmZRvanelobis arCevis<br />
da organizaciis wesdebaSi cvlilebebis Setanis Semdeg<br />
organizaciis gaaqtiurebis mizniT sxvadasxva aqtivobebi<br />
daigegma. 2007 wels organizaciam ganaaxla Jurnalis gamocema,<br />
romelic SeCerebuli iyo usaxsrobis gamo. 2008 wlis<br />
mdgomareobiT mosamarTleTa asociaciaSi daaxloebiT 300mde<br />
wevri iyo da am organizaciis wevrebi mosamarTleTa<br />
umetesoba arian. miuxedavad yvelafrisa organizaciam mosamarTleTa<br />
uflebebis dacviT saqmianoba mainc ar gaaqtiura.<br />
mosamarTleTa kidev erTi gaerTianeba aris mosamarTleTa<br />
konferencia, romelic aris TviTmmarTveli organizacia da<br />
misi wevrebi arian uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s, saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
da raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleebi.<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli<br />
77.1). am organizaciis mizania daicvas da ganamtkicos<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s damoukidebloba, gazardos sazogadoebis ndoba<br />
116 117
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mimarT da ganamtkicos marTlmsajulebis<br />
uflebamosileba. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 77.2). am organizaciis mmarTvel organoebs warmoadgens<br />
administraciuli komiteti da sakoordinacio sabWo.<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxlebi 78.2 (a);<br />
79 (a)-(b)). mosamarTleTa konferencia ismens mosamarTleTa<br />
konferenciis Tavmjdomaris, sakoordinacio sabWos Tavmjdomaris<br />
da saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamentis wliur<br />
angariSebs sakuTari saqmianobis Sesaxeb, amtkicebs mosamarTleTa<br />
konferenciis reglaments da aseve axorcielebs<br />
kanoniT dadgenil sxva uflebamosilebebs. (kanoni saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli 79 (g)-(v)) amasTanave, igi<br />
aseve irCevs iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mdivans da am organos<br />
mosamarTle wevrebs (uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s wardginebis<br />
safuZvelze), amtkicebs samosamarTlo eTikis wesebs<br />
(iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos rekomendaciiT). (igive muxlebi<br />
79 (b); 79 (b 1 ) da 79 (z)). <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosamarTleTa konferencia<br />
damoukidebelia, rogorc aRmasarulebeli aseve sakanonmdeblo<br />
xelisuflebisagan da finansdeba saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
biujetidan. mosamarTleTa konferenciam miiRo<br />
reglamenti 2005 wels da amis Semdeg organizacia yovelwliurad<br />
ikribeba,. Sexvedrebi Sedga 2006 da 2007 wlis oqtomberSi,<br />
sadac miRebuli iyo mosamarTleTa eTikis wesebi.<br />
mosamarTleTa konferenciis dafinansebiT ar Catarebula<br />
mosamarTleTa treningi, da aseve es organizacia ar gamoscmes<br />
arc Jurnals da arc sainfomracio biuletens.<br />
V. angariSgeba da gamWvirvaloba<br />
faqtori 20. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebi da zewola<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebi miiReba mxolod faqtebisa<br />
da kanonis safuZvelze da ar eqvemdebareba zewolas zemdgomi<br />
mosamarTleebis mxridan (mag. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare)<br />
da ar iTvaliswinebs kerZo an mTavrobis interesebs.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: uaryofiTi tendencia:<br />
samoqalaqo saqmeebze aRmasarulebeli xelisuflebis zewola<br />
naklebad xorcieldeba. korufcia sagrZnoblad Semcirda,<br />
magram saproceso SeTanxmebis miRebiT sxvadasxva<br />
formis korufciuli qmedebebi dainerga. amasTanave, sisxlis<br />
da administraciul saqmeebze aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis<br />
da prokuraturis gavlena mainc arsebobs.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
miuxedavad konstituciuri da sxva samarTlebrivi garantiebisa,<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisuflebis damoukideblobisa, prokuraturis<br />
da aRmasrulebeli xelisulflebis zewola <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ze<br />
jer kidev warmoadgens problematur sakiTxs<br />
marTlmsajulebisaTvis. kanonis mixedviT, "mosamarTle<br />
damoukidebeli unda iyos saqmianobisas da unda eqvemdebarebodes<br />
mxolod konstitucias da kanons. mosamarTleze<br />
raime formis zewola, an mis samqianobaSi raime formiT<br />
Careva imisaTvis, rom gavlena moxdes mis gadawyveylebaze<br />
akrZalulia da isjeba kanoniT". (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia,<br />
muxli 84.1; agreTve ixileT kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb, muxlebi 7.1, 8; organuli kanoni uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb, muxli 3.1; organuli kanoni sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb, muxli 4.1; samoqalaqo<br />
saproceso kodeqsi muxli 6.1; sisxlis samarTlis saproceso<br />
kodeqsi muxli 8). amasTanave <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisufleba<br />
damoukidebelia xelisuflebis sxva Stoebisgan da<br />
marTlmsajulebas SeiZleba mxolod <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi axorcielebdnen.<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb, muxli<br />
1.1). samosamarTlo eTikis wesebi mouwodebs mosamarTleebs,<br />
rom "maTi azri ar unda meryeobdes politikuri, socialuri,<br />
mxaris interesis, sazogadoebrivi zemoqmedebis an sxvagvari<br />
urTierTobis zegavlenis gamo, anda kritikis SiSiT." (samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis wesebi muxli 2).<br />
118 119
mosamarTleebi valdebulni arian Tavidan aicilon mxareebTan<br />
Sexvedrebi da maTTan raime saxis komunikacia im saqmeebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT romelsac isini ixilaven, an im pirebTan urTierToba,<br />
romlebic dainteresebulni arian im saqmis SedegebiT,<br />
romelsac mosamarTle ixilavs. (samosamarTlo eTikis<br />
wesebi muxli 7). imisaTvis, rom aRmofxvriliyo "satelefono<br />
marTlmsajuleba" 22 da ganmtkicebuliyo mosamarTlis<br />
damoukidebloba, parlamentma miiRo kanoni 2007 wels, romelic<br />
krZalavs calmxriv urTierTobebs romelic "laxavs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
damoukideblobis, miukerZoeblobis da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
procesis SejibrebiTobis princi ps". (kanoni saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleebTan komunikaciis Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 3.1. miRebulia 2007 wlis 11 ivliss). mosamarTle,<br />
romelTanac aseTi urTierTobebis damyarebas Seecdebian,<br />
valdebulia werilobiT acnobos sakuTari <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s (an<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s TavmjdomaresTan komunikaciis damyarebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi ufro maRali instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomares)<br />
Tavmjdomares. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleebTan komunikaciis Sesaxeb muxli 4.1). aseTi<br />
urTierTobebis ar gamJRavnebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios mosamarTlis<br />
disciplinuri devna. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleebTan komunikaciis Sesaxeb muxli 4.3).<br />
Tu akrZaluli urTierTobis iniciatori aris mxare, dainteresebuli<br />
piri, an sajaro moxele, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> Tavmjdomares<br />
SeuZlia daawesos jarima an iusticiis umaRles sabWos<br />
mosTxovos disciplinuri saxdelis dadeba. (kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleebTan komunikaciis Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 4.2). Tu akrZaluli urTierTobis iniciatori aris<br />
prokurori, advokati, gamomZiebeli, an sajaro moxele, maSin<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mdivani valdebulia amis Taobaze<br />
Seatyobinos generalur prokurors, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s advokat-<br />
Ta asociaciis Tavmjdomares an sxva Sesabamis Tanamdebobis<br />
pirs reagirebisaTvis. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>eb-<br />
22 "satelefono marTlmsajuleba" exeba saxelmwifo struqtureb-<br />
Si miRebul praqtikas, rodesac isini ukavSirdebian mosamarTles<br />
da karnaxoben ra gadawyvetileba unda gamoitanon ama Tu im saqmeze.<br />
is mosamarTleebTan komunikaciis Sesaxeb muxli 11.1-11.4).<br />
amis Semdeg generaluri prokurori, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s advokat-<br />
Ta asociaciis Tavmjdomare an sxva Tanamdebobis piri valdebulia<br />
gamoikvlios saCivari, miawodos pasuxi iusticiis<br />
umaRles sabWos da Seatyobinos ganxorcielebuli disciplinuri<br />
RonisZiebebis Taobaze. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleebTan komunikaciis Sesaxeb muxli 11.5).<br />
iusticiis umaRles sabWos aqvs ufleba gaasaCivros disciplinuri<br />
saxdelis dakisrebaze uari. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
mosamarTleebTan komunikaciis Sesaxeb muxli<br />
11.6). ase rom, Tu prokurors surs miTiTebebi misces<br />
mosamarTles, rogor gadawyvitos saqme, komunikaciis damyarebisaTvis<br />
saxdelis dadeba damokidebuli iqneba mosamarTlis<br />
mzaobaze ganacxados calmxrivi urTierTobis<br />
Taobaze, aseve <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomaris mzaobaze, amis<br />
Sesaxeb Seatyobinos generalur prokurors da bolos generaluri<br />
prokuroris gadawyvetilebaze dasajos Tu ara<br />
prokurori aseTi qmedebisaTvis, da Tu dasjis maSin ramdenad<br />
mkacri iqneba sasjeli. uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s informaciiT<br />
am kanonis miRebis Semdeg mosamarTlesTan calmxrivi<br />
urTierTobis damyarebis mcdelobis 4 SemTxveva dafiqsirda.<br />
Sefasebis jgufis mier gamokiTxulma respondentebma<br />
isaubres am kanonis gavlenaze. maT ar aRniSnes Tu ra gavlenas<br />
iqoniebs es kanoni prokurorebze, aramed isaubres im<br />
gavlenaze rac kanons eqneba adgilobriv organoebze, romlebic<br />
naklebad iyvnen dakavebulni <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> saqmeebze<br />
zewoliT.<br />
kanoni interesTa konfliqtis da sajaro samsaxurSi korufciis<br />
Sesaxeb krZalavs korufcias da adgens, rom Tanamdebobis<br />
piri (termini, romelic mosamarTlesac moicavs),<br />
romelic valdebulia miiRos gadawyvetilebebi ufasod, ar<br />
unda iRebdes an iTxovdes raime saxis anazRaurebas aseTi<br />
momsaxurebis gawevisTvis. (kanoni interesTa konfliqtis<br />
Sesaxeb, muxlebi 2, 9.1. miRebulia 1998 wlis, 17 oqtomberi).<br />
sxva Tanamdebobis pirebis msgavsad, mosamarTleebma unda<br />
Seavson qonebrivi deklaracia daniSvnidan 1 Tvis vadaSi da<br />
120 121
SemdgomSi wliuri qonebrivi da finansuri deklaracia. (kanoni<br />
interesTa konfliqtis Sesaxeb, muxli 14).<br />
gamokiTxulTa azriT, korufcia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisufleba-<br />
Si Zalian iSviaTi movlenaa. amis mizezad ki nawilobriv<br />
miaCniaT gazrdili mosamarTlis xelfasi, aseve xelisuflebis<br />
mcdelobebi aRmofxvran korufcia, ramac gamoiwvia im mosamarTleTa<br />
Tanamdebobidan gaTavisufleba da sisxlis samarTlis<br />
pasuxisgebaSi micema, vinc iyvnen CarTulni korufciaSi.<br />
23 marTlac, bolo peirodSi Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT<br />
2007 wlis seqtembramde 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi gamokiTxuli<br />
respondentebis 97%-ma aRniSna, rom maT ar gadauxdiaT<br />
qrTami garkveuli momsaxurebis an gadawyvetilebis misaRebad<br />
da mxolod 1%-ma ganacxada, rom maT aqvT gadaxdili<br />
qrTami. (ixileT amomrCevelTa gamokiTxvis kvleva. saer-<br />
TaSoriso respublikuri instituti (IRI) xelmisawvdomia<br />
veb gverdze http://www.iri.org/eurasia/georgia/pdfs/2007-05-09-<strong>Georgia</strong>-poll3.pdf<br />
).<br />
im mosamarTleebma, vinc am angariSis miznebisaTvis gamoikiTxa,<br />
erTxmad uaryves rom maT ar hqoniaT SemTxveva maT<br />
gadawyvetilebaze zemoqmedebisa arc prokuroris, arc aRmasrulebeli<br />
xelisuflebis da arc adgilobrivi mmarTvelobebis<br />
mxridan. erTerTma gamokiTxulma aRniSna, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
xelisufleba "absoluturad damoukidebelia". mosamarTleTa<br />
damoukideblobis damadasturebel safuZvlad<br />
miiCneven saqmeebis daaxloebiT 40%-s, sadac prokuraturis<br />
moTxovnebi ar aris dakmayofilebuli. problemis<br />
warmoqmnis mizezad aRiniSna, rom saWiroa sazogadoebis<br />
darwmuneba mosamarTleTa damoukideblobaSi. zogierT mosamarTles<br />
miaCnia, rom sazogadoebis damokidebuleba momdinareobs<br />
opoziciis im warmomadgenelTa gancxadebebidan,<br />
romlebic akritikeben xelisuflebis sasargeblod miRebul<br />
23 es miRweva warmoadgens kidev erT magaliTs aRmasrulebeli<br />
xelisuflebis Zalauflebisa, vinaidan korufciis Semcireba iyo<br />
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis iniciativa, romelic marTlmsajulebazec<br />
ganxorcielda.<br />
gadawyvetilebebs da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s sdeben brals korufcia-<br />
Si da damoukideblobis arqonaSi. aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba<br />
aseve xedavs sazogadoebis marTlmsajulebis damoukideblobaSi<br />
darwmunebis saWiroebas. Aam miznis misaRwevad<br />
prezidentma da ministrebma ramodenimejer mimarTes evrokav-<br />
Sirs gamoagzavnon evropeli mosamarTleebi, raTa maT qarTvel<br />
kolegebTan erTad ganixilon saqmeebi da miiRon gadawyvetilebebi,<br />
riTac marTlmsajulebis mimarT rwmena kidev<br />
ufro ganmtkicdeba. mosamarTleebs ar gamouTqvamT ukmayofileba<br />
am mosazrebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic aRmasrulebeli<br />
xelisuflebis iniciativaa, da gamokiTxulTa<br />
azriT es dumili aRmasrulebel xelisulflebaze damokidebulebis<br />
maCvenebelia.<br />
marTalia rom sazogadoebas dabali warmodgena aqvs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
xelisuflebaze. zemoT ganxiluli amomrCevelTa<br />
gamokiTxis mixedviT, respondentTa 22% kmayofilia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
muSaobiT, 67% ki ukmayofiloa. 24 (amomrCevelTa<br />
gamokiTxvis kvleva. saerTaSoriso respublikuri instituti<br />
(IRI)). saerTaSoriso gamWirvalobam 2008 wlis 25 martidan<br />
2 aprilamde Caatara sazogadoebrivi azris kvleva<br />
"saxelmiwfo instituebis mimarT rwmenis Taobaze". am kvlevis<br />
mixedviT gamovlinda, rom sazogadoebas yvelaze naklebad<br />
swams <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisflebis da gamokiTxulTa 36.7%ma<br />
aRniSna, rom isini saerTod ar endobian <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
xelisflebas. (saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
sazogadoebrivi azris kvleva; 2008 wlis 20 maisi. xelmisawvdomia<br />
veb gverdze: http://www.transparency.ge/<br />
index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=210&info_id=412<br />
24 unda aRiniSnos rom kvlevis meTodologiaSi ar iyo miTiTebuli<br />
gansxvaveba saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebsa da sakonstitucio sasamrTlos<br />
Soris; am dokumentisaTvis gamokiTxulma respondentTa<br />
umetesobam miiCnia sakonstitucio sasamrTlo damoukidebel <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>d<br />
da ganacxada rom misi gadawyvetilebebis aRsruleba<br />
xdeba.<br />
122 123
miuxedavad negatiuri damokidebulebisa sazogadoebis mxridan<br />
marTlmsajulebis mimarT bevrma gamokiTxulma aRniSna,<br />
rom mosamarTleebi zogadad arian damoukidebelni samoqalqo<br />
saqmeebis gadawyvetisas, magram isini jer kidev warmoadgenen<br />
zewolis obieqts administraciul saqmeebze, saxelmwifo<br />
interesebis gamo da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze,<br />
rodesac damoukidebloba gamonaklisia da ara wesi. zogierTma<br />
gamokiTxulma aseve aRniSnes, rom sisxlis samarTlis<br />
gaidlainebma kidev ufro gazardes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
damoukidebloba. (axlad miRebul sisxlis samarTlis gaidlainebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT ixileT faqtori 8). vinaidan mosamarTles<br />
aqvs naklebi lavirebis saSualeba am gaidlainebis<br />
mixedviT, prokurorebs da sxvebs aqvT naklebi survili<br />
zegavlena moaxdinon mosamarTleze, radgan maT ukve winaswar<br />
ician ra saxis gadawyvetileb iqneba gamotanili mosamarTlis<br />
mier. miuxedavad amisa, bevrma gamokiTxulma pirma aRni-<br />
Sna, rom prokurorebi mainc iyeneben mniSvnelovan zewolas<br />
mosamarTleebze. erTerTma respondentma isic ki aRniSna,<br />
rom mosamarTleebi sisxlis samarTlis braldebuls iWeren<br />
miuxedavad saqmeze prokuroris cudad momzadebisa. rac<br />
Seexeba patimrobas, erTerTma gamokiTxulma Tqva, rom Tu<br />
braldebis mxare moiTxovs patimrobis 10 wels mosamarTle<br />
rogorc wesi 8 an 9 wels miusjis. 25 erTerTma gamokiTxulma<br />
isic aRniSna, rom mosamarTlis funqcia aris braldebis<br />
mxaris moTxovnis dokumenturad gaformeba. gamokiTxulebma<br />
aseve miuTiTes udanaSaulod cnobis gadawyvetilebebis<br />
Zalian dabal maCvenebelze da es garemoeba moiyvanes mtkicebulebad<br />
prokuraturis gavlenisa sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saqmeebze. uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s monacemebis mixedviT 18373<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saqmidan, romelic 2007 wels iqna ganxiluli,<br />
95.4% (15 526) dasrulda gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT.<br />
faqtiurad, zogierTma mosamarTlem aRiara, rom sisxlis<br />
samarTlis saqmeebze mosamarTleebma kargad ician Tu isini<br />
25 gamokiTxulebma Tqves, rom aseTi gadawyvetileba miiCneva, rogorc<br />
braldebis mxarisTvis uaris Tqma, rac aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisuflebis statistikuri monacemebis<br />
gacnobisas.<br />
gaamarTleben braldebuls, prokurori SeiZleba daisajos<br />
an dakargos samsaxuri.<br />
saxalxo damcvelis informaciiT, prokuratura gaxda "aRmasrulebeli<br />
damsjeli saSualeba, romelic asrulebs xelisuflebis<br />
politikur gadawyvetilebebs da nawilobriv<br />
mTlianad marTavs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs". (adamianis uflebaTa<br />
darRvevebis anatomia) prokuroris Zalauflebis erTerTi<br />
sazomi aris maTi unari gadawyviton saqmeebi "saproceso<br />
garigebiT."es garigebebi sakmaod xSiria da rogorc wesi<br />
maTze SeTanxmeba xdeba braldebulis advokatis gareSe. ar<br />
aris aucilebeli braldebulisaTvis aRiaros danaSauli,<br />
sakmarisia man gadaixados Tanxa imisaTvis rom braldeba<br />
moexsnas. xandaxan saproceso SeTanxmebas win uswrebs<br />
winaswari patimroba (advokatTan konsultaciis gareSe), rac<br />
warmoadgens erTgvar biZgs braldebulisaTvis gaaformos<br />
saproceso SeTanxmeba. gamokiTxulebma am praqtikas uwodes<br />
dakanonebuli meqrTameoba da daaxasiaTes mosamarTleebi,<br />
romlebic am procesSi iReben monawileobas rogorc notariusebi.<br />
aseve ixileT, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iuridiuli profesiis<br />
<strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>, 2007; advokatebis mosazrebasTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT saproceso garigebis Taobaze.<br />
gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes, rom miuxedavad aRmasrulebeli<br />
xelisuflebis survilisa hyavdes damoukidebeli marTlmsajuleba,<br />
es abstraqtuli survili xSirad gadaifareba imis<br />
SiSiT, rom erT dRes mosamarTleebma SeiZleba daiwyon saxelmwifos<br />
winaaRmdeg gadawyvetilebebis gamotana. amis gamo<br />
xelisulfeba mudam akontrolebs mosamarTleebs. magali-<br />
Tad, gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes xSiri SemTxevebi, rodesac<br />
braldebul pirovnebaze Tavad prezidents da aseve xelisuflebis<br />
sxva warmomadgenlebs sajarod uTqvamT, rom saWiroa<br />
braldebulis dasja vinaidan isini damnaSaveebi arian da<br />
amisaTvis unda agon pasuxi. aseTi gancxadebebi arRvevs<br />
udanaSaulobis prezumciis princips, rac konstituciiT aris<br />
garantirebuli. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucia muxli 40.1).<br />
zogierTma respondentma aRniSna satelefono marTlmsaju-<br />
124 125
lebis jer kidev arsebobis Sesaxeb, sxvebma ki Tqves rom es<br />
ar aris saWiro, vinaidan mosamarTleebma Tavad ician Tu<br />
ras moelian maTgan. erTerTma gamokiTxulma amis Sesaxeb<br />
Tqva "sabWoTa mentaliteti jer kidev arsebobs". saarCevno<br />
davebi politikuri zewolis sagani xdeba mudam.<br />
2005 wels dawyebuli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis reorganizaciis procesi<br />
gavlenas axdens marTlmsajulebaze. (ixileT <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
refromis <strong>indeqsi</strong>, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>, 2005). erTerTma respondentma<br />
Tqva, rom sandooba iyo mTavari kriteriumi mosamarTleTa<br />
SerCevisaTvis, maTi reorganizebul <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>eb-<br />
Si daniSvnisaTvis da sarezervo siaSi ar CasmisTvis. kidev<br />
erTma gamokiTxulma, romelmac axsena mosamarTleebis "masobrivi<br />
daTxovnebi" 2005 wels aRniSna, rom axlad daniSnuli<br />
mosamarTleebi iyvnen axalgazrdebi, 26 xelisuflebis<br />
mimarT loialurad ganwyobilni da ar sWirdebaT imis Sexseneba,<br />
rom xelisuflebis sasargeblod unda miiRon gadawyvetilebebi.<br />
erTerTma gamokiTxulma Tqva, rom isini vinc<br />
ganTavisufldnen mosamarTlis Tanamdebobidan iyvnen cnobili<br />
korumpirebulni. magram amave dros meore respondentma<br />
aRniSna, rom damoukidebeli mosamarTleebi gaaTavisufles<br />
Tanamdebobidan. vinaidan es procesi ar aris gamWvirvale,<br />
samsaxuridan daTxovnis motivebi gaugebaria.<br />
faqtori 21. eTikis kodeqsi<br />
mosamarTleTa eTikis kodeqsi miRebulia da misi mizania<br />
daareguliros iseTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi, rogoricaa<br />
interesTa konfliqti, calmxrivi komunikacia da Seusabamo<br />
politikuri saqmianobis sakiTxebis mogvareba, xolo<br />
26 statistika amyarebs am gancxadebas 2004-2005 wlebSi daniSnuli<br />
62 mosamarTlidan 33 (53%) iyvnen 31dan-35 wlamde; 27 (44%) iyvnen<br />
36dan-50 wlamde; da 2 (3%) iyvnen 51-dan 65 wlamde. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia marTlmsajuleba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>-<br />
Si) amis sawinaaRmdegod 2006-2007 wlebSi daniSnuli 56 mosamarTlidan<br />
16 (29%) iyvnen 28-dan 30 wlamde; 32 (57%) iyvnen 31-dan 35<br />
wlamde; 8 (14%) iyvnen 36 dan 50 wlamde. (iqve).<br />
mosamarTleebi valdebulni arian gaiaron treningi eTikis<br />
kodeqsis Sesaxeb Tanamdebobaze daniSvnamde da daniSvnis<br />
Semdeg.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
2007 wlis oqtomberSi, mosamarTleTa konferenciam miiRo<br />
mosamarTleTa eTikis wesebi, romelmac Secvala 2001 wels<br />
miRebuli eTikis kodeqsi. calmxrivi urTierTobebis Sesaxeb<br />
miRebul kanonTan erTad, mosamarTleTa eTikis wesebi<br />
aregulirebs mniSvnelovan eTikur sakiTxebs, romlebic<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosamarTleTaTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia. iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi skola atarebs treningebs samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis wesebze rogorc moqmedi mosamarTleebisaTvis aseve<br />
momavali mosamarTleobis knadidatebisaTvis. miuxedavad amisa,<br />
respondentebi skeptikurad iyvnen ganwyobilni imasTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT Tu ra doneze moaxerxebs eTikis wesebi da calmxrivi<br />
urTierTobebis Sesaxeb kanoni mosamarTleTa qcevis daregulirebas.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
mosamarTleTa konferenciam miiRo samosamarTlo eTikis<br />
wesebi 2007 wlis 20 oqtombers, romelmac Secvala 2001 wels<br />
miRebuli mosamarTleTa eTikis kodeqsi. rogorc misi<br />
winamorbedi es axali wesebi orientirebulia "marTlmsajulebis<br />
damoukideblobis, miukerZoeblobis da marTmsajulebis<br />
erTianobis ganmtkicebaze, marTmlsajulebis mimarT<br />
sazogadoebrivi ndobis da rwmenis amaRlebaze, mosamarTlis<br />
Tanamdebobis prestiJisa da avtoritetis amaRlebaze".<br />
(samosamarTlo eTikis wesebi preambula). kanoni<br />
disciplinuri devnis Sesaxeb ganmartavs eTikis wesebis<br />
darRvevas, rogorc disciplinur darRvevas. (kanoni disciplinuri<br />
pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb muxli 2(2) (i)). samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis wesebis darRvevisTvis sanqciebi SeiZleba<br />
iyos gafrTxileba, SeniSvna, mkacri SeniSvna, mosamarTlis<br />
Tanamdebobidan gadayeneba an sarezervo siidan amoSla. igive<br />
muxli 54 1 (d).<br />
126 127
mosamarTleTa eTikis wesebi Sedgeba 28 mokle muxlisgan<br />
da exeba iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, rogoricaa mosamarTlis<br />
miukerZoebloba da damoukidebloba (samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis wesebi muxlebi 1-7), mosamarTlis kompetenturoba da<br />
samuSaosTvis Tavdadeba (igive muxlebi 8-14), <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sa<br />
da medias Soris urTierToba (igive muxlebi 15-21), ara samosamarTlo<br />
saqmianoba (igive muxlebi 22-28). amasTanave, mosamarTleebma<br />
Tavi unda Seikavon negatiuri azris gamoTqmisagan<br />
sakuTari kolegebis an sxva mosamarTleebis profesiuli<br />
da piradi Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. (samosamarTlo eTikis<br />
wesebi muxli 6). samosamarTlo eTikis wesebi konkretulad<br />
krZalavs calmxriv urTierTobebs da avaldebulebs mosamarTles,<br />
rom Seatyobinos <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomares werilobiT<br />
masTan mimdinare saqmesTan dakavSirebiT nebimieri<br />
urTierTobis damyarebis mcdelobis Sesaxeb. (samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis wesebi muxli 7). amasTanave, wesebi ukrZalavs<br />
mosamarTles politikur partiaSi gawevrianebas an nebismieri<br />
saxis politikur aqtivobaSi monawileobas. (samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis wesebi muxlebi 26, 27; aseve ixileT konstitucia<br />
muxlebi 265; 6.3; kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 5.1; kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 20.4; kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 17)).<br />
mosamarTleTa eTikis wesebi ar exeba konkretulad interesTa<br />
konfliqtis sakiTxs; piriqiT es dokumenti mouwodebs<br />
mosamarTleebs iyvnen damoukidebelni, miukerZoebelni da<br />
Tavisufalni winaswari mosazrebis an mikerZoebisgan. (samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis wesebi muxlebi 1-3; 5; 10). detaluri<br />
miTiTebebi interesTa konfliqtis Sesaxeb mocemulia Sesabamis<br />
saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi. konkretulad ki, mosamarTle<br />
valdebulia aicilos saqmis ganxilva Tu igi warmoadgens<br />
mxares, aqvs saerTo uflebebi an valdebulebebi<br />
erTerT mxaresTan, igi am saqmeze ukve moqmedebda mosamarTlis<br />
rangSi romelime instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si an sxva raime<br />
formiT aris dakavSirebli am saqmesTan, an mxareebi misi<br />
axlo naTesavebi arian, an mosamarTle pirdapir Tu iribad<br />
daintersebulia saqmis SedegiT, an Tu arsebobs sxva raime<br />
garemoeba, romelic iwvevs mosamarTlis miukerZoeblobaze<br />
SekiTxvebs. (samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi muxli 29, 31;<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi muxli 105; organuli<br />
kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli<br />
46).<br />
mosamarTleebs aqvT SesaZlebloba gaiaron treningi mosamarTleTa<br />
eTikis wesebze. iusticiis umaRles skolaSi Seqmnili<br />
14 Tviani saswavlo programa mosamarTleobis kandidatebisaTvis<br />
iTvalisiwinebs savaldebulo kurss mosamarTleTa<br />
eTikis sakiTxebze, romelic 2 srul saswavlo<br />
dRes moicavs. amasTanave, mosamarTleTa eTikis saswavlo<br />
kursi Sedis mosamarTleTa gangrZobadi swavlebis programaSi,<br />
romelsac iusticiis umaRlesi skola axorcielebs<br />
moqmedi mosamarTleebisaTvis. magram es ar aris calke<br />
damoukidebeli kursi aramed gaerTianebulia sxva Tematur<br />
treningebSi. amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis<br />
iniciativasa da iusticiis umaRles skolas Soris<br />
gaformebulia urTierTSeTanxmebis memorandumi, romlis<br />
mixedviTac moqmedi mosamarTlebisaTvis imarTeba 2 saaTiani<br />
saswavlo kursi eTikis sakiTxebze yvela im treningis dros,<br />
romelsac atarebs germanuli teqnikuri daxmarebis programa<br />
(GTZ). iusticiis umRlesma skolam amerikis iuristTa<br />
asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativasTan da <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sTan TanamSromlobiT SeimuSava<br />
eTikis saswavlo programa, rogorc mosamarTleobis kandidatebisaTvis<br />
aseve moqmedi mosamarTleebisaTvis. trenerTa<br />
treningi Catarda 2008 wlis martSi.<br />
amerikis iuristTa asociaciam kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativam<br />
aseve moamzada da gamosca "samosamarTlo eTikis saer-<br />
TaSoriso standartebi", romelic moicavs Semdeg dokumentebs<br />
qarTul enaze: marTlmsajulebis damoukideblobis saer-<br />
TaSoriso standartebi; mosamarTleTa statutis evropuli<br />
qartia, evro sabWos rekomendacia (94) 12 mosamarTleTa<br />
damoukideblobis, efeqturobis da maTi rolis Sesaxeb; sa-<br />
128 129
mosamarTlo qcevis bangaloris princi pebi; mosamarTleTa<br />
universaluri qartia; evropis mosamarTleTa sakonsultacio<br />
sabWos gadawyvetilebebi 1-3.<br />
amerikis iuristTa asociaciis finansuri daxmarebiT momzadda<br />
da gamoica komentarebi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosamarTleTa<br />
eTikis wesebze da xelmisawvdomia yvela mosamarTlisaTvis<br />
vinc ki eTikis treningebs eswreba.<br />
Tu ramdenad efeqturia eTikis wesebi praqtikaSi es jer<br />
bundovania. gangrZobadi iuridiuli swavleba mosamarTleebisaTvis<br />
ar aris savaldebulo, miuxedavad imisa, rom mosamarTleTa<br />
kandidatebi gadian trenings mosamarTleTa eTikis<br />
sakiTxebze iusticiis umaRles skolaSi, jer pirvel jgufs<br />
am angariSis momzadebis periodSi ar hqonda damTvarebuli<br />
swavlebis sruli kursi. respondentebi skeptikurad iyvnen<br />
ganwyobilni imasTan dakavSirebiT Tu ra gavlenas iqoniebs<br />
eTikis wesebi mosamarTleTa qcevaze. zogierTma respondentma<br />
gamoTqva mosazreba, rom miuxedavad mosamarTleebisaTvis<br />
Seqmnili qcevis wesebisa maTi qceva ZiriTadad damokidebulia<br />
maT pirad Tvisebebze. zogierTma respondentma ganacxada,<br />
rom mniSvnelovania calmxrivi urTierTobebis Sesaxeb<br />
kanonis miReba magram isini skeptikurad uyureben imas, Tu<br />
ramdenad SeZlebs es kanoni aseTi urTierTobebis aRmofxvras.<br />
amis mizezad ki maT sazogadoebaSi arsebuli piradi<br />
urTierTobebi daasaxeles da aRniSnes, rom xalxi yovelTvis<br />
ipovis gzas daamyaros kontaqti mosamarTlesTan.<br />
faqtori 22. mosamarTleTa qcevis Sesaxeb saCivris<br />
Setanis wesi<br />
arsebobs dadgenili procesi, romlis mixedviTac sxva mosamarTleebs,<br />
advokatebsa da sazogadoebas SeuZliaT sa-<br />
Civrebis Setana mosamarTlis qcevis Taobaze.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
arsebobs procedurebi, romlis mixedviTac mosamarTleebs,<br />
advokatebs da sazogadoebas SeuZliaT Seitanon saCivari<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis aramarTlzomieri qmedebis<br />
winaaRmdeg. sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> aseve iRebs sa-<br />
Civrebs mosamarTleebis Sesaxeb, magram ar aris ganmartebuli<br />
is procedurebi, Tu rogor xdeba saCivris Setana.<br />
praqtikaSi saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mosamarTleTa winaaRmdeg<br />
saCivrebis Setana gamoiyeneba. amitom iusticiis<br />
umaRles sabWoSi Sesuli saCivrebis umetesoba adreul<br />
etapzeve icxrileba.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Tavmjdomareebi iReben da ixilaven<br />
saCivrebs moqalaqeebisagan da Semdeg am saCivrebs acnoben<br />
iusticiis umaRles sabWos. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxlebi 17.3.e-v, 22.g-d). nebismier adamians Seu-<br />
Zlia saCivari Seitanos mosamarTlis winaaRmdeg iusticiis<br />
umaRles sabWoSi, maT Soris Tavad mosamarTleebsac,<br />
prokurorebs da gamomZieblebs. dauSvebelia anonimuri sa-<br />
Civris Setana. (kanoni disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 6 (a)). saCivrebi unda Seinaxon konfidencialurad.<br />
(kanoni disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 5). Tumca, saCivari ver gaxdeba disci plinuri dasjis<br />
safuZveli, Tu gairkveva, rom SemTxveva 3 an meti wlis winaT<br />
moxda. (kanoni disci plinuri pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 3).<br />
rodesac sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sTvis cnobili gaxdeba<br />
mosamarTlis winaaRmdeg Setanili sarCelis Taobaze<br />
savaldebuloa, rom es sarCelebi miRebidan 3 dRis vadaSi<br />
gadaegzavnos <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s eTikisa da disciplinuri sakiTxebis<br />
komitets. (organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 16.2-16.3; aseve ixileT sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s reglamenti Tavi VII; ). magram es<br />
130 131
kanonmdebloba ar aRwers im proceduras, romlis mixedvi-<br />
Tac xdeba saCivris Setana.<br />
2005 wels <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosamarTleTa asociaciam ganaxorciela<br />
sainformacio kampania da aamoqmeda cxeli xazi sazogadoebisaTvis,<br />
rom maT ecnobebinaT mosamarTleebis aramarTlzomieri<br />
qmedebis Taobaze, magram es cxeli xazi aRar<br />
arsebobs. iusticiis umaRles sabWos ar ganuxorcielebia<br />
kampania, rom sajaro gaexada saCivris Setanis procedura,<br />
magram saqmeSi monawile mxareebi am infomracias iReben<br />
sakuTari advokatebisagan. gasuli ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
yovelwilurad 1000-ze meti saCivari Sedis saSualod,<br />
magram respondentebma aRniSnes, rom disci plinuri<br />
devnis aRZvra mosamarTlis mimarT iSviaTad xdeba. saCivris<br />
procedura xSirad ar aris gamWvirvale. erTerTma respondentma<br />
aRniSna, rom mas sakmaod didi xani mouwia lodini<br />
sakuTar saCivarze pasuxis miRebaze da rodesac ecada gadaemowmebina<br />
iusticiis umaRles sabWoSi, maTgan pasuxad miiRo,<br />
rom informacia konfidencialuria. saCivrebis umetesoba<br />
ZiriTadad samoqalaqo saqmeebs da saqmis ganxilvis<br />
gaWianurebas exeba. zogierTi saCivari adreul etapze,<br />
winaswari gamoZiebisas uqmdeba da danarCeni SeiZleba gaicxrilos<br />
disciplinuri kolegiis mier ganxilvis etapze.<br />
ixileT aseve faqtori 17 meti detalebisaTvis imis Taobaze,<br />
Tu rogoria saCivris miRebis procedura da rogor xdeba<br />
mosamarTleebis mimarT disciplinuri devnis aRZvra.<br />
2006 wels iusticiis umaRlesi sabWosgan miRebuli infomraciiT<br />
1851 saCivari Sevida, aqedan 1050 saCivari avtomaturad<br />
gaicxrila da mxolod 60 (3.2%) gadaegzavna disciplinur<br />
kolegias. 2007 wels iusticiis umaRlesma sabWom<br />
miiRo 1216 saCivari, aqedan 525 saCivari avtomaturad gauqmda<br />
da 29 saqme (2.4%) gadaeca disciplinur kolegias. 2008 wlis<br />
pirvel naxevarSi, iusticiis umaRlesma sabWom miiRo 619<br />
saCivari da aqedan 331 sawyis etapze gauqmda.<br />
faqtori 23. masmediisa da sazogadeobis daswreba<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomebze<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomebi Riaa sazogadoebisa da masmediisTvis<br />
da maTTvis adgilia gamoyofili <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomebi Riaa sazogadoebisaTvis, mediisTvis<br />
da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazebi Sesabamisadaa mowyobili. 2005 wels<br />
spikeri mosamarTlis institutis SemoRebam mcire gavlena<br />
iqonia JurnalistebTan urTierTobebis gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
amasTanave, damatebiTi treningebi tardeba mediasa<br />
da spikeri mosamarTleebisaTvis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sa da sazogadoebas<br />
Soris urTierTobebis sakiTxebze. 2007 wlidan<br />
medias aekrZala <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi kamerebiT gadaReba.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s, saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s da raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s procesebi unda iyos Ria sazogadoebisaTvis,<br />
garda "im SemTxvevebisa, romelic kanoniT<br />
aris gansazRvruli" da yvela gadawyvetileba sajarod unda<br />
gamocxaddes. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstitucis muxli 85.1; kanoni<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli 12.1-12.3; sisxlis<br />
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi muxli 16.1; samoqalaqo<br />
saproceso kodeqsi muxli 9.1). magaliTad, sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saqmeebi arasrulwolvnebis, seqsualuri moZaladeebis<br />
mimarT an saxelmiwfos, oficialuri an komerciuli saidumlos<br />
Semcveli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba iyos<br />
daxuruli. aseve samoqalaqo saqmeebi romelic Seicavs saxelmwifo<br />
saidumloebas, an sxva kanoniT gansazRvrul sxva<br />
informacias an Svilad ayvanis saqmeebi unda iyos daxuruli.<br />
(sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi muxli 16.4;<br />
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi muxlebi 9.1; 350.3).<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s sxdomebi aseve Riaa sazogadoebisaTvis,<br />
magram <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebiT an mx-<br />
132 133
areTa moTxovniT, sxdoma an misi nawili SeiZleba daixuros<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis imisaTvis, rom daicvas "piradi, profesiuli,<br />
komerciuli an saxelmiwfo saidumloeba". (organuli<br />
kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 27.1-<br />
27.2). sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>m unda miiRos wesi, Tu rogor<br />
ganixilavs igi saqmes daxurul sxdomaze. igive muxli 27.3.<br />
16 wlamde pirebi, vinc ar aris mowme saqmeze, aseve SeiaraRebuli<br />
pirebi (garda maTi visac iaraRis tarebis ufleba<br />
aqvT) ar daiSvebian sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomis<br />
darbazSi. (organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 27.4). sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebi<br />
unda gamocxaddes sajarod. (organuli kanoni<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 27.5).<br />
2007 wlis ivlisidan, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si,<br />
saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si da saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi aikrZala<br />
foto, video da audio gadaReba, garda im SemTxvevebisa<br />
Tu gadaReba xorcieldeba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier an <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
saxeliT. (kanoni saerTo sasamrTloebis Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 12.4). kanonis ganmartebiTi baraTis mixedviT, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
sxdomebis mimdinareobisas <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazSi<br />
video kamera iwvevs provokacias, laxavs saqmis srul da<br />
miukerZoebel ganxilvas da araswor gavlenas axdens mosamarTleze.<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si radio, satelevizio,<br />
audio da video Cawera <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> ganxilvebis dros<br />
daSvebulia mxolod sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s TanxmobiT,<br />
konkretul saqmesTan mimarTebaSi. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kanoni<br />
sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb; muxli 2.5.<br />
miRebuli 1996 wlis 20 marti)). sasamarTom darbazebi aR-<br />
Wurva video aparaturiT, romelic iZleva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis<br />
video Canawerebis gakeTebis saSualebas. es Canawerebi<br />
xelmisawvdomia sazogadoebisaTvis moTxovnisamebr da<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> aseve gegmavs am video masalis<br />
sakuTar veb gverdze dadebas. http://www.constcourt.ge.<br />
gamokiTxulTa umetesoba Tanxmdeba imaze, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
sxdomebi Riaa sazogadoebisaTvis da rogorc wesi sasa-<br />
marTlo darbazebi isea mowyobili, rom daitios sazogadoebis<br />
da mediis warmomadgenlebi. vinaidan <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
darbazSi fexze dgoma akrZalulia, damswreTa raodenoba<br />
ganisazRvreba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazSi adgilebis raodenobiT.<br />
rogorc wesi moqalaqeebis mcire raodenoba eswreba<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesebs, mediis dainteresebis sakiTxs ki mudam<br />
warmoadgens sensaciuri da politikurad mniSvnelovani<br />
saqmeebi.<br />
respondentebs gansxvavebuli mosazreba hqondaT <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
darbazebSi kamerebis akrZalvis Taobaze, romelic 2007<br />
wels ganxorcielda. zogma aRniSna, rom advokatebi da opoziciuri<br />
partiis warmomadgenlebi, vinc Teatralur warmodgenebs<br />
dgamdnen video kamerebis win <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazeb-<br />
Si, mas Semdeg rac aikrZala video gadaReba naklebad arian<br />
amiT dakavebulni. sxvebma Tqves, rom es akrZalva amoqmedda<br />
girgvlianis saqmeSi (erTerTi sakiTxi ramac gamoiwvia 2007<br />
wlis 7 noembris aqcia) braldebuli Sinagan saqmeTa saministros<br />
TanamSromlebis gamo. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis dros<br />
gamoaSkaravda urTierTsawinaaRmdego da saeWvo sakiTxebi,<br />
magaliTad rogoricaa prokurorismier braldebulebisaTvis<br />
da mowmeebisaTvis uflebis micema esaubraT mobilur telefonze,<br />
maSin rodesac isini Cvenebas aZlevdnen. (ixileT, axalgarzrda<br />
iuristTa asociaciis angariSi, marTlmsajuleba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si; gv.35-40). <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi kamerebis akrZalvam<br />
gamoiwvia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesebis gamWirvalobis Semcireba,<br />
rac TavisTavad marTlmsajulebis mimarT sazogadoebis<br />
rwmenis Semcirebas iwvevs. 2007 wels Catarebulma<br />
amomrCevelTa gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom respondentTa 79%<br />
winaaRmdegi iyo mTavrobis gadawyvetilebisa aekrZalaT<br />
JurnalistebisaTvis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesebis gadaReba, da<br />
mxolod 12%-ma dauWira am gadawyvetilebas mxari. (amomrCevelTa<br />
kvleva; IRI; g.68).<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisuflebis gamWvirvalobis gazrdis da gaumjobesebis<br />
mizniT 2005 wlis bolos spikeri mosamarTlis<br />
instituti iqna SemoRebuli. es Tanamdeboba Seiqmna uzenaes<br />
134 135
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si, saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si da gaerTianebul<br />
raionul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi. (ixileT spikeri mosamarTlis<br />
saqmianobis ZiriTadi principebi; muxli 2). spiker<br />
mosamarTles aqvs uflebamosileba "gaavrcelos informacia<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s saqmianobis Sesaxeb da aseve sazogadoebas<br />
miawodos maTTvis saintereso saqmeebze <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb informacia". (samosamarTlo<br />
eTikis wesebi muxli 17). uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si aris prescentri,<br />
romelic pasuxismgebelia masmediasTan urTierTobebze.<br />
(organuli kanoni uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli<br />
14.2). mxolod <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomares, spiker mosamar-<br />
Tles da prescentris warmoamdgenels aqvT mediasTan urTierTobis<br />
ufleba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebis ganmartebebis<br />
mizniT. (ixileT spikeri mosamarTlis saqmianobis<br />
ZiriTadi princi pebi; muxli 2). gamokiTxulebma gamoTqves<br />
kmayofileba spikeri mosamarTlis institutis Seqmnis Taobaze,<br />
magram maT miaCniaT, rom isini ver uzrunvelyofen JurnalistebisaTvis<br />
gasageb enaze informaciis miwodebas. AamasTanave,<br />
gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes, rom JurnalistTa profesionalizmis<br />
done <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> saqmeebis gaSuqebis TvalsazrisiT sakmaod<br />
dabalia. magaliTad, Jurnalistebi xSirad Tavad ar<br />
kiTxuloben gadawyvetilebebs da mxolod mxareebis advokatebisagan<br />
iReben intervius mosamarTlis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis<br />
Taobaze. respondentebma aseve aRniSnes, rom Jurnalistebi<br />
xSirad sakuTari politikuri Sexedulebisamebr<br />
amzadeben informacias.<br />
mosamarTleTa da Jurnalistebs Soris urTierTobebis gaumjobesebis<br />
mizniT uzenaesma <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>m ganaxorciela<br />
treningebis seria, ganxorcielda 10-ze meti treningi mosamarTleebisa<br />
da JurnalistebisaTvis.<br />
2007 wlis dekemberSi uzenaesma <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>m amerikis<br />
iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativasTan<br />
da germanuli teqnikuri daxmarebis programasTan (GTZ)<br />
TanamSromlobiT moamzada da dabeWda media gzamkvlevi<br />
JurnalistebisaTvis. gzamkvlevSi Sedis informacia sasa-<br />
marTlo sistemis, mosamsarTleTa daniSvnis wesis, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
mandaturis uflebebisa da movaleobebis, sakonstitucio<br />
sasamrTlos, spikeri mosamarTlis rolis, uflebebis<br />
da pasuxismgeblobebis da sxva saWiro informaciis Sesaxeb.<br />
2006 wlidan germanuli teqnikuri daxmarebis programa (GTZ)<br />
da gaeros ganviTarebis programa afinanseben seminarebs<br />
mediis warmomadgenelTa da spikeri mosamarTleebisaTvis,<br />
raTa gaaumjobesos da ganamtkicos TanamSromloba Jurnalistebsa<br />
da mosamarTleebs Soris.<br />
uzenaes da sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs aqvT kargad organizebuli<br />
da sakmaod kargi dizainis mqone veb gverdebi,<br />
sadac uaxlesi infomraciaa sazogadoebisa da mediisaTvis.<br />
(ixileT http://www.supremecourt.ge da http://www.constcourt.ge). aseve<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s veb gverdidan aris bmulebi sxva<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s veb gverdebze, sadac aseve xelmisawvdomia qveda<br />
instanciis sasamrTloebis mier ganxiluli saqmeebis<br />
ganrigi, aseve gadawyvetilebebic xelmisawvdomia. (ixileT<br />
http://tbilisiappeal.court.gov.ge; aseve ixileT magaliTad http://<br />
rustavi.court.gov.ge; http://kutaisi.court.gov.ge; http://batumi.court.gov.ge;<br />
http://telavi.court.gov.ge; (Sesabamisad es aris veb gverdebi<br />
rusTavis, quTaisis, baTumis da Telavis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis).<br />
faqtori 24. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebis<br />
gamoqveyneba<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebi, iseve rogorc saapelacio<br />
daskvnebi, sajaro informacias warmoadgens da eqvemdebareba<br />
samecniero da sajaro kritikas.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: dadebiTi tendencia:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>, sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>,<br />
saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> da zogierTi raionuli (saqalaqo)<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> aqveyneben TavianT gadawyvetilebebs veb<br />
gverdze. sxva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis gadawyvetilebebi aseve xelmisawvdomia<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis maTi moTxovnisas.<br />
136 137
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
kanonmdeblobiT mxareebs aqvT ufleba gaecnon saqmis<br />
masalebs da aseve <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebebi unda iyos<br />
xelmisawvdomi maTTvis. (samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi<br />
muxli 83.1; 259 sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi<br />
muxlebi 76.1-76.3; 514). konkretulad ki, samoqalaqo davebSi<br />
mxareebs aqvT ufleba miiRon <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> gadawyvetilebis<br />
asli <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> kancelariaSi ganacxadis wardgenidan sami<br />
dRis vadaSi. (samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi muxli 259).<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> valdebulia<br />
prokurors da braldebuls gadawyvetileba Caabaros gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebidan 5 dRis vadaSi (rTul saqmeebze ki<br />
SeiZleba es vada 14 dRemde gaizardos). sissxlis samarTlis<br />
saqmis sxva monawileebs ki SeuZliaT miiRon <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
gadawyvetilebis asli moTxovnisas. (sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saproceso kodeqsi muxlebi 514).<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebi, maT Soris<br />
gansxvavebuli mosazrebac, unda gamocxaddes sajarod da<br />
daibeWdos sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s oficialur beWvdiT<br />
organoSi. (organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb muxlebi 27.5; 47). gadawyvetilebebi aseve ibe-<br />
Wdeba wignis formiT da ideba sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
veb gverdze. (ixileT: http://www.constcourt.ge). 1996-2002 wlebSi<br />
amerikis iuristTa asociaciam dabeWda sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
gadawyvetilebebi da axla <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mTavroba<br />
uzrunvelyofs gadawyvetilebaTa gamocemis sakiTxs. amerikis<br />
SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos<br />
finansuri mxardaWeriT amerikis iuristTa asociaciis<br />
centraluri evropisa da evraziis samarTlebrivma iniciativam<br />
aseve uzrunvelyo uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebis<br />
beWdva 2000 wlidan. uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebis<br />
monacemTa bazaSi xelmisawvdomia uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebebi 2000 wlidan. monacemTa bazis<br />
ganaxleba xdeba uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier da xelmisawvdomia<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s vebgverdze http://www.supremecourt.ge.<br />
gadawyvetilebebis veb gverdze dadeba cotaTi gviandeba da<br />
mxareebis saxelebi Secvlilia inicialebiT. es gadawyvetilebebi<br />
ibeWdeba wignis saxiT da urigdebaT mosamarTleebs.<br />
saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebma da didma raionulma (saqalaqo)<br />
sasamrTloebma aseve daiwyes sakuTari gadawyvetilebebis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis veb gverdze dadeba. am <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis veb<br />
gverdebi xelmisawvdomia uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s veb gverdidanac.<br />
gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes rom, raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
is gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic ar ideba veb<br />
gverdebze, mainc xelmisawvdomia mxareebis da sazogadoebisaTvis,<br />
vinaidan gadawyvetilebebi sajaroa saqmis dasrulebis<br />
Semdeg. es exeba im saqmeebsac rodesac saqmis ganxilva daxurulia.<br />
faqtori 25. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> arqivebi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis oqmebi da sxva sando masalebi inaxeba<br />
da xelmisawvdomisa sazogadoebisTvis.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si da aseve ramodenime <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis Cawera xdeba audio saSualebebiT.<br />
imedia, rom es teqnikuri saSualeba sxva sasamrTloebSic<br />
iqneba xelmisawvdomi umokles vadaSi. im <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi,<br />
sadac <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis audio Cawera ar xdeba stenogramebi<br />
ar keTdeba. mosamarTlis mdivani adgens oqms, romelic<br />
an dabeWdili an xelnaweri formiTaa. oqmebis sizuste damokidebulia<br />
Tavad mdivanze da rogorc wesi adeqvaturia. gamokiTxulebs<br />
gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi hqondaT imasTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT, Tu ramdenad xelmisawvdomia sazogadoebisaTvis<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis oqmebi.<br />
138 139
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomis mdivani unda daeswros yvela <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
process da Seajamos <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis mimdinareoba<br />
oqmSi. (samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi muxlebi<br />
287-291. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi muxlebi<br />
54; 454-455; 545; 573; zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi muxli<br />
112). oqmSi unda Sevides iseTi informacia, rogoricaa:<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> ganxilvis dro, adgili, xangrZlivoba; mxareebis<br />
saxelebi, aseve saqmeSi monawile saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa<br />
vinaoba; <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebi;<br />
mxareebis mier dayenebuli moTxovnebi da Suamdgomlobebi;<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s instruqciebi da gadawyvetilebebi.<br />
(sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi muxli 454.1; samoqalaqo<br />
saproceso kodeqsi muxli 288). oqmis momzadebis<br />
Semdeg <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s sxdomis Tavmjdomarem unda moaweros<br />
xeli am oqms, da amis Semdeg oqmi Caideba saqmeSi. (sisxlis<br />
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi muxli 454.2; samoqalaqo<br />
saproceso kodeqsi muxli 289; zogadi administraciuli<br />
kodeqsi muxli 112).<br />
2007 wlis 11 noembers sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsma<br />
da samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsma ganicades cvlileba,<br />
romlis mixedviTac <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si daSvebulia<br />
sisxlisa da samoqalaqo saqmeebis audio magnitur firze<br />
(magnitofoni, kompiuteri) Cawera. (sisxlis samarTlis saproceso<br />
kodeqsi muxli 16; samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi<br />
muxli 290). saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb kanonis mixedviT<br />
audio, video da foto gadaReba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesze<br />
dasaSvebia mxolod sasamrTlos specialuri Tanxmobis<br />
Semdeg da am Canaweris gavrceleba SeiZleba moxdes mxolod<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s TanxmobiT. (kanoni saerTo sasamrTloebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 12.4); aseve ixileT faqtori 24 damatebiTi<br />
detalebisaTvis. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si,<br />
quTaisis saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si, Tbilisis da<br />
mcxeTis raionul <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis<br />
Cawera xdeba audio aparaturiT. Caweris es forma ara mar-<br />
to aumjobesebs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis oqmebs, aramed ufro<br />
aCqarebs processac.<br />
mxareebs SeuZliaT miiRon Cawerili <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis<br />
Canawerebi, romelic saqmeSia Cadebuli. (sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saproceso kodeqsi muxlebi 54.1; 455.2; samoqalaqo<br />
saproceso kodeqsi muxli 255). am angariSis momzadebis<br />
periodSi iusticiis umaRlesma sabWom gamoTqva imedi, rom<br />
magnitur firze Caweris es meTodi dainergeba 100-ze met<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazSi 2008 wlis dasasrulisaTvis. Ddagegmilia<br />
magnitur firze Caweris teqnologiis danergva yvela<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si. im <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi, sadac es teqnologia ar<br />
moqmedebs sxdomis mdivnebi adgenen oqmebs, romelic kompiuterzea<br />
dabeWdili, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki xeliTaa<br />
dawerili. oqmebis sizuste damokidebulia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomis<br />
mdivanze, magram mosamarTleTa umetesobisaTvis es<br />
misaRebia da adeqvaturia. mxareebs aqvT ufleba gaecnon<br />
saqmis masalebs,<br />
miuxedavad amisa respondentebma gamoTqves gansxvavebuli<br />
mosazrebebi, imis Taobaze aris Tu ara saqmis masalebi da<br />
oqmebi xelmisawvdomi sazogadoebisaTvis mas Semdeg, rac<br />
saqmis ganxilva dasruldeba. SeiZleba gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi<br />
arsebobs, vinaidan sxvadasxva <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier<br />
sxvadasxva meTodi gamoiyeneba.<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s ganxilvebis Canawerebi registrirebulia<br />
arqivebSi. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s yvela gadawyvetileba<br />
xelmisawvdomia sazogadoebisaTvis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s vebgverdis<br />
meSveobiT: http://www.constcourt.ge. amasTanave, rogorc faqtori<br />
23-Sia zemoT aRniSnuli, sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
exla qmnis sakuTari procedurebis video Canawerebs, romelic<br />
xelmisawvdomia sazogadoebisaTvis moTxovnisas da aseve<br />
male igegmeba maTi veb gverdze ganTavseba.<br />
140 141
VI. efeqturoba<br />
faqtori 26. mosamarTlis damxmare personali<br />
yvela mosamarTles hyavs Tavisi damxmare personali, romelic<br />
exmareba mas samuSaos SesrulebaSi, magaliTad adeqvaturi<br />
damxmare personali, romelsac SeuZlia dokumentaciis<br />
momzadeba da samarTlebrivi kvlevis Catareba.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: dadebiTi tendencia:<br />
mosamarTleebs hyavT kargad momzadebuli mdivnebi, TanaSemweebi<br />
da staJiorebi, romlebic exmarebian mas saWiro dokumentebis<br />
momzadeba-moZiebaSi, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> oqmebis momzadebaSi,<br />
saqmis procesisTvis momzadebaSi, <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis<br />
SejamebaSi da samarTlebrivi dokumentebis moZiebaSi.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
sakonstitucio sasamrTlos unda hyavdes aparati romelic<br />
uzrunvelyofs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s normalur funqcionirebas.<br />
(organuli kanoni sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
muxli 3.4). sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomares aqvs<br />
uflebamosileba daniSnos da Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisuflos<br />
aparatis TanamSromlebi. (organuli kanoni sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 12.1 (e)). uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s, saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s da raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis aparati aris sajaro mosamsaxure<br />
da maTi saqminobis zedamxedvelobas axorcielebs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomare. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxlebi 17.3 (b); 22 (b); 72). <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare<br />
pasuxismgebelia miiRos gadawyvetileba TanamSromlis<br />
disciplinuri devnis, dakavebuli Tanamdebobidan gan-<br />
Tavisuflebis an daniSvnis Taobaze. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxlebi 17.3 (b); 22 (b). organuli kanoni<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Sesaxeb muxli 13.1 (e)-(v)).<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s aparatSi Sedian <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomis mdivani,<br />
mosamarTlis TanaSemwe da aseve sxva poziciis mqone pirebi.<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomis mdivnebi amzadeben <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesis<br />
oqmebs da aseve axorcieleben sxva funqciebs, rasac<br />
maT mosamarTle daavalebs. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomis mdivanma<br />
Tanamdebobaze daniSvnamde unda gaiaros specialuri saswavlo<br />
kursi an unda hqondes sxdomis mdivnad muSaobis<br />
minimum erTi wlis gamocdileba. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 75).<br />
mosamarTlis TanaSemweebi pasuxismgebelni arian Sexvdnen<br />
moqalaqeebs da ganixilon maTi ganacxadebi, moamzadon saqmeebi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> procesisaTvis, moiZion samarTlebrivi masalebi<br />
da dokumentacia da Seasrulon sxva funqciebi, romelsac<br />
maT mosamarTle daavalebs. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 73.1; organuli kanoni uzenaesi<br />
sasamrTlos Sesaxeb muxli 15.1). iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo<br />
gansazRvravs mosamarTleTa TanaSemweebis saStato erTeuls<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 73.4). mosamarTlis TanaSemwes unda hqondes<br />
minimum bakalavris xarisxi samarTalSi. isini valdebulni<br />
arian gaiaron 3 Tviani mosamzadebeli terningi iusticiis<br />
umaRles skolaSi an unda hqondeT mosamarTled, prokurorad,<br />
gamomZieblad, advokatad, an uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s, an<br />
avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sasamrTlos, an Tbilisis<br />
saqalaqo sasamrTlos konsultantad muSaobis minimum<br />
erT wliani samuSao staJi, an Cabarebuli unda hqondes mosamarTlis<br />
sakvalifikacio gamocda. (kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 73.2; organuli kanoni uzenaesi<br />
sasamrTlos Sesaxeb muxli 15.2). yovelwliurad iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi skola atarebs 3 Tvian kursebs TanaSemweebisaTvis.<br />
am kursebze daswrebis survils gamoxatavs 180dan<br />
260-mde kandidati. saswavlo kursis dasrulebis Semdeg<br />
kandidatebi abareben testur gamocdas da SeaqvT ganacxadi<br />
mosamarTlis TanaSemwis vakantur Tanamdebobaze. iusticiis<br />
umaRlesi skola yovelwliurad atreningebs 120-150 moqmed<br />
mosamarTlis TanaSemwes. treningebis sakiTxebi ganisazRvreba<br />
142 143
Tavad mosamarTleebis da TanaSemweebis mier erToblivad.<br />
treningis formati msgavsia mosamarTleebis treningebisa,<br />
magram ZiriTadi aqcenti gakeTebulia iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic<br />
ufro metad exeba TanaSemwis saqmianobas. treningebi<br />
tardeba iseT sakiTxebze rogoricaa samarTlebrivi wera,<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s saproceso wesebi, aseve iuridiul sakiTxebze,<br />
rogoricaa sisxlis samarTali da procesi, samoqalaqo samarTali<br />
da procesi, administraciuli samarTali da procesi.<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo gansazRvravs raionuli da saapelacio<br />
sasamrTloebis aparatis TanamSromelTa xelfasebs.<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> adgens sakuTari TanamSromlebis saxelfaso<br />
ganakveTs. (organuli kanoni uzenaesi sasamrTlos<br />
Sesaxeb muxli 12.3 (k)). kanonis mixedviT, uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
TanamSromlebi unda sargeblobdnen im danamatebiT,<br />
rac gansazrvrulia aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo<br />
organoebis TanamSromelTaTvis. (organuli kanoni uzenaesi<br />
sasamrTlos Sesaxeb muxli 16). qvemoT mocemul cxril-<br />
Si asaxulia saapelacio da raionuli sasamrTlos Tanam-<br />
SromelTa xelfasebi.<br />
ZiriTadad, gamokiTxulebma gamoTqves kmayofileba sasamrTloSi<br />
momuSave aparatis TanamSromelTa raodenobaze da<br />
maTi muSaobis xarisxze. zogierT <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si sxdomis<br />
mdivnebTan, TanaSemweebTan erTad aseve hyavT staJiorebi.<br />
zogierTma raionulma (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mosamarTlem<br />
gamoTqva mosazreba, rom meore TanaSemwis yolis SemTxveva-<br />
Si maTi muSaoba ufro efeqturi gaxdeboda. erTerTma gamokiTxulma<br />
aRniSna, rom mas Semdeg rac <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> darbazebi<br />
aRiWurveba audio Camweri aparaturiT sxdomis mdivnebs<br />
meti dro eqnebaT mosamarTlis dasaxmareblad.<br />
saapelacio da raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
TanamSromelTa saxelfaso ganakveTebi<br />
wyaro: uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
27 yvela Tanamdeboba, romelic moqmedebs saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi<br />
da Tbilisis saqalaqo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si ar arsebobs raionul<br />
(saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si.<br />
144 145
faqtori 27. mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobebi<br />
sistema danergilia, romlis mixedviTac mosamarTleTa<br />
Tanamdebobebi iqmneba saWiroebis mixedviT.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: uaryofiTi tendencia:<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo uflebamosilia Seqmnas axali<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi<br />
da aseve gansazRvros am <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi mosamarTleTa<br />
raodenoba. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Ta datvirTulobidan gamomdinare<br />
arsebuli mosamarTleTa poziciebi ar aris adeqvaturi<br />
da amas kidev ufro arTulebs vakanturi Tanamdebobebis<br />
didi raodenoba, rac iwvevs mosamarTleTa gadatvirTvas<br />
da saqmeTa ganxilvis gaWianurebas.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo uflebamosilia Seqmnas axali<br />
raionuli (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi<br />
da gansazrvros maTi teritoriuli iurisdiqcia.<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxlebi 13.1;<br />
19). igi aseve pasuxismgebelia gansazRvros mosamarTleTa<br />
raodenoba raionul (saqalaqo) da saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi,<br />
aseve maT palatebsa da kolegiebSi. (kanoni saer-<br />
To sasamrTloebis Sesaxeb muxlebi 14.2; 15 1 .5; 20.1). am angariSis<br />
momzadebis periodSi saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi mosamarTleTa<br />
saerTo raodenoba Seadgenda 262-s. qvemoT moyvanili<br />
cxrili iZleva srulyofil suraTs mosamarTleTa<br />
gadanawilebis da raionul (saqalaqo), saapelacio da uzenaes<br />
sasamrTloebSi arsebuli vakansiebis raodenobaze.<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi mosamarTleTa raodenoba da<br />
arsebuli vakansiebi<br />
wyaro: uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
zogierTma gamokiTxulma aRniSna, rom saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi<br />
Sesulma cvlilebebma gaamartives saqmis ganxilvis<br />
procedurebi da gazardes mosamarTlis efeqturoba.<br />
magram, miuxedavad amisa, gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes, rom <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi<br />
mainc Zalian gadatvirTulia saqmeebiT. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
procesebis xSirad gadadeba xdeba umizezod, miuxedavad<br />
imisa rom mosamarTleebi samuSao saaTebze mets<br />
muSaoben. zogierT <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi aris vakansiebi, magram<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s azriT vakansiebis raodenoba umniSvneloa<br />
da igi gegmavs yvela arsebuli vakansiis 2010 wlisTvis<br />
Sevsebas. magaliTad, quTaisis saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si<br />
18 moqmedi mosamarTlea da 3 vakansiaa. Tbilisis<br />
saqalaqo sasamrTlos administraciul kolegiaSi 18 mosamarTlis<br />
Tanamdebobaa da TiToeul mosamarTles saSualod<br />
100-120 saqmis ganxilva uwevs. Tbilisis saqalaqo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
samoqalaqo palataSi 25 moqmedi mosamarTlea da mxolod<br />
erTi vakanturi Tanamdbobaa. magram, miuxedavad amisa,<br />
mosamarTleebma aRniSnes, rom isini ver axerxeben saqmeebis<br />
droulad ganxilvas, vinaidan TiToeul mosamarTles aweria<br />
200-dan 250-mde saqme. Tbilisis sisxlis samarTlis kolegiaSi<br />
23 mosamarTlea da TiToeul mosamarTles daaxloebiT<br />
70-dan 100-mde saqme aqvs gansaxilveli. 2005 wlisaTvis<br />
saqmeebis raodenoba TiToeul mosamarTleze 300-s Seadgenda<br />
da maSin mxolod 5 mosamarTle iyo. saqmeebis didi raode-<br />
146 147
nobiT dawera mosamarTleebze gamowveulia mosamarTleTa<br />
arasakmarisi raodenobiT. situacia SedarebiT gansxvavebulia<br />
magistrat mosamarTleebTan dakavSirebiT. Sexvedrisas<br />
maT aRniSnes, rom warsulSi saqmis ganxilvis vadebi<br />
irRveoda, magram axla es vadebi daculia. es marTalia, miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom dagegmili 46 magistrati mosamarTlidan<br />
mxolod Svidi magsitrati mosamarTle dainiSna am<br />
droisaTvis.<br />
qvemoT mocemul cxrilze naCveneba 2005 wlis Semdgom yovelwliurad<br />
ganxilul saqmeTa raodenoba 2008 wlis pirveli 6<br />
Tvis CaTvliT. am cxrilze Cans rom saqmeTa ganxilvis TvalsazrisiT<br />
mdgomareoba yovelwliurad umjobesdeba.<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis mier ganxilul saqmeTa raodenoba;<br />
2005-2008<br />
wyaro: uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan asacileblad, raionuli<br />
(saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomares aqvs ufleba<br />
mosamarTles daavalos saqmis ganxilva sxva kolegiaSi, an<br />
moTxovos mosamarTles ganixilos magistrati mosamarTlis<br />
gansjadi saqme. an magistrat mosamarTles daavalos im<br />
raionul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si ganixilos saqme romelic<br />
scdeba mis teritoriul daqvemdebarebas. (kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxli 15 1 .5). magaliTad, baTumis<br />
saqalaqo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si 4 mosamarTlea, romlebic konkretul<br />
palatebSi arian gaamwesebulni, ori mosamrTle ki<br />
droebiT im palataSi nawildeba, sadac meti saWiroebaa.<br />
qobuleTis raionul <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si mosamarTlis oTxi Tanamdebobidan<br />
samia Sevsebuli, am samidan ki erTi mosamar-<br />
Tle droebiT sxva sasamrTloSia mivlinebuli da mxolod<br />
ori mosamarTlea darCenil mTels <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si saqmeebis<br />
gansaxilvelad. saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s Tavmjdomare aseve<br />
sargeblobs uflebiT mosTxovos mosamarTles saqme ganixilos<br />
sxva palataSi an sagamoZiebo kolegiaSi. (kanoni saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb muxlebi 20.4; 22 (e)).<br />
faqtori 28. saqmeTa registracia da aRricxva<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistema axorcielebs saqmeTa registraciasa<br />
da aRricxvas, rac saqmeTa maqsimalurad mokle vadebSi<br />
ganxilvas uzrunvelyofs.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: uaryofiTi tendencia:<br />
uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s mier 2005 wels Seqmnili saqmeTa registraciisa<br />
da marTvis kompiuteruli sistema ar aris far-<br />
Tod danergili saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi. igegmeba kompiuteruli<br />
sistemis gamoyenebis gafarToeba, misi efeqturobis gazrda<br />
da misi momxmarebelze ufro metad orientireba. <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi<br />
amJamad saqmeTa aRricxva da marTva xeliT<br />
xorcieldeba.<br />
148 149
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
2005 wels uzenaesma sasamrTlom SeimuSava saqmeTa aRricxvisa<br />
da marTvis kompiuteruli sistema da Seqmna monacemTa<br />
baza. (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iuridiuli <strong>reformis</strong> <strong>indeqsi</strong>, 2005 weli;<br />
gv.46). programa saSualebas iZleva mxaris saxelebiT moZiebul<br />
iqnas konkretuli saqme. monacemTa bazaSi aris informacia<br />
saqmis mimdinareobis etapebis Sesaxeb, dasrulebuli<br />
saqmeebis da gamotanili gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb. uzenaesi<br />
sasamrTlos mier momzadebuli yvela dokumentacia aseve<br />
Setanilia monacemTa bazaSi. gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes, rom<br />
iyo mcdeloba am kompiuteruli sistemis saerTo sasamrTloebSi<br />
danergvis, magram es mcdeloba mxolod nawilobriv<br />
ganxorcielda. ar Catarebula <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s TanamSromel-<br />
Ta treningi kompiuteruli sistemis gamoyenebis Taobaze.<br />
zogierT <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si programa gamoiyeneba mxolod kancelariis<br />
mier, romelic amzadebs statistikur monacemebs.<br />
vinaidan mxolod ramodenime mosamarTle iyenebs realurad<br />
am programas, danarCeni mosamarTleebi saqmis masalebs naxuloben<br />
imisaTvis, rom dadgindes saqmis statusi. saerTo<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi, rogorc wesi, mTeli procedurebi xeliT<br />
xorcieldeba.<br />
raonul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi saqmis aRricxva da<br />
moZieba Semdegnairad xorcieldeba: mxareebi dokumentebs<br />
abareben registraciaSi, registraciis specialisti aregistrirebs<br />
mas. amis Semdeg, rogorc wesi saqme egzavneba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
Tavmjdomares, raTa man saqme daaweros mosamar-<br />
Tles. mas Semdeg, rac saqme gadaecema mosamarTles gansaxilvelad,<br />
saqmis masalebi masze saboloo gadawyvetilebis<br />
gamotanamde rCeba mosamarTlesTan. gadawyvetilebis gamotanis<br />
Semdeg saqmis masalebi brundeba registraciaSi. Tu<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba xdeba, maSin saqmis<br />
masalebi gadaigzavneba saapelacio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si mTeli<br />
apelaciis periodiT da apelaciis dasrulebis Semdeg<br />
saqmis masalebi brundeba raionul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>-<br />
Si.<br />
DPK konsaltingi exmareba saqrTvelos <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisuflebas<br />
gaaujobeson <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> marTvis sistema. isini<br />
axorcieleben programas, romelic oTxi komponentisagan<br />
Sedgeba. am programis erTerTi komponenti aris <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
operirebis gaumjobeseba, romelic unda iqnes miRweuli<br />
saqmeTa gaWianurebis aRmofxvriT da saqmeTa mimdinareobis<br />
menejmentis saSualebiT. am mizniT DPK konsaltingi daxmarebas<br />
uwevs <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s SeimuSavos<br />
ufro efeqturi da momxmarebelze orientirebuli saqmeTa<br />
aRricxvisa da marTvis kompiuteruli programa. am kompiuteruli<br />
programiT SesaZlebeli iqneba statistikuri monacemebis<br />
dadgenac, rac kidev ufro gamosadegi iqneba <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
marTvisTvis, vidre is meTodi romliTac axla xdeba<br />
statistikis dadgena da romelic orientirebulia mxolod<br />
dasrulebul saqmeebze.<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s saqmeebis numeracia xelmisawvdomia<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s veb gverdis meSveobiT:<br />
http://www.constcourt.ge.<br />
faqtori 29. kompiuterebi da saofise teqnika<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sistema aRWurvilia kompiuteriTa da sxva<br />
teqnikis sakmarisi raodenobiT, rac mas efeqturad muSaobis<br />
saSualebas aZlevs.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
kompiuterebis, qseroqsebis, faqsebis da sxva aRWurvilobis<br />
raodenoba gaizarda sasamrTloebSi 2005 wlis Semdeg. zogierT<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si yvela mosamarTles, mosamarTlis TanaSemwes<br />
da mdivans aqvs kompiuteri da interneti. Catarda<br />
ramodenime treningebi kompiuteruli programebis gamoyenebis<br />
teqnologiebTan dakavSirebiT. Kkompiuteris da sxva aRWurvilobis<br />
gamoyeneba farTod xdeba mosamarTleebis da sasamrTlo<br />
aparatis mier.<br />
150 151
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamenti pasuxismgebelia saer-<br />
To <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis materialur da teqnikur uzrunvelyofaze.<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb, muxlebi 70.1,<br />
71). Tu warsulSi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi ganicdidnen saofise aR-<br />
Wurvilobis naklebobas da maT ar hqondaT sakmarisi kompiuterebi,<br />
bolo wlebSi gazrdilma dafinansebam gaaumjobesa<br />
mdgomareoba. am angariSis momzadebis procesSi yvela <strong>sasamarTlo</strong><br />
darbazSi ar idga kompiuteri, magram Sefasebis jgufis<br />
mier gamokiTxul mosamarTleebs, mosamarTleTa TanaSemweebs,<br />
mdivnebs hqondaT kompiuteri, romelic qselSi da internetSi<br />
iyo CarTuli. saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamentma aRniSna,<br />
rom mTeli qveynis masStabiT yvela mosamarTles, mosamarTlis<br />
TanaSemwes da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> sxdomis mdivans aqvs piradi<br />
kompiuteri. amave dros Tbilisi yvela <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si, yvela<br />
gaerTianebul raionul (saqalaqo) <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si, maT Soris<br />
quTaisis saqalaqo, quTaisis saapelacio, rusTavis saqalaqo,<br />
baTumis saqalaqo, Telavis, mcxeTis, goris, xaSuris, saCxeris,<br />
zugdidis da zestafonis raionul sasmarTloebSi aris interneti.<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s yvela mosamarTles<br />
da TanaSemwes aseve aqvs sakuTari kompiuteri.<br />
saofise aRWurviloba, rogoricaa qseroqsi da faqsi, ufro<br />
bevr <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Sia vidre es adre iyo da mosamarTleebi<br />
da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi iyeneben maT. amasTanave, 2006 wlidan 2007wlamde,<br />
amerikis iuristTa asociaciam Caatara ori treningi<br />
mosamarTleebisaTvis Microsoft Powerpoint-is unarebSi.<br />
faqtori 30. arsebuli kanonebis danawileba da<br />
indeqsacia<br />
arsebobs sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs mosamarTle-<br />
TaTvis saxelmwifo kanonebisa da iurisprudenciis masalebis<br />
droulad miwodebas. agreTve arsebobs sistema, romelic<br />
gansazRvravs da organizebas ukeTebs kanonebSi cvlilebebis<br />
Setanas.<br />
daskvna Sefaseba: neitraluri tendencia:<br />
kanonmdebloba aris kodirebuli da xelmisawvdomia programa<br />
kodeqsis meSveobiT im mosamarTleebisa da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
TanamSromlebisaTvis visac aqvT kompiuteri. amasTanave,<br />
mosamarTleebi iReben erovnul kanonmdeblobas, damatebiTi<br />
literatura aseve xelmisawvdomia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis veb gverdebze<br />
da biblioTekebSi.<br />
analizi/safuZveli:<br />
saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis departamenti pasuxismgebelia <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi<br />
uzrunvelyos kanonmdeblobiT da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>sTvis<br />
normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis saWiro dokumentaciiT.<br />
(kanoni saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis Sesaxeb, muxli<br />
71. (g)). kanonmdeblobis gavrcelebas mosamarTleebs da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebs<br />
Soris axorcielebs rogorc <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> xelisufleba,<br />
aseve donori organizaciebi.<br />
kanonmdebloba organizebulia kargad Camoyalibebuli kodifikaciis<br />
sistemis mixedviT. kanonebs aqvT miniWebuli seriuli<br />
nomrebi dokumentis zeda marcxena kuTxeSi, aqvea<br />
miTiTebuli kanonis miRebis TariRi da oficialuri beWdviTi<br />
organo, sadac kanoni pirvelad gamoqveynda. ori oficialuri<br />
beWdviTi organo arsebobs, esenia: parlamentis<br />
uwyebani da sakanonmdeblo macne, sadac ibeWdeba yvela axali<br />
kanoni, sakaknonmdeblo cvlileba da sakanondeblo cvlilebebis<br />
ganxilvis TariRebi. parlamentis uwyebani gamoicema<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s parlamentis mier, sakanonmdeblo macnes<br />
ki gamoscems iusticiis saministro.<br />
mosamarTleebi iReben ufasod yvela kodeqss, kanons da sxva<br />
saWiro normatiul aqtebs. mosamarTleebis umetesobas aseve<br />
aqvs kompiuteruli programa kodeqsi. programakodeqsSi Si<br />
Sedis yvela kanoni, normatiuli aqti da saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba,<br />
romlis xelmomweric <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>a. dokumentis<br />
moZieba SeiZleba kanonis dasaxelebiT, mTavari sityviT,<br />
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kanonisTvis miniWebuli kodiT. kodeqsis monacemTa bazaSi<br />
aris yvelaze ganaxlebuli kanonmdebloba da yvela im cvlilebis<br />
naxva SeiZleba damoukideblad, romelic kanonSi<br />
Sevida misi miRebis dRidan. monacemTa baza momxmarebels<br />
aZlevs saSualebas aseve moiZios kanonis pirveladi forma<br />
da aseve ukve gauqmebuli kanonebi. kodeqsis programis ganaxleba<br />
xdeba yovelTviurad teqnikuri personalis mier,<br />
romelic midis sasamrTloSi da Sehyavs siaxleebi kompiuterul<br />
programaSi. saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebis teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis<br />
departamentis gancxadebiT imisaTvis, rom kodeqsis<br />
programa iyos xelmisawvdomi saWiroa internetTan kav-<br />
Siri. ase rom Tbilisis yvela <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>Si da gaerTianebul<br />
raionul <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebSi es programa xelmisawvdomia,<br />
magram aris saerTo <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi sadac mosamarTleebisaTvis<br />
kodeqsis programa ar aris xelmisawvdomi. sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s yvela mosamarTles da maT TanaSemweebs<br />
aqvT kodeqsis programa, maTTvis aseve xelmisawvdomia<br />
iseTi samarTlerivi bazebi, rogoricaa Westlaw da JurisDE da<br />
sxva samarTelbrivi wyaroebi.<br />
kanonmdeblobis internetiT xelmisawvdomobis garda aseve<br />
arsebobs iuridiuli biblioTekebi (ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia<br />
TbilisSi), romelic gamodgeba karg resursad. uzenaesi<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s biblioTekaSi 28 aris farTo da saintereso<br />
literatura da Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetma daasrula<br />
biblioTekis axali Senobis mSenebloba. sakonstitucio<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s aseve aqvs iuridiuli biblioTeka, sadac<br />
xelmisawvdomia, rogorc qarTuli ise ucxouri literatura,<br />
romlis ganaxlebac xdeba periodulad.<br />
rogorc ukve 24-e faqtorSi aRvniSneT, uzenaes <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
aqvs Seqmnili sakuTari gadawyvetilebebis kompiuterul<br />
monacemTa baza, romelsac mosamarTleebi da <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
TanamSromlebi iyeneben. (ixileT: http://www.supremecourt.ge).<br />
28 amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativam<br />
daafinansa wignebis da aRWurvilobis SeZena uzenaesi <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s<br />
biblioTekisaTvis.<br />
sakonstitucio <strong>sasamarTlo</strong> aseve aqveynebs sakuTar gadawyvetilebebs<br />
<strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s vebgverdze. (ixileT http://<br />
www.constcourt.ge) amasTanave qveda instanciis <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>ebi<br />
aseve aqveyneben sakuTar gadawyvetilebebs <strong>sasamarTlo</strong>s vebgverdze.<br />
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