i z o l d a W i l a Z e

i z o l d a W i l a Z e 

finansuri aRricxvis problemuri 

sakiTxebi 

monografia 

gamomcemloba merani 

2009

UDC (uak) 657.312.2 + 658.14/.17 

W _ 462 

avtori: izolda WilaZe, ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori, 

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis 

Tbilis saxelmwifo universitetis 

profesori 

monografiaSi ganxilulia sawarmoTa (kompaniebis) marTvis 

sistemaSi finansuri aRricxvis roli, rogorc maTi resursebis 

arsebobisa da gamoyenebis Sedegebis amsaxveli informaciuli 

sistema. gadmocemulia buRaltruli aRricxvis qvesistemebis: 

finansuri da mmarTvelobiTi aRicxvis miznebi. ganxilulia 

buRaltruli aRricxvis meToduri xerxebi. mocemulia buRaltruli 

aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis zogadi mimoxilva 

da finansuri angariSgebis analizuri mniSvneloba. 

SromaSi ganxiluli sakiTxebi daainteresebs ekonomikisa da 

biznesis mimarTulebis yvela praqtikossa da Teoretikoss. 

redaqtori: profesori marina maisuraZe 

recenzenti: profesori giorgi saxokia 

ISBN 978-9941-0-1667-7 

S i n a a r s i 

Sesavali ................................................................................................. 4 

1. finansuri aRricxva da buRaltruli aRricxvis 

saerTaSoriso standartebi ........................................................ 6 

2. finansuri angariSgebis da aRricxvis saerTaSoriso 

standartebis mokle mimoxilva ................................................ 14 

3. buRaltruli aRricxvis sagani d meTodi .............................. 63 

4. buRaltruli angariSebi da maTi daniSnuleba .................... 71 

5. saaRricxvo ciklis safexurebi ................................................ 75 

6. finansuri angariSgeba, rogorc finansuri 

aRricxvis mizani da misi anlizuri mniSvneloba ............... 78 

daskvna .................................................................................................. 90 

reziume inglisur enaze .................................................................. 92 

Problematical guashons of fi naccial acconing 

C o n t e n t s 

Introduction ..................................................................................................4 

1.Financial accounting and International Accounting Standarts ..................6 

2.International Accounting Standarts .........................................................14 

3.The Obiect of fynancial accounting ........................................................63 

4.The methid of Bookkeeping ....................................................................71 

5.The phases of accounting period .............................................................75 

6.The accounts of Bookkeeping .................................................................78 

Conclussion ................................................................................................90 

Resume ......................................................................................................92 

3

Sesavali 

nebismieri samarTlebrivi formis biznesis mTavari ekonomikuri 

mizania mogebis miReba. am miznis praqtikuli ganxorcielebisaTvis 

aucilebelia biznesis marTva, romelic 

dagegmvisa da kontrolis erTobliobas moicavs, rac saTanado 

informaciis gareSe SeuZlebelia. xolo, dagegmvisa da kontrolisaTvis 

saWiro informaciis udides nawils buRaltruli aRricxva 

amzadebs. 

buRaltruli aRricxva aris informaciuli sistema sawarmo- 

Ta (sawarmos qveS igulisxmeba nebismieri samarTlebrivi formis 

organizacia: Sps, firmebi, saaqcio sazogadoeba, kompaniebi 

da a.S.)gankargulebaSi myofi resursebis arsebobisa da gamoyenebis 

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. sawarmoTa mesakuTreebi, xelmZ- 

Rvanelebi, dasaqmebuli personali, sazogadoeba dainteresebulia 

rom firmebi gamarTulad da efeqtianad muSaobdenen, 

radgan, resursebi amowurvadia da maTi gonivruli gamoyeneba 

mTeli sazogadoebis warmatebis sawindaria. biznesis efeqtiani 

muSaoba dasaqmebis amaRlebis garantiaa da amasTan. saxelmwifo 

biujetis saxsrebis Sevsebis wyaroa. 

sawarmoTa efeqtiani marTvis misaRwevad aucilebelia saTanado 

informacia biznesis yvela mxaris Sesaxeb. buRaltruli 

aRricxva warmoadgenans codnis iseT dargs, romelsac gansakuTrebuli 

roli aqvs sazogadoebaSi. igi aucilebelia yvla 

organizaciisaTvis, romelTac aqvT resuresebi, xarjebi, Semosavlebi 

da mogeba. 

buRaltruli aRricxva aris ekonomikuri xasiaTis informaciis 

miRebis, damuSavebis da gamoyenebis procesi, dasabuTebuli 

Sefasebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis miRebis mizniT. buRaltruli 

aRricxva erTaderTi modelia, romelic iZleva informacias 

sawarmoTa mTeli safinanso ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. 

buRaltrul aRricxvas ricxvebis enaze gadaaqvs sawarmos mTeli 

sawarmoo, komerciuli da finansuri urTierTobebi da maTi 

Sedegebi. 

buRaltruli aRricxvis mizania ara mxolod aRricxos sawarmoTa 

saqmianobaSi momxdari operaciebi, aramed saTanado wesiT 

momzadebuli informacia mis momxmareblebs miawodos. 

sawarmoTa ekonomikuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciiT 

dainteresebuli subieqtebi or jgufad iyofa: informa- 

ciis Sida da gare momxmareblebi. Sesabamisad, buRaltruli aRricxvis 

erTiani sistema finansuri da mmarTvelobiTi aRricvis 

qvesistemebad iyofa. 

mmarTvelobiTi aRricxvis mizania moamzados informacia 

firmis Sida marTvisaTvis, direqtorebisa da menejerebisaTvis. 

es informacia daxuruli tipisaa da gareT ar qveyndeba. 

finansuri aRricxvis mizania moamzados informacia gareT 

gamosaqveyneblad, dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis. informaciis 

gare momxmareblebia: aqcionerebi, investorebi, safinansosakredito 

organizaciebi, krditorebi, myidvelebi, samTavrobo 

organizaciebi da sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi. 

winamdebare monografiaSi Cveni mizania gadmovceT finansuri 

aRricxvis arsi, Teoriuli safuZvlebi da finansuri angariSgebis 

momzadebis meTodika buRaltruli aRricxvis saer- 

TaSoriso standartebis moTxovnebis safuZvelze. 

4 5

w1. finansuri aRricxva da buRaltruli aRricxvis 

saerTaSoriso standartebi 

finansuri aRricxva orientirebulia moamzados sawarmos 

sameureno saqmianobis Sedegebis saerTo ekonomikuri suraTi, 

romelSic sinTezuradaa warmodgenili resursebis gamoyenebis 

Sedegad arsebuli sawarmos momgebianoba da gadaxdisunarianoba. 

finansuri aRricxvis mizania obieqturad asaxos sawarmos Semosavlebi 

da xarjebi, kreditoruli da debitoruli davalianebebi, 

aqtivebi da sakuTari kapitali. es aris informacia, romelic 

sakmarisia mxolod gare damkvirveblisaTvis, raTa maT Seafason 

sawarmos saimedooba gadaxdisunarianobisa da sainvesticio 

garemos TvalsazrisiT. amitom, unda arsebobdes sawarmos safinansoe-konomikur 

maCvenebelTa sistema, romelic sajaro xasiaTis 

iqneba. 

biznesis samyaroSi moqmedi nebismieri subieqti izolirebulad 

verasodes imuSavebs. mas sWirdeba mravalmxrivi safinansoekonomikuri 

urTierTobebis damyareba sxvadasxva firmasTan 

Tu kompaniasTan. imisaTvis rom firmis xelmZRvanelobam miiRos 

gadawyvetileba, daamyaros Tu ara saqmiani urTierToba ama Tu im 

firmasTan, aucilebelia codna imisa, ramdenad gadaxdisunariani 

da momgebiania igi. amitom, yvela iuridiuli piri valdebulia 

gamoaqveynos wliuri finansuri angariSgeba gare momxmareblebisaTvis. 

gamoqveynebuli finansuri angariSgeba unda iyos obieqturi 

da garkveul moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes, raTa SecdomaSi 

ar Seiyvanos informaciis momxmareblebi da ar warmoiSvas 

konfliqtebi sawarmoebs Soris. 

amasTan, saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebis gaRrmavebam 

da transacionaluri korporaciebis warmoqmnis praqtikam, 

dRis wesrigSi daayena sawarmoTa buRaltruli aRricvis 

meTodikis mowesrigeba msoflios masStabiT. msxvili kapitalis 

mflobelebi, romlebic sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebSi axdendnen 

kapitalis investirebas, aRricxvis gansxvavebuli meTodikis 

gamo, xSirad seriozul komfliqtur situaciebSi vardebodnen. 

msgavsi problemebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, 1973 wlis 29 

ivniss, `gaeros~ egidiT Seiqmna buRaltruli aRricxvis saer- 

TaSoriso standartebis komiteti (bassk ) avstraliis, kanadis, 

safrangeTis, germaniis, iaponiis, meqsikis, niderlandebis, gaer- 

Tianebuli samefos, islandiisa da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis 

buRalterTa profesiul organizaciebs Soris SeTanxmebis Sedegad.bassis 

komitets daevala Seeswavla yvela saxelmwifoSi arsebuli 

buRaltruli aRricxvis meTodika da maT Soris yvelaze 

saukeTeso gamoeca rogorc saerTaSoriso standarti (1.3). 

bassis komitets aqvs buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso 

standartebis SemuSavebisa da gamocemis sruli damoukidebloba. 

misi mizania: 

a. sazogadoebis interesebis Sesabamisad SeimuSaos da gamosces 

buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebi, 

romlebic gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas finansuri angariSgebis 

wardgenisas da xeli Seuwyos mis gavrcelebas da danergvas 

msoflios masStabiT; 

b. ZiriTadad imuSaos finansuri angariSgebis SedgenasTan 

dakavSirebuli instruqciebis, buRaltruli aRricxvis standartebisa 

da procedurebis harmonizaciisa da srulyofis 

sakiTxebze. 

bassis komitetis wevrebs TavianT Tavze aRebuli aqvT Semdegi 

valdebulebebi: 

* xeli Seuwyon bassk – is miznebis ganxorcielebas. TavianT 

qveynebSi gamoscen basskis sabWos mier damtkicebuli aRricxvis 

saerTaSoriso standartebi; 

*uzrunvelyon, rom iuridiuli pirebis mier gamoqveynebuli 

finansuri angariSgeba ZiriTadad Seesabamebodes bass – is 

moTxovnebs yvela arsebiT aspeqtSi; 

* daarwmunon mTavrobebi da standartebis SemmuSavebeli organoebi, 

rom gamoqveynebuli finansuri angariSgeba unda Seesabamebodes 

bass-is moTxovnebs; 

* uzrunvelyon, rom auditorebi finansur angariSgebas amowmebdnen 

bassis yvela ZiriTad moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis TvalsazrisiT; 

* xeli Seuwyon buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis 

aRiarebasa da danergvas saerTaSoriso masStabiT. 

amdenad, buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebi 

(bass) aris sawarmoTa funansuri angariSgebis elementebis 

Sefasebisa da aRricxvis meTodika, romelic aRiarebulia 

saerTaSoriso masStabiT. 

buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis mizania 

moaxdinosaRricxvis harmonizacia saerTaSoriso masStabiT. 

bassis komitetma 1975 wels ukve gamosca buRaltruli aR- 

6 7

icxvis ocdaaTamde standarti. masSi periodulad Seitaneba 

cvlilebebi ( 1975, 1982, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2007 ww.). bass-is komitetis 

garda Seiqmna sxva maregulirebeli organoebic. 

2001 wlis 6 Tebervals Seiqmna bassk fondi. misi wesdebis 

Tanaxmad bassk-is saqmianobas warmarTaven ndobiT aRWurvili 

meTvalyureebi (sul cxrameti). isini niSnaven bass sabWos, standartebis 

mrCevelTa sabWos da finansuri angariSgebis interpretaciebis 

saerTaSoriso komitetis wevrebs. ndobiT aRWurvili 

meTvalyureebi axorcieleben bass sabWos mier procedurebis 

dacvis monitorings. 

bassk-is fondis wesdebis mixedviT ndobiT aRWurvili meTvalyureebis 

daniSvna ise xdeba, rom eqvsi meTvalyure iyos 

CrdiloeT amerikidan, eqvsi evropidan, oTxi aziidan da sami 

sxva qveynidan, raTa geografiuli balansi ar dairRves. 

2001 wels londonSi dafuZnda buRaltruli aRricxvis 

saerTaSoriso standartebis sabWo (basss), rogorc bassk 

fondis nawili. basss SemadgenlobaSi Sedis ToTxmeti wevri, 

romelTa erTaderTi movaleobaa buRaltruli aRicxvis maRali 

xarisxis globaluri standartebis paketis SemuSaveba. bass 

sabWoSi Sedis ToTxmeti wevri, romelTa erTaderTi movaleobaa 

aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis SemuSaveba. ndobiT 

aRWurvili meTvalyureebi yovelnairad cdiloben, rom bass 

sabWoSi ar dominirebdes romelime jgufis an regionis interesebi. 

wesdebiT moiTxoveba, rom sabWos minimum xuT wevrs mainc 

unda hqondes praqtikosi auditoris, minimum sam wevrs finansuri 

angariSgebis momzadebis, minimum sam wevrs finansuri 

angariSgebis momxmareblis gamocdileba. xolo, minimum erT 

wevrs samecniero kvleviTi gamocdileba. ToTxmetidan Svidi 

wevri formalurad pasuxismgebelia erTi an ramdenime standartis 

SemmuSaveblebis saqmianobis warmarTvaze. buRaltruli 

aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartis, finansuri angariSgebis 

saerTaSoriso standartis da interpretaciebis saboloo variantis 

gamocemis gadawyvetilebis misaRebad saWiroa bass sabWos 

rva wevris mxardaWera (1.14). 

bass sabWos ufleba aqvs gaauqmos an Secvalos adre miRebuli 

bass da interpretaciebi, aseve, gamosces axali standartebi 

da interpretaciebi. agreTve, bass sabWos imave 2001 wlis dafuZnebis 

sxdomaze miRebul iqna rezolucia, romliTac SemoRebuli 

iqna saxelwodeba `finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso 

standartebi~ (fass), romelic moicavs rogorc bass sabWos 

mier damtkicebul standartebsa da interpretaciebs, aseve wina 

wesdebis Sesabamisad gamocemul bass da interpretaciebis mudmivmoqmedi 

komitetis interpretaciebs. 

bass sabWos wevrebs unda hqondeT Semdegi unarebi: finansuri 

aRricxvisa da angariSgebis kargi da siRrmiseuli codna; analizis 

unari; urTierTobis unari; jansaRi gadawyvetilebebis 

miRebis unari; finansuri angariSgebis garemos gacnobiereba; 

kolegialur atmosferoSi muSaobis unari; miukerZoebloba, 

obieqturoba da disciplina; basskis fondis misiisa da sazogadoebis 

interesebisadmi erTguleba. 

bass mrCevelTa sabWo (sms) uzrunvelyofs sxvadasxva geografiuli 

regionidan sxvadsxva gamocdilebis jgufebisa da 

pirovnebebis mier bass sabWosa da meTvalyureebisaTvis rCevebis 

micemas. standartebis mrCevelTa sabWoSi ormocdaaTamde 

wevria. sabWos miznebia: a). bass sabWos rCevebi misces dRis wesrgis 

sakiTxebisa da saqmianobis prioritetebis Sesaxeb; b). bass 

sabWos acnobos aRniSnuli organizaciebisa da pirovnebebis- 

Sexedulebebi standartebis ZiriTad proeqtebze; g). bass sab- 

Wos da ndobiT aRWurvil meTvalyureebs rCevebi misces sxva 

sakiTxebze. 

standartebis mrCevelTa sabWo weliwadSi samjer atarebs 

sxdomas. man yvela ZiriTad proeqtTan dakavSirebiT konsultaciebi 

unda gamarTos bass sabWosTan. standartebis mrCevelTa 

sabWos sxdomebi sajaroa. 

finansuri angariSgebis interpretaciebis saerTaSoriso 

komiteti (faisk) 2002 wlis martSi daafuZna bassk fondis 

ndobiT aRWurvilma meTvalyureebma da man Secvala adrindeli 

iterpretaciebis komiteti. daxmarebas uwevs bass sabWos finansuri 

angariSgebis momxmareblebis, mommzadeblebis da auditorebis 

interesebisaTvis fass – is SemuSavebasa da gaumjobesebaSi. 

faisk-is movaleobaa droulad uzrunvelyos miTiTebebi 

finansuri angariSgebis im sakiTxebze, romlebic konkretulad 

araa ganxiluli bass sabWos standartebSi an im sakiTxebze, romlebzec 

interpretaciebi arasakmarisi an winaaRmdegobrivia. amdenad, 

faisk xels uwyobs finansuri angariSgebis standartebis 

erTgvarovnad gamoyenebas. 

faisk – is SemadgenlobaSi Sedis Tormeti wevri. aqedan, Tavmjdomares 

ara aqvs xmis ufleba. mas ufleba aqvs mxolod monawileoba 

miiRos teqnikuri sakiTxebis ganxilvaSi. ndobiT aRWurvil 

meTvalyureebs, Tu saWirod CaTvlian, SeuZliaT daniSnon 

8 9

xmis uflebis armqone damkvirveblebi, romlebic mxolod ganxilvebSi 

monawileoben. 

bass sabWo gamoscems faiskis gadawyvetilebebis reziumes 

faiskis yoveli sxdomis damTavrebisTanave. igi qveyndeba bass 

sabWos vebgverdze. 

bass sabWo Tavis miznebs ZiriTadad axorcielebs fassis SemuSavebiTa 

da gamoqveynebiT. fassis SemuSavebis dros bass sab- 

Wo TanamSromlobs erovnuli standartebis SemmuSavebel organoebTan, 

raTa maqsimalur Serwymas miaRwios fassa da erovnul 

standartebs Soris. 

amJamad, finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebi 

(fass) ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. 

I. finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebi 

(fass), romelic xuTi standarts moicavs. 

II. buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebi 

(bass), romelic ormocdaerTamde standarts moicavs. 

fass–i adgens aRiarebis, Sefasebis, wardgenisa da ganmartebiTi 

informaciis asaxvis moTxovnebs, romelic exeba saerTo 

daniSnulebis finansuri angariSgebisaTvis mniSvnelovan operaciebsa 

da movlenebs. aseve, fass-Si zogjer gansazRvrulia 

debulebebi iseTi operaciebisa da movlenebisaTvis, romlebic 

umTavresad ama Tu im dargSi warmoiSoba. fassi gmosadegia komerciuli 

miznebis mqone iuridiuli pirebisaTvis da agreTve 

samTavrobo komerciuli iuridiuli pirebisTvisac. 

bass sabWo zog SemTxvevaSi konkretuli movlenebisa da operaciebisaTvis 

uSvebs gansxvavebuli midgomebis gamoyenebis 

uflebas. erT midgomas `sabaziso meTodi~ da meores _ àlternatiuli 

meTodi~ ewodeba. aRricxvasa da SefasebebSi alternativebis 

arCevanis ufleba sxvadasxava sawarmoTa finansuri angariSgebis 

maCveneblebs araSesadariss xdis. amitom, bass sabWos 

mizania, msgavsi movlenebisa da operaciebis aRricxvisa da angariSgebaSi 

warsadgenad daadginos msgavsi wesebi. Sesabamisad, 

bass sabWos ganzraxuli aqvs ar dauSvas arCevanis SesaZleblobebi 

saaRricxvo midgomebs Soris. aseve. igi xelaxla ganixilavs 

da momavalSic gaagrZlebs im operaciebisa da movlenebisganxilvas, 

romelTaTvisac bass-iT daSvebulia saaRricxvo midgomebis 

arCevanis ufleba, raTAa Seamciros amgvari arCevanis 

SesaZleblobebis ricxvi. 

finansuri angariSgebis interpretaciebis saerTaSoriso 

komiteti amzadebs fass-is interpretaciebs, raTa sawarmoebi 

uzrunvelyos avtoritetuli miTiTebebiT iseT sakiTxebze, 

romlebic azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis 

ararsebobis gamo. 

fass-is SemuSavebis procedurebi moicavs Semdeg etapebs: 

• TanamSromlebs moeTxovebaT mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli 

yvela problemis identifikacia da ganxilva da 

agreTve, bass sabWos `struqturuli safuZvlebis~ gamoyenebis 

ganxilva mocemul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi; 

• erovnuli buRaltruli aRricxvis moTxovnebisa da 

praqtikis ganxilva da erovnuli standartebis SemmuSavebel 

organoebTan problemebze msjeloba; 

• standartebis mrCevelTa sabWosTan konsultacia mocemuli 

sakiTxis bass sabWos dRis wesrigSi Setanis Taobaze; 

• mrCevelTa jgufis Seqmna bass sabWosaTvis mocemul proeqtTan 

dakavSirebiT rCevebis mosamzadeblad; 

• samuSao dokumentis gamoqveyneba sajaro ganxilvisaTvis; 

• bass sabWos minimum rva wevris mier damtkicebuli proeqtis 

gamoqveyneba sajaro ganxilvisaTvis, bass sabWos wevrebis 

gansxvavebul mosazrebebTan erTad; 

• gansaxilveli proeqtis farglebSi daskvnis safuZvlis 

gamoqveyneba; 

• gansaxilvel dokumentebsa da gansaxilvel proeqtebTan 

dakavSirebiT miRebuli komentarebis ganxilva; 

• imis ganxilva, sasurvelia Tu ara sajaro mosmenisa da 

adgilze testirebis Catareba. xolo, Tu amis gakeTeba saWirod 

CaiTvleba, aseTi sajaro ganxilvebis Catareba; 

• standartis damtkiceba bass sabWos minimum rva wevris 

mier da nebismieri gansxvavebuli mosazrebis CarTva standart- 

Si; 

• standartTan erTad daskvnis safuZvlis gamoqveyneba da 

sxva sakiTxTebTan erTad imis axsna, bass sabWos procedurebis 

ra etapebi iqna gavlili da standartebSi rogor aisaxa komentarebi. 

fass-is interpretaciebis SemuSaveba xorcieldeba buRaltrebTan, 

finansur analitikosebTan, finansuri angariSgebis 

gare momxmareblemTan, biznes-sazogadoebebTan, safondo 

birJebTan, maregulirebel da sakanonmdeblo organoebTan, swavlulebTan 

da msoflio masStabiT sxva dainteresebul pirebTan 

da organizaciebTan konsultaciebiT. 

10 11

amrigad, buRaltruli aRricxvis standartebis saer- 

TaSoriso maregulirebeli organoebi sakiTxTa ganxilvis 

demokratiuli principebisa da profesionalizmis maRal 

xarisxis eyrdnoba. 

bass komiteti Tvlis, rom saerTaSoriso moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT 

momzadebuli finansuri angariSgeba pasuxobs 

momxmarebelTa umravlesobis saerTo moTxovnilebebs. es 

gamowveulia imiT, rom finansuri angariSgebis TiTqmis yvela 

momxmarebeli ZiriTadad dainteresebulia Semdegi tipis ekonomikuri 

gadawyvetilebebiT: 

1. gadawyvitos, rodis iyidos, daitovos an gayidos investirebuli 

kapitali; 

2. Seafasos sawarmos xelmZRvanelebis saqminaoba da pasuxismgebloba; 

3. Seafasos, SeuZlia Tu ara sawarmos, uzrunvelyos Tavisi 

muSakebi xelfasebiTa da sxva saxis daxmarebebiT; 

4. Seafasos menejmentis xarisxi da angariSmgebloba; 

5. gansazRvros sagadasaxado politika; 

6. gansazRvros gasanawilebeli mogeba dividendebze; 

7. moamzados da gamoiyenos erovnuli Semosavlis statistika; 

8. daareguliros sawarmos saqmianoba. 

amave dros, bass komiteti aRiarebs, rom bass ar dgas erovnul 

kanonmdeblobaze maRla. calkeuli qveynebis mTavrobebs Sei- 

Zleba hqondeT gansxvavebuli moTxovnebi sakuTari interesebidan 

gamomdinare, ise, rom es cvlilebebi da damatebebi ar 

ewinaaRmdegebodes sazogadoebis romelime jgufis interesebs 

sxva jgufis interesebisaTvis upiratesobebis miniWebis xarjze. 

rogorc aRvniSneT, 2001 wlidan aRricxvis standartebs 

uwodes finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebi 

(fass), romelic ori nawilisagan Sedgeba: 

I. finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebi, 

romelSic Sedis: 

* struqturuli safuZvlebi 

* fass 1_ finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebis 

pirvelad gamoyeneba 

• fass 2 _ wilobrivi gadaxda 

• fass 3 _ sawarmoTa gaerTianeba 

• fass 4 _ sadazRvevo xelSekrulebebi 

• fass 5 _ gasayidad gamiznuli grZelvadiani aqtivebi da 

Sewyvetili operaciebi 

II. buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebi 

(bass), romelSic Sedis: 

• bass 1 _ finansuri angariSgebis wardgena 

• bass 2 _ sasaqonlomaterialuri faseulobebi 

• bass 7 _ fuladi saxsrebis moZraobis angariSgeba 

• bass 8 _ saaRricxvo politika, cvlilebebi saaRricxvo SefasebaSi 

da Secdomebi 

• bass 10 _ balansis Sedgenis Semdgomi TariRis Semdegi movlenebi 

• bass 11 _ samSeneblo kontraqtebi 

• bass 12 _ mogebidan gadasaxadebi 

• bass 14 _ angariSgebis wardgena segmentebis mixedviT 

• bass 16 _ ZiriTadi saSualebebi 

• bass 17 _ ijara 

• bass 18 _ amonagebi 

• bass 19 _ daqiravebul samuSaoTa gasamrjeloebi 

• bass 20 _ saxelmwifo grantebis buRaltruli aRricxva da 

saxelmwifo daxmarebis ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi 

• bass 21 _ ucxouri valutis kursis cvlilebebiT gamowveuli 

Sedegebi 

• bass 22 _ sesxis sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi 

• bass 24 _ dakavSirebul mxareTa ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi 

• bass 26 _ sapensio uzrunvelyofis programebis buRaltruli 

aRricxva da angariSgeba 

• bass 27 _ konsolidirebuli da individualuri finansur 

angariSgeba 

• bass 28 _ investiciebi mekavSire sawarmoebSi 

• bass 29 _ finansuri angariSgeba hiperinflaciuri ekonomikis 

pirobebSi 

• bass 30 _ bankebisa da analogiuri safinanso dawesebulebebis 

finansuri angariSgebis ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi 

• bass 31 _ erTobliv saqmianobaSi monawileoba 

• bass 32 _ finansuri instrumentebi: ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi 

da wardgena 

• bass 33 _ Semosavali aqciaze 

• bass 34 _ Sualeduri finansuri angariSgeba 

• bass 36 _ aqtivebis gaufasureba 

• bass 37 _ anaricxebi, pirobiTi valdebulebebi da pirobiTi 

12 13

aqtivebi 

• bass 38 _ aramaterialuri aqtivebi 

• bass 39 _ finansuri instrumentebi: aRiareba da Sefaseba 

• bass 40 _ sainvesticio qoneba 

• bass 41 _ soflis meurneiba 

standartebis numeraciaSi zodierTi nomeri aRar arsebobs, 

radgan sxvadasxa dros momxdari cvlilebebis Sedegad moxda 

sxvadasxva standartebis gaerTianeba. 

2. finansuri angariSgebisa da aRricxvis 

saerTaSoriso standartebis mokle 

mimoxilva 

finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebis (fass) 

Sesavali standartia `struqtureuli safuZvlebi~, romelic 

danomrili araa. masSi gansazRvrulia gare momxmareb;lebisaTvis 

finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisa da wardgenis koncefciebi. 

bass aRiarebs, rom zogjer SesaZloa warmoiSvas winaaRmdegoba 

bass – sa da struqturul safuZvlebs Soris. aseT SemTxvevaSi 

upiratesoba eniWeba bassis moTxovnebs. bassis komitetis mizania 

amgvari winaarmdegobebi droTa ganmavlobaSi aRmofxvras. 

`struqturul safuZvlebSi~ ganxilulia Semdegi sakiTxebi: 

a. finansuri angariSgebis daniSnuleba 

b. finansuri angariSgebis xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebi 

g. finansuri angariSgebis elementebi da ZiriTadi daSvebebi 

d. kapitalis SenarCunebis koncefciebi 

finansuri angariSgebis mizania sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobis, 

saqmianobis Sedegebis da finansuri mdgomareobis cvlilebebis 

Sesaxeb informacia miawodos momxmarebelTa farTo 

fenebs, raTa daexmaros maT ekonomikuri gadawyvetilebebis 

miRebaSi. 

finansuri angariSgebidan agreTve Cans, xelmZRvanelobis 

mier masze mindobili resursebis marTvis Sedegebi da pasuxismgebloba. 

informaciis im momxmareblebs, romelTac surT 

Seafason menejmentis xarisxi da angariSmgebloba, es informacia 

aucileblad sWirdebaT, raTa miiRon ekonomikuri gadawyvetileba, 

daitovon Tu gayidon sawarmoSi dabandebuli kapi- 

tali, an Secvalon Tu ara sawarmos xelmZRvaneloba. 

finansuri angariSgebis xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebi is 

atributebia, romlebic finansur angariSgebaSi asaxul informacias 

gadaaqcevs momxmareblisaTvis sasargeblo informaciad. 

es maxasiaTeblebia: aRqmadoba, Sesabamisoba (unda iyos arsebiTi 

informacia), Sesadarisoba da saimedooba ( ar unda Seicavdes arsebiT 

Sedomas. unda iyos samarTliani, neitraluri, windaxeduli, 

samarTlebriv formaze ekonomiuri SinaarsiT aRmatebuli). 

finansuri angariSgebis elementebia: aqtivebi, valdebulebebi, 

sakuTari kapitali, Semosavlebi da xarjebi. 

aqtivebi aris sawarmos materialuri, aramaterialuri da 

fuladi qoneba, romelic warsulSi momxdari movlenebis Sedegia 

da romelSic ganivTebulia momavali ekonomikuri sargebeli 

anu, romelTa gsmoyenebis Sedgad mewarme moelis ekonomikuri 

sargeblis miRebas. 

valdebulebebi sawarmos movaleobaa, romelic ganvlili 

sameurneo saqmianobis Sedegia da romlis dafarva iwvevs sawarmodan 

ekonomikuri resursebis gasvlas.. `struqturli safuZvlebi~ 

moiTxovs, erTmaneTisagan gaimijnos mimdinare movaleoba 

da momavali valdebuleba. momavali valdebuleba ar iwvevs 

valdebulebis aRiarebas. 

sakuTari kapitali aris sawarmos aqtivebis is nawili, romelic 

rCeba valdebulebebis dafarvis Semdeg. 

Semosavali aris sawarmos mier ekonomikuri sargeblis zrda 

saangariSgebo periodSi, aqtivebis zrdis an valdebulebebis 

Semcirebis gziT, rac gamoixateba sawarmos sakuTari kapitalis 

gadidebiT, romelic dakavSirebuli araa mesakuTreTa damatebiT 

SenatanebTan. 

xarjebi aris sawarmos ekonomikuri sargeblis Semcireba 

saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi aqtivebis sawarmodan 

gasvlis an valdebulebebis zrdis safuZvelze, rac gamoixateba 

sawarmos sakuTari kapitalis SemcirebiT, romelic dakavSirebuli 

araa mesakuTreTaTvis kapitalis ganawilebasTan. 

xarjebis mocemul gansazRvreba srulyofilad ar migvaCnia, 

radgan ganmartebaSi identificirebuli araa sawarmos Semavali 

da gamvali xarjebi. amasTan, xarjebi ekonomikuri sargeblis 

Semcirebad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos, radgan, xarji aucilebelia 

ekonomikuri sargeblis misaRebad. Tu xarji gaweuli ar iqneba, 

Semosavlis miReba momavalSi SeuZlebelia. Cveni azriT,mxolod 

zarali warmoadgens iseT xarjebs, romlebic iwveven sawarmos 

14 15

ekonomikuri sargeblis Semcirebas. amdenad, vTvliT, rom xarjebi 

aris momavalSi ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis mizniT, 

produqciis warmoebaze (an momsaxureobaze) daxarjuli materialuri, 

SromiTi da fuladi resursebis Rirebulebis 

jami. 

vinaidan, resursebSi ganivTebulia momavali ekonomikuri 

sargebeli, xarjebi am sargeblis miRebis (realizebis) gzaa. 

gaumrTleblad migvaCnia ekonomikuri cnebebis: `zaralisa~ 

da `sawarmos xarjis~ gaigiveba. 

`struqturuli safuZvlebis~ Tanaxmad, finansuri angariSgebis 

elementebi aRiarebul unda iqnes maSin: Tu mosalodnelia 

maTi gamoyenebis Sedegad momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis miRreba 

da maTi saimedo Sefaseba SesaZlebelia. aRiareba gulisxmobs 

buRaltrul balansSi an mogeba-zaralis angariSgebaSi mocemuli 

muxlis sityvier da Tanxobriv asaxvas. 

finansuri angariSgebis ZiriTadi daSvebebia: daricxvis principi 

da warmoebis uwyvetoba (anu funqcionirebadi sawarmo). 

daricxvis meTodis Tanaxmad, sameurneo operaciebis Sedegebisa 

da sxva movlenebis aRiareba xdeba maTi moxdenisTanave, 

miuxedavad imisa miRebulia an gadaxdilia Tu ara fuli an misi 

ekvivalentebi. maSasadame, finansur angariSgebaSi mocemulia 

ara mxolod ukve ganaRdebuli, aramed momavalSi gasanaRdebeli 

valdebulebebi da moTxovnebi. 

funqcionirebadi sawamos anu warmoebis uwyvetobis principi 

gulisxmobs, rom sawarmo funqcionirebs da saqmianobas 

gaagrZelebs momavalSic. Tu sawarmos saqmianobis Sewyvetaa 

mosalodneli, maSin finansuri angariSgeba unda momzaddes Sefasebebis 

sxva safuZvelze. 

standartSi aRniSnulia, rom finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas 

sawarmoTa umravlesoba iyenebs kapitalis finansuri 

SenarCunebis koncefcias. am koncefciis Tanxmad, kapitali 

rogorc investirebuli fuli an investirebuli msyidvelobiTi 

unari, gaigivebulia sawarmos neto aqtivebTan. kapitalis 

fizikuri koncefciis mixedviT ki, kapitali rogorc sawarmos 

saoperacio simZlavre, ganixileba sawarmos mwarmoeblurobis 

saxiT, romelic ganisazRvreba magaliTad, produqciis dRiuri 

gamomuSavebiT. 

kapitalis funansuri SenarCunebis koncefciis Tanxmad, 

sawarmos mier mogebis aRiareba xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, 

rodesac wminda aqtivebis fuladi Rirebuleba saangariSgebo 

periodis bolos, aRemateba wminda aqtivebis fulad Rirebulebas 

saangariSgebo periodis dasawyisiaTvis, romelic rCeba 

mocemul periodSi kapitalis yovelnairi gadanawilebisa da 

mesakuTreTa mier ganxorcielebiuli yovelgvari damatebiTi 

SenatanebisgamoqviTvis Semdeg. finansuri kapitalis SenarCuneba 

izomeba nominalur fulad erTeulebSi an mudmivi msyidvelobiTi 

unarianobiT. 

kapitalis fizikuri SenarCunebis koncefciis Tanxmad, 

sawarmos mier mogebis aRiareba xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, 

rodesac saangariSgebo periodis bolos sawarmos fizikuri 

mwarmoebluroba (an mimdinare simZlavre) aRemateba sawarmos 

mwarmoeblurobas saangariSgebo peridos dasawyisSi, romelic 

rCeba mocemul periodSi kapitalis yovelnairi gadanawilebisa 

da mesakuTreTa mier ganxorcielebuli yovelgvari damatebiTi 

Senatanebis gamoqviTvis Sedegad (muxli 104). 

Cveni azriT, sawarmos finansur angariSgebaSi orive koncefciaa 

asaxuli. buRaltrul balansSi asaxulia kapitalis 

finansuri SenarCunebis, mogeba-zaralis angariSgebaSi ki, 

fizikuri SenarCunebis koncefcia. ase rom, an erT an meore 

midgomas calk calke ver gamovyobT. am or koncefcias Soris 

arsebobs kavSiri da izolirebulad ar arseboben. 

fass 1 _ finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebis 

pirvelad gamoyeneba _ aregulirebssakiTxebs, roca 

sawarmo pirvelad gadadis fass-is gamoyenebaze. am standartis 

Tanaxmad, sawarmom, romelic amzadebs fass-is safuZvelze finansuri 

aRricxvis sawyis bazas, unda gaiTvaliswinos: 

• aRiaros yvela aqtivi da valdebuleba romelTa aRiarebac 

moiTxoveba fassiT; 

• ar aRiaros aqtivebad da valdebulebebad muxlebi, Tu fassiT 

ar daiSveba maTi gamoyeneba; 

• moaxdinos iseTi muxlebis xelaxali klasificireba, 

romelsac aRricxvis adrindeli saerTaSoriso standarti aRiarebda, 

rogorc erTi saxis aqtivis, valdebulebebis an saku- 

Tari kapitalis komponents. 

• fass gamoiyenos yvela aRiarebuli aqtivisa da valdebulebis 

Sesafaseblad. 

es standarti moiTxovs, rom sawarmom fass-ze gadasvlis 

TariRisaTvis unda moamzados Sesabamisi pirveli balansi, romelic 

aris fass-is Sesabamisi aRricxvis amosavali baza. 

sawarmom erTi da igive saaRricxvo politika unda gamoiye- 

16 17

nos Tavis Tavdapirvel fass-is Sesabamis balansSi da pirvel finansur 

angariSgebaSi warmodgenili yvela periodisaTvis. amas- 

Tan, sawarmom unda gamoiyenos fass-is axali versia da misi yvela 

aucilebeli moTxovna. Sesabamisad, moaxdens Zveli da axali 

moTxovnebis mixedviT Sefasebuli muxlebis Sejerebis cxrils. 

standarts Tan erTvis praqtikuli gamoTvlebis nimuSebi. 

fass 2 _ wilobrivi gadaxda _ Seexeba sawarmos mier Tavis 

angariSgebaSi wilobrivi gadaxdebis operaciebis aRricxvis 

meTodikas. rogorc cnobilia, sawarmoebi Tavis TanamSromlebs 

an sxva mxareebs Cuqnian aqciebs an gamoscems maT momwodebelTa 

valdebulebebis dafaris mizniT. 

fass 2 _ ayalibebs Sefasebis principebs da gansakuTrebul 

moTxovnebs wilobrivi gadaxdis sami tipis operaciisaTvis: 

1. kapitaliT gansazRvruli wilobrivi gadaxdis operaciebi, 

romlebiTac sawarmo produqcias an momsaxurebas iRebs, 

rogorc kompesacias sawarmos wilobrivi instrumentisaTvis 

(aqciebisa da aqciebis opcionebis CaTvliT). fass 2 ganmartavs, 

rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi, sawarmom miRebuli produqcia 

an momsaxureba da masTan dakavSirebuli kapitalis zrda unda 

Seafasos miRebuli produqciis realuri RirebulebiT, garda 

im SemTxvevisa, roca miRebuli aqtivis realuri Rirebulebis 

saomedod Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. aseT SemTxvevaSi sawarmos 

moeTxoveba Seafasos maTi Rirebuleba da Sesabamisi kapitalis 

zrda arapirdapir, gadacemuli wilobrivi instrumentis realuri 

Rirebulebis mixedviT. 

2. fuliT gansazRvruli wilobrivi gadaxdis operaciebi, 

romlebiTac sawarmo SeiZens produqcias an momsaxurebas, 

maTi momwodeblebisadmi valdebulebis warmoSobiT im 

odenobiT, romelic eyrdnoba sawarmos aqtivebis an sawarmos 

sxva wilobrivi instrumentis fass an Rirebulebas. mocemul 

SemTxvevaSi,sawarmom miRebuli produqcia da warmoSobili valdebuleba 

unda Seafasos realuri RirebulebiT. valdebulebis 

dafarvamde sawarmom xelaxla unda Seafasos valdebuleba 

yoveli saangariSgebo TariRisa da gadaxdis TariRisaTvis da 

nebismieri cvlileba asaxos am periodis mogebazaralSi. 

3. operaciebi, romlebiTac sawarmo produqcias an momsaxurebas 

iRebs an iZens da xelSekrulebis pirobebi uzrunvelyofs 

sawarmos an am produqciis (an momsaxurebis) momwodebels, 

operaciis gadaxdis arCevaniT – fuliT an wilobrivi 

instrumentisgamocemiT. am SemTxvevaSi sawarmos moeTxoveba 

am operaciis aRricxva rogorc fuliT gansazRvruli wilobrivi 

gadaxdis operaciisa. 

standartis ganmartebiT wilobrivi instrumenti aris 

xelSekruleba, romelic adasturebs sawarmos aqtivebis darCenil 

wils, yvela misi valdebulebis dafarvis Semdeg. 

standarts Tan axlavs interpretaciebi da daskvnebis 

safuZveli. motanilia miTiTebebi danergvaze da sailustracio 

magaliTebi 

fass 3 _ sawarmoTa gaerTianeba _ mTavari moTxovnebia: 

• sawarmoTa yvela gaerTianebis buRalltruli aRricxva 

unda moxdes SeZenis meTodis gamoyenebiT. 

• daSvebuli aRaraa wilebis gaerTianebis meTodi; 

• unda ganisazRvros myidveli sawarmo sawarmoTa gaerTianebaSi, 

missave farglebSi. myidveli aris gaerTianebaSi Semavali 

sameurneo erTeuli, romelic moipovebs kontrols sxva gaer- 

Tianebul sameureno erTeulebze an sawarmoebze; 

• myidvelma sawarmom gaerTianebis Rirebuleba unda Seafasos 

rogorc, SeZenil sawarmoze kontrolis mopovebis sanacvlod 

gamoSvebuli wilobrivi instrumentebis realuri Rirebulebebis 

erToblioba, gacvlis TariRisaTvis, damatebuli 

sawarmoTa gaerTianebasTan uSualod dakavSirebuli nebismieri 

danaxarjebi; 

• myidvelma sawarmom SeZenis TariRiT calke unda aRiaros 

SeZenili sawarmos identificirebadi aqtivebi, valdebulebebi 

da pirobiTi valdebulebebi, romlebic akmayofileben aRiarebis 

kriteriumebs. 

• sawarmoTa gaerTianebaSi SeZenili gudvili myidvelma 

sawarmom SeZenis dRidan unda aRiaros SeZenis aqtivis saxiT; 

• akrZalulia sawarmoTa gaerTianebaSi SeZenili gudvilis 

amortizacia da sanacvlod moiTxoveba gudvilis yovelwliuri 

Semowmeba gaufasurebis TvalsazrisiT, bass 36 _ àqtivebis 

gaufasureba~ _ Sesabamisad, Tu Secvlili garemoebebi mianiSnebs, 

rom aqtivi SeiZleba gaufasurebuli iyos. 

fass 3 ganmartavs, rom gudvili aris momavali ekonomikuri 

sargebeli, romelic warmoiSoba iseTi aqtivebidan, romlebic 

individualurad ver ganisazRvreba da verc calke iqneba aRiarebuli. 

satandarts Tan axlavs sailustracio magaliTebi sawarmoTa 

gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb. 

fass 4 _ sadazRvevo xelSekrulebebi _ mocemuli stand- 

18 19

arti pirvelad exeba sadazrvevo xelSekrulebebs. sadazRvevo 

xelSekrulebebis aRricxvis praqtika sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi 

sxvadasxvanairi iyo. winamdebare standarti warmoadgens standartebis 

sabWos muSaobis meore fazaze gardamaval safexurs. 

standartis mizania xeli Seuwyos sadazRvevo xelSekrulebebis 

buRaltruli aRricxvis gaumjobesebas da angariSgebaSi 

informaciis gaSuqebas. 

standartSi gamoyenebulia Semdegi terminebi: 

mzRveveli _ mxare, romelsac sadazRvevo xelSekrulebis 

Tanaxmad aqvs valdebuleba, kompesacia gadauxados polisis 

mflobels, Tu moxdeba sadazRvevo SemTxveva. 

sadazRvevo xelSekruleba _ SeTanxmeba, romlis mixedviT 

erTi mxare (mzRveveli) Tavis Tavze iRebs meore mxaris (polisis 

mflobelis) mniSvnelovan sadazRvevo risks, SeTanxmebis 

Tanaxmad, kompesacia gadauxados polisis mflobels, Tu esa Tu 

is konkretuli ganusazRvreli movlena (sadazRvevo SemTxveva) 

uaryofiTaT imoqmedebs polisis mflobelze. 

sadazRvevo valdebuleba _ mzRvevelis neto saxelSekrulebo 

valdebulebebi, sadazRvevo xelSekrulebis mixedviT. 

sadazRvevo SemTxveva _ momavali ganusazRvreli movlena, 

romelsac moicavs sadazRvevo xelSekruleba da romelic warmoqmnis 

sadazRvevo risks. 

sadazRvevo riski _ riski, finansuri riskis garda, romelic 

xelSekrulebis mflobelisagan gadaecema xelSekrilebis gamcems. 

sadazRvevo aqtivi _ mzRvevelis neto saxelSekrulebo 

uflebebi sadazRvevo xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad. 

gadamzRvevi _ gadazRvevis xelSekrulebis polisis mflobeli. 

piri, romelsac gadazRvebis xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad 

aqvs valdebuleba, kompesacia gaduxados gadazRvevis polisis 

mflobels, Tu moxdeba sadazRvevo SemTxveva. 

gadazRvevis xelSekruleba _ aris xelSekruleba, romelic 

gasca erTma mzRvevelma(gadamzRvevelma), raTa meore mzRvevels 

(gadazRvevis polisis mflobels), aunazRauros gadazRvevis 

polisis mflobelis mier gacemuli erTi an meti xelSekrulebis 

zarali. 

gadazRveuli aqtivebi _ gadazRvevis polisis mflobelis 

neto saxelSekrulebo uflebebi, gadazRvevis xelSekrulebis 

Sesabamisad. 

mocemuli standarti gamoiyeneba yvela sadazRvevo xelSek- 

rulebisaTvis (maT Soris gadazRevis xelSekrulebebisTvisac), 

romelsac sameurneo subieqti gascems da gadazRvevis xelSekrulebebisTvisac, 

romelsac flobs, konkretuli xelSekrulebebis 

garda, romelsac sxva standarti moicavs. igi ar gamoiyeneba 

mzRvevelis sxva aqtivebisa da valdebulebebisaTvis, 

rogoricaa finansuri aqtivebi da finansuri valdebulebebi 

bass 39is _ `finansuri instrumentebi: aRiareba da Sefaseba~ _ 

moqmedebis sferodan. garda amisa, mocemuli standarti ar exeba 

polisis mflobelTa buRaltruli aRricxvis sakiTxebs. 

standartSi CamoTvlilia magaliTebi, romelbic maSin iqneba 

sadazRvevo xelSekrulebebi, Tu sadazRvevo riskis gadacema 

mniSvnelovani iqneba. kerZod: 

• qonebis dazRveva qurdobisagan an dazianebisagan; 

• dazRveva produqciis valdebulebisagan, profesiuli valdebulebebisagan, 

moqalaqeobrivi valdebulebisagan da iuridiuli 

xarjebisagan. 

• sicocxlis dazRveva; 

• mudmivi pirobiTi aniutetebi (rentis mimRebi) da pensiebi; 

• Sromisuunaroba da samedicino daxmareba; 

• sxvadasxva saxis sagarantio valdebulebebi. 

• kreditis dazRveva, daxmareba mogzaurobis dros da sxva. 

standarti ar aregulirebs polisis mflobelebis buRaltrul 

aRricxvas, vianaidan bass sabWos es sakiTxi ar miaCnia 

proiritetulad pirvel fazaze. 

standarti ganmartavs, rom mzRvevelma unda ganmartos 

sadazRvevo xelSekrulebebidan warmoSobili aqtivebi, valdebulebebi, 

Semosavali da xarji. 

standartis moTxovniT, mzRvevlma yoveli saangariSgebo 

TariRisaTvis unda Seafasos, adekvaturia Tu ara misi, aRiarebuli 

sadazRvevo valdebulebebi, risTvisac iyenebs Tavisi 

sadazRvevo xelSekrulebebiT gaTvaliswinebuli momavali 

fuladi nakadebis mimdinare Sefasebebs. Tu aRniSnuli Sefasebebidan 

Cans, rom mzRvevelis sadazRvevo valdebulebebis sabalanso 

Rirebuleba adekvaturi ar aris Sefasebuli momavali 

fuladi nakadebis fonze, mTeli deficituri Tanxa aRiardeba 

mogebasa da zaralSi (muxli 15). aseve, gadazRveuli aqtivebisaTvis 

mzRvevlma unda gamoiyenos bass 36 _ àqtivebis gaufasureba~. 

amrigad, fass 4 – is mizania garkveul CarCoebSi moaqcois im 

sameurneo subieqtebis sadazRvevo xelSekrulebebis finansuri 

20 21

angariSgeba, romlebic gamoscemen amgvar xelSekrulebebs (anu 

mzRvevi), sanam standartebis sabWo daamTavrebs sadazRvevo 

xelSekrulebebis Sesaxeb Tavis proeqtis SemuSavebis meore fazas. 

fass 5 _ `gasayidad gamiznuli grZelvadiani aqtivebi da 

Sewyvetili operaciebi~ _ gansazRvravs gasayidi grZelvadiani 

aqtivebis klasifikaciis, Sefasebis da wardgenis pirobebs 

da cvlis bass _ 35 – s `Sewyvetili operaciebi~. 

gamomdinare iqedan, rom bass sabWos umTavres mizans warmoadgens 

buRaltruli aRricxvis meTodebis (standartebis) 

konvergencia (harmonizacia) saerTasoriso masStabiT, fass – 5 

damuSavda aSS finansuri aRricxvis sayovelTaod aRiarebul 

principebsa (US GAAP) da fass principebs Soris gansxvavebebis 

Semcirebis mizniT. 

2001 wels aSS finansuri aRricxvis standartebis sabWos mier 

gamocemuli iqna standarti # 144 _ `grZelvadiani aqtivebis gaufasurebisan 

gayidvis buRaltruli aRrixva~ (fas), romelic 

sam sferos moicavs: a). mfloblobaSi dasatovebeli da gamosayenebili 

grZlevadiani aqtivebis gaufasureba, b). gasayidad 

gamiznuli grZelvadiani aqtivebis klasifikacia, Sefaseba da 

wardgena, g). Sewyvetili operaciebis klasifikacia da wardgena. 

am standartsa da fass- s Soris ZiriTadad SeTanxmeba moxda 

gasayidad gamiznuli aqtivebisa da Sewyvetili operaciebis 

wardgenis sakiTxSi. 

fass _ 5 moiTxovs: 

a). aqtivebi, romelic pasuxobs kriteriumebs, romlis mixedviTac 

SesaZloa maTi klasificireba, rogorc gasayidad gamiznuli, 

unda Sefasdes sabalanso Rirebulebasa da realur Rirebulebas 

Soris (gayidvis danaxarjebis gamoklebiT) umciresi 

RirebulebiT; 

b). aqtivebi, romelic pasuxobs kriteriumebs, romlis mixedviTac 

SesaZloa maTi klasificireba, rogorc gasayidad gamiznuli, 

calke unda iyos warmodgenili balansSi. xolo Sewyvetili 

operaciebis Sedegebi calke _ mogebazaralis angariSgebaSi. 

fass 5 – is wesebi vrceldeba yvela AaRiarebul grZelvadian 

aqtivze (grZelvadiania aqtivi, romelic moicavs Tanxas, romlis 

amoReba moxdeba balansis Sedgenis TariRidan 12 Tvis Semdeg) 

da sawarmos yvela salikvidacio jgufze, garda aqtivebisa, 

romelTac Seexeba Semdegi standartebi: bass 12 `mogebidan ga- 

dasaxadebi~, bass 19 _ `momuSaveTa gasamrjeloebi~, bass 39 _ 

`finansuri instrumentebi~, bass 40 _ `sainvesticio qoneba~, 

bass 41 _ `soflis meurneoba~,fass 4 _ `sadazRvevo xelSekrulebebi~. 

grZelvadiani aqtivi, romelic klasificirebulia rogorc 

gasayidad gamiznuli (an salikvidacio jgufi) ar SeiZleba klasificirebul 

iqnas mimdinare aqtivebad. Tu sawarmo likvidaciis 

procesSi uSvebs aqtivebis jgufs, maSin fass –is Sefasebebi 

vrceldeba mTlian jgufze. 

sawarmo grZelvadian aqtivs (an salikvidacio jgufs) miani- 

Webs gasayidad gamiznulis kalifikacias, Tu misi sabalanso Rirebuleba 

amoRebuli iqneba grZelvadiani gamoyenebidan da ara 

gayidvis garigebidan. 

amisaTvis, SesaZlebeli unda iyos aqtivis (an salikvidacio 

jgufis) dauyovnebeli gayidvaarsebul mdgomareobaSi da misi 

gayidva Zalian sarwmuno unda iyos. 

imisaTvis, rom gayidva Zalze sarwmuno iyos, xelmZRvanelobis 

mier SemuSavebuli unda iyos myidvelis moZebnisa da gegmis 

bolomde miyvanis aqtiuri programa. amasTan, unda moxdes aqtivis 

gayidvaze mimarTuli marketingi, im fasad, romelic Seesabameba 

mis realur Rirebulebas. garda amisa, gayidvis operaciis 

dasruleba erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi unda mTavrdebodes, ise rom 

gegmis gauqmeba mosalodneli ar unda iyos. SesaZloa gayidvis 

procesi erT welze met xans gagrZeldes, magram igi klasificirebuli 

iqnes mainc rogoc gasayidad gamiznuli, Tu es moxda 

sawarmoze damoukidebeli faqtorebiT da xelmZRvanelobas ar 

Seucvlia gadawyvetileba aqtivis gayidvis Sesaxe. 

rodesac sawarmo grZelvadian aqtivs (an salikvidacio 

jgufs) iZens konkretulad Semdgomi gayidvis mizniT, maSin, misi 

Sesyidvis dRidan klasificirebul unda iqnas, rogorc gasayidad 

gamiznuli. 

sawarmom ar unda moaxdinos gasauqmebeli grZelvadiani aqtivis 

klasificireba, rogorc gasayidad gamiznuli. gamoyenebidan 

droebiT amoRebuli grZelvadiani aqtivi ar unda aRiricxos 

rogorc gauqmebuli. 

sawarmo aRiarebs aqtivis (an salikvidacio jgufis) gaufasurebis 

zarals yoveli Tavdapirveli an Semdgomi Camoweris 

dros realur Rirebulebas gamoklebul gayidvis danaxarjebamde. 

realuri Rirebulebis zrdis SemTxvevaSi sawarmom 

unda aRiaros Semosuloba ara umetes jamuri gaufasurebis 

22 23

zaralisa,romelic ukve aRiarebuli iyo an am standartis an 

bass 36 – is mixedviT. 

sawarmo cveTas ar daaricxavs grZlvadian aqtivebs, sanam igi 

klasificirebulia, rogorc gasayidad gamiznuli. xolo, procentisa 

da sxva xarjebis aRiareba unda gagrZeldes. 

sawarmom gasayidad gamiznuli klasificirebuli grZelvadiani 

aqtivi an salikvidacio jgufi balansSi unda waradginos 

sxva aqtivebisagan gancalkavebulad. 

standartis mixedviT Sewyvetili operacia aris sawarmos 

komponenti, romelic gaiyida an klasificirebulia rogorc 

gasayidad gamiznuli da warmoadgens sawarmos gancalkavebul 

ZiriTad saqmian areals an aris gayidvis mizniT SeZenili Svilobili 

kompania. 

gamoyenebis Rirebuleba aris momavali filadi nakadebis 

mimdinare diskontirebuli Rirebuleba, romlis warmoqmna mosalodnelia 

aqtivis uwyveti gamoyenebidan da misi sasargeblo 

momsaxurebis vadis dasrlebisas gayidvidan. 

standarts Tan erTvis danarTi da daskvnebis safuZvlebi. 

bass 1 _ finansuri angariSgebis wardgena _ gansazRvravs 

firmebis saerTo daniSnulebis finansuri angariSgebis wardgenis 

ZiriTad safuZvlebs, rac uzrunvelyofs rogorc calkeuli 

sawarmos wina wlebis finansuri angariSgebis , aseve sxvadasxva 

sawarmoTa finansuri angariSgebis Sesadarisobas.. am mizmiT 

standarTSi ganxilulia meToduri miTiTebebi finansuri angariSgebis 

struqturisa da Sinaarsis minimaluri moTxovnebis 

Sesaxeb. 

finansuri angariSgeba aris sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobis 

da misi saqmianobis finansuri Sedegebis struqturulad 

Camoyalibebuli suraTi. 

standarti gansazRvravs finansuri angariSgebis Semadgenlebs 

anu komponentebs, elemnetebsa da xarisxobriv maxasiaTeblebs 

raTa igi iyos saimedo da am informaciis gare momxmarbelebs 

daexmaron swori gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi: daamyeron 

Tu ara saqmiani urTierToba erTmaneTTan. 

finansuri angariSgebis komponentebia: 

• buRaltruli balansi; 

• mogebazaralis angriSgeba; 

• fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba; 

• angariSgeba sakuTar kapitalSi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb; 

• ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi. 

finansuri angariSgebis elementebi: aqtivebi, sakuTari 

kapitali, valdebulebebi, Semosavlebi da xarjebi. CamoTvlili 

agregireuli maCveneblebi isea angariSgebaSi gadmocemuli, rom 

maT safuZvleze Catarebuli analiziT SeiZleba informaciis 

momxmarebelma gaakeTos daskvna mocemuli sawarmos gadaxdisunarianobisa 

da momgebianobis Sesaxeb. 

vinaidan finansuri angariSgeba upirvelesad gare momxmareblebisaTvis 

aris gamiznuli, igi garkveul saerTo moTxovnebs 

unda akmayofilebdes, raTa informaciis momxmareblebma swori 

gadawyvetilebebi miiRon. amitom, standarti gansazRvravs 

aucilebel xarisxobriv maxasiaTeblebs, romelic yvela sawarmom 

unda daicvas. esenia; aRqmadoba, Sesabamisoba (arsebiToba), 

Sesadarisoba da saimedooba (sruli, obieqturi, windaxeduli, 

neitrauri, drouli, SinaarsiT formaze aRmatebuli). 

standartSi aRniSnulia, rom finansuri angariSgebis momzadebis 

dros sawarmoebi unda daeyrdnon or ZiriTad daSvebas: 

daricxvis princips da warmoebis uwyvetobis princips. 

daricxvis meTodiT, aqtivebis, valdebulebebis, Semosavlerbisa 

da xarjebis aRiareba xdeba maSin, roca isini daakmayofileben 

struqturul safuZvlebSi mocemul ganmartebebsa da 

aRiarebis kriteriumebs. 

warmoebis uwyvetobis anu funqcionirebadi sawarmos 

principi moiTxovs, rom finansuri angariSgebis momzadebis 

procesSi sawarmos xelmZRvanelobam unda Seafasos, aqvs Tu ara 

sawarmos saqmianobis gagrZelebis unari. 

standarti gansazRvrav, rom buRaltrul balansSi aqtivebi 

warmodgenil unda iqnas mimdinare da grZelvadiani aqtivebis 

saxiT. 

finansur angariSgebaSi yvela arsebiTi muxli wardgenili 

unda iqnes gancalkavebulad. araarsebiTi muxlebi unda gaer- 

Tiandes funqciuri daniSnulebis an ekonomikuri Sinaarsis 

mixedviT da saWiro araa maTi calkcalke wardgena. 

balansSi agreTve calke unda iqnes wardgenili gasayidad gamiznulida 

salikvidacio jgufebSi CarTuli aqtivebis Rirebuleba 

fass 5 –is moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. 

mogebazaralis angariSgebaSi CarTuli unda iyos amave periodis 

Semosavlebisa da xarjebis yvela muxli, Tu romelime 

standartiT an interpretaciiT sxva ram ar moiTxoveba. agreTve 

asaxuli unda iqnas umciresobis wilze misakuTvnebeli mogeba 

an zarali da saTao sawarmos mflobelebze gasanawilebeli mo- 

24 25

geba an zarali. 

agreTve, gansakuTrebuli Semosavlis an xarjis saxiT ar unda 

iyos wardgenili muxlebi. 

aseTi moTxovna axal cvlilebebamde ar arsebobda. Cven ar 

migvaCnia marTebulad es cvlileba, radgan gansakuTrebul 

xarjebSi zogjer SieZleba didi odenobis jarimis xarjebic 

iyos, rac informaciis momxmareblisaTvis sainteresos warmoadgens. 

standartiT, sawarmom xarjebis klasifikacia unda moaxdinos 

maTi funqciuri daniSnulebis an ekonomikuri Sinaarsis 

mixedviT. warmoebis seqtoris sawarmoebma ( mrewveloba, soflis 

meurneoba, mSenebloba)unda gamoiyenon ekonomikri elementebis 

mixedviT xarjebis dajgufeba. momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebma 

ki SeiZleba xarjebi daajgufon maTi funqciuri daniSnulebis 

mixedviT. Tu samrewvelo tipis sawarmoebi airCeven 

mogebazaralis angariSgebis wardgenas danaxarjTa funqciuri 

daniSnulebis meTodis safuZvelze, maSin ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi 

unda gaxsnan informacia danaxarjTa elementebis ( masalis 

xarji, SromiTi xarji, cveTis xarji) Sesaxeb. 

angariSgeba sakuTar kapitalSi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb _ 

unda Seicavdes Semdegi saxis informacias:saaqcio kaitalis 

sawyisi naSTi, rezervebi, gaunawilebeli mogeba, fuladi nakadebis 

hejireba, aqciebis gamoSveba, ukan gamosyiduli saku- 

Tari aqciebi, ucxouri qvedanayofis gadaangariSebiT warmoSobili 

sakurso sxvaobebi, sakuTar kapitalSi aRiarebuli wminda 

mogeba, dividendebi da saaqcio kapitalis saboloo naSTi. 

angariSgeba fuladi nakadebis Sesaxeb ganxilulia meSvide 

standartSi. 

finansuri angariSgebis ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi sawarmom 

unda asaxos Semdegi informacia: 

• finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisaTvis arCeuli saaRricxvo 

politika; 

• fass-is moTxovnebiT gaTvaliswinebuli ganmartebiTi informacia, 

romelic uSualod ar aris wardgenili finansur angariSgebaSi; 

• damatebiTi informacia, romelic asaxuli ar aris uSualod 

finansur angariSgebaSi, magram aucilebelia sawarmos Sesaxeb 

informaciis samarTliani wardgenisaTvis. 

bass 2 _ sasaqonlomaterialuri faseulobebi _ adgens 

sasaqonlo materialuri faseulobebis aRricxvis wess. erTer- 

Ti mniSvnelovani sakiTxia materialuri maragebis TviTRirebulebis 

gansazRvra. sasaqonlo materialuri faseulobebi rogorc 

aqtivi, aRiricxeba manam, sanam cnobili ar gaxdeba masTan 

dakavSirebuli Semosavlebis miReba. standartSi aRwerilia sasaqonlomaterialuri 

faseulobebis TviTRirebulebis gansaz- 

Rvrisa da misi, Semdgom xarjebad aRiarebis, agreTve neto 

sarealizacio Rirebulebamde Camoweris praqtikuli rekomendaciebi. 

standartSi mocemulia agreTve sasaqonlo materialuri 

faseulobebis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvris wesebi. 

standarti Seexeba yvela saxis sasaqonlomaterilaur faseulobebis 

aRricxvis sakiTxebs, garda daumTavrebeli mSeneblobisa, 

finansuri instrumentebisa da soflis meurneobis 

produqciasTan dakavSirebuli biologiuri aqtivebisa. 

bass 7 _ fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba _ mzaddeba sakaso 

prinipis safuZvelze. masSi fuladi nakadebi dajgufebulia 

saoperacio, sainvesticio da safinanso saqmianobis Sesabamisad. 

fuladi nakadebi niSnavs sawarnoSi fuladi saxsrebisa da 

maTi ekvivalentebis Semosvlasa da gasvlas. 

fulad saxsrebSi igulisxmeba naRdi fuli da depozitebi 

moTxovnamde. 

fuladi saxsrebis ekvivalentebi aris moklevadiani, maRallikviduri 

investiciebi, romlebic daubrkoleblad gadaicvleba 

naRdi fulis winaswar cnobil odenobaze da maTi Rirebulebis 

Secvlis riski umniSvneloa. 

saoperacio saqmianoba aris sawamos ZiriTadi 

(maprofilebeli)da masTan dakavSirebuli saqmianoba, rogoricaa: 

• saqonlis gayidvidan da momsaxurebis gawevidan miRebuli 

fuladi saxsrebi; 

• roialtebidan, honorarebiddan, sakomisio gadasaxdelebidan 

sxva Semosavlebidan miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi; 

• saqonlisa da momsaxurebis momwodeblebisaTvis gadaxdili 

fuladi saxsrebi; 

• TanamSromlebisaTvis da maTi saxeliT gadaxdili fuladi 

saxsrebi; 

• sadazRvevo sawarmoebisaTvis sadazRvevo premiebiTa da 

pretenziebiT, anuitetebiTa da sxva sadazRvevo daxmarebebiT 

miRebuli da gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi; 

• mogebis gadasaxadze gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi; 

26 27

• komerciuli garigebebisa da savaWro mizniT dadebuli kontraqtebiT 

miRebuli da gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi (1.628). 

sainvesticio saqmianoba aris grZelvadiani aqtivebis da im 

sxva investiciaTa SeZena da realizacia, romelsac ar moicavs 

fuladi saxsrebis ekvivalentebi. rogoricaa: 

• ZiriTadi saSulebebis, aramaterialuri da sva aramaterialuri 

aqtivebis SesaZenad gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi. masSi Sedis 

agreTve samecnierokvleviT samuSaoebze gaweuli kapitalizebuli 

danaxarjebi da sakuTari warmoebis ZiriTadi saSualebebi; 

• zedmeti ZiriTadi saSualebebis, aramaterialuri aqtivebisa 

da sxva grZelvadiani aqtivebis realizaciidan miRebuli fuladi 

saxsrebi; 

• sxva sawarmoebis sakuTari kapitalis an sasesxo instrumentebisda 

erToblivi saqmianobis wilis SesaZenad gadaxdili 

fuladi saxsrebi (im miRebebis garda, rodesac amgavari instrumentebi 

iTvleba fuladi saxsrebis ekvivalentebad an SeZenili 

iyo komerciuli garigebisa da savaWro mizniT); 

• sxva pirebze avansad da sesxad gacemuli da maT dasafarad 

miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi (garda safinanso dawesebulebebis 

mier gacemebisa); 

• fiuCersuli, forvarduli, saopcio da svoplontraqtebiT 

gadaxdili da miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi, im SemTxvevebis garda, 

rodesac kontraqtebi SeZenilia komerciuli garigebebis da 

savaWro mizniT an angariSsworeba klasificirebulia rogorc 

safinanso saqmianoba; 

safinanso saqmianoba aris iseTi saqmianoba, romlis Sedegad 

raodenobrivad da struqturulad icvleba sawarmos sakuTari 

kapitali da nasesxebi saSualebebi. esenia: 

• aqciebis da sakuTari kapitalis sxva instrumentebis gamoSvebis 

Sedegad miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi; 

• mesakuTreTaTvis aqtivebis SeZenisan gamosyidvis mizniT 

gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi; 

• savalo fasiani qaRaldebis, sesxebis, Tamasuqebis, obligaciebis, 

giraoebisa da sxva moklevadiani an grZelvadiani sesxebis 

gamoSvebis Sedegad miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi; 

• sesxebis dasafaravad gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi; 

• moijaris mier finansuri ijaris valdebulebebis Sesamcireblad 

gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi. 

saoperacio saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli fuladi nakadebi 

sawarmom SeiZleba waradginos pidapiri an arapiradapiri meTo- 

diT. 

pirdapiri meTodiT asaxulia fuladi saxsrebis Semosuloba 

da gasvla fuladi nakadebis ZiriTadi kategoriebis mixedviT. 

arapirdapiri meTodiT xdeba dasabegri mogebis koreqtireba 

arafuladi operaciebis SedegebiT, warsuli an momavali periodis 

saoperacio Semosavlebisa da gadaxdebis gadavadebis an 

daricxvis gaTvaliswinebiT. agreTve, im Semosavlebisa da xarjebis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic dakavSirebulia sainvesticio 

an safinanso saqmianobis fulad nakadebTan. 

standarti rekomendacias iZleva, fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba 

momzaddes pirdapiri meTodiT, radgan igi iZleva srul 

informacias fuladi nakadebis Sesafaseblad, vidre arapirdapiri 

meTodi. 

bass 8 _ saaRricxvo politika, cvlilebebi saaRricxvo 

SefasebebSi da Secdomebi _ gansazRvravs saaRricxvo politikis 

SerCevisa da misi Secvlis, agreTve Secdomebis gasworebis 

kriteriumebs. 

saaRricxvo politika aris garkveuli principebis, safuZvlebis, 

daSvebebis, wesebisa da praqtikuli meTodebis erToblioba, 

romlebic gamoiyeneba sawarmos finansuri angariSgebis 

momzadebisa da wardgenis dros. 

cvlilebebi saaRricxvo SefasebaSi aris Sesworeba aqtivis 

an valdebulebebis sabalanso RirebulebaSi. iseTi cvlilebebi 

SefasebaSi, romelic gamowveulia axali informaciiT an axali 

ganviTarebiT, ar warmoadgens Secdomebis gasworebas. 

wina periodis Secdomebi aris sawarmos finansur 

angariSgebaSi daSvebuli uzustoba an elementebis 

gamotoveba,warmoqmnili erTi an ramdenime periodis win imis 

gamo, rom ver iqna an arasworad iqna gamoyenebuli informacia. 

es Secdomebi moicavs maTematikuri Secdomebis Sedegebs, 

faqtebis uyuradRebod datovebis an araswori interpretaciebis 

da TaRliTobis SemTxvevebs. 

cvlilebebi da Secdomebi SeiZleba aisaxos reqtrospeqtulad 

an perspeqtiulad. 

retrospeqtulad gamoyeneba aris axali saaRricxvo politikis 

imgvari gamoyeneba operaciebis, sxva movlenebisa pirobebis 

mimarT, TiTqos es politika yovelTvos gamoiyeneboda. 

aseve gadaangariSebebi ise unda moxdes, TiTqos Secdomebi wina 

periodSi arasodes daSvebula. 

perspeqtiulad cvlilebebis aRiareba warmoadgens axali 

28 29

saaRricxvo politikis gamoyenebas im TariRis Semdeg, roca saa- 

Rricxvo politika Seicvala. 

sawarmos cvlileba saaRricxvo politikaSi mxolod im Sem- 

TxvevaSi SeuZlia, Tu igi moiTxoveba standartis an interpretaciebis 

mier da uzrunvelyofs angariSgebaSi ufro saimedo da 

Sesabamisi informaciis wardgenas. 

cvlilebebi saaRricxvo politikaSi unda aisaxos retrospeqtulad 

Sesabamisi aqtivebis, valdebulebebis da sakuTari 

kapitalis sabalanso RirebulebisaTvis, yvelaze adreuli periodisaTvis, 

roca cvlilebis gakeTeba praqtikulad SesaZlebelia. 

saaRricxvo SefasebaSi momxadari cvlilebis Sedegi aisaxeba 

im periodis mogebazaralSi, roca cvlileba moxda da Semdgom 

periodebSi, Tu igi momaval periodebze axdens gavlenas. 

saaRricxvo politikaSi momxadari cvlilebebis perspeqtiuli 

aRiareba niSnavs rom cvlileba exeba Semdgomi periodis movlenebs. 

xolo SefasebaSi cvlilebebi SeiZleba Seexos mimdinare 

wlisa da momavali periodis mogebazarals. 

mimdinare periodis Secdomebi manam unda Seswordes, sanam 

moxdeba finansuri angariSgebis wardgenisaTvis damtkiceba. Tu 

Secdomebi momaval saangariSgebo wels gamovlinda, maSin sawarmom 

gamovlenili Sedomebi retrospeqtulad unda Seasworos 

pirvelive SesaZlo angariSgebaSi. es SeiZleba ganxorcieldes 

Semdegi gzebiT: 

1. angariSgebis ganmeorebiT wardgena, romelSic Secdoma 

iqna daSvebuli; 

2. adreuli saangariSgebo periodis aqtivebis, valdebulebebisa 

da sakuTari kapitalis sawyisi naSTebis ganmeorebiTi 

wardgena. 

wina saangariSgebo periodis Secdoma unda Seswordes retrospeqtulad 

gadaangariSebis gziT, garda im SemTxvevisa, 

rodesac praqtikulad SeuZlebelia konkretuli periodisaTvis 

mikuTvnebuli gavlenis gansazRvra an Secdomis agregirebuli 

gavlenis dadgena. am ukanasknelis SemTxvevaSi sawarmom 

aqtivebi, valdebulbebi da sakuTari kapitalis sawyisi naSTebi 

unda gadaiangariSos pirvelive saangariSgebo periodisaTvis, 

romlisTvisac praqtikulad SesaZlebelia gadaangariSeba (es 

SeiZleba iyos mimdinare saangariSgebo periodic). 

saaRricxvo politikaSi cvlilebebis retrospeqtuli gamoyenebis 

Sedegad miRebuli koreqtirebis Tanxa dauSvebelia Cair- 

Tos mimdinare peridos mogeba-zaralSi. 

bass10 _ balansis Sedgenis TariRis Semdegi movlenebi _ 

gansazRvravs rodis unda moaxdinos sawarmom Tavisi finansuri 

angariSgebis koreqtireba balansis Sedgenis TariRis Semdeg 

momxdari movlenebis gamo. 

balansis Sedgenis TariRis Semdegi movlenebi aris xelsayreli 

an araxelsayreli movlenebi romlebic xdeba balansis Sedgenis 

TariRis Semdeg im TariRamde rodesac nebadarTulia finansuri 

angariSgebis wardgena. 

sawarmom unda moaxdinos finansur angariSgebaSi aRiarebuli 

Tanxebis koreqtireba balansis Sedgenis TariRis Semdeg momxdari 

makoreqtirebeli movlenebis asaxvis mizniT. 

makoreqtirebeli movlena SeiZleba iyos balansis Sedgenis 

TariRis Semdeg sasamarTlo davis gadawyveta, informaciis miReba 

romelic miuTiTebs, rom aqtivi gaufasurebuli iyo balansis 

Sedgenis TariRisaTvis, klientis gakotreba, balansis Sedgenis 

TariRamde SeZenili aqtivebis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvra balansis 

Sedgenis TariRis Semdeg, mogebis ganawileba an sapremio 

gadaxdebis sididis gansazRvra balansis Sedgenis TariRis Semdeg, 

TaRliTobis an Secdomebis aRmoCena romelic adasturebs, 

rom finansuri angariSgeba arakoreqtuli iyo. 

aramakoreqtirebeli movlenebia: investiciebis sabazro 

Rirebulebis dacema balansis Sedgenis TariRis Semdeg, gaer- 

Tianebidan Svilobili sawarmos gasvla, aqtivebis eqpropriacia 

saxelmwifos mier, xanZris mier mowyobilobebis ganadgureba, 

didi cvlilebebi aqtivebis fasebSi an savaluto kursebSi, mniSvnelovani 

valdebulebebis an pirobiTi valdebulebebis aReba, 

cvlilebebi sagadasaxado ganakveTebSi, miSvnelovani sasamarTlo 

davis dawyeba.Tu es movlenebi imdenad arsebiTi aRmoCnda, 

rom gavlenas moaxdens finansuri angariSgebis momxmareblebis 

gadawyvetilebebze. maSin am movlenebis buneba axsnili unda iqnas 

ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi. 

bass 11 _ samSeneblo kontraqtebi _ gamoiyeneba samSeneblo 

kontraqtebTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebis menarde_ kontraqtoris 

finansur angariSgebaSi aRricxvisaTvis. standarti 

gansazRvravs kontraqtebTan dakavSirebuli amonagebisa da 

danaxarjebis aRricxvis wess. samSeneblo kontraqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli 

samuSaoebis buneba iseTia, rom rogorc wesi 

maTi dawyebisa da damTavrebis TariRebi erTmaneTisagan TveebiTa 

da wlebiT arian daSorebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, samSene- 

30 31

lo samuSaoebis aRricxvis mTavari sakiTxia am samuSaoebidan 

miRebuli amonagebisa da gaweuli danaxarjebis ganawileba im 

periodebze, romelTa ganmavlobaSi xorcieldeba mSenebloba. 

mocemul standarts safuZvlad udevs finansuri angariSgebis 

momzadebisa da wardgenis struqturul safuZvlebSi mocemuli 

moTxovnebi. 

standartis miznebidan gamomdinare samSeneblo kontraqtebi 

moicavs: 

a. kontraqtebs romlebic gulisxmobs aqtivis mSeneblobas- 

Tan pirdapir dakavSirebul momsaxurebas, mag: arqiteqtorebisa 

da proeqtebis menejerebis momsaxurebas; 

b. kontraqtebs aqtivebis demontaJisa da restavraciis Sesaxeb, 

agreTve aqtivebis ganadgurebisa da axlis Sedegad dazaralebuli 

garemos aRdgenaze. 

samSeneblo kontraqti SesaZloa gulisxmobdes erTi romelime 

saxis aqtivis Seqmnas, rogoricaa: Senoba, xidi, gza, jebiri, 

milsadeni, gvirabi, gemi. 

Tu SesaZlebelia samSeneblo kontraqtebis saimedod Sefaseba, 

samSeneblo kontraqtebTan dakavSirebuli amonagebi da danaxarjebi 

aRiarebuli unda iqnas balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis, 

sakontraqto samuSaoebis Sesrulebis stadiis mixedviT. 

Tu mosalodnelia, rom saerTo sakontraqto danaxarjebi 

gadaaWarbebs saerTo amonagebs, mosalodneli zarali dauyovnebliv 

unda aRiardes xarjis saxiT. 

yoveli saangariSgebo periodis bolos aRiarebuli unda iqnas 

sakontraqto amonagebi, danaxarjebi da Sualeduri mogeba 

procentuli Sesrulebis meTodis mixedviT, romelic unda 

aisaxos mogeba zaralis angariSgebaSi. 

finansuri angariSgebis ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi aisaxeba 

Semdegi informacia: daumTavrebeli kontraqtebis Sesrulebis 

stadia, mocemuli droisaTvis gaweuli mTliani Tanxa, aRiarebuli 

mogebis Tanxebi, miRebuli avansebi da SeCerebuli Tanxebi. 

bass12_mogebidan gadasaxadebi _moiTxovs rom sawarmom 

sameurneo operaciebisa da sxva movlenebis sagadasaxado dabegvris 

Sedegebi iseve unda asaxos rogorc TviT sameurneo 

operaciebi. amgvarad, rogorc ki romelime sameurneo operacia 

asaxuli iqneba mogeba_zaralis angariSgebaSi, maSinve unda 

moxdes Sesabamisi sagadasaxado dabegvris Sedegebis aRiareba 

mogeba-zaralSi. 

mogebidan gadasaxadebSi igulisxmeba yvela adgilobrivi Tu 

ucxouri gadasaxadebi romlebic gamoiTvleba sagadasaxado 

mogebis safuZvelze. mogebidan gadasaxadebi moicavs agreTve 

iseTi tipis gadasaxadebs rogoricaa Svilobili da mekavSire 

sawarmoebisagan dakavebuli gadasaxadebi. 

saaRricxvo mogeba aris saanariSgebo periodis wminda mogebis 

an zaralis Tanxa sagadasaxado xarjis gamoqviTvamde. 

sagadasaxado mogeba aris Sesabamisi sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis 

wesebiT gansazRvruli saangariSgebo periodis mogeba 

(zarali) , romlis mixedviTac xdeba gadasaxadis gadaxda (an dabruneba). 

gadvadebuli sagadasaxado valdebuleba aris dasabegri 

droebiTi sxvaobiT gamowveuli, momaval saangariSgebo periodebSi 

gadasaxdeli mogebidan gadasaxadis Tanxa. 

gadavadebuli sagadasaxado aqtivebi aris mogebidan gadasaxadebis 

Tanxa romelic unda aRdges momaval saangariSebo 

periodSi. 

droebiT sxvaobas uwodeben balansSi wardgenili aqtivis an 

valdebulebis sabalanso Rirebulebasa da mis sagadasaxado bazas 

Soris gansxvavebis Tanxas. 

droebiTi sxvaoba SiZleba iyos dasabegri an gamosaqviTi. 

dasabegri droebiTi sxvaoba unda daematos momaval saangariSgebo 

periodebSi sagadasaxado mogebis (an sagadasaxado 

zaralis) Tanxas, rodesac aqtivis an valdebulebis sabalanso 

Rirebulebis amoReba an da dafarva moxdeba. 

gamosaqviTi droebiTi sxvaoba, romelic momaval saangariSgebo 

periodSi unda gamoiqviTos sagadasaxado mogebis (sagadasaxado 

zaralis) Tanxidan, rodesac aqtivis an valdebulebis 

sabalanso Rirebulebis amoReba an dafarva moxdeba. 

aqtivis an valdebuleis sagadasaxado bazas uwodeben im 

Tanxas, romelic gamoiyeneba mocemuli aqtivis an valdebulebis 

sagadasaxadi miznebisaTvis. 

sagadasaxado xarji (sagadasaxado Semosavali) Sedgeba mimdinare 

sagadasaxado xarjisa (mimdinare sagadasaxado Semosavlisa) 

da gadavadebuli sagadasaxado xarjisagan (gadavadebuli 

sagadasaxado Semosavlisagan). 

aqtivis sagadasaxado baza aris is Tanxa, romelic sagadasaxado 

miznebisaTvis gamoiqviTeba dasabegri ekonomiuri 

sargeblidan da sawarmo miiRebs am aqtivis sabalanso Rirebulebis 

dabrunebis Semdeg. Tu aRniSnuli ekonomiuri sargebeli 

ar iqneba dasabegri, maSin aqtivis sagadasaxado baza misi 

32 33

sabalanso Rirebulebis tolia. 

Tavdapirvelad sawarmos moeTxoveboda gadavadebuli gadasaxadis 

aRricxva, gadavadebuli meTodis an valdebulebis 

meTodis mixedviT, romelic zogjer cnobilia mogebis an zaralis 

valdebulebis saxelwodebiT. gadasinjuli bass 12 – iT 

ikrZaleba gadavadebis meTodis gamoyeneba da moiTxoveba valdebulebis 

sxva meTodis gamoyeneba, romelsac balansis valdebulebis 

meTods uwodeben. 

mogebisa da zaralis angariSgebis valdebulebis meTodi 

fokusirebulia droiT sxvaobebze, xolo balansis valdebulebebi 

_droebiT sxvaobebze. droiTi sxvaoba aris dasabegr mogebasa 

da buRaltrul mogebas Soris sxvaoba, romelic warmoiSva 

erT periodSi da romlis ukugatareba xdeba Semdgom periodSi. 

droebiTi sxvaoba ki warmoadgens balansSi wardgenili aqtivis 

an valdebulebis sagadasaxado bazasa da mis sabalanso Rirebulebas 

Soris sxvaobas. 

vfiqrobT, seriozul gamartivebas moiTxovs mogebis gadasaxadis 

aRricxvis meTodika. aucileblobas ar unda warmoadgendes 

sagadsaxado da saarricxvo mogebis maCveneblebs 

Soris warmoqmnili gadaxris dayofa gamosaqviT da dasabegr 

sxvaobebad. aseTi modgomebi praqtikosebs xels uSlis aRricxvis 

mowesrigebasa da gamartivebaSi. 

Cverni azriT, mogebis gadasaxadis operaciebis aRricxvis 

meTodika SeiZleba Semdegnairad moewyos: 

davuSvaT, firmis saaRricxvo mogeba anu mogeba saaRricxvo 

standartebiT aRricxvis Sedegad 5 000 laria, xolo, 

sagadasaxado mogeba anu mogeba sagadasaxado kodeqsis 

moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT 4 000 lari aRmoCnda. 

mocemul SemTxvevaSi, mogebis gadasaxadi saaRricxvo mogebidan 

750 lari (5 000is 15%), xolo , sagadasaxado mogebidan 

600 laria (4 000is 15%). 

gadasaxadis xarji aRiarebul unda iqnes saaRricxvo mogebidan, 

valdebuleba gadasaxadze _ sagadasaxado mogebidan: 

debeti _ saaRricxvo mogebis gadasaxadis xarji (9210) _ 750 lari 

krediti _ valdebulebamogebis gadasaxadze ( 3310) _ 600 lari 

krediti _ gadavadebuli sgadasaxado valdebuleba (4210) _150 lari 

Tuki, sagadasaxado mogeba iqneboda 6 000 lari, maSin: 

6 000is 15% = 900 lari. 

debeti _ saaRricxvo mogebis gadasaxadis xarji (9210) _ 750 lari 

debeti _ gadavadebuli sagdasaxado aqtivi (2340) _ 150 lari 

krditi _ valdebuleba mogebis gadasaxadze (3310) _ 900 lari 

momdevno wels, saaaRricxvo mogeba Tu iqneba 7 000 lari da 

sagadasaxado mogeba 7600 lari, maSin, Sedgeba Semdegi gatarebebi: 

debeti _ saaRricxvo mogebis gadasaxadis xarji (9210) _ 1 050 lari 

debeti _ gadavadebuli sagadasaxado aqtivi (2340) _ 90 lari 

krediti _ valdebuleba mogebis gadasaxadze (3310) _ 1 140 lari 

imavdroulad, radgan wina wels gadavadebuli valdebuleba 

iyo, romelic aRemateba mimdinare wlis gadavadebul 

aqtivs, Camoiwereba: 

debeti _ gadavadebuli sagadasaxado valdebuleba (4210) _ 90 lari 

krediti _ gadavadebuli sgadasaxado aqtivi (2340) _ 90 lari 

ase gagrZeldeba yovelwliurad. Cveni azriT, mogebis gadasaxadis 

aseTi meTodika ufro martivia da amasTan, gavlenas 

ar axdens biujetSi gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadis sidideze. 

bass 14 _ angariSgebis wardgena segmentebis mixedviT 

_ Seexeba im sawarmoebs, romlebic awarmoeben produqcias da 

funqcionireben im geografiul areebSi, sadac arsebobs momgebianobis, 

ganviTarebis, perspeqtivebis gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebi 

da riskebi. amitom, maT unda waradginon angariSgeba 

segmentebis mixedviT. 

standarti ganasxvavebs sameurneo da geografiul segmentebs. 

sameurneo segmenti aris sawarmos gansxvavebuli komponenti, 

romelic eweva sameurneo saqmianobas da aris riskebisa da 

Semosavlebis obieqti, romelic gansxvavdeba sxva sameurneo 

segmentis Semosavlisa da riskebisagan. 

geografiuli segmenti aris sawarmos gansxvavebuli komponenti, 

romelic awarmoebs produqcias an eweva momsaxurebas 

garkveul ekonomikur garemoSi da aris riskebisa da Semosavlebis 

obieqti, romelic gansxvavdeba sxva ekonomikur garemoSi 

moqmedi riskebisa da Semosavlebisagn. 

saangariSgebo segmenti aris sameurneo segmenti an geografiuli 

segmenti, romelic ganisazRvreba zemoT mocemuli 

ganmartebebis Sesabamisad da unda waradginos segmenturi informacia 

mocemuli standartis Sesabamisad. saangariSgebo segmentis 

mixedviT wardgenili unda iqnas finansuri angariSgebis 

sruli paketi. 

34 35

segmentis Semosavali aris iseTi Semosavali, romelic warmodgenilia 

sawarmos mogebisa da zaralis im angariSgebaSi, romelic 

uSualod da dasabuTebulad miekuTvneba segments. 

segmentis xarji aris iseTi xarji, romelic dakavSirebulia 

segmentis saoperacio saqmianobasTan da pirdapir miewereba mocemul 

segements da xarjis Sesabamisi nawili, romelic SeiZleba 

dasabuTebulad miekuTvnos mocemul segments. 

segmentebis mixedviT angariSgebis momzadebis dros sawarmo 

unda daeyrdnos danarCeni standartebis saerTo moTxovnebs. 

bass 16 _ ZiriTadi saSualebebi _ gansazRvravs ZiriTadi 

saSualebebis aRricxvis wess. es standarti ar gamoiyeneba: gasayidad 

gamiznuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis, sasoflosameureno 

warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli biologiuri aqtivebis, navTobis, 

bunebrivii gazis da amgvari arakvlavwarmoebadi resursebis 

mopoveba-gadamuSavebis SemTxvevebSi. 

standarti adgens ZiriTadi saSualebebis Sefasebis saxeebs. 

esenia: sabalanso Rirebuleba, cveTadi Rirebuleba, narCeni 

Rirebuleba, gaufasurebis zarali, aRdgeniTi Rirebuleba, gamoyenebis 

Rirebuleba. 

ZiriTadi saSualebebi aRiarebuli unda iqnes, Tu mosalodnelia 

rom momavalSi sawarmo misi gamoyenebis Sedegad miiRebs 

ekonomikur sargebels da SesaZlebelia misi saimedod Sefaseba. 

standartSi mocemu;lia ZiriTadi saSualebebis TviTRirebulebis 

komponentebi, cveTis aRricxvis meTodebi, aRiarebis 

Sewyvetis operaciebis, demontaJis, likvidaciis da aRdgenis 

danaxarjebis aRricxvis meTodika. 

Cveni azriT, gaufasurebaze ZiriTadi saSualebebis testirebis 

SemoReba, SeiZleba iTqvas, ayalbebs maTi Sefasebis 

sidides da praqtikasac arTulebs (14. 44-49). 

bass 17 _ ijara _ vrceldeba im xelSekrulebebze, romlebic 

iTvaliswinebs aqtivebis gamoyenebis uflebis gadacemas, 

miuxedavad imisa, rom amgvari aqtivebis eqsploataciisa da 

Senaxvisas SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes meijaris mier mniSvnelovani 

momsaxurebis gaweva. meore mxriv, winamdebare standarti ar 

exeba im xelSekrulebebs, romlebic warmoadgens momsaxurebis 

iseT kontraqtebs, romlebic ar iTvaliswineben aqtivebis gamoyenebis 

uflebis gadacemas xelSekrulebis monawile erTi mxaridan 

meoreze. 

standarti gamoyofs finansur da Cveulebriv ijaras. 

ijara klasificirdeba finansur ijarad, Tu igi iTval- 

iswinebs faqtobrivad aqtivisflobasTan dakavSirebuli yvela 

riskisa da ekonomikuri sargeblis gadacemas. xolo, ijara 

klasificirdeba Cveulebriv ijarad, Tu adgili ara aqvs yvela 

riskisa da sargebils gadacemas. 

moijarem ijaris vadis dasawyisisaTvis finansuri ijara Tavis 

balansSi unda aRiaros rogorc aqtivebi da valdebulebebi 

saijaro aqtivis realuri Rirebulebis toli TanxiT, Tu masze 

naklebia, minimaluri saijaro gadasaxdelebis diskontirebuli 

RirebulebiT, romelic gaangariSebulia ijaris dasawyisSi. 

diskontirebis ganakveTi ki iqneba saijaro xelSekrulebaSi nagulisxmevi 

saprocento ganakveTi, Tu misi dadgena SesaZlebelia. 

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebuli unda iqnes moijaris 

zRvruli saprocento ganakveTi. moijaris nebismieri Tavdapirveli 

pirdapiri danaxarji daemateba aqtivis saxiT aRiarebul 

Tanxas. 

amasTan, minimaluri saijaro gadasaxdelebi unda ganawildes 

daricxuli finansuri xarjebisa da gadauxdeli valdebulebebis 

Semcirebis proporciulad . finansuri xarjebi ijaris 

mTliani vadis ganmavlobaSi, TiToeul saangariSgebo periodze 

ise unda ganawildes, rom warmoiqmnas mudmivi perioduli saprocento 

ganakveTi, yoveli periodis valdebulebebis naSTis 

mimarT. pirobiTi saijao gadasaxdelebi xarjad aRiricxeba 

im periodSi, rodesac iqna gaweuli. im politikis Sesabamisad, 

romelsc iyenebs sakuTari ZiriTadi saSualebebis mimarT. 

finansuri ijariT aRebul aqtivze mojare axdens cveTis 

daricxvas im politikiT, rasac iyenebs sakuTari ZiriTadi sa- 

Sualebebis mimarT. Cveulebrivi ijaris dros, saijaro gadasaxdelebi 

saijaro vadis ganmavlobaSi xarjad unda aRiardes 

wrfivi meTodis mixedviT. 

standarti agreTve gansazRvravs ukuijariT gayidvis operaciebis 

aRricxvis meTodikas. ukuijaris pirobiTY gayidvis 

operacia gulisxmobs aqtivis gayidvas da imave aqtivis ijaris 

gziT ukan dabrunebas. aseT SemTxvevaSi saijaro qira da aqtivis 

gasayidi fasi urTierTdamokidebulia. xolo operaciebis aRricxvis 

wesi damokidebulia ijaris saxeze. 

ukuijariT aqtivis gayidvis operacia Tu finansur ijaras 

warmoadgens, maSin gayidvidan amonagebis nameti mis sabalanso 

Rirebulebaze, aisaxeba gadavadebuli Semosavlebis saxiT da 

TandaTanobiT amortizdeba ijaris mTeli vadis ganmavlobaSi. 

xolo, ukuijariT aqtivis gayidva Tu Cveulebriv ijaras war- 

36 37

moadgens, maSin mogebisa da zaralis nebismieri Tanxa unda aRiardes 

dauyovnebliv. 

bass18 _ amonagebi _ gansazRvravs garkveuli tipis sameurneo 

operaciebisa da movlenebis Sedegad warmoSobili amonagebis 

aRricxvis reJims. 

amonagebi aris sawarmoSi Semosuli ekonomikuri sargeblis 

saerTo Tanxa, romelic miiReba sawarmos Cveulebrivi sameurneo 

saqmianobidan da gamoixateba sakuTari kapitalis zrdiT, 

mesakuTreTa mxridan damatebiTi investirebis gareSe. 

realuri Rirebuleba aris is Tanxa, romliTac aqtivi SeiZleba 

gaicvalos an valdebuleba daifaros daintersebul da saqmis 

mcodne mxareebs Soris `gaSlili xelis manZilis principiT~. 

saqonlis gayidvis Sedegad miRebuli amonagebis aRiareba 

xdeba maSin, rodesac dakmayofilebuli iqneba yvela qvemoT 

CamoTvlili piroba: 

• sawarmo myidvels gadascems saqonlis sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebul 

yvela mniSvnelovan sargebels da risks; 

• sawarmo ar inarCunebs uwyvet menejerul monawileobas im 

doniT, romelic Cveulebriv, asocirdeba sakuTrebis uflebas- 

Tan da arc gayidul saqonelze efeqtur kontrols ar axorcielebs; 

• SesaZlebelia amonagebis Tanxis saimedod gansazRvra; 

• mosalodnelia, rom mocemuli operaciidan sawarmo miiRebs 

ekonomikur sargebels; 

• SesaZlebelia mocemul operaciasTan dakavSirebuli yvela 

saxis xarjis saimedod gansazRvra. 

romelime sameurneo operaciasTan dakavSirebuli amonagebis 

sidide, rogorc wesi, ganisazRvreba sawarmosa da aqtivis myidvels 

an momxmarebels Soris saTanado garigebis safuZvelze. 

misi Sefaseba xdeba sawarmos mier miRebuli an misaRebi anazRaurebis 

realuri RirebulebiT, nebismieri sacalo da sabiTumo 

savaWro fasdaTmobis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

procentis aRiareba xdeba efeqturi saprocento meTodis 

gamoyeenebiT, romelsac iTvaliswinebs bass 39 _ me9 muxli. 

roialtebis aRiareba xdeba daricxvis meTodiT, Sesabamisi 

SeTanxmebis Sinaarsis mixedviT. 

dividendebis aRiareba xdeba maSin, rogorc ki ZalaSi Seva aqcioneris 

ufleba dividendebis miRebis Sesaxeb. 

standartSi agreTve mocemulia, rom sazRauri, romelic 

dairicxeba franSizis an sxva saxelSekrulebo momsaxurebis 

gagrZelebis Sesaxeb, xelSekrelebiT uzrunvelyofili 

uflebis gamoyenebisaTvis, amonagebis saxiT maSin unda aRiardes, 

rodesac ganxorcieldeba momsaxureba da gamoyenebuli 

iqneba es uflebebi. 

bass 19 _ daqiravebul momuSaveTa gasamrjeloebi _ 

gansazRvravs damqiraveblis mier momuSaveTa gasamrjeloebis 

aRricxvisa da finansuri angariSgebis axsna ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi 

maTi asaxvis wesebs (garda sapensio programebisa). 

mocemuli standartiT ganisazRvreba momuSaveTa gasamrjeloebis 

oTxi saxe: 

1. momuSaveTa moklevadiani gasamrjeloebi, magaliTad: xelfasebi, 

socialuri dacvis Senatanebi, fasiani wliuri Svebuleba 

da biuleteni, mogebaSi monawileoba da premiebi da arafuladi 

daxmarebebi (samedicino momsaxureba, biniTa da avtomanqaniT 

uzrunvelyofa da sxva). 

2. SromiTi saqmianobis Semdgomi periodis gasamrjeloebi, 

magliTad: pensiebi da sxva saxis sapensio daxmarebebi; sicocxlis 

dazRveva da samedicino momsaxureba muSaobis Semdgom periodSi. 

3. momuSaveTa sxva grZlevadiani gasamrjeloebi, maT Soris 

Svebuleba xangrZlivi muSaobis staJisaTvis an anazRaurebadi 

SemoqmedebiTi Svebuleba, saiubileo an sxva daxmarebebi xangrZlivi 

samsaxurisaTvis, grZlelvadiani daxmarebebi Sromis 

unaris dakargvisas, aseve mogebaSi monawileoba, premiebi da 

gadavadebuli kompesacia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aRniSnuli gasamrjeloebi 

gaicema periodis damTavrebidan 12 Tvis Semdeg. 

4. SromiTi saqmianobis SewyvetasTan dakavSirebuli daxmarebebi. 

standartiT, sawarmos momuSaveTa moklevadiani gasamrjeloebis 

aRiareba maSin moeTxoveba, rodesac momuSave momsaxurebas 

gaswevs am gasamrjeloebis sanacvlod. 

standarti agreTve gansazRvravs, rom sawarmom unda aRricxos 

ara marto dadgenil gadasaxdeliani programis formaluri 

pirobebidan warmoSobili iuridiuli valdebulebebi, 

aramed sawarmos araoficialuri praqtikiT warmoSobili konstruqciuli 

valdebulebac. sawarmoSi damkvidrebuli araoficialuri 

praqtika warmoSobs konstruqciul valdebulebas 

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sawarmos ar gaaCnia sxva realuri alternativa, 

garda imisa, rom momuSaves gadauxados daxmareba. 

konstruqciuli valdebulebis magaliTia, rodesac sawarmos 

38 39

araformaluri praqtikis Secvla dauSvebel zians ayenebs mis 

urTierTobas momuSaveebTan. 

standarts Tan erTvis praqtikuli sailustracio magaliTebi 

momuSaveTa xelfasebis, daxmarebebis da premiebis gamoTvlebis 

Sesaxeb. 

bass 20 _ saxelmwifo grantebis buRaltruli aRricxva da 

saxelmwifo daxmarebis ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi. _ ar exeba 

saxelmwifo grantebis finansur angariSgebaSi asaxvis specifikur 

problemebs; saxelmwifo daxmarebas, romelic sawarmos 

eZleva sxvadasxva privilegiis saxiT; saxelmwifos monawileobas 

sawarmos kapitalSi da saxelmwifo grantebs, romelebzec 

vrceldeba bass 41 _ `soflis meurneoba~. 

standartis gansazRvrebiT, saxelmwifo granti aris saxelmwifos 

mier gaweuli daxmareba sawarmosaTvis resursebis 

gadacemis saxiT, sawarmos sameurneo saqmianobasTan dakav- 

Sirebuli warsulSi Sesrulebuli an momavalSi Sesasrulebeli 

garkveuli pirobebis sanacvlod. aq ar igulisxmeba iseTi tipis 

saxelmwifo daxmarebebi, romelTa Rirebulebis dasabuTebuli 

gansazRvra SeuZlebelia, agreTve saxelmwifosTan dadebuli 

iseTi garigebebi, romlebic ar gansxvavdeba sawarmos Cveulebrivi 

komerciuli garigebebisagan. 

saxelmwifo grantis aRiareba ar xdeba manam, sanam sawarmos 

ar eqneba imis damajerebeli rwmuneba, rom daakmayofilebs 

grantis pirobebs da grants aucileblad miiRebs. 

arsebobs saxelmwifo grantebis aRiarebis ori midgoma: 

kapitalmeTodi da SemosavalmeTodi. kapitalmeTodis gamoyenebisas 

granti pirdapir aisaxeba sakuTar kapitalSi. SemosavalmeTodis 

dros granti aisaxeba Semosavlis saxiT, erTi an 

meti saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi. 

bass 21 _ ucxouri valutis kursis cvlilebebiT gamowveuli 

Sedegebi _ gamoiyeneba: 

• ucxouri valutiT warmoebuli operaciebisa da naSTebis 

aRricxvisaTvis, garda im warmoebuli instrumentebisa da naS- 

Tebisa, romlebic bass 39 _ ~finansuri instrumentebi~: aRiareba 

da Sefaseba~ _ moqmedebis sferoSi Sedis; 

• im ucxouri qvedanayofis saqmianobisa da finansuri mdgomareobis 

gadaasangriSeblad, romlebic sawarmoTa finansur angariSgebaSi 

CarTu.lia konsolidaciis, proporciuli konsolidaciisa 

da kapitalmeTodis gamoyenebiT; 

• sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegebisa da finansuri mdgomareo- 

bis, warsadgen valutaSi gadasaangariSeblad. 

ucxouri valutiT warmoebuli operaciebi Tavdapirvelad 

unda aisaxos samuSao valutiT, operaciis Sesrulebis dRisaTvis 

samuSao valutisa da mocemuli ucxour valutas Soris arsebuli 

spot savaluto kursis mixedviT. 

yoveli saangariSgebo periodis bolos: 

• ucxouri valutiT Sefasebuli fuladi sabalanso muxlebi 

unda gadaangariSdes saboloo savaluto kursis gamoyenebiT; 

• arafuladi sabalanso muxlebi, romelbic asaxulia 

ucxouri valutiT pirvandeli rirebulebis meTodiT, unda 

gadaangariSdes operaciis Sesrulebis TariRisaTvis arsebuli 

savaluto kursiT; 

• arafuladi sabalnso muxlebi, romlebic asaxulia ucxour 

valutaSi gansazRvruli realuri RirebulebiT, unda gadaangariSdes 

realuri Rirebulebis dadgenis dRisaTvis arsebuli 

savaluto kursiT. 

sakurso sxvaobebi, romlebic warmoiSoba fuladi muxlebis 

ganaRdebis an fuladi muxlebis gadaangariSebis dros unda 

aRiardes mogebazaralSi im saangariSgebo periodSi, rodesac 

warmoiSoba. xolo, is sakurso sxvaobebi, romlebic warmoiSoba 

ucxouri qvedanayofis individualur finansur angariSgebaSi 

neto investiciis Sefasebis dros, unda aRiardes sakuTari kapitalis 

calke komponentis saxiT. 

sawarmoebma TiToeuli wardgenili balansisaTvis aqtivebi 

da valdebulebebi unda gadaiangariSon balansis Sedgenis 

TariRisaTvisarsebuli saboloo savaluto kursiT; 

mogebisa da zarlis angariSgebisaTvis Semosavali da xarjebi 

unda gadaangariSdes operaciis TariRisaTvis arsebuli 

savaluto kursiT. 

savaluto kursi aris balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis arsebuli 

spot savaluto kursi, romelic aris savaluto kursi 

dauyovneblivi miwodebisaTvis. 

sakurso sxvaoba aris sxvaoba, romelic warmoiSoba erTi da 

imave raodenobis ucxouri savaluto erTeulis sxva valutaSi 

gadaangariSebis dros, gansxvavebuli gasacvleli savaluto 

kursebis gamoyenebis Sedegad. 

ucxouri qvedanayofi aris angariSvaldebuli sawarmos 

Svilobili sawarmo, mekavSire sawarmo, erToblivi saqmianoba 

an filiali, romlis saqmianoba dafuZnebulia da xorcieldeba 

sxva qveynis teritoriaeze an angariSvaldebuli sawarmos 

40 41

valutisagan gansxvavebuli valutiT. 

samuSao valuta aRniSnavs im ZiriTadi ekonomikuri garemos 

valutas, sadac sawarmo eweva saqmianobas. 

fuladi muxlebi _ fuladi Tanxebi, moTxovnebi da valdebulebebi. 

neto investicia ucxour qvedanayofSi aRniSnavs angariSvaldebuli 

sawamos wilis sidides ucxouri qvedanayofis neto 

aqtivebSi. 

bass 23 _ sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi 

_ gamoiyeneba sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis 

buRaltruli aRricxvis meTodebis dadgenis mizniT. 

standartis saerTo moTxovnaa sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli 

danaxarjebis dauyovnebliv aRiareba xarjebis saxiT. 

Tumca, standartiT nebadarTulia alternatiuli meTodis 

gamoyenebac, anu danaxarjebis kapitalizacia im SemTxvevaSi, 

rodesac sesxi pirdapir ukavSirdeba aqtivis SeZenis, warmoebis 

an mSeneblobis process. 

standartSi gamoyenebuli cnebebia: 

sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi aris 

sawarmos mier nasesxebi saxsrebisaTvis sakuTar Tavze aRebuli 

procenti da sxva danaxarjebi. 

gansakuTrebuli aqtivi aris iseTi aqtivi, romlis daniSnulebiT 

gamoyenebis an gasayidad momzadebisaTvis saWiroa 

drois mniSvnelovani periodi. 

sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis aRricxvis 

_ sabaziso meTodiT sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli 

danaxarjebi unda aRiardes im periodis xarjebad, rodesac iqna 

gaweuli, miuxedavad imisa, Tu rogor xdeba sesxis gamoyeneba. 

finansuri angariSgebis ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi unda aisaxos 

sawarmos mier sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis 

mimarT gamoyenebuli saaRricxvo politika. 

sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis aRiarebis 

nebadarTuli alternatiulimeTodis Tanaxmad, gansakuTrebuli 

aqtivis SeZenasTan, warmoebasTan an mSeneblobas- 

Tan uSualod dakavSirebuli sesxiT sargeblobis danaxarjebi 

kapitalizdeba, anu CairTveba aRniSnuli aqtivebis sabalanso 

RirebulebaSi. 

bass 24 _ dakavSirebul mxareTa ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi 

_ moiTxovs rom sawarmos finansuri angariSgeba Seicavdes 

aucilebel ganmartebiT SeniSvnebs, raTa yuradReba mieqces 

im garemoebas, rom sawarmos finansur mdgomareobasa da mogebazaralze 

SesaZloa gavlena iqonios dakavSirebuli mxareebis 

arsebobam, iseve, rogorc aseT mxareebTan dakavSirebiT arsebulma 

sameurneo operaciebma da daufaravma naSTebma. 

dakavSirebuli mxaris sameurneo operaciebi da daufaravi 

naSTebi, jgufis sxva sawarmoebTan, aisaxeba mocemuli sawarmos 

finansur angariSgebaSi. Sidajgufuri dakavSirebuli mxareebis 

sameurneo operaciebi da daufaravi naSTebi anulirdeba jgufis 

konsolidirebuli finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas. 

dakavSirebul mxareTa urTierTobam SesaZloa zegavlena 

moaxdinos sawarmos sameurneo saqmianobis Sedegebsa da mis finansur 

mdgomareobaze im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac dakavSirebul 

mxareTa Soris sameurneo operaciebs adgili ara aqvs. magaliTad, 

Svilobilma sawarmom SesaZloa urTierToba Sewyvitos 

savaWro partniorTan, saTavo sawarmos miTiTebiT. amdenad, 

dakavSirebuli mxareTa sameurneo operaciebis, daufaravi naS- 

Tebisa da urTierTobebis codnam SesaZloa gavlena iqonios finansuri 

angariSgebis momxmarebelTa mier sawarmos operaciebis 

Sefasebaze, maT Soris sawarmoSi arsebuli riskebisa da SesaZleblobebis 

Sefasebaze. 

am standartSi cnebebi gamoiyenebaSemdegi mniSvnelobiT: 

dakavSirebuli mxare _ mxare CaiTvleba sawarmosTan dakav- 

Sirebulad, Tu: mxare pirdapir an erTi an meti Sualeduri rgolis 

saSualebiT arapirdapir: 

I. akontrolebs sawarmos, kontroldeba sawarmos mier an 

imyofeba saerTo kontrolis qveS (es moicavs saTavo, an Svilobil 

sawarmoebs); 

II. sawarmoSi im odenobis wilis mflobelia, rom mniSvnelovani 

gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia masze; an 

III. erToblivad akontrolebs sawarmos; 

dakavSirebul mxareTa sameurneo operaciebi _ resursebis 

an valdebulebebis gadacema dakavSirebul mxareebs Soris, 

miuxedavad imisa, moiTxoveba Tu ara Tanxis gadaxda. 

kontroli niSnavs sawarmos finansuri da sameurneo politikis 

marTvis uflebamosilebas, am saqmianobidan ekonomikuri 

sargeblis miRebis mizniT. 

erToblivi kontroli gulisxmobs ekonomikur saqmianobaze 

kontrolis ganawilebas, Sesabamisi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze. 

42 43

umaRles rangis xelmZRvanelobaSi igulisxmebian is 

pirovnebebi, maT Soris nebismieri direqtori (aRmasrulebeli 

an sxva funqciis Semsrulebeli),romlebsac pirdapir an arapirdapir 

aqvT miniWebuli sawarmos saqmianobis dagegmvis, marTvisa 

da kontrolisaTvis aucilebeli uflebamosileba da pasuxismgebloba. 

mniSvnelovani gavlena _ aris sawarmos finansuri da sawarmoo 

politikis gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi monawileoba, aRniSnul 

politikaze kontrolis gareSe. mniSvnelovani gavlenis 

miRweva SesaZlebelia sawarmos wilis flobiT wesdebiT an Se- 

Tanxmebis Tanaxmad. 

standartSi agreTve ganmartebulia, rodis ar CaiTvleba mxareebi 

dakavSirebul mxareebad. 

saTavo da Svilobil sawarmos Soris urTierToba finansur 

angariSgebaSi unda gamJRavndes, miuxedavad imisa, ganxorcielda 

Tu ara am dakavSirebul mxareebs Soris sameurneo operaciebi. 

angariSvaldebuli sawarmo acxadebs misi saTavo sawarmos 

da, Tu gansxvavebulia, saboloo makontrolebeli mxaris saxelebs. 

Tu arc saTavo sawarmo da arc makontrolebeli mxare gamosaqveyneblad 

ar amzadebs finansur angariSgebas, maSin Semdegi 

yvelaze zemdgomi rangis saTavo sawarmos saxelwodeba unda 

iqnes naCvenebi, romelic aqveynebs finansur angariSgebas. 

roca arc saTavo da arc saboloo makontrolebeli sawarmo 

ar aqveynebs finansur angariSgebas, sawarmo asaxelebs Semdeg 

yvelaze zemdgomi rangis saTavo sawarmos, romelic aqveynebs 

sakuTar angariSgebas. Semdegi yvelaze zemdgomi rangis saTavo 

sawarmo aris pirveli saTavo sawarmo jgufSi, angariSvaldebuli 

sawarmos uSualo saTavo sawarmos zemdgomi, romelic aqveynebs 

konsolidirebul finansur angariSgebas. 

ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi sul cota unda moicavdes: 

sameurneo operaciebis moculobas, daufaravi naSTebis moculobas 

da maTTan dakavSiRebuli saeWvo valebis anaricxebis sidides 

_ saTao, mekavSire, Svilobili, angariSvaldebuli sawarmosa 

da sxva dakavSirebuli mxareebis mixedviT calkcalke. 

bass 26 _ sapensio uzrunvelyofis programebis buRaltruli 

aRricxva da angariSgeba _ ganixilavs sapensio 

programas, rogorc angariSgebis erTeul, gancalkevebuls 

programaSi monawile damqiravebelTagan. igi sapensio uzrunvelyofis 

programis buRaltrul aRricxvasa da angariSgebas 

ganixilavs mis yvela monawilesTan, rogorc erT mTlian 

jgufTan mimarTebaSi. standarti ar exeba programis TiToeuli 

monawilis angariSgebas,es standarti avsebs bass 19s _ `daqiravebul 

momuSaveTa gasamrjeloebi~. 

sapensio uzrunvelyofis iseTi programebi, romlis aqtivebi 

finansdeba sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier, eqvemdebareba buRaltruli 

aRricxvisa da dafinansebis iseTive moTxovnebs, rogorc 

is programebi, romlebic finansdeba kerZo biznesis mier. 

Sesabamisad, mocemuli standarti amgvar programebsac exeba.. 

mocemuli standarti ar exeba muSakTa daxmarebis sxva 

formebs, rogoricaa muSakTa daxmareba samsaxuridan ganTavisuflebasTan 

dakavSirebiT, xelSekruleba gadavadebul kompensaciaze, 

Semweoba welTa namsaxurebisaTvis, sapensiod naadrevad 

ganTavisuflebis an momuSaveTa Semcirebis programebi, 

samedicino, socialuri an sapremio programebi. standarti ar 

vrceldeba agreTve socialuri uzrunvelyofis saxelmwifo 

RonisZiebebze. 

winamdebare standartSi gamoyenebul cnebebs aqvs Semdegi 

mniSvneloba: 

sapensio uzrunvelyofis programa aris SeTanxmeba, romlis 

Tanaxmad sawarmo uzrunvelyofs Tavis muSakTa daxmarebas 

samsaxuris damTavrebisTanave an samsaxuris Sewyvetis Semdeg 

(yovelwliuri Semosavlis an erTjeradi daxmarebis saxiT). 

rodesac aseTi daxmarebebi, iseve rogorc Senatanebi programaSi, 

SeiZleba ganisazRvros an gamoiTvalos winaswar, pensiaze 

gasvlamde, rogorc warmodgenili dokumentebis, ise sawarmoSi 

damkvidrebuli praqtikis safuZvelze. 

dadgenil Senataniani programa aris sapensio uzrunvelyofis 

programa, romlis Tanaxmadac gacemas daqvemdebarebuli 

gasacemi sapensio Tanxebi ganisazRvreba sapensio fond- 

Si Senatanebis da am investiciebidan miRebuli Semosavlebis 

safuZvelze. 

dadgenil gadasaxdeliani programa aris sapensio uzrunvelyofis 

programa, romlis Tanaxmadac sapensio daxmarebisaTvis 

gasacemi Tanxebi ganisazRvreba formuliT, romelsac, 

Cveulebriv, safuZvlad udevs momuSaveTa mier gamomuSavebuli 

gasamrjelo da/an welTa namsaxuroba. 

dafinanseba niSnavs damqiraveblis sawarmos mier aqtivebis 

gadacemas ekonomikuri erTeulisaTvis (fondisaTvis), sawarmos 

sapensio uzrunvelyofis momavali valdebulebebis Sesrulebis 

mizniT. 

44 45

monawileebi arian sapensio uzrunvelyofis programebis 

wevrebi da sxva pirebi, romlebsac programis Sesabamisad ufleba 

aqvT miiRon sapensio daxmarebebi. 

sapensio daxmarebisaTvis gankuTvnili wminda aqtivebi 

moicavs programis aqtivebs, saidanac gamoqviTulia nebismieri 

valdebuleba, garda daTqmuli sapensio daxmarebebis aqtuaruli 

diskontirebuli Rirebulebisa. 

daTqmuli sapensio daxmarebis aqtuaruli diskontirebuli 

Rirebuleba aris sapensio uzrunvelyofis programis Sesabamisad 

gadasaxdeli Tanxis diskontirebuli Rirebuleba, romelic 

gaicema amJamad da warsulSi momuSaveebze, ukve gaweuli 

momsaxurebisaTvis. 

garantirebuli daxmarebebi aris is daxmarebebi, romelzec 

uflebebi, sapensio uzrunvelyofis programis Sesabamisad, dakavSirebuli 

ar aris samsaxuris vadis gagrZelebasTan. 

sapensio uzrunvelyofis zogierT programas, damqiraveblis 

garda, sxva sponsorebic hyavs. mocemuli standarti amgvari 

programebis angariSgebasac exeba. sapensio uzrunvelyofis 

programebis umravlesoba gulisxmobs calke, damoukidebeli 

fondis formirebas, romelSic SeaqvT Senatanebi da saidanac 

xdeba daxmarebebis gadaxda. sapensio uzrunvelyofis programebi, 

Cveulebriv, arsebobs dadgenil Senataniani an dadgenil 

gadasaxdeliani programis saxiT. 

dadgenil Senatanian programaSi misi monawilis samomavlo 

daxmarebis Tanxa ganisazRvreba damqiraveblis an monawilis, an 

orive mxaris SenatanebiT, agreTve fondis saqmianobis SedegebiTa 

da sainvesticio SemosavlebiT. damqiraveblis valdebuleba, 

Cveulebriv, ifareba fondSi ganxorcielebuli SenatanebiT 

dadgenil gadasaxdeliani programis angariSgebaSi asaxuli 

unda iyos: daxmarebebis gawevisaTvis arsebuli wminda aqtivebi; 

daTqmuli sapensio daxmarebebis aqtuaruli 

diskontirebuli Rirebuleba, sadac gamijnuli iqneba garantirebuli 

da aragarantirebuli daxmarebebi; saboloo nameti 

an deficiti. 

daTqmuli sapensio daxmarebebis aqtuaruli diskontirebuli 

Rirebuleba unda eyrdnobodes muSakTa mier mocemuli 

TariRisaTvis gaweuli momsaxurebis mixedviT programis pirobebis 

Sesabamis daxmarebis Tanxebs da mimdinare an dagegmili 

xelfasis doneebs, gamoyenebuli meTodis axsniT. aqtuarul 

SefasebebSi momxdari nebismieri iseTi cvlilebis Sedegi, ro- 

melic mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens daTqmuli sapensio daxmarebebis 

aqtuarul diskontirebul Rirebulebaze, aseve unda 

aisaxos ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi. 

standartiT, yvela tipis programisaTvis sapensio uzrunvelyofis 

programebis investiciebi realuri RirebulebiT 

unda aisaxos. sabazro fasiani qaRaldebisaTvis realuri Rirebuleba 

maTi sabazro fasia. rodesac programis investiciebi 

iseTia, rom SeuZlebelia maTi realuri Rirebulebis dadgena, 

ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi unda dasabuTdes, ratom ar iqna gamoyenebuli 

realuri Rirebuleba. 

is fasiani qaRaldebi, romelsac fiqsirebuli gamosasyidi 

Rirebuleba aqvs da SeZenilia programis an misi garkveuli 

nawilebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, SeiZleba aisaxos maTi saboloo 

gamosyidvis RirebulebiT, im varaudiT, rom mogebis 

ganakveTis mudmivi done SenarCunebulia. roca SeuZlebelia 

programis investiciebis realuri Rirebulebis Sefaseba, magaliTad, 

sawarmos sruli mflobelobisas ganmartebiTi SeniSvna 

unda gakeTdes imis dasasabuTeblad, Tu ratom araa gamoyenebuli 

realuri Rirebuleba. ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi, rogorc 

wesi, unda gamJRavndes im investiciebis realuri Rirebuleba, 

romelic aRiricxeba arasabazro an ararealuri RirebulebiT. 

fondis saqmianobaSi gamoyenebuli aqtivebi aRiricxeba Sesabamisi 

buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis 

safuZvelze. 

bass 27 _ konsolidirebuli da individueluri finansuri 

angariSgeba _ gamoiyeneba im sawarmoTa jgufis konsolidirebuli 

finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisa da wardgenisaTvis, 

romelTa kontroli xorcieldeba saTavo sawarmos mier. (standarti 

ar exeba sawarmoTa gaerTianebis aRricxvis meTodebs da 

maT efeqts konsolidaciaze, sawarmoTa gaerTianebis Sedegad 

warmoSobili gudvilis CaTvliT (ix. fass 3 `sawarmoTa gaer- 

Tianeba~). 

standarti aucilebelia aseve gamoyenebul iqnes Svilobil 

sawarmoebSi, erToblivad kontrolirebad sawarmoebsa da mekavSire 

sawarmoebSi dabandebuli investiciebis aRricxvisaTvis, 

rodesac sawarmo irCevs an adgilobrivi normatiuli aqtebi 

avaldebulebs individualuri finansuri angariSgebis wardgenas. 

standartSi gamoyenebulia cnebebi Semdegi mniSvnelobebiT: 

konsolidirebuli finansuri angariSgeba Uaris jgufis fi- 

46 47

nansuri angariSgeba, romelic wardgenilia, rogorc erTi ekonomikuri 

erTeulis angariSgeba. 

kontroli niSnavs sawarmos finansuri da sameurneo politikis 

marTvis uflebamosilebas, am saqmianobidan ekonomikuri 

sargeblis miRebis mizniT. 

danaxarj-meTodi iseTi saaRricxvo meTodia, romelic gulisxmobs 

investiciebis aRricxvas TviTRirebulebis safuZvelze. 

investoris angariSgebaSi Semosavlebis aRiareba xdeba 

mxolod im odenobiT, ramdensac igi investirebis obieqtis dagrovili 

wminda mogebidan iRebs, Tavisi wilis Sesabamisad, investiciis 

SeZenis TariRis Semdgom periodSi. mekavSire sawarmodan 

miRebuli nebismieri sxva gasanawilebeli Tanxebi, wminda 

mogebis aRniSnuli Tanxis garda, ganixileba rogorc investiciebis 

dabruneba da aisaxeba investiciebis Tavdapirveli Rirebulebis 

Semcirebis saxiT. 

sawarmoTa jgufs uwodeben saTavo da Svilobil sawarmoebs 

erTad. 

umciresobis wili aris Svilobili sawarmos mogebis an zaralis 

da wminda aqtivebis is nawili, romelic arc pirdapir da arc 

arapirdapir (Svilobili sawarmoebis meSveobiT) ar ekuTvnis sa- 

Tavo sawarmos,. 

saTavo sawarmo iseTi sawarmoa, romelsac gaaCnia erTi an 

meti Svilobili sawarmo. 

individualuri finansuri angariSgeba aris angariSgeba, 

romelic wardgenilia saTavo sawarmos, mekavSire sawarmos 

investoris an erToblivad kontrolirebadi sawarmos sruluflebiani 

monawilis mier, romelSic investicia asaxulia 

kapitalSi pirdapiri wilis safuZvelze, vidre investirebulis 

gamoqveynebuli Sedegebisa da wminda aqtivebis safuZvelze. 

Svilobili sawarmo aris sawarmo, amxanagobis tipis arakorporaciuli 

erTeulis CaTvliT, romelsac kontrols uwevs 

sxva sawarmo (cnobili saTavo sawarmos saxelwodebiT). 

konsolidirebuli finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas, 

sawarmo aerTianebs saTavo da misi Svilobili sawarmoebis finansur 

angariSgebebs, muxlobrivad, valdebulebebis, sakuTari 

kapitalis, Semosavlebisa da danaxarjebis analogiuri sabalanso 

muxlebis dajamebiT. imisaTvis, rom konsolidirebuli finansuri 

angariSgeba warmoaCendes finansur informacias sawarmoTa 

jgufis Sesaxeb, 

Semdeg, dasaxelebul standartSi mocemulia, Tu ra proce- 

durebia saWiro konsolidirebuli angariSgebis mosamzadeblad. 

bass 28 _ ìnvesticiebi mekavSire sawarmoebSi~ _ gamoiyeneba 

mekavSire sawarmoebSi investiciebis buRaltruli aRricxvisaTvis. 

Tumca igi ar gamoiyeneba mekavSire sawarmoebSi 

investiciebis mimarT, romelTa mflobelebi arian: sarisko kapitalis 

organizaciebi, erToblivi fondebi sadazRvevo fondebis 

CaTvliT. 

standarti moiTxovs, rom mekavSire sawarmoSi dabandebuli 

investiciebis aRricxva unda moxdes kapitalmeTodis gamoyenebiT, 

garda gasayidad gamiznulisa da zogierTi sxva SemTxvevebisa. 

kapitalmeTodi iseTi saaRricxvo meTodia, romelic gulisxmobs 

mekavSire sawarmoSi investiciis Tavdapirvel aRricxvas 

TviTRirebulebiT da Semdgom misi mimdinare sabalanso Rirebulebis 

koreqtirebas mekavSire sawarmos mogebazaralSi, investoris 

xvedriTi wilis cvlilebis Sesabamisad, SeZenis TariRis 

Semdgom periodSi. investoris wili investirebuli sawarmos 

mogeba_zaralSi aRiardeba investoris mogebazaralSi. investoris 

mier mekavSire sawarmodan dividendebis an sxva gasanawilebeli 

Tanxebis miReba amcirebs investiciis mimdinare 

sabalanso Rirebulebas. investiciis mimdinare Rirebulebis 

cvlileba SeiZleba agreTve gamoiwvios mekavSire sawarmos kapitalis 

iseTma cvlilebam, romelic asaxuli ar iyo mis mogebisa 

da zaralis angariSgebaSi. aseTi cvlilebi warmoiSoba ZiriTadi 

saSualebebis gadafasebiT, ucxouri valutis kursis cvlilebiT 

gamowveuli sakurso sxvaobebiT. investoris wili am cvlilebebSi 

pirdapir aisaxeba investoris kapitalSi. 

bass 29 _ finansuri angariSgeba hiperinflaciuri ekonomikis 

pirobebSi _ gamoiyeneba im sawarmoTa finansuri angariSgebisaTvis, 

konsolidirebuli finansuri angariSgebis 

CaTvliT, romlis samuSao valutas hiperinflaciuri ekonomikis 

valuta warmoadgens. 

mocemuli standartiT ar ganisazRvreba inflaciis is absoluturi 

done, romelic SeiZleba CaiTvalos hiperinflaciis 

dawyebis maCveneblad. finansuri angariSgebis gadaangariSebis 

aucileblobis dadgena, winamdebare standartis moTxovnebis 

Sesabamisad, subieqturi SefasebiT xdeba. hiperinflaciis 

maCveneblad gamodgeba qveynis ekonomikuri garemos Semdegi (da 

ara marto CamoTvlili) maxasiaTeblebi: saprocento ganakveTe- 

48 49

i, xelfasebi da fasebi dakavSirebulia fasebis indeqsebTan da 

inflaciis saerTo done sami wlis ganmavlobaSi aRwevs an aWarbebs 

100%s. 

amasTan, standarti exeba sawarmos finansur angariSgebas im 

saangariSgebo periodis dawyebis TariRidan, roca dadgindeba 

hiperinflaciis arseboba qveyanaSi, romlis valutaSic xdeba 

angariSgebis wardgena. 

standartis moTxovniT, balansis Tanxebi, romelic jer ar 

aris gadayvanili balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis arsebul zomis 

erTeulSi, unda Seswordes fasebis saerTo indeqsis gamoyenebiT. 

fuladi muxlebis koreqtireba ar xdeba, radgan isini ukve 

gamoxatulia balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis arsebul fulad 

erTeulebSi. fuladi muxlebi aris sawarmos gankargulebaSi 

myofi fuladi saxsrebi da fuladi nakadebis formiT gadasaxdeli 

da misaRebi muxlebi. 

indeqsirebuli obligaciebi da sesxebi unda Seswordes mocemuli 

xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis 

gaunaRdebeli Tanxebis dasadgenad. es muxlebi gadaangariSebul 

balansSi Seitaneba koreqtirebuli TanxiT. 

yvela sxva aqtivi da valdebuleba iTvleba arafulad muxlad. 

zogierTi arafuladi muxli aisaxeba realuri TanxiT balansis 

Sedgenis TariRisaTvis, magaliTad, neto sarealizacio 

RirebulebiT an sabazro RirebulebiT _ ase, rom maTi gadaangariSeba 

ar xdeba. yvela sxva danarCeni arafuladi aqtivi da 

valdebuleba unda gadaangariSdes. 

winamdebare standarti agreTve moiTxovs, rom mogebisa da 

zaralis angariSgebis yvela muxli gamoisaxos balansis Sedgenis 

TariRisaTvis arsebul zomis erTeulebSi. amdenad, yvela 

Tanxa saWiroebs gadaangariSebas fasebis saerTo indeqsis cvlilebis 

gaTvaliswinebiT im TariRidan, rodesac moxda Semosavlebisa 

da xarjebis muxlebis Tavdapirveli asaxva finansur 

angariSgebaSi. 

aseve, winamdebare standarti moiTxovs, rom fuladi 

nakadebis angariSgebis yvela muxli gamosaxuli iyos balansis 

Sedgenis TariRisaTvis arsebul zomis erTeulebSi. 

iseTi konsolidirebuli finansuri angariSgebisaTvis, 

romelSic Sedis sxvadasxva saangariSgebo TariRiT momzadebuli 

finansuri angariSgeba, yvela muxli _ fuladic da arafuladic, 

formulirebul unda iqnes konsolidirebuli fi- 

nansuri angariSgebis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis arsebul zomis 

erTeulebSi. 

amrigad, finansuri angariSgebis gadaangariSeba, mocemuli 

standartis Sesabamisad, moiTxovs fasebis saerTo indeqsis gamoyenebas, 

romelic asaxavs saerTo msyidvelobiTunarianobaSi 

momxdar cvlilebebs. mizanSewonilia, rom yvela sawarmom, romlebic 

angariSgebas warmoadgenen erTi da imave qveynis ekonomikis 

valutiT, gamoiyenon erTi indeqsi. 

bass 30 _ bankebisa da analogiuri safinanso dawesebulebebis 

finansuri angariSgebis ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi _ 

gamoiyeneba rogorc bankis calkeuli finansuri angariSgebisaTvis, 

ise konsolidirebuli angariSgebisaTvis. bankis finansuri 

angariSgebis momxmareblebi dainteresebulni arian bankis 

likvidobiTa da gadaxdisunarianobiT, agreTve buRaltrul 

balanssa da balansgareSe muxlebSi aRiarebul aqtivebTan da 

valdebulebebTan dakavSirebuli riskebiT. 

bankma unda waradginos mogebisa da zaralis angariSgeba, sadac 

Semosavlebi da xarjebi dajgufebuli iqneba maTi xasiaTis 

mixedviT. dauSvebelia Semosavlebisa da xarjebis muxlebis 

urTierTgadafarva, garda im muxlebisa romelic dakavSirebulia 

hejirebasTan da roca arsebobs urTierTCaTvlis kanonieri 

ufleba. 

bankma finansuri angariSgebis axsnaganmartebiT SeniSvneSi 

unda asaxos aqtivebisa da vldebulebebis analizi, dajgufebuli 

dafarvis vadebis Sesabamisad, rasac safuZvlad daedeba 

balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis darCenili periodi, dafarvis 

saxelSekrulebo TariRamde. 

axsna-ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi bankma agreTve unda asaxos 

saaRricxvo politika, romliTac ganisazRvreba saeWvo sesxebis 

da avansebis xarjebad aRiarebisa da maTi Camoweris safuZvlebi. 

calke unda iyos asaxuli zaralis is Tanxa, romelic gmowveulia 

uimedo sesxebis Camoweridan; agreTve anda aisaxos giravnobis 

qveS miRebuli faseulobebis Sesaxeb informacia da maTi 

xasiaTi; daubrunebadi valdebulebebi, potenciuri valdebulbebi 

da gauTvaliswinebeli movlenebi, warmoSobili arsebuli 

balansgareSe muxlebidan. 

bass 31 _ erTobliv saqmianobaSi monawileobis finansuri 

angariSgeba _ gamoiyeneba erTobliv saqmianobaSi monawileobis 

buRaltruli aRicxvisaTvis. 

erToblivi saqmianoba gulisxmobs ori an meti monawile 

50 51

mxaris mier saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebis safuZvelze erTobliv 

kontrols daqvemdebarebuli ekonomikuri saqmianobis 

warmarTvas. saqmianoba, romelzedac ar arsebobs saxelSekrulebo 

SeTanxmeba erToblivi kontrolis ganxorcielbis Sesaxeb, 

ar ganixileba rogorc erToblivi saqmianoba am standartis 

miznebidan gamomdinare. 

standartSi ganxilulia erToblivi saqmianobis sami 

tipi _ erToblivad kontrolirebadi saqmianoba, erToblivad 

kontrolirebadi aqtivebi da erToblivad kontrolirebadi 

sameurneo subieqtebi. 

erTobliv kontrols daqvemdebarebul saqmianobaSi 

monawile TiToeuli sawarmo iyenebs sakuTar Senoba-nagebobebs 

da manqana-danadgarebs da gaaCnia sakuTari sasaqonlo-materialuri 

faseulobebi. igi agreTve gaswevs sakuTar xarjebs da 

iRebs valdebulebebs, TviTon gamoimuSavebs finansur saxsrebs. 

erToblivi saqmianobis saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmeba, rogorc 

wesi, Seicavs erToblivi produqciis gayidvidan miRebuli Semosavlis 

da erToblivi saqmianobis sferoSi gaweuli xarjebis 

ganawilebis pirobebs kontrolis uflebis mqone investorebs 

Soris. 

kontrolis uflebis mqone investorma sakuTar finansur angariSgebaSi 

da Semdgom kosolidirebul finansur angariSgeba- 

Si unda aRiaros da asaxos: misi kontrolis qveS myofi aqtivebi 

da mis mier aRebuli valdebulebebi; mis mier gaweuli xarjebi 

da Tavisi wili erToblivi saqmianobiT gayiduli saqonlidan an 

gaweuli momsaxurebidan miRebul SemosavlebSi. 

zogjer, erToblivi saqmianoba erTobliv kontrolTan er- 

Tad gulisxmobs aqtivebis erTobliv mflobelobas. kontrolis 

uflebis mqone investorma, Tavis finansur angariSgebaSi 

unda asaxos: erTobliv kontrols daqvemdebarebuli aqtivebis 

sakuTari wili aqtivebis saklasifikacio jgufebis mixedviT; 

erTobliv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli yvela valdebuleba; 

erTobliv valdebulebebSi misi wili; miRebuli Semosavlidan 

misi wili da gaRebuli xarjebis Tavisi wili. 

erTobliv kontrols daqvemdebarebuli sameureno subieqti 

aris erToblivi saqmianoba, romelic gulisxmobs korporaciis, 

amxanagobis an romelime sxva opganizaciulsamarTlebrivi 

formiT sawarmos dafuZnebas, romelSiac kontrolis 

uflebis mqone TiToeul investors gaaCnia Tavisi wili. 

standarti iZleva erTobliv saqmianobaSi kontrolis mqone 

investoris mier Tavis konsolidirebul finansur angariSgebaSi 

Tavisi wilis asaxvis or meTods. esenia:sabaziso meTodi 

_ proporciuli konsolidireba da alternatiuli meTodi _ 

kapitalmeTodi. 

proporciuli konsolidireba iseTi saaRricxvo meTodia, 

romlis Tanaxmad kontrolis uflebis mqone investori konsolidirebuli 

finansuri angariSgebis wardegnis dros Tavis 

wils erTobliv kontrols daqvemdebarebul saqmianobis aqtivebSi, 

valdebulebebSi, Semosavlebsa da xarjebSi pirdapir 

miumatebs Sesabamis elementebs an waradgens calkcalke muxlebis 

saxiT. 

kapital-meTodi iseTi saaRricxvo meTodia, romelic gulisxmobs 

investiciis Tavdapirvel aRricxvas TviTRirebulebiT, 

xolo Semdgom mis koreqtirebas mekavSire sawarmos wminda 

aqtivebSi investoris xvedriTi wilis SeZenis Semdgom cvlilebis 

Sesabamisad. investoris mogebazaralis angariSgebaSi mekavSire 

sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegebi aisaxeba investoris wilis 

Sesabamisad. 

bass 32 _ finansuri instrumentebi: ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi 

da wardgena _ gansazRvravs, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs 

finansur instrumentebs sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobisa 

da misi saqmianobis Sedegebisa da fuladi nakadebis TvalsazrisiT. 

mocemuli standarti awesebs finansuri instrumentebis 

wardgenis moTxovnebs da gansazRvravs informacias, romelic 

unda aisaxos sawarmos finansuri angariSgebis ganmartebiT 

SeniSvnebSi finansur instrumentebTan dakavSirebiT. 

mocemuli standarti unda gamoiyenos yvela sameurneo er- 

Teulma yvela saxis finansuri instrumentisaTvis, garda Semdegi 

instrumentebisa: wili Svilobil sawarmoebSi, mekavSire 

sawarmoebsa da erTobliv saqmianobaSi; damqiraveblebis uflebebi 

da movaleobebi, romlebic vrceldeba momuSaveTa gasamrjeloebis 

programebze; sawarmoo gaerTianebebSi pirobiTi 

anazRaurebis kontraqtebi; sadazRvevo xelSekrulebebi. 

finansur instrumentebs miekuTvneba: wilobrivi instrumentebi 

(gamoSvebuli Cveulebrivi da privilegirebuli aqciebi, 

varantebi da ofcionebi, aqciebis gamoSveba xelmoweriT); debitoruli 

da kreditoruli davalianebebi. agreTve warmoebuli 

finansuri instrumentebi: finansuri ofcioni, fiuCersebi da 

forvardebi, saprocento greZelvadiani svopebi da savaluto 

52 53

svopebi. 

standartis gansazRvrebiT, finanasuri instrumenti aris 

nebismieri xelSekruleba, romelic warmoSobs rogorc erTi 

sawarmos finansur aqtivs, aseve meore sawarmos finansur valdebulebebs 

an wilobriv instruments. 

finansuri aqtivi aris fuladi Tanxebi da sxva sawarmos 

wilobrivi instrumenti da saxelSekrulebo ufleba, sxva sawarmodan 

miiRos fuladi aqtivi. 

wilobrivi instrumenti aris nebismieri xelSekruleba, 

romelic adasturebs sawrmos aqtivebSi yvela misi valdebulebebis 

gamoqviTvis Semdeg darCenili wilis sakuTrebis uflebas. 

finansuri valdebuleba aris nebismieri valdebuleba, romelic 

aris: 

a. sawarmos saxelSekrulebo valdebuleba _ sxva sawarmos 

gadasces fuladi saxsrebi an sxva finansuri aqtivebi; 

b. xelSekruleba sxva sawarmosTan finansuri instrumentebis 

gacvlis Sesaxeb potenciurad araxelsayrel pirobeb- 

Si. 

standartis moTxovniT, emitentma balansSi unda aRiaros 

finansuri valdebulebebi da sakuTari kapitali xelSekrulebebis 

Sinaarsis Sesabamisad. ukan gamosyiduli wilobrivi instrumenti 

(ukan gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi) unda aRiardes 

pirdapir sakuTar kapitalSi. 

finansur instrumentebTan an mis romelime Semadgenel 

nawilTan dakavSirebuli procenti, dividendi, danakargebi da 

Semosulobebi, romlebic klasificirebulia finansur valdebulebad, 

mogebazaralis angariSgebaSi waredgineba rogorc 

xarji an Semosavali. 

sawarmom finansur angariSgebaSi agreTve unda aRweros 

finansuri riskis marTvis miznebi da politika, TiToeuli 

ZiriTadi tipis prognozirebuli garigebis hejirebis politikis 

aRweris CaTvliT, romelTaTvisac gamoiyeneba hejirebis 

buRaltruli aRricxva. 

standartSi gadmocemulia riskis saxeebi da maTi Sefasebis 

meTodebi da aqciebis gamoSveba-gayidvis praqtikuli magaliTebi. 

bass 33 _ Semosavali erT aqciaze _ gamoyenebul unda iqnas 

im sawarmoTa mier, romelTa Cveulebrivi aqciebi an potenciuri 

Cveulebrivi aqciebi sajarod iyideba an am aqciebis gamoSvebis 

procesSi arian sajaro fasiani qaRaldebis bazarze. 

standartis mizania daadginos erT aqciaze Semosavlis gamoTvlis 

principebi da Sesabamisi informaciis miwodebis pirobebi. 

sawarmoebma es informacia unda waradginon konsolidirebul 

angariSgebaSi. xolo im sawarmoebma, romelTa Cveulebrivi 

an potenciuri aqciebi ar iyideba sajaro fasiani qaRaldebis 

bazarze, maSin informacia erT aqciaze Semosavlis Sesaxeb axsnaganmartebebSi 

unda waradginos. 

standartis ganmartebiT, potenciuri Cveulebrivi aqcia 

aris iseTi finansuri instrumenti an sxva saxis xelSekruleba, 

romelmac SesaZloa mis mesakuTres Cveulebrivi aqciebis flobis 

ufleba misces. 

varantebi an ofcionebi aris iseTi finansuri instrumentebi, 

romelic mesakuTres Cveulebrivi aqciebis Sesyidvis uflebas 

aZlevs. 

erT aqciaze Semosavali gaangariSebuli unda iqnas Cveulebrivi 

aqciebis mflobelebisaTvis gankuTvnili periodis 

wminda mogebis gayofiT mimoqcevaSi myofi Cveulebrivi aqciebis 

saSualoSewonil raodenobaze. 

standarti ixilavs Semdeg maCveneblebs: gazaveba, antigazaveba, 

sabazo Semosavali erT aqciaze, ganzavebuli Semosavali 

erT aqciaze, mimoqcevaSi myofi Cveulebrivi aqciebis saSualo 

Sewonili raodenoba. 

sawarmom mogebzaralis angariSgebaSi unda waradginos informacia 

erT aqciaze ZiriTadi da ganzavebuli Semosavlebis 

Sesaxeb. wardgena unda moxdes maSinac ki, roca Tanxebi uaryofi- 

Tia (zarali erT aqciaze). 

standartSi ganxilulia praqtikuli magaliTebic. 

bass 34 _ Sualeduri finansuri angariSgeba _ ganmartavs, 

rom Sualeduri finansuri angariSgeba iseTi finansuri angariSgebaa, 

romelic moicavs ufro mokle periodis angariSgebas, vidre 

sruli finansuri welia. 

standartiT, sawarmom Sualeduri finansur angariSgebaSi 

igive saaRricxvo politika unda gamoiyenos, rasac iyenebs wliuri 

finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisaTvis. Sualeduri finansuri 

angariSgebis (kvartaluri, naxevarwliuri) gamoqveyneba 

fasiani qaRaldebis maregulirebeli organoebisa da safondo 

birJebis kanonieri moTxovniT evalebaT mxolodim sawarmoebs, 

romelTa fasiani qaRaldebi sajarod iyideba. 

bass 36 _ aqtivebis gaufasureba _ moiTxovs, rom sawarmom 

54 55

grZelvadiani aqtivebi balansSi ar asaxon mis aRdgeniT Rirebulebaze 

meti TanxiT. am mizniT, sawarmom yoveli wlis bolos 

unda moaxdinos testireba aqtivebis gaufasurebaze. 

winamdebare standarti ar exeba sasaqonlo-materialur 

maragebs, samSeneblo kontraqtebs, gadavadebul sagadasaxado 

aqtivebs, finansur instrumentebs, sainvesticio qonebas, sasoflo-sameurneo 

saqmianobasTan dakavSirebul biologiur aqtivebs, 

gasayidad gamiznul grZelvadian aqtivebs. 

standartis gansazRvrebiT, gaufasurebis zarali aris 

Tanxa, romliTac aqtivis sabalanso Rirebuleba aRemateba mis 

anazRaurebad anu aRdgeniT Rirebulebas. 

aRdgeniTi anu anazRaurebadi Rirebuleba aris udidesi aqtivis 

wminda gasayid fassa da gamoyenebis Rirebulebas Soris. 

gamoyenebis Rirebuleba aris aqtivis gamoyenebidan momavalSi 

misaRebi fuladi Tanxebis diskontirebuli Rirebuleba. 

vfiqrobT, gaufasurebis zaralze aqtivebis yovelwliuri 

testireba Zalzed Sromatevadia da Tanac SefasebebSi cdomilebebis 

didi albaTobac arsebobs (2.385). 

bass 37 _ anaricxebi, pirobiTi valdebulebebi da pirobi- 

Ti aqtivebi _ gansazRvravs yvela anaricxis, pirobiTi valdebulebebisa 

da pirobiTi aqtivebis aRricxvis wesebs. 

Tu sawarmos dadebuli aqvs kontraqti, romelic wamgebiania, 

maSin kontraqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli mimdinare movaleoba unda 

aRiardes da Sefasdes rogorc anaricxi. 

Tu sawarmos xelmZRvaneloba gegmavs restruqturizaciis 

programas, romelic sawarmos saqmianobis sferos an saqmianobis 

warmarTvis xerxebs cvlis, aRiarebuli unda iqnas restruqturizaciis 

xarjebis anaricxebi. 

sawarmom pirobiTi valdebulebebi da pirobiTi aqtivi (mag. 

sasamarTlo sarCelidan) unda asaxos axsnaganmartebebSi. 

standartiT aRiarebulia Semdegi gansazRvrebebi: 

pirobiTi aqtivi iseTi aqtivia, romelic warmoiqmneba adre 

momxdari movlenis Sedegad da romlis arseboba dasturdeba mxolod 

erTi an meti iseTi ganusazRvreli movlenis-moxdeniT an 

armoxdeniT, romelic mTlianad ar eqvemdebareba sawarmos kontrols 

(mag. sasamarTloSi Setanili sarCeli). 

pirobiTi valdebuleba aris SesaZlo movaleoba, romelic 

warmoiqmna warsuli movlenebis Sedegad da misi arseboba dasturdeba 

mxolod erTi an meti ganusazRvreli movlenis momavalSi 

moxdeniT (an armoxdeniT) romelic mTlianad ar eqvemde- 

bareba sawarmos kontrols (mag. sawarmos winaarmdeg Setanili 

sarCeli). 

konstuqciuli movaleoba iseTi movaleobaa, romelic warmoiqmneba 

sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegad, rodesac warsulSi damkvidrebuli 

praqtikis da sawarmos politikis Tanaxmad sawarmom 

aCvena, rom igi momavalSi aRiarebs garkveul valdebulebas. 

magaliTad, sawarmo abinZurebs garemos, magram ar arsebobs saxelmwifo 

kanonmdebloba misi gawmendis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. 

sawarmo ki Tavad wyvets, misi Sinagani moraluri pasuxismgeblobis 

gamo gawmindos bunebrivi garemo. es aris konstruqciuli 

movaleoba. Sesabamisad, SeuZlia Seqmnas anaricxi dabinZurebuli 

garemos gawmendis xarjebis Sefasebis odenobiT. 

bass 38 _ aramaterialuri aqtivebi _ gansazRvravs, rom 

aramaterialuri aqtivi aris identificirebadi arafuladi aqtivi, 

fizikuri formis gareSe. mas miekuTvneba: samecniero an 

teqnikuri codna, axali procesebi an sistemebi, licenziebi, 

inteleqtualuri sakuTreba, patentebi, bazris Seswavla da 

savaWro niSnebi, saavtoro uflebebi, filmebi da sxva. 

aramaterialuri aqtividan calke gamoiyofa gudvili, romelic 

warmoiSoba sawarmoTa gaerTianebis Sedegad. 

standartis moTxovniT, aqtivi identificirebul unda 

iqnes aramaterialur aqtivad, roca igi gancalkavebulia da 

SeiZleba maTi gayidva, gaqiraveba an gadacema da warmoiqmneba 

saxelSekrulebo an iuridiuli uflebebiT, miuxedavad 

imisa,SesaZlebelia Tu ara aRniSnuli uflebebis gadacema an gacalkaveba. 

aramaterialuri aqtivis aRiareba unda moxdes, roca mosalodnelia 

aqtivis gamoyenebidan momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis 

miReba da SesaZlebelia maTi TviTRirebulebis saimedod 

Sefaseba. aramaterialur aqtivad SeiZleba aRiardes sawarmoSi 

warmoqmnili aramaterialuri aqtivi, garda gudvilisa. 

aramaterialuri aqtivis sawyisi Sefaseba unda moxdes TviT- 

RirebulebiT. igi moicavs Sesyidvis fass, importis mosakreblebisa 

da aradabrunebadi gadasaxadebis CaTvliT, SeRavaTebisa 

da fasdaklebebis gamoklebis Semdeg. agreTve, gamosayeneblad 

aqtivis momzadebaze gaweul pirdapir danaxarjebs. 

aramaterialuri aqtivis TviTRirebulebaSi ar Seitaneba 

axali produqciis an momsaxurebis aTvisebis xarjebi reklamis 

xarjebis CaTvliT, axal adgilze biznesis warmoebis danaxarjebi 

TanamSromelTa gadamzadebis danaxarjebis CaTvliT, admin- 

56 57

istraciisa da sxva zednadebi xarjebi. 

bass 39 _ finansuri instrumentebi: aRiareba da Sefaseba 

_ ganmrtavs, rom sawarmo mxolod im SemTxvevaSi aRiarebs finansur 

aqtivsa da finansur valdebulebas, Tu sawarmo xdeba instrumentis 

sakontraqto pirobebis monawile. 

sawarmo wyvets finansuri aqtivis aRiarebas mxolod im Sem- 

TxvevaSi, rodesac: finansuri aqtividan misaRebi fuladi saxsrebis 

miRebis sakontraqto uflebebs vada gasdis an sawarmo 

gascems finansur aqtivs. 

sawarmo finansur aqtivs gadascems mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,Tu: 

gadascems finansuri aqtividan fuladi saxsrebis miRebis sakontraqto 

uflebebs an inarCunebs finansuri aqtividan fuladi 

saxsrebis miRebis sakontraqto uflebebs, magram aRiarebs sakontraqto 

valdebulebebs, gadauxados fuladi saxsrebi erT 

an met pirs. 

Tu sawarmo arc gadascems da arc inarCunebs mflobelobasTan 

dakavSirebul arsebiTad yvela risksa da sargebels gadacemul 

aqtivze da inarCunebs masze kontrols, igi ganagrZobs 

gadacemuli aqtivis aRiarebas masSi Tavisi monawileobis proporciulad. 

finansuri aqtivis Cveulebrivi yidva-gayidvis aRiareba an 

aRiarebis Sewyveta, unda moxdes garigebis dRis an ganaRdebis 

dRis mdgomareobiT. 

standarti sawarmos nebas rTavs nebismieri finansuri aqtivis 

Tu finansuri valdebulebis sawyisi aRiarebisas, isini miiCnios 

realuri RirebulebiT Sesafaseblad, xolo realuri Rirebulebis 

cvlilebebi aRiaros mogebaSi an zaralSi.. 

bass 39-Si manamde arsebuli arCevanis SesaZlebloba, gasayidad 

arsebuli finansuri aqtivebidan miRebuli Semosuloba 

da zarali eRiarebina mogebaSi an zaralSi, gauqmebulia. aseTi 

SesaZleblobis arseboba saWiroebas aRar warmoadgens, imis 

gamo, rom standartSi Setanili Sesworebebis Tanaxmad, sawarmos 

ufleba aqvs realuri RirebulebiT Seafasos nebismieri finansuri 

aqtivi da finansuri valdebuleba, mogebasa da zaralSi 

aRiarebul SemosulobasTan da zaralTan erTad. 

sawarmom finansuri valdebuleba balansidan mxolod ma- 

Sin unda amoiRos, rodesac is Sesruldeba _ e.i. rodesac kontraqtiT 

gansazRvruli valdebuleba daifareba, gauqmdeba an 

vada gauva. 

gamsesxebelsa da msesxebels Soris gansxvavebuli pirobebis 

mqone savalo instrumentis gacvla ganxilul unda iqnes, rogorc 

Tavdapirveli finansuri instrumentis anulireba da axali 

finansuri valdebulebis aRiareba. 

gauqmebuli an sxva mxrisaTvis gadacemuli finansuri valdebulebebis 

sabalanso Rirebulebasa da gadaxdil Tanxas Soris 

(nebismieri gadacemuli arafuladi aqtivebisa Tu aRiarebuli 

valdebulebebis CaTvliT) sxvaoba unda aRiardes mogebasa an 

zaralSi. 

standarti adgens, rom gaufasurebis zarali unda aRiardes 

mxolod misi warmoSobis Semdeg. standarti agreTve gvTavazobs 

damatebiT miTiTebebs, romeli movlenebi gvaZlevs obieqtur 

monacemebs wilobriv instrumentebSi ganxorcielebuli investiciebis 

gaufasurebis Sesaxeb. 

aseve, standarti moiTxovs, rom gasayidad arsebuli wilobrivi 

instrumentebis gaufasureba ar SeiZleba aisaxos mogebaSi 

an zaralSi, e.i. realuri Rirebulebis nebismieri Semdgomi 

zrda unda aRiardes sakuTar kapitalSi.standartSi agreTve 

mocemulia hejirebis buRaltruli aRricxvis meTodika. 

bass 40 _ `sainvesticio qoneba~ _ gamoiyeneba sainvesticio 

qonebis aRiarebis, Rirebulebis gansazRvris da ganmartebiTi 

SeniSvnebis momzadebisaTvis. 

sainvesticio qoneba aris uZravi qoneba (miwa, Senobebi an 

orive erTad), romelsac floben (mesakuTre an moijare – finansuri 

ijaris pirobebSi) saijaro Semosavlebis miRebis an 

kapitalis Rirebulebis zrdis an orive mizniT, garda Semdegi 

miznebisa: gamoiyeneba saqonlis warmoebis, momsaxurebis gawevis 

an administraciuli miznebisaTvis an iyideba Cveulebrivi 

saqmianobis procesSi. 

standartis miTiTebiT, sainvesticio qoneba SeiZleba Sefasdes 

faqtiuri an realuri RirebulebiT. sawyis etapze sainvesticio 

qoneba unda Sefasdes TviTRirebulebiT. garigebis xarjebic 

CairTveba sawyis SefasebaSi. 

sainvesticio qonebis realurma Rirebulebam unda asaxos 

bazris is mdgomareoba, romelic arsebobs balansis Sedgenis 

TariRisaTvis. 

standarti agreTve ganmartavs, rom mesakuTris mier dakavebuli 

qoneba aris qoneba, romelsac floben (mesakuTre an moijare, 

finansuri ijaris pirobebSi) saqonlis warmoebis an miwodebis, 

momsaxurebis gawevis an administraciuli miznebisaTvis. 

qonebrivi interesi SeiZleba klasificirebul da aRiare- 

58 59

ul iqnebs sainvesticio qonebis saxiT mxolod da mxolod ma- 

Sin, rodesac qoneba sxva mxriv daakmayofilebs sainvesticio 

qonebis ganmartebis pirobebs. 

erTi an ramdenime sainvesticio qoneba SeiZleba SeZenil 

iqnes arafulad aqtivze an fulad aqtivebze kombinirebulad 

gacvliT. 

SeZenili sainvesticio qonebis Rirebuleba moicavs Sesyidvis 

fassa da nebismier uSualod mikuTvnebul danaxarjebs. 

xolo, sakuTari warmoebis sainvesticio qonebis TviTRirebuleba 

aris misi danaxarjebi mSeneblobis an mzadyofnis dasrulebis 

TariRisaTvis. am TariRis dadgomamde sawarmo iyenebs 

me-16 standarts ~ZiriTadi saSualebebi~. 

bass 41 _ soflis meurenoba _ mizania gansazRvros sasoflo-sameureno 

saqmianobis buRaltruli aRricxvis wesebi, 

finansuri angariSgebis wardegna da masTan dakavSirebuli 

ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi. 

mocemuli standarti gamoiyeneba biologiuri aqtivebis, 

soflis meurneobis produqciis da biologiur aqtivTan dakavSirebuli 

grantebis aRricxvisaTvis. 

biologiuri aqtivi aris cxoveli an mcenare. 

soflis meurneoba warmoadgens sawarmos mier cocxali 

cxovelebisa da mcenareebis(anu biologiuri aqyivebis) biologiuri 

transformaciis marTvas maTi gayidvis, soflis meurneobis 

warmoebis an maTgan damatebiTi biologiuri aqtivebis warmoebis 

mizniT. 

soflis meurneobis produqcia aris sawarmos biologiuri 

aqtivebidan miRebuli produqtebi, mxolod nayofis miRebis 

momentisaTvis. Semdgom gamoiyenba bass 2 _ sasaqonlomaterialuri 

aqtivebi an sxva romelime standarti. magaliTad, biologiuri 

aqtivi aris cxvari, xeebi tyis plantaciebSi, mcenareebi, 

buCqovani, msxvilfexarqosani pirutyvi, Rorebi, vazi, xexili 

da a.S. xolo, soflis meurneobis produqciaa: matyli, mcenareuli 

bamba, rZe, mokrefili xili, yurZeni da a.S. amdenad, mocemuli 

standarti exeba yurZnis miRebas da ara mis gadamuSavebas 

Rvinod; matylis miRebas da ara mis gadamuSavebas Zafad; bambis 

miRebas da ara Zafis damzadebas; lerwmis miRebas da ara Saqris 

warmoebas; rZis miRebas da ara yvelis damzadebas da a.S. 

biologiuri transformacia moicavs zrdas, degeneracias, 

warmoebas da gamravlebas, rac iwvevs biologiuri aqtivis 

xarisxobriv da raodenobriv cvlilebebs. 

nayofis miReba aris biologiuri aqtividan produqciis mocileba 

an biologiuri aqtivis sicocxlis procesis Sewyveta. 

sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianoba moicavs sxvadasxva saqmianobas, 

magaliTad, pirutyvis moSeneba, tyis gaSeneba, erTwliani da 

mravalwliani kulturebis moyvana, xexilis baRebisa da plantaciebis 

gaSeneba, yvavilebis moSeneba, akvakultura (m.S. Tevzis 

moSeneba) da sxva msgavsi saqmianoba. yvela saxis sasoflosameurneo 

saqmianobas aqvsSemdegi saerTo maxasiaTeblebi: 

1. cvlilebis unari _ cocxal cxovelebsa da mcenareebs aqvT 

biologiuri transformaciis unari. 

2. cvlilebis marTva _ sawarmos xelmZRvaneloba xels unda 

uwyobdes biologiur transformacias anu im pirobebis gaumjoebesebas 

an minimum, stabilizacias, romelic aucilebeblia 

procesis moxdenisaTvis (mag. kvebis, tenianobis, sinaTlis, temperatuirs, 

nayofierebis). 

sawarmom biologiuri aqtivi da soflis meurneobis 

produqcia unda Seafasos mxolod maSin, rodesac: 

1. sawarmo akontrolebs am aqtivs warsuli movlenebis Sedegad; 

2. misi gamoyenebiT mosalodnelia momavalSi ekonomikuri 

sargeblis Semosvla sawarmoSi an gasvla; 

3. SesaZlebelia aqtivis realuri Rirebulebis an TviTRirebulebis 

saimedod Sefaseba. 

standartis moTxovnebiT, biologiuri aqtivi Tavdapirveli 

aRiarebisas da balansis Sedgenis yoveli TariRisaTvis unda Sefasdes 

realizaciasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebiT Semcirebuli 

realuri RirebulebiT, garda im SemTxvevisa roca SeuZlebelia 

realuri Rirebulebis saimedod Sefaseba. aseT SemTxvevaSi 

sawarmom aqtivebi unda Seafasos TviTRirebulebiT, dagrovili 

cveTisa da dagrovili gaufasurebis zaralis gamoklebiT. 

biologiuri aqtividan miRebuli soflis meurenobis 

produqcia unda Sefasdes nayofis miRebis momentisaTvis arsebuli 

realuri RirebulebiT, realizaciasTan dakavSirebuli 

SefasebiTi xarjebis gamoklebiT. 

biologiuri aqtivis Tavdapirvelad aRiarebul realur Rirebulebasa 

da mimdinare realur Rirebulebas(Semcirebuli 

realizaciis xarjebiT) Soris cvlilebis Sedegad miRebuli mogeba 

an zarali CarTul unda iqnes im periodis neto mogebasa an 

zaralSi, rodesac isini warmoiSva. 

xolo, soflis meurneobis produqciis realizaciisaTvis 

60 61

saWiro SefasebiTi xarjebiT Semcirebuli realuri RirebulebiT 

Tavdapirvelad aRiarebis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavali 

an zarali CarTuli unda iqnes im periodis neto mogebasa da 

zaralSi, rodesac isini warmoiSva. 

amrigad, finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebi, 

romelic Seicavs buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebs, 

warmoadgens sawarmoTa gankargulebaSi arsebuli aqtivebis, 

valdebulebebis, sakuTari kapitalis, Semosavlebis, 

xarjebis da maTTan dakavSirebuli safinanso ekonomikuri operaciebis 

aRricxvis saerTo meTodikas, rac uzrunvelyofs 

mowesrigebuli buRaltruli aRricxvis sistemas yvela tipis 

sawarmoSi. 

3. buRaltruli aRicxvis sagani da meTodi 

buRaltruli aRricxvis, rogorc mecnierebis warmoSobis 

TariRad iTvleba, italieli maTematikosisa da filosofosis 

_ luka paCiolis mier, 1 494wels gamoqveynebuli naSromi àngariSebisa 

da Canawerebis Sesaxeb~, romelSic mas aRwerili aqvs 

sameurneo operaciebis ormagi (oradi) aRricxvis wesi. 

buRaltruli aRricxva miekuTvneba praqtikuli gamoyenebis 

mecnierebaTa ricxvs. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, igi warmoadgens 

sawarmos safinaso-ekonomikuri saqmianobis Sedegebis amsaxvel 

informaciul sistemas.es informacia aucilebelia erTi mxriv, 

biznesis efeqtiani marTvisa da kontrolisaTvis da meore 

mxriv, sawarmos gareT sxvadasxva tipis partniorebisTvis, raTa 

miiRon gadawyvetileba imis Sesaxeb, daamyaron Tu ara saqmiani 

urTierToba erTmaneTTan. 

amdenad, buRaltruli aRricxvis mizania, moamzados safinanso-ekonomikuri 

xasiaTis obieqturi informacia da miawodos 

igi dainteresebul mxareebs. am mizniT man sawarmos funqcionirebis 

procesSi, Tvali unda miadevnos sawarmos mTeli 

resursebisa da maTi dafinansebis wyaroebis moZraoba-cvalebadobas, 

riTac aaSkaravebs biznesis waratebebisa da warumateblobis 

mizezebs. 

aRricxvis Teoriuli da praqtikuli mowesrigebis mizniT 

gansazRvrulia misi, rogorc mecnierebis, kvlevis sagani da 

obieqtebi. 

buRaltruli aRricxvis sagania sawarmoTa gankargulebaSi 

myofi resursebi anu aqtivebi, maTi dafinansebis wyaroebi da 

cvlilebebi anu sameurneo operaciebi. 

am ganmartebidan gamomdinare, buRltrul aRricxvas sami 

obieqti gaaCnia. esenia: 

I. aqtivebi _ aris sawarmos gankargulebaSi myofi materialuri 

da aramaterialuri qoneba, romelTa fulad formaSi saimedo 

Sefaseba SesaZlebelia da romelTa gamoyenebis Sedegad 

sawarmo moelis raime saxis ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebas. 

aqtivebSi ganivTebulia potenciuri anu momavalSi misaRebi 

ekonomikuri sargebeli, romelic niSnavs aqtivebis unars, xeli 

Seuwyos sawarmoSi fuladi saxsrebisa da maTi ekvivalentebis 

Semosvlas. 

buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis 

62 63

struqturuli safuZvlebi ganmartavs, rom: ` sawarmo, rogorc 

wesi, moixmars aqtivebs im saqonlis sawarmoeblad da momsaxurebis 

gasawavad, romleboc daakmayofilebs momxmarebelTa 

moTxovnilebebs. Tu saqoneli an momsaxureba akmayofilebs 

maT moTxovnilebebs, momxmareblebi mzad arian gadaixadon am 

saqonlisa da momsaxurebis safasuri da amiT xeli Seuwyon fuladi 

saxsrebis Semosvlas sawarmoSi. fuladi saxsrebi ki, rogorc 

universaluri sawarmoo resursi, TavisTavad sawarmos 

emsaxureba~(muxli 54). 

aqtivebSi avansirebuli Rirebulebis brunvis siCqaris 

anu likvidurobis xasiaTis mixedviT, aqtivebi mimdinare anu 

moklevadian da grZelvadian aqtivebad iyofa. 

mimdinare aqtivebi aris aris iseTi saxis qoneba, romelic 

navaraudevia erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gadaiqceva gacvis saSualebad. 

esenia: masalebi, saqoneli, daumTavrebeli produqcia, 

mza produqcia, moklevadiano moTxovnebi, fuladi Tanxebi, 

erT wlamde vadis nayidi fasiani qaRaldebi. mimdinare aqtivebs 

agreTve likvidur,mobilur da sabrunav aqtivebsac uwodeben. 

grZelvadiani aqtivi iseTi saxis qonebaa, romelic warmoeba- 

Si erT welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi gamoiyeneba da maTSi avansirebuli 

Rirebulebis ukan dabrunebas ramdenime weli sWirdeba. 

maT agreTve aramobilur an aralikvidur aqtivebsac uwodeben. 

grZlevadian aqtivebs miekuTvneba: ZiriTadi saSualebebi, 

grZelvadiani investiciebi (grZelvadiani nayidi fasiani qaRaldebi), 

grZlevadiani moTxovnebi, aramaterialuri aqtivebi. 

aqtivebis dafinansebis wyaroebi warmoadgenen aRricxvis 

sagnis meore obieqts. isini ganmartaven ra gzebiTaa SeZenili 

sawarmos qoneba. maT Sesaxeb informacia saWiroa, raTa moxdes 

mesakuTreTa wilis da valdebulebebis marTva da kontroli. 

aqtivebis dafinansebis wyaroebi or jgufad iyofa: valdebulebebi 

da sakuTari kapitali. 

valdebulebebi warmoadgens sawarmos movaleobassxva subieqtebis 

mimarT, gadauxados maT saTanado fuladi Tanxebi. 

valdebulebebi, ganvlili movlenebis Sedegia da rogorc wesi, 

warmoiqmneba unaRdo angariSsworebis wesiT SeZenili aqtivis 

an miRebuli momsaxurebis dros, agreTve sxvisi qonebis gamoyenebis 

uflebisaTvis gadasaxdel Tanxebze, sabiujeto gadasaxadebze 

da sxv. 

sakuTari kapitali aris aqtivebis is nawili, romelic rCeba 

valdebulebebis dafarvis Semdeg. mas miekuTvneba: sawesdebo 

kapitali, saaqcio kapitali, mogebidan Seqmnili rezervebi, 

grZelvadiani aqtivis gadafasebis rezervi da gaunawilebebli 

mogeba. 

sawesdebo kapitali arsebobs SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis 

sazogadoebebSi da sxva samarTlebrivi formis sawarmoebSi, 

garda saaqcio sazogadoebebisa. sawesdebo kapitali axasiaTebs 

mesakuTreTa wils sawarmos qonebaSi. saaqcio kapitali axasiaTebs 

aqcionerTa wils sawarmos aqtivebSi anu pasuxobs kiTxvaze: 

sawarmos aqtivebis ra nawilia SeZenili aqcionerebis mier 

Semotanili wilis xarjze. 

mogebis xarjze sawarmos menejmenti qmnis saxvadasxva saxis 

rezervebs, rogoricaa: rezervi warmoebis gafarToebisaTvis, 

riskisaTvis, muSakTa premirebisaTvis da sxv. aseTi saxis 

rezervebi aucilebelia kompaniis progresuli da dinamiuri 

ganviTarebisaTvis, warmoebis mosalodneli dacemis problemebis 

gadalaxvisaTvis. 

gadafasebis rezervi iqmneba grZelvadiani aqtivebis afasebis 

dros. igi gamoiyeneba am aqtivebis Camofasebis kompesaciisaTvis. 

gaunawilebebli mogeba aris wminda mogebis is nawili, romelic 

rCeba rezervebis Seqmnisa da aqcionerTa dividendebis 

gacemis Semdeg. 

aRricxvis sagnis mesame obieqtia samerneo operaciebi. 

sameurneo operacia aris calkeuli qmedeba, romelsac adgili 

aqvs sawarmos safinansoekonomikur saqmianobaSi. erTgvarovani 

operaciebis erToblioba qmnis sameurneo procesebs. arsebobs 

sami saxis procesi: momaragebis, warmoebis da realizaciis. 

momaragebis procesze xdeba sawarmos momarageba saWiro 

resursebiT. warmoebis procesze xdeba warmoebis materialuri 

da SromiTi resursebis SeerTeba, nedleulisa da masalebis 

gardaqmna mza produqtad. realizaciis procesze mza produqcia 

gadaiqceva fulad aqtivad. realizaciis procesi aris kompaniaSi 

avansirebuli Rirebulebis wrebrunvis saboloo stadia, 

romelic aCvenebs finansur Sedegs: mogebas an zarals sameurneo 

saqmianobidan. ra Tqma unda, warmoebis procesebi calkcalke 

izolirebulad ar arseboben. resursebi erTdroulad samive 

stadiaze imyofebian. 

amrigad, buRaltruli aRricxvis gareSe ar SeiZleba darCes 

mcire Tu didi moculois qoneba, valdebuleba, sakuTari kapitali 

da sameurneo operacia. es aucilebelia imsaTvis, rom aR- 

64 65

icxvam Seqmnas saimedo da srulyofili informacia, rogorc 

SigniT, biznesis marTvisa da kontrolis ganxorcielebisaTvis, 

ise misi gare momxmareblebisaTvis, saWiro gadawyvetilebebis 

misaRebad. 

amrigad, buRaltruli aRricxva warmoadgens firmebis 

sameurneo-safinanso saqminaobis Sedegebis amsaxvel sainformacio 

sistemas. igi informacias amzadebs sawarmos Sida da gare 

angariSgebis saxiT. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom buRaltruli aRricxvis sistema finansuri 

da mmarTvelobiTi aRricxvis qvesistemebs moicavs, isini 

erTmaneTTan organul kavSirSia da amitom SeiZleba msjeloba 

buRaltruli aRricxvis, rogorc mecnierebis sagnis Sesaxeb. 

mas Semdeg, rac italielma mecnierma luka paCiolma ormagi (anu 

digrafiuli) Caweris meTodi SeimuSava (1494 w.), buRaltruli 

aRricxva ekonomikur mecnierebaTa erTerT dargad iTvleba. 

imisaTvis, rom buRaltruli aRricxvis seqtorma SeZlos rogorc 

Sida, aseve gare momxmareblebisaTvis waradginos sawarmoSi 

arsebuli resursebis da maTi gamoyenebis anlizuri da 

sinTezuri finansur-ekonomikuri suraTi,igi sxvadasxva saaRricxvo 

xerxs iyenebs. 

buRaltruli aRricxvis xerxebis (anu wesebis) erToblioba 

warmoadgens aRricxvis meTods. buRaltruli aRricxvis meTodi 

rva xerxs anu oTx wyil elements moicavs. buRaltruli aRricxvis 

xerxebia: 

I. dokumentacia da inventarizacia; 

II. Sefaseba da kalkulacia; 

III. anagariSebi da ormagi aRricxva; 

IV. sacdeli balansi da angariSgeba. 

buRaltruli aRricxvis mizania uzrunvelyos maRali saimedoobis 

mqone informaciis momzadeba, romelze dayrdnobiTac 

miRebul unda iqnes safinanso-ekonomikuri xasiaTis esa Tu is 

gadawyvetileba biznesis samyaroSi, Sesabamisad, buRaltruli 

aRricxva dokumentebs anu werilobiT mtkicebulebebs unda 

eyrdnobodes. aqedan gamomdinare, aranairi safinanso-sameurneo 

operaciis aRricxva ar SeiZleba, Tu masze saTanado dokumenti 

gaformebuli araa. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, aRricxuli 

operacia ukanonod iTvleba. dokumenti aris informaciis pirveli 

sacavi. masSi pirvelad fiqsirdeba yvela momxdari faqti da 

movlena, romelsac Semdeg buRaltruli aRricxva eyrdnoba. 

yoveli sameurneo operaciis saTanado dokumentiT gaformebas 

dokumentacia ewodeba. 

amrigad, aRricxvaSi dokumentaciis xerxis gamoyeneba 

aucilebelia obieqturi da samarTliani informaciis mosamzadeblad, 

romelic misi momxmareblebisaTvis Rirebuli iqneba 

swori gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad. 

saaRricxvo monacemebi zogjer sinamdviles ar Seesabameba. 

amis mizezi SeiZleba iyos pirvelad dokumentebSi arasworad gakeTebuli 

gaangariSebebi, saaRricxvo CanawerebSi momxdari Secdomebi 

an TaRliTobiT gamowveuli danaklisebi. amitom saWiro 

xdeba saaRricxvo Canawerebis SesabamisobaSi moyvana faqtobriv 

mdgomareobasTan. am mizniT inventarizaciis xerxi gamoiyeneba, 

romelic gulisxmobs faqtobrivi mdgomareobis aRweras sawarmoSi 

sagangebod gamoyofili komisiis mier. 

aRricxvis Semdegi xerxia - Sefaseba, romelic aucilebelia 

gansxvavebul naturalur da SromiTi erTeulebSi gamoxatuli 

aqtivebis, valdebulebebis, sakuTari kapitalis, Semosavlebisa 

da xarjebis fulad formaSi gadayvanis, ganzogadebisa da finansuri 

Sedgebis gansazRvris mizniT. RirebulebiTi Sefasebis 

ZiriTadi saxeobebia TviTRirebuleba da fasi. RirebulebiTi 

Sefasebis sxva danarCeni saxeobebi, Cveni azriT, SeiZleba am ori 

ZiriTadiSefasebis interpretaciebad CaiTvalos, rogoricaa: 

pirvandeli Rirebuleba, narCeni Rirebuleba, salikvidacio 

Rirebuleba, momavali an diskontirebuli Rirebuleba, faqtobrivi 

an gegmuri TviTRirebuleba, mimdinare an gegmuri fasi da 

a.S. 

kalkulacia warmoadgens damzadebuli calkeuli saxeobis 

produqciis an gaweuli momsaxurebis erTeulis TviTRirebulebis 

gamoTvlis xerxs. rogorc wesi, produqciis TviTRirebuleba 

sxvadasxva saxeobis danaxarjebisagan Sedgeba. danaxarjebis 

efeqtiani kontrolisa da marTvis mizniT, aucilebelia 

materialuri da SromiTi danaxarjebis identifikacia produqciis 

erTelze. swored kalkulaciis wesebis daxmarebiT gamoiTvleba 

damTavrebuli da daumTavrebeli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 

danaxarjTa saxeebis mixedviT. kalkulaciis meTodebi 

saSualebas iZleva mewarmem zustad icodes ra saxeobisa da ra 

raodenobis resursebi ixarjeba ama Tu im produqciis damzadebaze 

an gaweul momsaxurebaze, raTa dagegmos realuri fasebi 

da misaRebi mogeba, agreTve, SeimuSaos mogebis gadidebis 

RonisZiebebi. 

nebismieri sawarmos ekonomikuri saqmianoba calkeuli 

66 67

qmedebis anu sameurneo operacebis erTobliobas warmoadgens. 

es safinanso-ekonomikuri moqmedebebi anu operaciebi gamudmebiT 

cvlis sawarmos aqtivebis, valdebulebebis, sakuTari kapitalis, 

Semosavlebisa da xarjebis moculobasa da struqturas. 

am cvlilebebis Sedegebis dasadgenad gamoiyeneba specialuri 

tipis cxrilebi, rasac buRaltruli angariSebi ewodeba. amdenad, 

buRaltruli angariSi aris firmis saqmianobaSi warmoqmnili 

ama Tu im cvlilebis aRricxvis xerxi. sameureno operaciebiT 

gamowveuli cvlilebebi im angariSze aRiricxeba, romel 

angariSsacmocemuli cvlileba Seexeba. magaliTad, fuladi 

Tanxebis miReba an gacema cvlis fuladi Tanxebis raodenobas, 

amitom es operacebi fulis aRmricxvel angariSze aRiricxeba. 

masalebis moculobaSi warmoqmnili cvlilebebi _ masalis angariSze 

aRiricxeba da a.S. 

amrigad, buRaltruli angariSi aris buRaltruli aRricxvis 

erTerTi mniSvnelovani xerxi, romelic Tvisebrivad erTgvarovan 

aqtivebs, valdebulebebs, sakuTar kapitals, Semosavlebsa 

da xarjebs dajgufebulad da dinamikaSi aRricxavs da romelTa 

gareSe firmebSi ganxorcielebuli saqminaobis Sedegebis dadgena 

SeuZlebelia. vinaidan, cvlilebebi mxolod ori mimar- 

TulebiT _ zrdis an Semcirebis saxiT SeiZleba moxdes, yvela 

buRaltrul angariSs ori mxare aqvs, romelTac tradiciulad 

~debeti~ da ~krediti~ ewodeba. 

sameurneo operaciebi buRaltrul angariSebSi ormagi aRricxvis 

xerxiT aisaxeba. ormagi aRricxvis (Caweris) xerxis 

gamoyenebis aucilebloba gamowveulia imiT, rom sawarmoTa 

ekonomikaSi arsebobs Sida ekonomikuri wonasworobis kanonzomiereba: 

yoveli erTi qmedeba, minimum ori sxvadasxva ekonomikuri 

maCveneblis Tanabari zomiT cvlilebas iwvevs. amitom 

orive maCveneblis cvlileba unda aRiricxos. magaliTad, Tu 

firmam bankidan aiRo moklevadiani sesxi 5 000 lari. es erTi 

operacia erTdroulad cvlis firmis fulad Tanxebs, kerZod 

zrdis mas da meore mxriv, aseve 5 000 lariT izrdeba davalianeba 

bankis mimarT, romelic droulad unda daifaros. amitom, 

resursebis marTvisa da kontrolis miznebi moiTxoven mocemuli 

operaciafuladi Tanxebisa da valdebulebebis angariSebze 

calkcalk aRiricxos. SesaZloa erTi sameurneo operaciis Sedegad 

sawarmoSi orze meti ekonomikuri maCvenebeli Seicvalos, 

magram wonasworobis kanonzomiereba arasodes irRveva. swored 

amitom, oramgi aRricxva niSnavs, erTi sameurneo operaciiT, 

erTidaigive Tanxis Caweras minimum or angariSze: erTis _debetSi 

da meoris _ kreditSi. 

SevniSnavT rom, cneba ormagi an oradi aRricxva SeiZleba 

gaazrebul iqnas rogorc,sawarmos finansur SedegebSi erTi 

da igive Tanxebis orjer aRiareba, rac bunebrivia ar SeiZleba 

marTebulad CaiTvalos da amdenad, msmenelSi dabneulobas 

iwvevs. am uxerxulobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, mizan- 

Sewonilad migvaCnia gamoyenebul iqnas termini òrmxrivi 

aRricxva~. 

sawaroTa ekonomikaSi arsebuli Sida wonasworobis buRaltrulad 

sworad asaxvis dadasturebis mizniT sacdeli balansis 

momzadebis xerxi gamoiyeneba. 

sacdeli balansi aris sawarmos saqmianobis aRricxvaSi gamoyenebuli 

yvela buRaltruli angariSis naSTebis deklaracia 

Semosavlebisa da xarjebis angariSebis daxurvamde. sadebeto 

naSTebisa da sakredito naSTebis saboloo jamebi erTmaneTis 

toli unda aRmoCndes, rac imas niSnavs, rom sawarmos mikroekonomikaSi 

arsebuli Sida wonosworobis kanonzomiereba saaRricxvo 

sistemaSi sworadaa asaxuli. 

dRemde iTvleba, rom buRaltruli aRricxvis meSvide xerxi 

aris buRaltruli balansi (3.12; 10.38; 11.33), xolo merve xerxia 

angariSgeba, rac Cveni azriT, mcdari midgomaa Semdeg garemoebaTa 

gamo. 

pirveli,rogorc buRaltruli balansi, aseve mogeba-zaralis 

angariSgeba sacdeli balansis informaciis safuZvelze 

mzaddeba. kerZod, sacdeli balansidan aqtivebis, valdebulebebisa 

da sakuTari kapitalis aRmricxveli angariSebis naSTebi 

buRaltrul balansSi, Semosavlebisa da xarjebis aRmricxveli 

angariSebis naSTebi ki mogebazaralis angariSgebaSi gadadis. 

buRaltruli aRricxvis swavlebis saerTaSoriso programul 

saxelmZRvaneloSi, sacdeli balansi SeiZleba iTqvas, calke 

xerxadaa ganxiluli (7. 61-64). swored sacdeli balansis momzadeba 

warmoadgens im xerxs, romliTac gamoisaxeba mTavari sabalanso 

anu ekonomikuri wonasworoba. buRaltruli balansis 

Sedgenamde jer sacdelma balansma unda gasces pasuxi kiTxvaze: 

aRicxvaSi sworadaa Tu ara asaxuli sawarmos saqmianobaSi ganvlil 

periodSi warmoqmnili yvela finansur-ekonomikuri wonasworoba. 

mxolod amis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli finansuri angariSgebis 

momzadeba. 

meore, buRaltruli balansi aris finansuri angariSgebis 

68 69

erTerTi Semadgeneli komponenti. finansuri angariSgebis saer- 

TaSoriso standartebiT, angariSgebis sruli paketi moicavs: 

buRaltrul balanss, mogebazaralis angariSgebas, fuladi 

nakadebis angariSgebas, angariSgebas sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis 

Sesaxeb da werilobiT axsna - ganmartebebs. amdenad, 

identifikacia: _ ~balansi da angariSgeba~, maT urTierT 

sapirispiro mxares ayenebs, rac aralogikuria da amdenad, 

angariSgebidan buRaltruli balansis gamocalkaveba mar- 

Tebulad ar migvaCnia. 

mesame, angariSgeba aris sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobisa 

da misi saqmianobis finansuri Sedegebis struqturulad Camoyalibebuli 

suraTi. igi dgeba periodulad: wliurad, yovelTviurad 

an ufro mokle periodisaTvis firmis Sida marTvis 

mizniT, yovelwliurad ki _ gare momxamareblebisaTvis. angariSgeba 

saSualebas iZleva ESefasdes firmis gadaxdisunarianobisa 

da momgebianobis done, romlis safuZvelzec saTanado 

rekomendaciebi SemuSavdeba.. 

finasuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebis 

ganmartebis Tanaxmad, `finansur angariSgebaSi aRwerilia saangariSgebo 

periodSi momxdari yvela sameurneo operaciisa da 

movlenis finansuri Sedegebi, romlebic dajgufebulia maTi 

ekonomikuri maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT. amgvar farTo dajgufebas 

finansuri angariSgebis elementebs uwodeben”. angariSgebis 

elementebia: aqtivebi, valdebulebebi, sakuTari kapitali, Semosavlebi 

da xarjebi. pirveli sami elementi swored buRaltrul 

balansSia warmodgenili. marTalia, buRaltrul balansSi gadmocemulia 

firmis ekonomikaSi arsebuli erTerTi wonasworobis 

kanonzomiereba aqtivebsa, valdebulebebsa da sakuTar kapitals 

Soris, magram manamde, swored sacdeli balansi asaxavs 

wonasworobis srul sivrces xuTive elementis monawileobiT, 

rogoricaa, aqtivebi, valdebulebebi, sakuTari kapitali, Semosavlebi 

da xarjebi.buRlatruli balansi da angariSgebis danarCeni 

komponentebi ki erToblivad iZleva firmis gadaxdisunarianobisa 

da momgebianobis analizis informacias. sacdeli 

balansi aris angariSgebis momzadebis wina safexuri da Sesabamisad 

xerxi, romlis Semdegac angariSgebis momzadeba iwyeba. 

amrigad, angariSgebidan buRaltruli balansis, rogorc 

baRaltruli aRricxvis xerxis calke gamoyofa, gamarTlebuli 

araa (13. 117-122). buRaltruli balansi, angariSgebis danar- 

Cen komponentebTan erTad, aRricxvis sainformacio sistemis 

safuZvelze asaxavs sawarmos finasuri mdgomareobisa da misi 

saqmianobis finansuri Sedegebis struqturul suraTs. angariSgebis 

xuTive komponenti saaRricxvo ciklis bolo stadiaze 

mzaddeba,yvela erT mizans emsaxureba da yvela erToblivad 

firmis gadaxdisunarianobisa da momgebianobis suraTs qmnis. 

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, buRaltruli aRricxvis 

meTodis Semadgeneli rva xerxidan, meSvide xerxad, Cveni azriT, 

unda CaiTvalos sacdeli balansi. buRaltruli balansi 

ki miekuTvneba merve xerxs _ angariSgeba. 

4. buRaltruli angariSebi da maTi 

daniSnuleba 

buRaltruli angariSebi gamoiyeneba sameurneo operaciebis 

anu cvlilebebis aRsaricxavad. buRaltruli angariSi, rogorc 

ukve aRiniSna, aris specialuri moxazulobis cxrili, romelSic 

saTando wesiT aRiricxeba erTgvarovani tipis cvlilebebi anu 

sameurneo operaciebi. nebismieri tipis sawarmos ekonomikur 

saqmianobaSi momxdari operaciebi anu calkeuli qmedebebi, cvlilebas 

iwveven finansuri angariSgebis elementebSi: aqtivebSi, 

valdebulebebSi, sakuTar kapitalSi, Semosavlebsa da xarjebSi. 

menejmentis mTavari funqciaa Seiswavlos saqmianobis procesSi 

momdari cvlilebebis Sedegebi, radgan cvlilebebi xelsayrel 

an araxelsayrel finansur Sedegebs iZlevian. amitom, ganvlili 

periodis ganmavlobaSi moxdari cvlilebebiT gamowveuli esa 

Tu is Sedegebi warmoadgens kompaniis rogorc xelmZRvanelebis, 

ise gareSe dainteresebuli pirebis ganxilvis sagans. 

mowesrigebuli aRricxvisa da marTvis mizniT, aucilebelia 

erTgvarovani saxis aqtivebi calkcalke aRiricxos; erTgvarovani 

saxis valdebulbebi asve calkcalke aRiricxeba da a.S. 

amitom, TiToeuli saxis sameurneo elementisaTvis Sesabamisi 

saxelwodebis buRaltruli angariSi gamoiyeneba. 

operaciebiT gamowveuli cvlilebebi mxolod ori: zrdis 

an Semcirebis mimarTulebiT SeiZleba moxdes. amitom, yovel 

buRaltrul angariSsac ori mxare aqvs, romelsac tradiciulad, 

laTinuri warmoSobis terminebi: `debeti` da `krediti~ 

hqvia. imis mixedviT,ekonomikuri Sinaarsi mixedviT buRaltru- 

70 71

li angariSi ras aRricxavs, gansxvavebulia `debetisa~ da ~kreditis~ 

Sinaarsi. 

buRaltruli angariSebis mxareebis: `debetisa~ da `kreditis~ 

Sinaarsis gaazreba buRaltruli angariSebis ekonomikuri 

Sinaarsis mixedviT klasifikacias efuZneba. 

ekonomikuri Sinaarsis mixedviT buRaltrul angariSebs aqtiur, 

pasiur da aqtiur-pasiur angariSebad yofen. 

resursebisa da maTi danaxarjebis aRmricxvel angariSebs 

aqtiuri angariSebi ewodeba. maT aqvT debetis naSTi. zrda 

aRiricxeba _ debetSi, Semcireba aRiricxeba _ kreditSi. aqtiuri 

angariSebia: mimdinare aqtivebis, grZelvadiani aqtivebis 

da xarjebis aRmricxveli angariSebi. 

qonebis SeZenis aRmricxvel angariSebs pasiuri angariSebi 

ewodeba. maT aqvT kreditis naSTi, zrda aRiricxeba _ kreditSi, 

Semcireba _ debetSi. pasiuri angariSebia: valdebulebebis, sakuTari 

kapitalisa da Semosavlebis aRmricxveli angariSebi. 

buRaltruli angariSebis naSTebi asaxaven sawarmoTa safinanso-ekonomikur 

saqmianobaSi momxdari sameurneo operaciebiT 

gamowveuli cvlilebebis Sedegebs. mimdinare periodis 

saboloo naSTebi warmoadgens momavali periodis sawyis naS- 

Tebs, radgan saqmianoba grZeldeba da ar wydeba. 

buRaltruli angariSebis naSTebi SeiZleba ori meTodiT 

gamoiTvalos: brunvis meTodiT da mTliani jamis meTodiT. 

brunvis meTodiT: 

aqtiuri angariSis saboloo naSTi udris debetis sawyis naSTs 

mimatebuli debetis brunva da gamoklebuli kreditis brunva. 

rogorc wesi, brunvaSi naSTi ar Sedis. 

pasiuri angariSebis saboloo naSTi udris kreditis sawyis 

naSTs mimatebuli kreditis brunva da gamoklebuli debetis 

brunva. 

aqtiuri angariSi pasiuri angariSi 

d------------------------------- k d------------------------------- k 

naSTi:7 000 * 14 000 naSTi:14 000 

• 12 000 * 15 000 * 15 000 * 24 000 

• 13 000 * 20 000 * 10 000 

brunva: 25 000 br:: 29 000 br:: 35 000 brunva: 34 000 

---------------- ----------------- 

naSTi: 3 000 naSTi: 13 000 

mTliani jamis meTodiT: 

TiToeul buRaltrul angariSze gamoiTvleba debetisa da 

kreditis mTliani jamebi sawyisi naSTis CaTvliT. udidesi jamierTi 

striqonis gamotovebiT, Caiwereba angariSis orive mxares. 

Semdeg, gamoiTvleba damabalansebeli ricxvi, romelic miRebuli 

jamebis sxvaobis tolia da Caiwereba umciresi jamis mxares, rogorc 

gadasatani naSTi. sacdel balansSi gadatanis Semdeg ewodeba 

`gadatanili naSTi~. amrigad, gadasatani (an gadatanili)naSTi 

aris igive saboloo naSTi. xolo sawyis naSTs _ `gadmotanil 

naSTs~ uwodeben. 

aqtiuri angariSi pasiuri angariSi 

d--------------------------------k d-----------------------------------k 

gadmotanili * 14 000 *15 000 gadmotanili 

naSTi: 7 000 * 15 000 * 20 000 naSTi: 14 000 

* 12 000 gadasatani * 24 000 

* 13 000 naSTi: 3 000 * 10 000 

--------- ---------- gadasatani 

32 000 32 000 naSTi 13 000 

-------- ---------- --------- ---------gadatanili 

48 000 48 000 

naSTi 3 000 --------- ---------gadatanili 

naSTi13 000 

• aqtiur angariSze gadasatani naSTi = 32 000 – (14 000 + 15 000) = 3 000 

• pasiur angariSze gadasatani naSTi = 48 000 – (14 000 + 24 000 + 10 000) = 13 000 

saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi xSirad gamoiyeneba naSTebis gamoTvlis 

mTliani jamis meTodi. 

buRaltruli angariSisdebetSi Tanxis Caweras am angariSis 

debetoba ewodeba. xolo, Tanxis Caweras buRaltruli ngariSis 

_kreditSi,am angariSis kreditoba ewodeba. 

Sida ekonomikuri wonasworobis kanonzomierebis Tanaxmad, 

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, sawarmoTa saqmianobaSi momxdari 

yoveli sameurneo operacia saqmianobis sxvadasxva maCveneblebis 

Tanabari zomis RirebulebiT cvlilebas iwvevs. swored 

am kanonzomierebis aRricxvaSi asaxvis mizniT, buRaltrul 

angariSebSi sameurneo operaciebi ormagi (igive oradi anu ormxrivi) 

aRricxvis meTodiT aRiricxeba. davuSvaT mesakuTris 

mier biznesSi Setanilia (dabandebulia)10 000 lari. es operacia 

erTi mxriv zrdis sawarmoSi fulis masas 10 000 lariT da meore 

mxriv, imave odenobiT izrdeba mesakuTris wili sawarmos aq- 

72 73

tivebSi. maSasadame, am operaciis buRaltruli aRricxvisaTvis 

saWiroa `fulis` da `sawesdebo kapitalis~ angariSebi, radgan 

sawesdebi kapitali axasiaTebs mesakuTris wils. amdenad, mocemul 

operaciaze Sedgeba Semdegi buRaltruli muxli: 

debeti _ fulis angariSi_ 10 000 l 

krediti _ sawesdebo kapitali _ 10 000 l 

amdenad, ormagi (ormxrivi) aRricxvis safuZvelze, erTi angariSis 

debeti udris mokorespodento angariSis kredits. 

erTi operaciis safuZvelze angariSTa dakavSirebas angariS- 

Ta korespodencia ewodeba. xolo TviT dakavSirebul angariSebs 

_ mokorespodento angariSebs uwodeben. Cvens magaliTze mokorespodento 

angariSebia `fulisa~ da `sawesdebo kapitalis~ 

angariSebi. 

finansur angariSgebisadmi damokidebulebis mixedviT ganasxvaveben 

balansis, anu realur, anu mudmiv angariSebs da mogeba-zaralis, 

anu droebiT, anu nominalur angariSebs. 

ganzogadebis xarisxis mixedviT: gamoiyofa sinTezuri da 

analizuri angariSebi. sinTezuri angariSi igive naerTi anu sakontrolo 

angariSia, romelzec aRricxva mxolod fulad formaSi 

xdeba. 

yovel sinTezur angariSs aqvs analizuri angariSebi detaluri 

aRricxvisaTvis. 

saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi gamoiyeneba e.w. `damxmare angariSi~, 

aRricxvaSi daSvebuli Secdomis gasworebis koreqtirebisaTvis. 

es angariSi arsebiTad teqnikuri xasiaTis, aqtiur-pasiuri angariSia. 

Tumca, Cven SesaZleblad migvaCnia, agreTve gamoyenebul 

iqnas Cvens praqtikaSi kargad cnobili `stornos~ meTodi. 

davuSvaT, aRmoCnda, rom 200 lari zedmetad aris aRricxuli 

fulis angariSze: 

debeti _ damxmare angariSi _ 200 

krediti _ fuli_ 200 

saaqcio kapitalis angariSis kreditSi 400 lariT naklebi 

Tanxa aRmoCnda aRricxuli: 

debeti _ damxmare angariSi _ 400 

krediti _ saaqcio kapitali _ 400da a.S. 

stornos meTodi ufro moxerxebuli iqneba maSin, roca Tanxebi 

mokorespodento angariSebze Sebrunebuladaa aRricxuli. 

aseTi Secdoma SeiZleba damxmare angariSis gareSe Seswordes. 

5. saaRricxvo ciklis safexurebi 

saaRricxvo cili aris periodi pirveladi dokumentis Sedgenidan, 

finansuri angariSgebis Sedgenamde. igi moicavs Semdeg 

safexurebs: 

1. sameurneo operaciebis anu faqtebis gaformeba Sesabamisi 

saxis pirveladi dokumentebiT. 

rogorc wesi, pirveladi dokumenti aris, sawarmos saqmianobaSi 

momxdari ama Tu im ekonomikuri movlenis kanonierebis mtkicebuleba. 

aRricxvaSi ki dauSvebelia ukanono operaciebis 

aRiareba-asaxva. 

2. pirveladi dokumentebidan sameurneo operaciebis gadatana 

JurnalebSi, rogoricaa: Sesyidvebis Jurnali, Sesyidvebis 

ukan dabrunebis Jurnali, gayidvebis Jurnali, gayidvebis 

ukan dabrunebis Jurnali, salaros Jurnali; 

3. Jurnalebidan operaciebis gadatana mTavar saregistracio 

JurnalSi anu saerTo JurnalSi. 

mTavari Jurnali ukve warmoadgens ormagi aRricxvis nawils. 

masSi mieTiTeba buRaltruli muxlebi anu mokorespodento 

angariSebis saxelebi da operaciis mokle Sinaarsi. saerTo Jurnali 

warmoadgens kontrolis karg saSualebas aRricxvaSi 

daSvebuli Secdomebis SemowmebisaTvis. Jurnalis yoveli gverdis 

Sevsebisas jamdeba debetisa da kreditis svetebi, romelTa 

jamebi erTmaneTs unda daemTxves. 

operaciebis saregistracio anu saerTo JurnalSi erTgvarovani 

operaciebi periodebis mixedviT, dajamebulad gadaitaneba 

Sesyidvebis, gayidvebis da sxva Jurnalebidan (wignebidan). 

4. operaciebis saregistracio Jurnalidan buRalatruli 

muxlebis gadatana mTavar sabuRaltro wignSi anu `t~ angariSebSi; 

imisaTvis, rom mTavari sabuRaltro wigni ar gadaitvirTos, 

masSi ixsneba mxolodsakontrolo anu mTavari angariSebi (igive 

sinTezuri angariSebi). mTavari angariSebis analizuri anu individualuri 

angariSebi ki ixsneba calke. magaliTad, mTavar 

wignSi ixsneba debitoruli da kreditotuli davalianebebis 

sakontrolo angariSebi, romelTa analizuri anu individualuri 

angariSebi ixsneba calke, debitoruli davalianebebis in- 

74 75

dividualur wignSi da kreditoruli davalianebebis individualur 

anu analizur wignSi. amasTan, sakontrolo angariSebi 

Sedis ormxrivi aRricxvis sistemaSi. individualuri anu analizuri 

angariSebis wignSi ormxrivi aRricxva ar xdeba. yovelTviuri 

naSTi jamdeba da DSeudardeba sakontrolo angariSis naSTs, 

romlebic erTmaneTs unda daemTxves. 

5. saboloo naSTebis gamoTvla mTavari wignis BbuRaltrul 

angariSebSi 

mTavari wignis angariSebze saboloo naSTebis gamoTvlis Semdeg, 

moxdeba sinTezuri da anlizuri angariSebis monacemebis 

Sedareba. kerZod, romelime mTavari anu sakontrolo angariSis 

analizuri angariSebis debetebis brunvebis jami unda daemTxves 

amave sakontrolo angariSis debetis brunvas; analizuri 

angariSebis sakredito brunvebis jami maTi sakontrolo angariSis 

kreditis brunvis toli unda iyos da saboloo naSTebis 

jamic unda daemTxves sakontro angariSis saboloo naSTs. 

6. mTavari wignidan buRaltruli angariSebis saboloo 

naSTebis gadatana sacdel balansSi. 

rogrc ujve aRvniSneT, sacdeli balansi aris buRlatruli 

angariSebis naSTebis deklaracia. mas aqvs sadebeto da sekredito 

naSTebis svetebi, romelTa jamebi erTmaneTs unda daemTxves. 

Tu aRmoCnda, rom sacdel balansSi aucilebeli toloba 

dairRva, aRmoCenili unda iqnas is Secdomebi, ramac es 

gadaxra gamoiwvia. saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi gavrcelebuli 

praqtikiT,sxvaobis Tanxa sacdeli balansis sadebeto da 

sakredito naSTebis svetebis jamebs Soris e.w. damxmare angariSze 

gadaitaneba. 

damxmare angariSs uwodeben iseT angariSs, romelzec debetisa 

da kreditis Tanxebi inaxeba manam, sanam ar gairkveva romel 

angariSebze unda iqnas gadatanili es Tanxebi. 

sacdel balansSi aRmoCenili Secdoma ise aisaxeba damxmare 

angariSis debetSi an kreditSi, rom moxdes sacdeli balansis 

dabalanseba. Tu sacdel balansSi debetis naSTebis svetis jami 

aRemateba sakredito naSTebis svetis jams, maSin sxvaobis Tanxa 

aisaxeba damxmare angariSis kreditSi da sacdeli balansis 

kreditis svetSi Caiwereba `damxamre angariSi~. es erTaderTi 

SemTxvevaa, rodesac angariSebis wignSi keTdeba ara ori, aramed 

erTi Canaweri. damxmare angariSis gaxsnis Semdeg xdeba misi `gawmenda~ 

ormxrivi (ormagi) aRricxvis meTodiT, sanam damxmare an- 

gariSi ar ganuldeba. 

7. koreqtirebuli sacdeli balansis Sedgena _ am safexurze 

xdeba im naSTebis koreqtireba, romlebic buRaltrul balanssa 

da mogebazaralis angariSgebaSi unda iqnas aRiarebuli. 

kerZod, moxdeba xarjebisa da Semosavlebis periodizacia Tu 

es manamde ar momxdara. agreTve, grZelvadiani aqtivebis Rirebulebidan 

gamoiqviTeba dagrovili cveTis Tanxebi da a.S. 

8. damasrulebeli gatarebebi. am etapze mogeba-zaralis 

angariSiT ixureba Semosavlebisa da xarjebis aRmricxveli 

angariSebi, ris Sedegadac gamovlindeba finansuri Sedegi _ 

mogeba an zarali. xolo mogeba-zaralis angariSi daixureba 

gaunawilebeli mogebis an daufaravi zaralis angariSiT. 

9. sacdeli balansidan mogeba-zaralis angariSgebis Sedgena. 

am safexurze, sacdeli balansi da Semosavlebisa da xarjebis 

angariSebis naSTebi gadaitaneba mogebazaralis angariSgebaSi 

(garda winaswar miRebuli Semosavlebisa da gaweuli 

xarjebisa). 

10. sacdeli balansidan buRaltruli balansis Sedgena, 

risTvisac, aqtivebis, valdebulebebisa da sakuTari kapitalis 

angariSebis naSTebi buRaltrul balansSi gadaitaneba.am mizniT, 

praqtikaSi gamoiyeneba samuSao cxrili, romelsac Tormeti sveti 

aqvs. kerZod, or-ori sveti sawyisi balansis, sacdeli balansis, 

koreqtirebebis, koreqtirebuli sacdeli balnsis, mogebazaralis, 

da buRaltruli balansis saboloo naSTebisaTvis. 

11. mTavari sabuRaltro wignis angariSebidan fuladi nakadebisa 

da sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis angariSgebaTamomzadeba. 

amrigad, saaRricxvo ciklis safexurebi zogadad SeiZleba 

Semdegnairad warmovadginoT: 

saaRricxvo ciklis sqema 

pirveladi Jurnalebi mTavari sacdeli angariSgeba 

dokumentebi→ 

→ sabuRaltro → balansi→ 

wigni 

76 77

6.finansuri angariSgeba, rogorc finansuri 

aRricxvis mizani da misi analizuri 

mniSvneloba 

cnobilia, rom finansuri aRricxvis mizania moamzados finansuri 

angariSgeba gareT gamosaqveyneblad. 

finansuri angariSgeba aris sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobisa 

da finansuri Sedegebis struqturulad Camoyalibebuli 

suraTi. yvela iuridiuli piris finansuri angariSgeba aris 

sajaro xasiaTis da mas Seuferxeblad unda gaecnos nebismieri 

dainteresebuli piri. sawarmoTa finansur angariSgebaSi mocemuli 

informaciis analizi saSualebas iZleva Sefasdes, Tu ramdenad 

SeuZlia sawarmos dafaros misi valdebulebebi da ramdenad 

efeqtianadaa gamoyenebuli sawarmos gankargulebaSi myofi 

resursebi. 

aseTi analizis safuZvelze, sawarmoTa finansuri informaciis 

momxmareblebs SeuZliaT miiRon gadawyvetileba, daamyaron 

Tu ara raime tipis safinanso-ekonomikuri urTierToba 

mocemul sawarmosTan: miscen sesxebi, miawodon saqoneli, daabandon 

investiciebi da a.S. 

bass-is Tanaxmad finansuri angariSgeba moicavs buRaltrul 

balanss, mogebazaralis angariSgebas, fuladi nakadebis angariSgebas, 

sakuTar kapitalSi cvlilebebis angariSgebas da 

werilobiT ganmartebebs. 

finansuri aRricxvis garda ar arsebobs sxva saxis modeli an 

programa, romelic SeZlebs moamzados sawarmos finansuri angariSgeba. 

saTanado saaRricxvo meTodikis meSveobiT, finansuri 

aRricxva axdens nebismieri zomis moculobis resursebisa 

da ganusazRvreli raodenobis sameurneo operaciis Tavmoyras, 

dakvirvebas, dajgufebas, Sefasebas, detalur da naerT aRricxvas 

da yovelive amis Sedegad, sawarmos finansuri Sedegebis: mogebis 

an zaralis dadgenas. 

metad rTuli da mravalmxrivi saaRricxvo samuSaoebis gvirgvins 

warmoadgens finansuri angariSgeba. masSi yvela arsebiTi 

informacia isea Camoyalibebuli da sistemaSi moyvanili, rom 

misi Seswavlis safuZvelze yvela dainteresebul pirs SeuZlia 

gaarkvios, sawarmo rogori efeqtianobiT iyenebs resursebSi 

dabandebul yovel erT lars, rogoria misi mdgomareoba kre- 

ditunarianobis TvalsazrisiT, stabiluria Tu ara misi finansuri 

mdgomareoba. 

buRaltrul balansSi mocemulia sawarmos finansuri mdgomareoba 

(ix. cxrili 1). SevniSnavT rom, Cven buRaltruli balansis 

mxareebs tradiciulad _ àqtivsa~ da ~pasivs~ vuwodebT. 

buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebi buRaltrul 

balansSi, termins_ ~pasivi~ ar iyenebs. balansis marjvena 

mxares, aRricxvis standartiT ewodeba: `valdebulebebi da sakuTari 

kapitali~. zogierTi avtori `pasivebs~ mxolod valdebulebs 

uwodebs. Cveni azriT, gamomdinare iqedan, rom rogorc 

valdebulebebi, ise sakuTari kapitali, aqtivebis dafinansebis 

wyaros warmoadgenen, gamarTlebulia isini erTi saerTo terminis 

qveS gavaerTianoT da tradiciulad _ `pasivi~ vuwodoT. 

sabalanso informaciis safuZvelze SeiZleba gamoiTvalis 

sxvadasxva saintereso maCveneblebi da koeficientebi finansuri 

mdgomareobis ama Tu im mxaris Sesafaseblad (15. 12-16). davasaxelebT 

ramdenimes: 

sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebi, romelic aris sxvaoba mimdinare 

aqtivebsa da mimdinare valdebulebs Soris. 

myari finansuri mdgomareobis dros, sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebi 

unda aRematebodes materialur maragebs imave balansiT. 

xolo, normalur finansur stabilurobad iTvleba, roca: 

< < 

sakuTari sabrunavi materialuri dafinansebis 

saxsrebi maragebi `normaluri~ wyaroebi 

materialuri maragebis dafinansebis normalur wyaroebs 

miekuTvneba: sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebi, valdebuleba mowodebidan 

da moklevadiani sesxebi. 

agreTve, ganisazRvreba likvidurobis saerTo koeficienti, 

romelic mimdinare aqtivebisa da mimdinare valdebulebebis 

fardobis tolia. igi orsa da sams Soris unda meryeobdes. 

dadebiT finansur mdgomareobaze miuTiTebs agreTve isic, 

roca balansiT, sakuTari kapitalis wili aqtivebSi, aRemateba 

valdebulebebis wils da ase Semdeg. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 

angariSgebaze dayrdnobiT, maravali saxis saintereso maCvenebeli 

SeiZleba gamoiTvalos (15). 

78 79

cxrili 1 

.buRaltruli balansi 2008 31.12. (lari) 

buRaltrul balansSi asaxulia kapitalis finansuri Senar- 

Cunebis koncefcia. kapitalis finansuri SenarCunebis koncefciis 

mixedviT, mogebis aRiareba xdeba maSin, rodesac wminda 

aqtivebis fuladi Rirebuleba saangariSgebo periodis bolos, 

aRemateba wminda aqtivebis fulad Rirebulebas periodis dasawyisSi, 

kapitalis yovelgvari damatebiTi Senatanebisa da 

gadanawilebis gamoqviTvis Semdeg.saerTod, kapitali iTvleba 

SenarCunebulad, Tu periodis bolos iqneba igive kapitali, rac 

periodis dasawyisSi iyo. 

motanili pirobiTi magaliTis mixedviT, balansis monacembis 

safuZvelze e.i. finansuri SenarCunebis koncefciis Tnaxmad: 

mogeba = (78 310 - 62 780) - 10 000 = 5 530 l 

mogebis miRebul sidides Tu davumatebT daricxul dividends 

( 1200 ) d mogebis gadasaxads (3 000 ), miviRebT dasabegri 

mogebis sidides 9 750 lars. maSasadame, kapitalis SenarCunebis 

orive koncefcia urTierTkavSirSia da erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad 

ar aseboben. 

rogorc cnobilia, mogebazaralis angariSgeba dgeba daricxvis 

principiT da SeiZleba ori meTodiT momzaddes: danaxarjTa 

funqciuri daniSnulebisa da danaxarjTa elementebis mixedviT. 

funqciuri daniSnulebis mixedviT danaxarjebis dajgufeba 

xdeba maTi xarjvis miznobriobis mixedviT (ix: cxrili 2). aseTi 

midgoma gamoiyeneba momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebSi. xolo, 

danaxarjebis ekonomikuri elementebis mixedviT mogeba-zaralis 

angariSgeba unda moamzados mrewvelobis, soflis meurneobisa 

da mSeneblobis seqtoris sawarmoebma (ix: cxrili 3). Tu 

mocemuli seqtoris sawarmoebi mogeba-zaralis angariSgebas 

danaxarjTa funqciuri daniSnulebsi mixedviT moamzadeben, 

maSin axsna-ganmartebiT SeniSnvnebSi mainc aunda aCvenon danaxarjTa 

elementebi, radgan es informacia aucilebelia makro 

doneze, qveynis mTliani Sida produqtis gamoTvlisaTvis. 

80 81

cxrili 2 

mogebazaralis angariSgeba 

(danaxarjebis fuqnciuri daniSnulebis mixedviT) 

cxrili 3 

mogebazaralis angariSgeba 

(danaxarjTa elementebis mixedviT) 

82 83

ogorc vxedavT, mogebazaralis angariSgebaSi mogebis ramdenime 

maCvenebli gamoiTvleba. axali cvlilebebiT, sawarmoebs 

SeuZliaT angariSgebaSi ar aCvenon saoperacio mogeba da pirdapir 

dasabegri mogeba gansazRvron.. 

mogebzaralis angariSgebaSi, rogorc adre aRvniSneT, asaxulia 

kapitalis fizikuri SenarCunebis koncefcia. romlis Tanaxmad 

mogeba Semosavlebsa da xarjebs Soris sxvaobis tolia. 

fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba mzaddeba mTavari wignis fuladi 

Tanxebis, debitorebis da kreditorebis angariSebis monacemebidan. 

es angariSgebac SeiZleba ori meTodiT Sedges. 

aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovniT, sabaziso 

meTodia e.w. pirdapiri meTodi (ix: cxrili 4). es meTodi iZleva 

sawarmos fuladi nakadebis analizis saSualebas. fuladi nakadebis 

angariSgeba mzaddeba sakaso principiT. misi analizi sa- 

Sualebas iZleva Sefasdes, sawrmoSi realurad rogor moZraobs 

fuli da xom ar arsebobs fulis brunvis problemebi. SeiZleba 

aRmoCndes, rom sawarmos mogeba gaaCndes, magram ganicdides 

fuladi saxsrebis deficits, romlis Sefaseba xdeba swored 

fuladi nakadebis angariSgebis informaciis safuZvelze. 

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba 

SeiZleba momzaddes alternatiuli xerxiT _ arapirdapiri 

meTodiT. am meTodiT gansxvavebulia mxolod pirveli ganayofis 

momzadebis meTodi. kerZod, xdeba dasabegri mogebis koreqtireba 

arafuladi muxlebiT (rogoricaa, cveTis xarji, 

maragis danaklisi da sxva)) da arasaoperacio SemosavlebiTa 

da xarjebiT, ris Sedegadac miiReba _ mogeba sabrunav saSualebebSi 

cvlilebamde. koreqtirebisaTvis, dasabegr mogebas 

xarji emateba, Semosavlebi ki akldeba (ix: cxrili 5). miRebuli 

mogebis maCvenebeli fulad nakadebamde rom iqnes dayvanili, 

amisaTvis, mas unda gamoakldes debitoruli davalianebebis 

zrda buRaltruli balansiT,daematos momwodeblebTan davalianebebis 

naSTebis zrda da gamoakldes sasaqonlo materialuri 

maragebis naSTebis zrda. 

gadaxdili mogebis gadasaxadi, procentebi da dividendebi 

`saoperacio saqmianobis~ ganayofSi mewarmem unda aCvenos imitom 

rom, rogorc wesi, saimedo finansuri mdgomareobis pirobebSi, 

sawarmom es xarjebi ZiriTadi saqmianobidan miRebuli 

fuladi saxsrebiT unda dafaros. 

84 85 

cxrili 4 

fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba 

(pirdapiri meTodiT)

cxrili 5 . 

fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba 

(fragmenti, arapirdapiri meTodiT) 

arapirdapiri meTodiT momzadebul angariSgebas `fuladi 

nakadebis Sesaxeb~ _ naklebi analizuri mniSvneloba aqvs. amitom 

mas mxolod arasruli saaRricxvo Canawerebis dros mimar- 

Taven. 

finansuri angariSgebis meoTxe komponentia àngariSgeba sakuTar 

kapitalSi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb~, romelic mTavri wignis 

angariSebis da fasiani qaRaldebis gmoSvebis analizuri monacemebis 

safuZvelze mzaddeba (ix: cxrili 6): 

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, finansur angariSgebas didi analizuri 

mniSvneloba gaaCnia misi momxmareblebisaTvis. masSi gadmocemuli 

informaciis safuZvelze gamoirkveva sawarmos ara 

mxolod gadaxdisunarianobis, aramed, momgebianobis sxvadasxva 

maCveneblebic. ase magaliTad: 

aqtivebis momgebianoba = (dasabegri mogeba * 100) : aqtivebis 

jami = 

= 9 730 *100 : 116 640 = 8,3% 

maSasadame, mimdinare wels, yovel erT lar aqtivze miRebuli 

iqna 8,3% mogeba. moxdeba am maCveneblis Sedareba wina wlebis 

an saSualo dargobriv maCveneblebTan da gakeTseba Sesabamisi 

daskvnebi.SeiZleba momgebianobis maCveneblebi wmindamogebis 

maCveneblis safuZvelzec gamoiTvalos, rac ufro metad sainteresoa 

mesakuTreebisaTvis. Seiswavleba agreTve dividendi 

erT aqciaze, Semosavali erT aqciaze da a.S. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom, erTerTma ingliselma mecnierma eduard 

alTmanma, Seiswavla ra ramdenime aTeuli kompaniis finansuri 

mdgomareoba, romlebic gakotrdnen, SeimuSava sawarmos kreditunarianobis 

indeqsi (z), romlis minimaluri done2,675 unda 

iyos. 

z = 3,3 k 1 + 1,0 k 2 + 0,6 k 3 + 1,4 k 4 + 1,2 k 5 sadac, 

k 1 = mogeba %isa da gadasaxadis gadaxdamde / mTeli aqtivebi 

k 2 = amonagebi realizaciidan / mTeli aqtivebi 

k 3 = sakuTari kapitali (sabazro fasiT) / moziduli kapitali 

k 4 = dagrovili gaunawilebeli mogeba / mTeli aqtivebi 

k 5 = sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebi / mTeli aqtivebi 

mocemuli indeqxi unda aRematebodes 2,675. am Sem- 

86 87

TxvevaSi, uaxloes sam weliwadSi, sawarmos safrTxe ar 

emuqreba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mosalodenelia misi 

gakotreba da misi Tavidan acilebis mizniT aucilebelia 

xelmZRvanelobam Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi gaataros. 

finansuri angariSgebis axsna_ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi 

sawarmom unda aCvenos saaRricxvo politika anu is xerxebi, daSvebebi 

da meTodebi, romelsac igi iyenebs aRricxvisa da finansuri 

angariSgebis momzadebis procesSi. agreTve, unda gaxsnas 

zogierTi informacia, rac angariSgebaSi gamoyofili ar aris. 

magaliTad, vadagadacilebuli debitoruli da krteditoruli 

davalianebebi da sxva. aseve, gadmocemuli unda iyos ZiriTadi 

finansuri koeficientebi da analizis ZiriTadi daskvnebi. 

88 89 

cxrili 6 

angariSgeba sakuTar kapitalSi 

cvlilebebis Sesaxeb (larebSi)

daskvna 

amrigad, winamdebare SromaSi ganvixileT buRaltruli 

aRricxvis Teoriuli safuZvlebi da saerTaSoriso standartebis 

ZiriTadi Sinaarsi. buRaltruli aRricxvis orive 

qvesistema: finansuri da mmarTvelobiTi aRricxva amzadebs 

informacias firmebis safinanso-ekonomikuri saqmianobis mar- 

Tvisa da sxvadasxva gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad. finansuri 

aRricxva informacias gareT gamosaqveyneblad amzadebs da 

sajaro xasiaTisaa,xolo, mmarTveloboTi aRricxva informacias 

amzadebs Sida marTvisaTvis da daxuruli xasiaTisaa. 

sawarmoTa mesakuTreebi, investorebi da mmarTvelebi buRaltruli 

aRricxvis informacias Tu miukerZoeblad Seiswavlian 

da Seismenen, ras winaswarmetyveleben saaRricxvo maCveneblebi, 

ekonomikuri krizisebis Tavidan acileba gaadvildeba. 

buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebi SemuSavebulia 

im mizniT, rom ganxorcieldes buRaltruli aRricxvis 

meTodebis harmonizacia saerTaSoriso masStabiT. amiT 

igi xels uwyobs buRalteriis mowesrigebas, aadvilebs saqmian 

urTierToebebs kompaniebsa da individebs Soris dedamiwis 

nebismier wertilSi. oRond, saWirod vTvliT gamartivdes zogierTi 

midgomebi TviT aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebSi. 

warmodegenil SromaSi gadmoveciT Cveni damokidebuleba 

da Tvalsazrisi zogierTi sakiTxis garSemo. kerZod: 

* buRaltruli aRricxvis meTodis Semadgeneli xerxebidan, 

meoTxe wyvili anu meSvide da merve xerxebi, dRemde formulirebulia 

Semdegnairad: `balansi da angarSgeba~. Cveni azriT, 

angariSgebisagan buRaltruli balansis gamoyofa gaumar- 

Tlebelia, radgan balansi TviT angariSgebis Semadgeneli 

komponentia. meSvide xerxad unda CaiTvalos _ sacdeli balansi, 

romelic aris periodis bolos, yvela buRaltruli 

angariSis naSTebis CamonaTvali da warmoadegns imis dadasturebas, 

rom sawarmos mikroekonomikur saqmianobaSi arsebuli 

Sida wonasworobis obieqturi kanonzomiereba aRricxvaSi 

sworadaa asaxuli. sacdeli balansidan mzaddeba 

buRaltruli balansi da mogebazaralis angariSgeba. buRaltruli 

balansic rasakvirvelia, warmoadgens buRaltruli 

aRricxvis meTods, magram finansur angariSgebasTan erTad; 

* saaRricxvo CanawerebSi aRmoCenili Secdomebis gasworebis 

mizniT, damxmare angariSTan erTad, zogjer 

ufro efeqturi iqneba gamoyenebuli iqnas `storno~, 

raTaA xelovnurad ar gaizardos anagariSebis brunvebi; 

* finansuri angariSgebis `struqturul safuZvlebSi~ aRniSnulia, 

rom sawarmos SeuZlia gamoiyenos kapitalis finansuri 

an fizikuri SenarCunebis koncefcia. vfiqrobT, rom finasuri 

angariSgebis momzadebis dros orive koncefcia gamoiyeneba. 

kerZod, buRaltruli balansi _ kapitalis finansuri Senar- 

Cunebis, xolo, mogebazaralis angariSgeba _ kapitalis fizikuri 

SenarCunebis koncefcias eyrdnoba. orive koncefcia dakavSirebulia 

erTaneTTan da izolirebulad ar arseboben da 

amdenad, sawarmoebs ar SeuZliaT an erTi an meore gamoiyenon; 

* calke unda xdebodes gansakuTrebuli 

xarjebisa da Semosavlebis identifikacia, romelic 

gamoiqviTeba mogebis dabegvris Semdeg; 

* xarjebis cnebis ganmartebebSi gaumarTleblad migvaCnia 

gaerTianebuli iqnes ~warmoebis xarjebi~ da `zarali~; 

* gaumarTleblad migvaCnia ZiriTadi saSualebebis `nar- 

Ceni Rirebulebisa~ da `salikvidacio Rirebulebis~ gaigiveba. 

ZiriTadi saSualebebis narCeni Rirebuleba saWiroa gamoTvlil 

iqnes yovelwliurad, pirvandeli Rirebulebidan dagrovili 

cveTis gamoklebiT. salikvidacio Rirebuleba ki ( CvenSi adre 

arsebuli tradiciiTac ) aris aqtivis likvidaciis dros arsebuli 

narCeni Rirebuleba likvidaciis xarjebis gamoklebiT; 

* saWirod vTvliT gamartivdes ZiriTadi saSualebebis 

Sefasebis meTodika da gauqmdes gaufasurebis zaralis 

yovelwliuri testireba, rac subieqturi midgomebis gamo 

uzustobis Zalian maRal albaTobas warmoSobs da Sesabamisad, 

dausabuTeblad amcirebs dasabegri mogebis sidides. 

saerTod, aucileblobad vTvliT muSaobisa da kvlevebis 

gaZlierebas buRaltruli aRricxvis saer- 

TaSoriso standartebis gamartivebis mimarTulebiT. 

90 91

Problematical gueshons of fi naccial acconting 

R e s u m e 

Financial and Menegerial accounting are subsistems of Bookiping. The Finacial 

accounting prepares information for autcustomers and Mnegeriel accounting 

for management. 

If the possessors and managers of buziness must studi to information of accounting 

and must realize how speaking the guides of accounting, economikal 

crisis will not be exist. 

The aim of International Financial Repording Standards and international 

Accounting Standards are the harmonization of the world accounting. It help 

accounting thet everything must be in order and it regulates relationship betveen 

companies. 

But in my mind it is necessary to simplify accounting methods in International 

Accounting Standards. 

gamoyenebuli literatura 

1. finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebi, 

Targmani inglisuridan, nawiliI Tbilisi, 2004 

2. finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebi, Targamni 

inglisuridan, nawili II, Tbilisi, 2004. 

3. buRaltruli aRricxvis safuZvlebi, ACCA, saerTaSoriso 

versia, saxelmZRv. rusul enaze. 1999 

4. finansuri angariSgebis momzadeba, ACCA, saxelmZRvanelo, 

saerTaS. versia, Targm. inglisuridan. Tb., 2006 

5. finansuri angariSgeba, ACCA, wigni 2.5. Targm. inglisurdan, 

Tb., 2006 

6. beriSvili i., finansuri aRricxva, Tb., 2008 

7. gregori menqiu, ekonomikis principebi, Targan. inglis. 

Tb., 2000 

8. kupreiSvili e., buRaltruli aRricxva, Tb., 2005 

9. maisuraZe m., finansuri aRricxva, Tb., 2009 

10. xarabaZe e., buRaltruli aRricxvis safuZvlebi, Tb., 

2008 

11. xorava a., kvataSiZe n., sreseli n., gogriWiani z., buRaltruli 

aRricxva, Tb., 2008 

12. ZaZamia r., finansuri aRricxva da angariSgeba, Tb., 2000 

13. WilaZe i., cvlilebebi buRaltruli aRricxvis xerxebis 

identifikaciaSi, Jurnali: ekonomika da bo\iznesi, Tsu, 2008, # # 6 

14. WilaZe i. _ finansuri analizi, damxmare saxelmZRvanelo, 

Tb., 2004 

15. WilaZe i. _ ZiriTadi saSualebebis Sefasebis problemuri 

sakiTxebi, Jurnali `biznesi da kanonmdebloba~, 2009, # 2. 

16. finansuri aRricxva, b.g. geTmanis redaqciiT, rusul 

enaze, moskovi, 2005 

92 93

i z o l d a W i l a Z e

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