arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti Arnold ...

arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti 

Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics

G i o r g i G o g o l a s h v i l i 

GEORGIAN VERB 

(FORM-BUILDING ISSUES) 

Tbilisi 

2010

g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i 

q a r T u l i z m n a 

(formawarmoebis sakiTxebi) 

Tbilisi 

2010

edaqtorebi: 

recenzentebi: 

teqnikuri redaqtori 

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa 

ASBN 

© giorgi gogolaSvili 

avTandil avTandil arabuli 

arabuli 

mixeil mixeil qurdiani qurdiani 

qurdiani 

Tedo Tedo Tedo uTurgaiZe 

uTurgaiZe 

vaxtang vaxtang vaxtang imnaiSvili 

imnaiSvili 

levan levan vaSakiZe 

vaSakiZe 

rusudan rusudan gr grigoliasi 

gr goliasi

qarTuli zmnis sarkvevi 

profesorma giorgi gogolaSvilma gansakuTrebulad uer- 

Tgula qarTuli zmnis problematikas. SeiZleba iTqvas, Tavisi 

samecniero moGvaweobis ganmavlobaSi mas arasodes SeuCerebia 

fiqri im problemebze, romlebic qarTuli zmnis formawarmoebis 

urTules sistemasTan aris dakavSirebuli da romelTac 

mkvlevarTa araerTi Taobis Zalisxmeva Selevia. es iKo mecnieris 

sakvalifikacio naSromebis ucvleli Tema da egeve Tematika dominirebs 

mis mravalricxovan publikaciebSi. 

da, ai, axla SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom winamdebare monografiis 

saxiT mkiTxvels sruli warmodgena Seeqmneba im mecnierul 

Sedegebze, rac mravalwliani Zalisxmevis Sedegad moupovebia avtors; 

SesaZlebloba eqneba erT mTlianobaSi dainaxos da Seafasos 

miGebuli daskvnebi, Caswvdes kvlevis principebsa da logikas. 

prof. giorgi gogolaSvili sakmaod detalurad mimoixilavs 

im istoriul winapirobebs, dawKebuli pirveli filologiuri 

gramatikebidan _ vidre akaki SaniZemde, ramac moamzada sakvlevi 

problematikis dGevandeli viTareba; magram mainc unda 

iTqvas, rom avtori gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva zmnuri sistemebisa 

da struqturebis formaluri analizis erTgulebiT. man amisa- 

Tvis Sesavlidanve moamzada Teoriuli postulatebi sauGlebel 

fuZesa da mwkrivis sxva formalur elementebTan dakavSirebiT 

da Semdgom Tanamimdevrulad icavs am princips. 

aman ganapiroba, magaliTad, is, rom mkvlevarma CamoaKaliba 

qarTuli zmnis uGlebis rvamwkriviani paradigma, gamoricxa ra 

mwkrivis fuZidan regularulad ganmeorebadi, saerTo elementi 

_ zmniswini. formaluri TvalsazrisiT aseTi modeli TiTqmis 

ugamonaklisod moqmedebs gardamavali zmnis formawarmoebisas; 

da radganac gardamavali zmnis modeli Kvelaze ufro srulia

6 

g. g o g o l a S v i l i. qarTuli zmna 

(unakloa) am TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba SemoTavazebuli paradigmatuli 

wesi pirobiTad ganvazogadoT mTel sistemaze. 

amgvarad, avtori gvTavazobs enobriv monacemTa aGweriT 

analizs da amas sulac ar uSlis xels is, rom igi mudmivad iTvaliswinebs 

da, SeiZleba iTqvas, paralelur yrilSi warmoadgens 

rogorc Zveli qarTulis, ise TiTqmis Kvela dialeqtis 

zmnuri formawarmoebis (paradigmatul) monacemebs. 

qarTuli zmniT dainteresebuli piri amieridan am erT 

wignSi ixilavs TavmoKrils arsebiTad Kvela sakiTxs, dakavSirebuls 

samive seriisa da maTSi Semaval mwkrivTa Sesaxeb. 

kidev erTi unda iTqvas avtoris sasargeblod: TiTqmis aravis 

gamouvlenia ise Grmad mwkrivTa warmoebis Sinagani, sistemuri 

determinizmi, rogorc es g. gogolaSvilma warmoaCina (magaliTad, 

wKvetilisa da kavSirebiTis mwkrivis niSanTa urTier- 

Tganpirobebuloba da am sistemuri kanonebis istoriuli dinamika 

da misT.). 

bolositKvaSi avtori ambobs: `SeiZleba wigni araTanabari 

moeCvenos kacs: zog sakiTxs meti KuradGeba mivaqcieT, zogs _ 

naklebi... magram gaviTvaliswinoT, rom es ar aris sistemuri 

kursi~. rogorc Cans, miTiTebuli ùTanabroba~ mecnieruli Ziebis 

bunebidan momdinareobs, albaT amiTac aris is saintereso. 

amJerad mTavari is aris, rom winamdebare wigni axal energias 

Semoitans qarTuli enis gramatikuli agebulebis SeswavlaSi da 

is did samsaxurs gauwevs qarTuli zmniT dainteresebul nebismier 

pirs. 

avTandil arabuli 

mixeil qurdiani

Sesavali 

* * * 

cnobili yeSmaritebaa: saxeli qarTul enaSi gacilebiT 

martivia, zmna _ uaGresad rTuli. am sirTulem aTqmevina XIX 

saukuneSi platon ioselians, rom qarTulSi Koveli zmna ukanonoao: 

`qarTulisa enisa zmnani Kovelnive arian ukanononi; TviTeulsa 

zmnasa aqvs Tviseba gardakeTebisa sxvad zmnad mimatebiTa, 

romelTame marcvalTa mravalTa sxvaTa sitKvisa nawilTa ZaluZsT 

gardaqceva zmnaT; aqedan gamovals siZnele kanonTa 

miGebisa maTTvis~ (p. ioseliani, 1840, gv. 49). niyieri gramatikosis 

amgvar Sefasebas qarTuli zmnis buneba Seapirobebda. 

momdevno periodis gramatikosi a. quTaTelaZe ase afasebs 

viTarebas: `dGemdis mainc ver vigdeT xelSi is klite, romelic 

aGebs Kvela zmnebis kars, rom, Sig ra aris, gavigoT; mainc ver 

gavxseniT dGemdis im saidumloebis naskvi, romelsac hqvia 

uGvlileba. e. i. ver mivageniT im kanons, romlis ZaliTac SegveZleboda 

Koveli zmnis Cagdeba kalapotSi uGvlilebis dros, da 

ise, rom erTmaneTSi ar aGgvreoda~ (a. quTaTelaZe, 1897, gv. 12). 

1929 wels arnold Ciqobavam p. ioselianis zemomoKvanili 

azri gaixsena da Tqva: `mas Semdeg 88 welma ganvlo, magram, samwuxarod, 

dGesac veravin itKvis, rom es siZnele daZleuli 

iKos; `qarTuli zmnis xlarTSi mecnieruli analizis Suqma Jerac 

ver Seatana da, albaT, sakmao dro gaivlis, sanam misi uCinari 

meqanizmis pirveladi berketebi gaSiSvldebodes~... Tqma ar 

unda, bevri ram aris ukve garkveuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, ZiriTadad 

Seicvala warmodgena qarTuli zmnis Sesaxeb, magram axlac ara 

Tu gadawKvetili ar aris Kvela sakiTxi, aramed dasmulic ki sa- 

Tanadod~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1998, gv. 13). 

am sitKvebis Tqmidan 80 weli gavida. gakeTda gacilebiT meti, 

vidre maSin SeiZleboda warmoedgina kacs. daisva da

8 


gadawKda uamravi sakiTxi, problema. gamoqveKnda aseulobiT na- 

Sromi, aTeulobiT monografia qarTuli zmnis sakiTxebs rom ikvlevs. 

da mainc: gasakeTebeli aris albaT gacilebiT meti, vidre 

gakeTda dGemde. qarTuli zmna amouwuravi sabadoa, saganZuria, 

romlis gamomzeureba da srulKofili Seswavla momavlis saqmea. 

winamdebare wignis avtoris mizani qarTuli zmnis SeswavlaSi 

SeZlebisdagvari wvlilis Setanaa. naSromi Cveni ocdaaTwliani 

fiqris Sedegia. avtori bednieri iqneba imiT, Tu es nafiqri 

Tavis mizans miaGwevs. 

* * * 

1984 wels enaTmecnierebis institutSi Tematuri samecniero 

konferencia gaimarTa _ `qarTuli zmnis uGvlilebis formobrivi 

da semantikuri analizi~. am konferenciaze wavikiTxe moxseneba 

`nakvTeulTa sistema da uGvlilebis tipebi axal qar- 

TulSi~ (g. gogolaSvili, 1984(1)). am naSromSi pirvelad davsvi 

sakiTxi imis Taobaze, rom gadasasinJia mwkrivTa raodenobis sakiTxi 

axal qarTulSi. kerZod, mimaCnda, rom mKofadis wris 

gamoKofa (mKofadi, xolmeobiTi, mKofadis kavSirebiTi) formobrivi 

TvalsazrisiT ar aris gamarTlebuli da axal qarTulSi 

realurad, formobriv-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT 8 mwkrivi 

gvaqvs (nacvlad saKovelTaod miGebuli 11 mwkrivisa). sakiTxis 

amgvarad dasma moulodneli aGmoCnda zogierTTaTvis da zedmet 

siTamamed CauTvales avtors. erT-erTma cnobilma enaTmecnierma 

aGSfoTeba ver damala da replikis _ `formalizmi amaze Sors 

ver wavao~ _ Semdeg darbazi datova... 

mwkrivTa raodenobis sakiTxi uGlebis zogad sakiTxebTan 

iKo gadaJayvuli da vcadeT, es Tvalsazrisi gagvevrco da argumentirebuli 

gagvexada. 1988 wels wigni gamovida amgvari saTauriT 

_ `qarTuli zmnis uGvlilebis sistema~. wignis gamosvlas 

dumiliT Sexvdnen, magram roca es naSromi 1992 wels sadoqtoro 

disertaciad warvadgine, polemika sakmaod mZime da seriozuli 

iKo. sadisertacio sabyom disertants Ziebuli xarisxi mianiya... 

am problemebze muSaoba grZeldeboda. 

rva mwkrivis idea momxreebs iZenda. al. onianis or wignSi 

aris vrceli msJeloba imis Taobaze, rom mKofadis wris 

gamoKofa Tanamedrove qarTulSi morfologiurad gaumarTlebelia 

(a. oniani, 1998, gv. 212 da Semd.; a. oniani, 2003, gv. 148 da

Sesavali 

Semd.). CvenTvis faseulia TvalsazrisTa aseTi damTxveva, Tumca 

cota gaugebrobas amgvari msJeloba iwvevs: `msgavsi Tvalsazrisi, 

erTgarad gansxvavebul argumentaciaze damKarebiT, Cvengan damoukideblad, 

wamoKenebulia g. gogolaSvilis naSromSi (miTiTebulia 

1988 wels gamocemuli wigni _ g. g.). rodesac es naSromi 

gamoqveKnda, Cveni Sexeduleba im saxiT, ra saxec mas winamdebare 

wignSi aqvs, ukve CamoKalibebuli iKo, amitom SesaZleblad miviCnieT, 

Cveni Sexeduleba ucvlelad warmogvedgina, Tumca arsebuli 

Tvalsazrisis gaTvaliswineba (albaT igulisxmeba g. gogolaSvilis 

Tvalsazrisi _ g. g.), mas (e. i. a. onianis Tvalsazriss? 

_ g. g.) mxolod sargeblobas moutanda. mkiTxvels SeuZlia 

TiToeul maTgans cal-calke gaecnos~ (!) (a. oniani, 1998, 

gv. 217). aseTive komentari gvxvdeba avtoris Semdegdroindel 

gamocemaSic: `msgavsi Tvalsazrisi, erTgvarad gansxvavebuli argumentaciiT, 

Cvengan damoukideblad, wamoKenebulia g. gogolaSvilis 

naSromSi (g. gogolaSvili, 1988, gv. 82-99). rodesac es 

naSromi gamoqveKnda, Cveni aq warmodgenili Sexeduleba xel xelna xel na- 

wer werSi wer Si ukve dasrulebuli iKo, amitom SesaZleblad miviCnieT misi 

ucvlelad gamoqveKneba... 

g. gogolaSvilis naSromis gaTvaliswineba, is is is rom rom Cve Cveni Cve ni 

Se Sexe Se 

xe xedu 

dule 

lebis le bis da dasru da dasru 

srule srule 

leba 

bamd 

mde md e gamo gamoqveKne 

gamo gamoqveKne 

qveKnebu 

buliKo bu liKo (xazi Cvenia _ 

g. g.), cxadia, ramdenadme Seamsubuqebda Cvens Sromas. ise ki ori 

avtoris erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad msgavs Tvalsazrisamde 

misvla garkveviT metKvelebs Tvalsazrisis sasargeblod~ (a. oniani, 

2003, gv. 155). arada, es wigni TiTqmis 20 wlis Semdeg daibeyda 

Cveni Tvalsazrisis gamoqveKnebidan... magram amas axla Cven- 

Tvis ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba; mTavari isaa, rom aq dro-kiloTa 

sistemis Cveneuli xedva aris gaziarebuli... 

kidev erTi saintereso faqti: 1999 wlis 17 maiss enaTmecnier 

ramaz qurdaZis sadoqtoro disertaciis dacvisas oficialurma 

oponentma prof. z. sarJvelaZem Tqva, rom prof. givi mayavariani 

saleqcio kursSi aGniSnavda I seriaSi mKofadis wris 

mwkrivTa gamoKofis mizanSeuwonlobas; I seriaSi sam mwkrivs miiCnevda 

kanonierad. z. sarJvelaZem isic daamata, rom am Tvalsazrisis 

Sesaxeb ar SeiZleba scodnoda g. gogolaSvils, radgan es 

saleqcio kursi ar gamoqveKnebulao... CvenTvis es cnoba friad 

faseuli iKo... 

9

10 


dro-kiloTa sistemis 8 erTeuliT warmodgena dadebiTad 

iqna aGqmuli da garkveulwilad mas daemKaren zmnis uGlebis 

formalizebuli sistemis aGwerisas (q. daTukiSvili, 1997...) da 

sxva... 

* * * 

dro-kiloTa sistemaze roca vmsJelobT, KuradGebas 

ipKrobs samecniero terminologiis sakiTxi. es problema gansakuTrebiT 

iCens Tavs sauGlebeli erTeulis (zogadad) da misi 

saxelebis (konkretulad) terminebis mimarT. 

vfiqrob, qarTuli gramatikis arcerT sferoSi ara gvaqvs 

aseTi siyrele terminologiuri TvalsazrisiT, rogorc am SemTxvevaSi. 

praqtikul gramatikebSi sauGlebeli erTeulis saxelad ZiriTadad 

dro dro ixmareba, magaliTad, antonTan (e. babunaSvili, 

1970, gv. 140). imasac miuTiTeben, rom igi zogJer jam jam-sac jam 

gamoiKenebs (iqve), z. SanSovanis termins (arn. Ciqobava, 1965, gv. 

85). xSir SemTxvevaSi aGreulia dro dro, dro dro, 

, ki kilo ki kilo 

lo, lo, 

, rogorc sakuTriv 

kategoria Tu sauGlebeli erTeuli. adreul SromebSi, magali- 

Tad, sadoqtoro disertaciaSi, a. SaniZe gamoiKenebs dros dros, dros dros , ki- 

ki 

los los: los los `Tu zemore moKvanil zogad tabulas (II) kerZo SemTxvevebisaTvis 

vixmarT, e. i. ama Tu im dro droisa dro dro sa da ki kilosaTvis 

ki Tvis gamoviKenebT, 

maSin igi... aseT saxes miiGebs~ (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 118) 

da iqve sqemaa mocemuli: 

namKo namKo sru srulis sru lis Jgu Jgufi Jgu 

fi 

namKo sruli mKofadi (anu natvr. k.) 

namKo mravalgziTi brZanebiTi 

awmKos Jgu Jgufi Jgu 

fi 

awmKo erTgziTi awmKos mravalgziTi 

namKo usruli brZanebiTi 

(iqve, gv. 118-120) 

amave naSromSi dro dro-ki dro dro ki kiloc ki loc gamoiKeneba: àwmKos Jgufis 

dro-kiloTa formebi ufro naklebad ixmareba~ (iqve, gv. 194). 

a. SaniZis 1930 wlis gramatikaSi sauGlebel erTeuls wev- 

wev 

ri daerqva: `pirvel seriaSi sami wev wevria wev wevria 

ria~... ria SemdgomSi wev wevri wev wevri 

ri icvleba 

terminiT ri rigi ri 

gi gi: gi `Kvela piriani forma zmnisa SeiZleba iKos

Sesavali 

aT ri rigad ri 

gad gad~... gad (a. SaniZe, 1935, gv. 025). sauGlebeli erTeulis saxelad 

ri rigi ri 

gi ufro adre d. kariyaSvilma gamoiKena (d. kariyaSvili, 

1930, gv. 6...). a. SaniZis zemomoKvanili citata Zveli qarTuli 

enis saxelmZGvanelodanaa, romelic 1934 wels gamovida (Cven 

davimowmeT meore gamocema); am saxelmZGvanelos V gamocemaSi 

(1938 w.) avtorma gamoiKena ri rigi ri 

gi gis gi sinonimuri sitKva mwkri mwkrivi mwkri mwkri vi da 

mwkri mwkrivi mwkri vi kategoriad gamoacxada. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna 1942 wlis gramatikaSi a. SaniZe SeniSnavs: `mwkrivi~ 

warmodgeba `mwkar~-isagan, romelic igivea, 

rac bwkari, pwkari. bwkari amjamad sxvaTa Soris, 

striqonsac aGniSnavs wignSi~ (a. SaniZe, 1942, gv. 

209). mwkr mwkriv-Si mwkr -iv iv imave rigis formantadaa mi- 

Cneuli, rogoricaa qvr qvr-iv qvr iv iv-Si iv (← qmri-iv), mudm- 

mudm 

iv iv-Si iv (a. SaniZe, 1942, gv. 142). 

sabolood damkvidrda kidec es termini qarTul gramatika- 

Si. 1941 wels specialuri gamokvlevac mieZGvna am Temas (a. Sani- 

Ze, 1941), romlis ZiriTadi debulebebi Sevida `qarTuli gramatikis 

safuZvlebSi~, sadac avtori am terminis (mwkri mwkri mwkrivi 

vi) vi ucxo 

enebze Targmnis sakiTxzec msJelobs: `sasurveli iqneboda, rom 

es termini SesuliKo saerTaSoriso gramatikul terminologia- 

Si, magram gamartivebuli saxiT, rom sxva erovnebaTa warmomadgenlebs 

gauadvildeT maTi gamoTqma. Cemi winadadeba aseTia: rus. 

скрива (ж. р.), fr. la skrive, germ. die Skrive, ingl. the skrive (gamo- 

Tqvan, rogorc moexerxebaT). amiT saSualeba mogvecema, Tavi davaxwioT 

uxerxulobas bevrgan da gansakuTrebiT semituri enebis 

zmnebSi, sadac uGlebis formebi uxvad gvaqvs, magram `dro~ xSirad 

arc ki~ (a. SaniZe, 1942, gv. 210). es SeniSvna (da winac, romelSic 

terminis dasabuTeba iKo) gramatikis safuZvlebis momdevno 

gamocemebSi (1953 da Semdgomi) amoGebulia; gasagebia: 

terminis moxerxebulobis, saSualo skolis saxelmZGvaneloebisa 

da avtoris avtoritetis wKalobiT es termini TiTqmis saKovel- 

Taod damkvidrda. 

sauGlebeli erTeulis aGsaniSnavad arn. Ciqobava adreul 

SromebSi gamoiKenebs terminebs dro dro, dro , dro dro-ki dro ki kilo ki lo (arn. Ciqobava, 

11

12 


1928, gv. 194, 206...). mogvianebiT am terminis SesatKvisad arn. 

Ciqobavam ixmara `nakvTi~. rogorc Cans, es termini adrec Kofila 

gamoKenebuli, oGond ara sauGlebeli erTeulis aGsaniSnavad, 

aramed zmnu zmnuri zmnu ri for formis for mis aGmniSvnelad: `nakvTi, gamomxatveli 

imis moqmedebis an mdgomareobis, romelic laparakobs, pirveli 

piris nakvTad iwodeba~ da misTanani (ix. d. kariyaSvili, 1930, 

gv. 49). arn. Ciqobavas damsaxurebaa is, rom misi skolis enaTmecnierTa 

SromebSi es termini damkvidrda. aq erTi momentia sagulisxmo: 

am terminis damkvidrebas axlda cnebis gansxvavebuli gageba 

_ arn. Ciqobavas azriT, `nakvTi teqnikuri terminia da miu- 

TiTebs uGvlilebis erTeulze am erTeulis funqciis aGuniSnavad, 

amitom nakvTi ver iqneba gramatikuli kategoria (ufunqcio 

kategoria ar aris kategoria!) iseve, rogorc gramatikul kategorias 

ar gulisxmoben terminebi `bgera~, `marcvali~, `xmovani~, 

`fuZe~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1948, gv. 8). mogexsenebaT, a. SaniZis azriT, 

mwkrivi gramatikuli kategoriaa (amis Taobaze qveviT ufro dawvrilebiT 

mogviwevs saubari), amitomac SemdgomSi arCevani _ 

mwkrivi Tu nakvTi _ imis Sesabamisad wKdeboda, am cnebis rogor 

gagebasTan gveqneboda saqme... Cveulebriv, a. SaniZis skolis 

warmomadgenlebi gamoiKenebdnen termins mwkri mwkrivi mwkri mwkrivi 

vi, vi arn. Ciqobavasi 

_ termins na nakvTi na 

kvTi kvTi. kvTi amitom SeiZleba arc iKos gamarTlebuli am 

terminTa paraleluri gamoKeneba ama Tu im gamokvlevaSi, magram 

ama Tu im avtoris naazrevis moxmobisas zogJer ar moxerxdeba, 

gverdi avuaroT termins, romelsac igi gamoiKenebs. Cvens SemTxvevaSi 

zogJer paraleluri xmareba am terminebisa amiT iqneba 

Sepirobebuli. miuxedavad imisa, viziarebT Tu ara cnebis zustad 

imgvar gagebas, romelic termins `mwkrivi~ axlavs, Cven mainc 

ufro moxerxebulad miviCnevT mas da amitomac msJelobaSi, Cveulebriv, 

mas gamoviKenebT. saerTod ki gansaxilveli sakiTxisaTvis 

aseT SemTxvevaSi sinonimur terminTagan erT-erTis SerCevas 

principul mniSvnelobas ar vaniyebT. 

araa erTvagvarovneba, ufro sworad, sakmao siyrelea 

mwkrivTa saxelebad gamoKenebul terminebSic. 

`cnobilia, rom tradiciulad SemuSavebuli gramatikuli 

nomenklatura xSirad ar Seefereba saqmis namdvil viTarebas da 

zogJer iseTia, rom pirdapir xels gviSlis movlenis Seswavlisa

Sesavali 

da sworad Sefasebis saqmeSi. magram arsad tradiciuli terminebi 

ise xelis SemSleli ar Kofila, rogorc zmnaTa uGlebis 

dargSi. tradiciis ugulebelKofa rom SesaZlebeli iKos, sul 

Sesacvlelia mTeli kompleqti mwkrivTa saxelebisa. idealuri 

iqneboda, rom mwkrivTa saxelebis darqmevis dros mxedvelobaSi 

ar KofiliKo miGebuli maTi Semadgeneli elementebi, rogoricaa 

dro, kilo, gzisoba da sxva, aramed monaxuliKo sruliad neitraluri 

saxelebi, _ Tundac xelovnuri, romlebic miekuTvneboda 

ama Tu im mwkrivs; vTqvaT, saxelebi darqmeodaT maT xeebis 

saxelebis mixedviT: arKisa, fiyvisa, naZvisa, soyisa, wiflisa, 

rcxilisa, wablisa, muxisa da sxva (es azri _ `xeebis saxelebi~ 

_ 1942 wlis gamocemaSi araa, Cndeba 1953 w. _ g. g.), rac arsebiTad 

erTgvari reforma iqneboda. magram radganac amis SesaZlebloba 

amjamad ar aris, iseTi xerxi mainc unda iqnes moZebnili, 

rom movlenis arsebiTi mxare ar daiCrdilos~ (a. SaniZe, Tb., 

1973, gv. 217). 

a k a k i S a n i Z i s zemomoKvanili msJeloba kidev ufro 

konkretdeba mwkrivTa saxelebis darqmevis SemTxvevisaTvis: 

`mwkrivebis saxelTa darqmevis dros SeiZleba Semdegi principiT 

vixelmZGvaneloT: rodesac mwkrivSi elementTagan marto dro da 

kilo aris, TxrobiT kiloian mwkrivebs drois mixedviT davarqvaT 

saxeli, sxva kiloian mwkrivebs ki _ kiloTa mixedviT. rodesac 

mwkrivSi droisa da kilos sxva elementic emateba, maSin 

saxelis arCevis dros mTavari KuradGeba am damatebul elements 

mieqces. Tu sadme neitraluri saxeli moiZebneba, tradiciulad 

SemuSavebuli, is Tavis alagas iqnes gamoKenebeli... am SemTxveva- 

Sic mwkrivis cneba ar unda avrioT drois an kilos cnebasTan~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 217). 

faqtobriv, es ori msJeloba aris instruqcia imisaTvis, Tu 

rogor unda SemuSavdes terminebi, ras unda mieqces KuradGeba. 

kidev erTi msJeloba terminologiuri xasiaTisa: `gaugebrobis 

Tavidan asacileblad aqve unda ganvacxadoT, rom dro drois dro is aGsaniSnavad 

mxolod es sami termini gvaqvs gamoKenebuli: ex exlan ex 

lan lande lan de- 

li li, li war warsu war warsu 

suli su li da mo moma mo 

ma mava 

vali vali 

li. li rac Seexeba aqamomde arsebulebs 

awmKos awmKos, awmKos , namKos da mKofads mKofads, mKofads isini SeiZleba garkveul mwkrivebs 

mivakuTvnoT. aqac qarTulSi amaTgan marto àwmKo~ da `mKofadi~ 

gvyirdeba. `namKo~ ki SeiZleba sxva enebisaTvis gamogvadges~ 

13

14 


(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 199). aq kidev erT moments mivapKroT KuradGeba: 

a. SaniZe roca akeTebs arCevans, es arCevani KovelTvis motivirebulia, 

argumentirebulia. magaliTad, ganmarteba imisa, Tu ratom 

amJobina es terminebi: `terminebi awmKo awmKo, awmKo , namKo namKo, namKo 

, mKofa mKofadi mKofa 

di di xelovnuria 

da anton I-isagan momdinareobs. pirvel or maTgans 

Camokvecili aqvs bolo marcvali: awmKo awmKo(fi awmKo fi fi), fi , na na-mKof na 

mKof mKof(fi mKof fi fi). fi ). 

mKofa Kofa Kofadi Kofa di (mKoobadi, mKobadi) igivea, rac Kofadi, e. i. rac unda 

iKos. 

aGniSnuli terminebi xelovnurobis garda ramdenadme 

uxerxulic aris amjamad, radganac àwmKo~-Si aw Zveli mniSvnelobiT 

aris naxmari: aw, _ exla, aw-mKo(fi) _ exla mKofi, magram 

dGes terminis pirvel nawils àwis~ ukavSireben, romelsac 

dasavlur kiloebSi sul sxva mniSvneloba aqvs: awi (awiT) _ 

amas iqiT, amieridan~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 199). 

miuxedavad amgvari kritikuli damokidebulebisa, awmKosa 

awmKosa 

da mKofa mKofads mKofa s a. SaniZe mwkrivis saxelebadac gamoiKenebs; ase rom, 

pirobiToba da tradiciis angariSis gaweva faqtia terminTa SerCevisas... 

terminTa SerCevis problemurobaze saubrobs a r n o l d 

C i q o b a v a c. zmnur terminologiaze, kerZod dro-kiloTa sistemis 

erTeulTa Sesaxeb roca msJelobs, KuradGebas miaqcevs 

imas, rom gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes nakvTis funqciuri mxare; 

`rac Seexeba nakvTis funqcias, aq sayiroa iKos gaTvaliswinebuli 

nakvTis (...) semantikur-stilisturi Sinaarsi, erTis mxriT, 

da sintaqsuri mxare, e. i. konstruqcia, romelsac nakvTi moi- 

Txovs...~ iqve aGniSnavs, rom èrTi romelime funqciiT nakvTis 

daxasiaTeba, ra Tqma unda, miT ufro SeuZlebelia, rom iseTi 

SedarebiT martivi movlena, rogorsac warmoadgens sadaurobis 

warmoeba, sadaurobis aGniSvniT ar amoiwureba (TuSi _ TuSuri; 

zmna _ zmnur-i, subieqti _ subieqtur-i). gaugebrobas agvacilebda 

nakvTis saxeli struqturuli TvalsazrisiT mogveca (ubralo 

numeraciis wesiTac ki!), xolo Tu funqciebze daKrdnobiT 

davaxasiaTebdiT nakvTs, ZiriTadi funqcia unda gamovKoT da 

ar vivaraudoT, TiTqos amiT sruli funqciuri daxasiaTeba 

warmovadgineT~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1962, gv. 102). saerTod ki, sagulisxmoa 

avtoris zogadi Segoneba: `mecnieruli azrovnebisaTvis 

mTavaria cneba da ara termini. termins TavisTavadi Girebuleba

Sesavali 

ara aqvs, igi cnebis gadmocemas emsaxureba~ (arn. Ciqobava, 

1948(1), gv. 7). 

ase rom, saubroben terminTa SerCevis problemurobaze; 

zog SemTxvevaSi kritikuli analizis Semdegac ZalaSi rCeba tradiciuli 

terminebi. mag.: awmKo (a. SaniZe da sxv.), TurmeobiTi 

(arn. CiqobavasTan...). zog SemTxvevaSi tradiciulad qceuli 

terminis Canacvleba xdeba; mag.: uwKveteli (a. SaniZe) _ namKo 

usruli (arn. Ciqobava); wKvetili (a. SaniZe) _ namKo ZiriTadi 

(arn. Ciqobava)... 

konkretulad sauGlebel erTeulTa aGmniSvnel terminebze 

Sesabamis erTeulTa analizis dros visaubrebT. Cven ZiriTadad 

vecdebiT, gamoviKenoT is terminebi, romlebic ufro miGebulia 

saxelmZGvanelos tipis gamocemebSi da amitom ufro metad aris 

gavrcelebuli. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi upiratesoba eniyeba a. SaniZis 

mier damkvidrebul terminebs. Tuki amis sayiroeba iqneba, 

SevecdebiT davasabuToT, ratom vaniyebT upiratesobas romelime 

termins. saerTod ki, dro-kiloTa sistemis kvlevis am etapze ama 

Tu im terminis SerCevas principul mniSvnelobas ar vaniyebT. 

* * * 

dro-kiloTa sistemis sadGeiso problemebze sanam daviwKebT 

saubars, Tvals gadavavlebT sauGlebel erTeulTa 

gamoKofis, kvalifikaciis, klasifikaciis istorias zurab SanSovanidan 

moKolebuli niko maramde; anu praqtikuli gramatikebis 

periods samecniero gramatikamde. es gza sakmaod rTuli da Zneli 

iKo. gansakuTrebiT qarTuli zmnis sistemaSi garkveva uyirT 

gramatikosebs. 

zemoTac aGvniSneT, zmnis sistemis sirTulem platon ioselians 

aseTi ram aTqmevina, rom `qarTulisa enisa zmnani Kovelnive 

arian ukanononio~. 

problemas xedavdnen da SeZlebisdagvarad cdilobdnen am 

problemebis mogvarebas; aris Sedegebi, romelTac fasi dGesac 

ar daukargavs. amitom Koveli cda gramatikuli analizisa mniSvnelovnad 

gvesaxeba da aucileblad migvaCnia am Sedegebis gaTvaliswineba 

dGevandeli sistemis sworad gaazrebisa da agebisa- 

Tvis. 

zemoT terminologiur problemebze gvqonda saubari. albaT, 

qarTuli zmnis sistemis analizis dros arcerT kategorias 

15

16 


ar miupKria mkvlevarTa KuradGeba imdenad, ramdenadac es 

sauGlebel erTeulTa sistemas xvda wilad. albaT, arcerT sxva 

SemTxvevaSi ar Kofila iseTi gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebi, rogorc 

es am SemTxvevaSi iKo. 

erT magaliTs moviKvan meoce saukunis qarTuli enaTmecnierebidan: 

n i k o m a r i Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enisaTvis 

dro-kiloTa meore seriaSi or or mwkrivs mwkrivs gamoKofs: 

1. aoristi 

2. II kavSirebiTi (n. mari, 1908) 

a r n. C i q o b a v a s azriT, II seriaSi 3 mwkri mwkrivi mwkri vi unda gamoiKos: 

1. namKo ZiriTadi 

2. xolmeobiTi 

3. kavSirebiTi meore (arn. Ciqobava, 1948(1), gv. 55) 

4 4 mwkrivs gamoKofs adreul SromebSi a k a k i S a n i Z e: 

1. wKvetili 

2. II kavSirebiTi 

3. II xolmeobiTi 

4. brZanebiTi kilo (a. SaniZe, 1920, gv. 6) 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna terminologiur sxvaobaze amJerad KuradGebas ar 

vamaxvilebT. 

swored es oTxmwkriviani varianti miaCnia sworad z. s a - 

r J v e l a Z e s (z. sarJvelaZe, 2004, gv. 94). 

Cven vfiqrobT, rom Zvel qarTulSi II seriaSi 4 mwkri mwkrivi mwkri 

unda gamoiKos (g. gogolaSvili, 1988) 

1. wKvetili 



4. Sereuli kavSirebiTi 

mogvianebiT II seriis mwkrivTa raodenoba a. S a n i Z i s 

moZGvrebaSi xu xuTa xu 

Ta Tamde Ta mde gaizarda: 

1. wKvetili 


3. II brZanebiTi

Sesavali 


5. Sereuli kavSirebiTi (Sereuli mKofadi) 

(a. SaniZe, 1976). 

l e v a n k i k n a Z i s azriT, Zvel qarTulSi II seriaSi rva 

rva 

mwkrvi mwkrvi unda gamoiKos: 

1. wKvetili 


3. II brZanebiTi 


5. Sereuli namKo 

6. Sereuli xolmeobiTi 

7. Sereuli brZanebiTi 

8. Sereuli kavSirebiTi 

(l. kiknaZe, 1967) 

amJerad Cven ar ganvixilavT am Tvalsazrisebs, amis gakeTebas 

qveviT SevecdebiT. Cven mxolod imis Cveneba gvsurda, Tu 

dGes azrTa rogori sxvadasxvaobaa, erT konkretul sakiTxze _ 

ramdeni mwkrivia Zvel qarTul enaSi II seriaSi. rogorc davinaxeT, 

raodenoba merKeobs 2-dan 8-mde! ra xdeba? ra aris mizezi 

TvalsazrisTa aseTi sxvaobisa? ratom aris, rom erTi da igive 

forma erT avtorTan damoukidebel mwkrivad miiCneva, sxva avtorTan 

_ ara. da ra kriteriumebiT unda vixelmZGvaneloT, roca 

mwkrivs gamovKofT?... 

mwkrivis, rogorc formobriv-funqciuri monacemis, definicia 

gvaqvs ki saerTod? esa Tu is forma rodis SeiZleba miviCnioT 

damoukidebel mwkrivad da rodis _ erTi da imave mwkrivis 

formobriv variantebad? 

mokled: kiTxvaa uamravi, romlebzec erTmniSvnelovani pasuxi 

ar arsebobs. SevecdebiT am wignSi msgavs kiTxvebs pasuxi gavceT; 

is varianti SevTavazoT mkiTxvels, romelic Cven am Temaze 

fiqrisas logikurad gveCveneboda. 

qar qarTu qar qarTu 

Tuli Tuli 

li li enis enis enis enis ganvi gan gan ganvi 

viTa viTa 

Tare Tare 

rebis rebis 

bis bis etape eta eta etape 

pebis pebis 

bis bis 

((((pe pe peri peri 

rioooode ri de debis debis) 

bis bis) 

) ) Se Sesa Se Sesa 

saxeb saxeb 

xeb xeb 

Cvens naSroms `qarTuli zmna~ davarqviT. es ar aris wigni 

Zveli qarTulis an axali qarTulis Sesaxeb... cxadia, vikvlevT 

axal qarTul enas, magram gverds ver avuvliT qarTuli enis gan- 

17

18 


viTarebis sxvadasxva etapis, sxvadasxva nairsaxeobis monacemebs... 

martiv yeSmaritebas brZanebs a. SaniZe: ìstoriuli Tvalsazrisis 

gamoKeneba da dialeqtur formaTa moKvana Sedarebis mizniT 

kidev ufro sayiro gaxda uGlebis TavSi ($$ 445-565), vidre wina 

TavebSi, radganac amis gareSe bevri faqti axali saliteraturo 

qarTulisa gaugebari darCeboda: aq xSirad erTmaneTSia garTuli 

Zveli da axali formebi da maT-maTi adgilis miCena SeiZleba 

mxolod imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra viTareba iKo wina 

epoqebSi. marTlac, Tu istorias ar mivmarTeT, saidan unda gavigoT, 

ra aris is i, romelic `vundivar~-Si gvaqvs, an ra uZevs 

safuZvlad paraleluri formebis xmarebas, rogoricaa: daeSava 

($ 491), wavekideT da wavekideniT ($ 497) da sxva~ (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 018). verc iseT terminebs avuvliT gverds, rogoricaa 

Zveli, axali da saSuali qarTuli... amitomac, aq mainc sayirod 

vTvliT, Cveneuli xedva SevTavazoT mkiTxvels qarTuli enis ganviTarebis 

etapebis (periodebis) Sesaxeb. 

qarTul saenaTmecniero literaturaSi qarTuli enis periodizaciis 

sakiTxi azrTa did sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs. 

arsebobs Tvalsazrisi, rom ar unda moxdes qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis periodebad daKofa: `TxuTmetsaukunovani qar- 

Tuli mwerloba erTi saliteraturo eniT iqmneboda da iqmneba 

dGemde... specialur literaturaSi xmarebuli imgvari terminebi, 

rogoricaa `Zveli qarTuli ena,~ `Zveli qarTuli literatura,~ 

es aris pirobiTi, samuSao terminebi, umTavresad sxva xalx- 

Ta wamxedurobiT Seqmnili, romlebic ixmareba mecnieruli kvleva-Ziebis 

dros gamoKenebuli masalis marJved dasaJgufeblad...~ 

mkvlevris azriT, `Zvel da axal werilobiT Zeglebs Soris arsebuli 

enobrivi sxvaoba araviTar safuZvels ar qmnis dedaqarTulis 

`Zvel~ da àxal~ qarTulad gamoKofisaTvis~ (r. TvaraZe, 

1978, 42). 

arsebobs Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis ganviTarebaSi ori periodi unda gamoiKos: `Zveli 

qarTulisa (V-XI ss) da axali qarTulisa (XII- saukunidan 

dGemdis). axali qarTulis CamoKalibeba XII saukunidan iwKeba saero 

mwerlobis ZeglebSi; XVIII saukunisTvis es procesi damTavrebulia... 

axali qarTulisa da Zveli qarTulis gverdiT ver da-

Sesavali 

vaKenebT XII-XVII saukuneTa qarTuls; mas damoukidebeli saxe ar 

aqvs, arc gramatikuli wKobisa da arc ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondis 

mxriv. e. i. arc erTi im momentis mixedviT, rac enis safuZvels 

qmnis... mas, rogorc gardamaval safexurs, calke periodad 

_ Zveli da axali qarTulis gverdiT _ ver gamovKofT~ (arn. Ciqobava, 

1952, 364). 

qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebaSi sam periods 

gamoKofs akaki SaniZe: 

Zveli qarTuli ena (V-XI ss.); 

saSuali qarTuli ena (XII-XVIII); 

axali qarTuli ena (XIX-XX ss.) (a. SaniZe, 1920; 1976 da sxva). 

es Tvalsazrisi dGes Kvelaze metad aris gavrcelebuli; 

mis dasabuTebas sagangebo werilSi Seecada z. yumburiZe (z. yumburiZe, 

1982). iqve warmodgenilia sakiTxis Seswavlis vrceli 

mimoxilva. 

sam periods (V-XI, XII-XVII da XIX-dan) gamoKofs i. qavTaraZe 

da daumatebs: àGniSnuli sami periodis SigniT aris gardamavali 

etapebi, qveperiodebi, romelTa gamoKofa fakultatiuria da 

SeiZleba daemKaros, leqsikur-gramatikulis garda, funqciurstilistur 

principebs. aseTi iqneboda ZvelSi arabobamdeli da 

XI saukunis qveperiodebi; saSualSi, XII-XIII saukuneebis samwerlobo 

qarTuli, XIV-XVII saukuneebisa da antonis SexedulebaTa batonobisa 

(1760-1850w.w.); axalSi 1850-iani wlebidan 1921 wlamde 

da 1921 wlidan dGemde~ (i. qavTaraZe, 1972, gv. 35). 

saliteraturo enis ganviTarebaSi sam periods gamoKofs f. 

erTeliSvili, Tumca daKofa gansxvavebulia: `qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis periodizacia amgvari daKofiTa da terminebiT 

warmogvidgeba: Zveli saliteraturo ena _ V-XI ss., axali saliteraturo 

ena _ XII-XIX ss., Tanamedrove saliteratur ena _ XX s. 

(f. erTeliSvili, 1968). 

qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebaSi xuT periods 

(avtori mas etapebs uwodebs) gamoKofs b. JorbenaZe: saliteraturo 

enis ganviTarebaSi ùnda gamovKoT ramdenime periodi: 

1. pir pirve pir pirve 

veli 

li, li sawKisi etapia Zveli qarTuli, klasikuri saliteraturo 

ena V saukunidan XI-XII saukuneebamde, romlisTvisac niSandoblivia 

mkveTrad gamoKofili kanonzomierebani, kerZod kanonizebulia 

formebis mkveTrad dacva... 2. qarTuli saliteraturo 

19

20 


enis ganviTarebis me meore me 

re re etapi XI-XIII saukuneebidan iGebs saTaves, 

roca saero literaturis damkvidrebas arsebiTi cvlilebebi 

mohKva enobrivi TvalsazrisiTac... 3. ... realuri safrTxe gansakuTrebiT 

XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi daudga qarTul enas. uTuod amgvar 

viTarebaze reaqcias warmoadgens antonis sami stilis Teoria... 

swored es Teoria daedo safuZvlad qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis me mesa me 

sa same sa me etaps... 4. mxolod cocxali kiloebis Sinagani 

ganviTarebis tendenciaTa Sesisxlxorceba gadaarCenda qarTul 

enas sruli ganadgurebisagan. es procesi XIX saukunis 60-iani 

wlebidan daiwKo TergdaleulTa mesveurobiT da igi ukve me meo- me 

Txe Txe etapia qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebisa... 5. XX 

saukunis 10-20-ian wlebSi cxovrebis revoluciurma gardaqmnebma, 

qarTuli universitetis daarsebam, erovnuli TviTSegnebis 

aGorZinebam, qarTuli enis saxelmwifo enad gamocxadebam axali 

Tvalsawieri gadauSala qarTul saliteraturo enas. mas pirobiTad 

Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo ena SeiZleba ewodos 

(me me mexu 

xuTe xu Te etapi)~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1989). 

qarTuli saliteraturo enis struqturisa da istoriis 

kvlevisas am Temas mravali mecnieri Sexebia. isini ZiriTadad 

iziareben a. SaniZis an arn. Ciqobavas Tvalsazrisebs. maT Camo- 

Tvlas aGar SevudgebiT. r. TvaraZis Tvalsazrisi, faqtobriv, 

aravis gauziarebia, piriqiT, sakmaod mkacradac gaakritikes 

(S. ZiZiguri, 1978; z. yumburiZe, 1982). 

f. erTeliSvilisa da b. JorbenaZis Tvalsazrisebi naklebad 

popularulia (amitom SevecadeT ufro vrclad warmogvedgina), 

Tumca, vfiqrobT, sainteresoa da angariSgasawevi. 

ratom CavTvaleT sayirod amave sakiTxze KuradGebis gamaxvileba? 

vfiqrob, msJelobisas araTanabari odenobis erTeulebia 

daKenebuli gverdigverd. kerZod: ris periodizacias vaxdenT: 

qarTuli saliteraturo enisas Tu qarTuli enisas? SevecdebiT 

Cveni SekiTxva ganvmartoT. 

ra aris saliteraturo ena? 

Cveulebriv ganmartaven: `saliteraturo ena aris erovnuli 

enis umaGlesi da daxvewili, normirebuli saxe~ (b. JorbenaZe, 

1989, gv. 205). saliteraturo ena ar faravs erovnul enas. Cven- 

Tvis amosavalia Tvalsazrisi: èrovnuli ena aerTianebs Kvelafers 

_ Kvela saxis dialeqts, saliteraturo enas, sxvadasxva sa-

Sesavali 

xis koines, idioleqts. aq ufro konglomeratTan gvaqvs saqme, 

vinem mkacr enobriv sistemasTan~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 151). Sesabamisad, 

nebismieri enobrivi saxesxvaoba, nairsaxeoba (terminisaTvis 

ix. u. vainraixi, 1968) aris Semadgenili nawili erovnuli 

enisa, iqneba es eTnikur-teritoriuli dialeqti, socialuri 

dialeqti Tu saliteraturo ena. rogorc iTqva, saliteraturo 

ena aris ùmaGlesi da daxvewili, normirebuli~ saxesxvaoba 

erovnuli enisa; met-naklebad xelovnuri, ufro metad konservatiuli, 

vidre bunebrivi saxesxvaobani. 

amdenad, roca vsaubrobT Tanamedrove qarTul enaze (qar qar qar- qar 

Tu Tuli Tu li ena Cvens msJelobaSi udris erov erovnul erov nul enas enas), enas igulisxmeba 

erToblioba Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTuli enisa da Kvela 

im nairsaxeobisa, romlebic moepoveba dGes qarTul enas, 

upirvelesad eTnikur-teritoriuli dialeqtebisa. vimeorebT: 

dialeqtebi bunebrivi nairsaxeobania Tanamedrove qarTuli enisa, 

xolo saliteraturo ena _ zedialeqturi, normirebuli nairsaxeoba, 

met-naklebad xelovnuri; cxadia, sxvadasxva saxisa, magram 

mainc erTi donis (drouli gagebiT) erTeulebi. nebismieri 

epoqis, nebismieri drois erovnuli ena msgavsi konglomeratia 

(cxadia, vgulisxmobT enas, romelsac moepoveba saliteraturo 

saxesxvaoba). 

am poziciidan vxedavT gansaxilvel problemas. 

axali qarTuli aris enis ganviTarebis erTi safexuri Kvela 

zemowarmodgenili niSnis mixedviT; Cven masze SegviZlia viqonioT 

srulKofili warmodgena misi Semadgeneli Kvela saxesxvaobis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, anu; saliteraturo eniTa da dialeqtebiT. 

ase ar SegviZlia vimsJeloT Zveli qarTuli enis Sesaxeb. 

Zvel qarTul enaze warmodgena SegviZlia viqonioT mxolod misi 

erTi nairsaxeobis _ saliteraturo enis _ mixedviT. anu: Cven 

vicnobT mxolod Zvel qarTul saliteraturo enas da ara gvaqvs 

warmodgena, mis gverdiT ra saxesxvaobani iKo Zveli qarTulisa. 

cxadia, saliteraturo enis gverdiT iKo araerTi dialeqturi 

saxesxvaoba. asaxeleben kidec samecniero literaturaSi ramdenime 

maTgans: a) samxreT-aGmosavluri dialeqti (igive xanmeti), 

b) samxreT-dasavluri dialeqti (igive haemeti), g) centraluri 

dialeqti (igive -ev ev kilo), d) Crdilo-aGmosavluri (igive fxouri 

kilo). es varaudebia (sakmaod sarwmuno argumentebze 

21

22 


damKarebuli). rogorc vTqviT, realurad SegviZlia msJeloba 

mxolod saliteraturo nairsaxeobaze. 

amgvarad, Zveli qarTuli ena da axali qarTuli ena Cvens 

warmodgenaSi sxvadasxva donis enobrivi erTeulebia. pirvel 

maTgans vicnobT mxolod erTi nairsaxeobiT; meores _ 

srulKofilad, Kvela nairsaxeobiT. amitom Cven SegviZlia Zve Zveli Zve 

li 

qar qarTu qar qarTu 

Tuli Tu li sa sali sa 

li lite 

tera 

ratu 

turo tu ro enis gverdiT mxolod axa axali axa axali 

li qar qarTu qar 

Tu Tuli Tu li 

sa sali sa 

li lite 

tera 

ratu 

turo tu ro ena ganvixiloT _ rogorc Tanabari donis enobrivi 

erTeulebi. 

aravin daobs da arc SeiZleba sadavo iKos is, rom es aris 

klasikuri gagebiT ori saliteraturo ena Kvela ìm momentis 

mixedviT, rac enis safuZvels qmnis~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1952, gv. 369). 

arsebobs Tu ara saSuali qarTuli saliteraturo ena? 

anu axlisa da Zvelis gverdiT mesame saxesxvaoba saliteraturo 

enisa `Kvela im momentis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac enis safuZvels 

qmnis?~ cxadia, ara. ar iziareben, magram aravis ucdia ganxilva 

da uarKofa msJelobisa: àxali qarTulisa da Zveli qarTulis 

gverdiT ver davaKenebT XII-XVII saukuneTa qarTuls; mas damoukidebeli 

saxe ar aqvs arc gramatikuli wKobisa da arc ZiriTadi 

leqsikuri fonis mxriv~ (arn. Ciqobava, iqve). arada, Zvelisa da 

axlis gverdiT mesame erTeulis gamoKofisaTvis es aucilebeli 

pirobaa. ufro martivad rom vTqvaT, Cven SegviZlia vimsJeloT 

Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis sistemaze; axali qarTuli 

saliteraturo enis sistemaze; magram ver avagebT saSuali qar- 

Tuli saliteraturo enis sistemas, radgan aseTi ram ar arsebobs. 

saSuali qarTulis Sesaxeb weren: àm periodis saliteraturo 

enis Kvelaze damaxasiaTebel niSnad unda miviCnioT formaTa 

siyrele da erTiani normebis uqonloba~ (z. yumburiZe, 

1982, gv. 24). formaTa siyrele da erTiani normebis uqonloba 

ar SeiZleba iKos saliteraturo enis niSnebi. 

amdenad, Tu vmsJelobT qar qarTu qar 

Tu Tuli Tu li sa sali sa 

li lite 

tera 

ratu ratu 

turo tu ro enis enis Taobaze, 

marTebuli iqneba, gamoiKos ori ori er erTe er erTe 

Teuli Te li _ Zve Zveli Zve 

li qar qar- qar 

Tu Tuli Tu li sa sali sa 

li lite 

tera 

ratu 

turo turo 

ro ena ena da ax axli ax 

li qar qarTu qar qarTu 


li lite 

tera tera 

ratu 

turo tu ro 

ena ena; ena 

realuri faqtia rogorc erTi, aseve _ meore. 

ra aris saSuali qarTuli? arsebobs Tu ara aseTi realoba? 

cxadia, arsebobs, magram is ar aris saliteraturo ena. ufro 

sworad, ar arsebobs saSualo qarTuli saliteraturo ena

Sesavali 

Kvela im parametris mixedviT, rac unda axasiaTebdes saliteraturo 

enas. gavixsenoT: `Kvela saliteraturo enas aqvs Tavisi 

niSnebi: 

a) igi aris saerTo da savaldebulo KvelasaTvis, vinc am 

enaze metKvelebs; 

b) saliteraturo ena aris samwerlobo da zepiri... 

g) saliteraturo ena aris normirebuli... 

d) saliteraturo ena aris oficialuri urTierTobis sa- 

Sualeba~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1989, 154). 

saubrebia sxva niSnebzec, magram arc erTi es niSani araa 

damaxasiaTebeli saSuali qarTulisaTvis. ufro sworad, XII-XVIII 

saukuneebis qarTuli ar SeiZleba gaerTiandes am niSnebis mixedviT; 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, enobrivi erTeuli _ saSuali qar- 

Tuli _ ar aris im niSnebis matarebeli, rac mas warmogvidgenda 

rogorc saliteraturo enas, gansxvavebiT Zveli da axali 

qarTuli saliteraturo enisagan. 

am msJelobiT Cven mxars vuyerT Tvalsazriss qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis istoriaSi ori periodis gamoKofis Taobaze. 

magram msJelobas aq ver SevwKvetT. ar arsebobs saSuali qarTuli 

saliteraturo ena, magram saSuali qarTuli, rogorc enobrivi 

realoba, faqtia _ uaGresad rTuli da saintereso. magram 

igi ganixileba, rogorc konglomerati _ sxvadasxva tipis saxesxvaobaTa 

erToblioba. 

daiZebna calkeuli enobrivi movlenebi, faqtebi, romlebic 

Tavs iCens saSuali qarTulis periodSi (ix. z. yumburiZe, 1982); 

magram maT Soris ar aris arc erTi enobrivi faqti da movlena, 

romelic Tanabrad iKos damaxasiaTebeli XII-XVIII saukuneebis qar- 

TulisaTvis, rogorc am periodis enobrivi norma. sxvagvarad, ar 

dasturdeba arc erTi enobrivi faqti Tu movlena, romelic Zvelisa 

da axlis gverdiT (maT msgavsad) SeiZleba miviCnioT saSuali 

qarTulis normad. Cven ar vsaubrobT iseT faqtebsa Tu movlenebze, 

rac norma iKo ZvelisaTvis an normaa axali qarTulisaTvis 

da gvaqvs saSualSic. Cveni msJeloba, cxadia, ar uarKofs 

saSuali qarTulis faqtebsa da movlenebs, magram sxva kvalifikacias 

aZlevs mas. kerZod: es enobrivi faqtebi Tu movlenebi aris 

damaxasiaTebeli saSuali qarTulis sxvadasxva saxesxvaobisaTvis. 

es saxesxvaobebi SeiZleba ganixilebodes droSic da sivrceSic. 

23

24 


anu: aris faqtebi da movlenebi, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia sa- 

Suali qarTulis mxolod adreuli periodisaTvis da _ piriqiT, 

damaxasiaTebelia mxolod mogviano periodisaTvis. 

amave periodis ZeglebSi Cven vxvdebiT iseT enobriv faqtebs, 

romelTa kvalifikacia SeiZleba mxolod rogorc dialeqtizmebisa... 

gasaTvaliwinebelia stilebrivi sxvaobac; calkeuli 

avtoris enobrivi Taviseburebani da sxva... 

amis Taobaze araerTi samecniero naSromi dawerila (magaliTad, 

i. qavTaraZe, 1966 da sxva.); bolo periodSi ramdenime 

disertacia iqna daculi. im disertaciaTa ganxilvisas aGvniSne 

kidec, rom TiToeuli aseTi kvleva adasturebs Tvalsazriss, 

rom ar arsebobs erTiani saSuali qarTuli saliteraturo ena, 

magram arsebobs saSuali qarTuli, rogorc enobrivi realoba 

Tavisi mravalgvari nairsaxeobiT. 

am gagebiT saSuali qarTuli Cven SeiZleba davaKenoT axali 

qarTuli enis gverdiT _ rogorc saero-erovnuli enis ganviTarebis 

ori safexuri. 

Tu Cven mxedvelobaSi miviGebT istoriuli dialeqtologiis 

kvlevis Sedegebs, SeiZleba mwiri, magram mainc garkveuli 

warmodgena viqonioT Zvel qarTul enaze _ rogorc saerTo-saxalxo 

enis ganviTarebis adreul etapze. 

amis gaTvaliswinebiT saerTo-saxalxo enis ganviTarebis safexurebze 

roca vsaubrobT, SeiZleba gamovKoT: a) Zve Zveli Zve 

li li qar qarTu qar 

Tu- 

li li ena ena, ena b) sa saSu sa 

Su Suali Su li qar qarTu qar 

Tu Tuli Tu li ena ena, ena 

g) axa axali axa li qar qarTu qar 

Tu Tuli Tu li ena ena. ena 

pirobiTad 

SeiZleboda gvemsJela uZveles etapzec _ V saukunemdel 

periodzec. am SemTxvevaSi ganixileboda is enobrivi viTareba, 

ramac xeli SeuwKo Zveli qarTulis periodis CamoKalibebas. 

sagulisxmoa is azri, romlis mixedviTac Zveli qarTulis 

Semdgom periodSi SesaZlebeli aris ramdenime etapis gamoKofa 

(b. JorbenaZe, f. erTeliSvili), magram amJerad es ar aris Cveni 

kvlevis mizani. 

Cven msJeloba SeiZleba amgvari saxiT davasruloT: 

1. Tu vmsJelobT qar qarTul qar Tul sa sali sa sali 

lite 

tera 

ratu 

turo tu ro ena enaze ena 

ze ze, ze unda 

gamovKoT ori ori er erTe er erTe 

Teuli Te li li: li 

a) Zve Zveli Zve 



li lite lite 

tera 

ratu 

turo tu ro ena da b) axa axali axa li qar qarTu qar 

Tu- 

li li sa sali sa sali 

lite 

tera 

ratu 

turo tu ro ena ena. ena 

.

Sesavali 

2) Tu vsaubrobT qar ar arTu 

Tuli Tu li enis _ sa saer sa saer 

erTo 

To-sa To sa saxal 

xalxo xalxo 

xo enis 

enis 

(ara mxolod saliteraturo enis) Sesaxeb, SesaZleblad migvaCnia 

vimsJeloT sam sam sam er erTe er erTe 

Teul 

ulze 

ze: ze 

a) Zve Zveli Zve 


Tuli Tuli 

li ena ena. ena 

b) sa saSu sa 

Su Suali Su li qar qarTu qar 

Tu Tuli Tu li ena ena. ena 

g) axa axali axa li qar qarTu qar qarTu 

Tuli Tuli 

li ena ena. ena 

dasaSvebad migvaCnia am SemTxvevaSi saubari samze met erTeulzec 

(magaliTad: uZvelesi qarTuli, Tanamedrove qarTuli da 

sxva.). 

ase vxedavT Cven qarTuli enis istorias; am mniSvnelobiT 

gamoviKenebT cnobil terminebs _ Zvels, axalsa Tu saSual qar- 

Tuls... amgvarad: Zveli, axali Tu saSuali qarTuli pirobiTi 

(samuSao) terminebia... es erTeulebi droSi warmoqmnili nairsaxeobania 

saerTo erovnuli qarTuli enisa (dialeqtebi sivrceSi 

warmoqmnili nairsaxeobania). qarTuli zmna erTiani mTlianobaa 

Tavisi istoriiTa da dGevandelobiT. Tumca SeswavlisaTvis periodebad, 

etapebad daKofa (nairsaxeobebad, sxva terminiT _ 

idiomebad) aucilebelic aris... 

fu fuZis fu fuZis 

Zis Zis raoooobi ra ra ra bi bisa bisa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis 

dro-kiloTa sistemisa Tu zmnur formaTa warmoebis saki- 

Txebze msJelobisas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniyeba imis garkvevas, 

ra ra aris aris fu fuZe fu fuZe 

Ze. Ze mokled, kiTxva aqac mravalia: ra aris fuZe? ra 

saxeobebi arsebobs fuZisa? ra principze aigeba fuZe? da a. S. 

sitKvis raobis gansazGvra da, aseve, fuZis (Tu Ziris) definicia 

zogadi enaTmecnierebis problemac aris. fuZe, rogorc 

realuri monacemi, Jer kidev antikur gramatikebSi ganixileboda. 

Kvela ganmarteba fuZisa swored antikur gramatikebSi iGebs 

saTaves. Cven ar visaxavT miznad am rTuli problemis Sesaxeb 

zogad msJelobas. CvenTvis arsebiTia da, Sesabamisad, sakmarisic 

qarTul saenaTmecniero literaturaSi arsebuli Tvalsazrisebis 

TavmoKra da, SeZlebisdagvarad, optimalur variantze SeJereba. 

`qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni~ fuZis aseT ganmartebas 

gvTavazobs: `sitKvis ZiriTadi nawili, romelTanac dakav- 

Sirebulia sagnobrivi mniSvneloba (da brunebisa Tu uGvlilebe- 

25

26 


bis dros, e. i. romelime morfologiuri kategoriis mixedviT 

formaTa cvlisas sitKvaSi ucvlel nawilad warmogvidgeba)~ 

(qegl. VII, 214). 

aq or momentzea gamaxvilebuli KuradGeba: erTi mxriv, mas mas- mas 

Tan Tan Tan da dakav da dakav 

kavSi 

Sire 

rebu 

bulia bu lia sa sagnob sa sagnob 

gnobri 

rivi ri vi mniS mniSvne mniS mniSvne 

vnelo vnelo 

loba lo ba da, meore mxriv, 

igi igi aris aris saKrde saKrdeni saKrde ni for forma for 

ma maTa ma Ta sis siste sis 

te temi 

misa misa 

saTvis 

Tvis. Tvis 

sxva SemTxvevaSi es ganmarteba zustdeba: fuZe aris 

`sitKvis iseTi nawili, romelic sagnobrivi mniSvnelobis matarebelia, 

rogorc iseTi nawili, romelic miuTiTebs garkveul obieqtur 

monacemze~ (arn. Ciqobava, 2008, gv. 141). cxadia, es ori 

ganmarteba faqtobriv erTgvaria (qeglis mTavari redaqtori 

aris arn. Ciqobava). 

enciklopedia `qarTuli ena~ aseT ganmartebas gvTavazobs: 

`fu fu fuZe 

Ze, Ze sitKvis (sitKva-formis) nawili, romelic rCeba daboloebis 

CamoSorebis Semdeg da romelTanac dakavSirebulia sitKvis 

leqsikuri mniSvneloba~ (`qarTuli ena~, 2008). ganmartebis pirveli 

nawili (`daboloebis CamoSorebis Semdeg~) dazustebas sayiroebs: 

ra saxis daboloebebzea saubari _ derivaciul Tu 

fleqsiur elementze. derivaciuli elementi axal leqsikur 

mniSvnelobas aniyebs sitKvas, fleqsiuri _ ara... 

saxelmZGvaneloebsa da saxelmZGvaneloebis tipis gamocemeb- 

Si gansxvavebulad msJeloben saxelisa da zmnis fuZeebze: `saxelis 

im nawils, romelsac brunvis niSnebi erTvis, fuZe hqvia~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1948, gv. 25). iqve: `zmnis im nawils, romelic leqsikur 

mniSvnelobas Seicavs, fuZe hqvia. pirian formas unda CamovaciloT 

piris, ricxvisa da mwkrivis niSnebi, da, rac darCeba, 

is iqneba fuZe~ (iqve, gv. 100) saxelmZGvanelos tipis sxva gamocemebi 

am ganmartebebs imeoreben (S. ZiZiguri, 1956, gv. 116; a. kiziria, 

1984, gv. 108). 

saxelTan dakavSirebiT imazec msJeloben, mravlobiTi ricxvis 

mawarmoebeli (-eb, -n, -T) Sedis Tu ara fuZeSi da am mxrivac 

araa azrTa erTgvaroba (ix. j. feiqriSvili, 1992, gv. 34)... 

magram saxeli ar aris amJerad Cveni msJelobis sagani. Cven zmna 

gvainteresebs. 

zmnis SemTxvevaSi seriozuli problemebis winaSe davdeqiT, 

roca vmuSaobdiT zmnu zmnuri zmnu zmnu ri fu fuZe fu 

Ze Zeebis Ze bis leq leqsi leq leqsi 

sikon 

konze konze 

ze (g. gogolaSvili, 

c. kvantaliani, d. Sengelia, 1989). Tu saenaTmecniero na-

Sesavali 

SromebSi zog SemTxvevaSi Ziri da fuZe ar gairCeoda, aq amis sayiroeba 

naTlad dadga. gavixsenoT: `mraval SemTxvevaSi zmnis 

fuZe igivea, rac Ziri~. qegli Zirs ase ganmartavs: `sitKvis martivi 

fuZe, romlis daSla ar SeiZleba~ (qegli, VIII). anda: `fu- 

Zes, romelic Semadgenel nawilebad aGar daiSleba, Ziri ewodeba~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 33). saskolo saxelmZGvaneloSi `zustdeba~: 

`zmnaSi gamoiKofa iseTi nawili, romelic saerToa misgan nawarmoebi 

Kvela formisaTvis~ (a. SaniZe, i. imnaiSvili, 1980, gv. 

131). aq ukve daSorda erTmaneTs es ganmartebani: is, rac saer- 

Toa misgan nawarmoebi Kvela formisaTvis, SeiZleba `daiSalos 

Semadgenel elementebad~. aGaras vambob nasaxelar zmnebze 

(`Tvalwin ga gaisig ga 

sig sigrZe 

rZega 

gana 

na~... na am ganmartebiT Ziri iqneba sig sigrZe sig rZe- 

gan gan... gan 

... ...), ... igive SeiZleba iTqvas kauzatiur formebze: am ganmartebiT 

-in in da -evin evin mawarmoeblebis Semcveli odenoba Zirad iqneba 

gaazrebuli (`saerToa misgan nawarmoebi Kvela formisaTviso~). 

aris saintereso SemoTavazebac: `SesaZloa erTmaneTisagan gavarCioT 

mo morfo mo morfo 

rfolo 

logi 

giuri gi ri da eti etimo eti etimo 

molo 

logi 

giuri gi ri Zi Zire Zi 

re rebi 

bi da termini 

Zi Ziri Zi 

ri gamoviKenoT mxolod etimologiuris mniSvnelobiT~ (T. qitoSvili, 

2000, gv. 87). Ziris sinonimad l. kvayaZem gamoiKena termini 

mar marti mar 

ti tivi ti vi fu fuZe fu 

Ze (l. kvayaZe, 1993, gv. 88). martivi fuZe am 

TvalsazrisiT etimologiur Zirs emTxveva. Cven SesaZleblad miviCnieT, 

zmnuri fuZeebis leqsikonSi martivi fuZe ase gangvemarta: 

`termini mar marti mar 

ti tivi tivi 

vi fu fuZe fu 

Ze ar gulisxmobs etimologiurad martiv 

monacems; martiv fuZes vuwodebT im nawils zmnisas, romelic 

ar aris garTulebuli zmnuri morfologiuri elementebiT da 

saerToa dro-kiloTa sistemis Kvela wevrisaTvis~ (g. gogolaSvili, 

c. kvantaliani, d. Sengelia, 1989, gv. 4). am TvalsazrisiT zemomoKvanili 

magaliTidan (gaisigrZegana) sig sigrZe sig sigrZe 

rZegan rZe gan iqneba martivi 

fuZe. Cven am termins kvlavac gamoviKenebT amgvari dazustebiT: 

mar marti mar 

ti tivi vi fu fuZe fu 

Ze Zea Ze is, rac saerToa Kvela mwkrivisaTvis. si simar si simar 

marti 

tive 

ve am 

SemTxvevaSi pirobiTia. cxadia, mar marti mar 

ti tivi vi fu fuZis fu 

Zis Semotana gulisxmobs 

rTul rTul rTul fu fuZe fu fuZe 

Zesac Zesac 

sac. sac rTuli iqneba raime zmnuri elementiT garTulebli 

fuZe... da mainc: zogadad ra aris fuZe? 

b. JorbenaZis azriT, `fuZe (formobrivadac da funqciuradac) 

unda ganimartos im urTierTmimarTebaTa mixedviT, romlebsac 

igi amKarebs struqturis Semadgenel sxva elementebTan~ 

(b. JorbenaZe, 1980(1), gv. 124). Tu uGlebis sistemaSi urTier- 

27

28 


TmimarTebebs ganvixilavT, da am kuTxiT davinaxavT fu fuZes fu 

Zes Zes, Zes maSin 

aGmoCndeba, rom `fuZe unda ganvixiloT, rogorc permanentulad 

cvladi monacemi~, romelic `saKrdenia formaTa sistemisaTvis~ 

(b. JorbenaZe, iqve, gv. 120). Tuki fu fuZe fu 

Ze aris aris per perma per perma 

manen 

nentu 

tulad tu lad cvla- 

di di mo mona mo mona 

nace 

cemi 

mi, mi , saKrde saKrdeni saKrde 

ni for forma for 

ma maTa ma Ta sis siste sis 

te temi 

misa 

saTvis sa vis vis, vis , maSin sxvadasxva 

SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva fuZeze unda iKos saubari da asec aris. 

marTalia, fuZe ganixileba rogorc permanentulad cvladi 

monacemi, magram `Kovel mocemul struqturaSi struqturuli 

elementebis mimarT fuZe mdgradi (ucvleli) elementia~ (iqve, 

gv. 190). 

da kidev, `Kvelaferi is, rac saKrdenia nebismieri formisa 

an formaTa sistemisaTvis, fuZed unda iwodos~ (iqve). 

Tu vsaubrobT mwkrivis paradigmaze, maSin fuZed ganimarteba 

is nawili zmnuri formisa, romelsac CamoSordeba zmniswini, 

pirisa da ricxvis niSnebi: 

ga-v-ake ake akeTe ake Te 

ga-ake ake akeTe ake Te 

ga-akeT akeT akeT-a akeT 

ga-v-ake ake akeTe 

Te-T Te 

ga-ake ake akeTe 

Te-T Te 

ga-akeT akeT akeT-es akeT 

warmodgenili mwkrivis fuZe iqneba ake akeTe ake 

Te (sruli varianti) 

_ akeT akeT (arasruli varianti). sru sruli sru da aras arasru aras arasru 

ruli ru li varianti fu- 

Zisa moqmedi fonetikuri procesis Sedegad gansxvavebuli variantebia. 

fonetikuri procesis Sedegad SeiZleba daikargos rogorc 

morfologiuri funqciis mqone xmovniTi elementi (ga- 

akeT-e-a → ga-akeT-a), ise Zireuli morfemis xmovniTi elementi 

mov-kal kal _ mo-kl kl kl-a. kl 

am TvalsazrsiT imdeni fuZe gveqneba zmnisa, ramdeni mwkrivic 

gvaqvs. rogorc vnaxeT, sakuTari fuZis mqoneoba erT-erTi 

arsebiTi niSania mwkrivisaTvis. sxvagvarad: Kvela mwkrivs sakuTari 

fuZe unda hqondes (fuZis arasruli variantebi SeZlebisdagvarad 

avsaxeT `zmnuri fuZeebis leqsikonSi~). 

Tu vsaubrobT seriis formaTa warmoebaze, is nawili zmnuri 

formisa, romelic saerTo iqneba erT seriaSi Semaval zmnur 

formaTaTvis, iqneba se seri se 

ri riis ri is fu fuZe fu 

Ze Ze. Ze amgvari fuZis aGsaniSnavad 

a. SaniZem SemoiGo termini Te Tema Te Tema 

ma. ma . zmnis zmnis Te Tema Te ma aris is nawili

Sesavali 

zmnisa, romelic saerToa erTi seriis (pirveli an meore) forma- 

TaTvis (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 387). Sesabamisad, SeiZleba zmnas pirvel 

seriaSi sxva fuZe (Tema) hqondes da meore seriaSi _ sxva 

(a. SaniZis mixedviT _ orTemiani zmnebi). seriis fuZis (Temis) sakiTxi 

mesame seriisaTvis gansxvavebulad dadgeba. msJelobis gasaadvileblad 

seriis fuZisaTvis tradiciul termins Te Tema Te Tema 

ma gamoviKenebT. 

Tu msJeloba gveqneba uGlebis srul paradigmaze, fuZed is 

monacemi ganixileba, romelsac martivi fuZe vuwodeT da saxelmZGvanelos 

tipis gamocemebSi Zirs rom uwodebdnen (saerTo 

nawili Kvela zmnuri formisaTvis). 

formawarmoebis sakiTxebze msJelobisas sayiro xdeba sa saK- sa 

rde rdeni rde rde ni fu fuZis fu 

Zis Zis cnebis gamoKeneba. saKrde saKrdenia saKrde nia is is fu fuZe fu fuZe 

Ze, Ze , ro romel ro 

mel melsac mel sac 

emKare Kare Kareba Kare ba kon konkre kon konkre 

kretu kretu 

tuli li pa para pa 

ra radig radig 

digmis dig mis for forme for 

me mebi mebi 

bi: bi 

v-akeT akeT akeT-e akeT 

akeT akeT-e akeT 

v-akeT akeT akeT-e-T akeT 

akeT akeT-e-T akeT 

akeT akeT-es akeT akeT 

am SemTxvevaSi -e sufiqsi mwkrivis niSnad moiazreba. mwkrivis 

saKrde saKrdeni saKrde ni fu fuZe fu Ze iqneba akeT akeT, akeT , romelsac daerTvis mwkrivis mawarmoebeli. 

igive saKrdeni fuZe eqneba II kavSirebiTsac: 

v-akeT akeT akeT-o akeT 

akeT akeT-o akeT 

v-akeT akeT akeT-o-s akeT 

akeT akeT-o-T akeT 

akeT akeT-o-n akeT 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna formawarmoebis sakiTxebis ganxilvisas gamoviKenebT 

termins saKrde saKrdeni saKrde ni mo morfe mo morfe 

rfema 

ma. ma saKrdens 

vuwodebT im morfemas, romelsac uSualod daerTvis 

CvenTvis saintereso mawarmoebeli; formaSi 

a-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-d-e-s eb s -e e sufiqsi iqneba saKrdeni 

morfema -s sufiqsisaTvis, -d iqneba saKrdeni -e 

sufiqsisaTvis, -eb eb iqneba saKrdeni -d d formantisaTvis; 

Zireuli keT iqneba saKrdeni -eb eb sufiqsisaTvis... 

29

30 


Cven viziarebT Tvalsazriss imis Sesaxeb, rom `gramatikul 

literaturaSi sakmaod xSirad gamoKenebuli cneba Zirisa ar 

ganekuTvneba enis realuri funqcionirebis sferos, e. i. Ziri 

uSualod ar funqcionirebs enaSi da funqcionirebas iwKebs 

mxolod mas Semdeg, rac fuZis SemadgenlobaSi Seva. enisaTvis 

moqmedi elementi fuZea da ara Ziri. Ziri abstrahirebuli cnebaa, 

im rigis wminda monacemia, romelic mxolod `laboratoriuli 

wesiT~ miiGeba, amitomac aris misi sazGvrebi ase bundovani: 

igi xan fuZes emTxveva (da maSin mxolod terminologiur nairgvarobasTan 

gvaqvs saqme, realuri arsi ki erTi da igivea), xan 

gansxvavdeba misgan da es gansxvaveba umetes wil an istoriuli 

monacemia, an Teoriulad dasaSvebi SesaZlebloba da ara Tanamedrove 

enis faqti~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1980(1), gv. 123). 

Kovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, fuZis raobis, misi arsis 

gasagebad arsebiTia is urTierTmimarTebani, romelsac amKarebs 

igi struqturis Semadgenel sxva elementebTan. am urTierTmimar- 

TebaTa gaTvaliswiebiT saubroben fuZeTa warmoebis or principze. 

es principebia: a) fu fuZe fu fuZe 

ZeTa Ze Ta warmo warmoebis warmo 

bis xa xazo xa xazo 

zova zova 

vani va ni prin princi prin princi 

cipi ci pi da b) fu fu- fu 

Ze ZeTa Ze 

Ta warmo warmoebis warmo 

bis bis Ca Canac Ca Canac 

nacvle nacvle 

vlebis bis prin princi prin 

ci cipi ci pi (b. JorbenaZe, iqve). 

fuZeTa warmoebis xazovani principis magaliTad dasaxele- 

bulia: keT keT → keT keT-eb keT eb → keT keT-eb keT eb eb-ul eb ul ul... ul roca erTi saKrdenia meorisaTvis, 

meore _ mesamisaTvis... fuZeTa warmoebis Canacvlebis 

principis magaliTia: keT keT-eb keT 

eb da keT keT-il keT 

il il, il , si si-keT si keT keT-e, keT , u-keT keT keT-ur keT ur ur... ur 

e. i. roca ramdenime fuZes saerTo saKrdeni fuZe aqvs: 

keT 

keT 

keT keT-eb keT 

eb 

keT keT-il keT il 

si si-keT si keT keT-e keT 

u-keT keT keT-ur keT ur 

aGniSnaven, rom `fuZeTa warmoeba xazovani da Canacvlebis 

principebiT ar moqmedebs erTmaneTisagan savsebiT gaTiSulad da 

rom isini arsebiTad erTmaneTs avseben~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1980, gv. 

125). rom es ori principi erTmaneTs avsebs, Cveni azriT, Kvelaze 

ukeT swored zmnur formaTa warmoebisas warmoCndeba; Tundac 

sauGlebel erTeulTa gamoKofisa da daJgufebisas. amis ufro 

naTlad warmoCenasac SevecdebiT am wignSi.

Sesavali 

enobri enob enob enobri 

rivi rivi 

vi vi faqti faq faq faqti 

ti ti da da da da misi mi mi misi 

si si kvali kva kva kvali 

lifi lifi 

fika fika 

kacia kacia 

cia cia 

vTqviT: saukuneze meti xnis istoria aqvs qarTuli zmnis 

mecnierul Seswavlas. Tu praqtikuli gramatikebis epoqasac gavixsenebT 

da antonamde periodsac gaviTvaliswinebT, qarTuli 

enis kvleva-Ziebis istoria sakmaod STambeydavi iqneba. 

uamravi Tvalsazrisi gamoiTqva; xSirad erTsa da imave saki- 

Txze urTierTsapirispiro, urTierTgamomricxavi, urTierTSemavsebelic. 

da mainc: Tqma imisa, rom qarTuli zmna dGes Seswavlilia, 

ufro sworad, àmowurulia~ Sesaswavli sakiTxebi, problemebi, 

ar SeiZleba. me vTqvi da amiT dasrulda am Temaze saubario, 

sakiTxi ase ar dasmula da arc SeiZleba daisvas (Tumca 

arc mTlad uamisobaaa...). sakiTxis ase dasma, faqtobriv, mecnierul 

kvleva-Ziebaze uaris Tqmaa. 

isic unda vTqva: arsebuli Tvalsazrisis kritikuli Sefaseba, 

argaziareba ar aris Sexedulebis avtorisadmi damokidebulebis 

gamovlineba (samwuxarod, amis Tqmac migvaCnia sayirod). am 

movlenas rogor unda SevxedoT, amis karg magaliTad migvaCnia 

a. SaniZis damokidebuleba winamorbedTa Tvalsazrisis mimarT 

momdevno Taobis mecnierTa kritikuli midgomisadmi: 

prof. k. daneliam gamokvleva dawera Zvel qarTulSi iSvia- 

Tad naxmari msxov msxovri msxov msxov ri (msxo msxo msxori 

ri) ri sitKvis Sesaxeb. adre am Temaze 

gamokvleva hqonda dabeydili a. SaniZes (a. SaniZe, 1980) batonma 

k. daneliam gamoqveKnebamde waakiTxa Tavisi naSromi did maswavlebels. 

batonma akakim aseTi minaweri gaukeTa k. danelias na- 

Sroms: `Tqmula: `siwKnare gmobili sJobs siCqaresa qebulsa~. es 

brZnuli azri S. rusTavelisa ver gaviTvaliswine da Secdoma 

momivida `msxor~ sitKvis axsnisas. magram sasiamovnoa, rom am 

sitKvis namdvili mniSvneloba gairkva da es Cemi Secdoma Cemmave 

mowafem prof. k. daneliam gamoaswora. a. SaniZe. 1 aprili 1981 w.~. 

k. danelias werili am minaweriTurT gamoqveKnda (k. danelia, 

1983). 

cxadia, individualuria enobrivi faqtis mimarT mkvlevris 

midgoma; movlenis Sefaseba, kvalifikaciaa individualuri; Tavad 

enobrivi faqti, enobrivi movlena, ra Tqma unda, aris obieqturi 

yeSmariteba. amitomacaa, rom erTi da igive enobrivi movlena, 

faqti (obieqturi yeSmariteba) SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad iqnes 

31

32 


Sefasebuli. imis Tqma gvsurs, erTsa da imave sakiTxze gansxvavebuli 

Tvalsazrisis gamoTqma bunebriv movlenad migvaCnia... ramdenime 

konkretuli magaliTi: 

TiTqosda iseTi martivi sakiTxi, rogoricaa brunvaTa raodenoba 

axal qarTulSi, seriozuli azrTa sxvadasxvaobis sagani 

gaxda. a. SaniZem Svidi brunva gamoKo (a. SaniZe, 1930). arn. Ciqobavam 

eqvsi brunva warmoadgina _ wodebiTi ar miiCnia brunvad 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1950); es Tvalsazrisi sagangebo gamokvleviT daasabuTa 

v. Tofuriam (v. Tofuria, 1956(2)). axlaxan is azric gamoiTqva, 

rom axal qarTulSi SesaZlebelia (Tu sayiroa...) wrfelobiT 

brunvaze saubaric (g. gogolaSvili, 2009(1))... arada, saqme 

exeba TiTqosda martiv sakiTxs... saxl saxl, saxl , saxl saxl-i, saxl , saxl saxl-ma saxl ma ma, ma , 

saxl saxl-s, saxl , saxl saxl-is saxl is is, is , saxl saxl-iT saxl 

iT iT, iT , saxl saxl-ad saxl 

ad ad, ad , saxl saxl-o saxl 

_ Kvela es forma 

realurad arsebobs axal qarTulSi (pirvel SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi 

gvaqvs saxl saxl-ka saxl saxl ka kari ka ri tipis kompozitebi Tu sxva...). maTi kvalifikaciaa 

sxvadasxvargvari; Cven imas ki ar vambobT, rom vinme 

cdeba, aramed movlenisadmi midgomaa gansxvavebuli... yeSmariteba 

aris faqti, kvalifikacia _ gansxvavebuli... 

sxva magaliTi: zemoTac gavixseneT _ Zveli qarTulisaTvis 

dro-kiloTa meore seriaSi n. marma ori mwkrivi gamoKo; arn. Ciqobavam 

_ sami; z. sarJvelaZe oTxi mwkrivis gamoKofas miiCnevs 

sworad. a. SaniZis azriT, Zvel qarTulSi xuTi mwkrivia, magram 

l. kiknaZis azriT _ rva mwkrivi unda gamoiKos! 

aq, zog SemTxvevaSi, ama Tu im avtorma ver SeamCnia ese Tu 

is forma, magram sxva SemTxvevaSi kvalifikacia misca mas gansxvavebuli. 

aseTi SemTxvevis mowmenic vxdebiT: siaxlis mowinaaGmdegeni 

sakiTxs asec svamen _ es rom ase KofiliKo, mavani ver SeniSnavdao 

da asaxeleben klasikoss... araa es mecnieruli midgoma. 

iseTma geniosma, rogoric n. mari iKo, II xolmeobiTis formebi 

SeamCnia, magram igi aoristis nairsaxeobad miiCnia... sxva SemTxvevaSi 

sxvaa mizezi gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisisa; faqtia _ arsebobs 

enobrivi forma, romelsac gansxvavebuli Sefaseba eZleva 

sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi. am dros, cxadia, saubari Secdomaze Tu 

araswor kvalifikaciaze, ar iqneba gamarTlebuli... amgvari Sexeduleba 

gansxvavebuli kvalifikaciis SesaZleblobaze gvaZlevs 

uflebas Cveneuli Sefaseba mivceT cnobil faqtebs.

Sesavali 

ufro sainteresod gveCveneba, roca erTi da igive mkvlevari 

axdens erTi da imave faqtis sxvadasxvagvar kvalifikacias. aq 

saubaria ara imaze, rom mkvlevari icvlis Sexedulebas, aramed, 

im faqtze, roca erTsa da imave dros sxvadasxvagvar kvalifikacias 

aZlevs romelime enobriv movlenas. amis magaliTad moviKvanT 

erT faqts a. SaniZis naazrevidan. 

anu, es aris magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba erTsa da 

imave avtorTan gvqondes erTsa da imave faqtze sxvadasxva Sefaseba 

da dasaSvebad miiCnevdes avtori orive Tvalsazriss, rac 

aseve iZleva imis uflebasac, faqti sxvagvarad iqnes Sefasebuli, 

anda moxdes romelime Tvalsazrisis gaziareba damatebiTi argumentebis 

moxmobiT. cnobil faqtebsa da sakiTxebze axali msJeloba 

Cven aseT moqmedebad gvesaxeba. 

aseTi faqti: 

a. SaniZis `qar qar qarTu qarTu 

Tuli Tu li enis enis enis gra grama gra grama 

mati 

tikis ti kis sa safuZ sa 

fuZ fuZvleb 

vlebSi 

Si~ Si deponensebze 

msJelobisas vkiTxulobT: ès es esrevs es revs zmnis msgavsad e aqvs 

prefiqsad è-Zebs Zebs Zebs~ Zebs zmnasac (Zv. q. e-Zi-eb-s) da `c-ema ema ema~ ema zmnas wKvetilSi: 

`mi-v-e-c~, romelTac funqciac aqtiuri aqvT da formebic 

sxvafriv Kvelafrad aqtiuri~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 299). 

Tavisebur zmnebze saubrisas imave `safuZvlebSi~ vkiTxulobT: 

`wKvetilis pirvelsa da meore pirSi zmnas win e uCndeba: 

mi-v-e-c, mi-e-c (mexuTe saukunis saliteraturo eniT mi-x-u-ec, 

mi-x-ec, mi-x-c-a). Tu saxelzmnaTa formebs mivaqcevT KuradGebas, 

es e mawarmoebelia, mi-cema, mi-m-cemi, mi-sa-cemi da sxv.~ (iqve, 

gv. 550). 

erTgan mecnieri sakiTxs ase svams: `Tu `cema~ zmnas uzmniswinod 

vixmarT da saTaviso qceviT, -em em Zveleburadve Temis niSani 

iqneba da II seriaSi ar gadahKveba ($ 475). saKuradGebo is 

aris, rom am SemTxvevaSi e pirvelsa da meore pirSi SehrCeba: 

TavSi qva viec, TavSi qva iec, TavSi qva ica. radganac qcevis ni- 

Sani win daudga e-s, SeiZleba kiTxva davsvaT: es es e e ma mawar ma mawar 

warmo 

moebe- mo 

lia lia, lia , Tu fu fuZis fu 

Zis kuT kuTvni kuT kuTvni 

vnile 

leba 

ba? ba (iqve, gv. 429). (xazi Cvenia _ g. g.). 

am kiTxvas pasuxi iqve gaeca: `Tu mxedvelobaSi viqoniebT im garemoebas, 

rom wKvetilis 1-lsa da me-2 pirSi fuZe aGdgeba (mo-v- 

kal kal, kal 

Se-v-kar kar kar, kar davh-fal fal fal, fal vi-can can can, can v-Sev Sev Sev; Sev ga-v-yer yer yer da sxv.), maSin unda 

vTqvaT, rom e fuZiseuli xmovania. Tu egrea, maSin igi me-3 

piris formaSic igulisxmeba. metic SeiZleba iTqvas: igi igulis- 

33

34 


xmeba Kvelgan, Kvela formaSi, magram Tu arsad ar Cans wKvetilis 

garda (isic pirvelisa da meore piris formebSi mxolod), 

es imitom, rom dakargulia momdevno xmovnis gamo, romelic an 

piris niSania (mi-s-c-a), an mwkrivisa (mi-s-c-i-s, mi-s-c-e-s), an Temis 

niSnis dasawKisia (mi-s-c-em em em-s)~ em (gv. 550). iqve ganagrZobs msJelobas: 

`Tu zemore moKvanili mosazreba sworia, vnebiTSi ori e 

unda gvqondes: erTi gvaris niSani, meore fuZiseuli, moqmedebiTSi 

ki marto erTi, fuZiseuli, romelic mesame pirSi ikargeba 

fuZis SekumSvis gamo: da-s-c-a (← da-h-c-a ← da-h-h-ca ← da-hhec) 

[aq mocemuli formaTa ganviTarebis sqema, ra Tqma unda, daaxloebiTia 

da im varaudiT, rom dakarguli Tanxmovania h] (iqve, 

gv. 531). (mivaqcioT KuradGeba: aseTi dabeJiTebuli msJelobis 

Semdgom, kiTxvas svams, `Tu zemore moKvanili mosazreba sworiao~...). 

ase rom, mi mivec mi 

vec vec formaSi e kvalificirebulia erT SemTxveva- 

Si vnebiTis niSnad, meore SemTxvevaSi _ fuZiseul xmovnad. ra 

SeiZleba iKos amis mizezi; anda mizani ra aris mkvlevrisa ori, 

urTierTsawinaaGmdego Tvalsazrisis warmodgenisas erTsa da 

imave naSromSi? 

Cveni Grma rwmeniT, amis mizezi aris is, rom akaki SaniZisa- 

Tvis yeS yeSma yeS yeSma 

mari 

rite 

teba te ba aris enob enobri enob 

ri rivi ri vi faq faqti faq 

ti ti; ti am faq faqtis faq tis kva kvalifi kva 

fi fika fi ka- 

cia cia zog zogJer zog Jer Se SeiZ Se SeiZ 

iZle 

leba le ba iKos iKos iKos na nair na nair 

irgva irgva 

gvari 

ri. ri swored am SesaZleblobis 

magaliTia warmodgenili msJeloba. mizani? _ amiT mecneri garkveulwilad 

sa safuZ sa 

fuZ fuZvels fuZ vels qmnis qmnis mo moma mo moma 

mava 

vali va li kvle kvleva kvle 

va va-Zi va Zi Ziebi Zi bi bisa 

saTvis 

Tvis. Tvis Cven 

ase davinaxeT es faqti da, SeZlebisdagvarad, SevecadeT, erT-er- 

Ti variantis sasargeblod mogveKvana damatebiTi argumentebi 

(Tu meore Tvalsazrisis sawinaaGmdegod kontrargumentebi). Tu 

sakiTxis ase dasmam (urTierTsawinaaGmdego TvalsazrisTa warmodgenam) 

ra msJelobisaken gvibiZga, amazec gvinda aqve saubari. 

am ori variantidan Cven sarwmunod miviCnieT varaudi, romelic 

e xmovnis Ziriseulobas uyers mxars. anu, daveTanxmeT 

a. SaniZis mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom mi mivec mi mivec 

vec zmnaSi e Ziriseuli 

xmovania da ar gaviziareT a. SaniZis varaudi imis Taobaze, 

rom e am zmnaSi prefiqsia (g. gogolaSvili, 1985). 

Cveni msJeloba: 

I. ra winaaGmdegobebi axlavs e xmovnis prefiqsad miCnevas 

gansaxilvel zmnaSi?

Sesavali 

1. rogorc viciT, e xmovani mxolod wKvetilis pirveli da 

meore piris formebSi warmoCndeba: mi-v-e-c, mi-e-c; mi-v-e-c-i-T, 

mi-e-c-i-T. 

wKvetilSi subieqturi mesame pirisa da Kvela sxva formaSi 

e gauCinarebulia (SeniSnaven kidec, rom e am SemTxvevaSi Zireuli 

xmovaniviT iqceva). marTlac, Tu e prefiqsia, es iqneba erTaderTi 

SemTxveva, roca erTi mwkrivis paradigmaSi igi monacvleobs 

nulTan. calTanxmovnian ZirTagan nawarmoebi e prefiqsiani 

formebi prefiqss Kvela mwkrivsa da Kvela piris formaSi SeinarCuneben: 

e-b-meb-a, da-e-b-a, da-e-b-a-s, e-G-eb-a, ga-e-G-o, ga-e-Go-s... 

Se-e-q-o... wa-e-g-o... 

mi mivec mi 

vec zmna am TvalsazrisiT gancalkevebTi dgas. 

2. rogorc miuTiTeben, e daculia im SemTxvevaSi, roca momdevno 

c Tanxmovani formis absolutur boloSi moeqceva: mi-vec, 

mi-ec (wKvetilSi ufunqcio i elementis darTva, iseve rogorc 

sxva SemTxvevaSi, fonetikur saxes ver Seucvlis formas). 

nebismieri xmovani Tu xmovniT dawKebuli sufiqsiT garTuleba 

Zirisa e-s gauCinarebas iwvevs: c-em-a, mis-c-a, mis-c-es, miuc-ia... 

amgvari mizez-Sedegeobrivi damokidebuleba sufiqsuri 

xmovnisa winamaval xmovanTan SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, roca 

winamavali xmovani (nulTan monacvle) am sufiqsisaTvis saKrdeni 

morfemiseulia. 

sxvagvarad: Tu e da c sxvadasxva morfemaa, gamodis, rom mis-c-a 

formaSi sufiqsi gavlenas axdens saKrdeni morfemis wina 

morfemaze (e. i. morfemaze gadaxtomiT). amgvari SesaZleblobac 

gamoricxulia. calTanxmovniani Zirebis Semcveli Kvela zmna nebismier 

formaSi prefiqsul xmovans ucvlelad warmogvidgens. 

mi mivec mi 

vec zmniseuli e am TvalsazrisiTac gancalkevebiT dgas... 

II. is, rac ewinaaGmdegeba e xmovnis prefiqsad miCnevas, TavisTavad, 

mxars uyers e-s Ziriseulobas. 

SesaZlebeli iqneboda amgvari varaudis daSvebac: e xmovani 

warmomavlobiT prefiqsia; gviandeli faqtia misi Zireulad gaazreba. 

eg istoriis sakiTxia, magram Zveli da axali qarTulis masalis 

Cvenebis safuZvelze Cven ar gveqneba ufleba e-s prefiqsad 

miCnevisa. 

35

36 


gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis faqtad migvaCnia enaSi imgvar 

formaTa arseboba, romelTa Sesaxebac a. SaniZe miuTiTebs: `Tav- 

Si qva v-i-e-c~, i-e-c, i-c-a. 

saTaviso qcevis i-s momdevno e xmovani mxolod da mxolod 

Zireulad unda iqnes gagebuli. 

amTaviTve SevniSnavT, rom sasubieqto da saobieqto qcevis 

pirveli da meore piris formebi gansaxilveli zmnisa Zalze iSviaTia. 

ufro xSiria msgavsi semantikis sxva zmnaTa gamoKeneba 

(dakvra, daxla: `wadi da axla TavSi qva ixale~. ilia), Tu v-e-c 

zmnaSi e-s prefiqsad miviCnevT, sasubieqto da saobieqto qcevis 

formebi ase unda ewarmoebina: da-v-i-c-i, da-i-c-i; da-v-u-c-i, dau-c-i. 

am tipis formebi Cven ver davadastureT. da-v-i-ec tipis 

formebi gvxvdeba: `TavSi qva iec iec da isa hqeni~ (ilia). `wadi da 

TavSi qva ie ieci ie ci da Sen aalage~ (ilia) Girssacnobi faqtia is, 

rom iec iec forma iliasTan gvxvdeba rogorc poetur, ise arapoetur 

teqstebSi. 

v-i-ec tipis formebi Cveulebrivia xevsuruli dialeqtisa- 

Tvis: `marcxenaSi mi miiec mi 

ec xanJali~ (= marcxenaSi gadaitane xanJali), 

xevsurulSi gansaxilveli zmnis paradigmas aseTi saxe aqvs: 

mi-v-i-ec, mi-i-ec, mi-i-c-a (cnoba mogvawoda a. yinyaraulma). 

TavisTavad daismis kiTxva: sasubieqto qcevis amgvari formebi 

inovaciaa, prefiqsuli e xmovnis fuZiseulad gadaazrebis 

Sedegi, Tu istoriuli viTarebis asaxva? iseTi arqauli dialeqtis 

Cveneba, rogoric xevsurulia, am ukanasknels unda uyerdes 

mxars. 

CvenTvis saintereso forma Zvel qarTulSic dadasturda 

(vsargeblobT saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis 

institutis saleqsikono fondiT, sadac am Ziris Semcveli 

ramdenime aTasi baraTi moipoveba...): egera vidreme ukue erTsa 

Zalsa samociqulosa da dauec da 

ec ec (kanon. karTag. 105. 6). es forma 

teqstis gamomcemels, k. kekeliZes, imdenad iSviaTad miuCnevia, 

rom leqsikonSic Seaqvs: da dauec da 

ec ec _ daukari (cemisagana). sxva magaliTi: 

nugeSinis viec (wameba abdulmesisi, 131. 13). 

subieqturi pirveli da meore piris formebi sxva ar Segvxvedria, 

mesame pirisa mravladaa: nugeSinis ica Tavsa T‚ssa (II 

mefeTa, oS. 13. 39). nugeSinis ica glovisagan iuda (dab. 38. 12). 

dauca Krmas mas... (paterik. II. gv. 58, 13) da sxv.

Sesavali 

Zveli qarTuli enis werilobiTi Zeglebis guldasmiTi Seswavla, 

vfiqrobT, `dauec~ tipis sxva magaliTebsac gamoaCens. am- 

Jerad Cven imis Tqmis ufleba gvaqvs, rom Zveli qarTuli enis 

Cvenebac mxars uyers e xmovnis Ziriseulad miCnevas. 

e xmovnis Ziriseulobis mamtkicebel erT-erT arsebiT argumentad 

ce cema ce ma zmnis meore kavSirebiTis warmoeba migvaCnia. 

Zvel qarTulSi gansaxilveli zmna meore kavSirebiTs -e e sufiqsiT 

iwarmoebda: ra ca scen scen mas yamadi (l. C. 8. 55). xolo 

wKali igi, romeli vsce vsce vsce mas, eKos (i. C. 4. 14)... asea axal qar- 

TulSic: mi mivce mi 

vce vce, vce mi misces mi 

sces sces... sces ... 

is faqti, rom ce cema ce cema 

ma zmna meore kavSirebiTs -e sufiqsiT 

iwarmoebs, imis mauwKebelia, rom kavSirebiTis formebSi gauCinarebuli 

e xmovani kavSirebiTis mawarmoebeli -e sufiqsisaTvis 

saKrdeni morfemiseulia (e. i. e Ziriseulia). (am sakiTxs qvemoT, 

V TavSi, ganvixilavT). 

Tu e xmovans Zireulad gaviazrebT, arabunebrivad SeiZleba 

mogveCvenos amgvari struqturis Ziri: ec ec. ec 

amis gamo aris, rom a. 

SaniZe e xmovnis wina poziciaSi Tanxmovans gulisxmobs dakargulad; 

ec ZirisaTvis *vec vec an *hec hec variants varaudobs amosavlad. 

Znelia amjamad imis mtkiceba, v an h Tanxmovani iKo Tu ara e 

xmovnis win, magram xmovniT dawKebuli zmnu zmnuri zmnu ri Zi Zire Zi 

re rebi re bi ucxo ucxo rom 

ar aris qarTulisaTvis, faqtia. f. erTeliSvili VC struqtu- 

ris 10, xolo VCC struqturis 9 zmnur fuZes gamoKofs (f. er- 

TeliSvili, 1970). marTalia, ar aris Cveulebrivi qarTulisaTvis 

amgvari struqturis zmnuri Zirebi, sakvlevia maTi istoria, magram 

faqtia maTi arseboba da ec Ziric maT rigSi Cadgeba. 

e xmovnis Zireulad miCneva ec Zirs gancalkevebiT ar warmogvidgens. 

roca vambobT, rom e Zireuli elementia zmnisa, ar gamovricxavT 

SesaZleblobas misi afiqsuri warmomavlobisas; magram 

KuradGebas vamaxvilebT imaze, rom Zveli da axali qarTulis monacemebis 

mixedviT e xmovans prefiqsad ver gaviazrebT, misi gamonawevreba 

da c TanxmovanTan daSoreba ar unda iKos gamar- 

Tlebuli. 

kidev erTxel davubrundebiT im sakiTxs, rom gaziareba ama 

Tu im Tvalsazrisisa da miuGebloba ama Tu im Sexedulebisa 

37

38 


mxolod da mxolod gansaxilveli sagnis interesebidan gamomdinare 

xdeba. a. SaniZis principulma midgomam _ erTi da igive 

faqti SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad iKos kvalificirebuli _ mogvca 

biZgi am msJelobisa... msgavsi magaliTi _ arsebuli Tvalsazrisi 

rom safuZvelia sakiTxis axleburad dasmisa _ araerTia 

am wignSi. cxadia, madlieri varT Kvela avtorisa, visma Tvalsazrismac 

saSualeba mogvca msJelobisa... vinc Tavisi SexedulebiT 

(misaGebiTa Tu miuGebliT) saSualeba mogvca, davfiqrebuliKaviT 

ama Tu im sakiTxze, gamogveTqva Cveni azri, warmogvedgina 

Cveni Tvalsazrisi... 

mi mina mi 

na nawe 

weri 

ri: ri gasuli saukunis oTxmociani wlebidan moKolebuli 

Cvens sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi momxdarma Zvrebma, kataklizmebma 

arc me damtova gulgrili da publicisturi werilebiT, 

gamosvlebiT vcade mxari ameba cxovrebisaTvis. ramdenime wignic 

gamoveci amgvari... erT periodSi gadawona kidec Cemma `publicisturma 

saqmianobam~ da amitomacaa albaT, rom am wignSi zogan 

wminda mecnierul sakiTxebze msJelobisas publicisturi stili 

SeiZleba moeCvenos mkiTxvels... unda mapatioT...

nawili nawili 

nawili 

pirveli 

pirveli 

Tavi Tavi pirveli 

pirveli 

dro dro-kiloTa dro kiloTa kiloTa sistema sistema qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

dro dro-kiloTa 

dro kiloTa sistemis sistemis Seswavlis Seswavlis istoriidan 

istoriidan 

Tavi Tavi meore meore 

dro dro-kiloTa dro dro kiloTa sistema sistema. sistema 

. uGlebis uGlebis tipebi tipebi 

tipebi

Tavi Tavi I. dro-kiloTa sistemis Seswavlis 

istoriidan 

$ $ $ 1. . . anton anton anton pirvelis pirvelis pirvelis `qarTuli qarTuli qarTuli Grammatika 

Grammatika~ 

Grammatika 

1.1. dro-kiloTa sistemis Seswavlis istorias anton pirvelis 

gramatikidan viwKebT, radganac àntonis gramatika arsebiTad 

pirveli gramatikaa qarTuli enisa, masTan Kvelaze vrceli praqtikul 

(winaremecnierul) gramatikaTa Soris, rac ki dGemde dawerila~ 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1965, gv. 90) da mas èmKareba rigi gramatika 

qarTuli enisa XVIII saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi da XIX saukunis 

pirvel meoTxedSi~ (iqve, gv. 19). ànton pirvelis `qar- 

Tuli Grammatkis~ mniSvneloba ara marto imiT ganisazGvreba, 

rom es aris pirveli sruli saskolo gramatika, aramed imiTac, 

rom misi gavlena Semdgomi drois gramatikosebze didze didi iKo 

da gramatikuli azris ganviTareba saqarTveloSi srulad ar iqneba 

warmodgenili, Tu antonis gramatika gamowvlilviT ar iqneba 

Seswavlili~ (e. babunaSvili, 1970, gv. 3). sakiTxis istorias antonis 

gramatikiT viwKebT imitomac, rom ìgi aris ara mxolod 

pirveli gramatikis avtori, aramed qarTuli enaTmecnierebis fu- 

Zemdebelia saerTod~ (a. focxiSvili, 1995, gv. 19). 

Tumca Tu ufro zustebi viqnebiT, unda vTqvaT _ èrT-er- 

Ti fuZemdebeli~. faqtia: antoni Kamirs ar texs... qarTuli 

enaTmecnieruli azri ki safuZvels gacilebiT adre iGebs: samar- 

Tlianad miuTiTeben, rom enaTmecnieruli azrovnebis istoria 

qarTuli anbanis Seqmnidan unda daviwKoTo... Tumca es sxva Temaa. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna qarTuli enis Seswavlis istoriis TvalsazrisiT 

mniSvnelovania `mokle Grammatika qarTuli enisa, 

qmnuli zurab SanSovanisagan, 1937 welsa~, romelic 

gamosca al. cagarelma peterburgSi 1881 w. 

i. abulaZis TqmiT, `z. SanSovanis `qarTul gramatikas~ 

mxolod istoriuli mniSvneloba aqvs. igi

42 


pirveli cdaa `qarTuli gramatikis~ Sedgenisa: 

cda, romelsac zurabis TanamedroveTagani da axlo 

TanamSromeli _ vaxuSti batoniSvili _ samarTlianad 

uKurebs rogorc `gzas Gramatikisas 

usruls~ (i. abulaZe, 1940, gv. 158). miuxedavad 

imisa, rom z. SanSovanis gramatika somxuri gramatikis 

mixedviT iqmneboda (arn. Ciqobava, 1965, gv. 

87), masSi aris zogi faseuli dakvirveba (mag.: vinisa 

da manis rigis gamoKofa...), terminologiuri 

siaxle, rac ùcvlelad (anda erTgvarad cvlili) 

antonis gramatikaSic iKo Semdeg gamoKenebuli da 

qarTuli enis gramatikaSi damkvidrda (amjamad 

Znelia imis Tqma, aqedan ra ukve moipoveboda da 

ra aris z. SanSovanis Seqmnili. sagramatiko terminebis 

istoria qarTuli enis gramatikis istorias 

gvaniSnebs. sakiTxs calke Seswavla esayiroeba)~ 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1965, gv. 87). amdenad, antoni 

garkveulad emKareba winamorbed gramatikosTa 

(Kovel SemTxvevaSi z. SanSovanis) monapovars, ise 

rogorc z. SanSovani (ivaraudeba) adrindel gramatikebs 

qarTuli Tu sxva enebisas. magram mTavari 

isaa, rom pirvelad qarTul sinamdvileSi antonma 

SeZlo sistemuri saxe mieca, erTgvarad SeeJamebina 

arsebuli da ganevrco igi Tavisi ubadlo 

niyis wKalobiT; faqtobriv, Seeqmna sruli 

gramatika qarTuli enisa da safuZveli moemzadebina 

qarTuli enis Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis. esaa 

erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezi imisa, rom sakiTxis istorias 

anton pirvelidan viwKebT. 

antonis gramatikul naazrevSi garkveva rTuli da sapasuxismgeblo 

saqmea. Tavis droze iv. JavaxiSvili aGniSnavda, rom 

àntoni kaTalikozis niyma da mecnieruli dakvirvebis unarma 

qarTuli enis agebulebis ara erTi im Taviseburebis SemCneva da 

pirvelad aGniSvna SeaZlebina, romelic Tanamedrove saenaTmecniero 

mwerlobaSic cnobilia~, Tumca imasac aGniSnavda, rom àntoni 

kaTalikozis xelovnuri, sqolastikuri ena da metadre mi-

Tavi I. dro-kiloTa sistemis Seswavlis istoriidan 

si gramatikuli terminologiis Tanamedrove terminologiasTan 

gansxvavebuloba misi naSromis gagebasa da Jerovan Sefasebas metad 

aZnelebs. antoni kaTalikozis terminologiis Tanamedrove 

SesatKvisobani rom garkveuli iKos, maSin misi naSromis Sinaarsic 

advili gasagebi gaxdeboda da is Gvawlic, romelic qarTuli 

enis SeswavlaSi mas miuZGvis, ufro cxadi Seiqmneboda~ (iv. 

JavaxiSvili, 1937, gv. 4-5). 

marTalia, iv. JavaxiSvilis es mosazreba didi xnis winaT gamoiTqva 

da mas Semdeg bevri gakeTda antonis mecnieruli memkvidreobis 

SeswavlisaTvis, magram mainc iCens Tavs zogi problema, 

mravali sirTule; Tumca misi sruli daZlevisa da gadawKvetis 

pretenzia arc Cven SeiZleba gvqondes. 

faqtia da araerTgzis aGniSnula, rom antoni gramatikli 

analizisas xSirad uSvebs Secdomas, arazust kvalifikacias aZlevs 

faqtebs. es Kovelive gasagebi gaxdeba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT 

imdroindeli gramatikuli azrovnebis dones da, kerZod, qarTuli 

enis Seswavlis imjamindel mdgomareobas. faqtia isic, rom 

antons, faqtobriv, mTeli rigi sakiTxebis garkvevaSi winamorbedi 

ara hKavs, aq ki, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Kamirs texs. 

Cveni mizania, ZiriTadad warmoCndes antonis damsaxureba _ 

ra gaakeTa man faseuli zmnis, kerZod ki dro-kiloTa sistemis 

kvlevis saqmeSi da ara is, risi gakeTeba ver SeZlo man, anda ra 

Secdoma dauSva. 

mianiSneben imasac, rom antoniseuli analizi xSirad emKareba 

xelovnur formebs. gvainteresebs, ramdenad xelovnuria esa 

Tu is forma da, Sesabamisad, ra aris mizezi amgvar `xelovnur~ 

formaTa gaCenisa. 

rogorc cnobilia, antonis gramatikis ori varianti arsebobs: 

pirveli _ 1753 wlisa da meore _ 1967 wlisa. Cveni msJeloba 

daemKareba meore variantis beydur gamocemas (antoni), 

radgan, rogorc aGniSnaven, `pirveli varianti mxiTar sebastielis 

somxuri gramatikis nimuSebs misdevda... meore _ ufro damoukidebelic 

iKo da ufro srulic~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1965, gv. 

86). meore variantis upiratesobas pirvelTan SedarebiT antonic 

araerTxel gaxazavs (antoni, 1885, gv. 169-170, 183). 

43

44 


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna am ociode wlis winaT, roca am sakiTxze daviwKe 

muSaoba, mxolod es gamocema gvqonda antonis gramatikisa. 

sabednierod, moxerxda am wignis xelaxla 

gamocema (1997 w.). 

CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT axal 

gamocemasTan Sedareba moxda... 

msJelobis gasaadvileblad antoniseuli dro-kiloTa sistemis 

Sedarebas movaxdenT a. SaniZiseul sistemasTan. a. SaniZiseul 

sauGlebel erTeulTa sistemaSi, rogorc cnobilia, axali qar- 

TulisaTvis gvaqvs sami seria da 11 mwkrivi. II seriaSi a. SaniZe 

brZanebiTisa da II xolmeobiTis mwkrivebsac warmoadgens da miu- 

TiTebs, rom àq Semotanilia kiloebSi Semonaxuli ori mwkrivic: 

brZanebiTi da II xolmeobiTi~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 223). amitom 

Cveni msJeloba am or sauGlebel erTeulsac Seexeba. Sesadareblad 

axali qarTulis mwkrivTa sistemas mivmarTavT imitom, 

rom, Jer erTi, antonisdroindeli qarTuli faqtobriv axali 

qarTulia da, meorec, analizi antonis gramatikuli sistemisa 

amis safuZvels gvaZlevs. 

zmnis morfologiis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi antonis gramatikis 

I da II nawilSia ganxiluli. pirvel nawilSi warmodgenilia uGlebis 

paradigmebi, uGlebis tipebi da maTi saxeobani; meore nawilSi 

Teoriuli msJelobaa zmnuri formawarmoebisa da funqciebis 

Sesaxeb. TavisTavad, amgvari ageba gramatikisa mniSvnelovan 

faqtad gvesaxeba: praqtikuli (I nawilisa) da Teoriuli (II nawilisa) 

Girebuleba naSromisa izrdeba. 

1111....2222. . . . uG uGle uG uGle 

leba leba 

ba ba 

antonis azriT, zmnis kategoria, iseTive, rogoric sxva da- 

narCeni: èmdevrebian zmnasa, ricx…sa q…ÀSe Semosrulni r…ani 

ra meni: 1. naTesavi, 2. nak…ÀTi, 3. saxe, 4. ricx‚, 5. piri, 6. 

dro , 7. sqesi, 8. uGl…a ~ (gv. 179). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna 1. rogorc iTqva, 1997 wels gamoica antonis gramatika 

meored. Cven vtovebT damowmebebs pirveli 

gamocemidan. mizezi ZiriTadad is gaxlavT, rom


aris sagulisxmo cvlilebebi am or gamocemas Soris, 

gansakuTrebiT paradigmebSi. rogorc Cans, 

xelnawerebi, romlebsac es gamocemebi emKareba, 

gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan; es exeba formaTa daboloebebs 

(ganibaneboda _ ganibanebodes...), or- 

Tografias (‚ da vi) da sxv. zogJer iseTi STabeydileba 

rCeba, rom meore gamocemaSi `paradigmaTa 

gasworeba~ xdeba... garda amisa, am sakiTxebze 

muSaoba gacilebiT adre daviwKeT... 

2. aq antoni ar Cans originaluri, raodenobac da 

Tanamimdevrobac zmnuri kategoriebisa z. SanSovanisas 

emTxveva. Tavs iCens mxolod zogi terminologiuri 

sxvaoba (Sdr.: z. SanSovani, 1881, gv. 21-23). 

sauGlebel erTeuls (e. i. mwkrivs) antoni dros dros uwodebs. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna gasarkvevia, zmnuri kategoriebis CamoTvlisas dasaxelebli 

dro dro drois gramatikul kategoriaze 

mianiSnebs Tu sauGlebel erTeulze; Tu ar ganasxvavebs 

mas avtori. 

uGvlilebis sistemaSi eqvsi droa warmodgenili: 

1. awmKo 

2. namKo usruli 

3. namKo sruli 

4. namKo usrulesi 

5. namKo uusrulesi 

6. mKoobadi 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna sauGlebel erTeulTa raodenoba da Tanamimdevroba 

aqac emTxveva z. SanSovanisas; sxvaobs terminologia 

(mKofi; Kofili usruli, sruli, maradisruli, 

zesruli; mKofadi). 

antonTan, iseve rogorc momdevno periodis avtorTa na- 

SromebSi, uGlebis sakiTxebis ganxilvisas KuradGeba eqceva 

zmnis formasac da funqciasac. sxvagvarad: zmnur formaTa anto- 

45

46 


niseuli analizi formobriv-funqciur princips emKareba. kilos 

(avtoris terminologiiT _ sqesi) kategoria arsebiTia formaTa 

ganawilebisas droebSi. kilos mixedviT formaTa ganawileba avtors 

saSualebas aZlevs, zmnis Kvela SemCneuli forma am 6 

droSi gadaanawilos. 

1111....3333. . . . ra ra ra ra masa ma ma masa 

salas salas 

las las emKareba emKare emKare emKareba 

ba ba avto av av avto 

tori tori 

ri ri grama gra gra grama 

mati mati 

tiku tiku 

kuli kuli 

li li 

anali ana ana anali 

lizis lizis 

zis zis dros???? dros dros dros 

aGniSnaven, rom àntonis gramatikaSi damowmebuli zmnis 

uGvlilebis paradigmebi cxadKofs, rom antons Kvelgan Zveli 

qarTulis masala aqvs gaTvaliswinebuli [sqolioSi: Tu mxedvelobaSi 

ar miviGebT Zvel qarTulSi ararsebul, fsevdoarqaul 

formebs (hrwamnn... aGmixumies... tipisas)...]. Secdomac iq mosdis, 

radganac mis dros Zveli qarTulis enobrivi movlenebi ukve 

mkvdaria da, amas garda, enobrivi intuicia mas axali qarTuli 

enis modelebs ukarnaxebs (amitomac aris gaparuli paradigmebSi 

axali qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebi)~ (e. babunaSvili, 

1970, gv. 176-177). es saintereso dakvirveba saintereso kiTxvas 

aGZravs: antoni Zveli qarTulis masalas emKareba (es ara marto 

paradigmebidan, damowmebuli teqstebidanac Cans), magram antonis 

gramatika Zveli qarTuli enis gramatikaa Tu axali qarTulisa, 

e. i. antonisdroindeli qarTulisa? kiTxvis dasma imdenad migvaCnia 

logikurad, ramdenadac antonisdroindeli qarTuli axali 

qarTulia. cocxal, sasaubro enaSi Zveli qarTulis faqtebi na- 

STis saxiTGaa SemorCenili XVIII saukuneSi (amis dasturad sulxan-saba 

orbelianisa da daviT guramiSvilis gaxsenebac kmara). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna marTalia, gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom 

imave sulxan-saba orbelianis saero da sasuliero 

xasiaTis Txzulebani sxvaoben stilis TvalsazrisiT: 

sasuliero xasiaTis Txzulebani arqauli 

stiliT iwereba, magram imave arqaul formaTa 

funqciur-semantikuri gaazreba, rogorc Cans, axali 

qarTulis poziciebidan xdeba... 

dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxs momdevno msJeloba gagvaceminebs.


1111....4444.... pirveli pirveli pirveli pirveli se seri se seri 

riis riis 

is is forme for for forme 

mebi mebi 

bi bi 

e. babunaSvili aGniSnavs: àntons gamouKenebia Zveli qar- 

Tulis TiTqmis Kvela mwkrivi: awmKo, uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi, I 

kavSirebiTi, wKvetili, II kavSirebiTi, I TurmeobiTi, II Turmeobi- 

Ti sporadulad, awmKos xolmeobiTi, uwKveteli, I brZanebiTi, II 

brZanebiTi, II xolmeobiTi. ar Cans mxolod III kavSirebiTi (e. babunaSvili, 

1970, gv. 177). 

marTalia, I seriis formaTagan antoni amCnevs Kvela formas 

Zveli qarTulisas _ 

awmKos 

awmKos xolmeobiTs 

uwKvetels 

I brZanebiTs 

uwKvetlis xolmeobiTs 

I kavSirebiTs _ 

magram am eqvsi mwkrivis formebs paradigmebSi sam droSi anawilebs: 

awmKoSi awmKoSi, awmKoSi 

uwKve uwKvetel 

uwKve uwKvetel 

telSi tel Si (namKo usrulSi _ avtoris terminologiiT), 

I kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebiT 

biTSi biT Si (sawadisisa sqesisa awmKo-mKofadSi). 

ra xdeba? formebs amCnevs, aanalizebs da uGlebis sistema- 

Si Kvelas ver uZebnis adgils? avtorisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

enobrivi alGos patronisaTvis da, saerTod, enaTmecnieruli 

analizis xelovanisaTvis, es faqti TiTqos ucnaurad jGers. 

amTaviTve vitKviT: axa axali axa li qar qarTu qar 

Tu Tulis Tu lis enob enobri enob 

ri rivi vi si sinam si 

nam namdvi 

dvile dvi le 

ax axdens ax 

dens ga gavle ga gavle 

vlenas vlenas 

nas an anton an 

ton tonze tonze 

ze; ze ; ig igi ig 

i axa axali axa li qar qarTu qar 

Tu Tulis Tu lis se seman se 

man manti 

tikur 

kur-fun kur fun- 

qci qciuri qci ri po pozi po pozi 

zici 

ciebi ci bi bidan bi dan uKurebs Zve Zveli Zve 


Tu Tulis Tu lis faq faqtebs faq 

tebs da 

amitom Zveli faqtebis kvalifikacia KovelTvis ver iqneba swori; 

sxvagvarad: for formob for formob 

mobri mobri 

rivad rivad 

vad Zve Zveli Zve 


Tu Tulis Tu lis mo mona mo 

na nace 

cemi ce mi se seman se seman 

manti 

tiku ti ku- ku 

rad rad ax axali ax li qar qarTu qar qarTu 

Tulis lis po pozi po 

zi zici zici 

ciebi ci bi bida 

danaa da naa ga gaana ga na nali 

lize 

zebu zebu 

buli 

li. li 

a w m K o - m K o f a d i. awmKos paradigmebSi antoni Zveli qar- 

Tulis viTarebas asaxavs: uzmniswino da zmniswiniani varianti 

antonisaTvis orive awmKoa TxrobiTi kilosi; mag.: awmKoa, erTi 

mxriv, vas…am vas…am, vas…am vas…am , vis…me vis…mevi vis…me 

vi vi, vi , vawKen vawKen, vawKen 

, vhg… vhg…Àm... vhg… 

... meore mxriv, Se Sevhkrav Se 

vhkrav vhkrav, vhkrav , 

gan ganvhban gan 

vhban vhban, vhban , ga ganvi ga 

vi viba 

bane 

nebi 

bi, 

, aGvix…am aGvix…am, aGvix…am aGvix…am, 

, aGvix aGvixmi aGvix 

mi mi... mi ... 

aqve gvinda SevniSnoT, rom zmniswinis sakiTxi antonTan sa- 

47

48 


gangebo KuradGebas imsaxurebs. uGlebis paradigmebSi (I nawilSi) 

zmna Kvela droSi an uzmniswinodaa warmodgenili, an _ zmniswiniT. 

zmniswinis mier momavali drois gamoxatvis funqciaze antoni 

aras ambobs. ise ki, 12 zmnis paradigmidan 9 uzmniswinodaa 

warmodgenili, 3 _ zmniswiniT (Sevhkrav, ganvhban, aGvix…am)... saer- 

Tod ki, uGlebis tipebsa da mis saxeobebze msJelobisas antoni 

pirvel nawilSi 80-mde zmnas ganixilavs. amaTgan aTiodes warmoadgens 

zmniswiniT. Cveulebriv, msJelobisas awmKos formas (uzmniswinos) 

asaxelebs da saubrobs mis mimarTebaze namKo srulsa 

da mKofadTan (e. i. meore kavSirebiTTan). Zneli saTqmelia, Ziri- 

Tadad uzmniswino formaTa Sesaxeb msJeloba niSnavs Tu ara 

imas, rom swored amgvar formebSi xedavs avtori awmKos mniSvnelobas. 

vfiqrobT, ar unda iKos gamoricxuli amgvari gagebac. 

zmniswinis funqciaze, mianiyos zmnas mKofadis gageba, araa 

saubari antonTan. saerTod, zmniswinis sagangebo rols zmnuri 

formis semantikur gagebaSi, rogorc Cans, grZnobs avtori, magram 

araa bolomde gaazrebuli misi mniSvneloba da amitom Tavs 

aridebs erTsa da imave paradigmaSi zmniswinian da uzmniswino 

formaTa warmodgenas. sagulisxmo faqtia, rom antonma gamoKo 

Zveli qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Kvela zmniswini (ir. veSapiZe, 

1967, gv. 4-8). gramatikis II nawilSi, sadac sagangebo msJelobaa 

zmniswinze, aGniSnavs, rom isini arian `mc…alebelni maTisa 

mniS…nelobisani, romelTaca zed-daedebian~. am SemTxvevaSi, 

vfiqrobT, antoni mianiSnebs zmniswinis ara romelime konkretul 

mniSvnelobaze, aramed zogadad SeniSnavs, rom zmniswinis 

darTva zmnas garkveuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelobas ucvlis 

(Sdr. al. focxiSvili, 1979, gv. 106). amgvari daskvnis uflebas 

gvaZlevs antonis Semdgomi msJeloba: `xolo esenia (zmniswinebi 

_ g. g.), wulil mxeduÀlobiTa GrammatikosisaTa, arian mniSvnel 

ra mesa~ (gv. 160). e. i. maT raGac mniSvneloba aqvT, magram konkretulad 

ra, amis Taobaze aras SeniSnavs. 

sagangebod zmniswinze imitom SevCerdiT, rom zmniswinian 

da uzmniswino formebs avtori orives awmKod miiCnevs, ara imitom, 

rom Zveli qarTuli sinamdvilis gramatikul aGweras axdens, 

aramed Tavs aridebs zmniswinis formawarmoebiT funqciaze 

KuradGebis gamaxvilebas. zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa dapirispirebis 

SesaZleblobas xedavs Kvela droSi. dro-kiloTa


sistemaSi erTsa da imave zmnasTan sxvadasxva sauGlebel er- 

TeulSi zmniswini erTi funqciisad miiCneva. 

Girssacnobia is faqti, rom Zveli qarTulis e. w. awmKos 

xolmeobiTi, romelsac, ra Tqma unda, amCnevs avtori, misTvis 

awmKos variantia mxolod piris niSniT gansxvavebuli; mianiSnebs 

imasac, rom amgvari varianti Kvela zmnas SeiZleba hqondes: `Koveli 

zmna awmKosa drosa Sina pirisamebr mesamisa SesaZlebel ars niSniTa 

amiT n ganpirovnebad, magal.: hrwamn, Sehkravn, hscemn da sx…ani~ 

(gv. 171). am dakvirvebas gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas mivaniyebT 

Zveli qarTulis dro-kiloTa sistemis analizisas. antoni aGniSnavs 

imasac, rom sanian da narian mxolobiTis formebs mravlobiTebic 

Sesabamisi aqvT: `romelsaca awmKosa Sina drosa pirsa mesamesa 

apirovnebs n, magal.: hrwamn hrwamn, hrwamn mamravlebel eqmnebis kualad n, magal.: 

hrwamnn~ (iqve). es forma samecniero literaturaSi kvalificirebulia 

`qarTulSi ararsebul, fsevdoarqaul formad~ (e. babunaSvili, 

1970, gv. 176). marTalia, am konkretul SemTxvevaSi antoni 

cdeba, magram am Secdomas safuZveli isev Zvel qarTulSi eZebneba. 

iseTi SemTxvevebis arseboba Zvel qarTulSi, rogoricaa: 

awmKo: a-qun-s º a-qu-s 

Can-s º Ca-s 

awmK. xolm. a-qun º a-qun-n 

Can º Can-n 

ubiZgebs avtors hrwamnn hrwamnn formis Seqmnisaken. marTalia, forma 

xelovnuria, magram safuZvels amgvari formis Seqmnisas Zveli 

qarTulis enobrivi sinamdvile iZleva. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna es rom asea, amas isic adasturebs, rom avtoriseul 

msJelobaSi aqunn aqunn formas awmKos mravlobiTi 

ricxvis mniSvnelobiT gamoiKenebs: `...mamravled da 

mapirovned aqunn igive niSanni~... (antoni, 1985, gv. 

181) Sdr.: `mesamisa mimarT pirisa aqus mapirovned 

mxolobiTad a~ (antoni, 1985, gv. 187). aseve: `mravalni 

namKosa srulsa drosa Sinani zmnani sx‚sa 

da sx‚sa uGl‚lebisani hsCann erTSesaxedavKofad~... 

(antoni, 1885, gv. 187). 

samwuxarod, antoni ver amCnevs Zveli qarTulis e. w. awmKos 

xolmeobiTis mravlobiTis formebs -ed ed bolosarTiT, magram 

49

50 


faqti mainc sagangebo msJelobas moiTxovs. saqme isaa, rom pirvel 

nawilSi, uGlebis paradigmebSi, nariani awmKo saerTod araa 

warmodgenili. Kvela SemTxvevaSi saniani formebia mesame pirSi 

Se Sehkravs Se 

hkravs tipisa. e. i. avtori paralelur sanian da narian variantTagan 

ZiriTadad pirvels miiCnevs. narian formebSi awmKos 

gagebas xedavs; ver amCnevs semantikur sxvaobas ars ars da arn arn arn formebs 

Soris. viTareba naTelia: an anto an 

to toni to ni Zve Zveli Zve 


Tu Tulis Tu lis faq faqtebs faq 

tebs 

axa axali axa li qar qarTu qar 

Tu Tulis Tu lis fun funqci fun 

qci qciur 

ur-se ur se seman 

manti 

tiku 

kuri ku ri po pozi po 

zi zici 

ciebi ci bi bidan bi dan xe xedavs xe 

davs davs. davs 

da is faqti, rom paralelur (narian da sanian) variantTagan 

ZiriTadad sanians miiCnevs, paralelur formaTagan erT-er- 

Tis upiratesobis miniyebis antoniseul principebze migvaniSnebs: 

ars ars da arn arn orive awmKoa (antonisaTvis): sixSire saniani 

formebis gamoKenebisa wKvets ars ars ars formis ZiriTadobis sakiTxs. 

six sixSi six sixSi 

Siru 

ruli ru li mo mona mo 

na nace nace 

ceme 

mebis bis ga gaTva ga gaTva 

Tvalis 

liswi 

wine 

neba ne ba pa para pa 

ra rale 

lelur le lur for forma for forma 

maTagan ma gan gan 

erT erT-er erT er erTis er Tis Zi Ziri Zi 

ri riTa 

Tadad Ta dad mi miCne mi 

Cne Cnevis Cne vis um umTav um 

Tav Tavre 

resi re si prin princi prin 

ci cipi ci pi Cans Cans an anto an to- to 

ni nisa ni 

sa saTvis 

Tvis. Tvis sixSiruli monacemebi Zveli qarTulis mixedviT ganisazGvreba. 

aqac da sxva SemTxvevaSic antonis mier paralelur 

formaTagan paradigmebSi erT-erTisaTvis upiratesobis miniyeba 

normirebis mcdelobasac unda niSnavdes: paradigmebSi Setanil 

formas normis mniSvneloba aqvs misTvis. 

u w K v e t e l i (n a m K o u s r u l i). e. babunaSvili aGniSnavs, 

rom àntonis namKo usruli, rogorc es Cans misi msJelobidan 

da paradigmebidanac, aris ZiriTadad Zveli qarTulis 

uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi (`ganvhbandi, ganhbandi, ganhbandis, ganvhbandiT, 

ganhbandiT, ganhbadian. II, 16V) Tumca xandaxan mxoloobiTis 

III pirSi uwKvetlis formebic dasturdeba (`SeiKuarebda~. 

I, 21V) da mravlobiTis III pirSi kavSirebiTi I-sac (SeiKvareben _ 

I, 21V)~ (e. babunaSvili: 1970, gv. 155). 

amgvari daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas, ra Tqma unda, gvaZlevs 

Zveli qarTuli enis normaTa gaTvaliswineba da antoniseul 

paradigmaTa analizi. magram, vfiqrobT, gasaTvaliswinebelia 

zogi ram. kerZod: gansxvavebulad unda mivudgeT, erTi mxriv, I 

da II piris formebs da, meore mxriv, III piris formebs. 

faqtia, rom antonis paradigmebSi warmodgenili I da II piris 

formebi Zveli qarTulis uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis formebia 

rogorc donian, ise od odian od 

zmnebSi, magram isic faqtia, rom


Zvelsave qarTulSi doniani zmnebis uwKvetlisa da uwKvetlis 

xolmeobiTis formebi I da II pirSi formobrivad emTxveva erTmaneTs; 

maTi garCeva ar xerxdeba formobrivad. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, 

rom donianebisa da od odianebis od 

uwKvetlis formaTa gaerTferovneba 

Zvelsave qarTulSi iwKeba. ramdenadac antoni ver 

xedavs sxvaobas awmKosa da awmKos xolmeobiTs Soris (ars-arn), 

mosalodnelia, rom verc is sxvaoba iqnes SeniSnuli, rac uwKvetelsa 

da uwKvetlis xolmeobiTs Sorisaa. am or odenobas antoni 

semantikurad ar ganarCevs. ufro metic, ramdenadac od odia- od 

ni zmnebis Zveli qarTulis uwKveteli (od od ode od daboloebiT) arc 

erT SemTxvevaSi araa warmodgenili namKo usrulis paradigmaSi 

da, piriqiT, ode ode tipis daboloebis mqone formebi I kavSirebi- 

Tis (mKofadis _ avtoris terminologiiT) paradigmaSia warmodgenili 

de de de tipis daboloebis formaTa gverdiT, aSkaraa, rom 

semantikur-funqciuri Sefaseba am formaTa axali qarTulis poziciebidan 

xdeba (amis Taobaze qveviT gveqneba saubari). 

uwKvetlisa da uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis formebze msJeloba 

am SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad III piris formaTa monacemebs unda daemKaros. 

III piris formaTa warmoebis TvalsazrisiT sami SemTxveva 

gairCeva: 

1. roca mxolobiTsa da mravlobiTSi uwKvetlis xolmeobi- 

Tis formebia warmodgenili: 

Sehkr‚dis, Sehkr‚dian (iqve, gv. 24) 

ganbanidis, ganbanidian (iqve, gv. 27) 

2. roca orive ricxvSi uwKvetlis formebia warmodgenili: 

ganibaneboda, ganibaneboden (iqve, gv. 29) 

awKenda, awKenden (iqve, gv. 49) 

3. roca xdeba paradigmaTa aGreva: mxolobiTSi uwKvetlis 

formaa, mravlobiTSi _ uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis da piriqiT: 

ganibaneboda, ganibanebodian (iqve, gv. 29) 

asmida, asmidian (iqve, gv. 39) 

hg…Àmda, hg…Àmdian (iqve, gv. 56) 

51

52 

anda: 


Seikrvodis, Seikrvoden (iqve, gv. 26) 

aKofinebdis, aKofinebden (iqve, gv. 72) 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : 1. Girssacnobia is faqtic, rom uwKvetelSi subieqturi 

mesame piris mravlobiTis formebi axali 

qarTulisaa (-en sufiqsiT); Zveli qarTulis 

formebi antonTan ar gvxvdeba (-es bolosarTiT). 

2. uwKvetlis paradigmebSi warmodgenili Sei SeiKva Sei Sei va- va 

reb rebden reb reb den tipis formaTa gageba I kavSirebiTis 

formebad (Sdr. e. babunaSvili, 1970, gv. 155) ar 

gveCveneba marTebulad. isini axali qarTulis 

uwKvetlis formebia, romlebic formobrivad 

Zveli qarTulis I kavSirebiTs emTxveva. rogorc 

qveviT vnaxavT, antonis gramatikaSi ar aris SemTxveva 

erTi sauGlebeli erTeulis paradigmaSi 

sxvadasxva semantikis formebis warmodgenisa. 

awKen awKenda awKen awKenda 

da da awKen awKenden awKen den mxolod subieqtis ricxviT 

gansxvavebuli formebia; Sesabamisad, mravlobi- 

Tic axali qarTulis uwKvetlis formad unda 

iqnes miCneuli. 

aGniSnuli sami SemTxvevidan II da III SemTxveva iSviaTia. ufro 

xSiria I SemTxveva. unda aGiniSnos isic, rom III piris uwKvetlis 

formebi mxolod pirvel nawilSi, paradigmebSi aris warmodgenili. 

II, Teoriul, nawilSi mxolod uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis 

formebia damowmebuli. ufro sworad, moKvanili 15 magaliTidan 

mxolod erTia uwKvetlisa, isic mxolobiTSi: hswo hswoni hswo hswoni 

nida ni da (antoni, 

1885, gv. 179). arc es Cans SemTxveviTi: meore nawilSi antoni Jer 

wesebs gvTavazobs uwKvetlis warmoebisas, xolo Semdgom am wesebis 

Sesabamisad warmoadgens formebs. aq aGreva nakleb mosalodnelic 

iKo. xolo pirvel nawilSi paradigmaTa agebisas sasaubro 

enis gavlenam iCina Tavi da gaipara realuri formebi. 

vfiqrobT: uwKvetlisa da uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis formaTa 

amgvari aGreva imis mauwKebelia, rom es ori gansxvavebuli erTeuli 

antonisaTvis funqciur-semantikurad erTi da igivea. amave 

dros, uwKvetlis formaTa (III piris magaliTze) simcire da uwK-


vetlis xolmeobiTis formaTa siyarbe moKvanil sailustracio 

masalaSi gamowveuli unda iKos antonis enobrivi poziciiT _ 

maGali stilisaTvis Sesaferisad -is/-ian tipis daboloebian 

formebs miiCnevs (avtoriseuli msJelobac amgvari formebiT mimdinareobs). 

Tavisi drois sasaubro qarTulidan gamomdinare, is 

am tipis formebs arqaulad Tvlis. 

amdenad, uwKvet uwKvetli 

uwKvet uwKvetli 

lisa li sa da uwKvet uwKvetlis uwKvet uwKvetlis 

lis xol xolme xol 

me meobi me bi biTis biTis 

Tis for forme for 

me- 

bi bi an anto an anto 

toni 

nisa 

saTvis sa Tvis er erTi er 

Ti da igi igive igi 

ve fun funqci fun 

ci ciur 


manti 

tiku 

kuri ku ri ode odeno ode 

no- 

baa baa. baa 

aGqma aqac axali qarTulis poziciebidan xdeba. sinonimur 

(antonis gagebiT) formaTagan erT-erTis ZiriTadad miCnevas am 

SemTxvevaSi arqaulobis principi (antonisave gagebiT) gansazGvravs. 

antoni sagangebo KuradGebas amaxvilebs namKo usrulis 

warmoebaze. aGniSnavs, rom `sazG…rebiTisa sqesisa namKosa usrulisa, 

ese igi, ara srulisa drosa Sinani zmnani warmoeben 

sazG…rebiTisave sqesisa, awmKosa drosa SinaTa zmnaTagan~ (iqve, 

gv. 178); rom `mapirovned samTave pirTa mimarT, igive arnn, 

ra caGa arnn awmKosa droTa SinaTa, eg-saxed mamravled-ca. xolo 

niSnad T‚sisa ara srulebisa, miiGeben marc…alsa...~ (iqve, 

gv. 179); rom di di da odi odi marc…alTa mier arian ara srul~ (iqve, 

gv. 181). Tumca am ukanasknelTac daSlis da i-s gamoKofs, romelsac 

sakuTar, zogad niSnad miiCnevs uwKvetlisaTvis: ìkidureben 

uwinares niSnisa ara srulebiTisa aso sa amis i samTave 

pirTa Sina mxoloobTisisamebrca da mravlobiTisa~ (iqve, gv. 

180). namKo usrulis formis analizi, rogorc vxedavT, sworia: 

awmKos awmKos fu fuZe fu Ze + + d-i, anda od od-i; od ; i sakuTriv namKo usrulis mawarmoebelia 

(d da od od ee-sTan 

e kombinaciaSi pirvel kavSirebiT- 

Sic _ sawadisisa sqesisa awmKo da mKoobadi _ gvxvdeba. amasac 

amCnevs antoni). i-s sakuTriv namKo usrulis niSnad miCneva ar 

Cans SemTxveviTi avtorisaTvis. egeve i, rogorc Cans, avtors gaigivebuli 

aqvs III xolmeobiTis -i sufiqsTan. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna saintereso Cans isic, rom egeve i gaigivebulia 

awmKoSi vnebiTis i sufiqsTan: èse (e. i. II xolmeobiTis 

formebi) msgavsi ars vnebiTisa vibrwKinvi, 

visurvi~ (iqve, gv. 181). aq mxolod masalobrivi 

53

54 


igiveobis sakiTxi rom ar dgas, iqidanac Cans, rom 

namKo srulis i-sTan misi gaigiveba ar xdeba. 

II xolmeobiTis formebs antoni, ra Tqma unda, amCnevs, magram 

miiCnevs maT namKo usrulad. `sx‚Taca niSnebiTa iqmnebian 

zmnani namKosa drosa ara srulsa Sina mimoxril, xolo niSanni 

igi arian: 1, i, 2, ‚, magaliTebr: Sevikri, ganvibani, SeviK…ari... 

vhK‚... vhsZrc‚... eseni oriTa niSniTa arian ara srulni, ese igi 

gankidurebiTa: 1. i marc…lisaTa, magaliTebr: vhnergi, 2. ‚, magaliTebr: 

vhK‚, da sx…ani. xolo mamravled da mapirovned aqunn 

igive niSanni, romelnica di da odi odi marcvalTa mier arian ara 

srul~ (iqve, gv. 181). 

samecniero literaturaSi aGniSnulia: àranakleb sainteresoa 

antonis mier II xolmeobiTis formebis uwKvetlad gamocxadebac. 

rogorc Cans, antons SeumCnevia, rom Zvel qarTulSi 

aseTi formebi uwKvetlis funqciiT gamoiKeneba~ (e. babunaSvili, 

1970, gv. 156). Zvel qarTulSi rom II xolmeobiTi uwKvetlis mniSvnelobiT 

gamoiKeneba, es ar unda iKos arsebiTi safuZveli antoniseuli 

analizisaTvis. mTavari aqac is Cans, rom antoni ver 

amCnevs im semantikur sxvaobas, racaa uwKvetelsa da II xolmeobiTs 

Soris. formaTa amgvari analizis safuZveli aqac axali 

qarTulis poziciebidan yvretaa: meore xolmeobiTi aGaraa cocxali 

sasaubro metKvelebaSi; mas ZiriTadad namKo usruli cvlis... 

amgvarad: me meore me 

re xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi biTi bi Ti an anto an 

to tonis to nis ga gage ga 

ge gebiT ge biT ig igive ig 

ve namKo namKo 

us usru us 

ru rulia 

lia, 

, mi misi mi 

si for formob for formob 

mobri 

rivi ri vi va vari va vari 

rian 

antia 

tia. tia am sakiTxze ufro 

vrclad msJeloba gveqneba VI TavSi ($ 23). 

namKo usruladaa gagebuli, mis formobriv variantad, Zveli 

qarTulis I brZanebiTic: `kualad mapirovned aqus zmnaTa 

amaTTa, mesamisa pirisaTa, namKoTa ara srulTa droTa Sina n, ma- 

galiTebr: Sehkr‚din, ganhbandin, hk…ÀTdin, hsZrc‚din, da sx…ani~ 

(antoni, 1885, gv. 181). marTalia, aq mravlobiTis ormagnarian 

formebs gvTavazobs (msgavsad awmKos xolmeobiTisa) _ Sehkr‚dinn, 

SeiK…arebdinn... _ magram cota qveviT, I kavSirebiTis formebze 

msJelobisas, I brZanebiTis formebi mohKavs da sworadac! `mxolobiTisamebr 

mapirovned iqmnebian n. magaliTebr: Seikrvodin, 

Seik…rebodin, xolo mamravled ed ed marc…ali, magaliTebr: Seikrvoded, 

ganibaneboded, aGix…moded da sx…ani~ (iqve, gv. 184).


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna isic sagulisxmo faqtia, mxolobiTis narian formas 

mewKviled mravlobiTSi ed ed-ian ed 

formas dauKenebs. 

rogorc vnaxeT, namKo usrulze msJelobisas antoni ganixilavs 

sxvadasxva sauGlebeli erTeulis formebs: uwKvetlisas, 

uwKvetlis xolmeobiTisas, I brZanebiTisas, meore xolmeobiTisas. 

Kvela es forma antonisaTvis Sinaarsobrivad identuria. avtori 

sayirod cnobs TiToeuli maTganis analizs, ramdenadac mizani 

gramatikuli formis daxasiaTebaa funqciur-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT. 

radgan erT-erTi ZiriTadi principi sauGlebel erTeulTa 

gamoKofisa formis funqciur-semantikuri mxaris gaTvaliswinebaa, 

amitom ramdenime forma erT sauGlebel erTeulSi iKris Tavs. 

e. i. aa aana aa 

na nalizebs na zebs Zi Ziri Zi 

ri riTa 

Tadad dad Zve Zveli Zve li qar qarTu qar qarTu 

Tuli Tu li enis ma masa ma 

sa salas salas 

las, 

, for forma for 

ma ma 

ar ar ar rCe rCeba rCe rCe ba SSeum 

S um umCne 

Cneve 

veli 

li, li , mag magram mag magram 

ram xde xdeba xde 

ba fun funqci fun 

qci qciur qciur 


manti 

tiku 

kurad kurad 

rad am 

am 

for forma for forma 

maTa ma Ta ide identi ide ti tifi 

fika 

kacia kacia 

cia. cia gramatikis II nawilSi Kvela maTgans 

eZebneba adgili; paradigmebSi ase araa. magram Girssacnobia is, 

rom pa para pa 

ra radig 

digmeb 

mebSi meb Si for formob for formob 

mobri mobri 

rivi rivi 

vi pr princi pr 

nci ncipi pi mkac mkacra mkac mkacra 

radaa 

daa ga gata ga gata 

tare 

rebu 

buli bu li 

(Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviGebT uwKvetlisa da uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis 

III piris formebs): funqciur-semantikurad identuri (antonisaTvis) 

II xolmeobiTis forma ar SeiZleba moxvdes uwKvetlis 

formis gverdiT erT paradigmaSi. erTaderTi SemTxvevaa, roca I 

nawilSi II xolmeobiTis formebia namKo usrulis paradigmaSi: 

viK‚i viK‚i, viK‚i , iK‚i iK‚i, iK‚i , iK‚is iK‚is... iK‚is ... (iqve, gv. 21). sagulisxmo SemTxvevaa: var zmnas 

uwKvetlis forma ara aqvs da antonma namKo usrulis droSi II 

xolmeobiTis forma Casva, misi azriT, igive namKo usruli. ra 

Tqma unda, zmnas uwKvetlis forma rom hqonoda, II xolmeobiTi 

paradigmaSi ar moxvdeboda, formobrivi principi ar dairGveoda. 

ZiriTadi safuZveli sxvadasxva formaTa erT semantikurfunqciur 

odenobad gaazrebisa isaa, rom xolmeobiTis kategoria 

antons SeumCneveli darCa. es ki imiT unda iKos gamowveuli, 

rom aGniSnuli kategoria antonisdroindeli qarTulisaTvis 

ukve istoriuli faqtia. antoni formas axali qarTulis funqciur-semantikuri 

poziciidan afasebs. 

I k a v S i r e b i T i (sawadisisa sqesisa awmKo da mKofadi). 

I kavSirebiTis formebi, iseve rogorc sawadisi (kavSirebi- 

Ti) kilos sxva formebi, va vaSa va vaSa 

SaTu Sa Tu Sorisdebuls dairTavs. 

55

56 


I kavSirebiTisaTvis specifikurad antoni de de da ode ode daboloebebs 

miiCnevs. amasTanave gaxazavs, rom ode ode daboloeba vnebi- 

Ti gvaris zmnaTaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli (iqve, gv. 184). 

KuradGebas mivaqcevT im faqts, rom am sauGlebeli erTeulis 

formobrivi analizi axali qarTulis viTarebas asaxavs: od- od 

ian zmnebTan e sufiqsi gvaqvs. e-s specifikuri kavSirebiTis 

formantad gaazreba antons erT lafsuss daaSvebinebs: Se Seik Se 

ik ikrvo ik rvo- 

ded ded, ded , gani ganiba gani ganiba 

bane 

nebo 

boded bo ded tipis formebs I kavSirebiTad gaiazrebs (iqve, 

gv. 184). 

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 meore meore meore meore se seri se seri 

riis riis 


mebi mebi 

bi bi 

n a m K o s r u l i. am sauGlebel erTeuls antoni erT-erT 

ZiriTad drod miiCnevs. igi Kvela zmnis paradigmaSia warmodgenili. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna mxolod erTi zmnis SemTxvevaSia aGreuli paradigma 

(I nawilSi). namKo srulad warmogvidgens 

formebs: vhsciq…d, hsciq…d, hsciq…da; vhsciq…ÀT, 

hsciq…ÀT, hsciq…Às. es erTaderTi SemTxvevaa antonTan, 

roca erTi da imave zmnis erTi drois paradigmaSi 

mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi ase sxvaobs 

formobrivad. mxolobiTis formebi namKo usrulis 

formebia, mravlobiTisa _ namKo srulis. 

faqtis axsna yirs. 

namKo srulisTvis, iseve rogorc awmKosTvis, saKrdenad antons 

masdari miaCnia: `srulsa drosa Sinani zmnani, sazGvrebi- 

Tisa sqesisa mebrni, warmoeben ZirTagan TqmulTa~ (iqve, gv. 187). 

Tumca amas sxvagvari msJeloba mosdevs; Tu sworad gvesmis antonis 

azri, msJeloba ase grZeldeba: namKo srulisTvis amosavalia 

(saKrdenia) awmKo, romlisTvisac TavisTavad amosavalia masdari: 

`kualad ufrore Sesabam ars, raTa pirvelad iwarmoonca ZirTagan 

T‚sTa, awmKosa Sina zmnaTa da maTgan sx…aTa, magra, vina Tgan 

namKod srulad droebiTni sx…aoben, awmKod droebiTTagan iTqmian 

sa saSu sa 

Su Sualo Su lo lobi lobi 

biTa bi Ta (xazi avtorisaa _ g. g.), awmKod droebiTTa 

zmnaTTa ZirTagan pirvelad warmoebad zmnani namKosa srulsa


drosa Sinani~ (iqve, gv. 187). 

zmnuri formawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT faseulad migvaCnia 

awmKosa da namKo srulis formaTa warmoebis urTierTmimarTebis 

sakiTxis dasma. sagulisxmoa antonis dakvirveba imis Taobaze, 

rom awmKos awmKos for formis for mis struq struqtu struq struqtu 

tura tu ra (warmo warmo warmoeba warmo ba ba) ba ) ar gan gansazGvravs 

gan 

sazGvravs 

namKo namKo sru srulis sru lis warmo warmoebis warmo bis tips tips. tips sxvagvarad: zmnebi awmKoSi SeiZleba 

erTgvarad iwarmoebdes formebs, magram gansxvavebuli iKos 

maTi namKo srulis warmoeba: àGvix…am aGvix…am aGvix…am, aGvix…am , vhsdgam arian erTis 

uGvlilebisa q…ÀSeni da erT-xatni awmKosa drosa Sinani, magra 

namKosa srulsa drosa Sina gansx…avebulni urTierTas, magaliTebr: 

aGvix… aGvix…, aGvix… , vadˆg vadˆg~ vadˆg (iqve, gv. 170). 

es faqti imdenad gveCveneba sainteresod, ramdenadac 

dGesac ki namKo srulis warmoebis sakiTxebs awmKos formaTa 

warmoebidan amosvliT ganixilaven. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom namKo srulis formaTa warmoeba TiTqosda 

martivia, Kvelaze meti aGreva da siyrele aq gvaqvs anton- 

Tan. rva niSans gamoKofs namKo srulis mawarmoeblad avtori: 

1. a (Sevhkar, ganvhKav), 2. e (SeviK…are, vec), 3. oda oda (mhsuroda), 4. 

i (ganvardi), 5. … (aGvix…), 6. À (visur…À, vhsZarc…À), 7. ˆ (davadˆg) 

da 8. `vˆd vˆd vˆd, vˆd da odesme d~ (vhsdevˆd, vhswond) (iqve, gv. 187). 

rogorc vxedavT, marTebuladaa gamoKofili me-2 da me-4 SemTxvevaSi 

namKo srulis mawarmoebeli e da i; aqve Semova me-6 Se- 

mTxvevac _ À mawarmoebeli: es avtoris orTografiis Tavisebu- 

rebaa: …-s Semdgom e KovelTvis À-s saxiTaa warmodgenili (e. babunaSvili, 

1970, gv. 52). ra Tqma unda, Secdomaa var var, var 

, , Kav Kav, Kav 

, , vec 

magaliTTa SemTxvevaSi fuZiseuli xmovnis mawarmoeblad miCneva, 

magram TavisTavad sainteresoa is, rom am xmovanTa gamovlena 

namKo srulis Taviseburebad miiCneva (am tipis zmnaTa Ziri sruli 

saxiT mxolod namKo ZiriTadSi warmogvidgeba!). me-3 SemTxvevaSi 

Secdomis wKaro msurs msurs statikuri zmnis formawarmoebis 

Taviseburebaa: msu msuro msu 

ro roda ro da namKo usrulia, namKo sruli ar ewarmoeba; 

funqciurad msu msuro msu 

ro roda ro da itvirTavs namKo srulis mniSvnelobas. 

araswori analizis mizezi me-8 SemTxvevaSic namKo srulisa 

da namKo usrulis funqciur-semantikuri msgavseba unda iKos. 

gaugebaria me-5 SemTxvevaSi bolokiduri …-s miCneva namKo srulis 

niSnad. antoni Cveulebriv namKo srulis formis Sepirispirebas 

axdens awmKos formasTan da gansxvavebul niSans daarqmevs 

57

58 


namKo srulis niSans. … am tipis zmnebTan awmKoSic gvaqvs 

(aGvix…am)... faqtis axsna yirs. 

sworia avtoris dakvirveba imis Taobazec, rom subieqturi 

mesame piris niSnad a da o namKo srulis formaTa warmoebis Taviseburebaa 

(iqve, gv. 187). Tumca Secdoma iCens Tavs mravlobi- 

Tis formebze msJelobisas, hswe hsweres hswe hsweres 

res, res , hk… hk…ÀTes hk… Tes formebSi mravlobiTis 

niSnad s aris miCneuli; Secdoma I-II pirTan III pirs formis 

Sepirispirebam daaSvebina: vhswe vhswereT vhswe vhswereT 

reT, reT , hswe hswereT hswe 

reT reT, reT , hswe hsweres hswe 

res res... 

... 

KuradGebas mivaqcevT imasac, rom III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis 

Sesaxeb msJelobisas antoni ganasxvavebs viTarebas moqmedebiTi 

da vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi. ganmartavs, rom `mesamisa mimarT 

pirisa, zmnaTa amaT vnebiTTa namKod srul droebiTTa mamravled 

aq…sKe: 1. en en, en 

2. nen nen anu nes nes. nes niSanTa amaT KovelTa miiGeben Kov- 

lisa uGvlilebisa q…ÀSeni zmnani Kovlisa magaliTisa mebrni~ 

(antoni, 1985, gv. 190). sainteresoa is, rom nen nen da nes nes erTimeoris 

variantebadaa CaTvlili. miuxedavad imisa, rom antonisaTvis 

saanalizo masala Zveli qarTulisaa, avtori mainc ver gaeqca 

axali qarTulis faqtebs. Tumca paradigmebSi (I nawilSi) yarbobs 

nes (anda es es) es 

tipis daboloeba. vfiqrobT, es antonis enobrivi 

poziciiT unda aixsnes. 

m e o r e k a v S i r e b i T i (sazGvrebiTisa sqesisa mKoobadi). 

es sauGlebeli erTeuli sworadaa gamoKofili da analizic mar- 

Tebulia. antoni sam mawarmoebels gamoKofs: a, , e, , o. àrian ni- 

Sanni mKoobadisa Sina moxrilTa zmnaTani: 1. a, magaliTebr: Sevhkra, 

ganvhxsna, vhqmna, da sxuani, 2. o, magaliTebr: aGvleso, 

vhk…ÀTo, vhswero, da sx…ani. 3. e, magaliTebr: vhsdge, ganvarde, 

ganvhsZlierde, vesvide, da sxuani~ (iqve, gv. 195). 

saKuradGeboa is faqtic, rom I nawilSi uGlebis saxeobebze 

msJelobisas, erT-erTi arsebiTi niSani zmnaTa daxasiaTebisa 

namKo srulisa da mKofadis formaTa urTierTmimarTebis saki- 

Txia: èse srulsa drosa Sina saSual SemoiKvans aa. 

a 

. magaliTebr: 

Sevhkar da mKoofadsa Sina ganikidurebs. e. magaliTebr: viesve... 

da mKoobadsa Sina oo. 

o 

magaliTebr: viesvo~ (gv. 23) da misT. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna erTaderT SemTxvevaSi _ ciq…a _ aGreulia pirveli 

da meore kavSirebiTis formebi; II kavSirebi-


Tad aris gagebuli formebi hsciq‚des, hsciq‚den 

(iqve, gv. 73). Sdr.: imave zmnis namKo sruli. 

sainteresoa prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa II kavSirebi- 

Tis mravlobiTis formebi. I-II piri axali qarTulisaa: Se SevikraT Se 

kraT kraT, kraT , 

Se Seik Se 

ik ikraT ik raT (iqve, gv. 26), gan ganvi gan 

vi viba 

banoT 

noT, noT , ga gani ga gani 

niba 

banoT ba noT (iqve, gv. 29); mesame 

piris formebSi gvaqvs, erTi mxriv, axali qarTulis viTareba _ 

ga gani ga 

ni niba 

banon 

non; non meore mxriv, Zveli qarTulisa _ Se Seik Se 

ik ikrnen 

rnen. rnen erTader- 

Ti SemTxvevaa, roca Zveli qarTulis viTarebaa samsave pirSi: 

viK… viK…ÀniT viK… niT niT, niT , iK… iK…ÀniT iK… niT niT, niT , iK…nen iK…nen (iqve, gv. 21) (Tu mxedvelobaSi ar 

miviGebT antonis orTografiis Taviseburebas); Tumca Semdgom 

viKofi viKofi zmnis paradigmaSi, sadac II da III seriis formebi emTxveva 

var zmnis paradigmebs, mKofadi asea warmodgenili: viKoT viKoT, viKoT , iKoT iKoT, iKoT 

, 

iK…nen iK…nen (iqve, gv. 71). 

amgvarad, II kavSirebiTis paradigmebi antonTan ZiriTadad 

axali qarTulis viTarebas asaxavs. 

m e o r e x o l m e o b i T i s Sesaxeb msJeloba ukve gvqonda 

namKo usrulis sakiTxis ganxilvisas. aGvniSnavT isev, rom antoni 

am formebs amCnevs, gamoKofs mawarmoeblad i elements, oGond ar 

miiCnevs mas damoukidebel sauGlebel erTeulad. avtorisaTvis 

meore xolmeobiTi igive namKo usrulia, misi formobrivi varianti. 

m e o r e b r Z a n e b i T i (brZanebiTisa sqesisa awmKo ). war- 

TqmiT brZanebiTSi namKo srulis formebia moxmobili II pirisa- 

Tvis, II kavSirebiTisa _ III pirisaTvis, xolo ukuTqmiTi brZanebi- 

TisaTvis _ awmKos formebi nu nawilakiTurT. paradigma aseT 

saxes iGebs: 

mxolobiTad Se Sehkar Se 

hkar hkar, hkar , nu Se Sehkrav Se 

hkrav hkrav. hkrav . Se Sehkris Se 

hkris hkris, hkris , nu Se Sekravs Se 

kravs kravs. kravs 

mravlobiTad Se Sehka Se 

hka hkariT hkariT 

riT, riT , nu Se SehkravT Se 

hkravT hkravT. hkravT Sehkran Sehkran, Sehkran , nu Se Sehkra Se 

hkra hkraven 

ven 

(iqve, gv. 25). 

`brZanebiTisa sqesisa awmKo ~ sistemebr am saxiTaa warmodgenili 

antonis paradigmebSi. unda aGiniSnos is faqti, rom 

esaa esaa esaa er erTa er erTa 

Tade 

derTi de i Se SemTxve Se SemTxve 

mTxveva mTxve va uG uGle uG 

le lebis le bis pa para pa para 

radig 

digma 

maSi 

Si, Si , ro roca ro ca for- 

for 

mob mobri mob mobri 

rivad ri vad sxva sxvadas sxva sxvadas 

dasxva das xva mo mona mo mona 

nace 

cemi ce mi sis sistemebr sis temebr erT sauGle sauGlebel sauGle 

bel er erTe er 

Te- 

ul ulSia ul 

a mo moqce mo 

qce qceuli qce li li. li avtorisaTvis am SemTxvevaSi mxolod funqciaa 

59

60 


amosavali. sxva SemTxvevaSi, rogorc vnaxeT, formobriv-funqciuri 

monacemebia gaTvaliswinebuli da isea gamoKofili sauGlebeli 

erTeuli. rogorc Cans, ver axerxebs avtori imas, rom gverdi 

auaros brZanebiTis funqciis mqone formebs da Sesabamis 

sauGlebel erTeulsac gamoKofs, Tumca grZnobs, rom es formobrivi 

principis darGvevaa da miuTiTebs kidec, rom: `Sesaxeda- 

vi da nak…ÀTi brZanebiTisa sqesisa awmKod sazG…rebiTisa igive 

ars, ra ca ars namKo sa srulisa, droebiTisa pirisa meorisa da 

ese damtkicebiTad iqmnebis, magaliTebr: hqmen hqmen. hqmen xolo pirisa mimarT 

mesamisa, mKoobadisa droebiTisa zmnisa, mesamisa msgavsi ars 

da igive KovliTurT, magaliTebr: hqmnas hqmnas. hqmnas xolo nabrZanni uku- 

TqmiTre, anu navedrni pirisa mimarT meorisa, msgavsi ars KovliTurT 

awmKod droebiTisa, meorisa da mesamisa pirisa, magaliTebr: 

nu nu iqm iqm, iqm , nu nu iqms iqms. iqms xolo mravlobiTad warmodgoma damtkicebiTTa 

da ukuTqmiTTa brZanebiTTa, igive ars, viTar igi 

mxolobiTTa~ (gv. 166-167). da rom brZanebiTi pirnaklia, aklia I 

piris forma (mxolobiTic da mravlobiTico), amazecaa msJeloba 

da mizezsac iZiebs (`miT romel aravin ars T‚sadmi T‚sisam brZanebel 

da mvedrebel~ _ gv. 163). rogorc vxedavT, brZanebiTi antonisaTvis 

mxolod funqciuri erTeulia; formobrivad sxva 

sauGlebeli erTeulebia gamoKenebuli. dakvirveba faseulia. aseve, 

fa fase fa fase 

seulad se lad mi migvaC mi migvaC 

gvaCnia nia Txov TxovniT Txov TxovniT 

niT-brZa niT brZa brZane 

nebi 

biTis bi Tis fun funqci fun 

qci qciis qci is da dalan da 

lan- 

dvac dvac (`nabrZanni anu navedrni~). 

isic unda aGiniSnos albaT, rom brZanebiTis calke 

sauGlebel erTeulad gamoKofa sxva enaTa gramatikebis gavlenis 

garkveuli Sedegi unda iKos. 

1111....6666. . . . mesame mesame mesame mesame se seri se seri 

riis riis 


mebi mebi 

bi bi 

mesame seriis formaTagan antonis paradigmebSi mxolod I 

da II TurmeobiTis formebia warmodgenili. III kavSirebiTi, rogorc 

iTqva, antons SeumCneveli darCa. 

I T u r m e o b i T i (namKo usrulesi). am sauGlebeli erTeulis 

formaTa analizi kidev erTxel dagvarwmunebs antonis 

Grma mecnieruli dakvirvebisa da msJelobis unarSi. namKo usrulesis 

(e. i. I TurmeobiTis) warmoebisas antoni ganarCevs moqme-


debiTi da vnebiTi gvaris zmnebs (vnebiTTagan mxolod erTpirianebs 

ganixilavs, orpirianebze msJeloba ara aqvs). 

moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebSi samgvar warmoebas gamoKofs: 1. 

miTq…ams miTq…ams, miTq…ams , Se Semik Se 

mik mikravs mik ravs tipisa (Tumca niSnad -s-s gamoKofs), 2. mi- 

mi 

we weri we weri 

ries ri es tipisa (mawarmoebeli ies ies) ies da 3. war warmiKva war 

miKva miKvania 

nia, nia , war warmiGia war 

miGia 

tipisa (mawarmoebeli -ia ia ia). ia aqve avtori SeniSnavs, rom `ganaGa, 

romelnica zmnani, meorisa niSansa miiGeben _ mesameca da romelnica 

mesamesa _ meoresaca~ (iqve, gv. 192). amgvarad, ies ies da ia ia tipis 

daboloebebs paralelur variantebad miiCnevs, romlebic Kvela 

SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Seenacvlos erTmaneTs. magram KuradGebas 

mivaqcevT im faqts, rom I nawilSi, uGlebis paradigmebSi, mxolod 

ies ies daboloebas warmoadgens. faqtia, antoni grZnobs, rom 

amgvari daboloeba ufro arqaulia da sxvagvarad arc iKo mosalodneli, 

avtoris enobriv pozicias Tu gaviTvaliswinebT. es 

tendencia (ies es daboloebis ZiriTadad miCneva) imdenad Zlieria 

antonTan, rom erTgan av TemisniSnian zmnasac ies ies daboloebiT 

warmogvidgens: Se Semikr‚es Se 

mikr‚es mikr‚es, mikr‚es , Se Segikr‚es Se 

r‚es r‚es, r‚es , Se Seukr‚es Se 

ukr‚es (iqve, gv. 25). es 

formebi `sawadisisa sqesisa namKo srulisa da usrulesis~ paradigmaSia 

warmodgenili. es dro Cveulebriv sazGvrebiTi sqesis 

namKo usrulesisagan mxolod `vaSaTu~ SorisdebuliT gansxvav- 

deba: mig… mig…Àmi mig… mi mies 

es da va vaSa va vaSa 

SaTu Sa Tu mig… mig…Àmi mig… 

mi mies mies 

es, 

, mi mism mi mism 

smevi sm vi vies vi es da va vaSa va vaSa 

SaTu Tu mi- 

sme smevi sme 

vi vies 

es da misT. Se Sekravs Se 

kravs zmnis SemTxvevaSi TxrobiT kiloSi 

swori formebia warmodgenili (Semikravs, Segikravs, Seukravs...), 

kavSirebiTSi ies ies daboloebiani. II nawilSi aGmix…ams aGmix…ams zmnis sqema- 

Si paralelurad orive, ies ies da ia ia, ia daboloebaa warmodgenili: 

aG aG-mi aG mi mi-gi mi gi gi-…À-x…mi 

gi x…mi x…mies 

es, es , ia ia, ia ia, 

, ia ia, ia , iaT iaT, iaT 

, iaT (iqve, gv. 133). 

amrigad, rogorc e. babunaSvili SeniSnavs, èrTi da imave 

uGvlilebis zmnas zogJer SeiZleba sami mawarmoebeli daerTos~ 

(e. babunaSvili, 1970, gv. 168). amaTgan ies ies daboloebiani formebi 

arabunebrivia. Secdomis wKaro, rogorc Cans, sasaubro enaSi 

gavrcelebuli ia ia daboloebiani formebia. im wesis saKovelTaod 

gatarebam (`romelnica zmnani, meorisa niSansa miiGeben _ mesamesaca 

da romelnica mesamesa _ meoresaca~) ukarnaxa antons Se Seuk Se 

uk- uk 

rvia rvia, rvia rvia , aGuxu aGuxumia aGuxu mia formaTa safuZvelze Se Seukr‚es Se 

ukr‚es ukr‚es, ukr‚es , aGuxu aGuxumi aGuxu 

mi mies mi es formebis 

gakeTeba. 

Zalze sainteresoa erTpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa I TurmeobiTis 

analizi. moviKvanT citatas: `vnebiTTa zmnaTa niSanni 

61

62 


usrulessa namKosa drosa Sina aris zmna arsebiTi, awmKosa 

drosa Sina , samTave mimarT pirTa, viTarmed pirvelad zmna icvalebis 

mimGeobad, namKod vnebiTad, da mermeGa daedebis T‚Teulisa 

pirisa mimarTni zmnani arsebiTni, awmKosa drosa Sinani, 

magaliTebr: Se Sekrul Se 

krul krul-var krul var var, var , SeK…are SeK…arebul 

SeK…are 

bul bul-xar bul xar xar, xar , mowKlul mowKlul-ars 

mowKlul 

ars ars anu 

Se Sekrul Se 

krul krul-ari krul ari arian ari an da sx…ani~ (gv. 192). rogorc vxedavT, I Turmeobi- 

Tis formaTa analizi erTpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTaTvis sworia: 

warsuli drois vnebiTi gvaris mimGeoba + meSveli zmna 

awmKos formiT. 

specialur literaturaSi SeniSnulia isic, rom antoni 

moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa inversiulobazec mianiSnebs, gaxazavs 

im faqts, rom subieqtis nacvlad obieqturi piris niSnebi iCens 

Tavs: `mapirovneni namKosa usrulsa drosa Sina arian, pirvelisa 

pirisa mimarT -m, meorisa mimarT _ g da mesamisa mimarT _ u, 

niadag da maradis~ (gv. 192). 

II T u r m e o b i T i (sazGvrebiTisa sqesisa namKo uusrulesi). 

am sauGlebeli erTeulis SemTxvevaSi antonTan raime arsebiTi 

xasiaTis Tavisebureba ar gvxvdeba. formawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT 

paradigma sworadaa agebuli; magaliTisaTvis: 

Se Semek Se 

mek mekra 

ra, ra 

Seg… Seg…Àkra Seg… Seg… ra ra, ra 

Se Segek Se 

gek gekra 

ra, ra 

Se Segek Se 

gek gekraT 

raT, raT 

Se Seek Se 

ek ekra ekra 

ra 

Se Seek Se 

ek ekraT ek raT (gv. 25). 

Tumca, roca imave zmnis obieqturi wKobis paradigmas (pirnakl 

paradigmas _ avtoris azriT) warmogvidgens, mesame piris 

mravlobiTobas T sufiqsis nacvlad -Ke Ke nawilakiT gamoxatavs: 

Se Seekar Se 

kar kar-Ke kar Ke (gv. 35). amgvarive formas imeorebs sawadisi sqesi namKo 

uusrulesSi: va vaSa va vaSa 

SaTu SaTu 

Tu Se Seme Se 

me mekar mekar 

kar-Ke kar Ke Ke. Ke saerTod, antoni awmKoSi mesame 

piris mravlobiTobis gamoxatvaze roca msJelobs, Ke nawilaks 

morfologiurad -an an an da -en en en sufiqsTa tolfasad miiCnevs, mag.: 

hswe hsweren hswe hsweren 

ren, ren , ganhKidi ganhKidian 

ganhKidi 

an an da uKvars uKvars-Ke uKvars Ke (iqve, gv. 171). rogorc vxedavT, 

awmKoSi Ke mxolod obieqturi wKobis zmnasTanaa damowmebuli. 

paradigmebSi mxolod zemoaGniSnul SemTxvevaSi iCina Tavi 

(Seekras-Ke). faqti erTia, avtori aSkarad grZnobs, rom Ke Ke-s Ke 

funqcia micemiTSi dasmuli subieqtis (an realuri subieqtisa) 

mravlobiTis gamoxatvaa. erTicaa, Ke nawilaki paradigmebSi de-


fisiTaa gamoKofili, msgavsad meSveli zmnisa. piris niSnebs Cveulebriv 

ar gamoKofs antoni formaSi. es albaT imaze migvaniSnebs, 

rom avtori grZnobs Ke Ke-s Ke 

nawilakur warmomavlobas. isicaa 

Girssacnobi, rom am SemTxvevaSic sasaubro enis gavlena aSkaraa 

gramatikuli analizisas. 

rogorc davinaxeT, antoni ZiriTadad Zveli qarTulis masalis 

analizs axdens da formobrivi TvalsazrisiT Zveli qarTulis 

TiTqmis Kvela sauGlebeli erTeulia gamoKofili; magram aSkaraa 

axali qarTulis enobrivi sinamdvilis gavlena avtorze. es, upirveles 

Kovlisa, formaTa funqciur-semantikur analizSi igrZnoba. 

aqve gvinda gavixsenoT, rom Cvens msJelobaSi terminebi `Zveli 

qarTuli~ da àxali qarTuli~, ase vTqvaT, samuSao terminebia. 

Cven am SemTxvevaSi mivaniSnebT, erTi mxriv, Zveli qarTulis 

periodisaTvis da, meore mxriv _ axali qarTulis periodisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebel formebs. antonisaTvis ki ar arsebobs cneba Zveli 

da axali qarTulisa. misTvis qarTuli erTia, erTiani enaa, 

romelSic zog SemTxvevaSi xdeba ama Tu im gramatikuli kategoriis 

nairgvari gamoxatva, gvaqvs paralelizmi warmoebaSi (Cveni 

TvalsazrisiT Zveli da axali faqtebis dapirispireba). Zveli 

faqtebi misTvis ufro wignuria, literaturuli da amitomac 

aZlevs mas avtori xSir SemTxvevaSi upiratesobas. 

1111....7777. . . . uGlebis uGle uGle uGlebis 

bis bis tippppeeeebi ti ti ti bi bi bi 

antonis gramatikaSi Kvelaze rTuli da sadavo uGlebis 

tipebad daKofaa. sul antons gamoKofili aqvs uGlebis 8 saxe 

da 59 saxeoba (pirvel uGlebaSi _ 7, II-Si _ 15, III-Si _ 7, IV-Si 

_ 10, V-Si _ 8, VI-Si _ 4, VII-Si _ 1, VIII-Si _ 7). uGlebis saxe- 

Ta gamoKofis safuZvlad TxrobiTi kilos awmKos daboloebaa mi- 

Cneuli: ufro sworad, bolo marcvlis xmovani (a, e, À, i, u, o, 

‚, ˆ). es faqti mxiTaris somxuri gramatikis gavleniT ixsneba: 

`zmnebis uGvlilebad daKofa antonma ver SeZlo, radganac saklasifikacio 

niSnad zmnis ukanaskneli marcvali aiGo. Secdomis 

wKaro aq udavod somxuria, sadac imdeni uGvlileba gvaqvs, ramdeni 

xmovanic aris awmKos pirveli piris bolo marcvalSi~ (e. 

babunaSvili, 1970, gv. 150). 

63

64 


am faqts arn. Ciqobava ase afasebs: ès aris pirveli cda 

qarTuli zmnis mravalferovnebaSi garkvevisa (amdenad ucnaurobanic 

moulodneli ar aris). antonim garkveuli niSani aiGo saorientaciod 

da misi gatareba scada. cxadia, amgvari daJgufebis 

cdaSi sxva enebis (somxuris, laTinuris...) nimuSTa gaTvaliswinebas 

metad didi adgili eTmoboda... morfologiuri erTeulebi 

(uGvlileba, uGvlilebis saxe) fonetikuri niSnis mixedviT 

gamoiKofoda... mainc cda sainteresoa~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1965, gv. 92). 

Tu uGlebis saxeTa gamoKofas antoni cdilobs garkveuli 

formobrivi niSnis mixedviT, miuTiTeben, rom `Znelia imis dadgena, 

Tu ra princips emKareba uGlebaSi xatebis (e. i. saxeobebis 

_ g. g.) gamoKofa~ (a. focxiSvili, 1979, gv. 112). 

amgvarad, uGlebis saxeebis gamoKofa awmKos fuZis struqturis, 

ufro sworad, bolo marcvlis xmovnis mixedviT xdeba... 

magram antoni imasac amCnevs, rom es niSani araa sakmarisi da arsebiTi 

klasifikaciisaTvis. sxvagvarad, erTsa da imave uGlebaSi 

gamoKofili xmovniTi elementi rom sxvadasxvaa da erTi da imave 

uGlebis zmnebi (am niSnis mixedviT gamoKofili) rom gansxvavebul 

viTarebas gviCvenebs forma- Tu sitKvawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT, 

iZulebuls xdis avtors, gamoKos qvesaxeobebi (xatebi). 

ama Tu im uGlebaSi Semaval zmnaTa saxeobebad daKofas antoni 

axdens zmnur forma- Tu sitKvawarmoebiT SesaZleblobaTa 

mixedviT: a) saklasifikacio ZiriTadi niSani wKvetilisa da meore 

kavSirebiTis warmoebaa. kerZod, rogoria Sesabamisoba wKvetilisa 

da II kavSirebiTis warmoebaTa Soris; b) garda amisa, damatebiT 

saklasifikacio niSnad Semoaqvs SesaZlebloba kauzatiur 

da ormagkauzatiur formaTa warmoebisa; g) zmnis `pirnakloba~. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : antonis mier pirnakli zmnebis gamoKofa kidev er- 

Txel mianiSnebs avtoris lingvisturi azrovnebis 

doneze, qarTuli zmnis bunebis Grma wvdomaze. 

davimowmebT kvlav arn. Ciqobavas: `sagulisxmoa 

antonis azri `pir-nakl~ zmnaTa Sesaxeb; nimuSad 

antoni asaxelebs: Se Segkrav Se 

gkrav gkrav, gkrav , Se Segkravs Se 

gkravs gkravs, gkravs , Se Semkrav Se 

mkrav mkrav, mkrav , Se- 

mkravs mkravs ($ 32)..., e. i. obieqtis meore da pirveli 

piris aGmniSvnel formebs. maTi msgavsi formebi 

arc erTi enis zmnas ara hqonda, antoni rom amo-


savlad miiCnevda. imave dros qarTul zmnaSi ase- 

Ti formebi TvalSi sacemi iKo, antonsac es 

KuradGebis gareSe ar darCenia. aq antoni damoukidebeli 

msJelobis unars iCens~ (arn. Ciqobava, 

1965, gv. 92). antoni pirnaklobaSi `gulisxmobs 

subieqtis meore piris SeuTavseblobas obieqtis 

meore pirTan... subieqtis pirveli pirisa da obieqtis 

pirveli piris SeuTavseblobas zmnis formaSi~ 

(e. babunaSvili, 1970, gv. 124). 

Kvela saxeoba am niSnebis mixedviT xasiaTdeba, mag.: `gan gan gan- 

vhswmed vhswmed. vhswmed vhswmed ese srulsa Sina ganikidurebs ee. 

e ese ar iqmnebis sxmiTgardasl‚Tad, 

aramed mrCobl-sxmiT-gardasl‚Tad, da arcaGa 

mimoixrebis pirnaklisa: mesamesa, meoTxesa da mexuTesa xatsa 

q…ÀSe, vidremdis ara iqces mrCobl-sxmiT-gardasl‚Tad~ (antoni, 

185, gv. 47). 

amdenad, antoni erT saxeobaSi aerTianebs zmnebs, romlebic 

erTnairad awarmoeben wKvetilsa da meore kavSirebiTs, moepovebaT 

(an ar moepovebaT) kauzatiuri da ormagkauzatiuri formebi, 

iuGlebian (an ar iuGlebian) `pir-naklad~. Tu erT-erTi am 

pirobaTagani sxvaobs, antoni maT sxvadasxva saxeobad miiCnevs. ra 

Tqma unda, amgvari daJgufebisas aGreva da uzustobac xSiria. 

magram arsebiTad migvaCnia is, rom sitKva- Tu formawarmoebis 

TvalsazrisiT qarTuli zmnebi Zlier gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, 

cdilobs gamiJnos da daaJgufos isini am SesaZleblobaTa 

mixedviT. 

1111....8888. . . . pa para pa para 

radig radigma 

dig digma 

ma ma sauGlebe sauGle sauGle sauGlebe 

beli beli 

li li erTe er er erTe 

Teuuuuli Te li lisa lisa 

sa sa 

sauGlebeli erTeuli (`dro~) antonisaTvis formobrivi 

monacemia. sauGlebeli erTeulis fuZe, garda oriode gamonaklisisa, 

erTi paradigmis farglebSi saerToa. sauGlebeli erTeulis 

wevrebi sxvaoben mxolod pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT. er- 

TaderTi gamonaklisi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, `brZanebiTi sqesis 

awmKo ~ aris. formobrivi principi erT sauGlebel erTeulSi 

formaTa gaerTianebisa mxolod am SemTxvevaSi irGveva; funqciuri 

principiTaa aq zmnuri formebi gaerTianebuli. rogorc 

65

66 


aGvniSneT, antoni amas grZnobs da mianiSnebs kidec. 

formobrivi principis gatareba rom arsebiTia antonisa- 

Tvis, es iqidanac Cans, rom, misi azriT, erTi da imave funqciis 

mqone formebi uwKvetlisa, uwKvetlis xolmeobiTisa, I brZanebi- 

Tisa da II xolmeobiTis erTi sauGlebeli erTeulis paradigmaSi 

araa warmodgenili, aGreuli. gamonakliss uwKvetlisa da 

uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis formebi qmnis; Tumca amasac, rogorc 

vTqviT, eZebneba gamarTleba. 

Tqmuli ar niSnavs imas, rom formis funqcias naklebi 

KuradGeba eqceva antonTan. avtori sagangebod amaxvilebs 

KuradGebas im faqtze, rom esa Tu is forma sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi 

sxvadasxva kilouri da drouli mniSvnelobis gamomxatveli 

SeiZleba iKos. 

dro da kilo antonisaTvis funqciuri kategoriebia. igi am 

kategoriebs asaxelebs zmnis sxva kategoriaTa gverdiT, magram 

pirisa da ricxvis kategoriaTagan gansxvavebiT, ar msJelobs (ar 

miuTiTebs) maT morfologiur gamoxatvaze. 

KuradGebas mivaqcevT im faqts, rom antoni amCnevs, rom er- 

Ti da igive forma sxvadasxva kilouri mniSvnelobis SemTxvevaSi 

sxvadasxva droul mniSvnelobas iZens. mag.: antoni SeniSnavs, rom 

wKvetilis II piris formebs TxrobiTi kilos SemTxvevaSi namKo 

drois gageba aqvs, brZanebiTi kilos SemTxvevaSi _ awmKosi. mag.: 

Sehkar sawadisisa sqesisa namKo sruli 

SehkarT brZanebiTisa sqesisa awmKo 

sxva SemTxvevebi, roca kilouri sxvaoba droul sxvaobas 

iwvevs: 

Sehkras sawadisisa sqesisa mKoobadi 

Sehkran brZanebiTisa sqesisa awmKo 

aseve: 

Sevhkr‚deT brZanebiTisa sqesisa mKoobadi 

Sehkr‚de, Sehkr‚deT 

Sehkr‚des, Sehkr‚den sawadisisa sqesisa awmKo da mKoobadi. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna sawadisi sqesis SemTxvevaSi, rogorc vTqviT, Sorisdebulic 

daerTvis formas.


KuradGebas mivaqcevT imas, rom rig SemTxvevaSi antoni 

drouli TvalsazrisiT formis polifunqciurobazec migvaniSnebs. 

uGlebis sistemaSi va vaSa va vaSa 

SaTu Sa Tu Sehkr‚de tipis formebs ase saxeldebs: 

`sawadisisa sqesisa awmKo da mKobaadi~, anda: va vaSa va vaSa 

SaTu SaTu 

Tu 

gan ganmi gan 

mi miba 

bani 

nies ni es tipis formebs_ `sawadisisa sqesisa namKo sruli da 

uusrulesi~. 

kilo erT-erTi ZiriTadia im kategoriaTagan, romelTa ga- 

TvaliswinebiTac uGlebis sistema aigeba. 

antoni angariSs uwevs imasac, rom erTsa da imave formas 

sxvadasxva kilos gamoxatvis unari Seswevs; amitomaa, rom erTi 

da igive forma ramdenime sauGlebel erTeulad warmogvidgeba; 

mag.: 

ganvhbandi 

ganmibanies 

ganmebana 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

a) sazGvrebiTi sqesis namKo usruli 

b) sawadisi sqesis namKo usruli 

a) sazGvrebiTi sqesis namKo usruli 

b) sawadisi sqesis namKo sruli da usrulesi 

a) sazGvrebiTi sqesis namKo uusrulesi 

b) sawadisis sqesis namKo uusrulesi 

am funqciur sxvaobas rom konteqsti qmnis, esec naTelia 

antonisaTvis. amitomacaa, rom sawadisi sqesisaTvis aucilebel 

elementad Sorisdebulebs `vaSaTu~ da `netarTumca~ miiCnevs 

(iqve, gv. 167). paradigmebSi mxolod `vaSaTu~ Sorisdebulia 

warmodgenili. 

sazGvrebiTi da sawadisi sqesis gverdiT antoni `‚potetika 

sa sqessa~ gamoKofs (`TuobiTi~, pirobiTi kilo). uGlebis paradigmebSi 

‚potetika ar aisaxeba sruliad gasagebi mizezebis 

gamo: `‚potetika sa sqesisa zmnani Kovelni ixrebian Kovelsa Sina 

pirsa, Kovelsa Sina ricx…sa da Kovelsa Sina drosa Semoqmedebi- 

Tadca da vnebiTad. viTar igi ixrebian zmnani sawadisisa sqesisani. 

garna ganirCevian amiT, viTarmed daidebis niadag KovelTa 

zmnaTa zeda sawadsa Sina va vaSaT… va vaSaT… 

SaT…. SaT… xolo ‚potetikasa Sina 

ukeT… ukeT…~ ukeT… (iqve, gv. 25). 

Cveni azriT, drouli da kilouri mniSvnelobebisadmi ase- 

67

68 


Ti damokidebuleba (Sefaseba) sagulisxmoa. sxvagvarad: Cvens interess 

is aGZravs, rom zmnuri formis Sefaseba droisa da kilos 

TvalsazrisiT calsaxad ar SeiZleba. es Cans antonis paradigmebidanac. 

$ $ 2. . antonidan antonidan maramde 

maramde 

2.1. . rogorc vTqviT, miuTiTeben, rom antonis 

Semdegdroindeli gramatikosebi ZiriTadad antonis moZGvrebas 

emKarebian. Cveni Semdgomi msJelobis mizans ar Seadgens sruli 

mimoxilva ama Tu im avtoris gramatikuli naazrevisa, ama Tu im 

gramatikis ganxilva. gvainteresebs: momdevno periodis 

gramatikosebTan dro-kiloTa sistemaSi ra mniSvnelovani siaxle 

gvaqvs, ra mniSvnelovani dakvirvebani, mignebani. 

2222....2222. . . . sauGlebel sauGlebel sauGlebel sauGlebel erTeulTa erTeulTa erTeulTa erTeulTa raodenoba 

raodenoba 

raodenoba 

raodenoba 

zmniswinis funqciaze, awmKosagan awarmoos mKofadi, ukve 

gaioz reqtoris gramatikSi gvaqvs miTiTeba: zmniswinebi ùkeTu 

odesme moekidebian zmnaTa awmKo sa dro saTa, maSin mniS…nelobasa 

missa hKofen mKoobadad; magal. vhswer vhswer ars zmna awmKo , martivi, 

sazG…rebiTisa sqesisa da ukeTu moekidos ra amas zemoxsenebuli 

igi marc…alni, maSin KovliTurT, hsc…lian viTarebasa 

missa dro TurT. magal. da davhswer da 

hswer hswer, hswer romelica arGara hniSnavs 

awmKosa drosa, aramed mKoobadsa~ (gaiozi, 1970, gv. 68). dakvirveba 

sworia da faseuli, magram gaiozTan da davhswer da 

vhswer tipis formebi 

paradigmebSi ar aisaxeba. am saxis mKofadi calke sauGlebel 

erTeulad ar gamoiKo. es antonis gavlena Cans: formaze 

msJelobs, magram dro-kiloTa sistemas antonisas imeorebs. 

zmniswiniani awmKo (mKofadi) calke sauGlebel erTeulad 

pirvelad d. Kifianma warmoadgina uGlebis paradigmebSi _ Cve Cve- Cve 

ne nebi ne 

bi biTi bi Ti da daxris da 

xris dro dro mo moma mo moma 

mava 

vali va li ga gasa ga 

sa saTa saTa 

Tave 

vebe vebe 

beli 

li; li mag.: 

gavakeTeb gavakeTebT 

gaakeTeb gaakeTebT 

gaakeTebs gaakeTeben (d. Kifiani, 1882, gv. 93).


d. Kifanis gramatika imiTac iqcevs KuradGebas, rom III kav- 

SirebiTis formebi calke sauGlebel erTeulad pirvelad aq 

gamoiKo. oGond erTia: zmniswinian da uzmniswino formebs III 

kavSirebiTisas avtori sxvadasxva sauGlebel erTeulad warmoadgens 

natvriT daxraSi: 

dro dro ganvlili ganvlili ganvlili usruli _ 

dro dro ganvlili ganvlili sruli sruli _ 

mekeTebinos 

gekeTebinos 

ekeTebinos 

gamekeTebinos 

gagekeTebinos 

gaekeTebinos (iqve, gv. 100). 

zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa aseTi dapirispireba 

d. KifianisaTvis araa gamonaklisi. amaze qveviT gveqneba saubari. 

saintereso istoria aqvs II xolmeobiTis formebs. rogorc 

iTqva, antoni maT namKo usrulis formobriv variantad gaiazrebs. 

am formebze sagangebod amaxvilebs KuradGebas p. ioseliani: 

àrian romelime zmnani awmdgomsa drosa Sina xmarebulni 

hxSirobiTad dametebiTa bolo sa asoTa i. mag. ufali mhsaJulars, 

ese daamdablis, da ese aGamaGlis da sx. xolo pirovnad: 

davamdabli, avamaGli da sx. 

sxo. ese g…arsa odesca mdabiursa saubarsa Sina daematebis 

marc…ali xolme, maSin niSnavs qmnilsa usrulsa drosa, mag. davamdabli 

xolme, Sevswiri xolme da sx.~ (p. ioseliani, 1849, gv. 72). 

rogorc vxedavT, avtori mianiSnebs mravalgzisobis funqciaze, 

magram unawilakod mas ganixilavs rogorc awmKo drois 

formas, xolo xol xolme xol xolme 

me nawilakiT _ rogorc namKo usrulisas. 

damoukidebel sauGlebel erTeulad miiCnevs II xolmeobiTs 

T. jordania: `qarTul enas aqvs dro dro sa sama sa sama 

mara 

radi 

diso di so anu ga gaxSi ga gaxSi 

xSire 

rebi rebi 

bi- bi 

Ti Ti, Ti ra saTvis daemateba aso ì~, mag. `va-ri~, `xa-ri~ e. i. mudam 

var, xar (da ara mxolod exla), mag. `Ze Cemi xar-i Sen~ (fsal. 

2). namKo dros ki xSirad miemateba: `movid-is, wavid-is, monaxis... 

gamovid-i, gamovsc-i, vismin-i da sxv. (mraval. movidi-an gamovidi-an)~ 

(T. jordania, 1889, gv. 60). miuxedavad imisa, rom avto- 

69

70 


ri gamoKofs dro dro sa sama sa sama 

mara 

radi radi 

disos di sos anu ga gaxSi ga gaxSi 

xSire 

rebiTs 

biTs, biTs uGvlilebis 

srul paradigmaSi mainc ar moaqcevs mas. moKvanili citata SeniSvnis 

saxiT daerTvis uGvlilebis paradigmas. ase rom, II xolmeobiTis 

formebi antonma gamoKo, p. ioselianma da, gansakuTrebiT, 

T. jordaniam mogvces misi zusti morfologiuri da semantikuri 

daxasiaTeba, magram uGvlilebis sistemaSi mainc ver moeqca. 

ramdenadac moulodnelia, II xolmeobiTi, rogorc mwkrivi, 

araa gamoKofili n. maris arc `tabulebSi~ da arc `Zveli qar- 

Tuli saliteraturo enis gramatikaSi~; Tumca zogi zmnis uGlebisas 

n. mari am formaTa aGsaniSnavad xmarobs termins `namKo 

CveulebiTi~. amis Taobaze miuTiTebda arn. Ciqobava Jer kidev 

1926 wels (arn. Ciqobava, 1926, gv. 317). 

II xolmeobiTis formebi rom Zveli qarTulis faqtia, amis 

Taobaze miniSneba gvaqvs p. kvicariZesTan: àm formas axali mwerlebi 

yirsaviT eridebian, TiTqos zogJer umisoba SeiZlebodes. 

garna aqa-iqa axals mwerlebsac uxmariaT, mag. `gadabrundis Cveni 

ciga, kotriela, kotriela!~ r. e.~ (p. kvicariZe, 1888, gv. 125. 

2222....3333. . . . zmniswi zmnis zmnis zmniswi 

wini wini 

ni ni da da da da zmnuri zmnu zmnu zmnuri 

ri ri forma for for forma 

ma ma 

gavixsenoT: antoni paradigmaSi an zmniswinian formas warmoadgens, 

an _ uzmniswinos. antonisagan gansxvavebiT, gaiozis 

gramatikaSi erTi da imave zmnis paradigmaSi gvxvdeba rogorc 

zmniswiniani, aseve uzmniswino formebi. am SemTxvevaSi gaiozis 

principi aseTia: uzmniswinod sazGvrebiTis sqesis (TxrobiTi kilos) 

awmKo da namKo usrulia warmodgenili; sxva sauGlebel 

erTeulSi zmniswiniani formebia damowmebuli. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna es faqti aGniSvnis Girsia, magram ar migvaCnia 

wingadadgmul nabiJad antonTan SedarebiT. 

gaiozis msJelobidan isic Cans, rom avtors zmniswinian da 

uzmniswino formaTa dapirispireba Kvela SemTxvevaSi miaCnia SesaZleblad, 

Tumca calke erTeulad amgvarad dapirispirebuli 

formebi ar gamoiKofa. erTi kia, avtori cdilobs, zmniswinian 

da uzmniswino formaTa dapirispirebiT Seamciros formaTa paralelizmi 

uGvlilebis srul paradigmaSi. amis nimuSad gvesaxe-


ba is faqti, rom `sazGvrebiTisa sqesisa namKo usruli da apoteTika 

sa sqesisa namKo usrulesi~ paradigmebSi garda Sorisdebulisa, 

rig SemTxvevaSi zmniswiniTaa gansxvavebuli. mag.: 

vhswer vhswerdi vhswer di _ va vaSa va 

Sa SaTu Tu anu uke ukeTu uke 

Tu da davhswer da 

vhswer vhswerdi vhswer di (gaiozi, 1970, 

gv. 91). 

unda aGiniSnos isic, rom zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa 

erT paradigmaSi warmodgenis principi gaiozis gramatikaSi 

Tanmimdevrulad araa gatarebuli. 

am TvalsazrisiT metad saintereso viTarebaa d. Kifianis 

gramatikaSi. d. Kifiani, iseve rogorc gaiozi, SesaZleblad 

Tvlis Kvela SemTxvevaSi zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa dapirispirebas. 

da, rac mTavaria, oden zmniswiniT dapirispirebul 

formebs cal-calke sauGlebel erTeulebad warmoadgens: 

1) vakeTeb 

vakeTeb 

gavakeTeb 

gavakeTeb 

2) vakeTebdi 

vakeTebdi 

gavakeTebdi 

gavakeTebdi 

3) vakeTebde 

vakeTebde 

gavakeTebde 

gavakeTebde 

(daxra CvenebiTi, dro axlandeli _ awmKo) da 

(daxra CvenebiTi, dro momavali gasaTavebeli); 

(daxra CvenebiTi, dro gavlili usruli) da 

(daxra CvenebiTi, dro gavlili sruli); 

(daxra pirobiTi, dro axlandeli usruli) da 

(daxra pirobiTi, dro axlandeli sruli). 

rogorc vxedavT, aq iseTive viTarebaa, rogorc a. SaniZiseuli 

sistemis I seriaSi awmKosa da mKofadis wreTa mimarTebis 

sakiTxSi. magram d. Kifiani am princips bolomde gaatarebs da 

cal-calke sauGlebel erTeulebad warmogvidgens II da III seriis 

sauGlebel erTeulTa zmniswinian da uzmniswino formebs. 

4) vakeTe 

vakeTe 

ga gavakeTe ga ga vakeTe 

5) vakeTo 

vakeTo 

ggavakeTo 

g 

vakeTo 

(daxra CvenebiTi, dro gavlili usrulesi) da 

(daxra CvenebiTi, dro gavlili usrulesi sarwmuno); 

(daxra pirobiTi, dro momavali martivi) da 

(daxra pirobiTi, dro momavali sruli). 

71

72 


SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna amgvar formaTa paradigma pirobiT kiloSi gamor- 

Cenili Cans. amas gvafiqrebinebs brZanebiT kiloSi 

sxvadasxva drois formebad warmodgenili akeTos 

akeTos 

(rCeviTi martivi) da gaakeTos gaakeTos (rCeviTi sruli). 

am ukanasknelis analogiiT aGvadgenT `momaval 

sruls~. 

6) mikeT mikeTebia mikeT bia 

ga gamikeTebia 

ga 

mikeTebia 

7) mekeTebina 

mekeTebina 

ga gameke ga gameke 

mekeTebina 

Tebina 

8) mekeTebinos 

mekeTebinos 

mekeTebinos 

gamekeTeb gamekeTebinos 

gamekeTeb nos nos 

(daxra CvenebiTi, dro gavlili berZnuli aoristi) 

da 

(daxra CvenebiTi, dro gavlili aoristi ga- 

Tavebuli); 

(daxra pirobiTi, dro gavlili usruli) da 

(daxra pirobiTi, dro gavlili sruli); 

(daxra natvriTi, dro gavlili usruli) da 

(daxra natvriTi, dro gavlili sruli) 

(d. Kifiani, 1882) 

amdenad, d. Kifiani sul 16 formobriv erTeuls gamoKofs. 

sistema mwKobria, principi bolomdea gatarebuli. magram Zalze 

sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom dro-kiloTa amgvar sistemas avtori 

mxolod SesaZlebel variantad miiCnevs, xelovnurad garTulebulad 

Tvlis (saswavlo miznebisaTvis Seufereblad) da SeniSnavs: 

àucilebelia, unda Semokldes rogorme es uGvlileba~ (iqve, gv. 

104). am SeniSvnas mosdevs saintereso msJeloba: `gana ar SeiZleba, 

erTxel iTqvas da amiT gaTavdes, rom zmnas saxe sruli KovelTvis 

maSin miecema, rodesac Tavs prefiqsad erT-erTi 

mimZGoli Tandebuli miuJdebao?~ (iqve, gv. 104). amdenad, zmniswinian 

da uzmniswino formaTa Sepirispireba avtors zmniswinis 

maaspeqtebel (sruli aspeqtis warmoebis) funqciaze miapKrobinebs 

KuradGebas, rac faqtobriv gamoricxavs zmniswinis formawarmoebiT 

funqcias. 

gamartivebuli uGlebis sistema amgvar saxes iGebs: 

I. daxra CvenebiTi 

1. dro axlandeli _ awmKo _ vakeTeb 

vakeTeb 

2. dro gavlili _ vakeTebde 

vakeTebde


3. dro gavlili usrulesi _ vakeTe 

vakeTe 

4. berZnuli aoristi _ mikeTebia 

mikeTebia 

II. daxra pirobiTi 

5. axlandeli _ mekeTebina 

mekeTebina 

6. gavlili _ vakeTebde 

vakeTebde 

7. momavali _ vakeTo 

vakeTo 

III. daxra natvriTi 

8. gavlili _ mekeTebinos 

mekeTebinos 

amdenad, sul 8 formobrivi erTeuli gamoiKo. uwKvet uwKvetlis 

uwKvet lis 

formas SeniSvna axlavs: àmas rom gaTavebulis (sisrulis) saxe 

mieces, prefiqsad erT-erTi Tandebuli unda miuZGvanoT~ (iqve, 

gv. 106) da Semdgom Kovel sauGlebel erTeulTan mianiSnebs: 

`win Tandebuli daasrulebs~... 

es varianti rom ufro realurad miaCnia avtors, am SeniSvnidanac 

Cans: `da unda vTqvaT, rom mimoxvra gamovida unaklulo~ 

(iqve, gv. 112). 

momaval droze msJelobisas aGniSnavs: `rogorc berZnulSi, 

qarTulSic am zmnis momavalad axlandeli saxe ixmareba: vakeTeb; 

da Tu win Tandebuli mousviT, gamova: gavakeTeb...~ (iqve, gv. 

107). es SeniSvna orgvarad aris sagulisxmo: Jer erTi, avtori 

SeniSnavs, rom awmKos awmKos uz uzmnis uz uzmnis 

mniswi 

wino wi no for formam for 

mam Se SeiZ Se 

iZ iZle 

leba le ba mKofa mKofadi mKofa di 

dro drois dro is ga gage ga 

ge gebac ge bac it itvi it itvi 

virTos vi Tos da, meore, zmnis zmniswi zmnis zmniswi 

wini wi ni mKofa mKofadi mKofa 

di dro drois dro is 

ga gage ga 

ge gebas ge bas mxo mxolod mxo 

lod awmKos awmKos awmKos for formas for mas ani aniyebs ani 

yebs yebs. yebs Kvela sxva SemTxvevaSi 

zmniswins sruli aspeqtis warmoebis funqcia aqvs (`prefiqsad 

win Tandebuli daasrulebs~). cota qveviT (iqve, gv. 123) zmniswinis 

sakiTxs isev ubrundeba da aGniSnavs: zmniswinebi `Kovel- 

Tvis ucvlelad rCebian da zmna ise unda mimoixvrebodes, TiTqos 

Tandebuli sul ara hqoniKos~. 

amdenad, d. Kifianma 16 formobrivi erTeuli zmniswinis 

funqciis ganzogadebiT 8 formobriv erTeulze daiKvana. marTalia, 

aGreva aqac gvaqvs: damatebiT kauzatiursa da brZanebiTis 

Sinaarsis mqone formebs gamoKofs calke sauGlebel erTeulad, 

magram amas SeiZleba principuli mniSvneloba ar mivaniyoT. mTavaria, 

rom d. Kifianma SeZlo axali qarTulis Kvela mwkrivis 

73

74 


formaTa warmodgena uGlebis sistemaSi da mkacrad gaatara 

formobrivi principi. am faqts qveviT kvlav gavixsenebT. 


bis bis tipe ti ti tipe 

pebi pebi 

bi bi 

is, rac antonis naazrevidan Semdegdroindel gramatikebSi 

ar aisaxa da raSic principulad daupirispirda antons, upirveles 

Kovlisa, gaiozi, uGlebis tipebis gamoKofaa. 

gaiozi qarTuli zmnis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT 

gvTavazobs originalur princips uGlebis tipebad daKofisa- 

Tvis. gaiozis `qarTul gramatikaSi~ uGlebis 6 saxea gamoKofi- 

li: `kanonierni uk…À uGl‚lebani zmnaTani arian eq…s, romelnica 

pirvelTa, meoreTa da mesameTa pirTa Sina sazG…rebiTisa 

hsqesisa awmKo sa dro saTa kanonierad mimoƒrilni ganirCevian; 

magal.: 

1. vaqeb, aqeb, aqebs; vaqebT, aqebT, aqeben. 

2. mhG‚Zavs, ghG‚Zavs, hG‚Zavs; g…G‚Zavs, ghG‚ZavsT, hG‚ZavsT. 

3. ves…ri, es…ri, es…ris; ves…riT, es…riT, es…rian. 

4. viqm, iqm, iqms; viqmT, iqmT, iqman. 

5. vubnob, ubnob, ubnobs; vubnobT, ubnobT, ubnoben. 

6. vhswer, hswer, hswers; vhswerT, hswerT, hsweren~ (gaiozi, 

1970, gv. 71). 

rogorc warmodgenili sqemidan da misi komentarebidan (iqve, 

gv. 71-72) Cans, uGlebis saxeTa gamoKofis safuZveli piris 

niSnebisa da zmnis xmovanprefiqsTa kombinaciebia. 

zogadi suraTi aseTia: I, III, IV, V da VI uGlebaSi subieqturi 

uGlebis zmnebia gaerTianebuli (sxvagvarad: zmnebi, romel- 

Tac aqvT subieqturi uGleba). II uGlebas miakuTvnebs im zmnebs, 

romelTac ar gaaCniaT subieqturi uGleba (mGviZavs, maqvs...). 

ramdenadac I, III-VI tipis uGlebis zmnebisaTvis saerTo niSania 

vinis rigis piris niSanTa mqonebloba, damatebiT niSnad xmovanprefiqsebia 

moSveliebuli. sqemis saxiT rom warmovidginoT, ase- 

Ti viTareba iqneba: 

I. 

v-a _ 

a _ 

a _ s 

v-a _ T 

a _ T 

a _ n


III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

v-e _ 

e _ 

e _ s 

v-i _ 

i _ 

i _ s 

v-u _ 

u _ 

u _ s 

v-h _ 

h _ 

h _ s 

v-e _ T 

e _ T 

e _ n 

v-i _ T 

i _ T 

i _ n 

v-u _ T 

u _ T 

u _ n 

v-h _ T 

h _ T 

h _ n 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna Cven mier Sedgenili sqema arsebiTad gansxvavdeba 

specialur literaturaSi warmodgenili sqemisagan 

(Sdr.: al. focxiSvili, 1979, gv. 168-170). avtoris 

azriT, xmovanprefiqss gaiozi piris niSan- 

Ta tolfas odenobad gaiazrebs. gaiozi msJelobs: 

`pir…Àlisa uk…À uGl‚lebis SemoqmedebiTTa zmna- 

Ta sazG…rebiTisa hsqesisa awmKo sa mxoloobiTsa 

drosa Sina aqun mapirovneblad pir…Àlisa pirisa 

damwKebeli leqsisa aso v da meorisa pirisa _ 

Se Semdgo Se 

mdgo mdgomi mdgo mi mi misi mi si a da mesamisa pirisa _ ukanaskneli 

aso s...~ (xazi Cvenia _ g. g.) (gaiozi, 1970, gv. 71) 

`Semdgomi misi aa~ 

a gulisxmobs v-s momdevno a-s. ase 

rom, xmovanprefiqsis arsebobaze I piris formaSic 

mianiSnebs; ivaraudeba III pirSic: aq gaiozi mxolod 

I da II piris formaTagan ganmasxvavebel elementze 

(-s-ze) mianiSnebs. es rom asea, amas uGlebis 

paradigmebic adasturebs: 

vaqeb vaqebT 

aqeb aqebT 

aqebs aqeben 

75

76 


Znelia vifiqroT, rom am paradgmis Semdgeni a-s 

mqoneblobas mxolod II piris formaSi varaudobs. 

aseve unda iTqvas uGlebis sxva saxeebzec... 

gaiozis mier SemoTavazebuli klasifikacia mxolod moqmedebiTi 

gvaris zmnebs Seexeba. mianiSnebs, rom Sesabamisi vnebiTebi 

erTgvarad iuGvlis (iqve, gv. 71-72). 

marTalia, uGlebis tipebad daKofis es principi dGevandeli 

poziciebidan gaumarTlebeli Cans (qcevis formaTa sxvaoba 

ar qmnis sxvaobas uGlebaSi), magram Cven gaiozis udavo 

damsaxurebad migvaCnia qarTuli zmnis bunebidan amosvliT uGlebis 

tipebad daKofis gzebis Zieba. vinisa da manis rigebis 

gaTvaliswineba da xmovanprefiqsTa moSvelieba Cven am gzebis 

Ziebad gvesaxeba. 

Tumca isic unda aGiniSnos, rom gaiozi ver axerxebs 

Tavisi principis bolomde gatarebas: obieqturi uGlebis 

zmnebSi xmovanprefiqsebs aGar iTvaliswinebs... 

am xarvezs gaiozis Semdegdroindeli gramatikosebi asworeben. 

kerZod, i. qarTveliSvili ukve ori saxis uGlebas gamoKofs; 

ZiriTadi principi gaiozisa rCeba _ vinisa da manis rigis gaTvaliswineba, 

oGond i. qarTveliSvili vinis rigis SemTxvevaSi 

KuradGebas aGar aqcevs xmovanprefiqsebs; ufro sworad, aerTianebs 

gaiozis 1, 3-6 uGlebas; msJeloba avtorisa gaiozis 

msJelobas emKareba: ùGl‚lebani zmnisani arian orni: zmnani 

zmnani 

p½lisa lisa uGl‚lebisani uGl‚lebisani arian igini, r½lnica awmKosa S½a drosa 

pir…Àlsa S½a pirsa SemdgomiTa misiTa aso Ta, ese igi, anu a, 

anu e, anu i, , anu u, , , anu h; da mesamesa S½a pirsa aso Ta awmKosa 

S½a drosa, mxoloobiTsa S½a ricx…sa p½lsa S½a pirsa gapirovndebian 

aso Ta amiT m; meoresa S½a pirsa aso Ta g; x½ mesamesa 

S½a pirsa anu h, anu u da anu meorisa pirisa mapirovnebelisa g 

SemdgomiTa aso Ta~ (i. qarTveliSvili, 1809, gv. 44). magaliTebic 

gaiozisa meordeba. 

amdenad, gaiozis mier SemoTavazebuli principi ixveweba. 6 

saxeobidan 2 miviGeT. amgvari klasifikacia zmnebisa misaGebia 

Semdegdroindeli avtorebisTvisac, vidre k. dodaSvili ar 

itKvis, rom ùGvlileba qarTulSi erTia~ (k. dodaSvili, 1887).


faqtobriv, uarKofili iqna gaiozis principi uGlebis tipebad 

daKofisa (vimeorebT, qarTveliSvilis Tvalsazrisi gaiozis 

Tvalsazrisis daxvewis cdaa). 

2222....5555. . . . zmnur zmnur zmnur zmnur formaTa formaTa formaTa formaTa warmoebis warmoebis warmoebis warmoebis sakiTxebi sakiTx sakiTx sakiTxebi 

ebi ebi 

praqtikul gramatikebSi gvxvdeba araerTi saintereso dakvirveba, 

migneba; zog maTgans mecnieruli Girebuleba dGesac ar 

daukargavs. Kovel SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli enobrivi sinamdvilis 

gramatikuli analizis istoriis TvalsazrisiT uciloblad 

imsaxurebs KuradGebas. 

uwKvetlis warmoebaSi od sufiqsi (d-s paralelurad) Jer 

kidev antonma gamoKo. magram od rom umTavresad vnebiTi gvaris 

zmnebTan gvaqvs da, saerTod, iseT SemTxvevebSi, roca awmKos 

forma i elementiT iwarmoeba, amis Taobaze saintereso msJelobas 

gvTavazobs T. jordania (T. jordania, 1889, gv. 61-62). sagulisxmoa 

amave avtoris mier awmKoSi statikur zmnaTa gamoKofa 

da maTi warmoebis Taviseburebebze KuradGebis gamaxvileba: 

`s a x e m K o f o b i T i a w m K o s d r o i s a iwarmoeba 

saxel-zmnaTagan, romelTaca moekvecebaT à~ da miemateba xmovani 

ì~ da arsebiTi zmnaca, mag., rev-a _ v-revi-var (xar, a); fen-a _ 

v-fen-i-var (xar), wer-a _ v-wer-i-var da sxv. im saxelzmnebs, 

romelnic dabolovdebian èba~, òma~, òla~, `ma~ da `va~ 

(winauxmoTi) miemateba ì~ ZirSi. mag. gd-eba _ vgd-i-var, rg-eba 

_ va-rg-i-var; bm-a _ va-b-i-var da sx. namKo usruls droSi 

miiGebs òdi~ (iSviaTad `di~-s) (iqve, 62). aseTi dawvrilebiTi 

analizi statikur zmnaTa formawarmoebis Sesaxeb sxvagan ar 

gvxvdeba. 

sagulisxmo dakvirvebad migvaCnia gaiozTan is faqti, rom 

namKo srulis e mawarmoebeli mxolod I da II piris formebTan 

gvaqvs (gaiozi, 1970, gv. 72). 

III seriis formaTa inversiul bunebaze antonic mianiSnebda, 

magram gaiozi azustebs mas da wesis saxes aZlevs: `Koveli zmna 

SemoqmedebiTi namKosa usrulessa da uusrulessa drosa Sina 

77

78 


mapirovneblad miiGeben meorisa uGl‚lebisa mapirovnebelTa 

niSanTa~ (iqve, gv. 73). meore uGl‚lebad avtorTan, rogorc 

iTqva, obieqturi wKobis zmnebia gamoKofili. 

I TurmeobiTis warmoebaSi ies ies º ia ia paralelizmi antonma 

SeniSna; paradigmebSi ies ies daboloebiani formebi Seitana. gaiozis 

paradigmebi am mxriv antonisas mihKveba. i. qarTveliSvili pa- 

radigmebSi paralelurad warmoadgens ies ies º ia ia daboloebas: 

`namKo usrulesi: mididebies-ia g‚didebies-ia 

gididebies-ia gididebiesT -iaT 

udidebies-ia udidebiesT-iaT~ 

(i. qarTveliSvili, 1809, gv. 46). 

aseve meordeba p. ioseliansa da s. dodaSvilTan. mxolod 

d. Kifiani dainaxavs am ori tipis warmoebas Soris sxvaobas. ies 

ies 

daboloebian formebs `samwignobaros~ uwodebs, xolo ia ia-ze ia daboloebul 

formebs _ sasaubros. `samwignobro~ da `sasaubro~ 

d. KifianTan dGevandeli TvalsazrisiT `Zveli qarTulisa~ da 

àxali qarTulis~ gagebas emTxveva (Sdr.: sasaubro _ aris, ari; 

gavakeTebdi... sawignobaro _ ars, ganvakeTebdi...) `samwignobro~ 

da `sasaubro~ formaTa paradigmebs d. Kifiani Kvela sauGlebel 

erTeulSi paralelurad warmoadgens. es faqti imiTacaa 

Girssacnobi, rom d. Kifianma, qarTvel gramatikosTagan pirvelma, 

cada uGvlilebaSi Zveli da axali qarTulis faqtebis sistemuri 

gamiJvna da Sedareba. 

ies ies daboloebiani formebi Zveli qarTulis faqtad iqna 

kvalificirebuli p. kvicariZesTan: `namKo odes usruls da 

sruls dros Zvels qarTul enaSi nacvlad nabolarisa ia ia uzis 

zogan ies ies. ies mag. `Sevikribi, sada ara ganmibnevies~ sax. maT. T. 25 

m. 241; `raodeni ese giswavies Cemgan~ samoc: da sx. marama es 

forma samarTlianaT uar uKvia axals qarTul enas~ (p. kvicari- 

Ze, 1888, gv. 117-118). avtori axali qarTulisaTvis kanonikurad 

mxolod ia ia daboloebas miiCnevs. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna es faqti imiTacaa sagulisxmo, rom p. kvicariZe 

pirvelia praqtikul gramatikaTa avtorTagan, 

vinc svams sakiTxs Zveli da axali qarTuli enis 

gansxvavebis Taobaze.


I TurmeobiTis Sesaxeb praqtikul gramatikebSi msJeloba 

amiT ar mTavrdeba. a. quTaTelaZe moiTxovs, saerTod iqnes 

amoGebuli dro-kiloTa sistemebidan es forma: `sazGvrebiT daxras 

akldeba, dGemde umarTebulod xmarebuli, namKo usrulesi. 

zmna am formaSi aris perifraza da Semdgaria mimGeobisagan da 

arsebiT zmnaTagan, mag. vu-weri-var, u-weri-xar, u-weri-a (ars, 

aris), mi-wer-xar, mi-weri-a (ars, aris) da sxv. aqedan cxadad Cans 

_ viTomda n. usrulesis sami piri: mi-weri-a, gi-weri-a, u-weri-a, 

romelic aris mesame piri. amaTi qvemdebare iqneba ìs~, e. i. rac 

dawerila, anu daiwereba Cemgan, Sengan, misgan da sx. _ `me, Sen, 

mas, imas~ ki damateba iqneba. es forma wineT Cvenc gvqonda SecdomiT 

Setanili Cvens gramatikaSi~ (a. quTaTelaZe, 1897, gv. 4). 

msJelobidan gamomdinare, avtoris KuradGeba or faqts miuqcevia: 

1) formaTa aGweriT warmoebasa da 2) formaTa cvlas 

gramatikuli obieqtis pirTa mixedviT. am TvalsazrisiT I TurmeobiTis 

formebi aSkarad sxvaobs droTa formebisagan. es ki 

safuZvels aZlevs avtors, uGlebis sruli paradigmidan amoiGos 

sauGlebeli erTeuli. msJeloba TavisTavad sainteresoa; dasmuli 

sakiTxebi _ sagulisxmo. 

ar. quTaTelaZe aseve moiTxovs dro-kiloTa sistemidan II 

TurmeobiTis amoGebas: `saTuo daxraSi uarvKaviT Kvela namKo, 

radgan isini SecdomiT iKvnen Separulni, da arian ki vnebiTi 

zmnis formebi, _ mag. miGebuli iKo saTuo daxraSi namKo usrulad 

`me-wer-a~ da n. srulad _ `da-me-wer-a~. magram es simar- 

Tles moklebulia: `me-wer-a~ aris zmnis vnebiTi saxe da warmodgeba 

am gvarad misi awmKo: vi-wer-ebi, ve-wer-ebi, me-wer-ebi, gewer-ebi 

da sx. aqedan... gagrZelebuli: vi-wer-e, i-wer-e, i-wer-a 

da sx. ve-wer-e, e-wer-e, e-wer-a da sx. me-wer-e, me-wer-a, ge-wer-e, 

ge-wer-a, e. i. Cvengan cnobili `me-wer-a, ge-wer-a, e-wer-a~ (a. qu- 

TaTelaZe, 1897, nv. 5). es SeniSvna friad sagulisxmoa: avtori 

KuradGebas miaqcevs im faqts, rom es prefiqsiani vnebiTis wKvetili 

da gardamaval zmnaTa II TurmeobiTi formobrivad identuria. 

formobriv paralelizms ki gamoricxavs sistemidan. ar. qu- 

TaTelaZis Tvalsazriss mxardayera ar hqonia. upirveles Kovlisa, 

imitom, rom amgvarad KuradGeba formobrivi monacemebisadmi 

sxvas ar gaumaxvilebia. 

79

80 


SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna a. quTaTelaZesTan formobriv monacemebs rom arsebiTi 

KuradGeba eqceva, am SeniSvnidanac Cans: 

ùGvlilebis dros didi KuradGeba unda mieqces 

prefiqsebs, sufiqsebs da infiqsebs...~ (a. quTaTelaZe, 

1897, gv. 13). Tumca es sakiTxi rom arcTu 

martivad esaxeba avtors, aqedanac Cans: `dGemdis 

mainc ver vigdeT xelSi is klite, romelic aGebs 

Kvela zmnebis kars, rom, Sig ra aris, gavigoT; mainc 

ver gavxseniT dGemdis is saidumloebis naskvi, 

romelsac hqvia uGvlileba. e. i. ver mivageniT im 

kanons, romlis ZaliTac SegvZleboda Koveli 

zmnis Cagdeba kalapotSi, uGvlilebis dros, da 

ise, _ rom erTmaneTSi ar agvreoda~ (ar. quTaTelaZe, 

1897, gv. 12). faqtobriv, es msJeloba Sefasebaa 

gakeTebulis da programac gasakeTeblis, 

Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom am cdas mniSvnelovani 

Sedegi ar mohKolia... 

vfiqrobT, erT-erTi dadebiTi Sedegi, rac a. quTaTelaZis 

zmnaTa klasifikacias aqvs, isaa, rom gamoiKo Kvela Temis niSani. 

ar. quTaTelaZe cdilobs, zmnaTa klasifikacia isev formobrivi 

niSnebis mixedviT moaxdinos; moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa- 

Tvis 15 klass gamoKofs, vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTaTvis _ 13-s (ar. 

quTaTelaZe, 1897). 

ZiriTadi saklasifikacio niSani awmKos fuZis warmoebaa, 

rasac wKvetilis formasTan SepirispirebiT arkvevs. iTvaliswinebs 

uwKvetlisa da mimGeobis formaTa warmoebasac. KuradGeba 

eqceva xmovanprefiqsebs, faqtobriv, klasifikacia rTulia da gayirdeba 

am cdis progresulobaze saubari. 

rogorc vTqviT, orTemianobaze KuradGebis gamaxvileba sistemuri 

saxiT udavod sagulisxmo faqtia. Tumca am faqtze miniSneba 

ufro adre T. jordaniasTan gvxvdeba: namKo sruli `warmosdgeba 

saxelzmnaTagan mimatebiT bolos xmovanisa è~ (à~-s magier), 

mag. kv-eT-a _ vkv-eT-e, wer-a _ vw-er-e (asea! _ g. g.), triali 

_ vitrial-e da sx. da dabo da 

bo bolo 

loebul lo bul bulni bul ni mar marcvle mar 

cvle cvlebi 

biTa bi Ta `òba 

` 

oba oba~ oba ~ da 

èba eba eba~ eba (xSirad ìli~-ze daboloebulnic) war warsul war 

sul sulSi sul Si mo moik mo 

ik ikve 

vecen ve cen am 

mar marcvlebs mar cvlebs da da da danar da danar 

narCen 

CenSi Cen Si mi miima mi 

ma mate 

teben te ben ima imave ima 

ve xmo xmovan xmo xmovan 

vansa van sa è~, ~, ~, mag mag. mag 

.


Se Semko Se 

mko mkoba mko ba _ _ Se Sevamk Se 

vamk vamk-e, vamk , mo mota mo 

ta tace tace 

ceba ce ba _ _ mo movi mo 

vi vitac 

tac-e tac e da da sx sx. sx 

. sa sabo sa 

bo boloo 

loo 

èva eva eva~ eva ~ gada gadaiq gada 

iq iqce 

ceva ce va ìe ie ie~-d ie d d da èna ena ena~ ena ~ _ ìne ine ine~-d, ine , , mag mag. mag . cd cd-ena cd ena _ 

vacd vacd-ine vacd ine ine, ine , w-eva eva _ _ vw vw-ie vw ie da da sx sx. sx (T. jordania, 1889, gv. 55) (xazi 

Cvenia _ g. g.). awmKos formebze msJelobisas ki T. jordania aGniSnavs, 

rom `saxelzmnebs mxolod ukanaskneli xmovani miekveceba~ 

(gv. 54). amdenad, eb eb, eb 

, ob marcvalTa mokveca namKo srulis 

formaTa warmoebis specifikadaa miCneuli. aseve: ev ev → iv iv, iv , en → 

in in procesic am sauGlebel erTeulSi xdebao. zmnur formaTa 

warmoebis TvalsazrisiT saintereso dakvirvebaa. 

gvinda kidev erT faqts mivaqcioT KuradGeba: T. jordania 

axdens zmnur formaTa warmoebis ganzogadebasa da gvTavazobs 

formawarmoebiT modelebs: `xolo T‚T moqmedebiTis zmnebis mo- 

mavali dro warmosdgeba nakveTiTa `vi-x-eb~ (mKofobiTebi ki na- 

kveTiTa `ve-x-ebi~), sadac x udris saxelzmnas, ukanasknel xmovan 

mokvecilsa; magram Tu saxelzmna dabolovdeba marcvlebze: eba, 

oba da va; maSin `x~ udris danarCens nawils saxelzmnisas, mag. 

vi-god-eb, vi-Can-eb, vi-wux-eb, vi-titin-eb. Tu awmKosa aqvs nakve- 

Ti: `vi-x-eb, anu v-x-ebi~, maSin momavali, sazogado kanonisamebr, 

iwarmoeba TandebuliT, mag. vigvianeb _ davigvianeb... (T. jorda- 

nia, 1889, gv. 56). anda: `vnebiTi awmKo iwarmoeba nakveTiTa, `vi-x- 

ebi~, sadac x udris saxelzmnas~ (gv. 61); awmKo iwarmoeba nakve- 

TiTa `v-x-debi~, romelSiac x udris Zirs zmnisas (èba~ da òba~ 

mokveTils)~ (iqve, gv. 62) da a. S. faqti udavod sainteresoa. 

2222....6666. . . . sauGlebel sauGle sauGle sauGlebel 

bel bel erTe er er erTe 

Teul Teul 

ulTa ulTa 

Ta Ta urTi ur ur urTi 

TieeeerrrrTmi Ti Tmimar Tmi Tmimar 

marTe marTe 

Tebis Tebis 

bis bis 

sa saki sa saki 

kiTxi kiTxi 

Txi Txi da da da da Tana Ta Ta Tana 

namim namim 

mimdev mimdevro 

dev devro 

roba roba 

ba ba 

sauGlebel erTeulTa urTierTmimarTebaze warmoebis 

TvalsazrisiT miniSnebebi antonTanac gvaqvs. XIX saukunis dasasruls 

es sakiTxebi aqtualuri msJelobis sagani xdeba. mxedvelobaSi 

gvaqvs k. dodaSvilis, T. jordaniasa da d. CubinaSvilis 

Sromebi. 

samive avtorTan aris cda sauGlebel erTeulTa dalagebisa 

sawarmoebeli fuZis mixedviT. k. dodaSvilma, faqtobriv, 

uarKo droTa dalageba kiloebis mixedviT, rasac Tavi ver 

daaGwies mTlianad T. jordaniam da d. CubinaSvilma. magram gasaTvaliswinebelia 

isic, rom T. jordania roca msJelobs 

81

82 


sauGlebel erTeulTa urTierTmimarTebaze, KuradGeba mxolod 

formawarmoebazea gamaxvilebuli; iseve rogorc k. dodaSvils, T. 

jordaniasac ori Jgufi aqvs gamoKofili: 

I. awmKosagan awmKosagan (vyri) nawarmoebi droebi: 

a) dro dro momavali momavali (`windasmiTa romelsame sazmnebo 

Tandebulebis~) _ ga-vyri. 

b) namKo namKo usr usruli usr li (di di an odi odi elementTa mimatebiT) 

v-yr-idi, v-qreb-odi. 

g) namKo namKo namKo istoriuli istoriuli (mimatebaTa wina nakveTisa `mi~ 

(gvi, gi, u) da bolo nakveTisa ìa~; xolo daboloebulni 

awmKoSi àv~ da àm~ miiGeben àv~-s da àm~-s) 

_ mi-xev-ia, mi-kl-avs. 

II. namKo namKo srulisagan srulisagan (syra) iwarmoeba: 

a) namKo namKo uusrulesi uusrulesi uusrulesi an an winare winare-warsuli 

winare warsuli (winadarTviTa 

nakveTebisa me/ge, e, gve). mag. Txara (man) _ me-Txara). 

b) namKo namKo namKo sruli sruli vnebiTis vnebiTis vnebiTis saxisa saxisa, saxisa urTierTobisa da 

saTuo sqesisa srulad hgavs winare-warsuls... miimatebs 

marcvlebs òs~ an às~. igulisxmeba III III 

ka kavSirebiTi 

ka 

vSirebiTi 

vSirebiTi. 

vSirebiTi 

g) sqesi sqesi brZanebiTi 

brZanebiTi brZanebiTi (`ganirCeva namKo srulisagan 

mxolod niSniTa maxviliT~ (igulisxmeba II brZanebiTi). 

d) dro dro momavali momavali da da saTuo saTuo sqesisa (damatebiTa bolos 

xmovanTa ò~, à~ anu iSviaTad è~) _ mivawebo... 

(T. jordania, 1889, gv. 56-57). 

viTareba d. CubinaSvilTanac amgvarivea. ZiriTadad or 

Jgufs gamoKofs: 

I. awmdgomisagan awmdgomisagan (vhswer) iwarmoeba: 

a) qmnili qmnili qmnili usruli usruli (di da odi marcvalTa mimatebiT) _ 

vhswerdi, 

b) awmdgomi awmdgomi namKobisa namKobisa (de, ode-s darTviT) _ vhswerde,


g) qmnili qmnili qmnili uusrulesi 

uusrulesi uusrulesi (vh, va, vi-s mi-T Secvlisa da ia, 

ies darTviT) _ miweria, miweries. 

SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna : sainteresoa is faqti, rom avtori grZnobs TurmeobiTis 

warmoebaSi saKrdeni fuZis orgvar 

SesaZleblobas da SeniSnavs, rom zog SemTxvevaSi 

awmKos fuZes marcvali moekveceba... 

II. qmnili qmnili qmnili srulisagan 

srulisagan (vhswere) iwarmoeba: 

a) qmnadi qmnadi TuobiTi TuobiTi _ vhswero, 

b) qmnili qmnili sruli ruli TuobiTi TuobiTi _ mewera. 

(d. CubinaSvili, 1887, gv. XIV-XVII). 

k. dodaSvilTan es ufro sistemuri saxiTaa warmodgenili: 

I Jgufi: 

awmKo awmKo (moTxrobiTi daxra) _ vakeTeb, 

momavali momavali (moTxrobiTi daxra) _ gavakeTeb, 

awmKo awmKo (natvriTi daxra) _ vakeTebde, 

momavali momavali (natvriTi daxra) _ gavakeTebde, 

namKo namKo usruli usruli (moTxrobiTi daxra) _ vakeTebdi, 

namKo namKo sruli sruli (saTuo daxra) _ gavakeTebdi. 

II Jgufi: 

namKo namKo mravalgziTi mravalgziTi (moTxrobiTi daxra) _ vakeTe, 

namKo namKo ssruli 

s sruli 

ruli (moTxrobiTi daxra) _ gavakeTe, 

awmKo awmKo (saTuo daxra) _ vakeTo, 

momavali momavali (saTuo daxra) _ gavakeTo, 

namKo namKo usrulesi 

usrulesi usrulesi (moTxrobiTi daxra) _ mikeTia, 

namKo namKo usrulesi 

usrulesi usrulesi (saTuo daxra) _ mekeTos, 

namKo namKo usruli usruli (saTuo daxra) _ mekeTa. 

(k. dodaSvili, 1887, # 217; 1894, # 6). 

SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna SeniSvna zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa dapirispirebis 

principi k. dodaSvilisa ZiriTadad d. Kifians 

emKareba (I variants, rTuls). 

sagulisxmoa isic, rom zmnis orTemianobas pirve- 

83

84 


lad KuradGeba k. dodaSvilma miaqcia (k. dodaSvili, 

1887, # 214). 

k. dodaSvils sawarmoebeli fuZis principi rom bolomde 

gaetarebina, III seriis xelovnuri formebi Cndeba paradigmebSi. 

amis Taobaze n. abesaZe SeniSnavda: `k. dodaSvili brmad misdevs 

Tavis sqemebs da amis mixedviT xSirad uCveulo, xelovnur formebs 

qmnis~ (n. abesaZe, 1960, gv. 74). aq isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, 

rom am principiT dalagebul orJgufian sistemaSi III seriis 

formaTa ganawileba ar moxerxda: III seriaSi zmnaTa erTi Jgufi 

saKrdenad I seriis fuZes iKenebs (u-keTebia...), meore Jgufi 

_ II seriis fuZes (au-G-ia...). es sirTule k. dodaSvilma am gziT 

moxsna (uke uke ukeTe 

Tebia Te bia formis nacvlad paradigmaSi uke ukeTia uke ukeTia 

Tia forma Casva). 

es sqemaTa brmad gamokidebis Sedegi ki ar aris, survili 

unificirebuli sistemis Seqmnisa, cda principis bolomde gatarebisa. 

Secdomas sakvlevi sakiTxis sirTule Seapirobebs. aqve 

unda SevniSnoT, rom es sirTule dGesac ar aris daZleuli. 

amis Taobaze qveviT iqneba msJeloba. 

amgvarad, sami avtoris friad saintereso erTgvar TvalsazrisTan 

gvaqvs saqme. sauGlebeli erTeulebi dalagda sawarmoebeli 

fuZis mixedviT; gamoiKo dro-kiloTa ori Jgufi: a) awmKoze 

damKarebuli da b) wKvetilze damKarebuli. 

im sirTulis moxsna, ramac k. dodaSvils xelovnuri formebi 

awarmoebina, n. marma III Jgufis gamoKofiT cada (n. mari, 

1908). III JgufSi sami sauGlebeli erTeuli Sevida: I Turmeobi- 

Ti, II TurmeobiTi da III kavSirebiTi: ès sami dro erTad unda 

iKos, radganac isini nawarmoebia erTi da imave wesiT, Tumca 

verc erT maTgans ver ganvixilavT, rogorc saKrdenad xmarebul 

dros, romlisganac sxvebi arian warmoqmnili~ (n. mari, 1931, gv. 

138. vimowmebT naSromidan: arn. Ciqobava, 1962, gv. 98). rogorc 

vxedavT, sirTule amgvar klasifikaciasac (III Jgufis gamoKofas) 

axlavs. amis gaTvaliswinebiT saocrad faseulad gveCveneba 

aGniSnul avtorTa (da, gansakuTrebiT, k. dodaSvilis) naazrevi. 

originaluria, magram naklebfaseuli, sauGlebel erTeul- 

Ta s. xundaZiseuli daJgufeba. Tu aqamde sauGlebel erTeulTa 

dalageba xdeboda ZiriTadad kiloTa, anda sawarmoebeli fuZis 

mixedviT, s. . xun xunda xun xunda 

daZe da Ze droTa mixedviT aJgufebs maT:

I. 

II. 

III. 


awmKos awmKos awmKos Jgufi Jgufi: Jgufi Jgufi 

namKos namKos namKos Jgufi Jgufi: Jgufi 

mKofadis 

mKofadis 

Jgufi Jgufi: Jgufi 

vswer 

vswerde 

vswerdi 

vswere (davswere) 

miweria (damiweria) 

mewera (damewera) 

meweros (dameweros) 

vswerdi (davswerdi) 

vswer (davswer) 

vswerde (davswerde) 

vswero (davswero) 

(s. xundaZe, 1907, gv. 16-19). 

s. xundaZesTan saintereso faqtad gveCveneba TiToeuli 

sauGlebeli erTeulisaTvis kiTxvis misadageba (saswavlo mizani 

ganapirobebda, rogorc Cans, amas). I nawilSi droebs arc asaxelebs, 

kiTxvebis mixedviT warmoadgens paradigmebs (mosamzadebeli 

klasis kursSi); meore nawilSi droTa dasaxelebas mosdevs ki- 

Txvebi (droTa mixedviT): ras vSvrebi? ras unda vSvrebode? ras 

vSvrebodi? ra vqeni? ra miqnia? ra meqna? ra meqnas? ras vizamdi? 

ras vizam? ra vizamde? ra vqna? (s. xundaZe, 1907, gv. 16-19; 139- 

143). rogorc vxedavT, es is kiTxvebia, romlebic dGes Cvens 

praqtikul Tu samecniero gramatikebSi gvxvdeba. es udavo damsaxurebaa 

s. xundaZisa. Tumca unda aGiniSnos, rom amgvari cda 

m. JanaSvilTanac gvaqvs: `Tu gvinda gavigoT moqmedebis viTareba 

da dro, rodesac igi swarmoebs, unda davsoT kiTxvebi. sakiTxebad 

ixmarebian mxolod zmnebi Ca Cade Ca Cade 

dena, de , qmna qmna, qmna 

, Sro Sroma Sro 

ma ma, ma , Kof Kofna Kof 

na na, na , ke keTe ke 

Te- Te 

ba ba~ ba (m. JanaSvili, 1906, gv. 74). kiTxvebic aseTia, mag.: awmKo awmKo: awmKo ras 

Cadixar? ras iq? ras Svrebi? ras akeTeb? ras izam? raa? vinaa? 

rogorc vxedavT, m. JanaSvili kiTxvas svams zmnis semantikis 

mixedviT. s. xundaZem moaxdina ganzogadeba da iseTi kiTxva Seir- 

Ca, romelic, metad Tu naklebad, Kvela semantikis zmnas SeiZleba 

miesadagos. 

85

86 


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna Znelia am SemTxvevaSi daisvas m. JanaSvilisa da 

s. xundaZis TvalsazrisTa mimarT uwinaresoba-Semdgomadobis 

sakiTxi. s. xundaZis `qarTuli gramatikis~ 

pirveli gamocema 1905 wels gamovida (Cven 

vsargeblobT II gamocemiT); m. JanaSvilisa _ 1906 

wels. ramdenadac s. xundaZiseuli Tvalsazrisi 

ufro daxvewili Cans (da gamoiricxeba m. JanaSvilis 

gavlena), unda vivaraudoT, rom erTmaneTisagan 

damoukideblad iqmneboda es ori Tvalsazrisi. 

2222....7777. . . . zo zoga zo zoga 

gadi gadi 

di di sura su su sura 

raTi raTi 

Ti Ti aseTi ase ase aseTi 

Tiaaaa Ti 

dro-kiloTa sistemis analizis TvalsazrisiT praqtikulma 

gramatikebma sakmaod mKari safuZveli moumzades XX saukunis 

qarTul enaTmecnierebas samecniero kvleva-ZiebisaTvis. praqtikos-gramatikosebma, 

upirveles Kovlisa, antonma, fasdaudebeli 

Gvawli dasdes qarTuli gramatikuli azris ganviTarebas. mravali 

migneba da dakvirveba faseulia da dGesac ar daukargavs 

mniSvneloba. Kvela avtors sakadrisi unda miezGas. Kvela azrsa 

da Tvalsazriss angariSi unda gaewios, Girseulad Sefasdes da 

Tavisi adgili unda miekuTvnos qarTuli gramatikuli azris istoriaSi.

Tavi Tavi II. dro-kiloTa sistema. 

uGlebis tipebi 

$ $ 3. . dro dro-kiloTa dro kiloTa sistemis sistemis sistemis analizis 

analizis 

mdgomareoba 

mdgomareoba da da amocanebi amocanebi 

sauGlebel erTeulTa (mwkrivTa) raodenoba axal qarTul- 

Si Zvelisagan gansxvavebulia. aGvniSneT: praqtikul gramatikebSi 

(kerZod, antonTan) Zveli qarTulis TiTqmis Kvela forma iKo 

SemCneuli, magram ver moxerxda Kvela sauGlebeli erTeulis 

gamoKofa. rogorc iTqva, mizezi isaa, rom XVIII- XIX saukuneebSi 

iqmneboda imdroindeli qarTuli saliteraturo enis praqtikuli 

gramatikebi (zog SemTxvevaSi Zveli qarTuli enis masalaze!). 

amitom praqtikul gramatikebSi SemCneulia axali qarTulis Kvela 

mwkrivis forma, dalagebis principic gamoikveTa, Jgufebadac 

daiKo. principi TiTqos bolomde gatarda, magram ver moicva 

Kvela tipis zmnis uGleba: garda amisa, saqme III seriis formebma 

gaarTula. marTalia, n. mariseuli sistema Zveli qarTuli enis 

viTarebas asaxavs, magram principi uGlebis sistemis dalagebadaKofisa 

araa gansxvavebuli Zveli da axali qarTulisaTvis. 

sxvaobas Zvelsa da axal qarTuls Soris qmnis sauGlebel erTeulTa 

raodenoba (zogJer ama Tu im sauGlebeli erTeulis funqciuri 

datvirTva da warmoebis wesi). 

amgvarad, praqtikul gramatikebSi SeZlebisdagvarad gamoiKo 

axali qarTulis TiTqmis Kvela sauGlebeli erTeuli da aseve 

gairkva kidec am erTeulTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebi warmoebis 

TvalsazrisiT. a. SaniZem I seriaSi eqvsi mwkrivi gamoKo, romlebic 

or wred daalaga (a. SaniZe, 1973). sistemis erTeulTa 

raodenoba ar Secvlila, terminebi dazustda da sabolood ase- 

Ti saxe miiGo sauGlebel erTeulTa sistemam:

88 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 


1930 1930 w. 

`qarTuli qarTuli gramatika gramatika~ 

gramatika 

I I seria 

seria 

a) awmKos wre 

awmKo 

namKo uwKveteli 

I kavSirebiTi 

b) mKobadis wre 

mKobadi 

pirobiTi 

I kavSirebiTi 

II II II seria 

seria 

namKo wKvetili 

namKo xolmeobiTi 

brZanebiTi (II subieqturi 

pirisa mxolod da isic 

warTqmiTad) 

II kavSirebiTi 

I TurmeobiTi 

II TurmeobiTi 

III kavSirebiTi 

III III seria seria 

seria 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

`qarTuli qarTuli qarTuli gramat gramatikis 

gramat kis kis 

safuZvlebi 

safuZvlebi~ 

safuZvlebi 

I I seria seria 

seria 

a) awmKos wre 

awmKo 

uwKveteli 

awmKos kavSirebiTi 

b) mKofadis wre 

mKofadi 

xolmeobiTi 

mKofadis kavSirebiTi 

II II II seria 

seria 

wKvetili 

brZanebiTi 

II xolmeobiTi 


III III seria 

seria 

I TurmeobiTi 

II TurmeobiTi 


saKuradGeboa is faqti, rom 1930 wlis gramatikaSi terminiT 

I I kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi 

biTi bi Ti ori mwkrivia aGniSnuli. gavxazavT: or 

mwkrivs erTi da igive saxeli hqvia. es uxerxuloba 1942 wlis 

gramatikaSi gamosworda: erTs ewoda awmKos kavSirebiTi, meores 

_ mKobadis kavSirebiTi (a. SaniZe, 1942, gv. 213, 314), Tumca sqe-

Tavi II. dro-kiloTa sistema. uGlebis tipebi 

maSi isev I kavSirebiTi darCa, oGond frCxilebSi mieTiTa: I kavSirebiTi 

(awmKosi), I kavSirebiTi (mKobadisa) (a. SaniZe, 1942, gv. 217). 

`safuZvlebSi~ sqemas axlavs SeniSvna, rom ori mwkrivi _ 

brZanebiTi da II xolmeobiTi _ kiloebSia Semonaxuli. Tumca, 

rogorc iTqva, sailustraciod brZanebiTisaTvis saliteraturo 

qarTulis formebia moxmobili: were (dawere), aSene (aaSene); xolo 

II xolmeobiTisaTvis _ Zveli qarTulisa: vweri (davweri), va- 

Seni (avaSeni) (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 223). 

momdevno msJelobaSi a. SaniZe SeniSnavs: `mwkrivebs rom 

gamovakloT II xolmeobiTi, romelic dGevandel qarTulSi iSvia- 

TadGa ixmareba da brZanebiTi, romelsac sxva mwkrivebisagan gansxvavebuli 

formebi TiTqmis aGar aqvs, 13 mwkrivisagan 11 dagvrCeba~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1971, gv. 233). 

`qarTuli enis zogad daxasiaTebaSi~ arn. Ciqobava 10 

mwkrivs warmoadgens (arn. Ciqobava, 1950); ar Cans e. w. `mKofadis 

kavSirebiTi~ (àwmKos kavSirebiTi~ aGiniSneba terminiT `pirveli 

kavSirebiTi~). 

sqema aseTi saxisaa: 

àwmKos awmKos wKebaSi Sedis: 

1. awmKo; 

2. awmKosagan nawarmoebi namKo namKo us usru us usru 

ruli 

li; li 

3. namKo usrulisagan nawarmoebi kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebiTi re biTi ppir 

p pir 

irve 

veli 

li; li 

4. awmKosganve nawarmoebi mKofa mKofadi mKofa di da 

5. mKofadisagan nawaromebi pi piro pi 

ro robi 

biTi 

Ti 

namKo namKo namKo Zi Ziri Zi Ziri 

riTa 

Tadis Ta dis wKebaSi Sedis: 

1. namKo ZiriTadi (aoristi) da 

2. kavSirebiTi meore. 

Tur Turme Tur Turme 

meobi me bi biTis bi Tis wreSi Sedis 

1. TurmeobiTi pirveli (gardamaval zmnebTan iwarmoeba 

awmKosagan an namKo ZiriTadisgan inversiulad); 

2. TurmeobiTi meore (iwarmoeba kavSirebiTi meorisagan)~ 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1950, gv. 062). 

89

90 


1967 wels `mKofadis kavSirebiTi~ arn. Ciqobavas Seaqvs 

sauGlebel erTeulTa sistemaSi da uwodebs mas `pirobiT-kavSirebiTs 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1967, gv. 48). ase rom, sxvaoba a. SaniZis 

sistemasTan moixsna. 

amgvarad, saKovelTaod gaziarebuli Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, 

axal qarTulSi 11 mwkrivi gvaqvs. zog SemTxvevaSi sxvaobas mxolod 

terminologia qmnis (amjamad amas CvenTvis principuli 

mniSvneloba ara aqvs). 

amJerad miGebuli daJgufeba mwkrivTa sistemisa ZiriTadad 

sawarmoebeli fuZis principzea agebuli, rac samecniero literaturaSi 

n. maris danergilad miiCneva. rogorc viciT, ufro 

adre msgavsi principiT sauGlebel erTeulTa daJgufeba scades 

d. CubinaSvilma, k. dodaSvilma da T. jordaniam. Tu sawarmoebeli 

fuZis principi umtkivneulod SeiZleba gatardes I da II seriaSi, 

sirTules III seriis mwkrivebi qmnis. am sirTules n. maric 

grZnobs _ avtori mesame seriis calke Jgufad gamoKofisa. III serias, 

gansxvavebiT I da II seriisagan, ar gaaCnia saKrdeni mwkrivi. 

I TurmeobiTis fuZe ara Tu ar aris saKrdeni danarCeni mwkrivebisaTvis, 

aramed umetes SemTxvevaSi principulad sxvaobs kidec 

maTgan... am winaaGmdegobis Taobaze n. mari aGniSnavs, rom: ès 

sami dro erTad unda iKos, radganac isini nawarmoebia erTi da 

imave wesiT, Tumca vercerT maTgans ver ganvixilavT rogorc 

saKrdenad xmarebul dros, romlisganac sxvebi arian warmoqmnilni~ 

(vimowmebT arn. Ciqobavas naSromidan: arn. Ciqobava, 

1962, gv. 98). es saerTo wesi inversiulobaa; aseve, mesame seriis 

formebs sintaqsuri konstruqciis erTgvarobac aerTianebs... magram 

dairGva ZiriTadi principi mwkrivTa daJgufebisa: sawarmoebeli 

fuZis principi. àmosavali principis cvla klasifikaciis 

elementaruli wesis darGvevad iTvleba mecnierebis Kvela darg- 

Si; enis movlenaTa aGwerac aq gamonakliss ver Seqmnis. mereada: 

wKobis cvla _ sintaqsuri konstruqciis cvla _ axasiaTebs 

gardamaval zmnebs; gardauval zmnebSi aseTi cvla ara gvaqvs... 

amrigad, w a r m o e b i s wesi da sintaqsuri k o n s t r u q c i a 

TurmeobiTis Jgufis gamosaKofad mxolod gardamaval zmnebSi 

SeuZliaT ixmaron, da aqac igi klasifikaciis ZiriTadi wesis 

darGvevas niSnavs~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1962, gv. 98).


aGniSnuli sirTulis daZlevis saintereso cdaa a. SaniZis 

mier mwkrivis rTul kategoriad miCneva da mwkrivis elementebad 

aqtisa da Tanamdevrobis CaTvla (piris, ricxvis, droisa da kilos 

kategoriebTan erTad). avtoris azriT, mesame seriis mwkrivebs 

saerTo funqcia aerTianebT _ esaa TurmeobiToba (unaxaoba) 

procesisa. marTalia, III seriis formebs ùnaxavi aqtis mwkrivebad~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 222) moixseniebs, magram faqtia, rom 

unaxaoba procesisa mainc araa saerTo funqcia III seriis forma- 

TaTvis: Ì TurmeobiTSi samive elementia: dro (wars.), kilo 

(Txr.) da aqti (unaxavi)... (iqve, gv. 221) `Sedgenilobis TvalsazrisiT 

II TurmeobiTi I-sagan erTi elementiT gansxvavdeba, es 

elementia Tanamdevroba (uwinaresi). es mwkrivi gadmogvcems iseT 

unaxav moqmedebas, romelic sxvas uswrebda~ (iqve, gv. 222). amgvarad, 

TurmeobiTisaTvis saerTo funqciaa unaxaoba (ganmasxvavebeli 

_ Tanamdevroba); miuxedavad imisa, rom erTgan III kavSirebi- 

Tic ùnaxavi aqtis mwkrivad~ moixsenieba, misi daxasiaTebisas, ra 

Tqma unda, araferia Tqmuli unaxaobaze martivi mizezis gamo _ 

amgvar gagebas ar Seicavs am mwkrivis formebi (mwkrivi xasiaTdeba 

mxolod droisa da kilos mixedviT). faqtia, aqti da Tanamdevrobac 

ver gaaerTianebs III seriis mwkrivebs erT Jgufad. 

III seriis formaTa erT Jgufad gaerTianebis sakiTxze specialurad 

msJelobs arn. Ciqobava. daskvna aseTia: `TurmeobiTi 

Jgufis nakvTebi ver gaerTiandeba maTi funqciis mixedviT; ker- 

Zod, TurmeobiToba ar aris am JgufisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli: kav- 

SirebiTi mesamisaTvis TurmeobiTis gageba ucxoa. TurmeobiTi 

meore ar iZleva TurmeobiTis Sinaarss, roca risame pirobaze 

miuTiTebs; xolo roca TxrobiTi kilos funqcia aqvs TurmeobiT 

meores, maSin misTvis ganmsazGvrelia sxva drosTan fardoba 

(e. i. `Tanamimdevroba~)~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1962, gv. 100). `mxolod 

nawilobriv egueba es Sinaarsi TurmeobiTs meores; TurmeobiTs 

pirvelSic unaxaoba ar gadmoicema pirvels pirSi, uarKofiTi nawilakebis 

xmarebisas ki _ sxva pirebSic~ (iqve, gv. 101). 

`sami Jgufis gamoKofa zmnis uGvlilebaSi nawilobriv gamarTlebulia 

sin sintaq sin 

taq taqsu taqsu 

suri 

ri TvalsazrisiT, nakvTebis warmoeba ki 

sintaqsis sagani ar aris, igi fu fuZe fu 

Ze ZeTa Ze Ta warmo warmoebas warmo bas ganekuTvneba da 

mo morfo mo 

rfo rfolo 

logi 

giis gi is sagani unda iKos (im TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, 

rac am rigis fuZeTa warmoebas axasiaTebs)~ (iqve, gv. 101). 

91

92 


`nakvTebis warmoeba aris fuZeTa warmoeba da, maSasadame, nakvTebis 

sistemaSi ama Tu im nakvTma is adgili unda daikavos, rac 

mas ekuTvnis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT~ (iqve, gv. 102). 

es vrceli amonawerebi imisTvis moviKvaneT, rom naTeli 

iKos avtoris Teoriuli pozicia mwkrivTa sistemis daJgufebis 

sakiTxebze (es pozicia CvenTvisac amosavalia am sakiTxebze msJelobisas). 

amgvari Teoriuli safuZveli _ formobrvi monacemebis ga- 

Tvaliswineba _ arn. Ciqobavas saSualebas aZlevs mwkrivebi or 

wKebad daaJgufos. ZiriTad mwkrivebad, romelTaganac iwarmoeba 

Kvela sxva mwkrivi uSualod Tu SualobiT, pirdapiri wKobiT 

Tu inversiulad, miiCneva awmKo da namKo ZirTadi da daaskvnis: 

àmisdakvalad nakvTebis warmoebisas gveqneba ori Jgufi: awmKos 

Jgufi da namKo ZiriTadis Jgufi. awmKos Jgufi amjamad Kvelaze 

mravalricxovania. 

I. garda gardama garda gardama 

mava 

vali va li zmnis awmKosa awmKosagan awmKosa 

gan (cvl-i-s) iwarmoeba: 

a) pir pirda pir pirda 

dapi dapi 

piri pi ri wKobis nakvTebi: 

1. namKo usruli (cvl-i-d-a) → 3. kavSirebiTi pirveli 

(cvl-i-d-e-s). 

2. mKofadi (Se-cvl-i-s) → 4. mKofadiseuli namKo usruli 

(Se-cvl-i-d-a). 

[5. 6. 7. TurmeobiTi I, II, kavSirebiTi III gardauval orpirian 

zmnaTa ({Se}scvlia, scvloda, scvlodes)]. 

b) Se Sebru Se 

bru brune brune 

nebu 

buli bu li (in in inver 

versi 

siuli si li li) li ) wKobi wKobisa wKobi wKobisa 

sa: sa 

8. TurmeobiTi pirveli gardamaval zmnaTa (u-cvl-i-a). 

II. namKo namKo Zi Ziri Zi Ziri 

riTa 

Tadi 

disa 

sagan sa gan (cval-a) iwarmoeba nakvTebi: 

a) pir pirda pir pirda 

dapi 

piri pi ri wKobi wKobisa wKobi wKobisa 

sa: sa 9. namKo ZiriTadis xolmeobiTi 

(Zvel qarTulSi); (cval-i-s). 

10. kavSirebiTi meore (cval-o-s). 

b) Se Sebru Se 

bru brune 

nebu 

buli bu li (in in inver 

versi 

siuli si li li) 

) wKobi wKobisa wKobi wKobisa 

sa: sa 

11. TurmeobiTi meore gardamaval zmnaTa ({Se}ecvala). 

12. kavSirebiTi meore gardamaval zmnaTa ({Se}ecvalos) 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1962, gv. 107).


sqemas ramdenime sirTule axlavs: sxvadasxvagvarad warmogvidgeba 

sistema gardamaval da orpirian gardauval zmnaTaTvis; 

erTpirian gardauval zmnaTa viTareba ar aisaxeba; araa warmodgenili 

e. w. mKofadis kavSirebiTi (`pirobiT-kavSirebiTi~ _ avtoris 

terminiT). garda amisa, Tu cvlis cvlis _ _ uc ucvlia uc 

vlia vlia, vlia , ake akeTebs ake 

Tebs _ 

uke ukeTe uke ukeTe 

Tebia Te bia tipis gardamaval zmnaTa I TurmeobiTi am principiT 

awmKos JgufSi moxvdeba, aqebs aqebs _ _ uqia uqia, uqia 

, aGebs _ uGia tipis 

gardamaval zmnaTa igive mwkrivi wKvetilis JgufSi Seva (sqemaSi 

es faqti ar aisaxa). maSasadame, gardamaval zmnaTaTvisac araa 

mKari warmodgenili sistema. 

mwkrivTa sistema, amave principiT daJgufebuli (odnav Secvlili 

varianti), aris warmodgenili Semdegdroindel naSrom- 

Si (arn. Ciqobava, 1967, gv. 48-50): 

I. awmKos Jgufi 

1. awmKo _ zrd-i-s, a-Sen-e-b-s 

2. namKo usruli _ zrd-i-d-a, a-Sen-eb-d-a 

3. I kavSirebiTi _ zrd-i-d-e-s, a-Sen-eb-d-e-s 

4. mKofadi _ ga-zrd-i-s, a-a-Sen-eb-s 

5. pirobiTi _ ga-zrd--i-d-a, a-a-Sen-eb-d-a 

6. pirobiT-kavSirebiTi _ ga-zrd-i-d-e-s, a-a-Sen-eb-d-e-s 

7. I SedegobiTi _ ga-u-zrd-i-a, u-Sen-eb-i-a. 

II. namKo ZiriTadis Jgufi 

8. namKo ZiriTadi _ ga-zard-a, a-a-Sen-a 

9. namKo CveulebiTi (permansivi) _ ga-zard-i-s, a-a-Sen-i-s 

10. II SedegobiTi _ ga-e-zard-a, a-e-Sen-eb-in-a 

11. III kavSirebiTi _ ga-e-zard-o-s, a-e-Sen-eb-in-o-s. 

am sqemaSi moixsna is sirTule, erTi da igive mwkrivi sxvadasxva 

JgufSi rom iKo warmodgenili; Tumca sirTuleebi darCa. 

sqema mxolod gardamaval zmnaTaTvisaa gamosadegi (magali- 

Tebic gardamaval zmnaTa axlavs). zogadi SeniSvnebi igive rCeba, 

rac zemoT aGvniSneT. garda amisa, rac mTavaria, sawarmoebeli 

fuZis principi mainc dairGva: a-a-Sen Sen Sen-a, Sen , a-a-Sen Sen Sen-o-s Sen da a-e-Sen Sen- 

eb eb-in eb 

in in-a, in , a-e-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-in eb in in-o-s in s s erT JgufSi moxvda... 

93

94 


saerTod: mwkrivis formaTa warmoebis (sauGlebel erTeul- 

Ta fuZis) sakiTxebze msJelobisas xmovanprefiqsebis sakiTxi garkvevas 

moiTxovs. am SemTxvevaSic, TurmeobiTebsa da III kavSirebiTSi 

xmovanprefiqsi gamoKofilia, sxva mwkrivebTan _ ara... sagulisxmoa 

is faqti, rom Tu I-II seriis formebSi erTi da igive 

xmovanprefiqsia warmodgenili Kvela mwkrivSi, gansxvavebulia vi- 

Tareba III seriis mwkrivebTan: gardamaval zmnebs I TurmeobiTSi 

sistemebr u- prefiqsi daerTvis, II TurmeobiTsa da III kavSirebiTSi 

_ e; orpiriani gardauvali zmnebi, romelTac I-II seriaSi 

e (ezrdeba) an u (ukeTdeba) prefiqsebi aqvT, III seriis formebs 

uprefiqsod iwarmoebs (ga-zrd-ia, ga-zrd-od-a; ga-h-keT-eb-i-a, 

gah-keT-eb-od-a). es wesi sistemebraa gatarebuli. zmnuri formawarmoebis 

sakiTxebze msJelobisas am faqts, albaT, gverds ver 

avuvliT. es faqti garkveulwilad mxars dauyers mwkrivTa sam 

seriad daJgufebas da, Sesabamisad, sawinaaGmdego Cvenebad gvesaxeba 

mwkrivTa or Jgufad warmodgenisas. 

amgvarad, mwkrivTa sistemis or Jgufad warmodgenas, romelsac 

saukuneze meti xnis istoria aqvs, ver miviCnevT warmatebul 

cdad. 

Tumca, sanam Cven am daskvnas gavakeTebdiT, Tavad avtorma, 

arn. Ciqobavam, 1984 wels gamoqveKnebul naSromSi mwkrivTa sistema 

tradiciul sam seriad warmoadgina. faqts dasabuTeba ar 

axlavs. 

naSromis specifikurobis gamo (dawerilia enciklopediuri 

cnobaris _ `msoflios enebi~ _ SekveTiT) dro-kiloTa sistemis 

sruli sqemac ar aris warmodgenili. TiTo seriidan TiTo 

mwkrivis formaa dasaxelebuli saTanado nimuSiT. magaliTad: 

`gardamavali zmna 

I seria: awmKo _ aqebs aqebs aqebs is mas 

II seria: namKo ZiriTadi _ aqo aqo aqo man igi 

III seria: I TurmeobiTi: uqia uqia mas igi~ 


saerTod, aris ki SesaZlebeli mwkrivTa daJgufebisas formobrivi 

principis bolomde gatareba? Sesabamisad, mwkrivTa sistemis 

or Jgufad warmodgena?


kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema SesaZleblad migvaCnia im SemTxveva- 

Si, roca gairkveva rigi sakiTxebisa: ra aris mwkrivi, ra aris 

mwkrivis fuZe, ris safuZvelze xdeba mwkrivis gamoKofa da, Sesabamisad, 

rogoria mwkrivTa raodenoba da urTierTmimarTeba 

warmoebis TvalsazrsiT. 

$ $ 4. . mwkri mwkrivis mwkri vis ra raoba ra ba 

4444....1111. . . . ra ra ra ra aris aris aris aris mwkriiiivi mwkr mwkr mwkr vi vi???? vi 

arn. Ciqobavas azriT, `nakvTi teqnikuri terminia da miuTi- 

Tebs uGvlilebis erTeulze am erTeulis funqciis aGuniSnavad. 

amitom nakvTi ver iqneba gramatikuli kategoria (ùfunqcio kategoria~ 

ar aris kategoria!) iseve, rogorc gramatikul kategorias 

ar gulisxmoben terminebi `bgera~, `marcvali~, `xmovani~, 

`fuZe~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1948(1), gv. 8). sakiTxs specialuri gamokvleva 

uZGvna v. Tofuriam (v. Tofuria, 1956(1)). avtoris azriT, 

radgan mwkrivs ar gaaCnia gramatikuli kategoriis arc funqcia 

da arc forma, xolo mwkrivis sawarmoebel niSnebad miCneuli 

sufiqsebi (-a, -e, -o, -i...) drois, kilosa da Jerobis mawarmoebeli 

afiqsebia, amitom mwkrivi ar SeiZleba miviCnioT kategoriad. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna sinonimuri terminebi `nakvTi~ da `mwkrivi~ 

sauGlebeli erTeulis aGsaniSnavad ixmareba 

qarTul samecniero literaturaSi; pirveli maTgani 

arn. Ciqobavam SemoiGo, meore _ a. SaniZem. 

rogorc aGvniSneT, TiToeuli maTganis Semo- 

Gebas saTanado cnebebis sxvadasxvagvari gagebac 

axlda. amitom SeiZleba arc iKos gamarTlebuli 

am terminTa paraleluri gamoKeneba; ama Tu im 

avtoris naazrevis moxmobisas zogJer ar moxerxdeba 

gverdi avuaroT im termins, romelsac igi 

gamoiKenebs. Cvens SemTxvevaSi paraleluri xmareba 

am terminebisa amiTaa Sepirobebuli. 

gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss warmoadgens a. SaniZe. sakiTxs 

95

96 


specialuri gamokvleva mieZGvna 1941 wels, romelic safuZvlad 

daedo mwkrivis Sesaxeb moZGvrebas `qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebSi~. 

avtoris azriT, mwkrivi gramatikuli kategoriaa. 

msJelobis Tanamimdevroba aseTia: àris Tu ara mwkrivi gramatikuli 

kategoria? swori pasuxi rom gavceT am kiTxvas, unda movigonoT: 

Kovelgvari gramatikuli kategoria Kalibdeba sapirispiro 

formaTa arsebobis niadagze. Tu am TvalsazrisiT SevxedavT 

mwkrivebs, davrwmundebiT, rom erTi romelime Jgufi, romelTac 

saerTod mwkrivi ewoda, iseT mimarTebaSia danarCenebTan, rogorc 

sxva romelime _ Kvela danarCenTan, isini erTgvar movlenas 

asaxaven enaSi, erTmaneTs Tanabrad Seezomebian, TiTqos Kvelas 

erTi da igive raodenoba aqvT formebisa (sqo sqo sqoli 

lioSi li Si Si: Si brZanebiTis 

mwkrivSi formaTa raodenoba naklebia, vidre TxrobiT- 

Si), TviTeul maTganTan garkveuli cnebaa dakavSirebuli da 

Kvela erTad warmodgenas gvaZlevs, rom isini Seadgenen sapirispiro 

saxeebs zogadi kategoriisas...~, òGond sxva kategoriebi 

martivia, dauSleli, mwkrivi ki rTulia da Seicavs ramdenime kategorias, 

elementebad wodebuls, qarTulSi umTavresad drosa 

da kilos~ (iqve, gv. 217). sxvagan: èlementebi daerqva mwkrivis 

farglebSi ucvalebel kategoriebs, romlebic mis xerxemals 

warmoadgenen. qarTuli mwkrivis elementebia: dro, kilo, gzisoba, 

aqti, Tanamdevroba~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 116). 

ase vrclad imitom SevCerdiT aGniSnul Tvalsazrisze, 

rom, Cveni azriT, zogi ram dazustebasa da garkvevas moiTxovs. 

Jer erTi: piri, ricxvi, dro, kilo, gzisoba, aqti, Tanamdevroba 

da mwkrivi uGlebis kategoriebia, avtoris azriT. amaTgan 

mwkrivis kategoria elementebad Seicavs drois, kilos, gzisobis, 

aqtisa da Tanamdevrobis kategoriebs. sxvagvarad: uGlebis es kategoriebi 

elementebia imave uGlebis sxva kategoriisa... msJeloba 

TiTqos garkvevas sayiroebs... 

mwkrivis kategoriis Semadgenel kategoriaTa Sesaxeb msJelobisas 

miniSnebulia, rom TiToeuli maTgani (dro, kilo, gzisoba, 

aqti, Tanamdevroba) aris zmnis forma, iseve rogorc zmnis 

formad miiCneva ricxvisa da piris kategoriebi. 

amdenad, elementebad wodebuli kategoriebi morfologiur


kategoriebadaa miCneuli; ama Tu im formisaTvis damaxasiaTebel 

mudmiv, ucvalebel kategoriebad. gavixsenoT: èlementebi daerqva 

mwkrivis farglebSi uc ucva uc 

va vale 

lebel le bel ka kate ka kate 

tego 

gori gori 

riebs 

ebs, ebs romlebic mis 

xerxemals warmoadgenen. qarTuli mwkrivis elementebia: dro dro, dro , 

ki kilo ki 

lo lo, lo , gzi gziso gzi gziso 

soba 

ba, ba , aq aqti aq 

ti ti, ti , Ta Tanam Ta Tanam 

namdev 

devro 

roba 

ba~ ba (xazi Cvenia _ g. g.). 

CvenTvis aseTi kiTxva iCens Tavs: aris Tu ara aGniSnuli 

kategoriebi morfologiuri kategoriebi; Sesabamisad _ ucvalebelni 

erTi mwkrivis farglebSi. aqedan gamomdinare: SeiZleba 

Tu ara morfologiurad mwkrivis daxasiaTeba aGniSnuli elementebis 

mixedviT? 

es uxerxuloba ufro Cans amgvar CamonaTvalSi: `davwere~ 

zmnaSi uGlebis kategoriaTagan warmodgenilia: piri (Tanac subieqturi 

da obieqturi), ricxvi, dro, kilo, Jeroba, aqti, Tanamdevroba, 

mwkrivi; warmoqmnis kategoriaTagan: aspeqti, gvari, 

qceva, kontaqti, situacia (aklia gezi da orientacia)~ (a. SaniZe, 

1943, gv. 367): Tu mwkrivi elementebad Seicavs drois, kilos... 

a. S. kategoriebs, erT CamonaTvalSi gverdigverd rogor SeiZleba 

davaKenoT... 

4444....2222. . . . ra ra ra ra aris aris aris aris morfo mo mo morfolo 

rfo rfolo 

logi logi 

giuuuuri gi ri ri ri katttteeeego ka ka ka go gori gori 

riaaaa???? ri 

specialur literaturaSi morfologiuri kategoriis ganmartebisas 

araa erTgvarovani Sexeduleba. rig SemTxvevaSi morfologiuri 

kategoria gaigivebulia gramatikul kategorias- 

Tan. sxva TvalsazrisiT, morfologiuri kategoria gramatikuli 

kategoriis Semadgeneli nawilia sintaqsurTan erTad; sxvagvarad: 

sintaqsuri da morfologiur kategoriebis erToblioba 

qmnis gramatikul kategorias. gramatikuli kategoriis gageba 

dGesac kamaTisa da diskusiis sagans warmoadgens. aGniSnaven kidec: 

`samwuxarod, terminsa da cnebas `gramatikuli kategoria~ 

Cvensa da sazGvargareTul enaTmecnierebaSi ar miuGia erTgvarovani 

ganmarteba da gamoKeneba. amas kargad gviCvenebs zogi ganmarteba 

da gansazGvra, TiTqosda alalbedze mocemuli~ (f. berezini, 

b. golovini, 1979, gv. 175) (wignSi saamiso mravali magali- 

Tia moKvanili). 

ar aris dava imis Taobaze, rom kategoria sapirispiro 

97

98 


formaTa arsebobis safuZvelze Kalibdeba. aGniSnaven, rom `gramatikul 

kategorias gramatikuli formisa da gramatikuli mniSvnelobis 

erToba qmnis~ (v. gaki, 1986, gv. 32) da rom gramatikuli 

(morfologiuri) kategoriisaTvis gramatikuli (morfologiuri) 

niSnis mqonebloba miiCneva arsebiTad. arn. Ciqobavas 

sitKvebiT rom vTqvaT, `morfologiuri kategoria saTanado 

afiqsebiT unda iqnes warmodgenili da ara fuZis mniSvnelobiT~. 

ama Tu im faqtis morfologiur kategoriad miCnevas `morfologiuri 

niSnis qona-uqonloba wKvets~. sxvagvarad: `morfologiur 

kategorias qmnis afiqsiT gadmocemuli mniSvneloba~ (arn. Ciqobava, 

1952, gv. 267). 

`gramatikuli kategoriis gamoxatulebis plani sistemurad 

organizebuli gramatikuli saSualebebia~ (a. bondarko, 1976, gv. 

30). 

saenaTmecniero literaturaSi es saKovelTaod gaziarebuli 

Tvalsazrisia. ufro konkretulad: èrTi da imave morfologiuri 

diferencialuri niSnebis gaerTianebis Sedegad 

miGebuli gramemebis iseT erTobliobas, romelSic Koveli diferencialuri 

niSani warmodgenilia Tavisi erT-erTi SesaZlebeli 

(dadebiTi an uarKofiTi) mniSvnelobiT, gramatikuli kategoria 

ewodeba. magaliTad, mxolobiTi ricxvis gramema da mravlobiTi 

ricxvis gramema, e. i. niSnis èrTi ~ mravali~ dadebiTi da 

uarKofiTi mniSvnelobebiT Sedgenili ori gramema erTiandeba 

ri ricxvis ri 

cxvis gra grama gra grama 

mati 

tikul ti kul kategoriaSi; I, II, III piris gramemebi qmnian 

piris gramatikul kategorias~ (T. gamKreliZe, 2003, gv. 223). 

CvenTvis es Tvalsazrisebi aris saKrdeni. 

4444....3333. . . . dro, dro dro dro, 

, , ro rogorc ro rogorc 

gorc gorc zmnis zmni zmni zmnis 

s s kate ka ka kate 

tego tego 

goria goria 

ria ria 

a r i s T u a r a d r o m o r f o l o g i u r i k a t e - 

g o r i a? mwkrivis formaTa funqciebze msJelobisas droisa da 

kilos kategoriebs gansakuTrebuli KuradGeba eTmoba. mwkrivTa 

saxeldebac ZiriTadad am ori maxasiaTeblis mixedviT xdeba. arc 

isaa SemTxveviTi, rom praqtikuli gramatikebidan moKolebuli 

sauGlebel erTeuls asec saxeldebdnen _ `dro~, `dro-kilo~; 

uGvlilebis sistemas _ `dro-kiloTa sistemis~ saxeliT movixse-


niebT dGesac. Cveulebriv drosa da kilos morfologiur kategoriebad 

miiCneven piris, ricxvis... kategoriaTa gverdiT: `morfologiuri 

kategoriebia: ...piri, ricxvi, dro, kilo, gvari... _ 

zmnisaTvis~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1952, gv. 267). `zmna aris moqmedebis 

aGmniSvneli formacvalebadi sitKva, romelsac erTdroulad 

ramdenime morfologiuri kategoria moepoveba: pirvel Kovlisa 

piri, ricxvi, dro da kilo~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 173). zmnis morfologiuri 

kategoriebia `piri, ricxvi, kilo, qceva, gvari, 

dro da sxva~ (g. mayavariani, g. nebieriZe, 1972, gv. 102). es 

saKovelTaod gaziarebuli Tvalsazrisia. ramdenadac dro da kilo 

morfologiur kategoriebad gaiazreba, aris cda am kategoriaTa 

morfologiuri niSnis Ziebisa. 

drois mixedviT zmnuri formis kvalifikaciasa da daxasia- 

Tebas xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. drois kategoria erT-erTi rTuli 

da sadavo kategoriaa ara marto Cvens sinamdvileSi, aramed 

saerTod. araa SemTxveviTi, rom praqtikul gramatikebSi, da 

zogJer samecnieroSic, sauGlebeli erTeuli da dro gaigivebulia; 

imden droze saubroben, ramdeni sauGlebeli erTeulicaa: 

magaliTisaTvis: n. maris azriT, ZiriTadi dro rva aris: awmKo, 

namKo usruli, natvriTi, aoristi, kavSirebiTi (igive momavali), 

namKo sruli, winare warsuli, namKo kavSirebiTi (n. mari, 1925, 

gv. 142). arn. Ciqobava: àxal qarTulSi gvaqvs erTi awmKo, erTi 

mKofadi da oTxi namKo: namKo usruli anu uwKveti: akeTebda, 

aSenebda, Sromobda...; namKo ZiriTadi anu namKo wKvetili (aoristi): 

akeTa, aSena, iSroma...; TurmeobiTi pirveli: ukeTebia, 

uSenebia, uSromia..., TurmeobiTi meore: ekeTebina, eSenebina, eSroma...~ 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1952, gv. 274). a. SaniZe xazgasmiT aGniSnavs, 

rom àrev-dareva sufevs drois gagebaSi... aseTi mcdari Sexeduleba 

`drois~ Sesaxeb iqedan momdinareobs, rom specialur 

literaturaSi gramatikuli drois problema sworad ar aris 

dasmuli da gadawKvetili. sazogadod drois kategorias reven 

mwkrivis erT-erT kategoriasTan (kilosTan an Tanamimdevrobas- 

Tan) an TviT mwkrivTan da es aGreva, romelic yrelad asaxavs 

zogadi saenaTmecniero sakiTxis Seswavlis umweo mdgomareobas 

enis struqturul nawilSi, qarTul niadagzec ukritikod aris 

gadmotanili. sayiroa da aucilebeli, rom drois kategoria ga- 

99

100 


moiTiSos sxva kategoriebisagan da mas Tavisi alagi mieCinos da 

sxvebsac TavTavisi moenaxos~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 201). `gramatikuli 

dro SeiZleba mxolod sami iKos: exlandeli, warsuli da momavali~ 

(iqve, gv. 199). ZirTadad es Tvalsazrisia gaziarebuli. 

amjamad: drois samwevrian sistemas ganixilaven. safuZvels ki 

drois kategoriis amgvari gageba antikuri gramatikebidan iGebs. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna drois morfologiuri kategoriis problema mxolod 

qarTuli enaTmecnierebis winaSe dasmuli 

problema rodia. 

aGniSnaven, rom àrcerTi sxva garmatikuli problema 

ar aris iseTi rTuli, rogorc gramatikuli 

drois problema~ (p. robertsi, 1954, gv. 131). magaliTisaTvis: 

v. vinogradovi mimoixilavs drois 

kategoriis Seswavlis istorias rusul enaTmecnierebaSi 

da aGniSnavs, rom erT-erTi Kvelaze sadavo 

sakiTxi, romelic azrTa principul sxvadasxvaobas 

iwvevda, drois kategoriaa. m. lomonosovma 

10 dro gamoKo, a. vostokovma _ 8, s. Safranovma 

_ 7, a. boldirevma _ 2. amgvari sxvadasxvaoba 

droisa da kilos kategoriaTa aGrevam gamoiwvia. 

am aGrevasTan brZolam m. katkovi da k. aqsakovi 

drois kategoriis uarKofamde miiKvana. amave azris 

iKo n. nekrasovic, romelmac scada èCvenebina 

nebismieri rusuli zmnuri formis SesaZlebloba 

sruliad gansxvavebuli drouli mniSvnelobebis 

gamoxatvisa. is gadayriT uarKofda rusul zmnaSi 

drois mudmivi gramatikuli formis arsebobas~ 

(v. vinogradovi, 1972, gv. 426-428). TviT v. vinogradovi 

rusulSi or dros gamoKofs (warsulsa 

da arawarsuls), xolo rusuli enis akademiur 

gramatikSi sami droa gamoKofili (awmKo, warsuli 

da momavali) (rusuli gramatika, 1980, gv. 

627). sakiTxi amgvarad sxva enaTa mimarTac dgeba. 

magaliTisaTvis, vfiqrobT, esec kmara.


rogorc iTqva, drois morfologiur kategoriad miCnevam 

TavisTavad dasva sakiTxi am kategoriis niSnis Ziebisa. 

axal qarTulSi warsuli drois gageba ramdenime mwkrivis 

formas SeiZleba hqondes. sxvagvarad: mwkrivTa daxasiaTebisas 

warsuli drois mniSvnelobis gadmocema miiCneva ramdenime 

mwkrivis formisaTvis niSandoblivad: vwer vwerdi vwer vwerdi 

di, di , da davwer da 

vwer vwerdi 

di, di , da davwe da 

vwe- 

re re, re 

, da dami da 

mi miwe 

weria weria 

ria, ria , da dame da 

me mewe 

wera 

ra, ra , da dame da dame 

mewe 

weros 

ros. ros Sesabamisad iKo mcdeloba 

namKo drois morfologiuri niSnis gamoKofisa. 

arn. Ciqobava wers: `rogorc zmnaSi, ise nazmnar saxelebSi 

(mimGeobebSi) dro afiqsebiTaa gamoxatuli (akeTeb-d-a... akeT-a 

← akeT-e-a... u-keTeb-i-a... e-keTeb-in in in-a... in (arn. Ciqobava, 1952, gv. 

275). magaliTebSi warsuli drois gamomxatvel morfologiur 

niSnebad gaxazulia: -d, , , -e, , -u, , -i, , -ni ni ni. ni drois morfologiur 

gamoxatvaze msJeloba grZeldeba: SeiZleba dro aGniSnos cal calke cal ke 

sitKvam sitKvam: sitKvam guSin... SarSan... Zvelad... warsulSi... winaT _ namKo 

droze miuTiTebs. magram es ar aris dro gramatikuli gagebiT, 

dros aq gadmogvcems mTe mTeli mTe li sitKva da ara mo morfo mo morfo 

rfolo 

logi 

giuri gi ri sa sa- sa 

Su Suale Su 

le leba 

ba... ba dro dro mo morf mo morf 

rfolo rf lo logi 

giuri gi ri (afiqsebiT gamoxatuli) da 

`dro dro ara aramor ara aramor 

morfo 

folo 

logi 

giuri gi ri ri~ ri (leqsikuri saSualebiT gadmocemuli) 

iseve unda ganvasxvavoT, rogorc mravlobiTi ricxvi, ricxviTi 

saxeliT aGniSnuli (àsi kaci~), da mravlobiTi ricxvi, morfologiuri 

niSniT warmodgenili (`kacebi~) (arn. Ciqobava, iqve). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi uGlebis tipebis Sesaxeb 

msJelobisas arn. Ciqobava wers: `dro, kilo 

da kilosTan funqciurad axlo mdgomi modaluri 

kategoriebi (Tanaobisa, saurTierTo, uneburobisa, 

ganzraxvisa...) upiratesad semantikur-stilistikuri 

xasiaTisa Cans!~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1979, 

gv. 165). 

Zveli qarTulis uwKvetelSi, I TurmeobiTsa da wKvetilSi 

gamovlenil -e sufiqss v. Tofuria `namKo saxeobaTa saerTo niSnad 

miiCnevs~ (v. Tofuria, 1955), Tumca drois gamomxatvel 

afiqsad misi kvalifikacia ar xdeba (iqve, gv. 73). TiTqosda winaaGmdegobrivia: 

`namKos saxeobaTa saerTo niSani~ `dros uTuod 

ar gamoxatavda~. magram wKvetilis -e sufiqss namKo drois 

101

102 


morfologiur niSnad miiCnevs g. mayavariani (mimomxilveli, 

1972, gv. 532). igive avtori namKo drois mawarmoeblad miiCnevs 

agreTve wKvetilSi gamovlenil -i bolosarTs (iqve). 

amdenad, samecniero literaturaSi drois kategoriis morfologiur 

gamoxatvaze mxolod warsulis mimarT saubroben. 

awmKosa da mKofadis morfologiur gamoxatvaze (morfologiur 

niSanze) araa msJeloba. gamodis: drois samwevriani sistemidan 

markirebulia erTi, aramarkirebuli _ ori. am winaaGmdegobis 

moxsnas cdilobs g. mayavariani, romelic drois orwevrovan sistemas 

gvTavazobs: markirebuli namKo _ aramarkirebuli awmKo 

zogadi (momavali dro damatebiTi gramatikuli mniSvnelobaa diferencialur 

niSanTa konisaTvis: awmKo awmKo zo zoga zo zoga 

gadi ga di + grZli grZlivi grZli vi + 

sru sruli sru li as aspeq as aspeq 

peqti 

ti. ti msJelobisa da azris meti sicxadisaTvis moviKvanT 

amonarids. cnobisaTvis: g. mayavarianis naSromi `grZliobis, 

aspeqtisa da drois kategoriebis mimarTeba qarTulSi~ ar 

gamoqveKnebula (naSromi dakargulia). ZiriTadi debulebebi aGdgenilia 

m. mayavarianis mier. Cvenc am debulebebs vemKarebiT: 

`meore diferencialuri niSani, romliTac upirispirdebian 

zmnuri formebi erTmaneTs, aris dro. markirebulia namKo dro. 

alomorfebi [(od ~ di)] ~ (d ~di)] morfologiurad Sepirobebuli 

grZlivi formebiT: va vakeT va vakeT 

keT-eb keT eb eb-di eb di : : va vakeT va vakeT 

keT-eb keT eb eb, eb vxat vxat-av vxat av av-di av di di : 

: 

vxat vxat-av vxat av av, av vwer vwer-Ø-di 

vwer di : : vwer vwer-Ø, vwer 

vtir vtir-Ø-odi 

vtir odi : : vti vtiri vti vtiri 

ri da sxva), [e ~ 

i º Ø] (morfologiurad Sepirobebuli aragrZlivi, wKvetili 

formebiT: va vakeT va vakeT 

keT-e keT e : : va vake va 

ke keT-eb ke eb eb, eb , vka ka kali ka li : vkl vkl-av vkl 

av da sxva). markirebul 

namKos upirispirdeba aramarkirebuli awmKo zogadi~ (g. mayavariani, 

1972, gv. 531). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna niSvna 

vna: vna : aseve drois orwevrian sistemaze msJelobs m. megreliSvili; 

gamoKofs warsulsa da arwarsul 

dros: `warsuli drois arawarsulTan dapirispireba 

arsebobs drois samwevra sistemis SigniT da 

dafuZnebulia ara marto semantikur, aramed 

struqturul niSanzec~ (m. megreliSvili, 1986, 

gv. 33). `gvaqvs rogorc formaluri, ise semantikuri 

safuZveli CavTvaloT, rom dapirispireba axlandeli-momavali 

arsebobs ufro farTo kategoriis 

_ àrawarsulis~ _ CarCoebSi~ (iqve, gv.


103 

82). Znelia am Tvalsazrisis gaziareba, ramdenadac 

avtoris msJeloba winaaGmdegobrivia: emKareba 

Tvalsazriss, rom gramatikul kategorias aqvs 

Tavisi Sinaarsi da forma (Sinaarsis plani da gamoxatulebis 

plani); rom dro gramatikuli kategoriaa 

(gv. 45); magram roca uGlebis sistemis 

cxrils warmoadgens da aanalizebs am sistemas 

drois kategoriis TvalsazrisiT, daaskvnis: `drois 

gramatikul kategorias am formebSi araviTari 

calke aGebuli formaluri elementi ar SeesatKviseba~ 

(gv. 79). 

naSromSi arc im struqturul niSnebzea saubari, 

romlebic apirispirebs warsul dros arawarsul 

drosTan... aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba ki dro 

CaiTvalos gramatikul kategoriad? garkvevas moi- 

Txovs msJelobac: `Zvel qarTulSi momavali drois 

forma ar arsebobda, amitomac gamoxatulebis 

planSi droTa sistema rTuli ar iKo. funqcionirebda 

drois mxolod ori forma _ warsuli 

da axlandeli~ (gv.80). `momavali dros forma gamoiKo 

SedarebiT gvian~ (gv. 81). iqmneba STabeydileba, 

TiTqos mKofadis mwkrivis CamoKalibebamde 

qarTulSi momavali drois gamoxatva ar xdeboda... 

sadavo sxvac SeiZleba iKos am TvalsazrisiT, 

magram CvenTvis arsebiTi isaa, rom msJeloba ori 

drois arsebobis Taobaze kritikas ver uZlebs. 

warsuli drois morfologiur niSnebad gamoiKo: -d (uwKvetlisa), 

-e, , -i i (wKvetilSi), u-i (I TurmeobiTSi), e-in in (II TurmeobiTSi). 

sagulisxmo faqtia, rom dasaxelebuli afiqsebi ZiriTadad 

sxvagvaradaa kvalificirebuli (zogJer erTsa da imave avtoreb- 

Tanac!): 

-d d _ namKo usrulis mwkrivis mawarmoebeli (arn. Ciqobava, 

1936, gv. 137; 1948, gv. 99); uwKvetlis mavrcobi (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 424); uwKvetlis niSani (a. kiziria, 1974, 

gv. 95)...

104 


e- _ vnebiTi gvaris niSani (arn. Ciqobava, 1967, gv. 49; a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 288); mianiSnebs konstruqciaSi iribi 

obieqtis povnierebaze (b. JorbenaZe, 1983, gv. 105). 

-in in _ kauzativis sufiqsi (arn. Ciqobava, 1967, gv. 46); SualobiTi 

kontaqtis niSani (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 360). 

-e _ namKo ZiriTadis fuZis mawarmoebeli (arn. Ciqobava, 

1967, gv. 49); wKvetilis mwkrivis niSani (a. SaniZe, 1973, 

gv. 429); aoristis Temis mawarmoebeli (T. gamKreliZe, 

g. mayavariani, 1965, gv. 240); TxrobiTi kilos mawarmoebeli 

(n. kotinovi, 1986, gv. 13). 

-i i _ wKvetilis mwkrivis niSani (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 427); 

ufunqcio, narTauli elementi (arn. Ciqobava, 1926); 

TxrobiTi kilos mawarmoebeli (n. kotinovi, 1986, gv. 13)... 

rogorc vxedavT, warsuli drois niSnad miCneuli afiqsebis 

morfologiuri kvalifikaciis sakiTxSi araa azrTa erTgvaroba. 

arsebobs urTierTgamomricxveli Tvalsazrisebic, magram 

CvenTvis amjamad arsebiTi isaa, rom isini ar arian drois gamomxatveli 

afiqsebi; azrTa aseTi sxvadasxvaobac swored amis mimaniSnebelia. 

a. SaniZesTan, romlis gramatikul naazrevSic dro zmnis 

erT-erT ZiriTad kategoriadaa miCneuli, drois morfologiur 

gamoxatvaze araa saubari. rogorc vnaxeT, sxva avtorebTan drois 

gramatikuli kategoriis niSnad miCneuli afiqsebi aq sxvagvaradaa 

kvalificirebuli. xazgasmiT aGniSnaven imas, rom `dro 

zmnis iseTi kategoriaa, romelsac niSani ar gaaCnia(!)~ (l. kvaya- 

Ze, 1981, gv. 233). 

Tu im Tvalsazriss davemKarebiT, rom `morfologiuri 

mniSvneloba SeiZleba gadmoices afiqsis gareSec~ (f. erTeliSvili, 

1965, gv. 178), drois morfologiuri mniSvneloba zmnis sa- 

Tanado struqturul models dauflebuli mniSvnelobaa (iqve, 

gv. 179), SeiZleboda drois morfologiur kategoriad miCneva. 

magram romelime warsuli drois gamomxatvel formaTaTvis _ 

v-wer-d-i 

da-v-wer-d-i 

da-v-wer-e 

da-m-i-wer-ia


da-m-e-wer-a 

da-m-e-wer-o-s _ 

gayirdeba im saerTo struqturuli modelis gamoKofa, romelsac 

miviCnevdiT warsuli drois gamomxatvelad. aseve iTqmis sxva 

drois aGmniSvnel formaTa Sesaxebac. 

amgvarad, im Tvalsazrisze damKareba, rom `morfologiuri 

kategoria saTanado afiqsebiT unda iqnes warmodgenili~, àma 

Tu im faqtis morfologiur kategoriad miCnevas morfologiuri 

niSnis qona-uqonloba wKvets~ _ dros morfologiur kategoriad 

ver gagvaazrebinebs. 

dro drois dro is gamo gamoxat gamo 

xat xatva xat va mo morfo mo 

rfo rfolo 

logi 

giurad gi rad ar xde xdeba xde 

ba ba. ba 

Tu davuSvebT, rom dro morfologiuri kategoriaa, esa 

Tu is zmnuri forma ama Tu im drois gamomxatvelia, maSin, TavisTavad, 

unda vigulisxmoT, rom erTi romelime mwkrivis forma 

nebismier konteqstSi mxolod erT droul mniSvnelobas unda 

gadmogvcemdes. a. SaniZe asec msJelobs: èlementebi daerqva 

mwkrivis farglebSi ucvalebel elementebs...~ ase namdvilad ar 

aris... 

* 

* * 

aris aris aris Tu Tu ara ara ara dro dro dro uc ucva uc 

va vale 

lebe 

beli be li er erTi er Ti mwkri mwkrivis mwkri 

vis far fargleb far 

gleb glebSi 

Si? Si ? 

sxvagvarad: erTi mwkrivis formas aqvs Tu ara mxolod erTi 

drois gageba? 

samecniero literaturaSi araerTgzis aGniSnula, rom ama 

Tu im mwkrivis formam, garda ZirTadi drouli mniSvnelobisa, 

garkveul konteqstSi sxva drois mniSvneloba SeiZleba gadmosces; 

magaliTad, aGniSnaven, rom èrTma da imave formam SeiZleba 

exlandelis gagebac mogvces da momavlisac~. aseTi `polisemiuri 

formebia: yams, brZanebs, aswavlis, scems, ganagrZobs, uKurebs, 

iZinebs, Seadgens, arCens, aTamaSebs da sxv...~ èrTi da igive 

forma SeiZleba erT SemTxvevaSi droiani iKos, sxva SemTxvevaSi 

ki _ udroo~ (a.SaniZe, 1973, gv. 204). drois mixedviT cvalebadobas 

a. SaniZe Cveulebriv mianiSnebs mwkrivTa daxasiaTebisas: 

àwmKo... dro umetesad axlandelia (vswavlob, vcxovrob, vwer, 

vaSeneb), magram SeiZleba momavlis gagebac hqondes (vwer, vaSeneb, 

105

106 


vaswavli)~ (iqve, gv. 218); àwmKos kavSirebTi... dro exlandelia 

an momavali~ (iqve, gv. 219); `mKofadi... dro umetsad momavalia~ 

(iqve, gv. 219)... `kavSirebiT kiloian mwkrivSi samive dro SeiZleba 

iqnes gadmocemuli: exlandeli, warsuli da momavalia~ (iqve, 

gv. 205), Tumca amgvar msJelobas ZiriTadi debuleba _ `dro ucvalebeli 

elementia erTi mwkrivis farglebSi~ _ ar Seucvlia. 

mwkrivTa drouli mniSvnelobis sakiTxebs ramdenime gamokvleva 

uZGvna l. geguCaZem. sakiTxis dawvrilebiTma Seswavlam 

Zalze saintereso suraTi warmoaCina. avtoris azriT: `drois 

gamoxatvis unaris TvalsazrisiT mwkrivebi SeiZleba pirobiTad 

ramdenime Jgufad davKoT: 

a) mwkrivebi, romelTac aqvT mxolod erTi drois mniSvneloba; 

b) mwkrivebi, romelTac unari aqvT gadmoscen ramdenime 

dro (ori an sami); 

g) mwkrivebi, romelTa drouli mniSvnelobis dadgena yirs 

(an SeuZlebelia); 

am mravalferovnebas ganapirobebs is, rom erTi da igive 

mwkrivi sxvadasxva konteqstSi da sxvadasxva mwkrivTan urTier- 

Tobisas xSirad gansxvavebul mniSvnelobas iZens~ (l. geguCaZe, 

1984, gv. 7). 

calkeul mwkrivTa drouli mniSvnelobis zogadi suraTi 

aseTia: àw aw awmKos mKos mwkrivs SeiZleba hqondes a x l a n d e l i, m o - 

m a v a l i an e. w. `z o g a d i a w m K o s~ mniSvneloba. 

namKo namKo uwKve uwKvete uwKve uwKvete 

teli te li mxolod w a r s u l i drois gamomxatvelia. 

awmKos awmKos kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi 

biTi 

Ti a x l a n d e l an m o m a v a l dros 

varaudobs. 

mKofa mKofadis mKofa dis mwkri mwkrivi mwkri 

vi gadmogvcems m o m a v a l an a x l a n - 

d e l dros. SeiZleba hqondes zogadi awmKos gagebac. 

mKofa mKofadis mKofa mKofadis 

dis xol xolme xol 

me meobi me bi biTi bi Ti w a r s u l i drois gadmomcemi 

mwkrivia, magram SeuZlia SeiTavsos m o m a v a l i drois mniSvnelobac. 

mKofa mKofadis mKofa dis kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTi bi Ti mxolod m o m a v a l i drois gagebiT 

gvxvdeba. 

wKve wKveti wKve wKveti 

tilis ti lis mwkrivs unari aqvs gamoxatos rogorc w a r - 

s u l i, ise m o m a v a l i dro.


II II kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTi biTi 

Ti m o m a v a l T a n erTad iTavsebs a x l a n - 

d e l i drois mniSvnelobasac. 

I I Tur Turme Tur Turme 

meobi me bi biTi 

Ti SeiZleba Segvxvdes a x l a n d e l i, w a r - 

s u l i an m o m a v a l i drois funqciiT. 

II II Tur Turme Tur Turme 

meobi me bi biTi bi Ti ZiriTadad n a m K o dros gadmoscems, magram 

misi kavSirebiTi kilos funqciiT xmarebisas SefardebiT 

m o m a v a l s gamoxatavs. 

III III kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi 

biTi bi Ti upiratesad w a r s u l dros iTvaliswinebs, 

mas SeiZleba hqondes m o m a v a l i drois gagebac~ (l. geguCaZe, 

1978, gv. 119). 

cxadia, es analizi amomwuravi ar aris; zogi ram SeiZleba 

kidev dazustebuliKo. mag.: wKvetilis formam SeiZleba garkveul 

SemTxvevaSi awmKo drois gagebac gadmosces. miuTiTeben, rom 

`brZanebiToba Tavisi bunebiT iseTi aqtia, romelic SeiZleba 

awmKoSi an momavalSi xorcieldebodes~ (f. erTeliSvili, 1956, 

gv. 307). aqedan gamomdinare, wKvetilis formisaTvis awmKo drois 

gagebac ar Cans uCveulo. specialur literaturaSi isic 

aris SeniSnuli, rom uzmniswino formebs namKo ZiriTadisas 

brZanebiTi kilos SemTxvevaSi awmKo drois gageba aqvs (f. erTeliSvili, 

1956). es asea da amis dasturad SeiZleba magaliTebi 

moviKvanoT: 

àq aq aqre aqre 

re, re sinaTle aq aqre aq 

re re, re me mainc avanTeb mas~ (y. lomT.); 

ìs is ismi 

mine 

ne, ne swavlis mZebnelo~ (d. guram.)... 

awmKos gagebas Seicavs agreTve wKvetilis pirveli piris 

forma zogi zmnisa msgavs SemTxvevaSi: 

èlizbari: me wa wave wa wave 

vedi ve di (wamodgeba), miriani: moica~ (a. Cx.); 

ùceb qalbatoni dora SeCerda da Tqva: `me wa wave wa 

ve vedi 

di~ di 

(T. yil.); 

àba ga gavi ga 

vi viqe 

qeci 

ci, ci Torem damagvianda~ (o. mamf.). 

miaCniaT, rom `me wavedi~, `gaviqeci~ marTlac awmKos gagebas 

Seicavs mocemul konteqstSi, oGond isini kalkebs warmoadgenen 

da amave dros maTi gamoKenebis are Zalian SezGudulia~ 

(g. kvaracxelia). Cven vsaubrobT enobriv faqtebze, romlebic 

dasturdeba Tanamedrove mxatvruli literaturis enaSi. maT 

107

108 


warmomavlobas amJerad CvenTvis naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs; amgvari 

warmoSobis araerTi forma dGes bunebriv qarTulad aGiqmeba. 

mTavari isaa, rom amgvari formebis gamoKeneba ar tovebs arabunebriobis 

STabeydilebas. 

SemTxveviTi arc is Cans, rom anton pirveli formebs _ Sehkar, 

SehkarT... _ `brZanebiTisa sqesisa awmKos~ uwodebs (antoni, 

gv. 25...). da saerTod, formaTa semantikuri analizisas antonis 

azri araerT kiTxvis niSans mogvixsnis... 

amgvarad, wKvetilis formisaTvis awmKo drois gamoxatvac 

ar aris ucxo. 

aseve: garda mKofadi da awmKo droebisa, II kavSirebiTis 

mwkrivs warsuli drois mniSvnelobac SeiZleba hqondes. am tipis 

_ `TiTqos eSinoda, aravis araferi vatkinoo~ _ winadadebaTa 

analizis Sedegad a. papiZe aseT daskvnas akeTebs: `TiT TiT TiTqos 

qos-o qos nawilakian 

konstruqciaSi moqceuli II kavSirebiTis nakvTi ukve 

warsuli drois kavSirebiTis gamomxatvelia, oGond iseTi warsulis, 

romelic Semdgomia mTavari winadadebis zmniT aGniSnul 

drosTan SedarebiT~ (a. papiZe, 1981(2), gv. 153). 

es saintereso msJelobaa, gaziarebulia da, Sesabamisad, daskvnac 

martivia: II kavSirebiTsac, msgavsad wKvetilisa da I TurmeobiTisa, 

samive drois gamoxatvis unari Seswevs. TiTo dros 

gamoxatavs mxolod uwKveteli da mKofadis kavSirebiTi; sxva 

mwkrivebi or-ori drois gamomxatvelia. 

m w k r i v i d r o 

awmKo 

axlandeli 

momavali 

zogadi awmKo. 

uwKveteli warsuli 

awmKos kavSirebiTi axlandeli 

momavali 

mKofadi momavali 

axlandeli 

xolmeobiTi momavali 

warsuli 

mKofadis kavSirebiTi momavali


wKvetili warsuli 

momavali 

axlandeli 

II kavSirebiTi momavali 

axlandeli 

warsuli 

I TurmeobiTi axlandeli 

warsuli 

momavali 

II TurmeobiTi warsuli 

momavali 

III kavSirebiTi warsuli 

momavali 

TerTmeti mwkrividan mxolod erT dros gamoxatavs ori 

mwkrivi; or dros gamoxatavs xuTi mwkrivi; sam dros _ sami 

mwkrivi; awmKos mwkrivs sami drouli gageba SeiZleba hqondes 

(erTi _ zogadi awmKo, anu daclilia konkretuli drouli 

mniSvnelobisagan). 

faqti Zalian STambeydavad gveCveneba. kiTxvaze _ aris Tu 

ara dro morfologiuri kategoria? _ uarKofiTi pasuxi unda 

gaeces: 

1. ar xdeba drois gamoxatva morfologiuri saSualebiT; 

2. erTi da igive forma ama Tu im mwkrivisa sxvadasxva konteqstSi 

sxvadasxva drois gagebas iZens. anu mwkrivis formas 

droul mniSvnelobas konteqsti aniyebs. konteqstis buneba da 

xasiaTi, konstruqciaSi Semavali wevrebi Seapirobeben am formis 

droul gagebas. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom specialur literaturaSi orive am 

momentze gvxvdeba miniSneba, ZiriTadi debuleba _ dro morfologiuri 

kategoriaa; dro ucvalebeli elementia formisa _ ZalaSi 

rCeba. 

rogorc Cans, daSveba imisa, rom dro cvalebadi elementia 

mwkrivis formisa, niSnavs drois morfologiuri kategoriis 

uarKofas: Tu forma TavisTavad Seicavs ama Tu im drois mniSvnelobas, 

misi cvla ar unda xdebodes konteqstis cvlis Sesaba- 

109

110 


misad. konstruqciis sxva wevrTa mniSvneloba da Tavad konstruqciis 

tipi drouli mniSvnelobis cvlas ar unda iwvevdes. SedarebisaTvis: 

morfologiuri kategoriebia piri, ricxvi, qceva, kontaqti. 

forma v-a-ke ke keTeb keTeb 

Teb-in Teb in in-eb in eb eb-T eb am kategoriaTa mixedviT ase daxasiaTdeba: 

I subieqturi piri, mravlobiTi ricxvi, neitraluri 

qceva, SualobiTi kontaqti. nebismier konteqstSi warmoadgenili 

am formis morfologiuri daxasiaTeba am kategoriaTa mixedviT 

ucvleli iqneba. anda: m-i-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-s eb _ III subieqturi piri, I obieqturi 

piri, saobieqto qceva, uSualo kontaqti _ am morfologiur 

maxasiaTebelTa cvla konteqstze araa damokidebuli. mizezi 

martivia: aGniSnuli kategoriebi morfologiuri (gramatikuli) 

kategoriebia. drois kategoria ver dadgeba amaT gverdiT. 

roca mianiSneben erTi da imave formis mier sxvadasxva 

drouli mniSvnelobis gamoxatvis SesaZleblobaze, saubroben ZiriTad 

droul funqciaze. romelia ZiriTadi drouli mniSvneloba 

ga gaake ga 

ke keTe ke Te formisaTvis _ warsuli Tu momavali? warsulSi 

erTgzisi, dasrulebuli moqmedebis gamoxatva Tu momavalSi Sesasrulebel 

moqmedebaze KuradGebis miqceva? vfiq vfiqrobT vfiq vfiqrobT 

robT, 

, ori orive ori 

ve ve. ve 

II piris warTqmiTi brZanebiTis gamoxatva mxolod am formiT 

xdeba. riT SeiZleba aixsnas an dasabuTdes, rom frazaSi _ `gibrZaneb, 

gaakeTe!~ _ ukanaskneli formis drouli mniSvneloba 

warsulia, magram am SemTxvevaSi momavals gamoxatavs? amgvari 

msJeloba, vfiqrobT, alogikuric iqneba. pasuxs moiTxovs kiTxvac: 

Tu ga gaake ga ke keTe ke Te formis ZiriTadi drouli mniSvneloba warsulia, 

ra ra ani aniyebs ani yebs mas mas am am ga gage ga gage 

gebas ge bas sa saTa sa 

Ta Tana 

nado na do kon konteq kon 

teq teqst 

stSi 

Si, Si anda ra ra iw iwvevs iw vevs 

sxva sxva Se SemTxve Se SemTxve 

mTxveva 

vaSi va Si mo moma mo 

ma mava 

vali va li dro drois dro 

is mn mniSvne mn Svne Svnelo Svnelo 

lobis lo bis mi miniye mi 

ye yebas 

bas. bas sxvagvarad: 

warsuli drois mniSvnelobis gamocvlas? da, saerTod, 

konteqstis gareSe, izolirebulad, SeiZleba Tu ara zmnuri 

forma daxasiaTdes drouli mniSvnelobis mixedviT? 

roca erTi da igive forma sxvadasxva konteqstSi SeiZleba 

sxvadasxva drouli mniSvnelobiT mogvevlinos, TavisTavad cxadia, 

konteqstis gareSe droul mniSvnelobaze saubari gaumar- 

Tlebeli xdeba. 

SedarebisaTvis: forma kac konteqstis gareSe ar SeiZleba 

daxasiaTdes rogorc subieqti, an iribi obieqti, an pirdapiri 

obieqti; sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi Kvela maTganis gamoxatva SeiZleba 

ikisros:


kacs kacs uTqvams _ subieqtia, 

kacs kacs uTxra _ iribi obieqtia, 

kacs kacs klavs _ pirdapiri obieqtia. 

roca vmsJelobT konteqstze, formis gareT arsebul drouli 

mniSvnelobis Semapirobebel movlenebze, KuradGebis gareSe 

ver davtovebT intonacias; magaliTisaTvis: 

_ moitane. _ pasuxi kiTxvaze: gamoican, movitane Tu ar 

momitania? 

_ moitane! _ pasuxi kiTxvaze: movitano? 

orive SemTxvevaSi wKvetilis forma winadadebis tolfasia. 

sxvaobas intonacia qmnis. es sxvaoba drouli sxvaobis safuZvelia. 

am SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva intonacias sxvadasxva kilos gageba Semoaqvs. 

sxvadasxva kilos gagebis Semotana sxvadasxva drouli mniSvnelobis 

safuZvelia. am SemTxvevaSi intonacia konteqstis tolfasia. 

es ukanaskneli magaliTi imis dasturicaa, rom calke 

aGebul zmnur formaze msJeloba drouli mniSvnelobis gasarkvevad 

SeuZleblad migvaCnia: formis warmoTqmas KovelTvis axlavs 

garkveuli intonacia; wKvetils, Cveulebriv, TxrobiTi. es ki 

qmnis STabeydilebas, rom formis drouli mniSvneloba warsulia. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna es daskvna moulodneli aGmoCnda zogi specialistisaTvis, 

amitom gancxadebis doneze xdeba misi 

uarKofa: `ver gaviziarebT im azrs, TiTqos konteqstis 

gareSe ar SeiZlebodes msJeloba ama Tu im 

mwkrivis droul mniSvnelobaze~ (z. yumburiZe, 

2001, gv. 197), Tumca ratom ver gaiziarebs, anda 

ra kontrargumentebi aqvs avtors am debulebis sawinaaGmdegod, 

ar Cans... 

aseve SeiZleboda msJeloba sxva mwkrivis Sesaxebac. konteqtis 

gaTvaliswineba KovelTvis iqneba sayiro drois mixedviT polisemantikuri 

formebis droul mniSvnelobebze msJelobisas. 

ama Tu im formis `ZiriTad~ da àraZiriTad~ droul mniSvnelobaze 

msJeloba imis mixedviT, rogoria sixSire ama Tu im 

mniSvnelobis gamovlenisa, aseve ar Cans gamarTlebuli. faqtia: 

awmKos mwkrivis formis axlandeli drois mniSvnelobiT gamoKene- 

111

112 


bis SemTxvevebi gacilebiT yarbobs imave formis momavali drois 

mniSvnelobiT gamoKenebis SemTxvevebs; iseve rogorc wKvetilis 

formis SemTxvevSi momavali drois mniSvnelobas _ warsuli 

drois mniSvnelobiT gamoKenebis SemTxvevebi. niSnavs es imas, rom 

awmKos mwkrivis formis ZiriTadi drouli mniSvneloba axlandelia, 

xolo wKvetilisa _ warsuli? vfiqrobT, ara. radgan: aq im 

faqtoris gaTvaliswinebaa aucilebeli, rom ena enaSi ena Si six sixSi six 

Si Sire Si re im- 

im 

gvar gvar kon konstruq kon konstruq 

struqci 

ciaTa ci Ta Ta, 

, ro roml ro 

ml mlebSic ml Sic sa saana sa na nali 

lizo li zo mwkrivis for forma for 

ma ee. 

e 

. 

w. . . `Zir Zir ZirTi 

Tiadi Ti di dro drouli dro li li mniS mniSvne mniS ne nelo nelo 

lobiT 

biT~ biT ~ gvxvde gvxvdeba gvxvde gvxvdeba 

ba, ba , ga gaci ga 

ci cile 

lebiT le biT 

yar yarbobs yar bobs ee. 

e 

. w. . àra ara araZi 

Ziri Ziri 

riTad ri Tad dro drouli dro li mniS mniSvne mniS 

vne vnelo 

lobis 

bis~ bis ~ mi mimni mi 

mni mniye 

yebel ye bel 

kon konstr kon konstr 

struqci str ci ciaTa ci Ta six sixSi six 

Si Sires Sires 

res. res 

swored am msJelobam aTqmevina z. yumburiZes: `diax, swored 

es faqtori (sixSire _ g. g.) gansazGvravs mwkrivis ZiriTad 

droul mniSvnelobas. magram amJerad Tavi davaneboT imas, Tu ra 

rols asrulebs sixSire ama Tu im formis `ZiriTadi~ da àraZiriTadi~ 

drouli mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb warmodgenis CamoKalibebaSi. 

xom faqtia, rom wKvetilis ZiriTadi drouli mniSvneloba 

aris warsuli drois gamoxatva, sxva droebis gamoxatvis funqcia 

ki mas ekisreba mxolod sagangebo konteqstSi, gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi!~ 

(z. yumburiZe, 2001, gv. 197). arcerT Cvens SekiTxvaze 

pasuxi ar aris gacemuli da sapirispiro daskvnas warmoadgens 

avtori. `xom `faqtiao~ _ ratom aris faqti? ras niSnavs `sagangebo 

konteqsti~, romelic aniyebs formas am droul mniSvnelobas? 

e. i. konteqsti gansazGvravs, xom?.. 

msJeloba gagvigrZelda. 

daskvna aseTia: d r o a r a r i s m o r f o l o g i u r i 

k a t e g o r i a, radgan: a) a r x d e b a m i s i g a m o x a t v a m o - 

r f o l o g i u r a d; b) d r o u l i m n i S v n e l o b a c v a l e b a - 

d i a e r T i m w k r i v i s f a r g l e b S i. konteqsti gareSe formis 

drouli mniSvneloba ver gairkveva; d r o i s g a g e b a s 

f o r m a s k o n t e q s t i a n i y e b s. 

SevniSnavT imas, rom l. geguCaZis zemowarmodgenili msJeloba 

aris erT-erTi mTavari argumenti amgvari daskvnisa, Tumca 

avtori amgvari Sefasebisagan Tavs ikavebs... 

is faqtebi, rom uwKvetlisa da mKofadis kavSirebiTis 

formebs mxolod erTi drouli mniSvneloba aqvT, daskvnas ver 

Secvlis; aGniSnul mwkrivTa formebi ar aris Sesabamis drul


mniSvnelobaTa morfologiuri gamoxatva. Cven es problema ase 

gvesmis: am mwkrivTa formebis drouli mniSvnelobis gamoxatvis 

SesaZlebloba erTis tolia. aris mwkrivebi, romelTaTvis es SesaZlebloba 

oris tolia da iseTebic, romelTa SesaZlebloba 

samis tolia. ufro metic, iseTi formebic gvaqvs, romlebic garkveul 

konteqstSi daclilia drouli mniSvnelobisagan (e. w. 

zogadi awmKo). e. i. erTsa da imave zmnur formas SeiZleba hqondes 

ramdenime drouli mniSvnelobis gadmocemis SesaZlebloba. 

maTgan konkretul SemTxvevaSi mxolod erT-erTia realizebuli. 

SedarebisaTvis: moTxrobiTi brunva mxolod subieqtis 

brunvaa. sxva funqciiT igi winadadebaSi ar SeiZleba Segvxvdes. 

saxelobiTi _ subieqtisa da pirdapiri obieqtisa; micemiTi _ 

subieqtis, pirdapiri obieqtisa da iribi obieqtisa. 

4444....4444. . . . ki kilo ki kilo 

lo, lo, 


gorc gorc zmnis zmnis zmnis zmnis kate ka ka kate 

tego tego 

goria goria 

ria ria 

mwkrivTa daxasiaTebisas drois tolfas kategoriad miiCneva 

kiloc. rogorc iTqva, es im faqtidanac Cans, rom mwkrivis 

aGmniSvnel terminad `dro-kiloc~ ixmareba da, Sesabamisad, 

uGvlilebis sistemas `dro-kiloTa~ sistemas vuwodebT. 

gavixsenoT msJeloba: èlementebi daerqva mwkrivis farglebSi 

uc ucva uc 

va vale 

lebel le bel ka kate ka 

te tego tego 

gori gori 

riebs 

ebs, ebs romlebic mis xerxemals warmoadgenen. 

qarTulSi mwkrivis elementebia: dro, kilo...~ (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 116). kiTxvas am SemTxvevaSic amgvarad vsvamT: 

aris Tu ara kilo morfologiuri kategoria da, Sesabamisad, 

ucvalebeli erTi mwkrivis farglebSi? 

kilo ufro rTul kategoriad gvesaxeba, vidre dro. kilos 

kategoriasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxTa sirTules isic Seapirobebs, 

rom JerJerobiT sakamaToa, Kovel SemTxvevaSi, azrTa sxvadasxvaobas 

iwvevs am kategoriaSi Semaval erTeulTa raodenoba. 

arn. Ciqobavas azriT, kilo qarTulSi oTxia: TxrobiTi, 

brZanebiTi, kavSirebiTi da pirobiTi (arn. Ciqobava, 1967, gv. 48). 

ufro adrindel SromaSi avtori xuT kilos gamoKofs: 

TxrobiTi, brZanebiTi, pirobiTi, natvriTi, kavSirebiTi (SeniSvniT: 

`kavSirebiTis qceva kilod meoreuli movlenaa~) (arn. Ciqobava, 

1952, gv. 276). 

113

114 


a. SaniZis azriT: `gvaqvs sami kilo: TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi 

da brZanebiTi~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 204). sainteresoa is faqti, 

rom `safuZvlebSi~ Semdgom msJelobaSi ganixileba Txov Txovni Txov Txovni 

niTi Ti ki- 

ki 

lo lo (mTis dialeqtebisaTvis damaxasiaTebladaa miCneuli) (iqve, 

gv. 207) da ak akrZal ak 

rZal rZalvi rZalvi 

viTi 

Ti: Ti àkrZalviTs, anu ukuTqmiT brZanebiTs, 

sakuTari mwkrivi ar gaaCnda da arc amjamad gaaCnia. saKuradGeboa, 

rom is warmTqmiTi brZanebiTis mwkrivs ki ar sargeblobs, 

aramed sxva kiloTagan sesxulobs formebs~ (iqve, gv. 207). 

avtori kilos kategoriis ganxilvisas Tanmimdevrulad, 

cal-calke paragrafebad warmoadgens `TxrobiT kilos~ ($ 248), 

`kavSirebiT kilos~ ($ 249), `brZanebiT kilos~ ($ 250), `TxovniT 

kilos~ ($ 255). amas mosdevs paragrafi àkrZalviTi~ ($ 255). paragrafSi 

akrZalviTs kilod ar moixseniebs, magram msJelobis 

Tanmimdevroba mas dasaxelebul kiloTa rigSi aKenebs. calke paragrafad 

gamoKofac amas unda niSnavdes. 

kidev ori kiloa gamoKofili `safuZvlebSi~: pi piro pi 

ro robiTi ro Ti da 

Se Sede Se 

de dego dego 

gobi gobi 

biTi 

Ti: Ti `p i r o b i T i a zmnis forma, romelic romelsame 

moqmedebas warmogvidgens rogorc aucilebel pirobas meore moqmedebis 

Sesasruleblad. is gvxvdeba damokidebul winadadebaSi. 

S e d e g o b i T i a zmnis forma, romelic gviCvenebs, rom zmniT 

aGniSnuli moqmedeba moxdeboda, Tu saTanado piroba iqneboda 

Sesrulebuli~ (iqve, gv. 209). 

amdenad, kilos kategoriis ganmartebisas ($ 247. kilos raoba) 

sami kilo iqna gamoKofili: TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi, brZanebiTi. 

Semdgom msJelobaSi daemata: TxovniTi, akrZalviTi, pirobi- 

Ti da SedegobiTi. 

amaTgan pirveli sami imiT gansxvavdeba danarCenebisagan, avtoris 

azriT, rom `mwkrivebis SeqmnaSi iGeben monawileobas~. 

rogorc vxedavT, gamoiKo Svidi kilo. maTi daJgufeba da 

daxasiaTeba aseTia: 

Txro Txrobi Txro Txrobi 

biTi 

Ti, Ti , kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTi biTi 

Ti, Ti , brZa brZane brZa 

ne nebi 

biTi bi Ti _ monawileoben mwkrivebis 

SeqmnaSi; 

Txov Txovni Txov Txovni 

niTi ni Ti _ mTis kiloebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli; 

ak akrZal ak 

rZal rZalvi 

viTi vi Ti _ sakuTari mwkrivi ar gaaCnia, sxva kiloTagan 

sesxulobs formebs; 

pi piro pi 

ro robi 

biTi 

Ti, Ti , Se Sede Se 

de dego 

gobi 

biTi bi Ti _ sakuTari mwkrivis forma ar gaaC-


niaT; arc mwkrivebis SeqmnaSi iGeben monawileobas. 

mxolod warmodgenili Tvalsazrisebis gacnobac sakmarisia, 

rom gakeTdes daskvna, ramdenad rTulia da sakamaTo kilos kategoria. 

samravle da azrTa sxvadasxvaoba kilos kategoriaSi Semaval 

erTeulTa Sesaxeb praqtikuli gramatikebidan moKolebuli 

dGemde grZeldeba. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna iseve rogorc drois kategoriis SemTxvevaSi, kilos 

kategoriis raobis sakiTxi problemuria da 

azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs sxva enebSic. magali- 

TisaTvis: rusul enaSi `raodenoba, kilos Semadgenloba 

da urTierTdamokidebuleba maT Soris 

sxvadasxva gramatikaSi sxvadasxvagvarad ganisazGvreba~. 

a. Saxmatovi Svid erTeuls gamoKofs 

kilos kategoriaSi; a. potebnia _ oTxs, v. vinogradovi 

_ oTxs (kiloTa saxeobani ar emTxveva 

a. potebnias Tvalsazriss). `rusuli enis akademiur 

gramatikaSi~ sami kiloa gamoKofili (1980, gv. 

619). 

saswavlo daniSnulebisaTvis gamiznul gamocemebSi kilos 

samwevriani sistemaa warmodgenili: TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi da 

brZanebiTi (a. SaniZe, 1980, gv. 107; l. kvayaZe, 1981, gv. 236). Cveulebriv, 

es Tvalsazrisia gaziarebuli. 

sagangebod gvinda SevCerdeT erT Tvalsazrisze, kerZod im 

cdaze, romlis mixedviTac kilos ori saxeoba SeiZleba gamoiKos: 

re realu re 

lu luri ri ki kilo ki 

lo da ire irealu ire ire lu luri lu ri ki kilo ki 

lo lo. lo `sauGlebel erTeulTa ZiriTadi 

nawili kilouri TvalsazrisiT or Jgufad SeiZleba 

gaiKos: 1) nakvTebi, romlebic gadmoscemen realuri moqmedebis, 

realuri kilos Sinaarss da b) nakvTebi, romlebic irealuri kilos 

Sinaarss gadmoscemen. realuri iqneba kilo, romelSic 

gamoxatulia mosaubris Tvalsazrisi, _ zmnis moqmedeba gagebul 

iqnes rogorc faqti, _ Sesrulebuli an Sesasrulebeli. irealuri 

iqneba kilo, romelSic gamoxatulia mosaubris Tvalsazrisi, 

_ zmnis moqmedeba gagebuli iqnes rogorc saeyvo, SesaZlebeli 

savaraudo movlena, irealoba~ (a. papiZe, 1984(1), gv. 15). 

kilos tradiciul erTeulebs (kavSirebiTi, natvriTi, pirobi- 

Ti...) am ori ZiriTadi erTeulis (realuri, irealuri) semanti- 

115

116 


kur JgufSi Semaval erTeulebad ganixilavs (iqve): avtori msJelobs 

imis Taobaze, rom kilo rTuli kategoriaa; misi saxeebis 

gamoKofa-gansazGvrebaSi gadamwKveti mniSvneloba aqvs im poziciis 

gaTvaliswinebas, romelSic saanalizo zmnaa moqceuli (gv. 

14); rom ìrealur moqmedebaTa sxvadasxva saxis gadmosacemad 

enaSi mTeli sistemaa Seqmnili: gramatikuli forma, irealur da 

realur moqmedebaTa gamomxatveli zmnebis hipotaqsuri mimarTeba, 

nawilak-morfemoidebi da maTi urTierTmimarTebiT Sedgenili 

modelebi~ (gv. 16); rom `Tanamedrove qarTulSi irealobis 

sxvadasxva saxis, sxvadasxva modalobis gadmosacemad ZiriTadi da 

ganmsazGvrelia winadadebaTa konstruqcia~ (gv. 16) _ gvaZlevs 

uflebas, eyvi SevitanoT amgvarad gagebuli kilos kategoriis 

morfologiurobaSi. amas Semdgomi msJelobac uyers mxars. rac 

tovebs aSkara STabeydilebas, rom kilo ar aris morfologiuri 

kategoria, Tumca amgvar daskvnas avtori erideba... 

amdenad, kilos kategoriis arseboba sadavod ar aris gamxdari. 

Kvela SemTxvevaSi igi morfologiur (gramatikul) kategoriad 

gaiazreba. kategoriis erTeulTa raodenoba ki sxvadasxva 

avtorTan mniSvnelovnad merKeobs. mTlianobaSi ki aseTi suraTi 

gvaqvs _ gamoiKo kilo 

1. T x r o b i T i 

2. k a v S i r e b i T i 

3. b r Z a n e b i T i 

4. T x o v n i T i 

5. a k r Z a l v i T i 

6. p i r o b i T i 

7. S e d e g o b i T i 

8. n a t v r i T i da 

9. r e a l u r i 

10. i r e a l u r i (es ori ukanaskneli wesiT amaT 

rigSi ar unda CavaKenoT, isini gancalkevebiT dganan da moicaven 

danarCenebs rogorc TiToeul maTganSi Semaval semantikur er- 

Teulebs). 

SevniSneT isic, rom saswavlo miznebisaTvis gamiznul gamocemebSi 

sam ZiriTad erTeuls gamoKofen: TxrobiTs, kavSirebiTsa 

da brZanebiTs.


rogorc drois kategoriis SemTxvevaSi, daisva sakiTxi kilos 

kategoriis niSnis Ziebisa (cxadia: morfologiur kategorias 

niSani unda hqondes!). kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi gamovlenili 

-a, , -e, , -o sufiqsebi kavSirebiTi kilos morfologiur niSnebadaa 

gaazrebuli (n. kotinovi, 1959, gv. 388-389; 1986, gv. 13). 

Se SeniS Se 


vna: vna unda aGiniSnos isic, rom, Tu avtori erT SemTxvevaSi 

aGniSnul sufiqsebs kavSirebiTi kilos 

mawarmoeblad miiCnevs _ `kavSirebiTs qarTulSi 

ramdenime mawarmoebeli sufiqsi moepoveba, esenia: 

-e, , -a, , -i, , , -o sufiqsebi~ (n. kotinovi, 1986, gv. 28) 

_ sxva SemTxvevaSi aGniSnuli sufiqsebi mwkrivis 

mawarmoebel elementebad gaiazreba: `kavSirebiTi 

meore namKo srulis formidan momdinareobs. misi 

mawarmoebeli sufiqsebia: -e, , -a, , -o~ (iqve, gv. 14); 

`Zvel qarTulSi kavSirebiT pirvels ori mawarmoebeli 

aqvs...~ (iqve, gv. 22). 

saKovelTaod gaziarebuli Tvalsazrisis mixedviT ki, igive 

afiqsebi mwkrivis mawarmoebeli formantebia da ara kilosi (a. 

SaniZe, 1973, gv. 425, 433; arn. Ciqobava, 1936, gv. 139, 142; v. Tofuria, 

1967, gv. 167...). 

roca aris msJeloba kilos morfologiur gamoxatvaze, saubaria 

mxolod kavSirebiTze; TxrobiTisa da brZanebiTis kiloTa 

morfologiuri gamoxatva ar xdebao. gamodis: kilos samwevriani 

sistemidan (rogorc iTqva, zogi klasifikaciiT kiloTa raodenoba 

metia...) markirebulia erTi; es TavisTavad eyvqveS svams sakiTxs 

a, , e, , o sufiqsTa amgvari kvalifikaciisas. am winaaGmdegobis 

moxsnis cdaa kilos orwevriani sistemis daSveba, rac aseve 

sadavod migvaCnia. 

SeiZleboda, ar gveZebna kilos kategoriis gamomxatveli morfologiuri 

elementi da am kategoriis gamomxatvelad ama Tu 

im mwkrivis forma CagveTvala (formis struqtura, Kalibi), rom 

erTi arsebiTi xasiaTis dabrkoleba ar iKos: 

Tu davuSvebT, rom mwkrivis forma aris ama Tu im kilos 

morfologiuri gamoxatuleba, maSin ama Tu im formas mxolod 

erTi kilouri mniSvneloba unda hqondes. aGniSnaven kidec, rom 

117

118 


kilos kategoria erTi mwkrivis farglebSi ucvalebeli kategoriaa 

(a. SaniZe, l. kvayaZe...). 

aris ki ase? mivmarTavT isev specialur literaturas: 

a. . Sa Sani Sa 

ni niZe 

Ze: Ze : `...SeiZleba, rom mwkrivi, romelic umTavresad 

erT kilos emsaxureba, zog SemTxvevaSi sxva kilos gadmosacemad 

iKos gmoKenebuli~ (1973, gv. 208); `damoukideblad (ukavSirod) 

xmarebuli kavSirebiTi SeiZleba brZanebiTad iqnes gamoKenebuli: 

wavides! wavideT!~ (iqve, gv. 205); `brZanebiTi kilos sakuTari 

formebi ar gaaCnia, iKenebs an TxrobiT, an kavSirebiT kilos 

formebs~ (iqve, gv. 206-207). 

l. . kva kvaya kva 

ya yaZe 

Ze: Ze `TxrobiTi kilos formam imave kilos sxva formasTan 

mimarTebiT SeiZleba axali kilos mniSvneloba moipovos~ 

(1981, gv. 238). 

a. . pa papi pa 

pi piZe 

Ze: Ze ìrealuri kilos gamomxatveli zmnuri erTeulebi 

garkveul SemTxvevaSi iZenen irealuri kilos Sinaarss~ (a. 

papiZe, 1981(1) gv. 14). 

n. . . ko koti ko koti 

tino tino 

novi 

vi: vi `kavSirebiTi sxva kiloebsac gadmoscems: igi 

Zvel qarTulSi ZiriTadi saSualebaa TxrobiTi kilos mKofadis 

gadmosacemad, erTaderTi saSualebaa pirveli piris mravlobiTi 

ricxvis brZanebiTi kilos gamosaxatavad da erT-erT saSualebas 

warmoadgens meore da mesame piris brZanebiTis gadmosacemad. 

gamodis, rom kavSirebiTi kilo asrulebs samive kilos _ kavSirebiTis, 

TxrobiTisa da brZanebiTis _ funqciebs~ (n. kotinovi, 

1986, gv. 36). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis formaTa kilos formebad 

gaazrebam amgvar msJelobamdec migviKvana: kavSirebiTi 

kilo gadmoscems TxrobiT (brZanebiT, kavSirebiT) 

kilos. rac igivea, vamtkicoT, moTxrobiTi 

brunva gadmoscems micemiT brunvas. 

amgvarad, faqtia, rom erTi da igive zmnuri forma sxvadasxva 

SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva kilouri mniSvnelobis gamomxatveli 

SeiZleba iKos. sxvagvarad: kilouri mniSvnelobis cvla damaxasia- 

Tebelia ama Tu im zmnuri formisaTvis; kilo araa ucvalebeli 

kategoria erTi mwkrivis formebSi. 

samecniero literaturaSi imasac aGniSnaven, rom kilouri


mniSvnelobis gamovlenas konteqsti Seapirobebs. 

gavixsenoT: ukavSirod xmarebuli kavSirebiTis mwkrivi 

brZanebiTi kilos funqcias iZens (a. SaniZe). gamodis: kavSirebi- 

Tis funqcia konteqstiTaa Sepirobebuli. im konteqsturi garemos 

moSla kilouri mniSvnelobis cvlas iwvevs. 


ya yaZe 

Ze: Ze àm ori kilos gageba (pirobiTisa da Sedegobi- 

Tis) TxrobiTs formas konteqstSi eZleva~ (1981, gv. 238); `kav- 

SirebiTis forma calke naklebad ixmareba. igi Cveulebriv mTavarTan 

r o m kavSiriT SeerTebul winadadebaSi gvxvdeba~ (iqve, 

gv. 236). 

a. . pa papi pa papi 

piZe 

Ze: Ze : àm konstruqciaTa analizs im daskvnamde 

mivKavarT, rom Tanamedrove qarTulSi irealobis sxvadasxva saxis, 

sxvadasxva modalobis gadmosacemad ZiriTadi da ganmsazGvrelia 

winadadebaTa konstruqcia~ (1983, gv. 16). 

garda amisa, Cven SesaZlebloba gvqonda gvekvlia II seriis 

mwkrivTa kilouri mniSvnelobis sakiTxi. aGmoCnda, rom wKvetilis 

formas sxvadasxva konteqstSi sxvadasxva kilos gamoxatvis 

SesaZlebloba aqvs: 

kilo TxrobiTia: àm KofiT ga gavSor ga gavSor 

vSordi vSor di vladikavkazs da piri 

Cemi qveKnisaken vqeni~ (ilia). 

kilo brZanebiTia: `Sen aas aasru aas 

ru rule 

le, le rasac gibrZaneben!~ (akaki). 

kilo kavSirebiTia: `Tu is imereli wa waaq wa 

aq aqcie 

cie, cie rac ginda 

mTxove~ (m. Javax.). 

magaliTebis gazrda usasrulod SeiZleba. 

aseve: meore kavSirebiTis mwkrivis formiT SeiZleba gadmoices 

rogorc kavSirebiTi kilos mniSvneloba, aseve TxrobiTi da 

brZanebiTi kilos mniSvnelobebi. mag.: 

ègeb da damZi da 

mZi mZiros mZiros 

ros morevma~ (vaja) _ kilo kavSirebiTia; 

`da da davdgeT 

vdgeT iq, sadac qariSxalia~ (galaktioni) _ kilo brZanebiTia; 

àm Semodgomaze veGar da daiyi da 

yi yiros yi ros Cirikma xelT mayris Jami~ 

(g. leoniZe) _ kilo TxrobiTia (a. papiZe, 1981(2), gv. 150). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna am sakiTxebze msJeloba gvqonda wignSi `dro-kiloTa 

meore seriis formebi axal qarTulSi~ 

(g. gogolaSvili, 1984(2), gv. 18-28). 

119

120 


magaliTebis gazrda Kvela SemTxvevisTvisaa SesaZlebeli. 

warmodgenili msJeloba da faqtebi cxadKofs, rom ama Tu im 

mwkrivis formas qarTulSi aqvs SesaZlebloba sxvadasxva kilouri 

mniSvnelobis gamoxatvisa. 

iseve rogorc drois kategoriis SemTxvevaSi, aqac msJeloben 

`ZiriTad, amosaval~ da `meoreul, SeZenil~ kilour mniSvnelobaze. 

Tumca ar Cans pasuxi kiTxvaze: roca erTsa da imave 

formas ramdenime kilos gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba aqvs, ris mixedviT 

unda mieces kvalifikacia ZiriTadi da araZiriTadi mniSvnelobisa? 

sixSiruli monacemi ama Tu im mniSvnelobis gamovlenisa 

ar unda iKos enobrivi faqtis Sefasebis ZiriTadi kriteriumi; 

kiTxva, romelic drois kategoriis mimarT daisva, unda gavimeoroT: 

ra aniyebs mwkrivis formas e. w. `ZiriTad kilour 

mniSvnelobas~; anda, ra aris is, rac erT konteqstSi gamovlenili 

`ZiriTadi kilouri mniSvnelobis~ gaqrobas da axali kilouri 

mniSvnelobis miniyebas iwvevs? 

faqtia: 1. ar xdeba kilos gamoxatva morfologiuri saSualebebiT. 

2. erTi da igive forma ama Tu im mwkrivisa sxvadasxva konteqstSi 

sxvadasxva kilos gagebas iZens. sxvagvarad: kilour mniSvnelobas 

ama Tu im mwkrivis formas konteqsti aniyebs. konteqstis 

saxeoba, konstruqciaSi Semaval wevrTa semantika Seapirobeben 

formis kilour mniSvnelobas. 

rogorc iTqva, specialur literaturaSi orive am momentze 

gvxvdeba miniSneba, magram ZiriTadi debuleba _ k i l o m o - 

r f o l o g i u r i k a t e g o r i a a; k i l o u c v a l e b e l i 

e l e m e n t i a e r T i m w k r i v i s f a r g l e b S i _ ZalaSi 

rCeboda. 

saerTod, aris ki SesaZlebeli calke aGebuli, konteqstisagan 

izolirebuli, zmnuri formis kilour mniSvnelobaze saubari? 

vfiqrobT, ara: rogorc zemoT moKvanili Tvalsazrisebidan 

Cans, TiTqmis Kvela SemTxvevaSi xdeba gaTvaliswineba konteqstis 

xasiaTisa, konstruqciis saxeobisa ama Tu im formis kilouri 

mniSvnelobis daxasiaTebisas. 

kilouri mniSvnelobis gamovlena rom konteqstzea damokidebuli, 

amis gamoa isic, rom araa erTgvarovani azri kiloTa 

raodenobis Sesaxeb. morfologiuri kategoria, formobrivad Se-


pirobebuli mniSvneloba amgvar sxvadasxvaobas kategoriis Semadgenel 

erTeulTa raodenobis Sesaxeb ar unda iZleodes. 

iseve, rogorc drois kategoriis SemTxvevaSi, ama Tu im 

formis `ZiriTad~ da `meoreul~ kilour mniSvnelobaze msJeloba 

imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria sixSire romelime kilouri mniSvnelobis 

gamovlenisa, aseve ar Cans gamarTlebuli. faqtia, wKvetilis 

formis gamoKenebis SemTxvevebi TxrobiTi kilos mniSvnelobiT 

ufro xSiria, vidre brZanebiTi Tu kavSirebiTi kilos 

mniSvnelobiT... es ki Sedegia imisa, rom enaSi imgvar konstruqciaTa 

sixSire, romelSic wKvetilis formas TxrobiTi kilos 

mniSvneloba aqvs, yarbobs im tipis konstruqciaTa sixSires, romelSic 

igive forma sxva kilour mniSvnelobas iZens. aseve SeiZleba 

iTqvas sxva mwkrivis formaTa Sesaxebac. 

daskvna aseTia: k i l o a r a r i s m o r f o l o g i u r i 

k a t e g o r i a, radgan: a) a r x d e b a m i s i g a m o x a t v a m o - 

r f o l o g i u r a d; b) k i l o u r i m n i S v n e l o b a c v a - 

l e b a d i a e r T i m w k r i v i s f a r g l e b S i. konteqstis gareSe 

formis kilouri mniSvneloba ver gairkveva; k i l o u r 

m n i S v n e l o b a s f o r m a s k o n t e q s t i a n i y e b s. 

Cveni am Tvalsazrisis sapirispirod iTqva: àma Tu im 

mwkrivis daxasiaTeba konteqstis gareSe im droisa da kilos mixedviT, 

romlis aGmniSvneladac is umeteswilad gvevlineba, Cveni 

azriT, savsebiT SesaZlebelia da sayiroc aris~ (z. yumburiZe, 

2001, gv. 197). miuxedavad amgvari kategoriuli gancxadebisa, 

verc SesaZlebloba dagvanaxa oponentma amisa da verc sayiroeba... 

Se SeniS Se 


vna: vna erT faqts gvinda mivaqcioT KuradGeba. g. axvledianis 

redaqciiT gamosul ènaTmecnierebis Sesavlis 

sakiTxebSi~ vkiTxulobT: `saxelis kategoriebia 

brunva, ricxvi, sqesi, gansazGvruloba-ganusazGvreloba, 

xolo zmnisa _ piri, ricxvi, kilo, 

qceva, gvari, dro da sxva. ganvixiloT TiToeuli 

es kategoriebi cal-calke~ (g. mayavariani, g. nebieriZe, 

1972, gv. 202). saubaria morfologiur kategoriebze, 

iqve aseTi Tvalsazrisicaa warmodgenili: 

`gramatikuli kategoriis Sesaxeb vlapara- 

121

122 


kobT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saTanado gramemebi 

gvaqvs. rusuli qcevas gamoxatavs ara gramatikuli 

saSualebebiT, aramed leqsikuri saSualebebiT, 

da amitom rusulSi qcevis kategoria ar 

gamoiKofa~ (gv. 211). naSromSi Tanmimdevruladaa 

ganxiluli saxelisa da zmnis kategoriebi, garda 

droisa da kilosi. albaT imitom, rom ar xdeba 

am kategoriaTa gamoxatva morfologiurad da amitom 

sxva gramatikul kategoriaTa gverdiT maTi 

daKeneba ar moxerxdeba. 

sakiTxi amgvaradve daismis gzisobis Sesaxebac (axali qar- 

TulisaTvis). 

4444....5555. . . . gziso gzi gzi gziso 

soba soba 

ba, ba, 



tego tego 

goria goria 

ria ria 

rogorc iTqva, a. SaniZis moZGvrebis Tanaxmad, gzi gziso gzi gziso 

soba 

ba, ba 

msgavsad sxva kategoriebisa (dro, kilo, aqti, Tanamdevroba), 

mwkrivis elementia. gzisoba, iseve rogorc dasaxelebuli kategoriebi, 

ucvalebelad moiazreba: èlementebi daerqva mwkrivis 

farglebSi ucvalebel kategoriebs... mwkrivis elementebia dro, 

kilo, gzisoba, aqti, Tanamdevroba~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 216). 

ra aris gzisoba da aris Tu ara igi morfologiuri kategoria 

axal qarTulSi; Sesabamisad _ ucvalebeli kategoria? 

`gzisoba aris zmnis forma, romelic gviCvenebs, Tu ramdengzis 

aris moqmedeba Cadenili, erTgzis Tu mravalgzis, anu er- 

Txel Tu mravalJer~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 209). 

aqve ganmartavs avtori, rom gzisobas ori forma aqvs: er- 

Tgzisi da mravalgzisi: èr er erTgzi 

Tgzisia Tgzi sia forma, romelic erTxel momxdar 

moqmedebas aGniSnavs da mra mraval mra mraval 

valgzi valgzi 

gzisia 

sia forma, romelic 

ramdenJerme ganmeorebul moqmedebas gamoxatavs. magaliTebi: da- 

Jda da daJdis, moitana da moitanis, mokla da moklis da misT.~ 

(iqve, gv. 210). 

gzisobasTan dakavSirebuli zogadi sakiTxebis ganxilvisas, 

rogorc davinaxeT, a. SaniZe mravalgzisobis magaliTad Zveli 

qarTulis (Tu Tanamedrove qarTulis mTis dialeqtebis) magali- 

Tebs moixmobs: daJd-i-s, moitan-i-s, mokl-i-s...


faqtobrivad, amiT iTqva, rom mravalgzisobis morfologiuri 

gamoxatva axal qarTulSi ar xdeba. aGniSnavs kidec: mravalgzisobis 

gamosaxatavad `Zvelad sagangebo mwkrivi iKo, romelic 

dGevandel mTis kiloebsa da qiziKurSia daculi... cocxal 

kiloTa umetesobam da saliteraturo qarTulma es mwkrivi dakarga, 

samagierod ma maTi ma 

Ti gamo gamoxat gamo 

xat xatva xat va uwKve uwKvetel 

uwKve 

tel telsa tel sa da misgan nawarmoeb 

xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi biTis bi Tis mwkrivs daakisra~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 210). 

gzisoba, rogorc mwkrivis elementi, ucvalebelia mwkrivis 

farglebSio, zemoT iTqva. mravalgzisobis gamomxatvel mwkrivTa- 

Tvis (uwKveteli, xolmeobiTi) mravalgzisoba ar aris ucvalebeli 

elementi. amitomacaa, uwKvetlis daxasiaTebisas mwkrivis 

elementTa mixedviT gzisobaze ar mianiSnebs: ùwKveteli Cveulebriv 

Sedgeba 2 elementisagan: dro warsulia, kilo _ TxrobiTi. 

zogJer is Tanamdevrobasac Seicavs, _ saxeldobr, er- 

Tdroulobas warsulSi~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 218). faqtia, gzisobis 

mixedviT SeiZleba erTgzisic iKos da mravalgzisic: 

erTgzisia: is rom movida, davalebas v w e r d i 

mravalgzisia: sadilis Semdeg davalebas v w e r d i , gakve- 

Tilebs v s w a v l o b d i da mere v T a m a - 

S o b d i ... 

xolmeobiTis mwkrivi `Sedgeba sami elementisagan, dro warsuli, 

kilo _ TxrobiTi, gzisoba _ mravalgzisi. saxeli ukanaskneli 

kategoriisagan aris miGebuli~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 219). 

mravalgzisobis gamomxatvel magaliTebadaa moKvanili: `diliT 

g a v i G v i Z e b d i Tu ara, a v d g e b o d i , pirs d a v i - 

b a n d i , saCqarod C a v i c v a m d i , Jer Cais d a v l e v d i , Semdeg 

magidas m i v u J d e b o d i da weras g a n v a g r Z o b d i ~. _ 

Kvela magaliTi mravalgzisobis gamomxatvelia. Tumca a. SaniZe 

iqve SeniSnavs, rom `SeiZleba TxrobiTi kilos nacvlad amave 

mwkrivma SedegobiTi gadmogvces: èg rom mcodnoda, adre g a - 

v i G v i Z e b d i , aqamde a v d g e b o d i da pirsac d a v i b a n - 

d i ~ am SemTxvevaSi frazaSi gzisoba ar aris. mwkrivis saxeli 

mainc xolmeobiTia (a. SaniZe, iqve). e. i. am magaliTebSi ar aris 

gamoxatuli mravalgzisi moqmedeba. gzisoba ucvalebeli kategoria 

arc xolmeobiTis mwkrivSia. 

Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom xol xolme xol me nawilakian kon- 

123

124 


struqciaSi mravalgzisoba SeiZleba awmKo-mKofadis mwkrivis 

formebiTac gadmoices _ `biZa-Cemi sanadirodan zogJer xoxobsac 

m o i t a n s xolme~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 211). Tumca es 

mwkrivebi Cveulebriv erTgzis moqmedebas gadmoscemen. 

Kovelive Tqmuli ki imis dasturia, rom gzisoba cvalebadi 

kategoriaa mwkrivis farglebSi; e. i. gzi gziso gzi gziso 

soba so ba ar ar aris aris mo morfo mo rfo- rfo 

lo logi lo logi 

giuri gi ri ri ka kate ka kate 

tego tego 

goria 

ria, ria axal qarTulSi ar xdeba am kategoriis 

morfologiuri gamoxatva. 

4444....6666. . . . aq aqti aq aqti 

ti, ti, 



tego tego 

goria goria 

ria ria 

à q t i anu s a q m e aris zmnis forma, romelic gviCvenebs, 

naxa moubarma zmniT gamoxatuli moqmedeba, Tu ara~. qarTul 

zmnas aqvs saSualeba, aGniSnos ara marto iseTi moqmedeba, romelsac 

moubari daswrebia da unaxavs, aramed iseTic, romelsac 

is ar daswrebia da ar unaxavs. amis mixedviT gvaqvs ori aqti: naxuli 

da unaxavi (anu daswrebuli da dauswrebeli) (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 211). 

aqti mwkrivis elmentad aris miCneuli da iseve, rogorc 

sxva elementebi mwkrivisa, `mwkrivis farglebSi ucvalebel kategoriad~ 

moiazreba~ (iqve, gv. 216). zemoTac aGvniSneT: ucvalebel 

kategoriad SeiZleba moviazroT is kategoria, romelic 

aris warmodgenili zmnis ama Tu im formaSi da nebismier konteqstSi 

xdeba misi gamoxatva anu: nebismier konteqstSi aqvs es 

mniSvneloba. Tu xdeba cvla am mniSvnelobisa sxvadasxva konteqstSi, 

unda aixsnebodes am cvlis mizezi; anu: formas ram daukarga 

am konkretul SemTxvevaSi es mniSvneloba, an ram mianiya 

sxva konteqstSi sxva mniSvneloba. amis Taobaze drois, kilosa 

da gzisobis kategoriebze saubris drosac mivaniSnebdi. 

ra viTarebaa am mxriv aq aqtis aq 

tis kategoriasTan dakavSirebiT. 

aq aqti aq 

ti (una una unaxa 

xavi xavi 

vi), vi , rogorc mwkrivis elementi, I TurmeobiTSi 

aris warmodgenili: Ì TurmeobiTSi sami elementia: dro (wars.), 

kilo (Txr.) da aqti (unaxavi)... unaxavi aqtis moqmedeba gviCvenebs 

moqmedebas, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia Sedegis mixedviT an 

sxvisgan aris gagonili~ (iqve, gv. 221). a. SaniZe unaxav aqts mwkrivis 

elementad asaxelebs II TurmeobiTSic: `Sedgenilobis Tvalsaz-


risiT II TurmeobiTi I-sagan erTi elementiT gansxvavdeba. es elementia 

Tanamimdevroba (uwinaresi). mwkrivi gadmogvcems iseT unaxav 

moqmedebas, romelic sxvas uswrebda~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 112). 

III seriis mwkrivebs a. SaniZe ùnaxavi aqtis mwkrivebs~ uwodebs 

(gv. 222), Tumca ar Cans, III kavSirebiTsac unaxavi aqtis 

mwkrivad miiCnevs Tu ara. 

Tu TurmeobiTebi unaxavi aqtis mwkrivebia, ivaraudeba, rom 

sxva mwkrivebi na naxu na 

xu xuli xu li aq aqtis aq 

tis mwkrivebia. 

aris Tu ara aqti ucvalebeli kategoria TurmeobiTis 

mwkrivebisaTvis? sakiTxi sagangebod Seiswavla i. qavTaraZem. misi 

azriT, ùdavoa, rom qarTul enaSi TurmeobiTis nakvTi Zalian 

xSirad ixmareba iseTi moqmedeba-mdgomareobis gadmosacemad, romelic 

subieqtma Tavisi TvaliT naxa, daeswro mas, unaxavi moqmedebis 

gamosaxatavad misi gamoKeneba srulebiTac araa erTader- 

Ti, piriqiT, es ufro gviandeli Cans, roca drois gageba masSi 

ramdenadme daiCrdila~ (i. qavTaraZe, 1956, gv. 191). anu unaxaoba 

SeiZleba gadmosces sxva formamac da piriqiT... ès imas niSnavs, 

rom qarTulSi ara gvaqvs unaxaobis kategoriis morfologiuri 

warmoebis saSualeba, igi araa imgvarad gamoxatuli gramatikuli 

kategoria, rogoradac dro, qceva da sxva, romelTac moepovebaT 

specialuri morfema, aglutinaciuri tipis qarTuli enisaTvis 

Sesaferisi~ (iqve). avtori gaxazavs imasac, rom morfologiurad 

ar xdeba dapirispireba, magram `dGevandel qarTulSi faqtia 

aseTi dapirispireba~ (iqve); da kidev: ùnaxaobis Sinaarsis gamosaxatavad 

qarTulSi gvaqvs erTgvari saSualeba (Tur Tur Turme Tur me nawilaki 

da pirveli TurmeobiTi garkveul SemTxvevaSi) da ara gramatikuli 

kategoria~ (iqve, gv. 192). 

arn. Ciqobavas azriT, ùna una unaxa 

xaoba xa ba ba, ba saerTod, ar unda iKos ni- 

Sandoblivi TurmeobiTis SinaarsisaTvis. Kovel SemTxvevaSi, unaxaobas 

ver vivaraudebT, roca realuri subieqti pirvel pirSia~ 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1962, gv. 101). avtori eTanxmeba i. qavTaraZes da daaskvnis: 

àmrigad: TurmeobiTis Jgufis nakvTebi funqciuri TvalsazrisiT 

ver gaerTiandeba; Turmeobas ar gulisxmobs kavSirebiTi 

mesame; mxolod nawilobriv egueba es Sinaarsi TurmeobiTs meores; 

TurmeobTs pirvelSic unaxaoba ar gadmoicema pirvels pir- 

Si, uarKofiTi nawilakebis xmarebisas ki _ sxva pirebSic~ (iqve). 

125

126 


warmodgenili msJeloba da dasaxelebul avtorTa mier Catarebuli 

analizi cxadKofs, rom aqti ar aris morfologiuri 

kategoria da, Sesabamisad, ucvalebeli erTi mwkrivis fargleb- 

Si. ase rom, am TvalsazrsiT aq aqti aq 

ti dgeba drois, kilosa da gzisobis 

gverdiT. 

4444....7777. . . . Ta Tanam Ta Tanam 

namdev namdevro 

dev devro 

roba roba 

ba, ba, 

, , rogoooorc rog rog rog rc rc rc zmnis zmnis zmnis zmnis kate ka ka kate 

tego tego 

goria goria 

ria ria 

mexuTe kategoria, romelsac mwkrivis elementad miiCnevs 

a. SaniZe, aris Tanamdevroba: `Tanamdevrobis saxeliT aGvniSnavT 

zmnis formas, romelic gvagebinebs, Tu rogoria drouli mimar- 

Teba ori moqmedebisa warsulsa an momavalSi. ori moqmedebis Sefardebisas 

SeiZleba aGmoCndes, rom orive erT dros mimdinareobs 

da gvaqvs er erTdro er 

Tdro Tdroulo 

Tdro lo loba lo ba moqmedebisa, magram Tu gansxvavebaa 

droSi, maT Soris iseTi urTierToba iqneba, rom erTi unda uswrebdes, 

meore mosdevdes. rogorc swreba, ise modevneba xdeba 

mxolod or gramatikul droSi, warsulsa da momavalSi, magram 

erTdrouloba mxolod warsulSia gamoxatuli~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, 

gv. 212). `Tanamdevrobis formebi qarTulSi samgvaria: er erTdro er erTdro 

Tdrou- Tdro 

lo loba lo 

ba ba, ba , uwi uwina uwi 

na nare 

reso 

soba soba 

ba da Se Semdgo Se 

mdgo mdgomo 

moba 

ba~ ba (iqve, gv. 213). warmodgenili 

msJelobidan da moxmobili magaliTebidan Cans, rom zmnuri formis 

mier gamoxatuli moqmedebis Sefaseba xdeba rTul konstruqciebSi; 

anu zmnuri formis erTdrouloba, uwinaresoba Tu Semdgomoba 

sxva zmnis mier Sesrulebuli moqmedebis mixedviT gairkveva. 

es ukve sintaqsis sferoa. roca arn. Ciqobava III seriis gamoKofis 

safuZvlebze msJelobs da ganixilavs aqtisa da Tanamimdevrobis 

kategoriebs, aseT daskvnas gvTavazobs: `sami Jgufis gamoKofa 

zmnis uGvlilebaSi nawilobriv gamarTlebulia sin sintaq sin 

taq taqsu taq su- 

ri ri TvalsazrisiT, nakvTebis warmoeba ki sintaqsis sagani ar aris, 

igi fuZeTa warmoebas ganekuTvneba da morfologiis sagani unda 

iKos (im TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, rac am rigis fuZeTa 

warmoebas axasiaTebs)~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1962, gv. 101). 

amgvarad, Tanamdevroba ar aris morfologiuri kategoria 

da, Sesabamisad, ar SeiZleba iKos ucvalebeli erTi mwkrivis 

farglebSi.


* 

* * 

rogorc warmodgenilma msJelobam gviCvena, erTi mwkrivis 

formas konteqstisda mixedviT SesaZlebloba aqvs sxvadasxva 

droisa Tu kilos mniSvnelobis gadmocemisa; aseve erTgzisi da 

mravalgzisi moqmedebisa; unaxavi an nanaxi aqtisa; aseve erTdrouli, 

uwinaresi Tu Semdgomi moqmedebis gamoxatvisa... (SevadaroT: 

brunvis forma da brunvaTa funqciebi). 

4444....8888. . . . as aspeq as aspeqti 

peq peqti 

ti ti da da da da mwkrivi mwkri mwkri mwkrivi 

vi vi 

a. SaniZis moZGvrebis mixedviT, aspeqti qarTulSi ar aris 

mwkrivis elementi, uGlebis kategoria. igi warmoqmnis kategoriaa. 

àspeqti Zvelad uGlebis kategoria iKo: is aucilebeli 

elementi iKo TviTeuli mwkrivisa I-sa da II seriaSi, magram axal 

sistemaze gadasvliT es kategoria gamovida uGlebidan da warmoqmnaSi 

daiyira adgili, radganac am gziT man zmnis paralelur 

formebs (uzmniswinosa da zmniswinians) mwkrivebSi sxvadasxva 

gramatikuli mniSvneloba misca: grixa _ dagrixa, grixos _ dagrixos, 

ugrexia _ daugrexia da sxva~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 270). 

es imas niSnavs, rom mxolod aspeqtiT gansxvavebuli formebi ar 

CaiTvleba sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad: we wera we ra da da dawe da 

we wera 

ra, ra , we weros we ros 

da da dawe da dawe 

weros we ros erTi da imave mwkrivis formebia. 

sxvagvari iKo viTareba Zvel qarTulSi: `Zvel qarTulSi aspeqti 

uGlebis kategoria iKo da mwkrivSi Sedioda, rogorc misi 

elementi: I seriis mwkrivebi usruli aspeqtiani iKvnen. II serisa 

ki _ srulisani. zmniswins am sakiTxSi araviTari Zala ar 

hqonda: is an gezs aGniSnavda, orientaciiTurT, an axali zmnis 

sawarmoebeli morfema iKo. amitom awmKos mwkrivis exlandel 

dros zmniswinis darTva momavlisad ver gadaaqcevda, ....samagierod 

II seriis mwkrivebi Kvela srul-aspeqtiani iKo~ (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 266). momxdari cvlilebis ZiriTadi Sedegi, a. SaniZis 

azriT, aris is, rom I seriis formebi or wred gaiKo: `paralelur 

formaTa gansxvavebuli gamoKenebiT axalma sistemam awmKos 

Jgufis sami wevrisagan warmoqmna sami axali mwkrivi, gansxvavebuli 

erTi-meorisagan Sesabamisad ara marto aspeqtis mixedviT, 

127

128 


aramed droisa da sxva elementebis mixedviTac~ (iqve, gv. 270). 

erTi mniSvnelovani Sedegi isicaa, rom àspeqti SeiZina III 

seriis formebma da saxelzmnebma~ (iqve, gv. 271). 

aq KuradGebas gavamaxvilebT im faqtze, rom aspeqtian 

zmnebSi zmniswini apirispirebs srul da usrul formebs sa samsa sa samsa 

msave msa ve 

se seriaSi se 

Si da da sa saxel sa saxel 

xelzmneb 

zmnebSi 

Si. Si . am faqts kvlavac movubrundebiT. moswrebulad 

Tqva mecnierma: `zmniswinma zmnas misca aspeqti axal 

safuZvelze, magram am aspeqtma usrulobis SemTxvevaSi zmnas waarTva 

zmniswini~... (iqve). 

Tumca ase erTmniSvnelovnad, rogorc Cans, Znelia saubari. 

a. SaniZe wers: èyvi ar aris, rom dGevan dGevande dGevan dGevande 

deli li as aspeq as 

peq peqti ti sa sazo sa 

zo zoga zo ga- 

dod dod warmo warmoqmnis warmo qmnis ka kate ka kate 

tego 

gori 

riaa 

aa, aa , mag magram mag ram ver ver vi vitKviT vi KviT KviT, KviT , rom rom mas 

mas 

mTlad mTlad gawKve gawKveti gawKve gawKveti 

tili ti li hqon hqondes hqon 

des kav kavSi kav 

Si Siri Si ri uGle uGlebas uGle uGlebas 

basTan 

Tan~ Tan (iqve, gv. 

276). sxvagan: `daskvna: as aspeqts as peqts uGle uGlebis uGle 

bis far fargle far 

gle glebi 

bidan dan sul gga 

g 

mo mosu mo 

su sulad lad ver ver mi miviC mi miviC 

viCnevT 

nevT, nevT , mas ram ramde ram 

de denad 

nadme nad me ki kidev ki 

dev Se SerCe Se SerCe 

rCeni 

nili ni li aqvs 

aqvs 

uGle uGlebis uGle bis ka kate ka 

te tego 

gori 

riis is niS niSne niS niSne 

nebi 

bi~ bi (iqve, gv. 277). 

aq Cven im SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme, SesavalSi rom vwerdiT: 

erTi enobrivi movlena, orgvari kvalifikacia... aspeqti ar 

aris uGlebis kategoria, amitom dro-kiloTa sistemis agebisas 

aspeqtiT gansxvavebuli formebi (akeTa _ gaakeTa, akeTos _ gaakeTos, 

ukeTebia _ gaukeTebia...) ar CaiTvleba sxvadasxva mwkrivis 

formebad. amitom sistema 11 erTeuls (mwkrivs) Seicavs. es Ziri- 

Tadi Tvalsazrsia avtorisa. Tumca imasac uSvebs, rom àspeqts 

uGlebis farglebidan sul gamosulad ver miviCnevT, mas ramdenadme 

kidev SerCenili aqvs uGlebis kategoriis niSnebio~. 

da aq gvTavazobs SemaJamebel paragrafs _ `cxrili~ ($ 343): 

`dagvrCa erTi: SevaJamoT zemoT naTqvami (igulisxmeba aspeqtisadmi 

miZGvnili msJeloba) cxrilSi, romelic mokled da TvalsaCinod 

warmogvidgens aspeqtis viTarebas dGevandel qarTulSi. magaliTebad 

moKvanilia sami zmna: `texa~ zmnis sru sruli sru sru li uGle uGleba uGle 

ba subieqturi 

pirebis mixedviT Ti TiTo Ti To se seri se seri 

riis ri is Ti TiTo Ti 

To mwkr mwkrivSi mwkr 

vSi (I seriaSi 

orive wrisaTvis), merme ki samive zmnis 1-li sub. piris formebi 

Tvi TviTe Tvi TviTe 

Teul Te ul mwkriv mwkrivSi mwkriv mwkrivSi 

Si, Si , garda warTqm. brZanebiTisa, sadac me-2 piris 

formebia moKvanili (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 278-279). 

Se SeJa Se SeJa 

Jame 

mebu mebu 

buli li sa saxiT sa 

xiT warmodgenili sru sruli sru li uGle uGleba uGle 

ba Ti TiTo Ti 

To se seri se ri- 

is is Ti TiTo Ti To mwkriv mwkrivSi mwkriv Si faqtobriv emTxveva dimitri Kifianis princips, 

romelsac `gramatikis safuZvlebSi~, swored `cxrilis~ win sagange-


bo paragrafi eZGvneba _ `dimitri Kifianis tabula~ (gv. 288-278). 

d. Kifians orgvari paradigma aqvs _ rTuli da martivi; 

rTuli _ zmniswinian da uzmniswino dapirispirebul formaTa 

paradigma _ 16 erTeuli (martivi 8 erTeuliani iKo)... d. Kifianis 

paradigmas kvlavac gavixsenebT... 

a. SaniZis SeJamebuli cxrili swored d. Kifianis rTuli 

paradigmis msgavsia. es cxrili garkveulwilad mxars dauyers 

Cvens Tvalsazrissac. Tumca amis Taobaze mogvianebiT. 

axla srulad warmovadgenT a. SaniZis cxrils, aspeqtTan 

dakavSirebiT moKvanils. 

awmKo 

awmKo 

(u s r u l i) 

mx. 1.3. vtex 

2.3. stex 

3.3. texs 

mr. 1.3. vtexT 

2.3. stexT 

3.3. texen 

I I seria 

seria 

II II seria 

seria 

wKvetili 

wKvetili 

mKofadi mKofadi 

mKofadi 

(s r u l i ) 

ga-vtex 

ga-stex 

ga-texs 

ga-vtexT 

ga-stexT 

ga-texen 

(u s r u l i ) (s r u l i ) 

vtexe 

stexe 

texa 

vtexeT 

stexeT 

texes 

III III seria seria 

seria 

ga-vtexe 

ga-stexe 

ga-texa 

ga-vtexeT 

ga-stexeT 

ga-texes 

I I I TurmeobiTi 

TurmeobiTi 

(u s r u l i ) (s r u l i ) 

mitexia 

ga-mitexia 

gitexia 

ga-gitexia 

utexia 

ga-utexia 

129

130 


gvitexia 

gitexiaT 

utexia(T) 

ga-gvitexia 

ga-gitexiaT 

ga-utexia(T) 

I I seria 

seria 

u s r u l i (awmKos wre) 

awmKo vtex vaqeb vmalav 

uwKv. vtexdi vaqebdi vmalavdi 

awmK. kavS. vtexde vaqebde vmalavde 

s r u l i (mKofadis wreSi) 

mKofadi ga-vtexe Se-vaqeb da-vmalav 

I xolm. ga-vtexdi Se-vaqebdi da-vmalavdi 

mKof. kavS. ga-vtexde Se-vaqebde da-vmalavde 

II II seria 

seria 

(u s r.) (s r.) (u s r.) (s r.) (u s r.) (s r.) 

wKvet. vtexe ga-vtexe vaqe Se-vaqe vmale da-vmale 

II xolm. vtexi ga-vtexi vaqi Se-vaqi vmali da-vmali 

II kavS. vtexo ga-vtexo vaqo Se-vaqo vmalo da-vmalo 

brZan. texe ga-texe aqe Se-aqo male da-male 

III III seria 

seria 

(u s r.) (s r.) (usr.) (s r.) (u s r.) (s r.) 

I Turm. mitexia ga-mitexia miqia Se-miqia mimalavs da-mimalavs 

II Turm. metexa ga-metexa meqo Se-meqo memala da-memala 

III kavS. metexos ga-metexos meqos Se-meqos memalos da-memalos 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 279) 

arsebiTi am cxrilSi isaa, rom zmniswinian da uzmniswino 

formaTa dapirispireba erT princips emKareba samive seriaSi; paradigmebic 

erTgvaradaa agebuli samive seriaSi. am faqts kidev 

gavixsenebT... 

as aspe as 

pe peti pe ti da dro dro-kilo 

dro 

lo loTa lo Ta sis siste sis 

te tema te ma _ es aris Tema a. arabulis 

ramdenime naSromisa (a. arabuli, 1984(1); a. arabuli, 1992;


a. arabuli, 1999). aspeqti, avtoris azriT, droisa da kilos kategoriis 

gverdiT ZiriTad kategoriadaa warmodgenili: àmgvarad, 

gvrCeba sami kategoria: kilo, dro da aspeqti. Koveli nakvTis 

ZiriTadi mniSvnelobebi SeiZleba daxasiaTdes am sami semantikuri 

monacemis gamoKenebiT. maTi kombinacia gvaZlevs 

nakvTs, rogorc funqciur kategorias~ (a. arabuli, 1984, gv. 4); 

rom `qarTuli zmnis nakvTebis semantikuri struqturis ZiriTadi 

erTeulebi swored dro da aspeqtia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 

qarTuli zmnis uGvlilebis erTeulebi, nakvTebi, semantikurad 

droul-aspeqturi erTeulebia. amaTgan dro SedarebiT martivi, 

xolo moqmedebis saxe, anu aspeqti, bevrad ufro rTuli kategoriaa~ 

(a. arabuli, 1992, gv. 105). am msJelobiT, sauGlebeli er- 

Teulis gamoKofisas aspeqts meti mniSvneloba eniyeba. 

faqtobriv, es aris zmnur formaTa semantikuri analizi da 

Sedegic saintereso: `sauGlebeli sistemis semantikurma analizma 

mxolod TxrobiTi kilos formaTa saxiT 9 erTeuli warmogvidgina~ 

(a. arabuli, 1999, gv. 43). xolo saerTo suraTze, romelic 

sqemis saxis aris warmodgenli, 16 mwkrivia; a. SaniZis 11 

mwkriviani sistemis II da III seriaSi zmniswiniani da uzmniswino 

formebi sxvadasxva mwkrivebad miiCneva (a. arabuli, 1999, gv. 50). 

es SesaZlebeli gaxda amgvari moTxovnis Semdeg: àspeqtis kategoriam 

Tavisi kuTvnili adgili unda daikavos uGlebis (paradigmatul) 

kategoriaTa rigSi da, Sesabamisad, zmniswiniani 

sauGlebeli fuZis (mwkrivis) organul nawilad unda iqnes mi- 

Cneuli~ (a. arabuli, 1999, gv. 48). 

Cven zemoT d. Kifianis principze vsaubrobdiT da a. SaniZis 

paradigmebi warmovadgineT, sadac aspeqts, zmniswinian da uzmniswino 

formaTa dapirispirebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniyeboda. 

cxadia, dasaSvebia amgvari msJeloba, magram am SemTxvevaSi saqme 

gvaqvs semantikur principze agebul paradigmebTan; semantikuri 

paradigmebis formaTa sesxebas Cven gavmiJnavT formobrivi (ufro 

sworad, formobriv-semantikuri) paradigmebisagan (ix. aqve, $ 144). 

aspeqti aris zmnis semantikuri maxasiaTebeli, magram zmniswini, 

romelic srul aspeqts awarmoebs, Cveni azriT, ar SeiZleba 

CaiTvalos im elementad, romelic erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs 

or mwkrivs (amis Sesaxeb ufro vrclad aqve, $ 5). 

131

132 


4444....9999. . . . ma mainc ma mainc 

inc inc ra ra ra ra aris aris aris aris mwkrivi mwkri mwkri mwkrivi 

vi???? vi 

Tu e. w. mwkrivis elementebi (dro, kilo, gzisoba, aqti, 

Tanamdevroba) ar aris morfologiuri (gramatikuli) kategoria, 

ras warmoadgenen isini? 

magaliTisaTvis: faqtia, rom qarTulSi arsebobs drois semantika, 

drois funqcia, magram ar xdeba misi formaluri gamoxatva. 

Sesabamisad, drois kategoria semantikuri kategoriaa. 

amis Taobaze mianiSnebs kidec arn. Ciqobava mogviano periodis 

naSromSi: `dro, kilo da kilosTan funqciurad axlo mdgomi 

modaluri kategoriebi (Tanaobisa, saurTierTo, uneburobisa, 

ganzraxvisa...) upiratesad semantikur-stilistikuri xasiaTisa 

Cans (arn. Ciqobava, 1979, gv. 165). drosa da kilos semantikur 

kategoriad miiCnevs agreTve b. JorbenaZe (1986, gv. 134). semantikur 

kategoriaTa Sesaxeb aGniSnaven, rom: `semantikuri kategoriebi, 

rogorc wesi, gamoixatebian specialuri morfologiuri 

(formaluri) saSualebiT, magram SeiZleba gamoixatos aramorfologiurad, 

e. i. aGweriTad, leqsikurad an konteqstiT. gamoiKeneba 

sxva saSualebebic (magaliTad, intonacia...)~ (b. JorbenaZe, 

1986, gv. 134-135). `semantikuri maxasiaTeblebi SeiZleba icvalos 

ara mxolod formis, aramed konteqstis cvlis Sedegadac~ 

(b. JorbenaZe, 1984, gv. 27). dro da kilo is semantikuri kategoriebia, 

romelTa gamosaxatavad konteqsti da intonacia gamoiKeneba. 

aseve, semantikur kategoriad unda iqnes miCneuli 

`mwkrivis sxva elementebic~ _ gzisoba, aqti, Tanamdevroba. 

sabolood, Cveni Tvalsazrisi aseTia: dro dro, dro , ki kilo ki 

lo lo, lo , gzi gziso gzi 

so soba so ba 

(axal axal axal qar qarTul qar qarTul 

TulSi 

Si), Si , aq aqti aq 

ti da da Tan Tanamdev Tan mdev mdevro 

roba ro ba ar ar aris aris mo morfo mo morfo 

rfolo 

logi lo giuri 

ri ka kate ka kate 

tego 

gori 

riebi riebi 

ebi. ebi Sesabamisad: er erTi er 

Ti mwkri mwkrivis mwkri 

vis for forma for 

ma maTa ma Ta me meori me 

ri risa ri sa- sa 

gan gan gan ganmas gan ganmas 

masxva 

xvaveb 

veblad veb lad ver ver ver mi miviC mi miviC 

viCnevT viC nevT ee. 

e . w. . `mwkri mwkri mwkrivis mwkri vis ele elemen ele elemen 

mentebs 

tebs~. tebs . 

mwkri mwkrivis mwkri vis ga gansazGvra ga sazGvra am am èle le lemen 

mente 

tebis 

bis~ bis ~ mi mixed mi mixed 

xedviT viT ar mo moxer mo 

xer xerxde 

xdeba 

ba. ba 

mwkrivi zmnis sistemaSi iseTive formobrivi monacemia, 

rogoric brunva saxelis sistemaSi. ramdenadac saxelis sistema 

gacilebiT martivia zmnis sistemasTan SedarebiT, brunvis raobis 

gansazGvrac ufro iolad xerxdeba: gamoiKofa brunvis forma, 

rogorc formobrivi monacemi da Semdeg xdeba misi funqciuri 

daxasiaTeba. zmnis sistemaSi piriqiT moxda: funqciidan amosvliT 

xdeba Sefaseba zmnuri formisa... erTma da imave formam


rom ramdenime funqcia SeiZleba itvirTos, es brunvaTa analizidanac 

cxadia. amitom zmnis sistemaSic analogiuri proceduraa 

sayiro: arsebobs forma da unda moxdes misi funqciuri daxasia- 

Teba... formobriv-funqciuri analizi ase gvesmis... 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna Cveni daskvna principulad ewinaaGmdegeba samecniro 

literaturaSi gabatonebul Tvalsazriss, 

kerZod a. SaniZis moZGvrebas mwkrivis Sesaxeb, magram 

CvenTvis misaGebi Tvalsazrisis safuZvels a. 

SaniZis gramatikul naazrevSive vipoviT. moviKvanT 

vrcel citatas: `mwkrivs forma erTi aqvs, funqcia 

ki _ xSirad sxvadasxva. saxeli mwkrivs SeiZleba 

erTi funqciis mixedviT hqondes darqmeuli, 

magram rogorsa da ramden funqciasac unda asrulebdes 

ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi, formiT is mainc 

erTi erTeulia. nomenklaturam ar unda SegviKvanos 

SecdomaSi: awmKos mwkrivma SeiZleba dro momavali 

gadmosces da mKofadis mwkrivma _ exlandeli... 

aGniSnul movlenas paraleli movuZebnoT 

saxelTa brunvebSi: saxelobiTi mudam saxelobi- 

Tia, asrulebs is subieqtis funqcias, Tu obieqtisas... 

amgvaradve, micemiTi mudam micemiTia, gadmoscems 

is subieqts, pirdapir obieqts Tu irib 

obieqts... 

brunva saxelis mimosaxvreli saSualebaa, mwkrivi 

ki _ zmnisa. funqcia erTsac da meoresac sxvadasxva 

SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba sxvadasxva hqondes, magram 

TviTeuli brunva da TviTeuli mwkrivi TiTo er- 

Teulia... mwkrivis elementebi metad moZravi ramea 

da bevrad da damo da 

mo moki moki 

kide 

debu 

buli bu li zmnis zmnis for formis for formis 

mis ga gare ga 

re remoc remoc 

moc- moc 

vi visa vi visa 

sagan sagan 

gan...~ gan (xazi Cvenia _ g. g.) (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 

224). rogorc vxedavT, warmodgenili msJeloba 

principulad ewinaaGmdegeba avtorisave moZGvrebas 

mwkrivis kategoriis Sesaxeb, kerZod, mwkrivis 

elementTa ucvaleblobis Sesaxeb. 

133

134 


* 

* * 

mainc: ra ra aris aris mwkri mwkrivi mwkri mwkrivi 

vi? vi 

gavixsenoT: erTi Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, mwkrivi ar aris 

kategoria, igi teqnikuri terminia. sxva Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, 

mwkrivi kategoriaa, masTan rTuli kategoria. am Tvalsazrisis 

Sesaxeb zemoT vrclad gvqonda saubari. mwkrivis raobis amgvari 

gageba CvenTvis sadavoa, magram ar uarvKofT imas, rom mwkrivi 

kategoriaa. 

metKvelebis nawilTagan formacvaleba saxelsa da zmnas axasiaTebs. 

saxelis formacvaleba xdeba brunvisa da ricxvis mixedviT, 

brunva da ricxvi saxelis morfologiuri kategoriebia _ 

xdeba maTi gamoxatva formobrivad. es cnobili faqtia. risTvis 

dagvyirda amis gaxseneba: 

miuTiTeben, rom ùGvlileba zmnis morfologiaSi imave rigis 

movlenaa, rac saxelTa morfologiaSi bruneba. orive erTi 

da imave principiT unda iqnes Seswavlili~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1984, 

gv. 17). 

mwkrivi iseTive monacemia zmnis sistemaSi, rogoric brunva 

saxelis sistemaSi: `nakvTi aris zmnis funqcionirebis (enaSi 

zmnis arsebobisa da gamoKenebis) forma. nakvTs formobriv moepoveba 

Tavisi Kalibi, fuZe da mawarmoebeli~ (b. JorbenaZe, iqve). 

brunvis kategoriis Sesaxeb msJelobisas aGniSnaven, rom 

ìgiveoba leqsikuri da sxvadasxvaoba gramatikuli, _ ai brunvis 

formaTa arsebobis niSani~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 44). Sesabamisad 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mwkrivis formaTa arsebobis niSania leqsikuri 

igiveoba da gramatikuli (formobrivi) sxvadasxvaoba. 

brunva morfologiuri kategoriaa saxelisa; mwkrivi _ 

zmnisa, ramdenadac saxelis sistema martivia zmnis sistemasTan 

SedarebiT, imdenad brunvis kategoria martivia mwkrivis kategoriasTan 

SedarebiT, romelsac aqvs sakuTari forma da funqcia, 

romelic Sesabamis konteqstSi gamovlindeba. 

mwkrivis formobriv saxes mwkrivis fuZe qmnis. mwkrivis fu- 

Zed miiCneva is nawili zmnisa, romelsac CamoSorebuli aqvs pirisa 

da ricxvis niSnebi; mas Tavisi paradigma aqvs. mwkrivis paradigmas 

qmnis mxolod pirisa da ricxvis niSnebiT gansxvavebuli 

formebi:


v-akeTeb v-akeTeb-T 

akeTeb akeTeb-T 

akeTeb-s akeTeb-en 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna mwkrivis paradigmaze msJelobisas garkvevas moi- 

Txovs zmniswinis sakiTxi: ake akeTeb ake 

Teb Teb-s Teb da ga ga-ake ga ake akeTeb 

Teb-s Teb s 

sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad miiCneva. ake akeTa ake 

Ta da 

ga ga-akeT ga 

akeT akeT-a akeT _ erTi mwkrivis formebad. aqedan gamomdinare, 

meore da mesame seriis mwkrivTa fuZis 

ganmartebisas esec unda aisaxos: mwkrivis paradigma 

aerTianebs zmniswiniT, pirisa da ricxvis 

niSnebiT gansxvavebul formebs. amasve ver vitKviT 

pirveli seriis formaTa Sesaxebac. Tumca II da III 

seriis mwkrivTa paradigmis amgvari gansazGvrac 

ar iqneba mTlad zusti: zmniswinian da uzmniswino 

formaTa monacvleoba erTi mwkrivis fargleb- 

Si araa niSandoblivi Kvela tipis zmnaTaTvis... 

zmniswinisa da zmnuri formis sakiTxi sagangebo 

msJelobas iTxovs. 

saubari mwkrivTa raodenobaze mwkrivis fuZeTa raodenobis 

garkvevas gulisxmobs, uGlebis sistemas mwkrivTa sistemuri da- 

Jgufeba qmnis. uGlebis srul paradigmas mwkrivTa sistema qmnis. 

uGleba _ zmnis mwkrivTa mixedviT cvlaa uGlebis srul 

paradigmaSi; mwkrivis farglebSi _ cvla pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT 

(a. SaniZe). 

amgvarad, uGlebas ori mniSvnelobiT vxmarobT: viwro mniSvnelobiT 

mwkrivis farglebSi zmnis pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT 

cvlas gulisxmobs; farTo mniSvnelobiT _ uGlebis sistemaSi 

mwkrivTa mixedviT cvlas. 

semantikurad mwkrivis calsaxad daxasiaTeba ar moxerxdeba. 

mwkrivi polisemantikuri monacemia. dro, kilo, aspeqti, gzisoba, 

Tanamdevroba, aqti _ am semantikur kategoriaTa erToblioba 

qmnis mwkrivis formis semantikas. rogorc aGiniSna, erTi da imave 

mwkrivis formam sxvadasxva konteqstSi SeiZleba sxvadasxva 

drois, kilos... da a. S. mniSvneloba gadmosces. mniSvnelobis 

gamovlena konteqstzea damokidebuli. 

135

136 


amis mixedviT erTi da imave mwkrivis forma SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad 

daxasiaTdes: 

ga gaake ga 

ke keTe 

Te! Te _ dro _ m o m a v a l i , kilo _ b r Z a n e b i T i , 

Jeroba _ e r T g z i s i , aqti _ n a n a x i... 

ga gaake ga 

ke keTe 

Te. Te _ dro w a r s u l i , kilo _ T x r o b i T i , Jeroba 

_ e r T g z i s i , aqti _ n a n a x i... 

amave dros, sxvadasaxva mwkrivis forma SeiZleba erTnairad 

daxasiaTdes: 

ga gaake ga 

ke keTe 

Te! Te dro _ m o m a v a l i, kilo _ b r Z a n e b i T i, Jeroba _ 

ga gaake ga 

ke keTos 

Tos! Tos e r T g z i s i, aqti _ n a n a x i... 

semantikuri poziciebidan zmnur formaTa Sefaseba amgvar 

formebs erT sauGlebel erTeulad warmoadgeninebda praqtikos 

gramatikosebs, rac samecniero gramatikSi, TavisTavad cxadia, gasworda. 

amgvarad, mwkrivi formobrivi monacemia. imdeni mwkrivia, 

ramdenic gansxvavebuli fuZea zmnisa erTi da imave leqsikuri 

mniSvnelobis mqone. 

am Tvalsazrisze dgoma axal qarTulSi mwkrivTa raodenobis 

gadasinJvis sakiTxsac dasvams; kerZod, sagangebo msJelobas 

moiTxovs pirveli seriis awmKosa da mKofadis wreebad daKofis 

sakiTxi. 

$ $ $ 5. . mwkriv mwkrivTa mwkriv Ta ra raode ra de deno deno 

noba no ba axal axal qar qarTul qar qarTul 

TulSi Tul Si 

5555....1111. . . . ra ra ra ra xddddeeeeba xx 

x ba ba ba dGes dGes dGes dGes 

rogorc aGiniSna, axal qarTulSi 11 mwkrivi gamoiKofa. 

pirveli seria 6 sauGlebeli erTeuliTaa warmodgenili; 

a w m K o s w r e 

1. awmKo awmKo awmKo _ vwer 

2. uwKve uwKvete uwKve uwKvete 

teli te li _ vwerdi 

3. awmKos awmKos awmKos kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi 

biTi bi Ti _ vwerde


m K o f a d i s w r e 

1. mKofa mKofadi mKofa mKofadi 

di _ davwer 

2. xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi biTi bi Ti _ davwerdi 

3. mKof mKof. mKof . kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebi 

biTi bi Ti _ davwerde 

formobrivi TvalsazrisiT dapirispireba 

vwer _ da-vwer 

vwerdi _ da-vwerdi 

vwerde _ da-vwerde 

imave rigisaa, rogorc 

vwere _ da-vwere 

vwero _ da-vwero 

miweria _ da-miweria 

mewera _ da-mewera 

meweros _ da-meweros 

Tu pirveli seriis zmniswiniani da uzmniswino formebi 

sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebadaa miCneuli, meore da mesame seriis 

SemTxvevaSi amgvaradve dapirispirebuli formebi sxvadasxva 

mwkrivisebad ar gaigeba: 

vwer _ awmKo, magram vwere 

da-vwer _ mKofadi, da-vwere wKvetili. 

rogorc cnobilia, Zvel qarTulSic gvaqvs amgvarive dapirispireba 

pirvel seriaSi zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa 

Soris, magram zmniswiniT gansxvavebuli formebi sxvadasxva 

mwkrivad ar gaiazreboda. aspeqtis sistemaSi momxdari cvlilebebi 

awmKos zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa Soris drouli 

dapirispirebis safuZveli gaxda: uzmniswino formam awmKo drois 

gadmocema itvirTa, zmniswinianma _ momavlisa. `paralelur 

formaTa gansxvavebuli gamoKenebiT axalma sistemam awmKos Jgufis 

sami mwkrivisagan warmoqmna sami axali mwkrivi, gansxvavebuli 

erTimeorisagan Sesabamisad ara marto aspeqtis mixedviT, aramed 

droisa da sxva elementebis mixedviTac. es moxda ise, rom garegnulad 

axali araferi ar Kofila Seqmnili, _ gamoKenebuli iqna 

arsebuli maragi formebisa, oGond gramatikuli Sinaarsis Se- 

137

138 


cvliT!~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 270). ùzmniswino forma axlandel 

dros aGniSnavs, zmniswiniani _ momavals. ase miviGeT erTis nacvlad 

or mwkrivi: awmKo da mKofadi. aseve gaimiJna maTgan nawarmoebi 

sxva mwkrivebic: uwKveteli da xolmeobiTi, awmKos kav- 

SirebiTi da mKofadis kavSirebiTi~ (z. yumburiZe, 1986, gv. 5). 

amgvarad, mKofadis damoukidebel mwkrivad gamoKofa drois 

kategoriis safuZvelze moxda. `mwkrivis elementebis~ mixedviT 

Tu SevadarebT awmKosa da mKofads, aseT suraTs miviGebT: 

awmKo: dro _ umetesad axlandeli mKofadi: dro _ momavali 

kilo _ TxrobiTi kilo _ TxrobiTi 

Tu davuSvebT, rom amgvari dapirispireba sakmarisia wers 

wers 

da dawer dawers dawer formaTa sxvadasxva mwkrivebad miCnevisaTvis, gayirdeba 

amgvarive safuZvlis moZebna werda werda _ _ _ dawerda dawerda formaTaTvis. 

am formebs ase axasiaTeben: 

uwKveteli uwKveteli 

xolmeobiTi 

xolmeobiTi 

dro _ w a r s u l i dro _ w a r s u l i 

kilo _ T x r o b i T i kilo _ T x r o b i T i 

Tanmdevroba _ e r T d r o u l i gzisoba _ m r a v a l g z i s i 

gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom Tanamdevrobas `zogJer Seicavs~ 

da aseve zogJer SeiZleba gamoxatos mravalgzisi moqmedeba (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 210). 

rogorc vxedavT, ùGlebis kategoriaTa~ mixedviT daxasia- 

Teba uwKvetlisa da xolmeobiTisa identuria. marTalia, a. Sani- 

Ze uwKvetlis mwkrivis daxasiaTebisas xazgasmiT ar mianiSnebs 

mravalgzisobaze, magram xolmeobiTis kategoriaze msJelobisas 

aGniSnavs, `cocxal kiloTa umetesobam da saliteraturo qar- 

Tulma es formebi (e. i. mravalgzisobis gamomxatveli formebi 

_ g. g.) dakarga, samagierod maTi gamoxatva uwKvetelsa da misgan 

nawarmoeb xolmeobiTis mwkrivs daakisra~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 

210). l. kvayaZe uwKvetlis daxasiaTebisas xazgasmiT aGniSnavs: 

ùwKvetlis mwkriviT mravalgzisoba gadmoicema~ (l. kvayaZe, 

1981, gv. 253). amdenad, ùGlebis kategoriaTa~ mixedviT uwKvetlisa 

da xolmeobiTis mwkrivebs Soris sxvaoba araa. Tumca xol-


meobiTis mwkrivisagan uwKvetlisaTvis ganmasxvavebel niSnad Tanamdevrobac 

miiCneva: `zogJer is Tanamdevrobasac Seicavs, _ saxeldobr 

erTdroulobas warsulSi~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 218). 

araa SemTxveviTi, rom avtori Tanamdevrobas uwKvetlis formisaTvis 

Cveulebriv damaxasiaTeblad ar miiCnevs (`zogJer is Tanamdevrobasac 

Seicavs~...). rogorc aGvniSneT, Tanamdevroba, Tuki 

saerTod SeiZleba CaiTvalos kategoriad, araa morfologiuri 

kategoria. msJeloba èr er erTdro 

Tdroulia 

Tdro lia zmnis forma, romelic 

gvagebinebs, rom erTi moqmedeba sxva dasaxelebul (an nagulisxmev) 

moqmedebasTan erTad xdeboda~ _ gulisxmobs, rom Tanamdevrobaze 

mxolod rTul konstruqciebSi SeiZleba saubari. 

moKvanili magaliTebic amis dasturia: `Sin rom mivedi, Tovda~. 

`Tovda~ formiT gamoxatuli dro emTxveva Sin dabrunebis 

dros~ (gv. 213). martiv konstruqciebSi xmarebul uwKvetlis 

formiT gamoxatul Tanamdevrobaze ver visaubrebT. faqtobriv 

Tanamdevroba gamodis sxvadasxva konstruqciaSi sxvadasxva zmniT 

gamoxatul moqmedebaTa urTierTmimarTeba drois TvalsazrisiT, 

rac ama Tu im zmnis morfologiur maxasiaTeblad ar SeiZleba 

miviCnioT. 

garda amisa, a. SaniZe uwKvetelsa da xolmeobiTs Soris aspeqtur 

sxvaobazec mianiSnebs: ufro zustad, uwKvetlisaTvis 

damaxasiaTeblad usruli aspeqtis gamoxatvas miiCnevs: `zogJer 

agreTve sruli aspeqtis gadmocema ekisreba~ (gv. 219). magram aspeqti, 

avtoris azriT, warmoqmnis kategoriaa da uGlebis saki- 

Txebis ganxilvisas, kerZod, mwkrivTa gamoKofisas, mxedvelobaSi 

ar miiGeba. winaaGmdeg SemTxvevaSi ake akeTa ake 

Ta da ga gaake ga ke keTa ke Ta sxvadasxva 

mwkrivis formebad CaiTvleboda... 

gamodis, rom awmKo-mKofadis gamoKofa movaxdineT uGlebis 

erT-erTi kategoriis _ drois _ mixedviT. uwKveteli da xolmeobiTi 

uGlebis kategoriaTa mixedviT ar gansxvavdeba. miviCnevT 

ki mainc sxvadasxva mwkrivebad awmKosa da mKofadis msgavsad. 

aseTivea mimarTeba awmKos kavSirebiTsa da mKofadis kavSirebiTs 

Soris. 

àwmKos awmKos kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire Sire 

rebi 

biTi 

Ti. Ti Sedgeba ori elementisagan: droisa 

da kilosagan. dro exlandelia an momavali, kilo _ kavSirebi- 

Ti~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 219). 

139

140 


`mKofa mKofa mKofadis mKofadis 

dis kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire Sire 

rebi 

biTi biTi 

Ti. Ti am mwkrivs moepoveba ori elementi: 

dro (mom.) da kilo (kavS.)~ (iqve, gv. 220). 

rogorc vxedavT, or mwkrivs Soris arsebiTi sxvaoba araa. 

Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviGebT imas, rom awmKos kavSirebiTs, rogorc 

aGniSnaven, SeiZleba zogJer axlandeli drois gagebac 

hqondes. 

Tu am faqts davemKarebiT, gamova, rom awmKos kavSirebiTi 

damoukidebel mwkrivad maSin unda miviCnioT, roca is awmKo 

drois gamomxatvelia. Tu mas momavali drois gageba eqneba, misi 

maxasiaTeblebi daemTxveva mKofadis kavSirebiTisas da, amdenad, 

calke mwkrivad misi gaazreba arc iqneba SesaZlebeli. 

ra ganasxvavebs arsebiTad uwKvetels xolmeobiTisagan da 

awmKos kavSirebiTs mKofadis kavSirebiTisagan? sxvaoba aspeqturia: 

àwmKos wris mwkrivebi usruli aspeqtisaa, mKofadis wrisa 

ki _ srulisa~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 263). vwer vwerdi vwer di da vwer vwerde vwer vwer de usruli 

aspeqtis formebia, da davwer da 

vwer vwerdi vwer di da da davwer da 

vwer vwerde vwer de _ srulisa. 

vimeorebT, sxva gansxvaveba zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa 

Soris ar aris. 

analogiuri xasiaTis semantikuri dapirispirebaa meore da 

mesame seriis zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa Soris: 

usruli usruli usruli aspeqti aspeqti sruli sruli aspeqtia 

vwere da-vwere 

vwero da-vwero 

miweria da-miweria 

mewera da-mewera 

meweros da-meweros 

aSkaraa, rom mwkrivTa gamoKofis procesi darGveulia: Tu 

meore da mesame seriis zmniswiniani da uzmniswino formebi erTi 

mwkrivisebadaa miCneuli, sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad ar unda 

CaiTvalos wer werda wer wer da da da dawer da 

wer werda 

da, da , wer werdes wer 

des des da da dawer da 

wer werdes 

des; des anda piriqiT 

_ sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad unda miviCnioT meore da mesame 

seriis zmniswiniani da uzmniswino variantebic (rogorc es 

gaakeTa d. Kifianma). 

TiTqosda sxvagvaria viTareba awmKosa da mKofadis SemTxvevaSi. 

marTalia, zmniswinian da uzmniswino formebs Soris aspeq-


turi sxvaoba aqac iseTivea, rogorc sxva SemTxvevaSi _ awmKos 

formebi usruli aspeqtisa, mKofadisa _ srulis (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 263) _ magram maT Soris drouli mimarTebis sakiTxi 

dgeba gansxvavebulad. aris Tu ara es sakmarisi awmKosa da mKofadis 

sxvadasxva mwkrivad miCnevisaTvis? 

vfiqrobT, ara: 

awmKo-mKofadis formaTa dapirispirebaSi zmniswins gansakuTrebuli 

roli aqvs miniyebuli; rogorc iTqva, awmKos safuZvelze 

ori mwkrivis gamoKofa _ awmKosa da mKofadis _ Sedegia 

zmniswinis mier drouli dapirispirebis funqciis SeZenisa. 

zmniswins mwkrivTa mawarmoebladac miiCneven: `zmniswins qarTul- 

Si da, saerTod, qarTvelur enebSi, rogorc cnobilia, ramdenime 

funqcia akisria: mimarTulebis (gezisa da orientaciis) Cveneba, 

sruli aspeqtis gamoxatva, mwkriv mwkrivTa mwkriv Ta warmo warmoeba warmo 

ba da zmnis fuZis 

mniSvnelobis Secvla~ (z. yumburiZe, 1986, gv. 97) (xazi Cvenia _ 

g. g.). miuxedavad imisa, rom mKofadis wris mwkrivTa gamoKofa 

samecniero gramatikaSi a. SaniZem daamkvidra, mis naazrevSi zmniswinis 

funqciad mwkrivTa warmoeba araa miCneuli. a. SaniZe miu- 

TiTebs zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa Soris arsebul droul 

dapirispirebaze awmKosa da mKofads Soris da amis safuZvelze 

axdens axali mwkrivis gamoKofas. awmKo-mKofadis analogiiT 

xdeba mKofadis wris sxva mwkrivTa gamoKofac: `paralelur 

formaTa gansxvavebuli gamoKenebiT axalma sistemam awmKos Jgufis 

sami mwkrivisagan warmoqmna sami axali mwkrivi, gansxvavebuli 

erTimeorisagan, Sesabamisad ara marto aspeqtis mixedviT, aramed 

droisa da sxva elementebis mixedviTac~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 270). 

rogorc vxedavT, aspeqtis sistemaSi momxdari cvlilebebi 

iwvevs zmniswinTa funqciebis zrdas, rac safuZvlad edeba mKofadis 

wris gamoKofas. avtori Tavs aridebs, miiCnios zmniswini 

mwkrivis mawarmoeblad. es aris safuZveli imisa, rom mwkrivTa 

warmoebis sakiTxebis ganxilvisas cal-calke ar ganixilavs awmKosa 

da mKofadis wris mwkrivTa warmoebas; miuTiTebs kidec: `pirvel 

seriaSi ori wris mwkrivebi Semodis, magram formaTa warmoebis 

TvalsazrisiT arsebiTad erTi romelime wris mwkrivebia sakmarisi 

(mag., awmKos wrisa), radgan or wred gaKofa erTi seriisa axali 

sistemis aspeqtis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT moxda da ganaKof mwkri- 

141

142 


vebs erTnairi niSnebi aqvT~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 423). amitomac, avtori 

msJelobs awmKos warmoebaze da gulisxmobs mKofadsac... 

awmKo-mKofadis mimarTebis sakiTxi rom mxolod zmniswinian 

da uzmniswino formaTa mimarTebis garkveviT ar gadawKdeba, es, 

ra Tqma unda, aSkara da naTelia avtorisaTvis da amitomacaa, 

rom zmniswins mwkrivis mawarmoeblad ar miiCnevs. a. SaniZe xazgasmiT 

aGniSnavs: ìmdenad mravalferovania warmoqmnis nuansebi 

zmniswinTa gamoKenebis sakiTxSi, rom SeuZlebelia, specialuri 

gamokvlevis gareSe, Tundac miaxlovebiT, aGinusxos ZiriTadi xazebi 

am sakiTxSi~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 253). a. SaniZis moZGvrebis 

safuZvelze Seqmnil naSromebSi ki zmniswini mwkrivis mawarmoebladaa 

miCneuli (ix. l. kvayaZe, 1981, gv. 254; a. kiziria, 1984, 

gv. 94; z. yumburiZe, 1986, gv. 97). 

5555....2222. . . . mKofadis mKofa mKofa mKofadis 

dis dis wris wris wris wris gamoKofis gamoKofis gamoKofis gamoKofis isto is is isto 

toria toria 

ria ria da da da da marTe mar mar marTe 

Tebu Tebu 

bulo bulo 

loba loba 

ba ba 

p a s u x i s g a c e m a s s a y i r o e b s k i T x v e b i: aris 

ki zmniswini is elementi, romelic SeiZleba miviCnioT awmKomKofadis 

ganmasxvaveblad? sxvagvarad: awmKo-mKofadis formaTa 

dapirispireba SeiZleba Tu ara miviCnioT, rogorc dapirispireba 

sxvadasxva sauGlebeli erTeulebisa? saerTod, ra formobrivi 

safuZveli gvaqvs awmKosa da mKofadis sxvadasxva sauGlebel 

erTeulebad miCnevisa? 

axlandeli da momavali droebis gamoxatva, rac awmKosa da 

mKofadis mwkrivTa sxvaobis safuZvladaa miCneuli, KovelTvis 

araa dakavSirebuli zmniswinTan. aq. z. yumburiZis samarTliani 

SeniSvniT, `sakmaod nairferovani suraTia~. 

a) moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa umravlesobaSi awmKosa da 

mKofadis formebs zmniswini ganasxvavebs: 

awmKo awmKo awmKo mKofadi Kofadi 

akeTebs ga-akeTebs 

aSenebs a-aSenebs 

xatavs da-xatavs 

wers da-wers da mravali sxva.


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : roca mKofadis formebSi zmniswinTa Senacvleba 

drouli mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT arafers Secvlis, 

magaliTebSi mxolod erT-erT maTgans 

warmovadgenT, ufro neitralurs, zogadi semantikis 

gamomxatvels. 

magram zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa dapirispireba am 

tipis zmnebSic araa KovelTvis erTgvari. Tu zmniswiniani forma, 

Cveulebriv, mxolod momaval dros gamoxatavs, uzmniswinos 

Seswevs unari gamoxatos rogorc axlandeli, aseve momavali dro 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 218). a. SaniZe am tipis magaliTebad asaxelebs 

zmnebs: vyam, vwer, vaSeneb, vaswavli... magaliTebis dasaxeleba 

Sesabamisad SeiZleba gagrZeldes. faqtia, amgvari formebi 

konteqstisda Sesabamisad SeiZleba erT SemTxvevaSi axlandel 

dros gamoxatavdes, sxva SemTxvevaSi, momavals (zogJer SeiZleba 

drouli mniSvnelobisagan saerTod daclili iKos). formaTa 

ganawileba drouli TvalsazrisiT aseTi iqneba: 

axlandeli axlandeli momavali 

momavali 

vyam vyam _ Se-vyam 

zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa dapirispireba momavali 

drois gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSi aspeqturi iqneba, iseTive, rogoricaa 

II da III seriaSi: 

usruli aspeqti _ vyam, sruli aspeqti _ Sevyam. 

b) aris erTi nawili gardamavali zmnebisa, romlebic 

`zmniswinis darTvis unars moklebulia~ da èrTi da imave formiT 

gadmoscems rogorc axlandel dros, ise momavals. ase magaliTad, 

adGeg adGegrZe adGeg adGegrZe 

rZelebs rZe lebs niSnavs rogorc `sadGegrZelos eubneba~, 

aseve `sadGegrZelos etKvis~ (z. yumburiZe, 1986, gv. 36). 

am tipis zmnebia: aiZulebs, aniSnebs, agemebs, akurTxebs, amcnobs, 

amxilebs, anacvalebs da sxva. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna mKofadis warmoebis sakiTxebi _ warmoebis saSualebebi 

_ safuZvlianad aris Seswavlili z. yumburiZis 

monografiaSi `mKofadi qarTvelur eneb- 

143

144 


Si~ (gv. 85-130). Cveni msJeloba ZiriTadad am na- 

Sroms emKareba. 

aseTivea viTareba mxolod u- prefiqsiani moqmedebiTi gvaris 

formebSi: uanderZebs, uboZebs, udepeSebs, uTanagrZnobs, uTvalTvalebs, 

ukarnaxebs da misTanani (z. yumburiZe, 1986, gv. 87). 

zmniswins ar dairTavs agreTve mozrdili Jgufi moqmedebi- 

Ti gvaris zmnebisa, romelTa umetesoba nasaxelaria da eb Temis 

niSniT aris nawarmoebi... am tipis zmnaTa saarviso qcevis forma 

gvxvdeba moqmedebiT gvarSi rogorc axlandelis, ise momavali 

drois gagebiT: abanakebs, (ar) aboginebs, adardebs, adGegrZelebs, 

avaxSmebs, aTareSebs, aTevzavebs... da mravali sxva~ (iqve). 

àxlandeli da momavali drois formebi garCeuli araa uzmniswino 

zmnaTa SualobiTi kontaqtis formebSic, rogoricaa, 

magaliTad: agebinebs, akurTxebinebs, azGvevinebs, aceminebs, abanavebinebs, 

Tavs adebinebs da sxva~ (iqve, gv. 89). 

g) àris zmnaTa sakmaod didi Jgufi, romelic moqmedebas 

upiratesad xangrZlivi procesis saxiT warmogvidgens da usruli 

aspeqtis formiT ixmareba. aseTi zmnebi mKofadSi ufro xSirad 

uzmniswinod gvxvdeba, ase rom, awmKosa da mKofadis (usruli 

aspeqtis) formaTa damTxveva am zmnebSi sistematur xasiaTs 

atarebs. aseTia, magaliTad: abodebs, aTamaSebs, akvnesebs, akivlebs, 

akotrialebs... da sxvani~ (iqve, gv. 95-96). 

Cven is SemTxvevebi warmovadgineT, roca uzmniswino forma 

gamoxatavs rogorc axlandeli, aseve momavali drois mniSvnelobas. 

d) `formiT awmKoa da umTavresad axlandeli drois gagebas 

atarebs, magram amjamad momavali drois gagebiTac SeiZleba 

Segvxvdes eniani vnebiTis formebi: ealerseba, earSiKeba, ebaaseba, 

eduduneba, eTamaSeba... zogi amgvari forma mKofadSi zmniswini- 

Tac SeiZleba warmogvidges, riTac gairCeva mKofadis sruli da 

usruli aspeqti; magaliTad: ealerseba _ moealerseba, earSiKeba 

_ gaearSiKeba, ebaaseba _ gamoebaaseba da sxvani~ (iqve, gv. 96). 

e) aris SemTxvevebi, roca zmniswiniani formebi gamoxatavs 

rogorc axlandeli, aseve momavali drois mniSvnelobasac. `zmnebi, 

romlebic awmKoSic zmniswiniania, zmniswins ver icileben im 

Sinaarsobrivi sxvaobis gamo, rac am zmniswinis meSveobiT aris


gamoxatuli... magaliTad: mi-brZandeba, mi-agebs... mo-aswavebs, mouwodebs, 

mo-ixseniebs... da-edgomeba, da-eJereba, da-iSveba... gadmohKurebs, 

gadmo-scems... Se-icavs, Se-exeba...~ (iqve, gv. 89). 

`gansakuTrebiT xSirad gvxvdeba aseT SemTxvevaSi aG-, aGmo- 

da gan-, gamo- zmniswinebi: aG-aSfoTebs, aG-adgens... aGmo-fxvris, 

aGmo-acenebs, aGmo-cendeba... gan-agebs, gan-agrZobs, gan-avrcobs... 

gamo-ricxavs, gamo-saxavs... da sxvani...~ `raki es zmnebi awmKoSiac 

zmniswiniani arian, awmKosa da mKofads veGar ganasxvaveben da 

orive mwkrivSi erTi formiT warmogvidgebian... saziaro forma- 

Ta Soris gansxvaveba konteqstis meSveobiT mKardeba~ (iqve, gv. 

89-90). 

v) iseTi SemTxvevebic aris, roca zmnas aqvs rogorc uzmniswino, 

aseve zmniswiniani formebi, magram drouli mniSvneloba 

mxolod axlandelisa aqvs; aseTi viTareba, Cveulebriv, saSuali 

gvaris zmnebTan gvaqvs: 

rbis _ mirbis 

qris _ daqris 

xtis _ daxtis da mravali sxva. 

z) aris SemTxvevebic, roca zmniswinian Tu uzmniswino 

formebs mxolod momavali drois gageba aqvs: 

iTamaSebs _ gaiTamaSebs 

irbens _ gairbens 

ifrens _ gaifrens 

ikiTxavs _ gaikiTxavs da misTanani. 

es ukanaskneli SemTxvevebi sxva mxrivac aris saintereso: 

Tu zmniswinian da uzmniswino formebs mxolod awmKo drois gageba 

aqvT, isini imave fuZisagan mKofads ver iwarmoeben; nasesxebi 

formebiT ivseben naklul mwkrivebs: 

rbi-s _ irben-s 

qri-s _ iqroleb-s 

xti-s _ ixtuneb-s 

da, Sesabamisad, Tu zmniswinian an uzmniswino formebs mxo- 

145

146 


lod momavali drois gageba aqvT, awmKoSi sxva fuZisagan warmoebuli 

formebi enacvlebaT: 

iTamaSeb-s _ TamaSob-s 

ifren-s _ fren-s º frinav-s 

ikiTxav-s _ kiTxulob-s... 

es imiTaa saintereso, rom am tipis zmnebSi zmniswinebs 

drouli gageba ar SeaqvT... 

T) aris sagangebo SemTxvevebic, roca momavali drois 

mniSvnelobis mqone uzmniswino formebs zmniswinis darTva axlandeli 

drois mniSvnelobas aniyebs: 

m o m a v a l i d r o a x l a n d e l i d r o 

igijebs igijebs _ `gijiviT moiqceva~; moigijebs moigijebs _ `cotaTi gijia, 

mTlad ykviani ar aris~; 

izarmacebs 

izarmacebs izarmacebs _ `zarmacobas da- moizarmacebs moizarmacebs _ `zarmacis TviseiwKebs, 

zarmacobas mohKveba~; bebs iCens, odnav zarmacia~; 

iTavxedebs iTavxedebs _ `Tavxedobas gamo- waiTavxedebs waiTavxedebs _ `cota ar iKos, 

iCens, Tavxedurad moiqceva~; Tavxedia~; 

ikoylebs ikoylebs _ `koylobiT ivlis~; moikoylebs moikoylebs _ òdnav koylia~; 

iavadmKofebs iavadmKofebs _ àvad iqneba ga- moiavadmKofebs moiavadmKofebs _ òdnav avad 

rkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi~; 

aris~; 

iavadebs iavadebs _ ìgivea, rac iavad- moiavadebs moiavadebs _ ìgivea, rac moimKofebs~; 

avadmKofebs~; 

isulelebs isulelebs _ `suleliviT, moisulelebs moisulelebs _ `cota sulesulelurad 

moiqceva, sisu- lia, mosuleloa~. 

leles Caidens~ 

SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna ganmartebebi aGebulia `qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi 

leqsikonidan~. 

aseve: ibriKvebs ibriKvebs da moibriKvebs 

moibriKvebs; 

moibriKvebs 

iavebs iavebs da waiavebs waiavebs; waiavebs waiavebs 

ibeJiTes ibeJiTes da waibeJiTebs waibeJiTebs da misTanani. 

amgvarad, Cven ganvixileT 8 Jgufi zmnebisa, romlebic ax-


landeli da momavali droebis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT principul 

sxvaobas iCenen im tipis zmnebisagan, romlebSic axlandel 

da momaval droebs zmniswini ganasxvavebs. warmodgenili SemTxvevebis 

ganxilva aSkarad warmoaCens, rom zmniswinian da uzmniswino 

formaTa dapirispireba araa mKari safuZveli awmKosa da 

mKofadis sxvadasxva mwkrivad gamoKofisaTvis; sxvagvarad: awmKosa 

da mKofadis mwkrivebze msJelobisas ganzogadeba imisa, rom mKofadis 

forma iwarmoeba awmKosagan zmniswinis darTviT, ar Cans 

gamarTlebuli, radgan suraTi aseTia: 

uzmniswino formas aqvs: 1. mxolod awmKos gageba 

2. awmKosa da mKofadis gageba 

3. mxolod mKofadis gageba 

zmniswinian formas aqvs: 1. mxolod awmKos gageba 

2. mxolod mKofadis gageba 

3. awmKosa da mKofadis gageba 

da Tu imasac gavixsenebT, rom `dro da kilo ar aris morfologiuri 

kategoria, Sesabamisad: erTi mwkrivis formaTa meorisagan 

gansxvavebulad ver miviCnevT e. w. `mwkrivis elementebs~. mwkrivis 

gansazGvra am elementebis mixedviT ar moxerxdeba~ _ drois 

kategoriis safuZvelze awmKosa da mKofadis sxvadasxva mwkrivebad 

CaTvla gayirdeba. 

amdenad, formawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT formaTa dapirispireba 

a k e T e b s _ g a a k e T e b s 

a k e T e b d a _ g a a k e T e b d a 

a k e T e b d e s _ g a a k e T e b d e s imave rigisaa, rogorc 

a k e T a _ g a a k e T a da sxva. 

Kvela SemTxvevaSi gansxvaveba zmniswins emKareba. amitom I seriaSi 

ori wris gamoKofis sakiTxi martivad ver gadawKdeba: 

gverds ver avuvliT garegnulad amgvaradve gansxvavebul II da III 

seriis formebs, aq erTi arsebiTi xasiaTis sakiTxia gadasayreli: 

ramdenadac mwkrivTa sxvaoba fuZeTa sxvaobazea damKarebuli, 

zmniswinisa da zmnuri fuZis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi moi- 

Txovs garkvevas. 

147

148 


5555....3333. . . . Se Sedis Se Sedis 

dis dis Tu Tu Tu Tu ara ara ara ara zmniswi zmnis zmnis zmniswi 

wini wini 

ni ni fuuuuZe ff 

f Ze ZeSi ZeSi 

Si???? Si 

sanam am kiTxvas gavcemT pasuxs, gavixsenoT, ra aris fuZe. 

zmnuri fuZis ganmartebisas KuradGeba pirisa da ricxvis niSnebzea 

gamaxvilebuli (`fuZe aris is nawili zmnisa, romelsac Camo- 

Sorebuli aqvs pirisa da ricxvis niSnebi~). am ganmartebis Sesabamisad, 

zmniswini, TavisTavad cxadia, fuZis nawilad gaiazreba. 

pirveli seriis mwkrivTa analizi mxolod am Tvalsazriss uyers 

mxars: zmniswini aq mwkrivebs ganasxvavebs: 

akeTebs 

akeTebda 

akeTebdes 

_ 

_ 

_ 

ga-akeTebs 

ga-akeTebda 

ga-akeTebdes 

sxvagvari viTareba II da III seriis SemTxvevaSi: zmniswinis 

qona-arqona mwkrivis formaTa ganmasxvavebeli faqtori ar aris; 

erTi da imave mwkrivis formebia: 

akeTa 

akeTos 

ukeTebia 

ekeTebina 

ekeTebinos 

da 

da 

da 

da 

da 

ga-akeTa 

ga-akeTos 

ga-ukeTebia 

ga-ekeTebina 

ga-ekeTebinos 

zmniswini am SemTxvevaSi fuZiseulad aGar gaiazreba: winaaGmdeg 

SemTxvevaSi ake akeTa ake Ta da ga gaake ga ke keTa ke Ta sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad 

unda iqnes gagebuli (rogorc akeTebda da gaakeTebda), ramdenadac 

mwkrivTa Soris sxvaobas fuZeTa sxvaoba qmnis. 

mokled: zmniswinisa da zmnuri fuZis mimarTebis sakiTxi 

problemuria da rTuli. garkveuli pasuxi kiTxvaze _ zmniswini 

Sedis Tu ara zmnur fuZeSi (mwkrivis fuZeSi) _ araa gacemuli. 

metic, es sakiTxi arcaa dasmuli samecniero literaturaSi. Cveulebriv, 

zmnur fuZeze msJelobisas uzmniswino formebs ganixilaven. 

ufro metic, Tuki amis SesaZlebloba arsebobs, uGlebis 

tipebsa da saxeobebze msJelobisas ZiriTadad uzmniswino formebs 

warmogvidgenen.


aris faqtorebi, romlebic zmniswins fuZiseulad gagvaazrebinebs. 

Jer erTi: calkeuli Jgufis zmnebi ama Tu im mwkrivis 

formebSi uzmniswinod ar gvxvdeba. mag.: ùwindebulod doniani 

vnebiTi (keTda, Senda, Zlierda...) namKo ZiriTadSi SeuZlebelia~ 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1950, gv. 81); isic cnobilia, rom zmniswini zmnas 

leqsikur mniSvnelobas ucvlis: `windebulis darTvisas fuZis 

mniSvneloba SeiZleba arsebiTadac Seicvalos. Sdr.: ga-igo, moigo, 

da-igo~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950, gv. 061). garda amisa, ìSviaTad 

iseTi zmnebic gvxvdeba, romlebic uzmniswinod ar ixmareba; 

gvaqvs: mi-vida, mo-vida... magram calke vida amjamad ar mogvepoveba~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 239). zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa 

sxvadasxva saleqsikono erTeulebad miCneva (mag. `qarTuli enis 

ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~) zmniswinis fuZiseulobas dauyerda 

mxars da, rogorc iTqva, awmKos wrisa da mKofadis wris mwkriv- 

Ta sxvadasxva sauGlebel erTeulebad warmodgena mxolod am 

Tvalsazrisze daKrdnobiT SeiZleba; zmnaTa umravlesobaSi 

awmKosa da mKofadis wris mwkrivTa formebis dapirispireba mxolod 

zmniswinis saSualebiT xdeba. 

magram zmniswinis fuZiseulad gaazrebas zmnur formawarmoebaSi 

ramdenime sirTule axlavs. pirvel rigSi, rogorc iTqva, 

II da III seriis zmniswiniani da uzmniswino formebi (wera _ dawera, 

an Cawera...) sxvadasxva sauGlebel erTeulebad unda iqnes 

gagebuli, rogorc es pirvel seriaSia; anda, sxvadasxva zmnis 

(wers, dawers, Cawers...) _ erTi da imave mwkrivis formebad. magram 

amgvarad gadawKveta sakiTxisa winaaGmdegobaSi mova pirveli 

seriis mwkrivTa gamoKofis principTan. 

Tu zmniswins fuZiseulad gaviazrebT, imdeni fuZe gveqneba, 

erTi da imave zmnuri Zirisagan warmoebuli, ramdenic zmniswiniani 

variantic gvaqvs ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi. mag.: dawers, Cawers, 

miwers, mowers, gawers, aGwers, amowers, gadawers, gamowers, Camowers, 

gadmowers... dGes miGebuli Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, Kvela 

es forma erTi da imave wers wers zmnis mKofadis formebia, 

zmniswiniT gansxvavebuli. sxvadasxva fuZeze an sxvadasxva zmnaze 

am SemTxvevaSi Cveulebriv ar saubroben. zogadad mieniSneba, rom 

forma zmniswiniania da nimuSad romelime maTgans (Cveulebriv 

netraluri, zogadi semantikuri mniSvnelobisas) warmoadgenen 

(mag. wers wers zmnisaTvis da dawers da 

wers formas). Tu zmniswins fuZiseulad 

149

150 


gaviazrebT, imden fuZeze unda vilaparakoT, ramdeni zmniswiniani 

formac gvaqvs. 

aris kidev erTi arsebiTi xasiaTis faqtori: a. SaniZe wers 

_ `zmniswini igivea zmnisaTvis, rac Tandebuli saxelisaTvis. 

erTic da meorec damoukidebeli sitKva iKo erT dros, magram 

damoukidebloba dakarges da Seezardnen saxels an zmnas. msgavseba 

amiT ar amoiwureba. zog SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive `sitKva~ 

(odesGac damoukidebeli) saxelTan Tandebulad aris gamoKenebuli, 

zmnasTan ki _ zmniswinad~) (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 260). tmesis 

movlena Zveli qarTulisaTvis am Tvalsazrisis naTeli dadasturebaa. 

savsebiT gasaziarebelia a. SaniZis daskvna, am movlenis 

ganxilvis Sedegad gakeTebuli: `rogorc magaliTebidan Cans, 

zmniswins erTgvari damoukidebloba aqvs, is aucileblad mikruli 

ar aris zmnaze... didi ar aris es damoukidebloba, magram mainc 

gviCvenebs im gzas, romelic zmniswins gauvlia sruli damoukideblobidan 

srul daqvemdebarebamde da morfemad qcevamde. 

dGes tmesisa Soreuli mogonebaGa gvaqvs, ramdenadac zmna da 

zmniswini mainc iKofa pirisa, qcevisa da gvaris niSnebad an mimGeobaTa 

afiqsebad~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 260). 

zmnuri formawarmoebis sakiTxebis ganxilvisas Cven am ukanasknel 

Tvalsazriss daveKrdnobiT; `zmniswini igivea zmnisaTvis, 

rac Tandebuli saxelisaTvis~. es es es Tval Tvalsaz Tval Tvalsaz 

sazri 

risi si zmnis zmniswins zmnis zmniswins 

wins fu fuZi fu 

Zi- Zi 

se seulad se 

lad lad ar ar ga gagva ga gagva 

gvaaz gvaaz 

azre 

rebi rebi 

binebs 

nebs. nebs 

marTalia, amgvari msJelobis safuZvelze zmniswinis arafu- 

Ziseulad miCneva erTgvarad pirobiTia, magram zmnur formaTa 

warmoebis sakiTxebis ganxilvisas am pirobiTobas aqvs safuZveli: 

mwkrivis fuZeTa warmoeba araa myidro kavSirSi zmniswinTan; 

sxvadasxva zmniswinTa monacvleoba erTi da imave mwkrivis formasTan 

aseve ar qmnis problemas formawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT. 

Kvela mwkrivis formaTa gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebelia zmniswin- 

Ta funqciebis ganzogadeba; fuZis semantikidan gamomdinare, 

zmniswini an mimarTulebas aGniSnavs, an aspeqtur dapirispirebas 

axdens, an leqsikur mniSvnelobas ucvlis zmnas (awmKo-mKofadis 

dapirispirebis SemTxvevaSic). ganzogadeba ar moxerxdeba, roca 

zmniswini droul mimarTebas cvlis, Tumca am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSic 

ki mxolod drouli mniSvnelobiT dapirispirebas arasodes 

ar axdens: sxva funqciebic ar gamoiricxeba zmniswinisa.


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna rogorc iTqva, zmniswinis funqciis ganzogadeba 

pirvelad d. Kifianma moaxdina. Sedegad gamartivda 

uGlebis sistema da analizic gaiolda. 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, zmniswini polisemantikuri monacemia 

_ erTsa da imave dros ramdenime mniSvnelobis Semcveli. 

romelime konkretul zmnur fuZesTan ra mniSvnelobac aqvs mas 

erT SemTxvevaSi, igive mniSvneloba eqneba amave zmnis sxva mwkrivis 

formebTan. sxvaobas rig SemTxvevaSi awmKo qmnis (drois faqtori 

Semodis aq), magram es ar aris zogadi kanonzomiereba awmKo-mKofadis 

dapirispirebisa da, Sesabamisad, safuZveli imisa, 

rom awmKo da misgan nawarmoebi mwkrivebi ganvasxvavoT mKofadisa 

da misgan nawarmoebi mwkrivebisagan. 

amgvarma gadawKvetam gaabundovna zmnur formaTa warmoebis 

sakiTxi: erTgvari warmoebis SemTxvevebi sxvadasxva mwkrivad iqna 

aGqmuli: 

a w m K o m K o f a d i 

i-keT-eb-s da i-mef-eb-s 

u-TvalTval-eb-s da u-patron-eb-s 

da-frin-av-s da da-xat-av-s 

ra Tqma unda, es sirTule awmKo-mKofadis dapirispirebaSi 

SemCneuli iKo. a. SaniZe sakiTxs ase svams: `Tu warmoebas mivaqcevT 

KuradGebas, isi isini isi ni Kve Kvela Kve 

la awmKos awmKos for forme for forme 

mebia mebia 

bia, bia magram mniSvnelobiT 

uTuod mKofadis wris zmnebTan erTad arian. awmKoSi 

maT sxva zmnebi enacvlebian... da, amis mixedviT maT mKofadSi 

aqvT mopovebuli adgili: `vnaxav~ mKofadis formaa, `vnaKav~ ki _ 

awmKosi, miuxedavad imisa, rom erTgvarad nawarmoebi formebia~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 275). am SemTxvevaSi, Tu formas orive drois 

gageba SeiZleba hqondes, zmniswinianebi mKofadSi unda movaTavsoT 

(mag.: gansazGvravs, aGniSnavs...), xolo uzmniswinoebi _ 

awmKoSi (mag.: adGegrZelebs, avaxSmebs...) (iqve). gamodis, rom Tu 

forma polisemiuria dros TvalsazrisiT, angariSs vuwevT mxolod 

formas da ugulebelvKofT awmKo-mKofadis dapirispirebis 

semantikur safuZvels; xolo Tu forma araa polisemiuri drois 

mixedviT, angariSs vuwevT semantikas da ugulebelKofili rCeba 

151

152 


awmKo-mKofadis dapirispirebis formobrivi safuZveli. e. i. Tavs 

iCens winaaGmdegoba. 

z. yumburiZes miaCnia, rom Tu forma polisemiuria drois 

TvalsazrisiT, angariSs vuwevT mxolod formas da ugulebelvKofT 

awmKo-mKofadis dapirispirebis semantikur safuZvels; 

xolo Tu forma araa polisemiuri drois mixedviT, angariSs vuwevT 

semantikas da ugulebelKofili rCeba awmKo-mKofadis dapirispirebis 

formobrivi safuZveli. e. i. Tavs iCens winaaGmdegoba. 

e. i.: 

z. yumburiZis azriT, `marTebuli iqneba, rom is zmniswiniani 

Tu uzmniswino formebi, romlebic gvxvdeba rogorc axlandeli, 

ise momavali drois gagebiT, mwkrivis mixedviTac polisemiurad 

vcnoT da, Tu axlandeli droa, awmKos mwkrivs mivakuTvnoT, 

momavlis gagebiT ki _ mKofadis mwkrivs~ (z. yumburiZe, 1986, gv. 

91). mwkrivTa gamoKofis formobrivi safuZveli aqac irGveva; Tu 

romeli mwkrivia, garCeva mxolod konteqstis mixedviT unda moxdes. 

Tumca a. SaniZe garkveviT wers: àm tipis uzmniswino formebi 

`mwkrivis TvalsazrisiT~ awmKo, xolo zmniswiniani _ `mwkrivis 

TvalsazriT~ mKofadi (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 266). formobrivi 

safuZveli dapirispirebisa irGveva maSinac, roca zmniswinian 

formebs mxolod axlandeli drois gageba aqvs, anda uzmniswino 

formebs _ mxolod momavali droisa. sabolood, awmKo-mKofadis 

gamoKofa ZiriTadad semantikur princips emKareba da ara formobrivs. 

formobrivi principis gatareba semantikurs daarGvevs... 

Tu erTsa da imave formas drouli mniSvnelobis sxvaobis 

mixedviT sxvadasxva mwkrivad miviCnevT awmKosa da mKofadSi, am 

principiT brZanebiTis mwkrivis gamoKofac iqneboda SesaZlebeli 

axal qarTulSi; miT umetes, rom am SemTxvevaSi semantikuri 

sxvaoba ufro mkveTria (kilos mixedviTac gansxvavdeba); vidre 

awmKo-mKofadis SemTxvevaSi (aq mxolod dro qmnis sxvaobas); magram 

sruliad samarTlianad `gaakeTe~ da `gaakeTe!~ sxvadasxva 

mwkrivis formebad ar miiCneva. es faqtic unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli 

awmKo-mKofadis mwkrivTa sakiTxis gadawKvetisas. 

rogorc vxedavT, awmKosa da mKofadis damoukidebel mwkrivebad 

gamoKofis sakiTxi seriozul sirTuleebs awKdeba. upirveles 

Kovlisa, irGveva zogadi principi. xolo xolmeobiTisa da 

mKofadis kavSirebiTis damoukidebel mwkrivebad miCneva ara mar-


to arGvevs am princips, aramed arsebiTad ewinaaGmdegeba mas. 

Tu awmKo-mKofadis SemTxvevaSi zogJer SeiZleba semantikuri momenti 

(drouli dapirispireba) mogveSveliebina, mKofadis wris 

sxva mwkrivTa SemTxvevaSi esec gamoiricxeba. 

vimeorebT: mKofadis wris gamoKofis gamarTleba zmniswins 

fuZiseulad gagvaazrebinebs. maSin, aseve unda gadawKdes II da III 

seriebis mwkrivTa fuZis sakiTxic _ zmniswins aqac unda gaewios 

angariSi; amgvari daSvebis SemTxvevaSi aspeqti gamova is semantikuri 

maxasiaTebeli, romlis mixedviTac zmniswinian da uzmniswino 

formebs sxvadasxva mwkrivad CavTvlidiT, ase ki sakiTxi Jer 

ar dasmula da, albaT, arc unda daisvas. rogorc aGiniSna, angariSgasawevia 

da gasaziarebeli d. Kifianiseuli gadawKveta saki- 

Txisa: àucilebelia, unda Semokldes rogorme es uGvlileba... 

gana ar SeiZleba, erTxel iTqvas da amiT gaTavdes, rom zmnas saxe 

sruli KovelTvis maSin miecema, rodesac Tavs prefiqsad erTerTi 

mimZGoli Tandebuli miuJdebao~ (d. Kifiani, 1982, gv. 104). 

am Tvalsazriss isic dauyers mxars, rom, Cveni azriT, dro 

da kilo, iseve rogorc Tanamdevroba, gezi da orientacia, araa 

morfologiuri kategoriebi da mxolod drouli da kilouri 

mniSvnelobebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli formebi damoukidebel 

mwkrivebad ar unda CaiTvalos. 

amgvarad, zmnis fuZis ganmartebisas CvenTvis ZalaSi rCeba 

tradiciuli Tvalsazrisi Semdegi dazustebiT: mwkri mwkrivis mwkri vis fu fuZe fu 

Ze 

aris aris aris is is na nawi na nawi 

wili wi li zmni zmnisa zmni 

sa sa, 

, romel el elsac el sac Camo CamoSo Camo 

So Sore 

rebu 

buli bu li aqvs aqvs zmnis zmniswi zmnis wi- 

ni ni, ni 

, pi piri pi 

ri risa ri sa da da ri ricxvis ri ricxvis 

cxvis niS niSne niS 

ne nebi 

bi. bi 

ram ramde ram ramde 

dena 

nadac na dac mwkriv mwkrivTa mwkriv Ta gamoKofa gamoKofa da da daJgu da 

Jgu Jgufe 

feba fe ba sa sawar sa sawar 

warmo 

moebe mo be- be 

li li fu fuZis fu Zis prin princips prin 

cips emKare emKareba emKare 

ba ba, ba , im imden im 

den mwkriv mwkrivze mwkriv ze un unda un 

da vi visa vi 

sa saub 

ubroT 

roT, roT , 

ra ramde ra de deni de ni gan gansxva gan 

sxva sxvave 

vebu 

buli bu li fu fuZec fu Zec ar arse ar arse 

sebobs 

bobs. bobs 

mwkrivis fuZis amgvari gagebis safuZvelze uGlebis sistema 

unda gaimarTos im principze, ra principiTac aris warmodgenili 

II da III seriaSi. es Tvalsazrisi I seriaSi sami mwkrivis gamoKofas 

varaudobs. amisdakvalad, axal qarTulSi zmnuri formebi 

daJgufdeba sam seriad da 8 mwkrivad. 

I I seria seria 

seria 

1-li mwkrivi (awmKo-mKofadi) _ (zmnisw.)- a k e T e b s 

153

154 


me-2 mwkrivi (uwKveteli-xolmeobiTi) _ (zmnisw.)- a k e T e b d a 

me-3 mwkrivi (I kavSirebiTi) _ (zmnisw.)- a k e T e b d e s 

II II seria 

seria 

me-4 mwkrivi (wKvetili) _ (zmnisw.)- a k e T a 

me-5 mwkrivi (II kavSirebiTi _ (zmnisw.)- a k e T o s 

III III seria 

seria 

me-6 mwkrivi (I TurmeobiTi) _ (zmnisw.)- u k e T e b i a 

me-7 mwkrivi (II TurmeobiTi) _ (zmnisw.)- e k e T e b i n a 

me-8 mwkrivi (III kavSirebiTi) _ (zmnisw.)- e k e T e b i n o s 

SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna 1. ramdenadac erTsa da imave zmnasTan SesaZlebelia 

sxvadasxva zmniswinTa monacvleoba, vamJobinebT, 

pirobiTad mivaniSnoT maTze. 

2. terminTa pirobiTobis Taobaze zemoTac iTqva. 

I seriaSic amJerad tradiciuli terminebis datovebas 

vamJobinebT. garkveul uxerxulobas 

SeiZleba qmnides pirveli da meore mwkrivis saxelebi 

(awmKo-mKofadi, uwKvetel-xolmeobiTi), magram 

axali qarTulisaTvis msJelobis gasaadvileblad 

es pirobiTobac dasaSvebad migvaCnia. 

5555....4444. . . . dro----ki dro dro dro ki kilo kilo 

loTa loTa 

Ta Ta siste sis sis siste 

tema tema 

ma ma da da da da ````qar qar qarTu qarTu 

Tuli Tuli 

li li enis enis enis enis 

ganmar gan gan ganmar 

marte marte 

tebi tebi 

biTi biTi 

Ti Ti leqsik leq leq leqsik 

sikooooni sik ni ni~~~~ ni 

gansaxilvel problemebTan dakavSirebT saintereso da angariSgasawevia 

`qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ Cveneba. 

qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis komisiam tradiciisagan 

gansxvavebiT zmnis piriani forma miiCnia ZiriTad saleqsikono 

erTeulad. upiratesoba mieniya awmKos mesame piris formas: 

`zmnis leqsikur erTeulad komisiam miiGo awmKos awmKos (mKofadis) 

mesame piri Kvela im warmoebisa, rac zeviT aGvniSneT: Te- 

Te 

savs savs, savs savs , iTe iTesavs iTe 

savs savs, savs , uTe uTesavs uTe 

savs savs, 

, aTes aTesvi aTes 

vi vinebs 

nebs, 

, eTe eTese eTe 

se seba 

ba, ba, 

, iTe iTese iTe 

se seba 

ba, ba, 

, Te Tesia Te 

sia sia, 

, 

uTe uTesia uTe sia (TiToeuli maTgani droebs awarmoebs: Tesavda, Tesavdes, 

Tesa, Tesos, uTesavs, eTeseba, eTesos, magram eseni leqsikur er- 

Teulebad ar ar mi miiC mi miiC 

iCne 

neva ne va da leqsikonSi ar Sedis~ (qegl, 1950, gv.


011). isic gavixsenoT, `rac rac rac zeviT aGvniSneT~: `zmnis eqspresiuli 

Zala didia. zmnas SeuZlia, warmogvidginos moqmedeba: rogorc 

p a s i u r i procesi da rogorc subieqtis a q t i u r o - 

b i s gamovlena: iTe iTese iTe iTese 

seba 

ba da Te Tesavs Te Tesavs 

savs; savs rogorc subieqtisTvis gankuTvnili 

da rogorc saobieqto (masTan _ aqtiuri, pasiuri): 

iTe iTesavs iTe iTesavs 

savs, savs , uTe uTesavs uTe uTesavs 

savs, savs , eTe eTese eTe eTese 

seba 

ba; ba rogorc subieqtis namoqmedari da 

rogorc sxvisi meSveobiT Sesrulebuli: Te Tesavs Te savs da aTes aTesvi aTes aTesvi 

vinebs 

nebs; nebs 

rogorc m d g o m a r e o b a, statikurs KofaSi: Tesia (e. i. daTesilia; 

kuTvnilebis aGniSvniT: uTesia), da rogorc procesi, dinamika: 

Tesavs, iTeseba, iTesavs da sxv.~ (iqve). 

rogorc vxedavT, gansxvavebul saleqsikono erTeulebadaa 

miCneuli sxvadasxva gvaris (aqtiuri Tu pasiuri), sxvadasxva qcevis, 

kauzatiuri Tu arakauzatiuri, statikuri Tu dinamikuri 

zmnebis awmKos mwkrivis III piris formebi: 

Tesavs 

iTesavs 

uTesavs 

aTesvinebs 

iTeseba 

eTeseba 

Tesia 

uTesia 

xazgasmiTaa aGniSnuli, rom `TiToeuli maTgani droebs 

iwarmoebs~, e. i. sxvadasxva mwkrivis forma moepoveba. 

e. i. saleqsikono formaa: T e s a v s 

misgan nawaremoebi droebia: Tesavda 

Tesavdes 

Tesa 

Tesos 

uTesia 

eTesa 

eTesos 

rva mwkrivis (drois) formaa warmodgenili: 

awmKo, uwKveteli, I kavSirebiTi, wKvetili, II kavSirebiTi, I 

TurmeobiTi, II TurmeobiTi da III kavSirebiTi. qegl-is wina- 

155

156 


sitKvaobaSi araferia Tqmuli e. w. mKofadis wris mwkrivTa 

formebis Sesaxeb: Tumca aqve, qeglis I tomSi, mTavari redaqtoris 

`qarTuli enis zogad daxasiaTebaSi~ I seria ase warmodgenili: 

àwmKos awmKos wKebaSi Sedis: 

1. awmKo; 

2. awmKosgan nawarmoebi n a m K o u s r u l i; 

3. namKo usrulisagan nawarmoebi k a v S i r e b i T i p i r v e l i; 

4. awmKosganve nawarmoebi m K o f a d i da 

5. mKofadisagan nawarmoebi p i r o b i T i ~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950, 

gv. 062). 

winasitKvaobaSi mwkrivTa formebis CamoTvlisas mKofadi da 

pirobiTi araa warmodgenili: da daTe da 

Te Tesavs 

savs, savs , da daTe da 

Te Tesav 

savda 

da. 

. da daTe da daTe 

Tesavs 

savs saleqsikono 

erTeuladaa warmodgenili (III tomi) ara rogorc Te Te- 

Te 

savs savs zmnis sxva drois (mwkrivis) forma, aramed rogorc damoukidebeli 

saleqsikono erTeuli; damoukidebel saleqsikono er- 

Teulebadaa warmodgenili T e s a v s zmnis Kvela zmniswiniani 

forma (morfologiurad mKofadis mwkrivis forma): d a T e s a v s, 

g a m o T e s a v s, g a n T e s a v s, m i T e s a v s, m o T e s a v s, S e T e - 

s a v s... ivaraudeba, rom Kvela es forma formobrivad da leqsikurad 

tolfasia T e s a v s zmnisa. es aris principuli xasiaTis 

winaaGmdegoba qegl-is winasitKvaobisa da qarTuli enis zogad 

daxasiaTebaSi warmodgenili Tvalsazrisebisa. 

vimeorebT: saleqsikono erTeulis (Tesavs) sxva mwkrivis 

formebi `leqsikur erTeulebad ar miiCnevao da leqsikonSi ar 

Sedis~. aqedan gamomdinare, is rac leqsikuri erTeulebia, ar 

SeiZleba erTi meoris mimarT mwkrivis formebad iqnes kvalificirebuli. 

TiToeul saleqsikono erTeuls _ awmKos (mKofadis) 

formas _ Tavisi mwkrivis formebi eqneba, romlebic `leqsikur 

erTeulebad ar miiCneva.~ sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, rac leqsikonSi 

Sedis, `drois formebi~ ar aris... 

ramdenadac Tavad leqsikonSi zmna im principiTaa warmodgenili, 

rac winasitKvaobaSia mocemuli, faqtia, rom `mKofadis 

forma~ aris ara àwmKos formis~ paradigmis wevri, aramed misi 

tolfasi. 

Tavad is faqti, rom winasitKvaSi amgvaradaa mocemuli _


awmKo awmKo (mKofa mKofa mKofadi 

di), di , erT odenobad aris miCneuli (frCxilebis 

funqcia am SemTxvevaSi ase gvesmis Cven). es ar aris awmKo awmKo an 

an 

mKofa mKofadi mKofa mKofadi 

di, di , es aris awmKo awmKo anu anu mKofa mKofadi mKofa mKofadi 

di. di 

faqtobriv, qegl-is rvatomeulSi zmnis warmodgenis principi 

mxars uyers Sexedulebas imis Taobaze, rom formobrivi TvalsazrisiT 

mKofadis wris mwkrivTa gamoKofa gaumarTlebelia. 

Zalian sainteresoa qegl-is erTtomeulis (1986 w.) winasitKvaobaSi 

arn. Ciqobavas ganmarteba saleqsikono erTeulis Sesaxeb: 

`saleqsikono erTeulis sakiTxi saxelisaTvis martivia, saxelobiTi 

an saxelobiTis f u Z e, ramdenadac leqsikuri mniSvneloba 

f u Z e s T a n aris dakavSirebuli. rac Seexeba zmnas, qar- 

Tuli zmnis rigi kategoria leqsikurad gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobis 

matarebelia, e. i. axal leqsikur erTeuls warmoadgens; 

igulisxmeba: qce qceva qce qceva 

va, va , gva gvari gva 

ri ri, ri , ka kauza ka za zati 

tivi 

vi, vi agreTve, mimGeo mimGeoba mimGeo mimGeoba 

ba, ba , pre- 

ver verbi ver verbi 

biani bi ni (zmniswiniani) va vari va vari 

rian 

ante ante 

tebi 

bi (Slis Slis Slis: Slis iS iSlis iS iSlis 

lis, lis , uS uSlis uS 

lis lis, lis , iS iSle iS le- 

ba ba, ba , eS eSle eS 

le leba 

ba; ba ; aS aSle aS 

le levi 

vinebs 

nebs... nebs ... ga gaSli ga gaSli 

Slili 

li, li , ga gasaS ga 

saS saSle 

leli 

li... li ... aS aSlis aS aSlis 

lis, lis , wa wa- wa 

Sl Slis Sl 

is is, is , mo moSlis mo 

Slis Slis, Slis , gada gadaSlis gada gadaSlis 

Slis, Slis , gadmo gadmoSlis 

gadmo 

Slis Slis...) 

...). ...) saxelSi msgavsi nawarmoebi 

fuZeebi iqneboda: Zm-ur-i, Zm-ob-a, mo-Zm-e, sa-Zm-o; kac-ur-i, 

u-kac-ur-i, kac-ob-a, sa-kac-e, u-kac-r-av-ad...~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1986, 

gv. 6). 

rogorc vxedavT, zmniswini (da mimGeoba) gramatikuli kategoriebis 

rangSi aris aKvanili: preverbiani variantebi gvaris, 

qcevisa Tu kauzativis formaTa tolfasadaa miCneuli; amosavali 

formisagan (Slis) preverbiT gansxvavebuli formebi (waSlis, 

moSlis...) iseTive damoukidebel fuZeebad aris miCneuli, rogorc 

saxelis SemTxvevaSi kac kac-i kac 

i / / sa sa-kac sa 

kac kac-e kac e / / u-kac kac kac-r-avad 

kac avad avad... avad ... 

amave winasitKvaobaSi saubaria imis Taobaze, rom àwmKos es 

fuZe, e. i. amosavali fuZe masdarisa, e. i. is, rac masdaris 

saKrdenia, avirCieT zmnis leqsikur erTeulad~ (iqve)... `mTavaria 

is, rom saleqsikono erTeulad SerCeulia zmnis is fuZe, risganac 

masdari (saxelzmna) iwarmoeba da ramac qarTuli zmnis leqsikur-semantikuri 

simdidris gamovlena leqsikonSi SegvaZlebina~ 

(iqve). am ukanasknel msJelobaSi, marTalia, uzmniswino variantebia 

moxmobili magaliTebad, magram, rogorc vnaxeT, zmniswiniani 

variantebi amaT tolfasad moiazreba; zmniswiniani da uzmniswino 

variantebi ara erTi-meoris mimarT mwkrivis formebad, ara- 

157

158 


med erTi da imave morfologiuri Girebulebis erTeulebad moiazreba. 

am winasitKvaSi (gansxvavebiT rvatomeulis winasitKvaobisagan) 

saubaria mxolod awmKoze (rogorc pirian formaTa saleqsikono 

erTeulze) da mKofa mKofadi mKofa di (rogorc dro anu mwkrivi) 

naxsenebic ar aris. e. i. Kvela saleqsikono piriani forma zmnisa 

erTi morfologiuri odenobaa, aq warmodgenili msJelobis mixedviT, 

awmKos awmKos forma... es ki mxars uyers Cvens Tvalsazriss imis 

Taobaze, rom mKofa mKofadi mKofa mKofadi 

di (zmniswiniani variantebi) ar aris 

awmKosa awmKosagan awmKosa gan gansxvavebuli mwkrivis forma, iseTi, rogoricaa sxva 

mwkrivis formebi... Tumca mTavari redaqtoris winasitKvaobaSi 

warmodgenil am Tvalsazriss upirispirdeba (ufro sworad ewinaaGmdegeba) 

winasitKvaobaSi `leqsikonis sargeblobis Sesaxeb~ 

moxmobili msJeloba: `zmnebi warmodgenilia awmKos (windebulianebi 

_mKofadis) fuZiT, mesame piris mxolobiT ricxvSi... zmnis 

uwindebulo fuZe, Cveulebriv, gagzavnilia saTanado windebulianTan 

(ba ba barav 

rav-s rav ix. dabaravs), xolo Tu uwindebulo fuZes namKo 

ZiriTadSi (unda iKos mKofadi? Kovel SemTxvevaSi ilustraciebi 

amas mianiSnebs _ g. g.) orda metwindebuliani zmnebi Seesabameba, 

maSin maT calcalke mivuTiTebT da vurTavT saTanado sailustracio 

frazebs: aba abam-s aba 

1. ix. gaabams, Toks abams. 2. ix. daabams. 

ZaGls abams. 3. ix. miabams, moabams. matarebels vagons abamen. 

4. ix. uremSi xarebs abams~ (gv. 9). 

am msJelobiT uwindebulo (e. i. uzmniswino) awmKo da windebuliani 

mKofadi orive saleqsikono erTeulebia, Tumca terminebi 

awmKo awmKo da mKofa mKofadi mKofa mKofadi 

di mwkrivis mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari: awmKos 

mwkrivis forma da mKofadis mwkrivis forma. aq ukve iseTive winaaGmdegobaa, 

rogorc aGvniSneT rvatomeulis SemTxvevaSi: awmKo 

da mKofadi mwkrivebia, erTi paradigmis wevrebi, Tumca orive saleqsikono 

erTeulia, gansxvavebiT sxva mwkrivis formaTagan! _ es 

daskvna Teoriuli msJelobis safuZvelze keTdeba. praqtiulad, 

leqsikonSi zmniswiniani da uzmniswino formebi erT da imave morfologiur 

odenobadaa gaazrebuli da es varianti aisaxa kidec 

erTtomeulSi mTavari redaqtoris winasitKvaobaSi. 

ase rom, Tavad leqsikoni (gansakuTrebiT rvatomeuli) 

praqtikulad Tanmimdevrulia e. w. awmKo-mKofadis formaTa gaazrebaSi; 

am gaazrebis mixedviT awmKo-mKofadi erTi mwkrivia... es 

daskvna met damaJereblobas iZens im tipis zmnaTa ganxilvisas,


romlebSic zmniswini axlandel da momaval droebs ar apirispirebs 

(daraJobs _ udaraJebs, mefobs _ imefebs, dgas _ idgeba 

da sxva). 

is winaaGmdegoba, rac leqsikonis Teoriul da praqtikul 

nawilebs Soris aris, zogJer safuZveli xdeba araTanmimdevrulobisa. 

magaliTi: Slis Slis Slis zmnis SemTxvevaSi iqve miTiTebulia 

zmniswiniani formebi: ìx. gaSlis. sufras S. 2. ix. gadaSlis. 

wigns S. 3. ix. daSlis. saaTs S. 4. ix. CaSlis. Znas S. 5. ix. wa- 

Slis. dawerils S.~ (gv. 505). am principze rom agebuliKo, rvatomeulSi 

ufro rTuli viTareba iqneboda _ Slis Slis zmnasTan 14 

zmniswini gamoiKeneba (g. gogolaSvili, c. kvantaliani, d. Sengelia, 

1989, gv. 313)... wers wers zmnis SemTxvevaSi zmniswiniani (mKofadis!) 

forma ar mieTiTeba (gv. 561), Tumca amave leqsikonSi saTanado 

adgilas warmodgenilia formebi _ aGwers, gadawers, dawers, 

miswers, moswers, Cawers... amaT kavSirze w e r s zmnasTan 

miniSneba araa. 

aseTi araTanmimdevruloba da winaaGmdegobebi moixsneboda, 

awmKo-mKofads Tu erT morfologiur odenobad gaviazrebdiT... 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, awmKosa da mKofadis erT mwkrivad 

warmodgenas mxars dauyers qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis 

monacemebi; principi awmKosa da mKofadis cal-calke mwkrivis 

formebad gaazrebisa gaumarTlebeli Cans. 

sainteresod gveCveneba is faqti, rom k. Cxenkelis ciurixSi 

gamocemul `qarTul-germanul leqsikonSi~ viTareba ufro dazustebuli 

Cans. rogorc miuTiTeben, `zmna warmodgenilia ara 

sawKisis, aramed awmKos drois III piris formiT (igulisxmeba 

awmKos mwkrivis _ g. g.), rogorc es `qarTuli enis ganmartebiT 

leqsikonSia~. iqvea miTiTebuli mKofadis, wKvetilisa da TurmeobiTi 

I-is formebi. aGniSnulia zmniswinTa Kvela dasaSvebi varianti 

TargmaniTurT (mag.: vageb, avageb, amovageb, gavageb, gamovageb, 

gadavageb, davageb, movageb, wavageb, wamovageb) qcevis, kontaqtis, 

gvaris mixedviT gansxvavebuli formebi (vageb, vigeb, vugeb, 

vagebineb, igeba, vegebi, megeba, ugia, agia, gamegeba...)~ 

(r. SamelaSvili-zeqalaSvili, 1997, gv. 36). aSkaraa, rom mKofadi, 

wKvetili da I TurmeobiTi erTi donis morfologiuri odenobebia, 

mwkrivebia da amitomac saleqsikonod gatanili awmKos 

formis ganmartebisaTvis gamoiKeneba... 

159

160 



loTa loTa 


tema tema 

ma ma da da da da qarTu qar qar qarTu 

Tuli Tuli 

li li enis enis enis enis 

diaaaaleqt di di di leqtTa leqt leqtTa 

Ta Ta pirve pir pir pirve 

veli veli 

li li xollllmmmmeeeeoooobi xo xo xo bi biTi biTi 

Ti Ti 

I seriaSi mKofadis wris mwkrivTa gamoKofis sakiTxi rom 

gadasasinJia, amis naTel magaliTs warmoadgens qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi 

gamovlenili I xolmeobiTi da saenaTmecniero literaturaSi 

misi analizi. 

mwkrivTa raodenobis mixedviT qarTuli enis dialeqtebi 

sxvadasxvagvar viTarebas gviCvenebs, magram arsebiTia is faqti, 

rom saliteraturo qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Kvela mwkrivi 

gvaqvs Kvela dialeqtSi. SesaZloa, ama Tu im mwkrivis xmarebis 

sixSire gansxvavebulic iKos dialeqtTa mixedviT. magaliTad: miuTiTeben, 

rom III kavSirebiTis formaTa gamoKeneba SezGudulia 

dialeqtTa erT JgufSi, mis nacvlad II TurmeobiTi ixmareba 

(TiTqmis iseTive viTarebaa, rogorc axal qarTulSi); sapirispiro 

viTarebaa rayulSi _ II TurmeobiTis formaTa simcire da 

mis nacvlad III kavSirebiTis formaTa gamoKeneba. magram, rogorc 

vTqviT, amJerad CvenTvis arsebiTia is, rom saliteraturo qar- 

Tulis mwkrivTa sistema sruladaa warmodgenili Kvela dialeqtSi. 

xdeba mxolod calkeul dialeqtSi misi garTuleba. 

Cveni msJeloba I xolmeobiTs Seexeba. kerZod, gvainteresebs, 

dialeqtebSi, sadac I xolmeobiTis mwkrivi gvaqvs, rogor unda 

iqnes warmodgenili I seriis mwkrivTa sistema. 

samwuxarod, dialeqtologiur gamokvlevebSi, Cveulebriv, 

uGlebis sruli paradigmebi araa warmodgenili. mianiSneben mxolod 

saliteraturo qarTulisagan gansxvavebul viTarebaze, faqtebze. 

sxvagvarad: warmoCenilia mxolod Taviseburebani; xolo 

es Taviseburi viTareba, ama Tu im dialeqtisaTvis niSandoblivi 

formebi ra adgils iyers sistemaSi da rogor miemarTeba sistemis 

danarCen wevrebs, amis Sesaxeb TiTqmis araferia Tqmuli. es 

faqti, TavisTavad, xSir SemTxvevaSi arTulebs sistemis sruli 

saxiT warmodgenas. magram, ramdenadac ZiriTadi principi, romlis 

safuZvelzec es gamokvlevebi aigeba, aseTia, rom saliteraturo 

qarTulisagan gansxvavebulis Taobazea mxolod saubari, 

ivaraudeba: razec araa saubari, saliteraturo qarTulis identuria. 

aris ki ase? 

cnobilia, rom aGmosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebSi xolmeobiTis 

morfologiuri kategoria met-naklebad kargadaa Semo-


naxuli. I xolmeobiTi Kvela dialeqtSia daculi. marTalia, qar- 

Tlursa da kaxurSi naSTis saxiTGaa SemorCenili da mxolod 

calkeul regionSi gamovlindeba, magram mTis dialeqtebisaTvis 

igi Cveulebrivi faqtia. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna aGmosavlur dialeqtTagan ingilourSi xolmeobiTis 

organuli warmoeba amjamad ar dasturdeba. 

xolmeobiToba am dialeqtSi Ke (K) nawilakiani 

formebiT gamoixateba (g. imnaiSvili, 1966): fereidnulSi, 

istoriulad kaxuris ganaKar dialeqt- 

Si, xolmeobiTis organuli warmoeba SenarCunebulia 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1927). 

ZiriTadi principi I xolmeobiTis warmoebisa Kvela dialeqtSi 

erTgvaria _ saKrdenad uwKvetlis fuZea (ufro sworad, 

uwKvetlis saKrdeni fuZe) gamoKenebuli. gansxvavebulia mwkrivis 

formaTa warmoebis saSualebebi. am TvalsazrisiT sami SemTxveva 

ganirCeva: 

a) moxeurSi, mTiulur-gudamaKrulSi, qarTlursa da kaxur- 

Si I xolmeobiTi Zveli qarTuliseburad iwarmoeba (i. qavTaraZe, 

1985; g. imnaiSvili, 1974; a. martirosovi, g. imnaiSvili, 1956; b. 

JorbenaZe, 1989). 

v-a-keT-eb-d-i 

a-keT-eb-d-i 

a-keT-eb-d-i-s 

v-a-keT-eb-d-i-T 

a-keT-eb-d-i-T 

a-keT-eb-d-i-an 

b) xevsurulsa da TuSurSi I xolmeobiTis paradigma supleturia: 

I-II piris formebi -id id elementiTaa garTulebuli, III 

piris forma Zveli qarTuliseburia (a. yinyarauli, 1960; T. uTurgaiZe, 

1960; g. cocaniZe, 1970). 

v-a-keT-eb-d-id-˜ 

a-keT-eb-d-id-˜ 


161

162 


v-a-keT-eb-d-id-i-T 

a-keT-eb-d-id-i-T 


g) supleturia I xolmeobiTis paradigma fSaurSic, oGond 

am SemTxvevaSi I-II piris formebs -od od elementi arTulebs (a. yinyarauli, 

1960; g. cocaniZe, 1978): 

v-a-keT-eb-d-od-i 

a-keT-eb-d-od-i 


v-a-keT-eb-d-od-i-T 

a-keT-eb-d-od-i-T 


isic gavixsenoT, rom saliteraturo qarTulSi I seriis eqvsi 

mwkrivi or wredaa daJgufebuli: 

I wre II wre 

awmKo mKofadi 

uwKveteli xolmeobiTi 

awmKos kavSirebiTi mKofadis kavSirebiTi 

rogorc iTqva, ramdenadac amis Taobaze miniSneba araa dialeqtologiur 

literaturaSi, ivaraudeba, rom es sistema Kvela 

dialeqtisaTvisaa misaGebi. davuSvaT, asea, maSin: sad daiyers adgils 

I xolmeobiTi da is principi, ris safuZvelzec gamoiKo 

ori wre, gatardeba Tu ara bolomde? 

es sakiTxi ar dasmula samecniero literaturaSi. Tu pirvel 

seriaSi erTi da imave zmnis zmniswiniani da uzmniswino variantebi 

sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad gaiazreba _ 

akeTebda da ga-akeTebda. 

akeTebdes da ga-akeTebdes, _ sakiTxi aseve unda dasmuliKo 

I xolmeobiTis zmniswiniani da uzmniswino variantebis 

Taobaze. faqtobriv ki, I xolmeobiTze msJelobisas gverdigverd 

ganixileba zmniswiniani da uzmniswino variantebi. sxvagvarad: 

zmniswiniani da uzmniswino formebi erTi mwkrivis formebadaa 

miCneuli.


moxeurisaTvis: bevri cxori ƒ o c e b o d e s; v a k e T e b - 

d i - k e, v q s o v d i T - k e, i k e r a v d i - 

a n - k e da d a x f a r a v d i s, d a v x e d a v - 

d i - k e, d a v a g d e b i n e b d i - k e. 

fSaurisaTvis: v T i b d o d i, v x d i d o d i, v a k e T e b - 

d o d i, v d G v e b d o d i, m a t i r e b d o - 

d i da C a m o v x v e t d o d i T, a m a s w u - 

r a v d i a n, S a i n a x d i a n, d a i Z v r o - 

d i s (i. qavTaraZe, 1985; g. cocaniZe, 1978). 

magaliTebis moKvana sxva dialeqtebidanac SeiZleba. faqtia, 

Kvela SemTxvevaSi aseTi viTarebaa. ise ki, Cveulebriv I xolmeobiTis 

warmoebaze msJelobisas uzmniswino formebia gaanalizebuli. 

paradigmac uzmniswino formaTaganaa Sedgenili. 

saintereso gamonaklisia, Cveni TvalsazrisiT, g. cocaniZis 

gamokvleva `TuSuri xolmeobiTis Sesaxeb~ (g. cocaniZe, 1970). 

avtori mxolod uzmniswino formaTa paradigmas warmoadgens 

rogorc pirvel, aseve meore seriaSi da Sesabamisad pirvel seriaSi 

e. w. `mKofadis wre~ ar figurirebs. faqti sainteresoa, 

Tumca, samwuxarod, am faqts komentari ar axlavs. Znelia vimsJeloT, 

avtori ar Tvlis marTebulad mKofadis wris mwkrivTa 

gamoKofas, Tu konkretulad am SemTxvevisaTvis ar miiCnevs sayirod. 

Koveli SemTxvevisaTvis, sistemis am saxiT warmodgenas 

mKofadis wris mwkrivTa gamoKofis kritikad miviCnevT. TavisTavad 

es faqti im sirTulis maniSnebelia, rac axlavs mKofadis 

wris gamoKofas. 

Tu marTebulad miviCnevT I seriaSi mKofadis wris gamoKofas, 

maSin mKofadis wreSic Sesabamisi zmniswiniani xolmeobiTis 

mwkrivi unda gamoiKos. Cveni TxovniT avTandil arabulma xevsuruli 

zmnis uGlebis sruli paradigma Seadgina. arsebuli sistemis 

saklasifikacio principis Tanmimdevrulad gatarebis Sedegad 

I seriaSi xolmeobiTis ori mwkrivi warmoadgina: 

I. v-Tibdid˜ II. ma-v-s-Tibdid˜ 

s-Tibdid˜ ma-s-Tibdid˜ 

Tibdi-s ma-s-Tibdi-s 

v-Tibdidi-T ma-v-s-Tibdidi-T 

163

164 


s-Tibdidi-T ma-s-Tibdidi-T 

Tibdi-an ma-s-Tibdi-an 

vimeorebT: arsebuli sistemis gaTvaliswinebiT logikuria 

sakiTxisadmi aseTi midgoma. Tumca unda gaixazos, rom arcerT 

dialeqtologiur gamokvlevaSi, romlebSic I xolmeobiTis Sesaxebaa 

msJeloba, es sakiTxi ar dasmula. garkveviT weren: moxeur- 

Si `namKo usrulis fuZes erTvis cnobili uZvelesi -i sufiqsi 

da mesame piris daboloebis mixedviT gadmoicema e. w. pirveli 

xolmeobiTi~ (i. qavTaraZe, 1985, gv. 58). `TuSuri zmnis uGvlilebis 

sistemaSi, saliteraturo qarTulTan da rig dialeqteb- 

Tan SedarebiT, ori nakvTi metia: erTi maTgani dro-kiloTa 

awmKos wKebaSia, eKrdnoba namKo usrulis fuZes da, I da II piris 

formebi ewarmoeba -id id (i) sufiqsiT, xolo III piris formebi -i- 

Ti...~ (g. cocaniZe, 1970, gv. 35) fSaurSi `pirveli xolmeobiTi 

sawarmoebel fuZed namKo usruls iKenebs~ (g. cocaniZe, 1978, gv. 

78), `fSaur-xevsurul-TuSurSi pirveli xolmeobiTi awmKos fu- 

Zidan iwarmoeba namKo usrulis meSveobiT~ (a. yinyarauli, 1960, 

gv. 113); `mTiulur-gudamaKrulSi mkvidria xolmeobiTis warmoeba, 

romelic sami nairsaxeobiTaa warmodgenili: arqauli, -i sufiqsiani 

warmoeba: uKord-i-s, yamd-i-s (I xolmeobiTi); yam-i-s, gaaniav-i-s, 

eb-i-s (II xolmeobiTi)... (b. JorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 283). 

faqtia, amgvari msJelobis mixedviT I xolmeobiTis adgili 

awmKos wreSia. amitomacaa, roca I xolmeobiTis warmoebaze msJeloben, 

Cveulebriv uzmniswino formebs moixmoben, magram rogorc 

vnaxeT, magaliTebis CamoTvlisas zmniswinianebic gaereva xolme... 

zmniswiniani I xolmeobiTis formaTa SemTxvevaSi zmniswinis 

funqciaze ki saubari ar aris. 

analogiisaTvis saintereso faqtis gaxseneba SeiZleba: 

a k e T e b d e s da g a a k T e b d e s a. S a n i Z e m 1930 wlis 

`qarTul garmatikaSi~ erTi da imave mwkrivis formebad miiCnia: 

orive I kavSirebiTad gaiazreboda. safuZveli albaT is iKo, rom 

es ori forma erTmaneTisagan ar gansxvavdeba im elementTa mixedviT, 

romelTac avtori `mwkrivis elementebs~ uwodebs. sxvaoba 

am formaTa Soris aspeqturia; aspeqti ki warmoqmnis kategoriaa 

da ara uGlebisa. amitom am funqciur sxvaobaze damKarebuli 

formebi erT mwkrivad iqna gaazrebuli. viTareba am SemTxve-


vaSi iseTivea, rogorc II da III seriaSi: akeTa _ gaakeTa, ukeTebia 

_ gaukeTebia... _ erTi mwkrivis formebia. amitom, savsebiT samarTlianad, 

mwkrivTa Sesaxeb Tavisive moZGvrebidan amosvliT 

a k e T e b d e s da g a a k e T e b d e s erTi mwkrivis formebad 

iqna gaazrebuli. magram Kovelive aman mwkrivTa sistemaSi 

warmoqmna uxerxuloba _ I seria aseTi saxiT warmogvidga: 

a) awmKos wre b) mKofadis wre 

1. awmKo 4. mKofadi 

2. namKo uwKveteli 5. pirobiTi 

3. I kavSirebiTi 6. I kavSirebiTi 

mesame da meeqvse nomrad erTi da igive mwkrivi _ I kavSirebiTi 

_ aris warmodgenili! uxerxulobis gasworebis ori gza 

arsebobda: a) an uari unda gveTqva im principze, ris mixedviTac 

mKofadis wre gamoiKo, b) anda I kavSirebiTis zmniswiniani da 

uzmniswino formebi sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad migveCnia, ri- 

Tac irGveoda mwkrivTa gamoKofs principi (or mwkrivs erTmane- 

Tisagan uGlebis kategoriebi unda ganasxvavebdes da ara warmoqmnisa). 

a. SaniZe meore variants amJobinebs saliteraturo qar- 

TulisaTvis: I seriaSi ori kavSirebiTi gamoiKo: awmKos kavSirebiTi 

da mKofadis kavSirebiTi. aseTive kompromisia uwKvetlis 

zmniswiniani variantisagan axali mwkrivis gamoKofa (amis Sesaxeb 

zemoT iKo saubari). 

sxvaoba I seriis xolmeobiTis zmniswinian da uzmniswino 

formaTa Soris aspeqturia (vemKarebiT a. arabulis, m. kobaiZisa 

da g. cocaniZis azrs); e. i. iseTive, rogor II da III seriiis 

mwkrivebs Soris. rogorc viciT, aspeqturi TvalsazrisiT dapirispirebuli 

II da III seriis formebi sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad 

ar gaiazreba. erTi da imave mwkrivis formebia 

a k e T a 

a k e T o s 

u k e T e b i a 

e k e T e b i n a 

e k e T e b i n o s 

da 

da 

da 

da 

da 

g a a k e T a 

g a a k e T o s 

g a u k e T e b i a 

g a e k e T e b i n a 

g a e k e T e b i n o s 

165

166 


aqedan gamomdinare, marTebulia is pozicia, rac qarTul 

daleqtologiur literaturaSia damkvidrebuli: I xolmeobiTis 

uzmniswino da zmniswiniani formebi erTi mwkrivad rom aris Ca- 

Tvlili. oGond erTia, unda moxdes Segueba am poziciisa drokiloTa 

arsebul sistemasTan. monacemTa mixedviT mxolod sami 

mwkrivi SeiZleba gamoiKos: 

I mwkrivi (awmKo-mKofadi) (ga)-akeTebs 

II mwkrivi (uwKveteli-xolmeobiTi) (ga)-akeTebda 

III mwkrivi (I kavSirebiTi) (ga)-akeTebdes 

is, risi dasabuTebac Cven Teoriulad vcadeT, qarTul dialeqtologiur 

literaturaSi praqtikulad gatarebulia: rogorc 

iTqva, I xolmeobiTis zmniswiniani da uzmniswino formebi 

saKovelTaod erT mwkrivadaa miCneuli. I seriis mwkrivTa sistema 

CvenTvis saintereso dialeqtebSi am saxiT warmogvidgeba (moviKvanT 

xevsurulis magaliTebs): 

1. awmKo: (ma)-v-(s)-Tib (ma)-v(s)-Tib-T 

(ma)-s-Tib (ma)-s-Tib-T 

(ma)-(s)-Tib-s (ma)_(s)-Tib-en 

2. uwKveteli: (ma)-v-(s)-Tib-d˜ (ma)-s-Tib-d-i-T 

(ma)-s-Tib-d-˜ (ma)-s-Tib-d-i-T 

(ma)-(s)-Tib-d-a (ma)-v-(s)-Tib-d-es 

3. I kavSirebiTi: (ma)-v-(s)-Tib-d-{a} (ma)-v-(s)-Tib-d-a-T 

(ma)-s-Tib-d-{a} (ma)-v-(s)-Tib-d-a-T 

(ma)-(s)-Tib-d-a-s (ma)-(s)-Tib-d-a-n 

4. I xolmeobiTi: (ma)-v-(s)-Tib-d-id-˜ (ma)-v-(s)-Tib-d-id-i-T 

(ma)-s-Tib-d-id-˜ (ma)-s-Tib-d-id-i-T 

(ma)-(s)-Tib-d-i-s (ma)-(s)-Tib-d-i-an 

dabolos: sakiTxebi, romlebic I xolmeobiTma aGZra, vfiqrobT, 

damatebiTi argumentebia Cveni TvalsazrisisaTvis: I seria- 

Si mKofadis wris mwkrivTa gamoKofa formobrivad gaumarTlebelia.


5555....6666. . . . zo zoga zo zoga 

gadi gadi 

di di SeniS Se Se SeniS 

niSvna niSvna 

vna vna 

mwkrivTa raodenobis sakiTxi mxolod formobrivi principis 

mixedviT ar gairkveva. gvaqvs paraleluri warmoebis SemTxvevebic: 

i-Tq-m-i-s 

Se-v-i-pKar 

da-v-a-mKn-a 

da-u-xat-av-s 

ga-e-keT-a 

da 

da 

da 

da 

da 

i-Tqm-eb-a 

Se-v-i-pKr-e 

da-v-a-mKn-o 

da-u-xat-i-a 

ga-e-keT-eb-in-a 

da misTanani. 

mxolod fuZeTa sxvaobis principi Tu daedeba safuZvlad 

sauGlebel erTeulTa gamoKofas, warmodgenil wKvilTa Semadgeneli 

calebi sxvadasxva fuZis Semcvelni arian; Sesabamisad sxvadasxva 

mwkrivad unda iqnes gagebuli. sakiTxis amgvarad dasma, TavisTavad 

cxadia, umarTebuloa imdenad, ramdenadac warmodgenil paralelur 

formebs erTsa da imave konteqstSi erTi da igive mniSvneloba aqvs. 

mag.: mxatvars suraTi dauxatavs; 

mxatvars suraTi dauxatia. 

anda: KvelasTan Kvelaferi ar iTqmis; 

KvelasTan Kvelaferi ar iTqmeba. 

amgvarad, erTi da imave zmnis sxvadasxva fuZis mqone formebi 

sxvadasxva mwkrivad CaiTvleba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu nebismier 

konteqstSi maTi Canacvleba SesaZlebelia; sxvagvarad: erTsa da 

imave konteqstSi gansxvavebuli fuZis mqone formaTa semantika 

identuria. am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs mwkrivis formaTa warmoebis 

TaviseburebebTan, rac calke kvlevis sagania. 

5555....7777. . . . uGlebis uGlebis uGlebis uGlebis nimuSi nimuSi nimuSi nimuSi axali ax ax axali 

ali ali qarTulisaTvis 

qarTulisaTvis 

qarTulisaTvis 

qarTulisaTvis 

1. awmKo awmKo (mKofadi mKofadi mKofadi) mKofadi 

(da)-v-wer 

(da)-wer 

(da)-wer-s 

I seria 

(da)-v-wer-T 

(da)-wer-T 

(da)-wer-en 

167

168 


2. uwKveteli 

uwKveteli uwKveteli (xolme xolme xolmeobiTi 

xolme biTi biTi) biTi 

(da)-v-wer-d-i 

(da)-wer-d-i 

(da)-wer-d-a 

3. I I kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

(da)-v-wer-d-e 

(da)-wer-d-e 

(da)-wer-d-e-s 

4. wKvetili 

wKvetili 

(da)-v-wer-e 

(da)-wer-e 

(da)-wer-a 

5. II II kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

(da)-v-wer-o 

(da)-wer-o 

(da)-wer-o-s 

II seria 

III seria 

6. I I TurmeobTi 

TurmeobTi 

TurmeobTi 

(da)-m-i-wer-i-a 

(da)-g-i-wer-i-a 

(da)-u-wer-i-a 

7. II II TurmeobiT 

TurmeobiTi 

TurmeobiT 

da-m-e-wer-a 

da-g-e-wer-a 

da-e-wer-a 

8. III III kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

da-m-e-wer-o-s 

da-g-e-wer-o-s 

da-e-wer-o-s 

(da)-v-wer-d-i-T 

(da)-wer-d-i-T 

(da)-wer-d-nen 

(da)-v-wer-d-e-T 

(da)-wer-d-e-T 

(da)-wer-d-nen 

(da)-v-wer-e-T 

(da)-wer-e-T 

(da)-wer-es 

(da)-v-wer-o-T 

(da)-wer-o-T 

(da)-wer-o-n 

(da)-gv-i-wer-i-a 

(da)-g-i-wer-i-a-T 

(da)-u-wer-i-a-T 

da-gv-e-wer-a 

ga-g-e-wer-a-T 

da-e-wer-a-T 

da-gv-e-wer-o-s 

da-g-e-wer-o-T 

da-e-wer-o-T


$ 66. 

6 . mwkrivTa mwkrivTa raodenoba raodenoba Zvel Zvel qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

6666....1111. . . . nnnniko iko iko iko maris maris maris maris Tvalsazrisidan Tvalsazrisidan Tvalsazrisidan Tvalsazrisidan dGemde dGemde dGemde dGemde 

n. mari Zveli qarTulisaTvis 8 mwkrivs (dros _ avtoris 

terminologiiT) gamoKofs: 

I Jgufi: 1. awmKo (vaqeb) 

2. namKo usruli I (vaqebdi) 

3. namKo usruli II (natvriTi _ vaqebde) 

II Jgufi: 4. aoristi (vaqe) 

5. kavSirebiTi (vaqo) 

III Jgufi: 6. namKo sruli (wignuri _ miqies, 

xalxuri _ miqia) 

7. winarewarsuli (meqo) 

8. namKo kavSirebiTi (meqos) 

(n. mari, 1908) 

TiTqosda moulodnelia, magram faqtia, rom n. mari amCnevs 

xolmeobiTis formebs, zogi zmnis uGlebisas msJelobs maTze da 

uwodebs `namKo CveulebiTs~; Tumca mwkrivTa sistemaSi calke 

sauGlebel erTeulad ar warmogvidgens. 

rogorc iTqva, xolmeobiTis forma n. maramde damoukidebel 

sauGlebel erTeulad miiCnia T. jordaniam (uwodebs mas 

`dros samaradisos anu gaxSirebiTs~). a. SaniZem am formas adgili 

meore seriaSi miuCina da uwoda `namKo mravalgziTi~ da axasiaTebs 

mas: `namKo mravalgziTi, kacma rom Tqvas, gansazGvruli 

dro ar aris: igi gamoxatavs xolme moqmedebas ara romelsame 

droSi gansazGvruls (namKosa, awmKosa Tu mKofadSi), aramed 

iseTs, romelic KovelTvis Cveulebrivia da marad damaxasiaTebelia 

moqmedi pirisaTvis. amitom vfiqrobT, rom mravalgziTi nam- 

Kos formebi qarTuli zmnis uZvelesi formaciis droisa unda 

iKos~ (a. SaniZe, 1920, gv. 6). 

Se SeniS Se 


vna: vna amave Sromis rusul variantSi termini per perma per perma 

mansi ma si- 

via xmarebuli (a. SaniZe, 1957, gv. 52). sabolood 

saenaTmecniero literaturaSi adgili daimkvidra 

terminma xol xolme xol xolme 


Ti, Ti romelic a. Sani- 

169

170 


Zem 1930 wlis gramatikaSi namKo CveulebiTis 

sinonimad ixmara. amave mwkrivis aGsaniSnavad 

arn. Ciqobavam gamoiKena termini ha habi ha habi 

bitu 

tuali tu li lisi li si 


1920 wels a. SaniZe sauGlebel erTeulTa sistemas amgvari 

saxiT warmoadgens: 

A (namKo srulis Jgufi) 

1. namKo sruli 

2. mKobadi (anu natvrTi k.) 

3. namKo mravalgziTi 

4. brZanebiTi k. 

B (awmKos Jgufi) 

5. awmKo erTgziTi 

6. awmKo mravalgziTi 

7. namKo usruli (anu natvriTi k.) 

8. brZanebiTi k. (a. SaniZe, 1920, gv. 6-7). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna a) III seriis formebi ar aris ganxiluli naSrom- 

Si, amitom sqemaSic ar aisaxeba. 

b) sainteresoa is faqtic, rom sqemis mixedviT 

avtori pirvel Jgufad (seriad) namKo srulis 

Jgufs miiCnevs. 

Zveli qarTuli enis saskolo saxelmZGvaneloSi avtori 

sauGlebel erTeulTa sam Jgufs (serias, wKebas) warmoadgens. aq 

ukve namKo srulis Jgufi meore seriadaa warmodgenili iseve, 

rogorc 1930 wlis gramatikaSi; terminebi dazustebulia da 

sistema aseT saxes iGebs: 

1. awmKo 

2. awmKo xolmeobiTi 

3. namKo uwKveteli 

4. I kavSirebiTi 

I wKeba (seria)


II wKeba (seria) 

5. namKo wKvetili (anu aoristi) 

6. namKo xolmeobiTi 

7. meore kavSirebiTi (igive mKofadi) 

8. warTqmiTi brZanebiTi 

III wKeba (seria) 

9. pirveli TurmeobiTi 

10. meore TurmeobiTi 

11. mesame kavSirebiTi (a. SaniZe, 1935, gv. 025) 

ufro mogvianebiT I serias kidev erTi mwkrivi daemata: 

uwKvet uwKvetlis uwKvet lis xol xolme xol xolme 


Ti, Ti romelic, avtoris azriT, pirnaklia 

(a. SaniZe, 1945, gv. 835); Tumca 1976 wlis `Zveli qarTuli enis 

gramatikaSi~ sruli paradigmiTaa warmodgenili (a. SaniZe, 1976, 

gv. 90). 1946 wels a. SaniZe aqveKnebs naSroms èrTi ucnobi 

mwkrivi qarTulSi~ (a. SaniZe, 1946(2)), sadac saubaria èbrZanis~ 

tipis formaTa Sesaxeb. maT avtori III III xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi biTad bi Tad miiCnevs. am 

mwkrivs adgili mesame seraSi mieCina. a. SaniZis sqemas kidev erTi 

mwkrivi daemata meore seriaSi _ Se Sere Se 

re reuli re li kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebi 

biTi bi Ti (miscodian) 

(a. SaniZe, 1948). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna am formebs pirvelad KuradGeba miaqcia k. kekeli- 

Zem, romelic aGniSnavs: `saKuradGeboa araCveulebrivi, 

TiTqosda dialeqturi formebi zmnisa: aGasrulnodian, 

eziarnodian, Kodian, ganaTiodian~ da 

udarebs maT vaja-fSavelasTan dadasturebul fSauri 

kilos formebs _ `saflavi gamoTxarodi, miwani 

momaKarodi~ (k. kekeliZe, 1946, gv. 168). 

sabolood, dazustebuli terminologiiTa da Sevsebuli 

saxiT dro-kiloTa sistema a. SaniZis SromaTa mixedviT aseT saxes 

miiGebs: 

171

172 


I I I seria 

seria 

1. awmKo 

2. awmKos xolmeobiTi 

3. uwKveteli 

4. pirveli brZanebiTi 

5. uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi 

6. pirveli kavSirebiTi (pirveli mKofadi) 

II II seria 

seria 

7. wKvetili 

8. meore brZanebiTi 

9. meore xolmeobiTi 

10. meore kavSirebiTi (meore mKofadi) 

11. Sereuli kavSirebiTi (Sereuli mKofadi) 

12. pirveli TurmeobiTi 

13. meore TurmeobiTi 

14. mesame xolmeobiTi 

15. mesame kavSirebiTi 

III III seria 

seria 

rogorc vxedavT, a. SaniZiseuli sqema sistemisa n. maris 

sqemasTan SedarebiT 7 erTeuliT gaizarda. damoukidebel mwkrivebad 

gamoiKo: 

I I seriaSi 

seriaSi 

1. awmKos xolmeobiTi 

2. pirveli brZanebiTi 

3. uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi 

II II seriaSi 

seriaSi 

4. meore brZanebiTi 

5. meore xolmeobiTi 

6. Sereuli kavSirebiTi


7. III xolmeobiTi 

III III seriaSi seriaSi 

seriaSi 

Zveli qarTulis uGlebis sistemis ufro rTul variants 

gvTavazobs l. kiknaZe. avtoris azriT, II seriaSi damatebiT 

SesaZlebelia sami mwkrivis gamoKofa: 

1. Sereuli namKo 

2. Sereuli xolmeobiTi 

3. Sereuli brZanebiTi 

xolo mesame seriaSi _ I TurmeobiTis xolmeobiTisa. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna formebs, romelTac l. kiknaZe I TurmeobiTis 

xolmeobiTs uwodebs (ucnobien, Segiracxien), 

KuradGeba miaqcia i. abulaZem da mas miiCnevs 

odesGac arsebuli kidev erTi xolmeobiTis 

gadmonaSTad (i. abulaZe, 1954, gv. 145). am Tvalsazriss 

iziarebs z. sarJvelaZe da miiCnevs, rom 

uc ucno uc 

no nobi nobi 

bien 

en tipis formebi unda iwodos `mesame 

xolmeobiTad~, xolo eb ebrZa eb 

rZa rZanis rZa nis tipis formebi _ 

IV xolmeobiTad (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 406). 

Tumca `Zveli qarTuli enis gramatikaSi~ (1997) 

es ar aisaxa. 

ase rom, mwkrivTa raodenoba uGlebis sistemaSi 19-mde gaizarda. 

l. kiknaZis Tvalsazriss Sereuli wKvetilis, brZanebiTisa 

da xolmeobiTis mwkrivTa arsebobis Taobaze iziarebs da magali- 

TebiTac adasturebs z. sarJvelaZe (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 454- 

457) (`gramatikaSi~ warmodgenil paradigmebSi arc es aisaxeba). 

i. imnaiSvili a. SaniZis Tvalsazrisze dgas da Tavis tabulebSi 

15 mwkrivs warmoadgens (i. imnaiSvili, 1982). 

arn. Ciqobavas azriT, dro-kiloTa sistema Zvel qarTulSi 

SedarebiT martivia. avtoris naSromTa mixedviT sqema amgvar saxes 

miiGebs: 

173

174 


pirveli pirveli Jgufi 

Jgufi 

1. awmKo 

2. namKo usruli 

3. kavSirebiTi I 

4. namKo usrulis xolmeobiTi 

meore meore Jgufi 

Jgufi 

5. namKo ZiriTadi (aoristi) 

6. xolmeobiTi 

7. kavSirebiTi meore 

mesame mesame Jgufi 

Jgufi 

8. TurmeobiTi pirveli 

9. TurmeobiTi meore 

10. kavSirebiTi mesame 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1968, gv. 144-151; 1948, gv. 55). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna arn. Ciqobava naSromSi èrgatiuli konstruqciis 

problema iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi~ (I, 1948) me- 

9 paragrafSi awmKos mwkrivTa wKebas 4 erTeuliT 

warmoadgens: awmKo, namKo usruli, kavSirebiTi 

I, namKo usrulis xolmeobiTi; 26-e paragrafSi 

uGlebis sruli sistemis warmodgenisas 

namKo usrulis xolmeobiTs aGar asaxelebs. 

Cven pirvel variants vemKarebiT. 

rogorc vxedavT, n. maridan moKolebuli mwkrivTa raodenoba 

Zvel qarTulSi rvidan cxrametamde merKeobs. 

ZiriTadad oTxi variantia uGlebis sistemisa; suraTi ase- 

Tia: 

n. maris sqema _ 8 sauGlebeli erTeuli; 

arn. Ciqobavas sqema _ 10 sauGlebeli erTeuli; 

a. SaniZis sqema _ 15 sauGlebeli erTeuli; 

l. kiknaZis sqema _ 19 sauGlebeli erTeuli. 

Kvela is mwkrivi, romelic n. maris sqemazea warmodgenili,


meordeba sxva avtorebTanac. am sistemis Semadgenel erTeulTa 

damoukidebel mwkrivad miCnevis sakiTxi davas ar iwvevs. gamoKofis 

principi _ formobriv-funqciuri _ am sistemaSi daculia. 

Kvela sauGlebeli erTeuli damoukidebeli formobrivi monacemia; 

mwkrivTa Soris sxvaobas fuZeTa sxvaoba qmnis: 

I I seria 

seria 

awmKo _ v-a-q-eb 

uwKveteli _ v-a-q-eb-d-(i) 

I kavSirebiTi _ v-a-q-eb-d-e 

II II seria 

seria 

wKvetili _ v-a-q-e 

II kavSirebiTi _ v-a-q-o 

III III seria 

seria 

I TurmeobiTi _ m-i-q-i-e-s 

II TurmeobiTi _ m-e-q-o (← *m-e-q-e-o) 

III kavSirebiTi _ m-e-q-o-s 

davas ar iwvevs I seriaSi uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis mwkrivis 

gamoKofa: v-a-q-eb-d-i, a-q-eb-d-i, a-q-eb-d-i-s; fuZeTa sxvaobas uwKvetelsa 

da uwKvetlis xolmeobiTs Soris, rogorc cnobilia, -i 

sufiqsi qmnis, romelic mwkrivis mawarmoeblad gaiazreba; uwKvetelSi 

gamovlenili i elementi fonetikuri danarTia, fuZiseulad 

ar gaiazreba. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna is faqti, rom erTmaneTs emTxveva doniani zmnebis 

uwKvetlis I da II piris formebi mravlobiTSi 

(da mxolobiTSic, Tu -i elementi daerTvis), ar 

dasvams saerTo fuZis sakiTxs am ori mwkrivisa- 

Tvis da, Sesabamisad, maTi erT mwkrivad miCnevisas. 

sxvaobs Cveulebriv paradigmis mesame wevri 

(III piris formebi). fuZeTa sxvaoba am SemTxvevaSi 

aSkaraa: 

175

176 


uwKveteli uwKveteli uwKvetlis uwKvetlis xolme xolmeobiTi 

xolme biTi 

v-wer-d-(i) v-wer-d-i 

s-wer-d-(i) s-wer-d-i 

wer-d-a wer-d-i-s 

v-wer-d-i-T v-wer-d-i-T 

s-wer-d-i-T s-wer-d-i-T 

wer-d-es wer-d-i-an 

I SemTxvevaSi i ar SeiZleba gaviazroT fuZiseulad: 

igi aSkara danarTi elementia, mxolobiTSi 

sporadulad gamovlenili. II SemTxvevaSi _ fu- 

Zis organuli kuTvnileba. 

sxvagvaria viTareba od od-iani od zmnebis SemTxvevaSi: 

uwKvetlis xolmeobiTsa da I kavSirebiTis paradigmebi 

identuria: 

v-tir-od-i v-tir-od-i-T 

s-tir-od-i s-tir-od-i-T 

tir-od-i-s tir-od-i-an 

rom Kvela SemTxvevaSi (e. i. -d da -id id sufiqsianebSic) 

aseTi viTareba gvqondes, TavisTavad 

cxadia, dadgeboda sakiTxi am formaTa erTi 

mwkrivis formebad miCnevisa, magram arsebiTi 

isaa, rom formaTa damTxveva xdeba mxolod erTi 

tipis (-od od sufiqsian) zmnebSi da ara Kvela SemTxvevaSi. 

mwkrivis formaTa warmoebis sakiTxebze 

msJelobisas es faqti aGiniSneba, magram ar 

dgeba sakiTxi mwkrivTa identifikaciisa... 

aseve iTqmis II xolmeobiTzec _ Zveli qarTulisaTvis aSkarad 

gamokveTili damoukidebeli formisa da funqciis mwkrivze: 

v-a-q-i, a-q-i, a-q-i-s... formobrivi da funqciuri TvalsazrisiT 

kanonzomieria e-brZan-i-s tipis formaTa damoukidebel mwkrivad 

_ mesame xolmeobiTad _ gamoKofac. 

Se SeniS Se 


vna: vna dava III xolmeobiTis Taobaze specialur literaturaSi 

ar aris. arn. Ciqobavas SromebSi am mwkri-


177 

vis Sesaxeb msJeloba araa. Tumca arn. Ciqobavas 

redaqciiT gamosul a. yinyaraulis monografiaSi 

`xevsurulis Taviseburebani~ (1961) am mwkrivis 

Taobaze aris saubari (gv. 144-145). 

6666....2222. . . . eeee. . . . wwww. . . . sa sada sa sada 

davvvvo da o o o mwkrive mwkri mwkri mwkrive 

vebis vebis 

bis bis Sesa Se Se Sesa 

saxeb saxeb 

xeb xeb 

samecniero literaturaSi araa azrTa erTgvaroba Sereuli 

kavSirebiTis mwkrivis Sesaxeb. rogorc iTqva, am formebs pirvelad 

KuradGeba k. kekeliZem miaqcia, magram misi calke mwkrivad 

gamoKofa da morfologiur-semantikuri daxasiaTeba a. SaniZis 

saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli: `warmoebis TvalsazrisiT isini II serias 

ekuTvnian _ mis fuZes eKrdnobian, magram zed urTaven od 

savrcobs, romelic I seriidan aris aGebuli. amis gamo isini ormag 

bunebas iCenen: sintaqsuri Taviseburebani II seriis mwkrivebisa 

aqvT (gardamavali zmnebi qvemdebares moTxrobiTSi SeiwKoben, 

pird. damatebas ki _ saxelobiTSi), xolo erTi morfologiuri 

kategoriis mixedviT isini I seriis mwkrivTa rigSi dganan: aspeqti 

usruli aqvT. dro maT momavali aqvT, kilo _ TxrobiTi an 

kavSirebiTi, zogJer brZanebiTic~ (a. SaniZe, 1948, gv. 18). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna SeiZleba dazustebas moiTxovdes ganmarteba, rom 

-od od sufiqsi Ì seriidan aris aGebuli~. -od od sufiqsi 

gvxvdeba I seriis mwkrivebTanac, III seriis 

mwkrivebTanac da, rogorc vxedavT, II seriis 

mwkrivTanac. ase rom, savrcobiani mwkrivebi Kvela 

seriaSi gvaqvs. amitom prioriteti I serias 

albaT ar unda mieniyos. 

arn. Ciqobava àGiG-od-i-s~, `misc-od-i-s~ tipis formebs damoukidebeli 

mwkrivis formebad ar gaiazrebs. avtori mas `xolmeobi- 

Tisagan nawarmoeb namKo usruls~, anda àrqaul namKo usruls~ 

uwodebs. warmoebis mixedviT ganarCevs orgvar namKo usruls: 

a) ake akeTeb ake akeTeb 

Tebda Teb da _ awmKos fuZisagan nawarmoebi ordinaluri 

(rigiTi) namKo usruli; 

b) vi vido vi vido 

doda do da _ xolmeobiTisagan nawarmoebi arqauli namKo 

usruli (arn. Ciqobava, 1948(1), gv. 58).

178 


vfiqrobT: àG-i-G-od-i-s~... tipis formaTa analizi am tipis 

warmoebis damoukidebel mwkrivad miCnevas dauyers mxars. 

faqtia, gvaqvs gansxvavebuli fuZe (I seriis -od od od sufiqsian warmoebasTan 

Temis niSniT gansxvavebuli) gansxvavebuli funqciebiT. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna a) Zvel qarTulSi uwKvetlis funqciebad asaxeleben: 

`dro _ warsuli, kilo _ TxrobiTi, aspeqti 

_ usruli (a. SaniZe); 

Sereuli kavSirebiTis funqciebia: dro _ momavali, 

kilo _TxrobiTi (an kavSirebiTi, an brZanebiTi), 

aspeqti _ usruli. 

b) a. SaniZe am mwkrivis erT-erT Taviseburebad 

imasac miiCnevs, rom II seriis sxva mwkrivTagan 

gansxvavebiT obieqtis mravlobiTobis n(←en) 

formanti -od od sufiqsis winaa: Sewirnodis (man 

igini). es faqti a. SaniZes imis sabuTad miaCnda, 

rom `mwkrivi uTuod meoreuli warmoSobisaa~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1948, gv. 18). dakvirveba udavod sainteresoa, 

magram am mwkrivis meoreuli (gviandeli) 

warmomavlobis sabuTad es faqti SeiZleba 

ar gamodges: -en en sufiqsi mxolod meore seriis 

formebTan gvxvdeba da igi Cveulebriv uSualod 

martiv fuZes (resp. Zirs) mierTvis; pirisa da 

ricxvis niSnebi Tu mwkrivis mawarmoeblebi, Cve- 

ulebriv, -en en (→n) sufiqss mosdevs: 

da-wer-en, da-wer-en-i-T, 

da-wer-n-a, da-wer-n-es 

da-wer-en-i-n, da-wer-n-ed, 

da-wer-n-i-s, da-wer-n-i-an, 

da-wer-n-e-s, da-wer-n-e-n, 

aseTive viTarebaa Sereuli kavSirebiTis SemTxvevaSic: 

Se-wir-n-od-i-s, aGa-srul-n-od-i-an. 

ar gvaqvs SesaZlebloba am TvalsazrisiT SevudaroT 

sxva -od formantiani mwkrivebi _ I da III


179 

seriaSi -en(→n) sufiqsi pirdapiri obieqtis 

mravlobiTobisa ara gvaqvs. II seriis formaTa 

analizi ki Sereuli kavSirebiTis vaiTarebas 

gancalkevebiT ar warmogvidgens. 

aq albaT im sakiTxis dasmac SeiZleba, rom 

sxva mwkrivTa formebis gaazrebidan odi odi erT 

morfemad xom ar unda iqnes gaazrebuli: 

dav-wer-en 

dav-wer-n-i 

dav-wer-n-e 

dav-wer-n-odi... 

sxvagvaria viTareba awmKos xolmeobiTis da, Sesabamisad, I da 

II brZanebiTis SemTxvevaSi. samive mwkrivis paradigma pirnaklia. 

awmKos xolmeobiTis paradigmaSi mxolod III piris formebs 

warmoadgenen: 

wer-n (igi mas) wer-ed (igini mas) 

I da II brZanebiTis paradigmebi II da III piris formebiTaa 

warmodgenili: 

I I brZanebiTi 

brZanebiTi II II brZanebiTi 

1. _ _ _ 1. _ _ _ 

2. wer-d-(i) 2. da-wer-e 

3. wer-d-i-n 3. da-wer-e-n 

1. _ _ _ 1. _ _ _ 

2. wer-d-i-T 2. da-wer-e-T 

3. wer-d-ed 3. da-wer-ed 

am sami mwkrivis Taobaze samecniero literaturaSi araa 

azrTa erTgvaroba. azrTa sxvadasxvaobis safuZvels is qmnis, rom 

maT sakuTari fuZe ar gaaCniaT. àwmKos xolmeobiTi da I brZanebiTi 

sakuTari fuZis armqone, pirnakli mwkrivebia~ (l. kiknaZe, 

1961, gv. 231) awmKos xolmeobiTis fuZe identuria awmKos fuZisa; 

I brZanebiTis fuZe _ uwKvetlis fuZisa, xolo II brZanebiTis 

fuZe _ wKvetilis fuZisa. es cnobili faqtia. 

funqciuri sxvaoba aSkaraa awmKosa da awmKos xolmeobiTis, 

uwKvetlisa da I brZanebiTis, wKvetilisa da II brZanebiTis formebs 

Soris:

180 


a) awmKo awmKo _ `dro exlandelia, kilo _ TxrobiTi~. 

awmKos xol xolme xol 

me meobi me bi biTi bi Ti _ `kilo TxrobiTia, gamoxatavs mravalgzis 

gameorebul moqmedebas warsulSi an iseT moqmedebas, 

romelic Cveulebrivia da maradis xdeba~. 

b) uwKve uwKvete uwKve uwKvete 

teli 

li _ `dro warsulia, kilo TxrobiTi~. 

I brZa brZane brZa brZane 

nebi 

biTi 

Ti _ `dro exlandeli an momavali, kilo _ 

brZanebiTi~. 

g) wKv wKveti wKv ti tili ti li _ `dro warsulia, kilo _ TxrobiTi~. 

II II brZa brZane brZa brZane 

nebi 

biTi 

Ti _ `dro momavalia, kilo _ brZanebiTi~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1976, gv. 69-70). 

magram aris ki sakmarisi mxolod funqciuri sxvaoba am 

wKvilTagan TiToeulis damoukidebel mwkrivad miCnevisaTvis? 

formobrivad maT Soris sxvaobas qmnis is, rom subieqtur mesame 

pirSi gansxvavebul sufiqsebs miiGeben: 

awmKo awmKo 

awmKos awmKos xolmeobiTi 

xolmeobiTi 

wer-s wer-n 

wer-en wer-ed 

uwKveteli 

uwKveteli uwKveteli I I brZanebiTi 

brZanebiTi 

wer-d-a wer-d-i-n 

wer-d-es wer-d-ed 

wKvetili wKvetili 

II II brZanebiTi 

brZanebiTi 

da-wer-a da-wer-e-n 

da-wer-es da-wer-ed 

rogorc vxedavT, viTareba samive SemTxvevaSi erTgvaria: 

faqtobriv, piris niSanTa sxvaobas efuZneba damoukidebel mwkriv- 

Ta gamoKofa. aris ki es sakmarisi mwkrivTa gamoKofisaTvis? 

sakiTxis amgvarad dasmas samecniero literaturaSi xangrZlivi 

istoria aqvs. azrTa erTgvaroba Jerac araa miGweuli. 

erTi Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, ar ar-n ar 

n _ ari ari-ed ari ed ed formebi 

awmKos formebia, subieqtis uZvelesi -n, , -ed ed sufiqsebiT; sxvagvarad: 

a r - s da a r - n, a r - i - a n da a r - i - e d paraleluri formebia 

awmKos mwkrivisa; paralelizms sxvadasxva piris niSanTa ga-


moKeneba qmnis (arn. Ciqobava, 1940, 1948(1), 1968; v. Tofuria, 

1953; g. rogava, 1968; a. arabuli, 1980). 

meore Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, subieqturi mesame piris sufiqsebiT 

gansxvavebuli formebi sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebia 

(a. SaniZe, 1976; i. abulaZe, 1954; i. imnaiSvili, 1982; l. kiknaZe, 

1961; 1967; z. sarJvelaZe, 1984). 

amTaviTve aGvniSnavT, rom CvenTvis misaGebia pirveli Tvalsazrisi. 

ra SeiZleba iTqvas meore Tvalsazrisze? 

mkvlevarTa umetesoba awmKos xolmeobiTs pirnakl mwkrivad 

miiCnevs; es aris mwkrivi, romelsac mxolod subieqturi mesame 

piris formebi moepoveba (a. SaniZe, i. imnaiSvili...). Tu awmKos 

xolmeobiTs damoukidebel mwkrivad miviCnevT, savsebiT marTebuli 

iqneba z. sarJvelaZis mier sakiTxis ase dasma: `Znelia warmovidginoT, 

rom iseT mniSvnelovan mwkrivs, rogoricaa awmKos 

xolmeobiTi, ar hqonoda I da II subieqturi piris formebi. rogorc 

Cans, awmKos xolmeobiTis I da II piris formebi awmKos I da 

II piris formebs emTxveva. garCeuli iKo mxolod III piris formebi~ 

(z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 425). amgvarad, awmKosa da awmKos 

xolmeobiTis mwkrivTa paradigmebi aseT saxes miiGebda: 

awmKo awmKo 

awmKos awmKos xo xolmeobiTi 

xo meobiTi 

v-kl-av v-kl-av 

h-kl-av h-kl-av 

kl-av-s kl-av-n 

v-kl-av-T v-kl-av-T 

h-kl-av-T h-kl-av-T 

kl-v-en en kl-v-ed ed 

sxvaobas am or paradigmas Soris III pirSi sufiqsebi -s da 

-n, , -en en da -ed ed qmnian. ar davoben imis Taobaze, rom es sufiqsebi 

subieqturi mesame piris formantebia; -n da -ed ed ed sufiqsTa gamo- 

Keneba miiCneva awmKos xolmeobiTis mwkrivebisaTvis specifikur 

movlenad. magram faqtia, rom isi isini isi isini 

ni su subi su 

bi bieq 

eqtu 

turi tu ri me mesa me 

sa same sa me pirs gga 

g 

mo moxa mo 

xa xata 

taven ta ven sxva mwkri mwkriveb mwkri 

veb vebSic 

Sic; Sic kerZod, miuTiTeben, rom 

a) `Zveli qarTulis normaTa mixedviT, -ed ed mesame subieqturi 

piris niSnad mravlobiT ricxvSi ixmareba I I da da II II brZa brZane brZa brZane 

nebiT 

biT- 

biT 

181

182 


Si Si: Si 

: imal imalvod imal imalvod 

vod-ed vod ed (igini); da dawer da 

wer wer-ed wer ed (maT igi); awmKos awmKos xo xolme xo xo me meobiT me biT biT- biT 

Si Si: Si 

: wer wer-ed wer 

ed ed (igini mas); II II brZa brZane brZa brZane 

nebiT 

biTSi biT Si _ iseT zmnebTan, romel- 

Tac mwkrivis niSani ar daerTvis: Tqu Tqu-ed Tqu ed (mag igi)~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 

1984, gv. 394). garda amisa, -ed ed sufiqsi subieqturi piris 

niSnad mravlobiT ricxvSi dadasturda uwKvet uwKvetlis uwKvet lis xo xolme xo 

me meobiT me biT- 

sa (zrun-v-id-i-ed...) da II II xo xolme xo me meobiT me biT biTSi biT Si (da-sxd-i-ed...) (i. abula- 

Ze, 1954), II kavSirebiTsa (iqmned...) da I TurmeobiTSi (Seumosied...) 

(z. sarJvelaZe, 1984). 

b) `S3 piris niSnad mxolobiT ricxvSi -n gvxvdeba: awmKos 

awmKos 


meobiT me biT biTSi biT Si (zin zin zin, zin , wern wern), wern I I brZa brZane brZa brZane 

nebiT ne iT iTsa 

sa (wer wer werdin 

din, din , klev klevdin klev 

din din) din da II 

brZa brZane brZa brZane 

nebiT 

biTSi biT Si (mo mo mokaln 

kaln, 

, Tqun Tqun) Tqun 

(z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 403)~. garda 

amisa, -n subieqturi III piris niSnad dadasturda I I Tur Turme Tur Turme 

meobi me bi biT- bi 

Sic Sic (ucnobien) (i. abulaZe, 1954) da II II xol xolme xol xolme 

meobiT me biT biTSic biT Sic (iTq‚n iTq‚n iTq‚n, iTq‚n , 

iKvin iKvin) iKvin iKvin (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984). 

ra faqtis winaSe aGmovCndiT: 

mxolobiT ricxvSi subieqtur mesame pirs gamoxatavs -n: 

awmKos xolmeobiTSi; 

I brZanebiTSi; 

II brZanebiTSi; 

II xolmeobiTSi; 

I TurmeobiTSi. 

subieqturi mesame piris mravlobiT ricxvs gamoxatavs -ed ed ed: ed 

awmKos xolmeobiTSi; 

I brZanebiTSi; 

uwKvetlis xolmeobiTSi, 

II brZanebiTSi; 

II xolmeobiTSi; 

II kavSirebiTSi; 

I TurmeobiTSi. 

amdenad, -n da -ed ed ed sufiqsTa gmoKenebis sfero sakmaod far- 

Toa. am dros sami mwkrivis _ awmKos awmKos xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi biTis 

Tis, Tis , I brZa brZanebi brZa 

bi bi- bi 

Ti Tisa Ti sa da II II II brZa brZane brZa brZane 

nebi 

biTis bi Tis _ damoukidebel sauGlebel erTeulad 

miCneva mxolod am niSanTa gamovlenas efuZneba, maSin roca piris 

niSniT aseve gansxvavebuli formebi uwKvet uwKvetlis uwKvet lis xol xolme xol xolme 

meobiT me biT biT- biT 

Si Si, Si 

, II II xol xolme xol xolme 

meobiT me biT biTSi 

Si, Si , II kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebiT 

biTsa biT sa da I Tur Turme Tur Turme 

meobiT me biT biTSi biT Si damouki-


debel sauGlebel erTeulad ar gaiazreba. Tuki es faqtori (piris 

niSanTa sxvaoba) sauGlebel erTeulTa gamoKofis principad 

SeiZleba miviGoT, gamodis, rom es principi irGveva. Cveni msJelobis 

sawinaaGmdegod SeiZleba gviTxran, rom awmKos xolmeobiTsa 

da I-II brZanebiTis SemTxvevaSi funqciuri sxvaobac xdeba, 

sxva SemTxvevaSi _ ara. marTalia, magram unda gaviTvaliswinoT 

isic, rom xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca 

I. awmKo gvaqvs iq, sadac konteqstis mixedviT awmKos xolmeobiTi 

aris mosalodneli; 

II. erTsa da imave winadadebaSi erTmaneTis gverdiT dasturdeba 

awmKosa da awmKos xolmeobiTis formebi; 

III. erTi da imave teqstis sxvadasxva nusxebi sakmaod xSirad 

erTmaneTs imiTac upirispirdebian, rom erTi da imave zmnis 

formas gansxvavebulad warmogvidgenen. erT nusxaSi rom awmKos 

xolmeobiTia, saTanado adgilas meore nusxa awmKos mwkrivs gamoavlens; 

IV. erTsa da imave winadadebaSi awmKos gverdiT dasturdeba 

zmnebi, romlebic uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis an III xolmeobiTis 

formiT arian warmodgenili. amdenad, aseT SemTxvevebSi awmKos 

xolmeobiTi iKo mosalodneli, gvaqvs ki awmKo; 

V. gadamwers mcdarad miuCnevia awmKos formebi da mis `gaazrianebas~ 

cdila (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 427). da Kovelive es 

IX-XI saukunis ZeglebSi dasturdeba. 

rogorc vxedavT, -s/ -en en sufiqsebian formebsac Seswevs unari 

zogadi awmKos funqciis gadmocemisa. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna Kvela CamoTvlili SemTxveva avtorTan gamonaklisad 

da normidan gadaxvevad miiCneva, rom 

àwmKos xolmeobiTis mwkrivi iSleba, mas Tavisuflad 

enacvleba awmKo~. warmodgenil SemTxvevaTa 

magaliTebis simravle, Tanac Zveli qarTulisaTvis 

iseT mniSvnelovan periodSi, rogoricaa 

IX-XI saukuneebi, vfiqrobT, imis mauwKebelia, 

upirveles Kovlisa, rom zogadi da konkretuli 

awmKos gamoxatva formobriv mkveTrad araa gamiJnuli. 

183

184 


davuSvaT, rom mesame subieqturi piris niSnis mixedviT gansxvavebuli 

formebi sistemebr dapirispirebulia funqciuradac. 

aris ki es sakmarisi maTi sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad miCnevisaTvis? 

ar aris SemTxveviTi is faqti, rom a. SaniZe awmKos xolmeobiTs 

pirnakl mwkrivad warmoadgens. v-wer, s-wer, v-wer-T, s-wer-T 

avtorisaTvis mxolod awmKos formebia; ra Tqma unda, albaT, 

Kvelaze kargad a. SaniZisaTvis iKo cnobili is faqti, rom am 

formebs SeswevT unari rogorc konkretuli, aseve zogadi 

awmKos (xolmeobiTis) funqciis gadmocemisa, magram ar svams sakiTxs 

am formaTa ori mwkrivis saxiT warmodgenisas. es daarGvevda 

a. SaniZis moZGvrebas mwkrivis kategoriis Sesaxeb: 

`zmnis zmnis for forma for forma 

maTa ma Ta iseT iseT Jgufs Jgufs, Jgufs , ro rome ro 

me melic me lic aer aerTi aer aerTi 

Tianebs Ti nebs er erTma er erTma 

Tmane 

neTi 

Tisa Ti sa- 

gan gan gan mxo mxolod mxo lod pi piri pi piri 

risa ri sa da ri ricxvis ri 

cxvis mi mixed mi 

xed xedviT xed viT gan gansxva gan 

sxva sxvave 

vebul ve bul ffor 

f 

mebs mebs, mebs , mwkri mwkrivi mwkri vi hqvia hqvia~ hqvia (a. SaniZe, i. imnaiSvili, l. kvayaZe, 1980, gv. 

109); rom `zmnis zmnis im im im na nawils na nawils 

wils, wils , ro romel ro 

mel melsac mel sac Camo CamoSo Camo CamoSo 

Sore Sore 

rebu 

buli bu li aqvs aqvs pi pi- 

pi 

risa sa sa da ri ricxvis ri 

cxvis niS niSne niS 

ne nebi 

bi, bi , mwkri mwkrivis mwkri 

vis fu fuZe fu 

Ze hqvia hqvia~ hqvia 

(iqve, gv. 11). rom 

`zmnas zmnas zmnas sxva sxvadas sxva sxvadas 

dasxva das xva mwkriv mwkrivSi mwkriv 

Si sxva sxvadas sxva sxvadas 

dasxva das xva fu fuZe fu fuZe 

Ze aqvs aqvs~ aqvs 

(iqve, gv. 121). 

am moZGvrebis safuZvelze v-wer wer forma ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos 

erT SemTxvevaSi awmKod da sxva SemTxvevaSi awmKos xolmeobiTad, 

miuxedavad imisa, rogoria konteqstSi misi funqciebi... 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna z. sarJvelaZis azriT, àwmKos xolmeobiTis I da II 

pirebis formebi awmKos I da II pirebis formebs 

emTxveoda. msgavsi viTareba gvaqvs -d sufiqsiani 

vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa uGlebisas II seriaSi, sadac 

`wKvetilisa da II xolmeobiTis I da II pirebis 

formebi saziaroa~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 425). 

vfiqrobT, amgvari analogia sadavoa: wKvetilisa 

da meore xolmeobiTis I-II pirebis formaTa damTxveva 

xdeba mxolod erTi Jgufis zmnebSi da 

ara saerTod. sxva SemTxvevaSi am ori mwkrivis 

formebi mkveTradaa gansxvavebuli I-II pirebSi. aq 

saqme gvaqvs erTi tipis zmnaTa wKvetilis warmoebis 

TaviseburebebTan. sxvagvaria viTareba awmKosa 

da awmKos xolmeobiTis SemTxvevaSi _ formaTa 

damTxveva (Tuki sxvadasxva mwkrivad miviCnevT)


185 

Kvela tipis zmnaTaTvis iqneba Cveulebrivi. 

SedarebisaTvis saxelTa brunebidan: axal qar- 

TulSi xdeba fuZeukvecel saxelTa micemiTi da 

naTesaobiTi brunvis formaTa damTxveva (wKaros wKaros 

wKali da wKaros wKaros wavawKdi). es faqti rom damaxasiaTebeli 

KofiliKo Kvela tipis saxelTa 

brunebisaTvis, ori brunva aGar gamoiKofoda. 

wKvetilisa da II xolmeobiTis formaTa damTxveva 

am viTarebis analogiurad gvesaxeba. 

a. SaniZis warmodgenili moZGvreba mwkrivis raobis Sesaxeb 

saKovelTaodaa gaziarebuli. rogor Seegueba am moZGvrebas wer wer-s wer 

da wer wer-n wer formaTa sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad miCneva (Sesabamisad: 

uwKvetlisa da I brZanebiTis, wKvetilisa da II brZanebiTis)? 

cxadia, kiTxva problemuria. 

aGmoCndeba, rom sistemebr awmKosa da awmKos xolmeobiTs, 

uwKvetelsa da I brZanebiTs, wKvetilsa da II brZanebiTs erTi da 

igive fuZe aqvT: 

a w m K o a w m K o s x o l m e o b i T i 

wer wer-s wer 

wer wer-n wer 

war-i-Kvan Kvan Kvan-eb Kvan eb eb-s eb war-i-Kvan Kvan Kvan-eb Kvan eb eb-n eb 

s-cn cn cn-ob cn ob ob-s ob 

s-cn cn cn-ob cn ob ob-n ob 

Txz Txz-av Txz av av-s av 

Txz Txz-av Txz 

av av-n av 

u w K v e t e l i I b r Z a n e b i T i 

wer wer-d-a wer wer 

wer wer-d-i-n wer 

war-i-Kvan Kvan Kvan-eb Kvan eb eb-d-a eb war-i-Kvan Kvan Kvan-eb Kvan eb eb-d-i-n eb 

s-cn cn cn-ob cn ob ob-d-a ob 

s-cn cn cn-ob cn ob ob-d-i-n ob 

Txz Txz-v-id Txz Txz id id-a id 

Txz Txz-ev Txz 

ev ev-d-i-n ev 

w K v e t i l i I I b r Z a n e b i T i 

s-wer wer wer-e wer 

wer wer-e-n wer 

war-i-Kvan Kvan Kvan-e Kvan 

war-i-Kvan Kvan Kvan-e-n Kvan 

s-can can can can-i-n can 

Se-s-Txaz Txaz Se-Txaz Txaz Txaz-n 

Txaz

186 


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna sruli fuZe rom warmoCeniliKo, wKvetilSi S2 piris 

formebi moviKvaneT. 

kvlav gavixsenoT: `zmnas sxvadasxva mwkrivSi sxvadasxva fuZe 

aqvs~. es es de debu de debu 

bule 

leba le ba da da da moKva moKvani moKva moKvani 

nili ni li ma maga ma maga 

gali 

liTe 

Tebi Te bi er erTma er 

Tma TmaneTs Tma neTs ew ewi- ew 

naaGmde naaGmdege naaGmde naaGmdege 

geba 

ba. ba am debulebis safuZvelze a w m K o s a d a a w m K o s 

x o l m e o b i T s, u w K v e t e l s a d a I b r Z a n e b i T s, w K v e - 

t i l s a d a II b r Z a n e b i T s s x v a d a s x v a m w k r i v a d v e r 

m i v i C n e v T. 

aGniSnul wKvilTa sxvadasxva mwkrivad miCneva mwkrivis ganmartebis 

dazustebas moiTxovs: an mwkrivTa Soris fuZeTa sxvaobis 

principi unda Seicvalos, an mwkrivis fuZis ganmarteba. 

mwkrivis fuZis ganmartebis Secvla fuZeSi piris niSanTa 

Setanas ivaraudebda (wer-s da wer-n mxolod piris niSnebiT gansxvavdeba). 

sakiTxis ase dasma, TavisTavad cxadia, dauSvebelia: 

gveqneba imdeni fuZe (Sesabamisad, imdeni mwkrivic), ramdeni formacaa 

pirisa da ricxvis niSnebiT gansxvavebuli! 

Tu fuZeTa sxvaobas ar miviCnevT aucileblad mwkrivTa gamoKofisaTvis 

da mxolod funqciur sxvaobas davemKarebiT, imgvar 

Sedegs miviGebdiT, ra viTarebac praqtikul gramatikebSi 

gvqonda: erTi da igive forma sxvadasxva drois (mwkrivis) formad 

rom gaiazreboda! es meore ukiduresobaa. da rac mTavaria: 

wer wer-s wer da wer wer-n... wer ... formaTa sxvadasxva mwkrivad miCneva daarGvevs 

im ZiriTad princips, rac n. marma danerga samecniero gramatika- 

Si _ sawarmoebeli fuZis princips. es iqneba, faqtobriv, mibruneba 

im principisaken, rac praqtikul garmatikebSi iKo damkvidrebuli. 

subieqturi mesame piris niSnebiT gansxvavebul formaTa 

sxvadasxva sauGlebel erTeulebad miCnevam gamouval winaaGmdegobaSi 

Cagvagdo. 

Kovelive es im Tvalsazriss dauyers mxars, rom awmKos 

xolmeobiTi, I da II brZanebiTebi Zvel qarTulSi aris damoukidebeli 

mwkrivebi. 

mainc rCeba erTi sakiTxi: ra vuKoT im funqciur sxvaobas, 

romelic wer wer-s wer da wer wer-en wer en formaTa Sorisaa (da, Sesabamisad, 

wer wer-e-n wer da wer wer-a, wer , wer wer-d-i-n wer da wer wer-d-a wer formebs Soris). 

wer wer-s wer s da wer wer-n wer formaTa ganmasxvavebeli elementebi subieq-


turi mesame piris morfemebia. formaTa Soris funqciuri sxvaobaa. 

faqtia, formaTa ganmasxvavebeli elementebi araa gansxvavebul 

mniSvnelobaTa morfologiuri niSani... 

rogorc iTqva, paraleluri _ nariani da saniani _ warmoeba 

mesame subieqturi pirisa dasturdeba ramdenime mwkrivSi: 

awmKoSi, uwKvetelSi, wKvetilSi, II xolmeobiTSi, I TurmeobiTSi. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom -ed ed sufiqsiani 

warmoeba subieqturi mesame piris mravlobiT ricxvSi, 

garda CamoTvlilisa, gvaqvs uwKvetlis xolmeobiTsa 

da II kavSirebiTSi, SeiZleboda am mwkrivebis 

dasaxelebac paralelur formian mwkrivebSic. 

amaTgan damoukidebeli mwkrivebis gamoKofas varaudoben 

(sxvadasxva funqciis safuZvelze) mxolod awmKosagan, uwKvetlisa 

da wKvetilisagan. uwKvetlis xolmeobiTSi, II xolmeobiTSi, II 

kavSirebiTSi paraleluri formebis arseboba ar gamxdara safuZveli 

axali mwkrivebis gamoKofisa. Tu davuSvebT, rom -n/ -ed ed sufiqsebs 

pirvel SemTxvevaSi SeswevT Zala mwkrivTa dapirispirebisa, 

ratom ar xdeba es meore SemTxvevaSi? Tu -n/ -d mwkrivis 

formaTa damapirispirebeli elementebia, ratom gvxvdeba isini 

meore rigis mwkrivebTan? da kidev, ratom axdens -n/ -d dapirispirebas 

sxvadasxva funqciuri TvalsazrisiT? 

vfiqrobT, saqme isaa, rom awmKo, uwKveteli da wKvetili 

droul-kilouri TvalsazrisiT polifunqciuri mwkrivebia: 

awmKos formas Seswevs unari konkretuli (awmKo) drois gadmocemisac 

da zogadi awmKos mniSvnelobac aqvs (anu: daclilia konkretuli 

drouli mniSvnelobisagan); es sxvaoba safuZveli xdeba 

aspeqturi sxvaobisac (kerZod, erTgzisi da mravalgzisi mniSvnelobebis 

gadmocemis); aseve, uwKvetelsa da wKvetils SeswevT 

unari TxrobiTi da brZanebiTi kilos mniSvnelobebis gadmocemisa 

(rac xdeba safuZveli drouli sxvaobisa; TxrobiTi kilos 

gadmocemis SemTxvevaSi dro warsulia, brZanebiTi kilos SemTxvevaSi 

_ dro momavalia). 

idealuria viTareba, roca enaSi gansxvavebuli funqcia gan- 

187

188 


sxvavebuli formiT gadmoicema... warmodgenil sam mwkrivSi arsebuli 

formobrivi paralelizmi mesame subieqtur pirSi enam 

funqciuri sxvaobisaTvis gamoiKena: enaSi ukve arsebulma formebma 

SeiTavses aseve enaSi ukve arsebuli Sinaarsi. es SesaZlebloba 

ar iKo I da II piris formebTan (anu I da II pirSi ar gvqonda 

paraleluri warmoeba), amitom es formebi kvlavindeburad 

polisemantikuri darCa droisa Tu kilos TvalsazrisiT. Tumca 

xazi unda gaesvas imasac, rom TviT im mwkrivebSic ki ar gatarda 

sistemebr es principi: saniani forma awmKosi orive mniSvnelobas 

iTavsebda (konkretulsac da zogadsac), e. i. zogadi awmKos mniSvneloba 

orive formiT gadmoicemoda _ sanianiTa da narianiT. 

vfiqrobT, es viTareba subieqturi mesame piris niSanTa sistemaSi 

momxdar cvlilebasTan uSualo kavSirSi unda iKos. 

subieqturi mesame piris niSanTa sistema Zvel qarTulSi amgvari 

saxiT warmogvidgeba: 

mx. ricxvi: -d mr. ricxvi: -ed 

-n -en/-an/-n 

-s -es 

-a 

(-o) 

saliteraturo enis istoria naTlad gviCvenebs am sistemis 

cvlilebis suraTs: mxolobiT ricxvSi gamoKenebis ares ifarToebs 

-s sufiqsi da iyers imave funqciiT aGyurvili -n da -d 

formantebis adgils. imavdroulad -s sufiqsis adgils rig SemTxvevaSi 

-a sufiqsi ikavebs (dinamikur gardauval zmnaTa 

awmKoSi). mravlobiT ricxvSi gamoKenebis ares ifarToebs nariani 

mawarmoeblebi, kerZod, -en en sufiqsi. -ed ed ed formanti daikarga, xolo 

-es es sufiqsis gamoKenebis are daviwrovda. 

amrigad, cvlilebis tendencia aseTia: enam ver igua erTi 

da imave funqciiT ramdenime formanti da mxolobiT ricxvSi 

Tanxmovan sufiqsTagan -s gabatonda, mravlobiTSi _ -en en sufiqsi 

iCens amgvar midrekilebas. es tendencia amjamad qvemoimerul dialeqtSi 

warmogvidgeba TiTqmis dasrulebuli saxiT: aq -es es sufiqsi 

gardamaval zmnaTa wKvetilSi -en en en-ma en Secvala (gaakeT-en, aa-


Sen-en...). -en en iyers -an an an sufiqsis adgilsac (tiri-en, modi-en...). 

aq martivad warmodgenili sistemis cvlilebis tendencia 

sakmaod xangrZlivia da rTuli procesi Cans (am sakiTxs ufro 

dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT me-12 paragrafSi). Kvela detalis ga- 

Tvaliswinebas da Kvela cvlilebis Sefasebas Cven amJerad ar 

vTvliT sayirod, magram vfiqrobT, rom narian da sanian forma- 

Ta Soris funqciaTa gadanawileba (magaliTad: zogadi da konkretuli 

awmKos funqciaTa gamoxatva) am rTuli procesis amsaxveli 

erT-erTi etapi unda iKos. Tumca, Cveni azriT, es iKo Canasaxi 

tendenciisa, romelic arc bolomde gatarda da arc Kvela 

mwkrivis SemTxveva moicva. 

vimeorebT: procesi TavisTavad Zalze sainteresoa formaTa 

Soris funqciaTa gadanawilebis procesis gasaazreblad (gansxvavebuli 

formebi gansxvavebul funqciebs iTavsebs...), magram araa 

sakmarisi narian da sanian variantTa sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad 

miCnevisaTvis... 

Kovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT awmKos awmKos xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi bi- bi 

Tis Tis, Tis , I da II II II brZa brZane brZa brZane 

nebi nebi 

biTis bi Tis damoukidebel mwkrivebad gamoKofa ar 

migvaCnia gamarTlebulad. veTanxmebiT im Tvalsazriss, rom isini 

awmKos, uwKvetlisa da wKvetilis formobrivi variantebia, subieqturi 

mesame piris niSnebiT gansxvavebuli. am mwkrivTa paradigmebi 

aseTi saxiT warmogvidgeba: 

awmKo awmKo: awmKo v-wer v-wer-T 

s-wer s-wer-T 

wer-s º n (º d) wer-en º ed 

uwKveteli 

uwKveteli: uwKveteli 

uwKveteli v-wer-d-(i) v-wer-d-i-T 

s-wer-d-(i) s-wer-d-i-T 

wer-d-a º wer-d-i-n wer-d-es º ed 

wKvetili wKvetili: wKvetili v-wer-e v-wer-e-T 

s-wer-e s-wer-e-T 

wer-a º wer-e-n wer-es º -ed 

SeniSvniT: subieqturi mesame piris -n/-ed sufiqsiani formebi 

awmKos SemTxvevaSi zogadi awmKos mniSvnelobis gamomxatvelia, 

xolo wKvetilisa da uwKvetlis SemTxvevaSi brZanebiTi kilos 

mniSvnelobas itvirTavs. 

189

190 


rogorc iTqva, II seriaSi l. kiknaZem kidev sami mwkrivi 

gamoKo: Se Sere Se Sere 

reuli re li namKo namKo, namKo , Se Sere Se 

re reuli re li brZa brZane brZa 

ne nebi 

biTi bi Ti da Se Sere Se 

re reuli re li 


meobi me bi biTi biTi 

Ti. Ti ukve aGiniSna, rom Zveli qarTulisaTvis faqtia 

Se Sere Se 

re reuli re li kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi 

biTis bi Tis mwkrivis arseboba. l. kiknaZe msJelobs: 

`raki Sereuli kavSirebiTi funqciiT I kavSirebiTis tolia da 

od-iani zmnebis am mwkrivs formiTac hgavs, mis gverdiT unda arsebuliKo 

is mwkrivic, romelic funqciiT uwKvetlis xolmeobi- 

Tis toli iqneboda, xolo formiT (garegnulad) arafriT ar 

iqneboda gansxvavebuli Sereuli kavSirebiTisagan... for formiT for miT Se- 

re reuli re 

li kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi 

biTis bi Tis msgavs am mwkrivs... Se Sere Se 

re reuli re li xol xolme xol 

me meobi me bi biTi bi Ti 

unda ewodos~ (xazi avtorisaa _ g. g.) (l. kiknaZe, 1967. gv. 

187). rom da dadv da 

dv dvodi dv di dian di an da da daiban da 

ban ban(n)odi ban odi odian odi an tipis formebs `xan Se- Se 

re reuli re 

li kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi 

biTis bi Tis funqcia aqvs da xan Se Sere Se 

re reuli re li xol xolme xol 

me meobi me bi bi- bi 

Ti Tisa Ti Tisa 

sa~ sa (iqve, gv. 190). amgvarad, paradigma: 

mi-v-s-c-od-i 

mi-s-c-od-i 

mi-s-c-od-i-s 

mi-v-s-c-od-i-T 

mi-s-c-od-i-T 

mi-s-c-od-i-a-n 

konteqstSi gamovlenili funqciisda mixedviT sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi 

sxvadasxva mwkrivad gaiazreba! es azri gaiziara z. sarJvelaZem: 

ìSviaTad, magram mainc gvxvdeba Zvel qarTul teqstebSi 

Sereuli wKvetili, Sereuli xolmeobiTi, Sereuli brZanebiTi, 

Sereuli kavSirebiTi ufro xSiria. 

am mwkrivTa (! _ g. g.) nimuSebi upiratesad gvxvdeba iseT 

ZeglebSi, romlebic dawerilia, naTargmnia an gadawerilia samxreT 

saqarTvelos mwignobrul kerebSi, an am kuTxis warmomadgenelTa 

mier. SeiZleba davasaxeloT: adiSis oTxTavi, parxlis 

mravalTavi, Sin.-97, parizis leqcionari, Sin.-43 da sxva. 

Zvel qarTul saliteraturo enaSi es movlena dialeqtizmad 

unda CavTvaloT~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 457). 

Tumca avtorma `Zveli qarTuli enis gramatikaSi~ paradigmebSi 

ar Seitana... TavisTavad cxadia, amgvari gaazreba arsebi- 

Tad ewinaaGmdegeba mwkrivTa sistemis agebis princips. faqtobriv, 

n. maris udidesi damsaxureba _ sawarmoebeli fuZis principis 

mixedviT gamoKofa sauGlebeli erTeulebisa _ aq ugulebelKofilia. 

esaa mobruneba praqtikuli gramatikebisaken _ er-


Ti da igive forma sxvadasxva funqciis gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSi 

sxvadasxva sauGlebel erTeulad rom gaiazreboda! 

Se Sere Se 

re reuli re li li xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi biTis bi Tis mwkrivis gamoKofa Zveli qarTulisaTvis 

gaumarTlebelia. 

aseve, am poziciidan gaumarTleblad migvaCnia Se Sere Se 

re reuli re li 

namKosa namKosa da Se Sere Se 

re reuli re li brZa brZane brZa brZane 

nebi 

biTis bi Tis mwkrivebis gamoKofac. movusminoT 

avtors: à. SaniZes m o g ‚ ƒ s e n e n formis adgilas, romelic 

aq II b r Z a n e b i T i a, xolo s x v a a d g i l a s SeiZleba 

w K v e t i l i iKos, aGudgenia m o m i ƒ s e n n o d e, im mwkrivis 

forma, romelic Sereul xolmeobiTTan da Sereul kavSirebiT- 

Tan erTad unda arsebuliKo da romlisTvisac SeiZleboda S e - 

r e u l i b r Z a n e b i T i gvewodebina~ (l. kiknaZe, 1967, gv. 192). 

mo momiƒsen mo 

miƒsen miƒsenno 

node no de forma rom realurad arsebuliKo Zvel qar- 

TulSi, TavisTavad cxadia, SeiZleboda msJeloba damoukidebel 

mwkrivze, magram ararsebul formaTa paradigmis realur mwkrivad 

gamocxadeba da sistemaSi misTvis adgilis miCena gayirdeba... 

amgvari daSveba avtors kidev axali mwkrivis gamoKofis safuZvels 

aZlevs: `raki a. SaniZes Sereuli brZanebiTis forma 

aGudgenia, cxadia, mas isic gaTvaliswinebuli hqonia, rom Tavis 

droze is mwkrivic unda arsebuliKo, romlis fuZec gamoKenebuli 

iqneboda Sereuli brZanebiTisaTvis da romlisTvisac SeiZleboda 

Sereuli namKo dagverqmia: raki arc I brZanebiTs da arc II 

brZanebiTs sakuTari fuZe ar hqonda (I brZanebiTi uwKvetlis 

fuZes iKenebda da II brZanebiTi _ wKvetilisas), cxadia, arc Sereul 

brZanebiTs eqneboda sakuTari fuZe da mas saTanado Sereuli 

mwkrivis fuZe unda gamoeKenebina~ (iqve, gv. 192-193). 

mo momiƒsen mo 


node no de tipis formebi rom realurad arsebuliKo, 

maTi or mwkrivad miCneva (Sereul namKod da Sereul brZanebi- 

Tad) principulad gaumarTlebeli iqneboda. am SemTxvevaSi ki, 

ramdenadac realurad amgvari formebi ar dasturdeba, am mwkrivebze 

saubaric zedmeti gveCveneba. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna 1. l. kiknaZis msJelobidan is STabeydilebac rCeba, 

rom TiTqos Sereuli namKosa da Sereuli 

brZanebiTis gamoKofa safuZvels a. SaniZis naazrevidan 

iGebs. marTalia, a. SaniZe aGadgens 

191

192 


formas mo momiƒsen mo 


node 

de, de magram ar svams sakiTxs 

misi damoukidebel sauGlebel erTeulad miCnevis 

Taobaze. safuZvels moklebuli gveCveneba 

mtkicebac, rom `mas (a. SaniZes) isic gaTvaliswinebuli 

hqonia, rom Tavis droze is mwkrivic 

unda arsebuliKo, romlis fuZec gamoKenebuli 

iqneboda Sereuli brZanebiTisaTvis~. a. SaniZis 

SromebSi amgvari mwkrivebis _ Sereuli brZanebiTi, 

Sereuli namKo, Sereuli xolmeobiTi _ 

Sesaxeb araa msJeloba. `Zveli qarTuli enis 

gramatikaSi~, romelic 1976 wels daibeyda (l. 

kiknaZis naSromi 1967 wels gamoqveKnda), am 

mwkrivebs ver vxvdebiT. rogorc Cans, a. SaniZe 

ar iziarebda warmodgenil Tvalsazriss. a. SaniZis 

debuleba _ `zmnas sxvadasxva mwkrivSi 

sxvadasxva fuZe aqvs~ _ sxvagvari daskvnis uflebas 

ar gvaZlevs. 

2. l. kiknaZis Tvalsazrisis Semagrebas faqtobrivi 

masaliT cdilobs z. sarJvelaZe. aGi aGiGoda aGi aGiGoda 

Goda, Goda, 

, 

eKvo eKvode eKvo eKvode 

de, de , T‚s T‚s-eKvo T‚s 

eKvo eKvoda 

da, da , T‚s T‚s-eKvo T‚s 

eKvo eKvodes eKvo des _ Sereuli 

wKvetilis formebadaa miCneuli, xolo forma 

aGiGodid 

aGiGodid aGiGodid _ Sereul brZanebiTad. Tumca kategoriulad 

amis mtkicebas avtori ar cdilobs. 

msJeloba _ àris ramdenime SemTxveva, roca Sereuli 

wKvetilia sagulvebeli~ da `TiTqos Sereuli 

brZanebiTic gvxvdeba gelaTis bibliaSi~ 

_ gvafiqrebinebs, rom avtorisaTvisac mTlad 

sarwmuno ar aris formaTa amgvari kvalifikacia 

(ix. z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 456-457). amitomac 

avtors es mwkrivebi ar Seutania Zveli qar- 

Tuli enis gramatikis saxelmZGvaneloSi (z. sarJvelaZe, 

1997). 

I TurmeobiTis iSviaTi formebi _ uc ucno uc 

no nobi 

bien 

en, en , Se Segi Se 

gi gira 

racxi 

cxien 

en, en , 

mi miuge mi 

ge gebi 

bien 

en... en tipisa _ rogorc iTqva, damoukidebeli mwkrivis 

formebad gaiazreba (i. abulaZe, 1954, gv. 145; l. kiknaZe, 1967, 

gv. 192; z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 404-405). am mwkrivs ÌII xolmeo-


biTi~ (i. abulaZe) an Ì TurmeobiTis xolmeobiTi~ (l. kiknaZe) 

uwodes. 

Cven sarwmunod da damaJerebald migvaCnia Tvalsazrisi, 

romlis mixedviTac am SemTxvevaSi, iseve rogorc àwmKos xolmeobiTis~ 

SemTxvevaSi, saqme gvaqvs I TurmeobiTis arqaul formeb- 

Tan; III subieqturi piris niSniT gansxvavebul paralelur warmoebasTan 

(a. arabuli, 1980, gv. 39). awmKos xolmeobiTis Taobaze 

zemoT warmodgenili msJeloba analogias am SemTxvevaSic ipovis... 

Tu SevaJamebT Kovelive zemoTqmuls, Zvel qarTulSi drokiloTa 

sistema am saxiT warmogvidgeba: 

I seria _ 1. awmKo _ (das)wer-s 

2. uwKveteli _ (das)wer-d-a 

3. uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi _ (das)wer-d-i-s 

4. I kavSirebiTi _ (das)wer-d-e-s 

II seria _ 5. wKvetili _ (da)wer-a 

6. II xolmeobiTi _ (da)wer-i-s 

7. II kavSirebiTi _ (da)wer-o-s 

8. Sereuli kavSirebiTi _ (da)wer-od-i-s 

III seria _ 9. I TurmeobiTi _ (da)uwer-ie-s 

10. II TurmeobiTi _ (da)ewer-a 

11. III xolmeobiTi _ (da) ewer-i-s 

12. III kavSirebiTi _ (da)ewer-o-s 

rogorc vxedavT, gansxvavebas axali qarTulis sistemisagan 

oTxi mwkrivi qmnis: uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi, II xolmeobiTi, Sereuli 

kavSirebiTi, III xolmeobiTi. Tu im faqtsac gaviTvaliswinebT, 

rom Sereuli kavSirebiTis formebi Cveulebriv xolmeobi- 

Tis funqciasac iTavseben (ris gamoc Sereuli xolmeobiTic ewoda 

am formebs), SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom rom Zve Zveli Zve Zveli 

li da axa axali axa 

li qar qar- qar 

Tu Tulis Tu lis dro dro-ki dro 

ki kilo 

loTa lo Ta sis siste sis 

te tema 

maTa ma Ta So Soris So 

ris ris ar arse ar 

se sebu 

buli bu li gan gansxva gan gansxva 

sxvave 

vebis ve bis 

mi mize mi 

ze zezi ze zi xxol 

x 

ol olme 

meobi me bi biTis bi Tis mo morfo mo 

rfo rfolo 

logi 

giuri gi ri ka kate ka 

te tego 

gori 

riis ri is ga gaqro ga 

qro qrobaa 

baa. 

baa 

193

194 


6666....3333. . . . uGlebis uGlebis uGlebis uGlebis nimuSi nimuSi nimuSi nimuSi Zveli Zveli Zveli Zveli qarTuli qarTuli qarTuli qarTuli enisaTvvvvis enisaT enisaT enisaT is is is 

1. awmKo 

awmKo 

da-v-s-wer da-v-s-wer-T 

da-s-wer da-s-wer-T 

da-s-wer-s da-s-wer-en 

SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna I seriis mwkrivebSi, rogorc cnobilia, paraleluri 

_ zmniswiniani da uzmniswino variantebi 

gvaqvs. nimuSisaTvis zmniswinian variants movixmobT 

_ aq ukeT warmoCndeba Taviseburebani. 

2. uwKveteli 

uwKveteli 

da-v-s-wer-d-(i) da-v-s-wer-d-i-T 

da-s-wer-d-(i) da-s-wer-d-i-T 

da-s-wer-d-a da-s-wer-d-es 

3. I I I xolmeobiTi 

xolmeobiTi 

da-v-s-wer-d-i da-v-s-wer-d-i-T 

da-s-wer-d-i da-s-wer-d-i-T 

da-s-wer-d-i-s da-s-wer-d-i-an 

4. I I I kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

da-v-s-wer-d-e da-v-s-wer-d-e-T 

da-s-wer-d-e da-s-wer-d-e-T 

da-s-wer-d-e-s da-s-wer-d-e-n 

5. wKvetili 

wKvetili 

II II seria 

seria 

da-v-wer-e da-v-wer-e-T 

da-s-wer-e da-s-wer-e-T 

da-wer-a da-wer-es


6. II II xolmeobiTi 

xolmeobiTi 

da-v-wer-i da-v-wer-i-T 

da-s-wer-i da-s-wer-i-T 

da-wer-i-s da-wer-i-an 

7. II II kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

da-v-wer-o da-v-wer-o-T 

da-s-wer-o da-s-wer-o-T 

da-wer-o-s da-wer-o-n 

8. Sereuli Sereuli xxolme 

x xolme 

olmeobiTi 

olme biTi (kavSirebiTi) 

da-v-wer-od-i da-v-wer-od-i-T 

da-s-wer-od-i da-s-wer-od-i-T 

da-wer-od-i-s da-wer-od-i-an 

9 I I I TTurmeobiTi 

T rmeobiTi 

III III seria 

seria 

a) obieqturi wKobiT 

. da-m-i-wer-i-e-s da-m-i-wer-i-e-s (da-gu-i-wer-i-e-s) 

da-g-i-wer-i-e-s da-g-i-wer-i-e-s 

da-u-wer-i-e-s da-u-wer-i-e-s 

b) subieqturi wKobT 

da-u-wer-i-e da-u-wer-i-e-T 

da-u-wer-i-e da-u-wer-i-e-T 

da-u-wer-i-e-s da-u-wer-i-an 

10. II II Turme TurmeobiTi 

Turme biTi 

da-m-e-wer-a da-m-e-wer-a (da-gu-e-wer-a) 

da-g-e-wer-a da-g-e-wer-a 

da-e-wer-a da-e-wer-a 

195

196 


11. III III xolme xolmeobiTi 

xolme xolme biTi biTi 

da-m-e-wer-i-s da-m-e-wer-i-s (da-gu-e-wer-i-s) 

da-g-e-wer-i-s da-g-e-wer-i-s 

da-e-wer-i-s da-e-wer-i-s 

12. III III kavSirebTi 

kavSirebTi 

da-m-e-wer-o-s da-m-e-wer-o-s (da-gu-e-wer-o-s) 

da-g-e-wer-o-s da-g-e-wer-o-s 

da-e-wer-o-s da-e-wer-o-s 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna nimuSisaTvis mxolod I TurmeobiTSi warmovadgineT 

subieqturi da obieqturi wKobis magaliTebi. 

sxvadasxva tipis zmnaTa warmoebis Taviseburebebze 

II nawilSi visaubrebT. 

$ $ 7. . . dro dro-kiloTa dro kiloTa kiloTa sistema sistema qarTuli qarTuli enis enis dialeqtebSi 

7777....1111. . . . zo zoga zo zoga 

gadi gadi 

di di viTa vi vi viTa 

Tare Tare 

reba reba 

ba ba 

mwkrivTa raodenobis mixedviT qarTuli enis dialeqtebi 

araerTgvarovan viTarebas gviCvenebs. 

is rva mwkrivi, romelic axal qarTulSi gvaqvs, dasturdeba 

qarTuli enis TiTqmis Kvela dialeqtSi. vambobT TiTqmiso, 

imitom, rom Taviseburi viTarebaa mesame kavSirebiTTan dakavSirebiT. 

cnobilia, rom mesame kavSirebiTi axal qarTulSi Kvelaze 

naklebad xmarebuli mwkrivia; mis nacvlad meore TurmeobiTi 

gamoiKeneba (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 223; S. ZiZiguri, 1970, gv. 250; 

a. papiZe, 1979, gv. 54). miuTiTeben, rom mesame kavSirebiTis xmareba 

dialeqtebSi iseve SezGudulia, rogorc saliteraturo 

qarTulSi (a. yinyarauli, 1960, gv. 144; k. kublaSvili, 1985, gv. 

167 da sxva). aqac, iseve rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi, mas 

meore TurmeobiTi cvlis. gamonakliss rayuli dialeqti qmnis, 

sadac kargad Semogvenaxa III kavSirebiTi. ufro metic, igi xSirad 

cvlis II TurmeobiTs. es erT-erTi specifikuri niSania rayuli


dialeqtisa (S. ZiZiguri, 1970, gv. 194...). amgvarive movlenaze miuTiTeben 

ingiloursa da atenis xeobis qarTlurSic (g. imnaiSvili, 

1952, gv. 329). miuxedavad imisa, rogoria III kavSirebiTisa 

Tu II TurmeobiTis gamoKenebis sixSire ama Tu im kiloSi, faqtia, 

rom orive mwkrivi dasturdeba qarTul dialeqtebSi. 

ase rom, dro-kiloTa sistemis gamartiveba ar xdeba dialeqtebSi; 

garTuleba _ ki. 


loTa loTa 


tema tema 

ma ma aGmosav aGmo aGmo aGmosav 

savlur savlur 

lur lur dial di di dial 

aleeeeqteb al qtebSi qteb qtebSi 

Si Si 

dro-kiloTa sistemis Sedgenilobis TvalsazrisiT qarTuli 

enis dialeqtebi ramdenime Jgufad SeiZleba daiKos: 

1. dialeqtebi, romlebic mwkrivTa raodenobis TvalsazrisiT 

axali qarTulisagan ar gansxvavdebian _ dro-kiloTa sistemaSi 

rva erTeulia warmodgenili. dialeqtTa am Jgufs miekuTvneba: 

ayaruli, mesxuri, Javaxuri, imerxeuli da ingilouri. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna 1. am niSnis mixedviT ingilouri dialeqti samxrul-dasavlur 

dialeqtTa gverdiT aGmoCnda. 

sxvaobas aGmosavluri dialeqtebidan, kerZod, kaxurisagan 

(romelTanac ingilours mravali Sexvedris 

wertili aqvs), xolmeobiTis mwkrivebis 

qona-arqona qmnis... Tumca, xolmeobiTis kategoriis 

gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT, ingilouri am 

Jgufisagan mainc gancalkevebiT dgas: Ke (ºK) nawilakiani 

formebis xolmeobiTis gamoxatva ni- 

Sandoblivia am dialeqtisaTvis (ix. g. imnaiSvili, 

1966, gv. 121), rac ucxoa am Jgufis sxva kiloebisaTvis. 

2. m o t a n i T , S a n a x i T , g a g i , d a n a - 

x i... tipis formebi, wKvetilis mniSvnelobiT 

rom gvxvdeba ingilourSi, ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos 

istoriuli xolmeobiTis formebad (Sdr. g. 

imnaiSvili, 1966, gv. 121), igi unificirebuli 

wKvetilis formebia, analogias es movlena xevsurulSi 

ipovis. 

3. TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qarTuli 

metKvelebis dialeqturi daKofis Sesaxeb araa 

197

198 


azrTa erTgvaroba. sxvadasxva mkvlevari sxvadasxva 

dialeqts gamoKofs. S. futkaraZis azriT, 

oTxi dialeqti unda gamoiKos: 

1. imerxeuli 

2. livanuri 

3. mayaxluri 

4. taos qarTuli (S. futkaraZe, 1995, gv. 2). 

m. faGavas azriT, sami dialeqti unda gamoiKos: 

1. SavSuri (kiloebiTurT mayaxluri da 

imerxeuli). 

2. klarJuli (igive livanuri) 

3. taouri (m. faGava, 2004, gv. 809). 

Cveni azriT, am etapze ar aris sakmarisi masala 

imis samtkiceblad, Tu ramdeni dialeqtia samxreT 

saqarTveloSi. m. faGavas msJeloba samxruli 

dialeqtebis fonematuri struqturis analizs 

emKareba, S. futkaraZisa _ calkeul nairsaxeobaTa 

lingvistur analizs; Tumca ra viTareba 

aris zmnis uGlebis TvalsazrisiT, am ki- 

Txvaze pasuxis gacema yirs... amitomac Cven JerJerobiT 

tradiciul Tvalsazrisze vrCebiT da samxrul 

metKvelebas imerxeuli (klarJuli) dialeqtiT 

warmovadgenT. 

2. gancalkevebiT dgas xevsuruli dialeqti. xolmeobiTis 

morfologiuri kategoria am dialeqtSi Kvelaze ukeT da srulad 

Semogvenaxa: dasturdeba samive xolmeobiTi: 

I xolmeobiTi (uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi) _ (ga)-akeTeb-d-i-s 

II xolmeobiTi _ (ga)-akeT-i-s 

III xolmeobiTi _ (ga)-ekeT-i-s 

(al. yinyarauli, 1960; a. arabuli, 1978). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna Zveli qarTulis identuri viTareba I da II xolmeobiTis 

warmoebaSi mxolod III piris formebTan 

gvaqvs. I-II subieqturi piris formebSi -id id savrcobi 

iCens Tavs:


I xolmeobiTi _ vakeTebd-id id id-˜ id vakeTebd-id id id-iT id 

akeTebd-id id id-˜ id akeTebd-id id id-i-T id 

akeTebd-i-s akeTebd-i-an 

II xolmeobiTi _ vakeT-id id id-˜ id vakeT-id id id-i-T id 

akeT-id-˜ akeT-id id id-i-T id 

akeT-i-s akeT-i-an 

III III xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi biTis bi Tis mwkrivis Semonaxvaa is faqtori, romelic 

xevsuruls gancalkevebiT warmogvidgens. 

3. erTnair viTarebas gviCvenebs fSauri, mTiulur-gudamaKruli 

da moxeuri (g. cocaniZe, 1978; i. qavTaraZe, 1985; 1961). 

am dialeqtebSi Semonaxulia I da II xolmeobiTis mwkrivebi. 

mwkrivTa warmoebis TvalsazrisiT mTiulur-gudamaKruli da moxeuri 

Zveli qarTulis viTarebas asaxavs: 

I xolmeobiTi 

II xolmeobiTi 

_ 

_ 

vakeTebd-i 

akeTebd-i 

akeTebd-i-s 

vakeT-i 

akeT-i 

akeT-i-s 

vakeTebd-i-T 

akeTebd-i-T 

akeTebd-i-an 

vakeT-i-T 

akeT-i-T 

akeT-i-an 

fSaurSi am mwkrivTa warmoebis principi xevsurulis magvaria. 

sxvaobas is qmnis, rom xevsurulSi gamoKenebuli -id id id sufiqsis 

nacvlad fSaurSi -od od od sufiqsi ixmareba: 

I xolmeobiTi _ vakeTebd-od od od-i od vakeTebd-od od od-i-T od 

akeTebd-od od od-i od akeTebd-od od od-i-T od 

akeTebd-i-s akeTebd-i-an 

II xolmeobiTi _ vakeT-od od od-i od vakeT-od od od-i-T od 

akeT-od od od-i od akeT-od od od-i-T od 

akeT-i-s akeT-i-an 

is, rac am dialeqtebs sxvebisagan gamoarCevs, TxovniT-brZanebi- 

Tia (TxovniT-waqezebiTi), II seriis mwkrivi: 

vakeT-od-e 

akeT-od-e 

akeT-od-e-s 

vakeT-od-e-T 

akeT-od-e-T 

akeT-od-e-n 

199

200 


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : 1. gansxvavebulia am mwkrivTa xmarebis sixSire 

aGniSnul dialeqtebSi: Tu fSaurSi maTi 

gamoKeneba Cveulebrivi faqtia, moxeursa da 

mTiulur-gudmaKrulSi SedarebiT iSviaTia. 

2. moxeurSi aris tendencia xolmeobiTobis organuli 

warmoebis nawilakiani warmoebiT Secvlisa, 

`xolmeobiTis gamoKenebis sayiroeba darCa, 

magram gamoxatvis forma Seicvala... far- 

Tod gavrcelda -ke ke nawilakis gamoKeneba `xolmes~ 

funqciiT~ (i. qavTaraZe, 1985, gv. 57). saintereso 

suraTia: gverdigverd dasturdeba sami 

varianti _ arqauli, gardamavali da axali: 

I xolmeobiTi _ akeTebdis, akeTebdis-ke, akeTebda-ke; 

II xolmeobiTi _ akeTis, akeTis-ke, akeTa-ke. 

4. erTgvarovania viTareba TuSurSi, kaxurSi, qarTlursa 

da fereidnul dialeqtebSi (T. uTurgaiZe, 1960; g. cocaniZe, 

1970; a. martirosovi, g. imnaiSvili, 1956; g. imnaiSvili, 1953; 

ar. Ciqobava, 1927; b. JorbenaZe, 1989...). am dialeqtebSi saliteraturo 

qarTulisagan gansxvavebuli ori mwkrivi dasturdeba: I 

da II xolmeobiTebi. warmoebis principiTa da saSualebebiT Tu- 

Suri xolmeobiTebi xevsurulis identuria; qarTluri, kaxuri 

da fereidnuli xolmeobiTebi Zveli qarTuliseburia. 

am dialeqtebis xevsurulisagan III xolmeobiTis arqona ganasxvavebs; 

fSauris, moxeurisa da mTiulur-gudamaKrulisagan _ 

TxovniT-waqezebiTi mwkrivis arqona. 


loTa loTa 


tema tema 

ma ma dasav da da dasav 

savlur savlur 

lur lur diaaaaleq di di di leqteb leq leqtebSi 

teb tebSi 

Si Si 

specifikur viTarebas qmnis qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtTa 

erTi Jgufi _ imeruli, leCxumuri, rayuli da guruli. 

dialeqtTa am JgufSi gamoiKo IV seria sami mwkriviT: TurmeobiTi 

III (minavala, nawera), TurmeobiTi IV (minavaliKo, naweriKo) 

da kavSirebiTi IV (minavaliKos, naweriKos) (g. rogava, 1953). am tipis 

warmoeba megrulis gavleniT ixsneba (arn. Ciqobava, 1936, gv. 

146). `qarTuli enis dasavlur kiloebs Soris qvemoimeruli erTa-


derTia, romelSic awmKos Jgufis TurmeobiTis mwkrivebi (e. i. IV 

seriis mwkrvebi _ g. g.) Kvelaze ufro mwKobr sistemas qmnis~ (k. 

kublaSvili, 1985, gv. 170). rogorc iTqva, IV seriis mwkrivebi dasturdeba 

agreTve leCxumurSi, rayulsa da gurulSi (g. rogava, 

1953; v. Tofuria, 1954; b. JorbenaZe, 1989). am tipis formebi gamovlenilia 

zemoimerulSic (q. ZoweniZe, 1973). qvemoimerulis magaliTze 

warmovadgenT IV seriis mwkrivTa paradigmebs: 

III TurmeobiTi: 

IV TurmeobiTi: 

IV kavSirebiTi: 

v-nakeTeb-var 

nakeTeb-xar 

nakeTeb-a 

v-nakeTeb-iKavi 

nakeTeb-iKavi 

nakeTeb-iKo 

v-nakeTeb-iKo 

nakeTeb-iKo 

nakeTeb-iKos 

v-nakeTeb-varT 

nakeTeb-xarT 

nakeTeblarien 

v-nakeTeb-iKaviT 

nakeTeb-iKaviT 

nakeTeb-iKven 

v-nakeTeb-iKoT 

nakeTeb-iKoT 

nakeTeb-iKon 

miuTiTeben, rom kavSirebiTi IV-is `nakvTi (SesaZlebeli 

forma) iseve iSviaTia, rogorc kavSirebiTi mesamis forma~ 

(g. rogava, 1953, gv. 23). imasac aGniSnaven, rom `qarTulis kiloebSi 

meoTxe Jgufis mwkrivebi Cveulebriv mesame piris formiT 

gvxvdeba: nawera, minavala, minavaliKo, nazogava, ganareba da sxv... 

pirveli da meore piris formebSi igi iSviaTad gvxvdeba... piris 

prefiqsebi ixmareba umTavresad na na- na mimGeobis afiqsis win: v-nake- 

Tebvar, v-nawervar, m-naKvareba da sxv... zogan ki na na- na prefiqssa da 

zmnis fuZes Sorisaa moTavsebuli piris niSani... Sena-gv-Zleba~ 

(g. rogava, 1953, gv. 29). 

7777....4444. . . . tenden ten ten tendenci 

den denci 

cieeeebi ci bi bi bi 

rogorc vxedavT, saliteraturo qarTulisaTvis niSandoblivi 

mwkrivTa sistema aris is, rac aerTianebs dialeqtebSi dadasturebul 

sistemebs. sxvaobas saliteraturo qarTulTan mimarTebiT 

avlens 12 dialeqti, Tanxvedra gvaqvs xuT SemTxvevaSi 

(ingilour, mesxur, Javaxur, ayarul da imerxeul dialeqtebSi). 

dialeqtebi, romlebic sxvaoben saliteraturo qarTulTan Seda- 

201

202 


rebiT, zogadad or Jgufad SeiZleba daiKos: `romlebSic arqauli 

viTarebaa daculi (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs xolmeobiTebis mwkrivebi): 

xevsuruli, fSauri, mTiulur-gudamaKruli, moxeuri, Tu- 

Suri, qarTluri, kaxuri, fereidnuli; 2. dialeqtebi, romelTa 

uGlebis sistemas saliteraturo qarTulisagan axalwarmonaqmni 

mwkrivebi ganasxvavebs (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs IV seriis mwkrivebi): 

imeruli, leCxumuri, rayuli, guruli. aris garkveuli kanonzomierebac: 

pirvel JgufSi Sedis aGmosavluri dialeqtebi (da fereidnuli, 

romelic, faqtobriv, kaxuri dialeqtis ganaKaria), 

xolo meore JgufSi _ dasavluri dialeqtebi. 

pirveli Jgufis dialeqtebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia sistemis 

gamartivebis _ saliteraturo qarTulTan daaxloebis _ tendencia. 

xolmeobiTis morfologiuri kategoria iSleba. baris 

dialeqtebma _ kaxurma da qarTlurma _ nawilobriv SeinarCunes 

I da II xolmeobiTis formebi (mxolod calkeul regionebSi); mTis 

dialeqtTagan moxeurSi miiGo am tendenciam gamokveTili saxe: 

organuli warmoebis formebs cvlis aGweriTi warmoeba. Kvelaze 

srulad da mKarad xolmeobiTis mwkrivebi xevsurulSia daculi; 

Semdgom TuSursa da fSaurSi. aqac TiTqos naTlad Cans gza 

sistemis gamartivebisa xevsurulidan qarTlur-kaxuramde... saer- 

To Cans TiTqos moxeurSi amjamad mimdinare procesic xolmeobi- 

Tis organuli warmoebis aGweriTi warmoebiT Secvlisa... 

meore Jgufis dialeqtebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia sistemis 

garTulebis _ saliteraturo qarTulisagan gansxvavebis _ tendencia. 

qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriis gaTvaliswineba 

gvavaraudebinebs, rom xolmeobiTis morfologiuri kategoria am 

dialeqtebisaTvis unda KofiliKo damaxasiaTebeli. amjamad dasavlur 

dialeqtebSi amis kvalic ara Cans. Zveli qarTulis rTuli 

sistema xolmeobiTis dakargvis xarJze gamartivda da aqve iCina 

Tavi sxva TvalsazrisiT sistemis garTulebis tendenciam: Camo- 

Kalibda IV seria... 

Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis, axali qarTuli saliteraturo 

enisa da Tanamedrove qarTuli dialeqtebis dro-kiloTa 

sistemis viTarebis gaTvaliswineba erTian procesad warmogvadgeninebs 

dro-kiloTa sistemaSi mimdinare procesebs. qar- 

Tuli enis dialeqtebma Semogvinaxes am xangrZlivi da saintereso 

procesis Kvela etapi Zveli qarTulis dro-kiloTa sistemi-


dan dasavluri dialeqtebis sistemamde. 

Kovelive es metad rTul da saintereso viTarebas qmnis. 

sakvlevi da asaxsneli am procesSi bevri ramaa. amJerad Cven mxolod 

aGweriT vkmaKofildebiT. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : rogorc aGvniSneT, dialeqtologiuri xasiaTis 

gamokvlevebSi araa saubari imis Taobaze, unda 

gamoiKos Tu ara mKofadis wre ama Tu im dialeqtebSi. 

ake akeTebs ake 

Tebs _ ga gaake ga 

ke keTebs ke Tebs formaTa Soris 

ramdenadac drouli sxvaoba Kvela dialeqtSia 

da am sakiTxze raime SeniSvna ar keTdeba, ivaraudeba, 

rom gaziarebulia Tvalsazrisi mKofadis 

wris gamoKofis Taobaze. es, erTi mxriv, terminologiis 

sakiTxis gadasinJvas moiTxovda dialeqtebSi, 

romlebSic I xolmeobiTis mwkrivia 

damowmebuli: mKofadis wris xolmeobiTi (gaake- 

Tebda) da iqve I xolmeobiTi (akeTebdis) terminologiur 

Seusabamobas Seqmnida... meore mxriv, 

zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa dapirispirebis 

safuZvelze mwkrivTa gamoKofis sakiTxi 

pirveli xolmeobiTis zmniswinian formaTa damoukidebel 

sauGlebel erTeulad gamoKofis 

sakiTxsac dasvamda: ake akeTeb ake 

Teb Tebdis Teb dis _ ga gaake ga ke keTeb keTeb 

Tebdis 

dis. dis 

tradiciul Tvalsazrisze dgoma msJelobas moi- 

Txovs: Tu ake akeTeb ake 

Teb Tebda Teb da _ ga gaake ga ke keTe keTe 

Tebda Te da sxvadasxva 

mwkrivia, ratom ar dgeba aseve sakiTxi ake akeTeb ake Teb- 

dis dis _ gaake ke keTeb 

Tebdis Teb dis formaTa mimarT. 

vimeorebT, is, rom ar dgas sakiTxi ake akeTeb ake 

Teb Tebdis Teb dis _ _ 

_ 

ga gaake ga 

ke keTe 

Tebdis Te dis formaTa sxvadasxva sauGlebel er- 

Teulad miCnevisa, mxars uyers Cvens Tvalsazriss 

imis Taobaze, rom ake akeTeb ake 

Teb Tebda Teb da _ ga gaake ga 

ke keTeb 

Tebda Teb da 

erTi da imave mwkrivis formebia (am sakiTxs ganvixilavdiT 

me-5 paragrafSi: 5.5). 


bis bis nimu ni ni nimu 

muSe muSe 

Sebi Sebi 

bi bi qarTu qar qar qarTu 

Tuli Tuli 

li li enis enis enis enis diaaaaleq di di di leqteb leq leqtebSi 

teb tebSi 

Si Si 

warmovadgenT or dialeqtSi _ xevsurulsa (Seadgina a. arabulma) 

da imerulSi zmnis uGlebis nimuSs: 

203

204 


xevsuruli dialeqti 

I seria _ 1. awmKo: (ma)v(s)Tib 

(ma)sTib 

(mas)Tibs 

2. uwKveteli: (ma)v(s)Tibd˜ 

(ma)sTibd˜ 

(mas)Tibd{a} 

3. I kavSirebiTi: (ma)v(s)Tibd{a} 

(ma)sTibd{a} 

(mas)Tibdas 

4. I xolmeobiTi: (ma)v(s)Tibdid˜ 

(ma)sTibdid˜ 

(mas) Tibdis 

II seria _ 5. wKvetili: (ma)vTib˜ 

(ma)sTib˜ 

(ma)Tib{a} 

6. II kavSirebiTi: (ma)vTib{a} 

(ma)sTib{a} 

(ma)Tibas 

7. II xolmeobiTi: (ma)vTibid˜ 

(ma)sTibid˜ 

(ma)Tibis 

III seria _ 8. I TurmeobiTi: (ma)miTibav(is) 

(ma)giTibav(is) 

(ma)uTibav(is) 

9. II TurmeobiTi: (ma)meTib 

(ma)geTib 

(me)eTib 

10. III kavSirebiTi: (ma)meTibas 

(ma)geTibas 

(me)eTibas 

11. III xolmeobiTi: (ma)meTibis 

(ma)geTibis 

(me)eTibis 

(ma)v(s)TibT 

(ma)sTibT 

(mas)Tiben 

(ma)v(s)TibdiT 

(ma)sTibdiT 

(mas)Tibdes 

(ma)v(s)TibdaT 

(ma)sTibdaT 

(mas)Tibdan 

(ma)v(s)TibdidiT 

(ma)sTibdidiT 

(mas) Tibdian 

(ma)vTibeT 

(ma)sTibeT 

(ma)Tibes 

(ma)vTibaT 

(ma)sTibaT 

(ma)Tiban 

(ma)vTibidiT 

(ma)sTibidiT 

(ma)Tibian 

(ma)gviTibav(is) 

(ma)giTibav(is) 

(ma)uTibav(is) 

(ma)gveTib 

(ma)geTibaT 

(me)eTibaT 

(ma)gveTibas 

(ma)geTibasT 

(me)eTibas 

(ma)gveTibis 

(ma)geTibisT 

(me)eTibis


qvemoimeruli dialeqti 

I seria _ 1. awmKo: (ge)vikeTeb 

(ge)ikeTeb 

(ge)ikeTebs 

2. uwKveteli: (ge)vikeTebdi 

(ge)ikeTebdi 

(ge)ikeTebda 

3. I kavSirebiTi: (ge)vikeTebde 

(ge)ikeTebde 

(ge)ikeTebdes 

II seria _ 4. wKvetili: (ge)vikeTe 

(ge)ikeTe 

(ge)ikeTa 

5. II kavSirebiTi: (ge)vikeTo 

(ge)ikeTo 

(ge)ikeTos 

III seria _ 6. I TurmeobiTi: (ga)mikeTebia 

(ga)gikeTebia 

(go)ukeTebia 

7. II TurmeobiTi: (ge)mekeTebia 

(ge)gekeTebia 

(ge)ekeTebia 

8. III kavSirebiTi: (ge)mekeTebios 

(ge)gekeTebios 

(ge)ekeTebios 

IV sera _ 9. III TurmeobiTi: (ga)vnakeTebvar 

(ga)nakeTebxar 

(ga)nakeTeba 

10. IV TurmeobiTi: (ga)vnakeTebiKavi 

(ga)nakeTebiKavi 

(ga)nakeTebiKo 

11. IV kavSirebiTi: (ga)vnakeTebiKo 

(ga)nakeTebiKo 

(ga)nakeTebiKos 

(ge)vikeTebT 

(ge)ikeTebT 

(ge)ikeTeben 

(ge)vikeTebdiT 

(ge)ikeTebdiT 

(ge)ikeTebden 

(ge)vikeTebdeT 

(ge)ikeTebdeT 

(ge)ikeTebden 

(ge)vikeTeT 

(ge)ikeTeT 

(ge)ikeTen 

(ge)vikeToT 

(ge)ikeToT 

(ge)ikeTon 

205 

(ga)gvikeTebia 

(ga)gikeTebiaT 

(go)ukeTebiaT 

(ge)gvekeTebia 

(ge)gekeTebiaT 

(ge)ekeTebiaT 

(ge)gvekeTebios 

(ge)gekeTebioT 

(ge)ekeTebioT 

(ga)vnakeTebvarT 

(ga)nakeTebxarT 

(ga)nakeTeban 

(ga)vnakeTebiKaviT 

(ga)nakeTebiKaviT 

(ga)nakeTebiKon 

(ga)vnakeTebiKoT 

(ga)nakeTebiKoT 

(ga)nakeTebiKon

206 


$ $ 8. . mwkriv mwkrivTa mwkriv Ta da daJgu da daJgu 

Jgufe 

febis 

bisa bis da da Ta Tana Ta Tana 

namimdev na dev devro 

robis ro bis 

sa saki sa 

ki kiTxi kiTxi 

Txisa 

saTvis 

Tvis 

iTqva, rom mwkrivebi sawarmoebeli fuZis mixedviTaa daJgufebuli. 

es principi `n. marma danerga samecniero gramatikaSi da 

es misi uTuo damsaxureba aris~ (arn. Ciqobava). isic aGiniSna, 

rom sawarmoebeli fuZis principis mixedviT Tu pirveli da meore 

seriis gamoKofa davas ar iwvevs, amas ver vitKviT mesame seriis 

mimarT. `TurmeobiTis Jgufs ar moepoveba saerTo fuZe, 

amosavlad rom gvqondes warmoebisas, amiT gansxvavdeba TurmeobiTis 

Jgufi awmKos da namKo ZiriTadis (n. mariT: aoristis) 

Jgufisagan: awmKos Jgufi awmKos fuZezea damKarebuli, namKo ZiriTadisa 

_ namKo ZiriTadis fuZeze. Tu mesame Jgufi (TurmeobiTis 

Jgufi) mainc gaerTianda, es imitom, rom am JgufSi Semavali 

droebi èrTi da imave wesiT iwarmoeba. marTlac, am JgufSi 

inversiuli wKoba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac awmKosa da namKo ZiriTadis 

JgufebSi wKoba pirdapiria...~ pirvel da meore JgufSi `warmoebaa 

amosavali, mesame Jgufi sxva princips daemKara~ (arn. Ciqobava, 

1962, gv. 93). 

is, rac mesame Jgufis Taobaze iTqva, zustia da gamarTlebuli 

Zveli saliteraturo qarTulisaTvis. mesame Jgufis 

mwkrivTa warmoebaSi arsebiTi xasiaTis cvlilebebi ganxorcielda 

da, Cveni azriT, am cvlilebebma saintereso saxe miiGo. amis 

Taobaze mesame seriis mwkrivTa warmoebisas visaubrebT. Tumca 

mesame seria axal qarTulSic ZiriTadad ar eTanxmeba mwkrivTa 

daJgufebis im princips, romelic I da II seriaSi gatarda. rogorc 

iTqva, I da II seriaSi mkacrad gatarebuli sauGlebeli fu- 

Zis principi III seriaSi sxva saxes iGebs. dairGva klasifikaciis 

erTiani principi. 

klasifikaciis erTiani principis gatarebis cdam mwkrivTa or 

Jgufad dalagebis sakiTxi dasva (arn. Ciqobava). Tumca, SeiZleba 

iTqvas, rom es cda warumatebeli aGmoCnda (amis Taobaze zemoTac 

iTqva). roca am sakiTxze vsaubrobdiT, kiTxva davsviT: aris ki SesaZlebeli 

saklasifikacio niSnad sawarmoebeli fuZis principis 

bolomde gatareba, e. i. mwkrivTa or seriad daJgufeba? ukve, roca 

gamoikveTa Cveni Tvalsazrisi mwkrivis raobisa da mwkrivTa raodenobis 

Sesaxeb, vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia am sakiTxze msJelobac.


sawarmoebeli fuZis principi gulisxmobs imis garkvevas, 

warmoebis TvalsazrsiT rogor miemarTeba erTi romelime mwkrivis 

saKrdeni fuZe meores. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna 1. rogorc SesavalSi aGvniSneT, mwkrivis saKrden 

fuZes vuwodebT im nawils zmnuri formisas, romelsac 

daerTvis mwkrivis mawarmoeblebi. 

2. mwkrivis mawarmoeblad ganixileba is elementi 

zmnuri formisa, romelic gvxvdeba ama Tu im 

mwkrivis formaSi da ar gadahKveba sxva mwkrivSi. 

Sesabamisad: va vake va vake 

keTebd 

Tebd-e Tebd formaSi -e mwkrivis mawarmoebeli 

iqneba (Sdr.: vakeTebd-i) v-a-ke ke keTeb ke Teb 

tipis formebSi miviCnevT, rom nulovani warmoebaa 

mwkrivisa. mwkrivis saKrdeni fuZe da mwkrivis 

fuZe am SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs emTxveva. 

gavixsenoT: fuZeTa Senebis or princips gamoKofen _ xa xazo xa zo- 

va vani va ni prin princi prin 

ci cipi ci pi da Ca Canac Ca 

nac nacvle 

vlebis vle bis prin princi prin 

ci cipi 

pi. pi mwkrivTa warmoebaSi xazovani 

principis magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos awmKo-mKofadisa 

da uwKvetel-xolmeobiTis mimarTeba: ake akeTeb ake 

Teb → ake akeTeb ake akeTeb 

Teb-d. Teb e. i. 

xazovania mimarTeba, roca erTi fuZe srulad meordeba meoreSi. 

Canacvlebis principiT miemarTeba erTmaneTs fuZeebi, Tu maT saerTo 

saKrdeni fuZe aqvT: 

akeT keT keT-e keT e / akeT akeT-o akeT (b. JorbenaZe, 1980(2), gv. 129). 

fuZeTa warmoebis am ori principis safuZvelze aris faqtobriv 

daJgufebuli I da II seriebSi mwkrivebi. Tavad seriebs 

saerTo fuZe moepovebaT (igive Te Tema Te Tema 

ma). ma sworia msJeloba, rom 

àwmKos Jgufi awmKos fuZezea damKarebuli, namKo ZiriTadisa _ 

namKo ZiriTadis fuZeze~, magram zogi ram mainc dazustebas moi- 

Txovs: kerZod, rogorc iTqva, unda gairCes mwkrivis fuZe da 

mwkrivis saKrdeni fuZe. awmKo-mKofadis fuZe vnebiTi gvaris 

zmnebSi -i elementian formebs varaudobs: v-Tbeb Tbeb Tbeb-i, Tbeb , v-be be berdeb be deb deb-i, deb , 

v-iz iz izrdeb 

rdeb-i... rdeb mwkrivis fuZis kuTvnileba -i elementi mwkrivis mawarmoeblad 

gaiazreba imitom, rom I seriis sxva mwkrivebSi igi 

ar gadahKveba. 

207

208 


v-Tb-eb-i v-izrdeb-i 

v-Tb-eb-od-i v-izrdeb-od-i 

v-Tb-eb-od-e v-izrdeb-od-e 

I seriis meore da mesame mwkrivSi figurirebs awmKo-mKofadis 

saKrdeni fuZe _ Tb Tb-eb Tb eb eb. eb awmKo-mKofadis mwkrivis fuZe ki 

aris Tb Tb-eb Tb eb eb-i. eb ase rom, roca mwkrivTa fuZeebis urTierTmimarTebis 

sakiTxs vsvamT, unda daisvas mwkrivis saKrden fuZeTa urTierTmimarTebis 

sakiTxi da ara mwkrivis fuZeTa mimarTebis saki- 

Txi. 

* 

* * 

I seriaSi uwKvetel-xolmeobiTisa da I kavSirebiTis saKrden 

fuZeTa Soris sxvaoba ar aris. es ori mwkrivi erTsa da imave 

saKrden fuZes gamoiKenebs. sxvaobas maT Soris mwkrivis mawarmoeblebi 

qmnis. anu am or mwkrivs saerTo aqvT mwkrivis saKrdeni 

fuZe; gansxvavebuli _ mwkrivis fuZe. saKrdeni fuZe iqneba ake ake- ake 

Teb Teb-d; Teb mwkrivTa fuZeebi a-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-d-i, eb , , a-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-d-e. eb amgvarad, mimarTeba 

awmKo-mKofadisa uwKvetel-xolmeobiTTan da I kavSirebiTTan 

xazovan principzea damKarebuli, xolo wKvetils, xolmeobiTsa 

da I kavSirebiTs Soris _ Canacvlebis principze: 

awmK.-mKof. _ akeT-eb → akeT-eb-d 

akeT-eb-d-i _ uwKv.-xolm. 

akeT-eb-d-e _ I kavS. 

aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba visaubroT àwmKosagan nawarmoeb 

namKo usrulze~, magram ar SeiZleba visaubroT `namKo usrulisagan 

nawarmoeb kavSirebiT pirvelze~ (Sdr.: arn. Ciqobava, 

1950, gv. 062). 

anu: I kavSirebiTic iseve iwarmoeba awmKosagan, rogorc 

uwKvetel-xolmeobiTi: 

awmK.-mKof. _ akeT-eb 

akeT-eb-d-i _ uwKvetel-xolm. 

akeT-eb-d-e _ I kavSirebiTi


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : uwKvetel-xolmeobiTis i elementis istoriis ga- 

Tvaliswineba sakiTxs sxvagvarad ar dagvasmevinebs. 

-i-s gareSe axal qarTulSi am mwkrivis forma ar 

gvxvdeba, amitomacaa, rom igi mwkrivis mawarmoeblad 

kvalificirdeba (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 424). am 

mwkrivTa (uwKvetlisa da I kavSirebiTis) mimarTebis 

sakiTxi aseve daismis Zvel qarTulSic. Tu -d 

formantian zmnebSi iqmneba STabeydileba, rom 

ake akeTebd ake 

Tebd da ake akeTeb ake 

Teb Tebde Teb de formebi erTmaneTs xazovani 

principiT miemarTebian, sxvagvaria viTareba 

-od od formantian zmnebTan: aq mimarTeba Canacvlebis 

princips emKareba: 

uwKveteli _ tir tir-od tir od od-e od 

I kavSirebiTi _ tir tir-od tir od od-i od 

209 

es faqti -d sufiqsian formebSi nulovani warmoebis 

sakiTxs dagvasmevinebs: 

uwKveteli _ a-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-d-0/ eb i 

I kavSirebiTi _ a-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-d-e eb 

am SemTxvevaSic Canacvlebis principze unda visaubroT. 

II seriis mwkrivebi _ wKvetili da II kavSirebiTi 

_ erTmaneTs Canacvlebis principiT miemarTebian. 

saKrdeni fuZe saerToa: 

wKveteli _ a-keT keT keT-e keT 

II kavSirebiTi _ a-keT keT keT-o keT 

amgvarad, I da II seriaSi sami saKrdeni fuZe gamoiKo: akeT akeT 

akeT 

_ akeT akeT-eb akeT eb _ akeT akeT-eb akeT eb eb-d, eb romlebic erTmaneTs xazovani principiT 

miemarTeba. pirveli maTgani saKrdenia meore seriis mwkrivebisaTvis: 

akeT 

akeT 

akeT akeT-e akeT akeT _ wKvetili 

akeT akeT-o akeT _ II kavSirebiTi

210 


II saKrdeni fuZisagan awmKos mwkrivis fuZe iwarmoeba: 

akeT akeT-eb akeT eb _ akeT akeT-eb akeT eb eb-0 eb 

III saKrdeni fuZisagan _ uwKvetel-xolmeobiTi da I kavSirebiTi. 

akeT akeT-eb akeT eb eb-d eb 

akeT akeT-eb akeT eb eb-d-i eb _ wKvetili 

akeT akeT-eb akeT eb eb-d-e eb _ II kavSirebiTi 

I-II seriis mwkrivebis daJgufeba saKrdeni fuZis urTierTmimarTebis 

mixedviT aseT suraTs mogvcems: 

wKvetili _ akeT akeT-e akeT e e 

II kavSirebiTi _ akeT akeT-o akeT 

awmKo-mKofadi _ akeT akeT-eb akeT akeT eb eb-0 eb _ saKrdeni fuZe akeT akeT-eb akeT akeT eb 

uwKvetel-xolmeobiTi _ akeT akeT-eb akeT eb eb-d-i eb 

I kavSirebiTi _ akeT akeT-eb akeT akeT eb eb-d-e eb 

saKrdeni fuZe akeT 

akeT 

saKrdeni fuZe akeT akeT-eb akeT eb eb-d 

eb 

Tu zedmiwevniT Tanmimdevrulni viqnebiT sawarmoebeli 

fuZis principis bolomde gatarebaSi, mwkrivebi zemowarmodgenili 

TanmimdevrobiT unda dalagdes. meore seriad miCneuli 

mwkrivebis saKrdeni fuZe SedarebiT martivia. I seriis 

mwkrivTa saKrdeni fuZe rTulia, martivisagan warmoebuli. 

faqti cnobilia, magram sistemis gadaJgufebis sakiTxi ar dasmula. 

aq, albaT, tradicias gaewia angariSi. da meorec, rogorc 

Cans, droul semantikas eweoda angariSi, roca uGlebis 

erTeulTa dasaxelebas awmKo drois gamomxatveli mwkriviT 

iwKebdnen... samecniero gramatikaSi am tradiciis darGvevis cdaa 

a. SaniZis mier adreul naSromSi sauGlebel erTeulTa pirvel 

(A) Jgufad `namKo srulis Jgufis~ miCneva, xolo meore Jgufad 

(B) _ àwmKos Jgufis~ warmodgena (a. SaniZe, 1920, gv. 6-7). 

miGebuli Tanamimdevrobis Secvlis sxva cda ar Kofila. am 

SemTxvevaSi tradicias angariSi unda gaewios.


kidev: rogori unda iKos Tanmimdevroba urTierTCanacvlebul 

fuZeTa? rogorc iTqva, wKvetili da II kavSirebiTi warmoebis 

mixedviT araa erTimeoreze damokidebuli mwkrivebi. Tanmimdevrobis 

Secvla sawarmoebeli fuZis princips ar daarGvevda. 

magram tradiciul Tanmimdevrobas formobrivi gamarTlebac 

aqvs: reducirebadi xmovnis Semcvel fuZeebSi wKvetili amosavali 

xmovniani variantiTaa warmodgenili, II kavSirebiTi _ 

reducirebuliT: 

v-kal kal kal-i kal 

kal 

v-kl kl kl-a kl 

amosavali varianti, bunebrivia, win uswrebdes mis meoreul, 

fonetikur variants. Tumca sagulvebelia, rom tradiciuli 

TanmimdevrobisaTvis semantikuri momentia amosavali. urTier- 

TCanacvlebul fuZeTagan, orive SemTxvevaSi, erTi upiratesad 

TxrobiTi kilos gamomxatvelia, meore _ kavSirebiTisa. Tanmimdevrobis 

sakiTxic, rogorc Cans, am faqtma gadawKvita. gavixsenoT: 

praqtikuli gramatikebidan moKolebuli (da ara mxolod 

qarTulSi) Kvela SemTxvevaSi Jer TxrobiTi kilos gamomxatveli 

formebi ganixileboda, Semdeg _ kavSirebiTisa da a. S. 

rogoria III seriis mwkrivis formaTa fuZis struqtura da 

aris Tu ara SesaZlebeli sawarmoebeli fuZis mixedviT maTi I an 

II seriaSi CarTva? 

SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna III seriaSi momxdar formobriv cvlilebebs calke 

Tavi (VI) daeTmoba am wignSi. es sakiTxebic iq 

ufro dawvrilebiT iqneba ganxiluli... 

rogorc iTqva, `TurmeobiTis Jgufs ar moepoveba saerTo 

fuZe~ (arn. Ciqobava). msJeloba ar iTvaliswinebs erTpirian gardauval 

zmnaTa SemTxvevas. es erTaderTi gamonaklisia, roca III 

seriis samive mwkrivis warmoeba erTgvarovan principzea damKarebuli: 

I TurmeobiTi _ gambTar-xar, gazrdil-xar 

II TurmeobiTi _ gambTar-iKavi, gazrdil-iKavi 

III kavSirebiTi _ gambTar-iKo, gazrdil-iKo 

211

212 


formawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT III seriis mwkrivTa calke 

Jgufad gamoKofas mxolod am tipis zmnaTa warmoeba dauyerda 

mxars... magram es sagangebo SemTxvevaa _ aGweriTi warmoeba mim- 

Geobur formaTa gamoKenebiT. es principulad ganasxvavebs am 

tipis formebs statikur zmnaTa awmKosa da gardamaval zmnaTa 

pirveli TurmeobiTis warmoebisagan, romlebSic aGweriTi warmoeba 

zmnur fuZezea damKarebuli: v-zi-var, v-tiri-var (Sdr.: vzi, 

v-tiri...)... da-uxatav-xar, a-uSeneb-i-xar... sagulisxmoa isic, 

rom am SemTxvevaSi aGweriTi warmoeba I-II subieqturi piris 

formebTan gvaqvs; III subieqtur pirSi organuli warmoebaa: zi-s, 

tiri-s... dauxatavs, auSenebi-a... 

TviTon is faqtic, rom mesame seriis mwkrivTa warmoebaSi 

aseTi principuli sxvaobaa, mas gancalkevebiT daaKenebs. Kovel 

SemTxvevaSi, ga gamTbar ga 

mTbar mTbarxar mTbar xar tipis zmnaTa I an II seriaSi gadanawilebis 

sakiTxi ar SeiZleba dadges. 

Kvela sxva tipis zmnasTan I TurmeobiTis warmoeba sxvaobs 

II TurmeobiTisa da III kavSirebiTis warmoebisagan. es sxvaoba 

principuli xasiaTisaa. 

pirvel Kovlisa, KuradGeba gvinda mivaqcioT xmovanprefiqs- 

Ta sakiTxs. mwkrivis fuZis ganmarteba xmovanprefiqss fuZiseul 

elementad warmogvidgens (gavixsenoT: mwkrivis fuZe aris is nawili 

zmnisa, romelsac CamoSorebuli aqvs zmniswini, pirisa da 

ricxvis niSnebi), I da II seriis mwkrivTa paradigmebSi xmovanprefiqsi 

ucvalebeli elementia (vsaubrobT moqmedebiTi gvaris 

zmnebze, prefiqsian vnebiTebsa da orpirian sufiqsian vnebiTebze): 

0-xatavs, 

a-keTebs, 

i-keTebs, 

u-keTebs, 

e-zrdeba, 

0-xatavda, 

a-keTebda, 

i-keTebda, 

u-keTebda, 

e-zrdeboda, 

0-xatavdes, 

a-keTebdes, 

i-keTebdes, 

u-keTebdes, 

e-zrdebodes, 

0-xata, 

a-keTa, 

i-keTa, 

u-keTa, 

e-zarda, 

0-xatos 

a-keTos 

i-keTos 

u-keTos 

e-zardos... 

III seria sxvaobs I-II seriisagan xmovanprefiqsTa TvalsazrisiT: 

gardamaval zmnaTa I TurmeobiTSi I da II seriaSi gamo-


Kenebuli 0, , a, , i, , u xmovanprefiqsTa monacvled saobieqto qcevis 

u(/ (/ (/i) (/ prefiqsi gvevlineba: 

0-xatavs 

a-keTebs 

i-keTebs 

u-keTebs 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

da-u-xatavs 

ga-u-keTebia 

ga-u-keTebia 

ga-u-keTebia 

damTxveva xdeba mxolod saobieqto qcevis SemTxvevaSi. amave 

tipis zmnebTan sruliad gansxvavebul viTarebas gviCvenebs II 

TurmeobiTi da III kavSirebiTi: Kvela SemTxvevaSi xmovanprefiqsTa 

monacvled e- gvevlineba. 

0-xatavs 

a-keTebs 

i-keTebs 

u-keTebs 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

da-e-xata, 

ga-e-keTebina, 



da-e-xatos 

ga-e-keTebinos 



xmovanprefiqsTa TvalsazrisiT erTferovania viTareba gardamaval 

zmnaTa I TurmeobiTSi, gansxvavebuli I-II seriisagan; aseve: 

erTferovania viTareba II TurmeobiTsa da III kavSirebiTSi, 

gansxvavebuli, erTi mxriv, I-II seriisagan da, meore mxriv, I TurmeobiTisagan. 

Tu fuZis warmodgenil ganmartebas gaviziarebT, sawarmoebeli 

fuZis principis mixedviT III seriis formebi gansaxilvel 

zmnaTa I da II seriaSi ver gadanawildeba. winaaGmdeg SemTxvevaSi 

sayiro gaxdeba fuZis ganmartebis Secvla _ xmovanprefiqsTa 

ugulebelKofa. 

sakiTxi aseve dadgeba e- prefiqsian zmnaTa mimarTac: zmnebi, 

romelTac I-II seriaSi e- prefiqsi aqvT, III seriaSi Cveulebriv 

xmovanprefiqsis gareSea warmodgenili: 

e-zrdeba _ ga-zrdia 

_ ga-zrdoda 

_ ga-zrdodes 

III seria am SemTxvevaSi erTgvar viTarebas gviCvenebs da gansxvavdeba 

principulad I-II seriisagan. 

213

214 


i- prefiqsian erTpirian zmnebSic viTareba analogiuria: III 

seriaSi aGweriTi warmoeba gvaqvs da xmovanprefiqsis sakiTxi ar 

dgas: 

i-Sleba _ ga-Slil-a 

ga-Slil-iKo 

ga-Slil-iKos 

xmovanprefiqsTa viTarebis gaTvaliswineba mxars dauyers III 

seriis mwkrivTa calke Jgufad gamoKofas. es iTqmis, pirvel Kovlisa, 

Kvela tipis vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa Sesaxeb. rogorc iTqva, 

gardamavali zmnebi am niSnis mixedviT ver gaerTiandeba I an II 

seriasTan, Tumca maTi erT Jgufad gaerTianebac ar iqneba gamar- 

Tlebuli: I TurmeobiTi sxvaobs danarCeni mwkrivebisagan (SevniSnavT 

imasac, rom a. SaniZe xmovanprefiqss TemaSi ar ganixilavs...). 

viTarebas ar gaamartivebs xmovanprefiqsTa monacemebis gauTvaliswineblobac. 

erTpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa III seriis 

formebis Sesaxeb ukve iTqva. es Jgufi gancalkevebiT dgas. 

iseve rogorc xmovanprefiqsebis SemTxvevaSi, fuZis struqturis 

TvalsazrisiTac Kvela SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxvagvar viTarebas 

gviCvenebs, erTi mxriv, I TurmeobiTi, xolo, meore mxriv, II 

TurmeobiTi da III kavSirebiTi. am SemTxvevaSic erTgvaria viTareba 

am ori mwkrivis warmoebisa. 

Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviGebT xmovanprefiqsebs, I Turmeobi- 

Tis fuZis struqtura erT SemTxvevaSi emTxveva awmKo-mKofadis 

fuZis struqturas; awmKo-mKofadis saKrdeni fuZea gamoKenebuli 

saKrdenad I TurmeobiTisaTvisac. amgvar viTarebas gviCvenebs er- 

Ti nawili gardamavali zmnebisa: 

awmKo _ xat-av-s I TurmeobiTi _ da-u-xat-av-s 

dg-am-s da-u-dg-am-s 

a-keT-eb-s ga-u-keT-eb-i-a 

drek-s mo-u-drek-i-a 

erTi Jgufis gardamaval zmnaTa I TurmeobiTi saKrdenad II 

seriis fuZes iKenebs:


wKvetili _ a-q-o I TurmeobiTi _ u-q-i-a (Sdr. awmKo 

_ a-q-e-b-s) 

ga-a-Tb-o ga-u-Tb-i-a 

(Sdr. awmKo _ 

a-Tb-ob-s) 

Taviseburia viTareba gardauvali orpiriani zmnebisa: I 

TurmeobiTis saKrdeni fuZe ar emTxveva arc I da arc II seriis 

fuZeebs: 

awmKo-mKofadi _ u-keT keT keT-d-eb keT eb eb-a eb e-zrd zrd zrd-eb zrd eb eb-a eb u-dn dn dn-eb dn eb eb-a eb 

wKvetili _ ga-u-keT keT keT-d-a keT ga-e-zard zard zard-a zard ga-u-dn dn dn-a dn 

I TurmeobiTi _ ga-h-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-i-a eb ga-zrd zrd zrd-i-a zrd ga-s-dn dn dn-ob dn ob ob-ia ob 

amgvarad, relatiur gardamaval da gardauval zmnaTa I 

TurmeobiTi erT SemTxvevaSi I seriis fuZes daemKareba, meore 

SemTxvevaSi _ II seriis fuZes, xolo mesame SemTxvevaSi gancalkevebiT 

dadgeba. Tu xmovanprefiqsTa monacemsac gaviTvaliswinebT, 

SeuZlebeli aGmoCndeba I TurmeobiTis I an II seriis mwkrivebTan 

gaerTianeba sawarmoebeli fuZis mixedviT. 

aseTive daskvna gakeTdeba II TurmeobiTisa da III kavSirebi- 

Tis formaTa analizis safuZvelzedac; ramdenadac, rogorc iTqva, 

saKrdeni fuZe am ori mwkrivis identuria, e. i. es ori 

mwkrivi erTmaneTs Canacvlebis principiT miemarTeba, mxolod meore 

TurmeobiTis magaliTs moviKvanT: 

a) gardamaval zmnaTa erTi Jgufis II TurmeobiTi II seriis 

fuZes emKareba: 

awmKo-mKofadi _ xat xat-av xat av av-s av a-q-eb-s drek drek-s drek 

wKvetili _ da-xat xat xat-a xat Se-a-q-o mo-drik drik drik-a drik 

II TurmeobiTi _ da-e-xat xat xat-a xat Se-e-q-o mo-e-drik drik drik-a drik 

b) II TurmeobiTis saKrden fuZes awmKo-mKofadis saKrdeni 

fuZisagan -in in formanti ganasxvavebs: 

awmKo-mKofadi _ 

a-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-s eb 

a-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-s eb 

II TurmeobiTi _ ga-e-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-in eb in in-a in a-e-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-in eb in in-a... 

in 

215

216 


SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, in in in daboloeba 

erTiani sufiqsia, Tu SeiZleba misi daSla 

_ i-n. 

g) orpirian gardauval zmnaTa II TurmeobiTis fuZis struqtura 

gansxvavebulia rogorc I seriis, ise II seriis mwkrivis 

fuZeTa struqturisagan. gansxvavebas qmnis -od od sufiqsi, romelic 

Kvela SemTxvevaSi gamovlindeba. igive -od od uwKvetelSic 

gvaqvs, magram sxvaobas zog SemTxvevaSi vnebiTobis sufiqsis 

uqonloba qmnis, sxva SemTxvevaSi _ Temis niSani; suraTi aseTia: 

uwKveteli 

u-keT keT keT-d-eb keT eb eb-od eb od od-a od 

e-zrd zrd zrd-eb zrd eb eb-od eb od od-a od 

e-mal mal mal-eb mal eb eb-od eb od od-a od 

u-Sr Sr Sr-eb Sr eb eb-od eb od od-a od 

u-kvd kvd kvd-eb kvd eb eb-od eb od od-a od 

II TurmeobiTi 

ga-h-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-od eb od od-a od 

ga-zrd zrd zrd-od zrd od od-a od 

da-mal mal mal-v-od mal od od-a od 

ga-Sr Sr Sr-ob Sr ob ob-od ob od od-a od 

mo-kvd kvd kvd-om kvd om om-od om od od-a od 

Tu am SemTxvevaSic xmovanprefiqsTa viTarebas gaviTvaliswinebT, 

sxvaoba III seriis mwkrivTa saKrden fuZeebsa da I-II seriis 

fuZeTa Soris ufro aSkara gaxdeba... 

is, rac vTqviT III seriis formaTa warmoebis Taobaze, cnobili 

faqtebia. Cvens mizans ar Seadgens mwkrivTa warmoebis saki- 

Txebis gamowvlilviTi analizi. gvsurda mxolod zogadi suraTi 

warmogvedgina da gveCvenebina, rom saKrdeni fuZis struqturis 

TvalsazrisiT III seriaSi sakmao siyrelea, araa erTgvarovneba, 

rac gamoricxavs SesaZleblobas sawarmoebeli fuZis principis 

mixedviT am mwkrivTa I da II seriaSi gadanawilebisas. 

amgvarad, sirTule da araerTgvarovneba III seriis mwkrivTa 

formebis warmoebisa Seapirobebs am seriis calke Jgufad gamoKofas. 

vfiqrobT, Kvelaze optimaluri varianti mwkrivTa da- 

Jgufebisa n. mariseuli variantia im naklovanebiT, rac TviT avtorma 

aGniSna Tavis droze. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna ukve iTqva: Taviseburebam da sirTulem III seriis 

formaTa warmoebisam a. quTaTelaZe am formaTa


217 

uarKofamde miiKvana: `saTuo daxraSi uarvKaviT 

Kvela namKo, radgan isini SecdomiT iKvnen Separulnio~. 

esec Taviseburi gamosavalia sirTulis 

daZlevisa, Tumca miuGebeli. 

III seriaSi momxdar (da mimdinare) formobriv cvlilebebze 

gveqneba saubari. 

$ $ 9. . uGleba uGleba, uGleba , uGlebis uGlebis tipebi 

tipebi 

9.1. . ter termi ter termi 

mini 

nisa 

saTvis 

Tvis 

qarTul saenaTmecniero literaturaSi zmnis formacvalebis 

aGsaniSnavad ori termini gamoiKeneba: uGle uGleba uGle ba da uGvli uGvlile uGvli le- 

ba ba. ba formobrivad gansxvavebuli es terminebi Sinaarsobrivad ar 

gansxvavdeba, absoluturad identuria. terminis Seqmnis safuZveli 

uGel uGel fuZea. 

qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis rvatomeuli 

auGvlebs auGvlebs formas ganmartavs (qegl, I, 1950) da uGvli uGvlile uGvli uGvlile 

leba leba 

baze ba ze 

agzavnis mkiTxvels. KuradGebas mivaqcevT formaSi v Tanxmovans. 

orTografiuli leqsikoni swor formad miiCnevs auGlebs auGlebs (v-s 

gareSe) (v. Tofuria, i. gigineiSvili, 1998 w.). aGsaniSnavia, rom 

qegl qegl-is qegl qegl rvatomeulis axali gamocemis I tomSi (2008 w.) swored 

es formaa (auGlebs auGlebs auGlebs) auGlebs warmodgenili. sainteresod gveCveneba 

qegl-is I da II gamocemaTa ganmartebanic. 

I gamocema (1950 w.): àuGvlebs auGvlebs (auGvla, uuGvlebia) 

uGvlilebas awarmoebs (ix. uGvlileba)~. 

II gamocema (2008 w.) àuGlebs auGlebs (auGla, uuGlebia) zmnis 

uGlebas, uGvlilebas awarmoebs~ 

qegl-is pirvel gamocemaSi warmodgenili formis amgvari 

gaazreba moxda: 

uGeli uGeli _ _ uGlavs uGlavs _ _ auGvlebs (← auGl-v-eb-s) uGvle uGvleba uGvle ba 

_ uGvli uGvlile uGvli 

le leba 

ba. 

. Tumca CvenTvis mTlad naTeli ar aris bolo 

formis gaazreba. 

qegli uGle uGleba uGle uGleba 

basa ba sa da uGvli uGvlile uGvli uGvlile 

lebas le bas sinonimur terminebad miiCnevs: 

ùGle uGle uGleba uGle ba igivea, rac uGvli uGvlile uGvli uGvlile 

leba leba 

ba~ ba arada, saenaTmecniero 

literaturis erT nawilSi uGle uGleba uGle ba aris damkvidrebuli (a. Sa-

218 


niZe da sxvani); xolo meore nawilSi _ uGvli uGvlile uGvli uGvlile 

leba le ba (arn. Ciqobava 

da sxvebi). 

erTi mxriv, sirTule uGvli uGvlile uGvli uGvlile 

leba le ba terminis warmoebisa (rogorc 

iTqva, rac mTlad naTeli ar aris CvenTvis) da, meore 

mxriv, simartive da gamyvirvaloba uGle uGleba uGle ba terminisa am ukanasknelisaTvis 

dagvayerinebs mxars. miT umetes, rom qegl-is II gamocema, 

faqtobriv, mas dauyers mxars. 

a. SaniZem termin uG uGleba uG 

eba eba-s eba ganmartebisas sam mniSvnelobaze 

gaamaxvila KuradGeba: 

à) pirvel Kovlisa igi aGniSnavs pirian zmnaTa fleqsias 

da am mxriT igi upirispirdeba upiro zmnaTa da sakuTriv saxel- 

Ta fleqsias. Tu saxelTa fleqsia anu mimoxra niSnavs sitKvis 

cvalebas brunvaTa mixedviT erT-erT ricxvSi (...), samagierod pirian 

zmnaTa mimoxra niSnavs sitKvis cvalebas pirTa mixedviT 

erT-erT mwkrivSi da erT-erT ricxvSi (mxolobiTSi an mravlobiTSi) 

an orive ricxvSi (umetesad) (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 488). 

faqtobriv, es aris uGle uGleba uGle ba viw viwro viw 

ro ga gage ga 

ge gebiT 

biT _ zmnis formacvaleba 

pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT erTi mwkrivis farglebSi. 

`b) meore gagebiT ùGleba~ aGniSnavs piriani zmnis formacvalebas 

Kvela mwkrivSi, romelic ki moepoveba aGebul zmnas~ 

(iqve). faqtobriv es aris uGle uGleba uGle ba far farTo far 

To ga gage ga gage 

gebiT 

biT _ zmnis formacvaleba 

mwkrivTa mixedviT, mwkrivis SigniT _ pirisa da ricxvis 

mixedviT. 

da mesame mniSvneloba: `g) mesame gagebiT ùGleba~ gulisxmobs 

tips, romelsac misdevs esa Tu is zmna samive seriis formaTa 

warmoebis dros~ (iqve, gv. 489). 

9999....2222. . . . Tvalsazrisebi Tvalsazrisebi Tvalsazrisebi Tvalsazrisebi uGlebis uGlebis uGlebis uGlebis tipebad tipebad tipebad tipebad 

daKofis daKofis daKofis daKofis Taobaze Taobaze Taobaze Taobaze 

uGlebis tipebad daKofa, zmnaTa klasifikacia tipebis gamoKofis 

gziT araa axali movlena. Jer kidev praqtikul gramatikebSi 

cdilobdnen avtorebi uGlebis tipebis gamoKofas sxvadasxva 

zmnuri kategoriebisa Tu formawarmoebis TaviseburebaTa ga- 

TvaliswinebiT. qarTul samecniero literaturaSi ZiriTadad 

ori Tvalsazrisia gatarebuli qarTuli zmnebis klasifikaciis, 

uGlebis tipebis gamoKofisa. Cveulebriv zmnaTa daJgufeba xdeba 

ramdenime niSnis mixedviT. a. S a n i Z i s azriT, `mTavari es aris:


rogoria urTierToba samive seriis formebs Soris warmoebis 

TvalsazrsiT~. ZiriTad saklasifikacio niSnad gvaris kategoria 

aris miCneuli, damatebiT niSnad _ statikuroba-dinamikuroba. 

I I ti tipi ti tipi 

pi. pi uGleba moqm. gvaris zmnebisa. amaTi mTavari Tavisebureba 

is aris, rom isini III seriis formebs inversiulad awarmoeben. 

amas garda, pirdapiri mimarTebis formebi mxolod aq 

aris SesaZlebeli. 

II II II ti tipi ti tipi 

pi. pi uGleba dinamikuri vnebiTi gvaris zmnebisa, ZiriTadi 

gansxvaveba pirveli tipis zmnaTa uGlebisagan III seriaSi iCens 

Tavs. Tanac aq zmnebi ganiKofa imis mixedviT, erTpiriania forma 

Tu orpiriani: amas Tavisi warmoeba aqvs da imas _ Tavisi. amas 

garda, am tipis zmnebs pirveli tipis zmnaTagan ganasxvavebs savrcobi 

(od od od). od 

III III ti tipi ti tipi 

pi. pi . uGleba saSual-moqmedebiTi (medioaqtivi) zmnebisa. 

am zmnebs Senacvlebis wesiT aqvT nawarmoebi II da III seriis formebi, 

agreTve I seriis mKofadis wrisa. Senacvlebisas gamoKenebulia 

imave fuZis moqmedebiTis saTavisos an sasxvisos formebi. 

IV IV ti tipi. ti uGleba saSual-vnebiTi (mediopasivi) zmnebisa da 

statikuri vnebiTi gvaris zmnebisa. amaT Kvelas aerTianebs 

mwkrivebis kleba (an meore seriisa mTlianad, an uwKvetlisa da 

awmKos kavSirebiTisa I seriidan). amas garda, awmKoSi eseni me- 

Svel zmnas dairTaven pirvelsa da meore pirSi. 

TiToeuli tipis SigniT kidev aris Tav-Tavisi daKofileba...~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 489). 

rogorc vxedavT, saklasifikaciod ramdenime niSania gamo- 

Kenebuli: gvaris kategoria, inversiuloba, mwkrivTa warmoebis 

SesaZlebloba, mwkrivTa warmoebis Taviseburebani. klasifikaciis 

amgvarma Tvalsazrisma sayiro gaxada sxva morfologiuri kategoriebis 

gaTvaliswinebac da amisdakvalobaze _ qvetipebis gamoKofa. 

am SemTxvevaSi KuradGeba maxvildeba Temaze, Temis niSnebze, 

mwkrivis fuZeTa urTerTmimarTebaze, vnebiTis warmoebis 

tipze, ra saSualebiT xdeba nakluli mwkrivebis Sevseba... fonetikuri 

principic iCens Tavs _ ìkumSeba fuZe Tu ara~... 

arsebobs sxva Tvalsazrisic; a r n. C i q o b a v a s azriT, 

`qarTuli zmnebis ZiriTadi saklasifikacio erTeulebia: statikuri 

da dinamikuri zmnebi, erTi mxriv, gardauvali da gardmava- 

219

220 


li zmnebi, meore mxriv~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950, gv. 051). amisdaSesabamisad, 

sami tipi gamoiKo: 

I. dinamikuri zmnebi (i- vnebiTiani tipi) 

II. dinamikuri zmnebi (d- vnebiTiani tipi) 

III. statikuri zmnebi (ori qvetipiT: 

a) statikuri erTpiriani zmnebi 

b) statikuri orpiriani zmnebi...) (arn. Ciqobava, 1950, 

gv. 063-074). 

tipebis gamoKofa erTi saklasifikacio niSnis _ dinamikuroba-statikurobis 

_ mixedviT udavod saintereso faqtia, 

oGond mTlad naTeli araa am SemTxvevaSi I da II tipebis gamoKofis 

aucilebloba: vnebiTis warmoebis tipis mixedviT sxvadasxva 

Jgufis warmodgena. mesame tipi vnebiTis formaTa saki- 

Txic garkvevas sayiroebs... gamodis, rom: zrdis zrdis da iz izrde iz izrde 

rdeba rde ba / / 

ez ezrde ez 

rde rdeba rde ba erTi tipis uGlebis zmnebia, texs texs da tKde tKdeba tKde tKde ba _ meorisa, 

xolo wuxs wuxs, wuxs cxov cxovrobs cxov robs da uKvars uKvars _ mesamisa... dgas dgas, dgas dgas, 

, zis da 

a. S. tipis zmnebic, albaT, aq Semova (Tumca amis Taobaze miTi- 

Teba araa). 

rogorc pirveli, aseve meore Tvalsazrisis mixedviT Ziri- 

Tadi KuradGeba zmnur formaTa warmoebis Taviseburebazea gamaxvilebuli. 

klasifikaciis amgvar principebze damKareba gamoKofil 

erTeulTa simravles qmnis da, rac mTavaria, ar xerxdeba 

formaTa warmoebis TvalsazrisiT Kvela saxis zmnis gaTvaliswinebac. 

garda amisa, araa erTgvarovani principi gatarebuli: 

sxvadasxva TvalsazrisiT xdeba gamoKofili tipebis daxasia- 

Teba; principis cvla ki `klasifikaciis elementaruli wesis 

darGvevad iTvleba mecnierebis Kvela dargSi. enis movlenaTa 

aGwerac aq gamonakliss ver Seqmnis~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1962, gv. 98). 

9999....3333. . . . formaTa formaTa formaTa formaTa ````sesxebis sesxebis~ sesxebis sesxebis~ 

~ ~ sakiTxi sakiTxi sakiTxi sakiTxi 

sanam msJelobas gavagrZelebT uGlebis TvalsazrisiT 

zmnaTa daJgufebis sakiTxze, gvinda SevexoT `formaTa sesxebis~ 

sakiTxs. e. w. saSuali gvaris zmnaTa uGlebis Taobaze roca 

msJeloben, mianiSneben, rom àm zmnebs Senacvlebis wesiT aqvT 

nawarmoebi II da III seriis formebi, agreTve I seriis mKofadis 

wrisa. Senacvlebisas gamoKenebulia imave fuZis moqmedebiTis sa-


Tavisos an sasxvisos formebi~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 489); rom es 

zmnebi nakluli mwkrivebis Sesavsebad ìKenebs dinamikuri zmnebisagan 

nasesxeb nakvTebs~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950, gv. 072...). amgvari 

komentariT saSuali gvaris zmnaTa uGlebis srul paradigmas 

warmoadgenen: 

1. magaliTi formaTa `sesxebisa~ 

sakuTari sakuTari formebi formebi 

`nasesxebi nasesxebi nasesxebi~ nasesxebi formebi 

àwmKos wreSi~ 

awmKo v-tir-i 

s-tir-i 

tir-i-s 

v-tir-i-T 

s-tir-i-T 

tir-i-an 

uwKveteli v-tir-od-i 

s-tir-od-i 

tir-od-a 

v-tir-od-i-T 

s-tir-od-i-T 

tir-od-nen 

awmK. kavS. v-tir-od-e 

s-tir-od-e 

tir-od-e-s 

v-tir-od-e-T 

s-tir-od-e-T 

tir-od-nen 

`mKofadis wreSi~ 

mKofadi v-i-tir-eb 

i-tir-eb 

i-tir-eb-s 

v-i-tir-eb-T 

i-tir-eb-T 

i-tir-eb-en 

xolmeobiTi v-i-tir-eb-d-i 

i-tir-eb-d-i 

i-tir-eb-d-a 

v-i-tir-eb-d-i-T 

i-tir-eb-d-i-T 

i-tir-eb-d-nen 

mKof. kavS. v-i-tir-eb-d-e 

i-tir-eb-d-e 

i-tir-eb-d-e-s 

v-i-tir-eb-d-e-T 

i-tir-eb-d-e-T 

i-tir-eb-d-nen 

SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna 1. ramdenadac II da III seriis mwkrivTa formebi 

formobrivad gagrZelebaa `nasesxeb~ formaTa paradigmisa, 

amdenad maT aGar moviKvan. 

2. piris niSanTa marTlwera (vTqvaT, s-tir-i) a. SaniZis 

mixedviTaa warmodgenili. 

221

222 


2. magaliTi formaTa sesxebisa 

awmKo awmKo awmKo 

mKofadi 

mKofadi 

v-dga-var 

dga-xar 

dga-s 

v-dga-varT 

dga-xarT 

dgan-an 

v-i-dg-eb-i 

i-dg-eb-i 

i-dg-eb-a 

v-i-dg-eb-i-T 

i-dg-eb-i-T 

i-dg-eb-i-an 

uwKveteli 


xolmeobiTi 

xolmeobiTi 

v-i-dg-eb-od-i 

i-dg-eb-od-i 

i-dg-eb-od-a 

v-i-dg-eb-od-i-T 

i-dg-eb-od-i-T 

i-dg-eb-od-nen 

awmKo awmKos awmKo awmKo kavSir kavSirebiTi 

kavSir biTi mKof mKof. mKof . kavSir kavSirebiTi 

kavSir biTi 

v-i-dg-eb-od-e 

i-dg-eb-od-e 

i-dg-eb-od-e-s 

v-i-dg-eb-od-e-T 

i-dg-eb-od-e-T 

i-dg-eb-od-nen 

II da III seriaSi gagrZeleba aqvs mKofadis paradigmas. 


m-i-Kvar-s 

g-i-Kvar-s 

u-Kvar-s 

gv-i-Kvar-s 

g-i-Kvar-T 

u-Kvar-T 

awmKo awmKo 

mKofadi Kofadi 

m-e-Kvar-eb-a 

g-e-Kvar-eb-a 

e-Kvar-eb-a 

gv-e-Kvar-eb-a 

g-e-Kvar-eb-a-T 

e-Kvar-eb-a-T 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

Se-m-i-Kvar-d-e-b-a 

Se-g-i-Kvar-d-e-b-a 

Se-u-Kvar-d-e-b-a 

Se-gv-i-Kvar-d-e-b-a 

Se-g-i-Kvar-d-e-b-a-T 

Se-u-Kvar-d-e-b-a-T



xolmeobiTi 

xolmeobiTi 

m-i-Kvar-d-a 

g-i-Kvar-d-a 

u-Kvar-d-a 

gv-i-Kvar-d-a 

g-i-Kvar-d-a-T 

u-Kvar-d-a-T 

m-e-Kvar-eb-od-a 

g-e-Kvar-eb-od-a 

e-Kvar-eb-od-a 

gv-e-Kvar-eb-od-a 

g-e-Kvar-eb-od-a-T 

e-Kvar-eb-od-a-T 

awmK awmK. awmK . kavSir kavSirebiTi 

kavSir biTi mKof mKof. mKof . kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

m-i-Kvar-d-e-s 

g-i-Kvar-d-e-s 

u-Kvar-d-e-s 

gv-i-Kvar-d-e-s 

g-i-Kvar-d-e-T 

u-Kvar-d-e-T 

m-e-Kvar-eb-od-e-s 

g-e-Kvar-eb-od-e-s 

e-Kvar-eb-od-e-s 

gv-e-Kvar-eb-od-e-s 

g-e-Kvar-eb-od-e-T 

e-Kvar-eb-od-e-T 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

223 

Se-m-i-Kvar-d-e-b-od-a 

Se-g-i-Kvar-d-e-b-od-a 

Se-u-Kvar-d-e-b-od-a 

Se-gv-i-Kvar-d-e-b-od-a 

Se-g-i-Kvar-d-e-b-od-a-T 

Se-u-Kvar-d-e-b-od-a-T 

Se-m-i-Kvar-d-eb-od-e-s 

Se-g-i-Kvar-d-eb-od-e-s 

Se-u-Kvar-d-eb-od-e-s 

Se-gv-i-Kvar-d-e-b-od-e-s 

Se-g-i-Kvar-d-e-b-od-e-T 

Se-u-Kvar-d-e-b-od-e-T 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna II da III seriaSi gagrZeleba mKofadis meore variants 

eqneba: Se-m-i-Kvar-d-a, Se-m-i-Kvar-d-e-s, Se-m- 

Kvar-eb-i-a... 


awmKo 

awmKo 

v-boboqr-ob 

boboqr-ob 

boboqr-ob-s 

v-boboqr-ob-T 

boboqr-ob-T 

boboqr-ob-en 

uwKveteli 

uwKveteli 

uwKveteli 

v-boboqr-ob-d-i 

boboqr-ob-d-i 

boboqr-ob-d-a 

v-boboqr-ob-d-i-T 

v-i-boboqr-eb 

i-boboqr-eb 

i-boboqr-eb-s 

v-i-boboqr-eb-T 

i-boboqr-eb-T 

i-boboqr-eb-en 

v-i-boboqr-eb-d-i 

i-boboqr-ebd-i 

i-boboqr-eb-d-a 

v-i-boboqr-eb-d-i-T 

mKofadi mKofadi 

mKofadi 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

xolmeobiTi 

xolmeobiTi 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

a-v-boboqrd-eb-i 

a-boboqrd-eb-i 

a-boboqrd-eb-a 

a-v-boboqrd-eb-i-T 

a-boboqrd-eb-i-T 

a-boboqrd-eb-i-an 

a-v-boboqrd-eb-od-i 

a-boboqrd-eb-od-i 

a-boboqrd-eb-od-a 

a-v-boboqrd-eb-od-i-T

224 

boboqr-ob-d-i-T 

boboqr-ob-d-nen 

awmK awmK. awmK awmK. 

. kavS kavS. kavS 

v-boboqr-ob-d-e 

boboqr-ob-d-e 

boboqr-ob-d-e-s 

v-boboqr-ob-d-e-T 

boboqr-ob-d-e-T 

boboqr-ob-d-nen 


i-boboqr-eb-d-i-T 

i-boboqr-eb-d-nen 

v-i-boboqr-eb-d-e 

i-boboqr-ebd-e 

i-boboqr-eb-d-e-s 

v-i-boboqr-eb-d-e-T 

i-boboqr-eb-d-e-T 

i-boboqr-eb-d-nen 

/ 

/ 

mKof mKof. mKof mKof. 

. kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

a-boboqrd-eb-od-i-T 

a-boboqrd-eb-od-nen 

a-v-boboqrd-eb-od-i 

a-boboqrd-eb-od-i 

a-boboqrd-eb-od-a 

a-v-boboqrd-eb-od-i-T 

a-boboqrd-eb-od-i-T 

a-boboqrd-eb-od-nen 

II da III seriaSi gagrZeleba aqvs mKofadis orive variants. 

formobrivi TvalsazrisiT àwmKos wrisa~ da `mKofadis 

wris~ formaTa erT paradigmaSi moqceva, cxadia, ar moxerxdeba; 

es igive iqneba, akeTebs akeTebs akeTebs zmnas gaikeTa gaikeTa davuKenoT gverdiT da 

uke ukeTebs uke Tebs zmnas _ gakeTda gakeTda. gakeTda 

Kalibis mixedviT pirveli rigis zmnebi sul sxva paradigmis 

wevrebia da meore rigisa _ sxva paradigmis. `sesxebac~ amitom 

daerqva paradigmaTa amgvar `Sevsebas~. 

amgvari `sesxebiT~ irGveva formobrivi principi. 

Cven Sorsa varT im azrisagan, rom ti tiris ti ris da iti itira iti itira 

ra, ra , dgas 

da id idge id idge 

geba 

ba, ba , uKvars uKvars da eKva eKvare eKva eKvare 

reba re ba / SeuKvar SeuKvarde 

SeuKvar SeuKvarde 

deba de ba Tu bo boboq bo 

boq boqrobs boq robs 

da ibo iboboq ibo iboboq 

boqrebs 

rebs ar SeiZleba erT paradigmaSi moeqces, oGond er- 

Tia: un unda un 

da gan gansxvav gan 

sxvav sxvavdes sxvav des se seman se seman 

manti 

tiku 

kuri ku ri da for formob for 

mob mobriv 

riv-se riv se seman 

mantiku man ku kuri ku ri 

pa para pa 

ra radig 

digme 

mebi 

bi. bi 

se seman se 

man manti 

tikur kur pa para pa 

ra radig 

digmas dig mas vuwodebT im pa para pa 

ra radig 

digmas 

mas, mas , romelSic 

formobrivi principi darGveulia da sxvadasxva fuZis mqone 

zmnebi erT paradigmaSi mxolod semantikuri principiTaa gaer- 

Tianebuli. 

for formob for formob 

mobriv 

riv-se riv se seman 

manti manti 

tikurs 

kurs vuwodeb im paradigmas 

paradigmas, paradigmas 

paradigmas rome romelSic 

rome Sic 

orive orive principia principia principia gatarebuli gatarebuli _ _ _ formobrivic da semantik semantiku- 

semantik 

ric ric. ric SeiZleba martivad formobrivi formobrivi paradigmac paradigmac vuwodoT. ase 

rom, sesxebiT Sevsebuli paradigma CvenTvis semantikuri paradigmaa 

da sxva, moqmedebiTi Tu vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa paradigmebi 

_ formobrivi (e. i. formobriv-semantikuri) paradigmebia. 

semantikuri semantikuri paradigmebi paradigmebi ramdenime saxis SeiZleba iKos: 

1. roca paradigmis wevrebi erTi da imave Zireuli mor-


femisagan iwarmoeba. Tumca aqac gamoiKofa ramdenime qveJgufi: 

a) roca àwmKos wris~ mwkrivTa paradigmas `mKofadis 

wresa~ da II-III seriaSi erTi paradigma avsebs: 

mef-ob-s 

mef-ob-d-a 

mef-ob-d-e-s 

i-mef-eb-s 

i-mef-eb-da 

i-mef-eb-d-e-s 

i-mef-a 

i-mef-o-s 

u-mef-i-a 

e-mef-a 

e-mef-o-s 

b) roca mxolod awmKos forma aqvs zmnas da `mKofadis 

wrisa~ Tu II-III seriis formebs ivsebs sxva formobrivi paradigmiT. 

wev-s i-wv-eb-a 

i-wv-eb-od-a 

i-wv-eb-od-e-s 

i-wv-a 

i-wv-e-s 

(wolil-a 

wolil-iKo 

wolil-iKos) 

g) roca àwmKos wris~ mwkrivTa paradigmis Sevseba xdeba 

`mKofadis wreSi~ orgvari formobrivi paradigmiT, romelTagan 

erT-erTs aqvs gagrZeleba II da III seriaSi 

s-Zul-s 

s-Zul-d-a 

s-Zul-d-e-s 

_ 

_ 

e-Zul-eb-a 

e-Zul-eb-od-a 

e-Zul-eb-od-e-s 

_ 

_ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

Se-s-Zul-d-eb-a 

Se-s-Zul-d-eb-od-a 

Se-s-Zul-d-eb-od-e-s 

Se-s-Zul-d-a 

Se-s-Zul-d-e-s 

225

226 

_ 

_ 

_ 


_ 

_ 

_ 

Se-s-Zul-eb-i-a 

Se-s-Zul-eb-od-a 

Se-s-Zul-eb-od-e-s 

d) roca àwmKos wris~ mwkrivTa paradigmis Sevseba xdeba 

`mKofadis wrisa~ da II-III seriis formebis orgvari paradigmiT: 

bibin-eb-s 

bibin-eb-d-a 

bibin-eb-d-e-s 

i-bibin-eb-s 

i-bibin-eb-d-a 

i-bibin-eb-d-e-s 

i-bibin-a 

i-bibin-o-s 

u-bibin-i-a 

e-bibin-a 

e-bibin-o-s 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

a-bibin-d-eb-a 

a-bibin-d-eb-od-a 

a-bibin-d-eb-od-es 

a-bibin-d-a 

a-bibin-d-e-s 

abibinebul-a 

abibinebul-iKo 

abibinebul-iKos 

2. meore rigis semantikuri paradigmis wevrebi sxvadasxva 

Zireuli morfemisagan warmoebuli zmnuri formebia: ambobs ambobs _ 

itKvis itKvis _ _ Tqva Tqva. Tqva 

ambob-s 

amb-ob-d-a 

amb-ob-d-e-s 

Svreba Svreba Svreba _ _ izams izams _ qna 

Svr-eb-a 

Svr-eb-od-a 

Svr-eb-od-e-s 

i-tKv-i-s 

i-tK-od-a 

i-tK-od-e-s 

i-zam-s 

i-zam-d-a 

i-zam-d-e-s 

Tqv-a 

Tqv-a-s 

u-Tqv-am-s 

e-Tqv-a 

e-Tqv-a-s 

qn-a 

qn-a-s

aris aris _ _ iqneba iqneba_ iqneba _ iKos 

iKos 


ar-i-s i-qn-eb-a 

i-qn-eb-od-a 

i-qn-eb-od-e-s 

u-qn-i-a 

e-qn-a 

e-qn-a-s 

i-K-o 

i-K-o-s 

Kofil-a 

Kofil-iKo 

Kofil-iKos 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : 1. sagulisxmo faqtia _ III seria Kvela SemTxveva- 

Si II seriis fuZes imeorebs. 2. aq imasac mivaqcevT 

KuradGebas, rom amb amb martivi fuZisagan 

warmoebuli neitraluri qcevis forma semantikur 

paradigmas qmnis. 

am paradigmebis gacnoba erTi daskvnis saSualebas gvaZlevs: 

rogorc meore rigis paradigmebi (ambobs... aris... Svreba...) ar 

SeiZleba CaiTvalos formobriv paradigmad da, Sesabamisad, morfologiuri 

analizis faqtad, ise pirveli rigis paradigmebi 

ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos formobriv paradigmad. sxvagvarad: `sesxeba~ 

ar aris morfologiuri faqti... es semantikis sferoa. 

rac Seexeba imas, rom am ambobs am 

bobs _ itKvi itKvis itKvi _ _ Tqva erT paradigmad 

warmogvidgeba, morfologiuri analizis dros unda iTqvas, 

rom am ambobs am 

bobs aris zmna (is zmnuri forma), romelsac mxolod 

awmKos drouli mniSvnelobis gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba 

aqvs; Sesabamisad: itKvis itKvis aris is zmna (zmnuri forma), romelsac 

ara aqvs awmKos gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba, gamoxatavs mxolod momaval 

dros da, Sesabamisad, aseve iTqmis Tqva Tqva formazec _ igi 

warsuli drois mniSvnelobas gadmoscems. am martivi fuZis axlandeli 

da momavali drois gamoxatva ar xdeba. aseve SeiZleba 

iTqvas me mefobs me 

fobs da ime imefebs ime imefebs 

febs, febs , dgas dgas da id idge id idge 

geba 

ba, ba , bru brunavs bru navs da ib ibru ib ibru 

ru- 

ru 

227

228 


nebs nebs da sxva mravali msgavsi SemTxvevis Sesaxeb; anu im zmnebis 

Sesaxeb, romlebic `sesxebis gziT ivseben naklul mwkrivebs~. 

da Kovelive es xdeba gansxvavebiT im zmnebisagan, romlebic 

erTi da imave martivi fuZiT, erTi morfologiuri paradigmis 

farglebSi axdenen am droul dapirispirebas: wer wer-s wer s _ da da-wers da wers 

_ da dawe da 

we wera 

ra. ra axlandeli da momavali drois gansxvaveba erTi 

mwkrivis farglebSi xdeba zog SemTxvevaSi zmniswinis meSveobiT, 

zog SemTxvevaSi _ konteqstis daxmarebiT (ix. $ 5). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna semantikuri paradigmis agebis saintereso cdas 

gvTavazobs a. arabuli. sauGlebeli sistemis semantikurma 

analizma mxolod TxrobiTi kilos 

formaTa saxiT 9 erTeuli warmoadgina (a. arabuli, 

1992); aspeqtis kategoriis ùGlebis (paradigmatul) 

kategoriaTa rigSi~ gatanam da, Sesabamisad, 

`zmniswinis sauGlebeli fuZis (mwkrivis) 

organul nawilad~ miCnevam; `mTeli paradigmis 

(uGlebis sistemis) formaluri (fuZisa) da 

semantikuri (`diferencialur niSanTa~) maxasia- 

Teblebis gaTvaliswinebiT gadaweram~ 16 mwkrivi 

mogvca (a. arabuli, 1999). 

9999....4444.... zmnaTa zmnaTa zmnaTa zmnaTa daJgufeba daJgufeba daJgufeba daJgufeba mwkrivTa mwkrivTa mwkrivTa mwkrivTa warmoebis warmoebis warmoebis warmoebis 

SesaZleblobis SesaZleblobis SesaZleblobis SesaZleblobis mixedviT mixedviT mixedviT mixedviT 

zmniswinis rolze, aspeqtis kategoriis mniSvnelobaze da e. 

w. mwkrivis elementTa (anu uGlebis kategoriaTa) Sesaxeb mwkrivis 

raobis garkvevisas visaubreT; e. w. semantikuri diferencialuri 

niSnebi rom araa ucvalebeli da maTi mixedviT mwkrivTa 

daxasiaTeba arastabiluria, amis Taobazec gvqonda saubari... magram 

es Kovelive exeboda formobriv paradigmas. semantikurad 

dasaSvebia sakiTxis ase dasma, miT umetes, Tu erT paradigmad 

gaviazrebT c x o v r o b s _ i c x o v r a, a r i s _ i K o _ i q n e b a 

formebs... Cveni da warmodgenili Tvalsazrisis sxvaobis safuZveli 

mizania _ vagebT formobriv Tu semantikur paradigmas... 

formobrivi (anu formobriv-semantikuri) principis gaTvaliswineba 

saintereso suraTs warmogvidgens ama Tu im zmnis mier 

m w k r i v T a w a r m o e b i s S e s a Z l e b l o b i s m i x e d v i T.


anu: r a S e s a Z l e b l o b a a q v s a m a T u i m z m n a s z m n u - 

r i f o r m e b i s w a r m o e b i s a. 

Tu am principis mixedviT vecdebi zmnaTa daJgufebas, aGmo- 

Cndeba, rom SesaZlebelia zmnebi sam Jgufad dalagdes: a) zmnebi, 

romelTac mxolod erTi _ awmKo-mKofadis _ mwkrivis forma 

moepoveba; b) zmnebi, romelTac mxolod I seriis mwkrivTa formebi 

moepoveba da g) zmnebi, romelTac Kvela mwkrivis forma moepoveba; 

sqema aseT saxes miiGebs: 

a) awmKo-mKofadi; b) awmKo-mKofadi 

uwKvetel-xolmeobiTi 

I kavSirebiTi 

229 

g) awmKo-mKofadi 

uwKvet.-xolmeobiTi 

I kavSirebiTi 

wKvetili 


I TurmeobiTi 

II TurmeobiTi 


uGlebis Jgufebis gamoKofis dros am faqts gansakuTrebuli 

KuradGeba unda mieqces. gavixsenoT: ùGle uGle uGleba uGle ba aGniSnavs piriani 

zmnis formacvalebas Kvela mwkrivSi, romelic ki moepoveba 

aGebul zmnas~ (a. SaniZe). dazusteba _ `romelic ki moepoveba 

aGebul zmnas~ _ gulisxmobs imas, rom Kvela zmnas ara aqvs SesaZlebloba 

Kvela mwkrivis formaTa warmoebisa; anu: zmnebi gansxvavdeba 

erTmaneTisagan imis mixedviTac, Tu ra S e s a Z l e b - 

l o b a a q v s m a s m w k r i v T a w a r m o e b i s a. vfiqrobT: zmnis 

formobrivi analizisas zmnaTa daJgufeba am niSnis mixedviT unda 

moxdes: r o g o r i a S e s a Z l e b l o b a z m n i s a m w k r i v i s 

f o r m a T a w a r m o e b i s a ; sxvagvarad: S e s w e v s T u a r a 

z m n a s u n a r i K v e l a m w k r i v i s f o r m a T a w a r m o e b i s a. 

mwkrivis formaTa warmoebis SesaZleblobis mixedviT zmnebi 

sam Jgufad SeiZleba davKoT; Sesabamisad gveqneba sami tipi 

uGlebisa: 

I I I ti tipis ti pis uGle uGlebas uGle bas ganekuTvneba is zmnebi, romelTac mxolod 

erTi mwkrivis (awmKo-mKofadis) formebi moepovebaT (zemowarmodgenil 

msJelobis safuZvelze e. w. `nasesxeb~ formebs mxedve-

230 


lobaSi ar viGebT). am JgufSi Semova: a) e. w. statikuri vnebi- 

Tis formebi: abia abia, abia , abaria abaria, abaria , abadia abadia, abadia 

, hb hburavs hb 

ravs ravs, ravs , xuravs da misTanani. 

b) e. w. mediopasiur zmnaTa erTi nawili: wev wevs, wev , dgas dgas, dgas , Zevs Zevs, Zevs Zevs, 

, 

sxedan sxedan da sxva. 

am tipis zmnebi SeiZleba iKos rogorc erTpiriani, ise orpiriani: 

abia abia / ubia ubia, ubia , agia agia / ugia ugia, ugia , agdia agdia / ugdia ugdia, ugdia , asvia / usvia usvia, usvia usvia, 

, 

afenia enia / ufenia ufenia... ufenia dgas dgas / udgas udgas, udgas , zis / azis azis / uzis uzis... uzis 

am tipis zmnaTa uGlebis erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSani is 

aris, rom I da II subieqturi piris formebs meSveli zmniT iwarmoeben: 

anda: 

v-dga-var 

dga-xar 

v-dga-varT 

dga-xarT 

v-abari-var 

abari-xar 

v-zi-var 

zi-xar 

v-zi-varT 

zi-xarT 

v-agdi-var 

agdi-xar 

v-sxed-var-T 

sxed-xar-T 

v-wevar 

wev-xar 

v-wevar-T 

wev-xar-T 

zogi zmnisaTvis I-II subieqturi piris formebi ar Cans 

bunebrivi: hburavs, xuravs... 

sagulisxmoa is faqtic, rom am tipis zmnebi zmniswins ar 

dairTaven. drouli gageba am zmnebisa stabiluria _ awmKos 

gageba aqvT (zogadisa Tu konkretulisa). 

II tipis uGlebas ganekuTvneba is zmnebi, romlebic mxolod 

I seriis mwkrivTa formebs iwarmoebs: 

awmKo awmKo-mKofadi 

awmKo mKofadi 

v-mef-ob 

mef-ob 

mef-ob-s 

v-mef-ob-T 

mef-ob-T 

mef-ob-en 

v-TamaS-ob 

TamaS-ob 

TamaS-ob-s 

v-TamaS-ob-T 

TamaS-ob-T 

TamaS-ob-en 

v-amb-ob 

amb-ob 

amb-ob-s 

v-amb-ob-T 

amb-ob-T 

amb-ob-en 

v-itKv-i 

itKv-i 

itKv-i-s 

v-itKv-i-T 

itKv-i-T 

itKv-i-an 

v-ic-i 

ic-i 

ic-i-s 

v-ic-i-T 

ic-i-T 

ic-i-an

uwKvetel 

uwKvetel-xol 

uwKvetel xol xolmeobiTi 

xol biTi 

v-mef-ob-d-i 

mef-ob-d-i 

mef-ob-d-a 

v-mef-ob-d-i-T 

mef-ob-d-i-T 

mef-ob-d-nen 

I kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

v-mef-ob-d-e 

mef-ob-d-e 

mef-ob-d-e-s 

v-mef-ob-d-e-T 

mef-ob-d-e-T 

mef-ob-d-nen 


v-TamaS-ob-d-i 

TamaS-ob-d-i 

TamaS-ob-d-a 

v-TamaS-ob-d-i-T 

TamaS-ob-d-i-T 

TamaS-ob-d-nen 

v-TamaS-ob-d-e 

TamaS-ob-d-e 

TamaS-ob-d-e-s 

v-TamaS-ob-d-e-T 

TamaS-ob-d-e-T 

TamaS-ob-d-nen 

v-amb-ob-d-i 

amb-ob-d-i 

amb-ob-d-a 

v-amb-ob-d-i-T 

amb-ob-d-i-T 

amb-ob-d-nen 

v-amb-ob-d-e 

amb-ob-d-e 

amb-ob-d-e-s 

v-amb-ob-d-e-T 

amb-ob-d-e-T 

amb-ob-d-nen 

v-itK-od-i 

itK-od-i 

itK-od-a 

v-itK-od-i-T 

itK-od-i-T 

itK-od-nen 

v-itK-od-e 

itK-od-e 

itK-od-e-s 

v-itK-od-e-T 

itK-od-e-T 

itK-od-nen 

v-ic-od-i 

ic-od-i 

ic-od-a 

v-ic-od-i-T 

ic-od-i-T 

ic-od-nen 

v-ic-od-e 

ic-od-e 

ic-od-e-s 

v-ic-od-e-T 

ic-od-e-T 

ic-od-nen 

ZiriTadad am JgufSi Semodis is zmnebi, romelTac medioaqtiur 

zmnebs vuwodebT _ swavlobs, cxovrobs, amxanagobs, 

cruobs, tKuis... garda amisa, ramdenime gardamavali dinamikuri 

zmna, e. w. mwkrivSi monacvle zmnebi _ ambobs ambobs, ambobs , itKvis itKvis; itKvis 

; Svreba Svreba, Svreba 

, 

izams izams... izams statikuri zmnebi _ icis icis, icis icis, 

, uwKis uwKis... uwKis 

da gardauvali dinamikuri 

zmnebi _ iqneba iqneba, iqneba , gaeZleba gaeZleba, gaeZleba 

, gaemtKuneba 

gaemtKuneba... 

gaemtKuneba 

II Jgufis zmnaTa umetesoba uzmniswinoa, zmniswins ver 

iguebs. erTi nawili medioaqtiuri zmnebisa zmniswiniania, magram 

zmniswini droisa da aspeqtis gamoxatvis unars moklebulia; es 

ZiriTadad moZraobis aGmniSvneli zmnebia: midis midis, midis , mirbis mirbis, mirbis 

, mifr mifri- mifr 

navs navs... navs ... aseTi SeiZleba iKos mi mi-TamaSobs 

mi TamaSobs TamaSobs, TamaSobs , mo mo-TamaSaobs 

mo 

TamaSaobs tipis 

formebic. 

aris zmnaTa erTi nawili, romelic KovelTvis zmniswiniania. 

zmniswini am SemTxvevaSi zmnuri formis leqsikur 

mniSvnelobas gansazGvravs _ gaeZleba gaeZleba, gaeZleba gaeZleba , gaemtKuneba 

gaemtKuneba, 

gaemtKuneba 

, gaewKoba gaewKoba... 

gaewKoba 

... ... 

SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna 1. ama Tu im tipis uGlebis zmnaTa daxasiaTeba 

morfologiuri Tu semantikuri TvalsazrisiT 

calke kvlevis sagnad gvesaxeba. am SemTxvevaSi Cven 

davkmaKofildebiT mxolod zogadi miTiTebiT 

zmnaTa formobriv-semantikur Taviseburebebze. 

231

232 


2. zmniswinisa da zmnuri formis urTiermimarTebis 

sakiTxi arsebiT mniSvnelobas iZens, ramdenadac, 

rogorc vnaxeT da vnaxavT, aris SemTxvevebi, 

a) roca zmna zmniswins saerTod ver iguebs _ me- 

me 

fobs fobs, fobs , am ambobs am 

bobs bobs, bobs , itKvis itKvis, itKvis 

, icis icis... icis 

adGeg adGegrZe adGeg adGegrZe 

rZelebs 

lebs, lebs , 

adar adardebs adar adardebs 

debs... debs b) roca zmnuri forma zmniswinis gareSe 

ar gvxvdeba (erTi da imave semantikiT) _ 

mi miagebs mi 

gebs gebs, gebs , mo moas mo moas 

aswa 

wavebs 

vebs; vebs da daeJe da Je Jere 

reba 

ba, ba da daiS da 

iS iSve 

veba 

ba... ba ... aGmo- 

aGmo 

cen cende cen cende 

deba 

ba, ba ganag ganagrZobs 

ganag ganagrZobs 

rZobs... rZobs ... g) roca paraleluri 

zmniswiniani da uzmniswino variantebi Tanabradaa 

dasaSvebi (cxadia, zmniswins garkveuli funqciebi 

aqvs am SemTxvevaSi): wers wers da da dawers da 

wers wers, wers qris 

qris 

da mo moqris mo 

qris qris... qris 

Kovelive amis gaTvaliswineba ama Tu im zmnis 

uGlebis paradigmis Sedgenisas aucileblad migvaCnia. 

3. zmniswinian zmnebSi, Cveulebriv, erTsa da imave 

martiv fuZesTan ramdenime zmniswini SeiZleba 

Segvxvdes. zmniswinTa raodenobis sakiTxi sxvadasxva 

fuZesTan sxvadasxvagvaria. `zmnuri fuZeebis 

leqsikoni~ am TvalsazrisiT naTel suraTs iZleva 

(ix. g. gogolaSvili, c. kvantaliani, d. Sengelia, 

1989). umetes SemTxvevaSi zmniswinTa Senacvleba 

formawarmoebaze gavlenas ver axdens. aseT 

SemTxvevaSi msJelobisas mxolod erT-erT zmniswins 

moviKvanT, Cveulebriv, neitraluri semantikisas 

(neitraluri zmniswinis Sesaxeb ix. c. kvantaliani, 

1998). 

III III III tipis tipis tipis uGlebas mivakuTvnebT im zmnebs, romelTac Kvela 

mwkrivis forma moepovebaT. zmniswini am tipis zmnebTan sagangebo 

KuradGebas iqcevs. wina SeniSvna upiratesad zmnebs Seexeboda. 

imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria zmniswinis mimarTeba 

zmnur formasTan, ramdenime qveJgufi SeiZleba gamoiKos: 

1. zmnebi, romelTac paraleluri _ zmniswiniani da 

uzmniswino _ formebi aqvs Kvela mwkrivSi (msJelobis simar-


tivisa da suraTis sicxadisaTvis mxolod III piris formas movixmobT): 

awmKo awmKo-mKof 

awmKo mKof mKofadi mKof adi 

uwKvet uwKvet.-xolm 

uwKvet xolm xolm. xolm 

I I kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

wKvetili 

wKvetili 

II II kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

I I Tu TurmeobiTi 

Tu meobiTi 

II II Tu TurmeobiTi 

Tu meobiTi 

III III III kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

(da)-wers 

(da)-werda 

(da)-werdes 

(da)-wera 

(da)-weros 

(da)-uweria 

(da)-ewera 

(da)-eweros 

(ga)-akeTebs 

(ga)-akeTebda 

(ga)-akeTebdes 

(ga)-akeTa 

(ga)-akeTos 

(ga)-ukeTebia 

(ga)-ekeTebina 

(ga)-ekeTebinos 

233 

(mo)-dreks 

(mo)-drekda 

(mo)-drekdes 

(mo)-drika 

(mo)-drikos 

(mo)-udrekia 

(mo)-edrika 

(mo)-edrikos 

am JgufSi Semova moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa ZiriTadi 

nawili. 

2. zmnebi, romelTac mxolod uzmniswino formebi moepoveba 

Kvela mwkrivSi: 


awmKo awmKo mKofadi 



I I I kavSir kavSirebiTi 

kavSir biTi 

wKvetili 

wKvetili 

II II kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

I I Turme TurmeobiTi 

Turme biTi 


Tu meobiTi 

III III kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

gvems 

gvemda 

gvemdes 

gvema 

gvemos 

ugvemia 

egvema 

egvemos 

icxovrebs 

icxovrebda 

icxovrebdes 

icxovra 

icxovros 

ucxovria 

ecxovra 

ecxovros 

iJdeba 

iJdeboda 

iJdebodes 

iJda 

iJdes 

mJdara 

mJdariKo 

mJdariKos 

am qveJgufSi Semova ZiriTadi nawili im zmnebisa, romlebic 

specialur literaturaSi saSuali gvaris zmnaTa monacvled miiCneva 

mKofadis wresa da II-III seriebis mwkrivebSi: iazrovnebs, 

iarsebebs, imetKvelebs, itrialebs (is), ieyvianebs, ieqimebs, igulisxmebs... 

idgeba, iwveba... 

aq gaerTiandeba aseve nawili dinamikuri gardamavali Tu 

gardauvali zmnebisa: amxilebs, awamebs, brZanebs, Sobs, udepeSebs, 

TanaugrZnobs, umzers... asazrdoebs, aSromebs da sxva. 

3. zmnebi, romelTac mxolod zmniswiniani formebi moepovebaT 

Kvela mwkrivSi:

234 


awmKo mKofadi 



I I kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

wKvetili 

wKvetili 

II I kavSirebiTi 

I I Tu TurmeobiTi 

Tu meobiTi 


Tu meobiTi meobiTi 

III III III kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 

kavSirebiTi 


_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

aG-iqvams 

aG-iqvamda 

aG-iqvamdes 

aG-iqva 

aG-iqvas 

aG-uqvams 

aG-eqva 

aG-eqvas 

gan-agrZobs 

gan-agrZobda 

gan-agrZobdes 

gan-agrZo 

gan-agrZos 

gan-ugrZvia 

gan-egrZo 

gan-egrZos 

aGmo-cendeba 

aGmo-cendeboda 

aGmo-cendebodes 

aGmo-cenda 

aGmo-cendes 

aGmo-cenebula 

aGmo-cenebuliKo 

aGmo-cenebuliKos 

am qveJgufSi Semova umTavresad is zmnebi, romelTac zmniswinTa 

arqauli formebi Semoinaxes (aGiarebs, aGnusxavs, auTqvams, 

aGyuravs... ganmuxtavs, ganavrcobs... warmoSobs... STaagonebs...). 

aris sxva SemTxvevebic (dasZens, miirTmevs, miqaravs, mouwodebs...), 

umTavresad iseTi, roca zmniswinis moSoreba zmnas 

leqsikur mniSvnelobas Seucvlis.... 

4. zmnebi, romelTac I seriis mwkrivebSi paraleluri _ 

zmniswiniani da uzmniswino _ formebi moepovebaT, xolo II da III 

seriis mwkrivebSi _ mxolod zmniswiniani: 

awmKo awmKo-mKof 

awmKo mKof mKof. mKof 

uwKv uwKv.-xolm 

uwKv uwKv xolm xolm. xolm 

I I kavSir kavSir. kavSir 

wKvetili 

wKvetili 

II II II kavSir kavSir. kavSir 

I I Turm Turm. Turm 

II II Turm Turm. Turm 

III III III kavSir kavSir. kavSir 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

(ga)-Tbeba 

(ga)-Tbeboda 

(ga)-Tbebodes 

ga-Tba 

ga-Tbes 

ga-mTbara 

ga-mTbariKo 

ga-mTbariKos 

(da)-emaleba 

(da)emaleboda 

(da)-emalebodes 

da-emala 

da-emalos 

da-malvia 

da-malvoda 

da-malvodes 

(ga)-keTdeba 

(ga)-keTdeboda 

(ga)-keTdebodes 

ga-keTda 

ga-keTdes 

ga-keTebula 

ga-keTebuliKo 

ga-keTebuliKos 

am qveJgufSi Semova umTavresad vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi. 

III tipis uGlebis zmnebSi zmniswini polifunqciuria: 

xSirad erTdroulad ramdenime funqciis gamomxatveli. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna a) e. w. medioaqtiur zmnebTan aris tendencia mo mo-, mo 

, 

wa wa- wa zmniswinTa specifikuri funqciiT gamoKenebisa 

(waibavSvebs, waipoetebs... moibeJiTebs, moisulelebs...). 

zmnebi, romlebic amgvari funqciiT ga-


235 

moiKenebs zmniswinebs, mesame JgufSi Seva _ zmniswins 

Kvela mwkrivSi SeinarCunebs. 

b) imisda mixedviT, Tu ra semantikas aniyebs 

zmniswini zmnur formas, erTi da igive zmna sxvadasxva 

zmniswiniT SeiZleba sxvadasxva JgufSi moxvdes. 

g) aseve: SeiZleba erTi da igive zmna zogJer sxvadasxva 

tipis uGlebaSi moxvdes imisda mixedviT, 

Tu ra mniSvnelobiT gamoiKeneba. mag.: scems scems scems _ 

mniSvnelobiT `deda bavSvs scems~ III tipis uGlebisa 

iqneba, xolo mniSvnelobiT `Tma koyebamde 

scems~ _ II tipis uGlebisa. aseve: cris cris _ mniSvnelobiT 

`qali fqvils cris~ III tipis uGlebis 

zmnaa, xolo mniSvnelobiT `wvima cris~ _ II tipis 

uGlebisa. 

mwkrivis formaTa warmoebis SesaZleblobaTa mixedviT zmnebis 

daJgufebam erTi saintereso faqtic warmoaCina: 

a) Tu zmnas aqvs uwKvetel-xolmeobiTisa da I kavSirebiTis 

formebi, aucileblad eqneba awmKo-mKofadis formac. b) Tu 

zmnas aqvs II da III seriis mwkrivTa formebi, aucileblad eqneba I 

seriis mwkrivTa formebic. 

wesi Seqcevadi araa: zmnas SeiZleba hqondes awmKo-mKofadis 

forma, magram ar ewarmoebodes sxva mwkrivis formebi. anda: 

zmnas SeiZleba hqondes I seriis mwkrivTa formebi, magram ar 

ewarmoebodes II da III seriis formebi. 

es faqtebi garkveulad mxars mxars uyers uyers mwkrivTa mwkrivTa tradiciul 

tradiciul 

daJgufebas 

daJgufebas, 

daJgufebas , mis mis marTebulobas 

marTebulobas... 

marTebulobas 

... 

erTi saintereso kanonzomierebac irkveva: Tu zmnas aqvs 

uwKvetel-xolmeobiTis forma, eqneba I kavSirebiTic. aseve _ Tu 

zmnas aqvs wKvetilis forma, eqneba II kavSirebiTic. faqti imiTaa 

saintereso, rom uwKvetel-xolmeobiTi da I kavSirebiTi, erTi 

mxriv, da wKvetili da II kavSirebiTi, meore mxriv, urTierTCanacvlebuli 

formebia. aseTive damokidebuleba araa awmKomKofadsa 

da uwKvetel-xolmeobiTs Soris. es ori mwkrivi erTmaneTs 

xazovani principiT miemarTeba.

236 


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna is, rac iTqva axali qarTulis sistemis magaliTze, 

iTqmis Zveli qarTulisa da dialeqtebis sistemaTa 

mimarTac. gansxvavebuli mwkrivebi am kanonzomierebas 

ar arGvevs. I xolmeobiTi (uwKvetlis 

xolmeobiTi) Canacvlebis principiT miemarTeba 

uwKvetelsa da I kavSirebiTs, xolo II xolmeobiTi 

_ wKvetilsa da II kavSirebiTs. Sesabamisad, 

Tu zmnas aqvs uwKvetlis forma, eqneba uwKvetlis 

xolmeobiTic; aseve: Tu gvaqvs wKvetilis forma, 

gveqneba II xolmeobiTic. sxvagvarad: urTierTCanacvlebad 

formaTagan Tu arsebobs erT-erTi, iqneba 

danarCenic. 

Cveni azriT, JerJerobiT amouxsneli, magram saintereso kanonzomiereba 

Cans dafaruli am faqtebSi. 

$ $ 10 10. 10 

. supletivizmi supletivizmi mwkrivTa mwkrivTa warmoe warmoebaSi 

warmoe warmoebaSi 

baSi 

aGiniSna, rom mwkrivis paradigmaSi erTiandeba zmnis piriani 

formebi, romlebic gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan mxolod 

zmniswiniT, pirisa da ricxvis niSnebiT. zmniswinis, pirisa da 

ricxvis niSnebis CamoSorebiT mwkrivis fuZes viGebT. ese igi: 

mwkrivis paradigmis wevrebisaTvis fuZe saerToa. 

magram aris SemTxvevebi, roca mwkrivis paradigmaSi Semavali 

romelime wevris fuZe sxvaobs mwkrivis saerTo fuZisagan; 

erTi da imave mwkrivis paradigmaSi sxvadasxva fuZe iKris Tavs. 

amgvarad, warmoiqmneba supleturi paradigmebi. 

saerTod, lingvisturi leqsikonebis mixedviT, supletivizmi 

iseTi gramatikuli movlenaa, roca erTi paradigmis fargleb- 

Si xdeba Zirisa Tu fuZis monacvleoba (j. maruzo, 1960; o. axmanova, 

1969). 

qarTuli enis masalaze msJelobisas zmnis sistemaSi supleturad 

miiCneva e. w. ricxvisa Tu mwkrivis mixedviT monacvle zmnebi:


daJda daJda is _ dasxdnen dasxdnen isini 

abia abia is mas _ asxia asxia isini mas 

anda: aris aris _ iqneba iqneba iqneba _ iKo 

iKo 

Svreba Svreba Svreba _ _ izams izams _ qna 

qna 

Kvela SemTxvevaSi saubaria martiv fuZeTa monacvleobaze: 

uGlebis sistemaSi erTsa da imave mwkrivSi Tu sxvadasxva 

mwkrivSi sxvadasxva zmnebia warmodgenili. faqtobriv, am 

SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs semantikuri principis mixedviT 

sxvadasxva zmnaTa erT paradigmaSi gaerTianebisa. amgvar 

SemTxvevebs Cven semantikuri paradigmebi vuwodeT. 

ganmartebis mixedviT supletivizmad unda CaiTvalos ara 

marto martiv fuZeTa, aramed mwkrivTa paradigmaSi saKrdeni 

fuZeebis sxvaobis SemTxvevac. 

rogorc vTqviT, qarTulSi aris SemTxvevebi, roca erTi 

mwkrivis paradigmaSi sxvadasxva saKrdeni fuZea gamoKenebuli. 

magaliTad, Zveli qarTulis: 

val val 

val 

x-val val 

val val-s val 

val val-T val val 

x-val val val-T val 

vlen vlen-an vlen 

mravlobiTi ricxvis III piris vlen vlen saKrdeni fuZe gansxvavebulia 

sxva piris formaTa saKrdeni fuZisagan _ val val. val 

amgvar 

SemTxvevebs vuwodebT Cven supletivizms. 

supleturi paradigmebi qarTulSi ZiriTadad awmKos formebSi 

iCens Tavs; moviKvanT Zveli qarTulis nimuSebs: 

wev 

wev 

gav av 

da 

da 

wvan 

wvan 

gvan gvan 

gvan 

v-wev wev 

s-wev wev 

wev wev-s wev 

v-h-gav gav 

v-wev wev wev-T wev 

s-wev wev wev-T wev 

wwvan 

w 

an an-an an 

v-h-gav gav gav-T 

gav 

237

238 

ƒam 

ƒam 

rwam 

rwam 

dga 

dga 


da 

da 

da 

ƒman 

ƒman 

rwman rwman 

rwman 

dgan 

dgan 

h-gav gav 

h-gav gav gav-s gav 

v-ƒam ƒam ƒam 

h-ƒam ƒam 

ƒam ƒam-s ƒam 

v-h-rwam rwam 

h-rwam rwam 

h-rwam rwam rwam-s rwam 

v-dga dga 

s-dga dga 

dga dga-s dga 

h-gav gav gav-T gav 

h-gvan gvan gvan-an gvan 

v-ƒam ƒam ƒam-T ƒam 

h-ƒam ƒam ƒam-T ƒam 

ƒman ƒman-an ƒman 

v-h-rwam rwam rwam-T rwam 

h-rwam rwam rwam-T rwam 

h-rwman rwman rwman-an rwman 

v-dga dga dga-T dga 

s-dga dga dga-T dga 

dgan dgan-an dgan 

SeniSvna SeniSvna: SeniSvna 1. wev wev wev _ wvan wvan, wvan , Kav Kav _ _ Kvan Kvan, Kvan , gav gav _ _ gvan gvan, gvan , dga dga _ 

_ 

dgan dgan zmnaTa paradigmebi supleturia axal qar- 

TulSic. sxvaobas Zveli qarTulisagan is qmnis, 

rom I-II piris formebma meSveli zmna dairTes: 

v-dga-var 

dga-xar 

dga-s 

v-dga-varT 

dga-xarT 

dgan-an 

2. am SemTxvevaSi Cvens mizans ar Seadgens III piris 

mravlobiTis formaSi dadasturebuli an elementis 

raobis kvleva. arsebiTi isaa CvenTvis, rom es 

elementi saKrdeni fuZis nawilia. Tumca vTqvaT 

isic, rom a. SaniZis azriT, am formebSi an Temis 

niSania, naSTis saxiT SemorCenili (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 416). 

supletur paradigmebs dialeqtebSic vadasturebT. imerulis 

magaliTebia: 

me-v-itan itan 

me-itan itan 

me-itan itan itan-s itan 

me-v-ixmar ixmar 

me-ixmar ixmar 

me-ixmar ixmar ixmar-s ixmar 

we-v-iKvan iKvan 

we-iKvan iKvan 

we-iKvan iKvan iKvan-s 

iKvan


me-v-itan itan itan-T itan 

me-itan itan itan-T itan 

me-itaneb itaneb itaneb-en itaneb 

me-v-ixmar ixmar ixmar-T ixmar 

me-ixmar ixmar ixmar-T ixmar 

me-ixmareb ixmareb ixmareb-en ixmareb 

we-v-iKvan iKvan iKvan-T iKvan 

we-iKvan iKvan iKvan-T iKvan 

we-iKvaneb iKvaneb iKvaneb-en iKvaneb 

mesame piris mravlobiTi ricxvis forma -eb eb Temis niSans 

warmoaCens, rac sxva formebSi ar dasturdeba. 

miuTiTeben agreTve, rom zemoimerulSi -av av TemisniSniani 

Kvela zmna subieqturi mesame piris mravlobiT ricxvSi -ev ev 

sufiqss dairTavs -av av av-is av nacvlad. 

v-xnav xnav 

xnav 

xnav 

xnav xnav-s xnav 

v-xnav xnav xnav-T xnav 

xnav xnav-T xnav 

xnev xnev-en xnev (q. ZoweniZe, 1973). 

saKrden fuZeTa sxvaoba aqac faqtia: xnav xnav da xnev xnev. xnev am 

SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs ara xmovanmonacvleobasTan, aramed av da 

ev elementTa sxvaobasTan. msgavs viTarebaze mianiSneben zemorayulSic 

(S. ZiZiguri, 1970). 

saintereso viTarebaa mesxurSi. aq Taviseburia Temis ni- 

SanTa sistema: saliteraturo qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebel 

Temis niSnebs aq nariani formantebi cvlis: v-baZ-an an (v-baZ-av). 

v-kr-an an (v-kr-av), v-rg-an an an (v-rg-av), v-aq-en en (v-aq-eb), v-icv-an an (v-icvam), 

v-ap-on on (v-ap-ob), v-grZn-on on (v-grZn-ob), v-K-on on (v-K-of)... magram 

àwmKos mr. r. III pirSi aq nebismieri nariani sufiqsis nacvlad 

damowmebulia -eb eb eb~ eb (m. beriZe, 1980). 

v-baZ baZ baZ-an baZ an 

baZ baZ-an baZ an 

baZ baZ-an baZ an an-s an 

v-baZ baZ baZ-an baZ an an-T an 

baZ baZ-an baZ an an-T an 

baZ baZ-eb baZ eb eb-en. eb 

amgvarad, erTi paradigmis farglebSi erTmaneTs daupirispirda 

ori saKrdeni fuZe baZ baZ-an baZ 

an an da baZ baZ-eb baZ 

eb da sxva. 

aseve: v-kr kr kr-an kr an da kr kr-eb kr eb eb-en, eb v-rg rg rg-an rg an da rg rg-eb rg 

eb eb-en, eb v-a-q-en en en da aq-eb 

eb eb-en, eb v-i-cv cv cv-an cv an da i-cv cv cv-eb cv eb eb-en, eb v-a-p-on on º en da a-p-eb eb eb-en eb º a-p-ob ob ob- ob 

en, v-grZn grZn grZn-on grZn on da grZn grZn-eb grZn eb eb-en eb º grZn grZn-ob grZn ob ob-en, ob v-K-on on da K-eb eb eb-en eb 

(`Kofen~) da misT. 

239

240 


gansakuTrebiT sainteresod gveCveneba is faqti, rom erTi 

mwkrivis paradigmaSi gansxvavebul fuZes subieqturi mesame piris 

mravlobiTi ricxvis forma gamoiKenebs. Tu Zveli qarTulis 

val val-s val da vlen vlen-an vlen tipis supletivizms raime arqauli movlenis 

niSnad miviCnevT, amasve ver vitKviT dialeqtur monacemTa mimarT: 

aq aSkarad axal tendenciasTan gvaqvs saqme, Tumca principi 

supletivizmisa araa axali, faqtia Zvel qarTulSic. 

dasmul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa Zvel qar- 

TulSi -av av da -am am am TemisniSnian zmnaTa uwKvetlis warmoeba. 

rogorc cnobilia, av da am TemisniSnian zmnaTa uwKvetlis 

paradigmaSi gansxvavebul viTarebas gviCvenebs I-II piris formebi 

III pirTan mimarTebiT. 

v-kl kl kl-ev kl ev ev-d-(i) ev 

h-kl kl kl-ev kl ev ev-d-(i) ev 

kl kl-v-id kl id id-a id 

v-kl kl kl-ev kl ev ev-d-i-T ev 

h-kl kl kl-ev kl ev ev-d-i-T ev 

kl kl-v-id kl id id-es id 

v-dg dg dg-em dg em em-d-(i) em 

s-dg dg dg-em dg em em-d-(i) em 

dg dg-m-id dg 

id id-a id 

v-dg dg dg-em dg em em-d-i-T em 

s-dg dg dg-em dg em em-d-i-T em 

dg dg-m-id dg 

id id-es id 

vvaraudobT, rom III piris formebSi gamovlenili -id id id morfologiurad 

damoukidebeli odenobaa, d-s badali (ix. $ 14). 

v, , m ki -av av av, av , -am am sufiqsTa fonetikuri (xmovandakarguli) varianti. 

amdenad, I-II pirisaTvis kl kl-ev kl ev ev-d ev saKrdeni fuZe gamoiKofa, IIIsaTvis 

kl kl-v-id kl id id. id saKrden fuZeTa sxvaoba aSkaraa. supletivizmic 

faqtia. sainteresod gveCveneba is, rom am SemTxvevaSic III piris 

forma upirispirdeba I-II piris formebs... 

msgavsi viTareba qarTuli enis dialeqtebSicaa damowmebuli: 

TuSurSi, xevsurulsa da fSaur dialeqtebSi, rogorc 

aGiniSna, xolmeobiTis warmoeba amave principzea damKarebuli: I- 

II piris formaSi -id id (TuSur-xevsurulSi) an -od od (fSaurSi) 

formantebia warmodgenili, mesame pirSi _ ara: 

xevsuruli _ v-aG aG aG-id aG id id-˜ id 

aG aG-id aG id id-˜ id 

aG aG-i-s aG 

v-aG aG aG-id aG id id-i-T id 

aG aG-id aG id id-i-T id 

aG aG-i-an 

aG


fSauri _ v-aG aG aG-od aG od od-i od 

aG aG-od aG od od-i od 

aG aG-i-s aG 

v-aG aG aG-od aG od od-i-T od 

aG aG-od aG od od-i-T od 

aG aG-i-an aG 

mesame piris formaTa saKrdeni fuZe I-II pirisagan aqac sxvaobs. 

supletivizmi aqac faqtia. 

Tu Zvel qarTulSi awmKosa da uwKvetelSi supleturi 

warmoeba mwkrivTa paradigmebisa mxolod garkveuli tipis zmna- 

TaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli (awmKoSi statikur zmnebTan, xolo 

uwKvetelSi av da am TemisniSnebTan), zogma dialeqtma (mag. mesxurma) 

es principi awmKoSi Kvela zmnaze gaavrcela... aseve bolomdea 

gatarebuli es principi xolmeobiTebis warmoebaSi Tu- 

SurSi, xevsurulsa da fSaurSi. 

Zveli Tu axali saliteraturo enisa da dialeqtebis monacemTa 

gamowvlilviT Seswavla albaT faqtebs gaamravlebs. saki- 

Txis dasmisaTvis, vfiqrobT, esec sakmarisia. 

supletivizmi mwkrivTa warmoebaSi sagangebo movlenaa. igi 

arGvevs mwkrivis paradigmis agebis saerTo princips _ mwkrivis 

saKrdeni fuZis princips (gavixsenoT: mwkrivi aerTianebs mxolod 

pirisa da ricxvis niSnebiT gansxvavebul formebs): erTi mwkrivis 

paradigmaSi Semaval formebs saerTo saKrdeni fuZe unda 

hqondeT; sxvadasxva saKrdeni fuZe sxvadasxva mwkrivis formaTa 

warmoebis safuZvelia... supletivizmis movlena axsnas moiTxovs... 

Cven amJerad faqtis aGweriT vkmaKofildebiT. 

241

nawili nawili 

nawili 

meore meore 

meore 

Tavi Tavi mesame 

mesame 

Tavi Tavi meoTxe meoTxe 

meoTxe 

Tavi Tavi mexuTe 

mexuTe 

Tavi Tavi meeqvse 

meeqvse 

zmnuri zmnuri formawarmoebis formawarmoebis sakiTxebi 

sakiTxebi 

pirisa pirisa da da ricxvis ricxvis niSanTa niSanTa sistem sistemis sistem is sakiTxebi 

sakiTxebi 

qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

I I seriis seriis formaTa formaTa warmoebis warmoebis sakiTxebi 

sakiTxebi 

sakiTxebi 

II seriis seriis formaTa warmoebis sakiTxebi 

III II sseriis 

s eriis formaTa warmoebis sakiTxebi

Tavi Tavi III III. III pirisa da ricxvis niSanTa sistemis 

sakiTxebi qarTulSi 

$ $ 11 11. 11 

. kiTxvebi kiTxvebi da SeniSvnebi subieqturi meore 

da da da obieqturi obieqturi mesa mesame mesa 

me me piris piris niSanTa niSanTa Sesaxeb Sesaxeb 

11 11....1 11 11 1 1 1 ````xan xan xanme xanme 

meto meto 

toba toba 

ba~~~~____````ha ba ha haeeeeme ha me meto meto 

tobis tobis~ 

bis bis~ 

~ ~ Ta Taooooba Ta Ta ba baze baze 

ze ze 

mgoni arcerT movlenas qarTuli zmnis analizisas imdeni 

KuradGeba ar miqcevia, ramdenic subieqturi meore da obieqtu- 

ri mesame (S2O3) piris niSnebs. praqtikul gramatikebs ar vgulisxmob 

me amJerad (iqac Jerovnad iKo masze msJeloba). 

es movlena sagangebo mecnieruli Seswavlis sagani gaxda 

a. S a n i Z i s gamokvlevaSi `qarTuli kiloebi mTaSi~ (1915 w.) 

da misive sadoqtoro disertaciaSi(1919 w.). 

movlenis ganviTarebis istoriaSi sami etapi gamoiKofa _ 

xanmetoba, haemetoba da sannarevoba. 

x a n m e t i Zeglebi TariGdeba V-VII saukuneebiT, h a e m e - 

t i Zeglebi _ VII-IX saukuneebiT, s a n n a r e v i Zeglebi dasturdeba 

IX saukunidan. 

movlenis Seswavlis istoriidan: 

x a n m e t o b i s a T v i s pirvelad (Cveni Tvalsawieridan) 

giorgi mTawmidels miuqcevia KuradGeba: `vinc vin daswerdeT, 

Tu amisgan Jer-giCndes dawera , GmrTisaT‚s sitKuaTa nu scvalebT, 

aramed viTarca aqa sweria, egre dawereT; da Tu ara 

ra me gaSundes, Cuenni Kovelni saxarebani pirveliTgan wmidad 

Targmnilnia da keTilad _ xan xanmet xan xanmet 

metni 

nica 

ca da sabawmindurnica~ (a. 

SaniZe, 1981, gv. 283)... terimni `xanmeti~ gamocanad rCeboda... 

gasuli saukunis ocian wlebSi qarTul filologiaSi sworupovar 

aGmoCenad iqna miCneuli xanmeti teqstebis mikvleva; gairkva 

termini xan xanmet xan xanmet 

met-is met mniSvneloba; analogiiT Seiqmna termini 

ha haeme ha 

me meti 

ti. ti 

xanmeti teqstebis aGmoCenas misi aGmomCeni i v a n e J a v a -

246 


x i S v i l i ase afasebs: `viTarca saqristiano mwerlobis uZvels 

Zeglebs, maT mniSvneloba aqvT, rasakvirvelia, saerTod mecnierebisaTvis 

_ saxarebisa, dabadebisa da apokriful nawarmoebTa 

teqstis istoriisa da kritikisaTvis, magram metadre qar- 

Tuli filologiuri mecnierebisaTvisaa Zvirfasi. es Zeglebi, misTvis 

unda Seiqmnes qvakuTxedad rogorc qarTuli damwerlobisa 

da mwerlobis Zeglebi, es xelnawerebi ara erTi qarTuli 

enaTmecnierebisa, mwerlobisa da kulturis istoriis pirvelxarisxovani 

sadavo sakiTxebis gadayris saSualebasac gvaZleven~ (i. 

JavaxiSvili, 1949, gv. 297-298). 

a k a k i S a n i Z i s Sefaseba: ùZvelesi qarTuli teqstebis 

aGmoCena farTo horozontebs gviSlis Tvalwin mravalmxriv. 

Tu JerJerobiT ar xerxdeba maTi qronologiurad gansazGvra 

sruli zedmiwevnilobiT, is mainc cxadia, rom aq, Kovel SemTxvevaSi, 

arabobamdel literaturasTan gvaqvs saqme. maSasadame, arab- 

Ta Semosevis wina xanebSi (e. i. meSvide saukunis naxevramde) arsebuli 

qarTuli mwerloba ar daGupula ise katastrofulad, 

rogorc es aqamomde gvegona, vinaidan, Cvenda bedad, zogi ram am 

epoqisa daGupvisagan gadaurCenia palimfsestebs. es faqti 

uaGresi mniSvnelobisaa rogorc literaturisa da enis istoriis, 

ise paleografiisaTvisac. amieridan qarTuli istoriuli dialeqtologia 

mkveTr safuZvels poulobs da SesaZlebeli xdeba 

mravali bundovani istoriul-literaturuli sakiTxis gamorkveva~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 281-282). 

ga gaxse ga 

xse xsene 

nebi 

bisa 

saTvis 

Tvis: Tvis x a n m e t ZeglebSi x gamoxatavda: a) subieqtur 

meore pirs (x-ar, x-akeTeb...); b) obieqtur mesame pirs (Sex-uabT, 

mi-x-ca...); g) awarmoebda ufroobiTi xarisxis formebs (xumJobÀs, 

x-udidÀs...); d) gvqonda i-nian vnebiTebSi (x-iKo, x-iqmna...). 

haemet ZeglebSi xanis adgils hae iyers (hcemdes, hyamT, 

h‚Kav...). 

sannarev periodSi garkveul fonetikur garemoSi h-s enacvleba 

s (dTt Zcw JCy Tanxmovnebis win); danarCeni Tanxmovnebis 

win h aris warmodgenili. sxva SemTxvevaSi (xmovnebisa da zogJer 

zogierT TanxmovanTa win) h ikargeba. 

sainteresoa: ra cvlilebasac ganicdis prefiqsi erT SemTxvevaSi 

(gamoKenebis oTxi SemTxvevidan), igive cvlileba xdeba

Tavi III. pirisa da ricxvis niSanTa sistemis sakiTxebi qarTulSi 247 

sxva SemTxvevaSic. erTi `gamonaklisi~: haemet da sannarev Zegleb- 

Si SemorCenilia ori xanmeti forma: x-ar, x-val (x-ved). da erTerTi 

arsebiTi kiTxva: ram ram ram gamo gamoiw gamo gamoiw 

iwvia iw via am ori for formis for 

mis mis Semo Semonax Semo 

nax naxva 

va? va 

amas fonologiuri safuZveli ar unda hqondes. 

v-ar 

x-ar 

ar-s 

mo-ved 

mo-x-ued 

mo-vida 

erTgan xmovniswina poziciaSia Semonaxuli prefiqsi, meoregan 

_ Tanxmovniswina poziciaSi; Tu meore SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba 

daSveba imisa, rom I da II piris formaTa sxvaobisaTvis Semogvenaxa 

x (Sdr.: brZanebiTi II pirisa _ mo-ved!), amasve ver vitKviT 

pirvel SemTxvevaSi _ sxvaoba isedac gveqneboda... arada, es ori 

zmna am formiT gvxvdeba qarTuli enis ganviTarebis Kvela etapze, 

Kvela dialeqtsa Tu samwerlobo qarTulSi. 

ra xdeba? axsna yirs... gamonaklisia... 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna v. Tofurias mowafe (b. JorbenaZe) igonebda: v. Tofuria 

itKoda, ana analo ana analo 

logia lo gia da gamo gamonak gamo 

nak nakli 

lisi si ga gayir ga 

yir- 

ve vebis ve bis ax axsna ax 

sna snaao... sna ... cnobili Segonebaa: Kvela `gamonakliss~ 

aqvs wesi... `gamonaklisad~ rCeba faqti 

manam, sanam am wess mivagnebT... zemowarmodgenili 

gamonaklisis wesi ucnobia... 

principuli xasiaTisa aris problema x a n m e t o b i s a da 

h a e m e t o b i s urTierTmimarTebisa. 

gavixsenebT: x a n m e t i Z e g l e b i qronologiurad win 

uswrebs h a e m e t Z e g l e b s. udavod momxiblavi Cans a. S a - 

n i Z i s e u l i axsna am faqtisa: `CemTvis ueyvelia, rom gansxvaveba 

maT Soris imdenad qronologiuri ki ar aris, ramdenad dialeqturi, 

e. i. isini imdenad sxvadasxva epoqas ki ar ekuTvnian, 

ramdenad sxvadasxva kilos. xanmeti teqstebi erT kilozea dawerili 

da haemeti ki _ meoreze~ (a. SaniZe, 1923, gv. 311). saer- 

Tod, erTi da imave faqtis orgvari (an mravalgvari) gamoxatvis 

SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva dialeqturi warmomavlobis moSvelieba SeiZleba 

martiv gamosavlad miviCnioT (iseve, rogorc analogia da

248 


gamonaklisi _ xSir SemTxvevaSi), magram gvgonia, rom xanmetobahametebis 

SemTxvevaSi dialeqturi faqtoris moSvelieba damaJerebeli 

Cans. aq erTi seriozuli kiTxvaa: dialeqturi saxesxvaobani 

erTi da imave qronologiuri donis monacemebi unda iKos; 

aq ki sxvadasxva donis monacemebzea saubari: xanmetoba V-VII saukuneebis 

faqtia, haemetoba _ VII-IX saukuneebis. a. S a n i Z i s pasuxi 

am kiTxvaze: ìs garemoeba, rom Cvenamde moGweuli xanmeti 

teqstebi qronologiurad win uswrebs haemet teqstebs da uciloblad 

Zvelia maTze, ra Tqma unda, TavisTavad Jer kidev ar 

wKvets sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, TiTqo qarTuli literatura paralelurad 

ar arsebobda haemet kilozedac; an kidev, rom xanmeti 

literatura sazogadod ueyvelad xnieri iKos haemetze. magram 

kidevac rom gamoirkves sabolood, rom swored xanmeti iKo is 

kilo, romelmac safuZveli CauKara qarTul saliteraturo enas, 

es mainc ar mogvcems imis sabuTs, rom hae istoriulad xanis 

ganviTarebis meore safexurad vcnoT... xanmeti kilo saqarTvelos 

samxreT-aGmosavleT kuTxeSi iKo (ase vTqvaT, mcxeTa-bolnisis 

raionsa da mimdgom mxareebSi), xolo haemeti kilo ki mis 

dasavleTiT~ (a. SaniZe, iqve, gv. 361). 

xanmetoba-haemetobis dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis saki- 

Txi dasvams am mawarmoebelTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs _ ro- 

ro 

me melia me 

lia amo amosa amo amosa 

sava 

vali va li va vari va vari 

rian 

anti 

ti? ti 

i. JavaxiSvilis azriT, amosavalia qronologiurad uwinaresi: 

x prefiqsi saerTo-qarTveluri monacemi Cans, amosavali saxea 

prefiqsisa da h misgan miviGeT _ x → h (i. JavaxiSvili, 1922-23, 

gv. 365). 

a. SaniZe piriqiT process varaudobs _ x-sagan h-s miGeba 

araa mosalodneli: `x prefiqsi ar SeiZleboda fonetikur niadagze 

gadasuliKo h-Si, ramdenadac qarTul enas saerTod ar 

axasiaTebs x-s dasusteba da h-Ti Secvla~ (a. SaniZe, iqve). 

arn. Ciqobavas azriT, rogorc erTi (x), ise meore (h) prefiqsisaTvis 

amosavalia s: `safiqrebelia, es s- prefiqsi (warmomavlobiT 

nivTis gramatikuli klasis niSani _ g. g.) iKo amosava- 

li xºh formantebisaTvis, S2 da O3-is rolSi rom gamodian: 

raGac gardamavali bgera (hºs) erT SemTxvevaSi s-d Kalibdeba, 

meoreSi h-d qceula, Semdeg ikargvis (zanurSi). am gardamavali 

bgerisagan SeiZleboda x-c migveGo~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1953, gv. 59).


r. enuqiSvili Tvlis, rom h h da x x erTmaneTs geneturad ar 

ukavSirdeba: `Tavdapirvelad, qarTveluri enebis erTobis adrin- 

del safexurze, S2 da O3 pirebs sxvadasxva niSani gamoxatavda: S2 

xaniT aGiniSneboda (....), xolo O3 _ haeTi...~ (r. enuqiSvili, 

1976, gv. 178). 

saintereso suraTia: 

a) x → h 

b) h → x 

g) s → hºx 

d) h da s araa erTmaneTTan genetur kavSirSi 

da, Cveni azriT, Kvelaze saintereso varianti: S2O3-is `prefiqsebis 

ori saxeoba h- da x- ar unda KofiliKo fonemurad gansxvavebuli 

ori bgera h da x. meore subieqturi da mesame obieqturi 

pirebis aGmniSvnelad dasaxelebul epoqaSi (da ufro adrec) 

qarTul zmnebs unda hqonoda erTi da igive laringaluri (Tu: 

laringalur-faringaluri) spiranti h, romelic, zogan ufro 

Grmad gamoTqmuli, iZleoda ukanaenismieri x spirantis STabeydilebas. 

zog ZeglSi am afiqsis xaniTa da zogSi haeTi aGniSvna 

arsebiTad grafikuli xasiaTis sxvaoba unda KofiliKo. e. i. 

erTma literaturulma skolam am laringalur-faringaluri bgeris 

gadmosacemad hae aso ixmara, xolo meorem xani airCia~ _ es 

g. r o g a v a s azria (g. rogava, 1991, gv. 147). e. i. avtoris azriT, 

sxvaoba grafikul gamoxatulebaSia. erTi da igive bgera 

sxvadasxvagvarad gamoixateba or dialeqtur zonaSi... ise isic 

iTqmis: iseTi zusti anbanuri sistemis (vgulisxmob Sesabamisobas 

bgeriT sistemasTan) SemTxvevaSi ramdenad mosalodnelia aseTi 

grafikuli Seusabamoba?.. da mainc: es Tvalsazrisi gvibiZgebs am- 

gvari dazustebisaken: S2O3-s aGmniS aGmniSvne aGmniS 

vne vneli vne li h h da da s s pre prefiq pre prefiq 

fiqse 

sebi se bi 

ref refleq ref refleq 

leqse leqse 

sebia bia uka ukana uka 

na nane 

nenis nenis 

nismi 

mieri mi ri rTu rTuli rTu li bge bgeri bge bgeri 

risa 

sa; sa ; igi igi da daikar da 

kar karga kar ga da 

di dialeqt di leqt leqtTa leqt Ta or or Jguf JgufSi Jguf Si mo mogvca mo gvca sxva sxvadas sxva 

das dasxva das xva ref refleq ref refleq 

leqsi leqsi 

si: si : erT erTgan erT 

gan hh, 

h , 

me meore me 

re regan re an xx. 

x 

es Tvalsazrisi (amgvari dazustebiT) mxars uyers xanmetoba-haemetobis 

dialeqtur Teorias; magram ras SeiZleba daemKaros 

es Tvalsazrisi? 

amgvari ram, rTuli bgeris daSla da sxvadasxva refleqsis 

warmodgena sxvadasxva idiomaSi, araa ucxo qarTuli enisaTvis 

(aGaras vambob, vTqvaT, daGestnis enebis rTul bgeraTa refleq-

250 


sebze. amis Taobaze ix. arn. Ciqobava, 1979; m. qurdiani, 2007...). 

qarTulSi dadasturebulia SemTxvevebi, roca dezafrikatizacia 

SeiZleba moxdes orive mimarTulebiT: afrikatma mogvces, 

erTi mxriv, xSuli bgera da, meore mxriv, _ spirantebi: 

a) af afri af 

ri rika 

kati ka ti → xSu xSuli xSu li 

Z → d: eZeba → samxreT qarTluri: edeba; korZebiani → samxreT 

qarTluri: kordebiani... 

c → T zarmaci → imeruli: zarmaTi; ficxlav → qarTluri: 

fiTxlav... 

w → t: swavlobs → guruli, imeruli: stavlobs; swori 

→ stori... 

b) af afri af afri 

rika 

kati ka ti → spi spiran spi spiran 

ranti ran ti 

Z → z: niZlavi → imeruli: nizlavi; taZari → imeruli: 

tazari, moiZule → imeruli: moizule... 

c → s: ciskari → xevsuruli: siskari; cximi → moxeuri: 

sximi... 

w → z: aiweva → imeruli: eizeva (b. JorbenaZe, 1997, gv. 

483...). 

amgvari procesis arsebobis SesaZlebloba qarTulSi erTi 

mxarea am daSvebisaTvis; meore, rac amKarebs, Cveni azriT, am varauds, 

aris mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTulSi (da, saerTod, 

kavkasiur enebSi) amosavali iKo TanxmovanTa rTuli sistema: 

g. r o g a v a s azriT, `qarTvelur enebSi faringaluri xSulebic, 

rogorc saerTod xSulebi, unda KofiliKo oTxeulebrivi 

sistemisa~ (g. rogava, 1946, gv. 6); 

saerTo qarTvelurSi sisin-SiSina spirantTa da afrikatTa 

ormag wKvileulebs varaduobs v a c l a v p o l a k i (v. polaki, 

1955, gv. 77...). 

sisin-SiSina bgeraTa ufro rTul sistemas varaudoben qar- 

Tvelur enaTa erTobis xanisaTvis k. h. Smidti (k. Smidti, 1962) 

da g. mayavariani (g. mayavariani, 1965). 

istoriulad la late la late 

tera tera 

rale 

lebis le bis arsebobas varaudobs qarTulSi 

belgieli enaTmecnieri van-ginekeni (van-ginekeni, 1938)... 

marTalia, am TvalsazrisTagan zogma seriozuli kritika


daimsaxura (ix.: arn. Ciqobava, 1979, gv. 74...), magram es ar aris 

amjamad Cveni interesis sagani, Cveni daSvebisaTvis, vfiqrobT, 

gvaqvs safuZveli... kerZod: S2O3 prefiqsebi x x da h h istoriulad 

arsebuli rTuli bgeris refleqsebi SeiZleba iKos... 

11 11....2222. 11 11 . . . ki kiTxve ki kiTxvebi 

Txve Txvebi 

bi bi S2O3333----is is is is gamoxat gamo gamo gamoxat 

xatvis xatvis 

vis vis gamo; gamo gamo gamo; 

; ; ``Zi 

`` 

Zi Ziri Ziri 

riTa riTa 

Tadi Tadi 

di~~~~ di 

da da da da ```àra araZi ara araZi 

ZirrrriiiiTa Zi Ta Tadi Tadi 

di~ di~ 

~ ~ we wesi we wesi 

si... si... 

... ... 

kiTxvebi, cxadia, kvlavac darCeba; Tundac, masalobrivad 

(da, albaT, geneturadac) erTi da igive prefiqsebi ratom gamoxataven 

morfologiurad ase mkveTrad gansxvavebul odenobebs _ 

II subieqtur pirsa da III obieqtur pirs? 

a r n. C i q o b a v a s azriT: `pirovani uGvlebis TvalsazrisiT 

gaugebaria da axsnas moiTxovs is faqti, rom erTi da igive 

prefiqsi (x-, h-) aGniSnavs meore piris subieqtsac da mesame piris 

obieqtsac micemiTSi (Tu aq omonimur prefiqsebTan ar 

gvaqvs saqme)...~ es faqti `klasovani uGvlilebis gamoZaxili Cans~ 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1979, gv. 181). am Temaze msJelobis gagrZelebas 

ar vapirebT; axsna friad saintereso gveCveneba, Tumca kiTxvis 

niSani mainc ar moixsneba... 

aris erTi arsebiTi xasiaTis SekiTxva; SekiTxvis winapiroba 

aseTia: 

rogorc pirveli, ise meore da mesame subieqturi pirebis 

niSanTa gamovlena araa damokidebuli, romeli brunvis formi- 

Taa gamoxatuli esa Tu is subieqturi piri; Kvela SemTxvevaSi 

piris niSani erTgvaradaa warmodgenili. sakiTxi aseve dgas I da 

II obieqturi pirebis SemTxvevaSi _ ar aris garCeva pirdapiri 

da iribi obieqtebisa gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT. rogorc Tvlian, 

mxolod mesame obieqturi piris gamoxatva aris gansxvavebuli 

imis mixedviT, pirdapiri obieqtia Tu iribi. 

Zveli qarTulisaTvis ganvixilavT sannarevi Zeglebis viTarebas; 

xanmet da haemet ZeglebSi ZiriTadi wesi igivea, magram saanalizo 

masalis simcirea. amitom gviJobs sannarev periodze saubari. 

`me-3 irib-obieqturi piris niSani aris h an misi bgeranacvali, 

e. i. xmovnebis win araferi (radganac aq h dakargulia), 

kbilismierisa da nunismieri Tanxmovnebis win aris s, miGebuli

252 


h-sagan. es Tanxmovnebia: tdT; wZc; yJC~ (a. SaniZe, 1976, gv. 65). 

`me me me-3 me pir pirda pir pirda 

dapir 

pir-obi pir obi obieq 

eqtu 

turi tu ri pi piris pi 

ris ni niSan ni niSan 

Sani. San gardamavali zmnis 

pirdapir-obieqtur pirs II seriis formebSi niSani ara aqvs... I 

seriaSi ki pirdapir-obieqtur pirs SeiZleba niSani hqondes garkveul 

SemTxvevaSi~ (a. SaniZe, iqve). es `garkveuli SemTxvevebi~ 

Semdeg zustdeba: `saKuradGeboa, rom pirdapiri obieqti, romelic 

saxelobiT brunvaSi dgas II seriis mwkrivTa formebTan, Tu 

igi me-3 pirisaa, zmnaSi ar aisaxeba (iq SeiZleba misi ricxvic aisaxos). 

magram I seriaSi igi aisaxeba zmniswinian formebSi TiTqmis 

Kvelgan, uzmniswinoSi ki _ ara, zogierTi gamonaklisis 

garda~ (a. SaniZe, 1976, gv. 91). am zogierT gamonaklisze visaubrebT, 

magram aq ramdenime saintereso kiTxva daismis: 

ratom ar aisaxeba saxelobiTSi dasmuli obieqti? arn. Ciqobavas 

azriT, amgvar kiTxvasac Soreul istoriul wasrulSi 

aqvs kvali: àmrigad, zmnaSi micemiTi brunvis piri aGiniSneba, 

mravlobiToba _ ara, saxelobiTSi Tua obieqti, misi piri ar 

aGiniSneba, mravlobiToba ki aGiniSneba... Zveli qarTulis es Tavisebureba 

klasovani uGvlilebis cnobil princips warmogvidgens: 

gardamavali zmna klasovani uGvlilebis normebis Sesabamisad 

mxolod obieqts (ùaxloes obieqts~) eTanxmeba: am obieqtis 

klassa da ricxvs aGniSnavs (subieqtis arc klasi, arc ricxvi 

gardamavali zmnis formebSi ara Cans)~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1979, gv. 

182-183). 

pirdapiri obieqtis gamoxatva I seriaSi ratomaa damokidebuli 

zmniswinis mqoneobaze, roca sakiTxi ase ar dgas iribi 

obieqtis mimarT? sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT: Tu pirdapiri obieqti 

I seriaSi imitom gamoisaxeba, rom micemiTSia, zmniswiniani da 

uzmniswino formebi ra SuaSia? TvalsaCinoebisaTvis warmovadgenT 

awmKosa da wKvetilis paradigmebs orpiriani (mxolod pirdapirobieqturi) 

da sampiriani (sadac iribi obieqticaa) zmnebisaTvis: 

v-wer 

s-wer 

wer-s 

orpiriani sampiriani 

da-v-s-wer 

da-s-wer 

da-s-wer-s 

v-s-cem 

s-cem 

s-cem-s 

mi-v-s-cem 

mi-s-cem 

mi-s-cem-s


v-wer-T 

s-wer-T 

wer-en 

v-suam 

h-suam 

suam-s 

v-suam-T 

h-suam-T 

sum-en 

da-v-s-wer-T 

da-s-wer-T 

da-s-wer-en 

Se-v-h-suam 

Se-h-suam 

Se-h-suam-s 

Se-v-h-suam-T 

Se-h-suam-T 

Se-h-sum-en 

v-s-cem-T 

s-cem-T 

s-cem-en 

v-h-kiTxav 

h-kiTxav 

h-kiTxav-s 

v-h-kiTxav-T 

h-kiTxav-T 

h-kiTxv-en 

mi-v-s-cem-T 

mi-s-cem-T 

mi-s-cem-en 

am movlenis gamo T. uTurgaiZe wers: `Zvel qarTulSi micemiTSi 

dasmuli obieqtis mesame piri KovelTvis gamoixateboda. 

ara hqonda mniSvneloba imas, obieqti iribi iKo Tu pirdapiri. 

aqedan kargad Cans, rom h > 0 fonematur niadagze dawKebula uzmniswino 

formebSi /h/-s fonematuri SeuTavseblobis gamo. zmniswinian 

formebSi ki mas dakargvisagan zniswinis xmovani icavda garkveuli 

drois ganmavlobaSi~ (T. uTurgaiZe, 1980, gv. 21-22). 

kiTxva mainc Cndeba: Tu piris niSnis SenarCuneba orpiriani 

zmnebis zmniswinian variantSi da, Sesabamisad, dakargva uzmniswinoebSi 

fonologiuri procesebis Sedegia, igive procesebi ratom 

ar xdeba sampirian zmnebSi (anu sadac gvaqvs iribi obieqti)? 

es wesi (micemiTSi dasmul pirdapir obieqts niSani aqvs 

zmniswinian formebSi) mkacrad aris gatarebuli xevsurul dialeqtSi, 

romelSic araerTi arqauli movlenaa SemorCenili (i. 

imnaiSvili, 1971, gv. 139). es faqti, vfiqrobT, kidev ufro aqtualurs 

xdis dasmul kiTxvas: ra SuaSia zmniswini?.. 

miT umetes, aris erTi Jgufi orpiriani gardamavali zmne- 

bisa, romlebic I seriaSi uzmniswino formebSic gamoavlenen O3is 

niSnebs: h-guems, h-povebs, s-stanJavs, s-cnobs... es is zmnebia, 

romlebic ar dairTaven zmniswins; aris iseTi zmnebic, romlebsac 

moepovebaT zmniswiniani da uzmniswino formebi da orive Se- 

mTxvevaSi dairTaven O3-is niSans: s-devnis _ war-s-devnis, h-gmobs 

_ gan-h-gmobs, x-iTxovs _ gamo-x-iTxovs, h-kurnebs _ gan-h-kurnebs, 

s-tkebnis _ da-s-tkebnis, h-faravs _ da-h-faravs, h-Kofs _ gan-h- 

Kofs da sxvani (i. da v. imnaiSvilebi, 1996, gv. 42-43)...

254 


aq saubroben `ZiriTad wesze~ da `gamonaklisebze~ da Ziri- 

Tadi wesidan gadaxvevasa da am formebs dialeqturi warmoSobiT 

xsnian (èrT-erTi Zveli dialeqtis Semonatani unda iKoso~ _ i. 

da v. imnaiSvilebi, 1996, gv. 46). saerTod, dialeqturi saxesxvaobiT 

axsna movlenisa sainteresoa, magram zogJer, rogorc 

vTqviT, `dialeqturoba~ ànalogiisa~ da `gamonaklisis~ gverdiT 

dgeba da `gayirvebis axsnas~ ufro Camohgavs... 

niSandoblivia isic, rom Kvela am SemTxvevaSi II seriis 

formebi piris niSnis gareSea warmodgenili. es, TavisTavad, 

adasturebs imas, rom obieqtis brunvas arsebiTi mniSvneloba 

aqvs, magram wer wer-s, wer , yam yam-s yam 

da h-Kofs Kofs Kofs, Kofs , h-gvems gvems tipis formaTa arseboba 

mainc asaxsnelia... ratom aris `Kovlad SeuZlebeli~ hklavs 

an moklavs, hmusravs an Semusravs, swers an dawers... (i. da v. imnaiSvilebi, 

1996, gv. 42), magram SesaZlebelia h-gmobs da gan-hgmobs 

da misTanani... es rTul kiTxvad gveCveneba... 

am konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT e. w. `dahbada~ tipis zmnebic. 

es orpiriani zmnebia pirdapir obieqtiani, da ara mxolod I 

seriaSi, II seriaSic dairTaven piris niSnebs: da-h-bada (man igi), 

aG-h-marTa da-h-fla, da-h-marxa, da-h-nerga, da-h-beyda, da-s-Tesa, 

da-h-ƒSa da sxva, sul ociode zmna. am zmnaTa istoriis gaTvaliswinebiT 

movlenis axsna xerxdeba: ès zmnebi warmoSobiT sampirianebia, 

amas adasturebs vnebiTi gvaris formaTa warmoeba maTgan 

_ vnebiTi maT e-Ti aqvT nawarmoebi, rogorc Cveulebriv sam-pirian 

zmnebs _ da-h-bada _ da-e-bada...~ (a. SaniZe, 1976, gv. 103). 

e. i. daekarga iribi obieqti (da-h-bada man igi *mas), forma ucvleli 

darCa da piris niSanma `misamarTi Seicvala~ _ zmnaSi 

darCenil pirdapir obieqts miemarTa; es aris arsebiTi cvlileba, 

romelic am tipis zmnebma ganicades; ase rom: da-h-bad-a man 

igi _ h miemarTeba pirdapir obieqts, Tumca istoriulad misi 

niSani ar iKo. dGevandeli analiziT pirdapiri obieqtis niSnad 

aGiqmeba. Tumca egec kiTxvis sagania: Tu s-Zinav-s formaSi -s dakarguli 

piris niSnad gaiazreba da ara `zedmet~ piris niSnad, 

ratom ar vTvliT da dahba da dahba 

hbada hba tipis zmnebSi h-s dakarguli piris 

niSnad da ratom miviCnevT analizisas mas zmnaSi warmodgenili 

obieqtis niSnad?... 

`Semdeg da Semdeg zmnis Sinaarsis Secvlam mxari auba formebsac 

da h da s TandaTan gaqra~ (i. da v. imnaiSvilebi, 1996, gv.


61). Sinaarsobrivi da formobrivi cvlilebebis urTierTmimar- 

Tebis Taobaze `dahbada~ tipis zmnebSi momxdari cvlilebebi 

uaGresad sainteresoa: 

i K o: da-h-bad-a man igi mas. misi konversiuli formaa da-ebad-a 

igi mas. 

S e m d e g i e t a p i _ da-hbad-a man igi (maszed _ iribi 

obieqti iqca ubralo damatebad da Semdeg saerTod qreba) konversiuli 

formaa da-e-bada igi. morfologiurad Seusabamobaa: 

saxelobiTSi dasmul pirs aqvs h- prefiqsi; erTpiriani vnebiTi 

aris e-niani. Sinaarsi da forma acda erTmaneTs. xdeba formis 

misadageba SinaarsTan: 

S e m d e g i e t a p i _ dabada man igi; konversiuli formaa 

da-i-bada igi. Sinaarssa da formas Soris Sesabamisoba zustia. 

SeiZleboda gvefiqra: da-h-bada tipis zmnebSi h-s dakargva 

im periodis faqtia, roca iwKeba aGreva am prefiqsTa (h, s) xmarebaSi 

da ara raGac kanonzomierebis gamovlena (Sesabamisoba 

formasa da Sinaarss Soris); magram vnebiTis formebSi momxdari 

cvlileba (daebada _ daibada) gvafiqrebinebs, rom aq swored 

formisa da Sinaarsis Sesabamisobis sakiTxi dgas. 

rogorc vxedavT, `swori formebis~ gverdiT ùswor-masworo 

formebic~ (a. SaniZis terminia) mravladaa; `ZiriTadi wesis~ 

gverdiT araerTi wesia gamonaklisisa (d a h b a d a tipis zmnaTa- 

Tvis; h K o f s tipis zmnaTaTvis...). am rigis faqtad miiCneva qa- 

qa 

da dagebs da 

gebs tipis zmnebic; es is Jgufia zmnebisa, romelTac obieqti 

micemiTSi aqvT, magram prefiqss ar dairTaven (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 

189)... 

e. i. `ZiriTadi wesi~ aseTia: `Z v e l s a l i t e r a t u r o 

q a r T u l S i m e s a m e p i r i s o b i e q t u r i p r e f i q - 

s i a u c i l e b l a d m o e p o v e b a ara Kovel zmnas, aramed 

m x o l o d i s e T s, r o m e l i c m i c e m i T i s d a m a t e - 

b a s m o i T x o v s r o g o r c a w m K o S i, i s e n a m K o 

s r u l S i~ (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 194); mere ganivrcoba `ZiriTadi 

wesi~: da iseTebi, romlebic micemiTis damatebas moiTxovs mxolod 

awmKoSi da dairTaven zmniswins (a. SaniZe, 1976, gv. 91); 

Tumca mravlad aris iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca es wesi irGveva da 

`gamonaklisebs~ Tavisi wesi aqvs: 

a) unda iKos prefiqsi da ar aris (qadagebs tipi);

256 


b) ar unda iKos prefiqsi da aris (hKofs tipi); 

g) istoriulad eZleva gamarTleba prefiqsis qonas, magram 

sinqronulad _ ara (dahbada tipi); 

d) `Sereuli awmKo~: `zogierTi zmna awmKosa da misgan nawarmoeb 

dro-kiloebSi arc hKofs hKofs tipis uGlebas misdevs mTlad 

da arc qa qada qa 

da dagebs da gebs tipisas, aramed xan erTs mihKveba da xan meores 

da amitom formebi Sereuli aqvs~ (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 191) (k a - 

f a igi _ kafs º hkafs mas...) 

mogvianebiT z. sarJvelaZis kvleva-Ziebam anomaliebis SemTxvevebi 

Zveli qarTulisaTvis gaamravla... `Cven mier mopovebuli 

masala sam Jgufad SeiZleba daiKos: I. saliteraturo enis 

normebis mixedviT, S2 an O3 pirebis niSnebi (h-, an s-) unda iKos, 

magram araa. II. h-s nacvlad s- aris dawerili iseT SemTxvevebSi, 

sadac h- da s- prefiqsTa ganawilebis wesebis mixedviT h- unda 

iKos. III _ `piris niSani~ zedmetadaa dawerili~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 

1984, gv. 383). Koveli maTganis magaliTi mravladaa. zedmet niSnebze 

rocaa saubari, aq erT saintereso SemTxvevasac mivaqcioT 

KuradGeba: arcTu iSviaTia SemTxvevebi `mrCobli prefiqsis~ xmarebisa: 

h-s-Txovo, mi-h-s-ces, h-s-dgeT, h-s-tir, h-s-wuxdeT... h-s- 

ca (magaliTebi literaturidanaa)... (gavixsenebT: S2 iseve iqceva, 

rogorc O3) da es magaliTebi `ZiriTadi wesis~ gverdiT gvxvdeba... 

am tipis anomaliebi imiTacaa saintereso, rom mogviano periodSic 

(XIX saukuneSic) gvxvdeba... 

Kovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, misaGebia daskvna, romelsac 

a. SaniZe gvTavazobs: àwmKos warmoebis dros Zvel saliteraturo 

qarTuls mesame obieqturi prefiqsis xmarebis sakiTxSi aklia 

is erTsaxeoba, mTlianoba da garkveuli sistema, romelic 

mas namKo srulSi amSvenebs~ (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 195); da es xdeba 

imitom, rom Zvel qarTulSi `mesame obieqturi piris prefiqsis 

xmarebis sakiTxSi ori dialeqturi mimarTuleba ebrZvis er- 

Timeores: erTi miiswafvis, rom awmKos warmoebis dros Sesrulebuli 

iKos formaluri mxare, romelic gamomdinareobs zmnis 

sintaqsuri agebulebisagan, e. i. rom awmKos uGlebaSi zmnas mesame 

piris obieqturi prefiqsi gauCndes; meore mimarTulebas ki 

ara hsurs Kuri aTxovos sintaqsur konstruqcias da imis cda- 

Sia, rom zmnas awmKoSic igive uGlebis wesi SeunarCunos, romelic 

mas namKo srulSi hqonda. zogi zmnis uGlebaSi erTi mimar-


Tuleba imarJvebs, zogisaSi _ meore. da zogSi kidev xan erTi 

mimarTuleba iCens Tavs da xan _ meore~ (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 

180). msJeloba logikuria da saintereso, magram zogierTi `gamonaklisis~ 

wesis saxiT warmodgena ufro zusti axsnis survils 

badebs... 

11 11....3333. 11 11 . . . sis siste sis siste 

temis temis 

mis mis rGveva rGve rGve rGveva 

va va Tu Tu Tu Tu axali axa axa axali 

li li siste sis sis siste 

temis temis 

mis mis CamoKalibe 

CamoKali CamoKali CamoKalibe 

bebis bebis 

bis bis 

mcdelo mcde mcde mcdelo 

loba loba 

ba? ba? 

? ? norma nor nor norma 

ma ma da da da da reaaaalo re re re lo loba loba 

ba ba 

Zveli qarTulis viTarebis gacnobam sakmaod rTuli zogadi 

suraTi dagvixata: S2O3-is prefiqsebis xmarebis TvalsazrisiT 

mZime viTarebaa. rac ufro aqeT movdivarT V saukunidan, miT 

ufro rTuldeba viTareba. saSuali qarTulis monacemebi ar iZleva 

SesaZleblobas, raime zogadi kanonzomiereba dadgindes: vi- 

Tareba a. SaniZem ase Seafasa: `Jer kidev Zvel qarTulSi daiwKo 

gaugebroba da formebis areva. es gaugebroba TandaTan izrdeboda 

da matulobda saSual qarTulSi: airia xmovniani da Tanxmovniani 

fuZeebi, waiSala formaluri gansxvaveba brZanebiTsa da 

TxrobiTs Soris, obieqturi prefiqsi gaCnda saxelobiT damatebian 

zmnebSi da sxvani, da sxvani. erTi sitKviT, roca Zvelis mier 

naanderZev qonebas saSuali qarTulis mier xangrZlivi drois 

ganmavlobaSi keTilSenaZeni miemata, iseTi arev-dareva Seiqna 

formebisa, rom Zneli saqme iKo maTi gamorkveva da raime sistemiT 

dalageba~ (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 218). 

anton kaTalikosma scada (am sferoSic) aGreuli viTarebis 

dalageba, wesis farglebSi moqceva, Tumca misi paradigmebis mixedviT 

Znelia raime kanonzomierebis dayera. mizani antonisa ke- 

TilSobiluria _ wesi gauCinos, swor kalapotSi Caagdos mdinareba 

movlenisa, magram Sedegi savalalo miviGeT. `kaTalikozisa- 

Tvis am prefiqss (calad h-s, tKubad hs hs-s) hs wminda morfologiuri 

mniSvneloba ara aqvs: mi misTvis mi Tvis igi igi arc S2-ia ia da arc arc O3, , 

ara aramed ara ara med rraGac 

r 

Gac Gac sa samka sa samka 

mkauli mka li li, li , ro rome ro 

me melic lic sa sayi sa sayi 

yiroa roa zmnis for forma for 

ma maSi ma Si akus- 

ti tiku ti tiku 

kuri ku ri STa STabey STa STabey 

beydi 

dile 

lebis bis ga gasaZ ga gasaZ 

saZli 

liereb li reb reblad 

lad~ lad (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 

221). magram, rogorc miuTiTeben, antonma es sakiTxi gaitana Teoriuli 

kvleva-Ziebis farglebidan da praqtikul niadagze gadaitana. 

Tavisi samecniero Tu saGvTismetKvelo TxzulebaTa wKalobiT, 

erTi mxriv, da misive mimdevrebis meSveobiT, meore 

mxriv, farTo asparezi moupova Tavis pozicias da sakmaod mZime

258 


daGi daasva saliteraturo enis ganviTarebas... Tumca, modiT 

isic vTqvaT: antonamde gezi am saliteraturo enis ganviTarebi- 

sa ukve gamrudebuli iKo, viTareba aGreuli iKo S2 O3-is xmarebaSi, 

antonma ver SeZlo misi SeCereba da, SeiZleba raGac odenobiT, 

daaCqara kidec es procesi. 

aseTi mZime memkvidreoba miiGo XIX saukunem... 

XX saukuneSi SemuSavebuli axali qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis normebis mixedviT viTareba TiTqos mowesrigda. dadginda 

wesebi. sakmaod kategoriulia moTxovna _ `Tanamedrove saliteraturo 

qarTulSi unda dadasturdes Semdegi wesi: 

a) a r i q n e s x m a r e b u l i h- da s- p r e f i q s e b i II 

s u b i e q t u r i p i r i s a G s a n i S n a v a d; 

b) ixmarebodes h- da s- prefiqsebi III iribobieqturi piris 

aGsaniSnavad~ (normebi, 1986, gv. 193). wesi Semdeg zustdeba: `hdatovebul 

iqnes g, , k, , q, , b, , , p, , , f, , , K TanxmovanTa win. s- III iribobieqturi 

piris aGsaniSnavad Kvelgan unda ixmarebodes (e. i. d, , , 

T, , t, , Z, , c, , w, , J, , C, , , y y TanxmovanTa win)~ (iqve, gv. 194). wesebi 

TiTqos naTelia da martivic; magram, rogorc Cans, iseTi zmnebic 

aGmoCnda, am wesebSi rom ver moTavsda da damatebiT iTqva: 

`ramdenime zmna Tanamedrove qarTulSi iseTi agebulebisaa, rom 

aq dadgenili wesebis mixedviT am zmnebSi prefiqsi s- ar unda 

ixmarebodes. miuxedavad amisa, am zmnebSi s prefiqsi unda darCes, 

ramdenadac s- aq fuZesaa Sexorcebuli~ (normebi, 1986, gv. 

202). saubaria zmnebze ga-s-tans, ga-s-wevs, a-s-wevs, gamo-s-cems, 

ga-s-cems... Jer erTi, naTeli ar aris, ras niSnavs `fuZesTan Sexorceba~: 

pirveli piris formaSi Tu saxelzmnebSi is ar Cans 

(gamo-v-cem, gamo-s-cem... gamo-cema, gamom-cem-eli...). meorec, aranairi 

kriteriumi ar arsebobs am zmnaTa amosacnobad. miniSneba _ 

àseTi zmnebi orTografiul leqsikonSia Setanili~ _ viTarebas 

ver amartivebs. gamonaklisebi axsnas ar eqvemdebareba. 

faqtobriv, realuri viTareba da wesi erTmaneTs Sordeba. 

normad miCneuli formebi _ Se-v-s-davebivar, Se-v-s-cilebivar, 

Se-v-s-yidebivar _ ar aris realuri formebi dGeisaTvis. ara 

mgonia, saqmes amartivebdes dazusteba: ìm SemTxvevaSi, roca 

zmnis formaSi III iribobieqtur pirTan erTad I subieqturi piria 

warmodgenili, I subieqturi piris niSnis v- prefiqsis Sem-


deg h- da s- prefiqsebi SeiZleba ar ixmarebodes: h- da s- prefiqsiani 

formebis gverdiT darCeba uprefiqso formebi~ (iqve, 

gv. 201) da warmodgenil formaTa Tanabaruflebian formebad 

cxaddeba: Sevgebebivar, gavparvivar, movferebivar... Sevdavebivar, 

Sevcilebivar, Sevyidebivar... es formebi realuria, paraleluri 

normaturi formebi ki _ ararealuri... eg erTi mxarea... 

meore da arsebiTi: Znelia davasaxeloT meore iseTi SemTxveva, 

masobriv xasiaTs rom iZens normis darGveva. moviKvanT erT-er- 

Ti kvlevis Sedegebs. kerZod jurnal `ciskris~ 1968 wlis nomer- 

Si gamoqveKnebuli literaturuli nawarmoebebis mixedviT Catarebul 

analizs. mZime daskvnaa: `zmnebSi Kvelaze mougvarebeli da 

yrel-yreli formebi piris niSnebTanaa dakavSirebuli. marTalia, 

aq mtkice wesebi normebis saxiT, samwuxarod, ara gvaqvs, magram 

Kvelaze martivad KvelasTvis advilad gasagebi wesebi mainc unda 

davicvaT. ase, magaliTad, Kvelam kargad icis, rom erTpirian 

zmnebs mxolod erTi niSani aqvs _ subieqtisa, obieqtis niSani 

erTpirian zmnebs ar SeiZleba hqondes im ubralo mizezis gamo, 

rom maT obieqti ara aqvT. jurnalSi ki am saqmeSi didi arev-darevaa: 

sadac niSani sayiroa, bevrgan ar weren, xolo sadac sayiro 

araa, aseve bevrgan weren (i. imnaiSvili, 1976, gv. 207)... viTareba 

gacilebiT ufro rTulia, vidre Zvel qarTulSi iKo... 

11 11....4444. 11 11 . . . mwerlis mwer mwer mwerlis 

lis lis enobri enob enob enobri 

rivi rivi 

vi vi Tavi Ta Ta Tavi 

visuf visufle 

suf sufle 

leba leba 

ba ba 

da da da da S2222O3333 axal axal axal axal qarrrrTul qa qa qa TulSi Tul TulSi 

Si Si 

Jer kidev naxevari saukunis winaT a. SaniZe saSuali qarTulis 

viTarebis ganxilvis Semdeg SeniSnavda, rom `sabolood 

verc erTma mimarTulebam ver moikida fexi saliteraturo enaSi 

da dGesac e r T a d - e r T i s a z o m i h a e s a d a s a n i s 

x m a r e b i s s a k i T x i s g a d a s a y r e l a d a r i s T v i - 

T e u l i m w e r l i s s u r v i l i d a m o w o n e b a: visac r o - 

g o r m o s w o n s, i m g v a r a d x m a r o b s s a u b a r S i c a 

d a w e r a S i c~ (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 224). am naxevari saukunis 

manZilze bevri ram Seicvala (normebic dawesda!), magram SeniSvna 

`TviTeuli mwerlis survili da mowoneba~ _ ZalaSi darCa. 

da mainc: aris ki ise, visac rogor surs da, meorec, ras 

niSnavs mwerlis, `survili da mowoneba~? 

enobrivi norma Tu e. w. `keTilxmovnebis principi~?

260 


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna praqtikul gramatikebSi saubrobdnen e. w. `ke- 

Tilxmovnebis principis~ Sesaxeb. magaliTad, s. 

xundaZe Tvlida, rom h a r a r i s o r g a n u - 

l i q a r T u l i b g e r a d a m i u G e b e l i a 

k e T i l x m o v n e b i s T v a l s a z r i s i T a c . . . 

(s. xundaZe, 1901, gv. 49). T. uTurgaiZis azriT, 

àm debulebis safuZvelia Semdegi: (1) h qarTul 

sitKvebSi an daikarga, an x-d iqcao (haeri _ aeri 

/ xaeri); (2) arakeTilxmovnebis safuZveli is 

iKo, rom erTi morfemis farglebSi h sxva TanxmovnebTan 

kombinaciaSi ar Sedis~ (T. uTurgaiZe, 

1980, gv. 21). 

ra gansazGvravs e. w. `keTilxmovnebis princips?~ es aris vi- 

Tom `mwerlis survili da mowoneba?~ es mxolod gemovnebis sakiTxia 

Tu ufro meti _ mwer mwerlu mwer mwerlu 

luri lu ri in intu in intu 

tuici tu ci ciis ci is wKalo wKalobiT wKalo biT da dana da 

na- na 

xu xuli xu 

li ise iseTi ise 

Ti ram ram, ram , rac rac Se SeiZ Se SeiZ 

iZle iZle 

leba le ba Cven CvenTvis Cven Tvis Zne Zneli Zne li da dasa da 

sa sana sana 

naxi xi iKos iKos? iKos 

magaliTad: ratom sTxovda v a j a - f S a v e l a Tavis gamomcemlebs, 

h-s ar Sexebodnen?: àmasTan gTxovT umorCilesad, bgera 

`h~ daicvaT Cems nawerebSi ise, rogorc me vxmarob~ (vaja, t 

.X, gv. 194). 

i. yavyavaZis avtografebis Seswavlisas gairkva rom mwerali 

h-sa da s-s zogan Caamatebs, zogan amoSlis da fiqroben, rom àm 

prefiqsTa xmarebis mxriv ilias enaSi raime kanonzomiereba ar 

SeiniSneba~ (z. yumburiZe, 1994, gv. 79)... 

araerTi Canaweri aqvs m. JavaxiSvils am Temaze Tavis cnobil 

`bloknotebSi~; xSirad aGizianebs kidec `mSrali~ gramatikuli 

wesebi: `marto gramatikoss Jer arsad Seuqmnia ena. sayiroa didi 

Semomqmedic, an davdapirvelad Semomqmedi, romelic sanimuSo 

droSas hqsovs epoqisaTvis. da mebrZol laSqarsac, bedma Tu gangebam, 

uceb mouvlina medroSe~ (m. JavaxiSvili, t. VI, gv. 318). 

akaki wereTlis saxumaro komentaric gavixsenoT `hKvavis guria~-s 

magaliTze: Kvavebis guriazea saubari Tu aKvavebul guriazeo 

(hKvavis Tu Kvaviso)... 

vrclad msJelobs am Temaze k. gamsaxurdia da es magaliTic 

imisTvis gvyirdeba, rom mwerlur xedvas angariSi unda gaewios 

_ anu mwerlis `survilsa da mowonebas~.


k. gamsaxurdia: àkademikosi Tofuria kvlav mtruladaa 

ganwKobili `h~ da `s~-s mimarT... Cveni lingvistebi amtkiceben, 

`h~ Krua da amitom aGar gvesayiroebao. es gaxlavT smenis ameraciis 

Sedegi sitKvebSi: `hqonda~, `mihqris~, sruliad araa es asoniSani 

Kru. miqris _ es xom Gimilis momgvreli sitKvaa... igivea 

`hKvavis~ nacvlad `Kvavis~ rom iTqvas... me gaocebuli var, ram 

SeaZulaT Cvens enaTmecnierebs hae... savsebiT gaugebaria, rad SeiZules 

asoniSani sani. `Cans~ _ ra qarTulia; ucilod unda daiweros 

`sCans~, `swers~ da ara `wers~ (k. gamsaxurdia, 1967, gv. 261). 

cxadia, mecnieruli kamaTi aq warmodgenili azrebis Sesaxeb 

Sedegs ver mogvcems. Cven SeiZleba kiTxva davsvaT: ratom uCndebaT 

survili mwerlebs, ekamaTon enaTmecnierebs? xom aris saki- 

Txebi, romlebSic isini eTanxmebian lingvistebs? aq ra xdeba? 

ras xedaven mwerlebi am formebSi (hKvavis, sCans...) iseTs, rasac 

ver vamCnevT enaTmecnierebi? ratom miaCniaT, rom am konkretul 

SemTxvevaSi hKva hKvavis hKva hKvavis 

vis, vis , sCans sCans da misTanania (e. i. aranormatuli) 

swori da ara, ase vTqvaT, normatuli (Kvavis, Cans...) formebi? 

xom ar dadga dro, vi visa vi visa 

saub 

ubroT ub roT h h da da da s s pre prefiq pre prefiq 

fiqse 

sebis se bis raGac 

sxva sxva fun funqci fun funqci 

qcieb 

ebze ebze 

ze am tipis (e. w. aranormatul) formebSi? 

erTi konkretuli magaliTi: Zvel qarTulSi S2 piris niSani 

brZanebiTis formebSi ar gvqonda: 

TxrobiTi: da-s-were 

h-kiTxe 

da es iKo wesi. 

brZanebiTi: da-were! 

kiTxe! 

Tanamedrove qarTulSi xSir SemTxvevaSi Tu TxrobiTSi S2 

h an s dakargulia, brZanebiTis formebSi Cndeba: 

ar gastKdeT gastKdeT, gastKdeT qarTvlis Svilebo! (g. leon.) 

aG aG-s-deq aG deq deq, deq saqarTvelov! (g. leon.) 

ga ga-s-wi ga 

wi wi, wi , ga ga-h-kur ga 

kur kurcxle 

cxle, cxle , Cemo merano! (n. baraT.) 

nu s-ti ti tiri 

ri, ri mSveniero! (v. barn.) 

nu s-Cqa Cqa Cqarob 

rob, rob Kaflan! (b. barn.) 

droSa qveiT da da-s-wie da wie wie! wie (m. Javax.) 

ar ga ga-h-be ga 

be bedo bedo 

do! do (m. Javax.) 

s-TqviT TqviT TqviT, TqviT mi miam mi 

am ambeT 

beT, beT ra moxda! (m. Javax.) 

midi, da da-h-ka da ka ka! ka (m. Javax.) 

ratom aris àde ade adeqi 

qi.~, qi magram `Se Se Se-s-deq Se deq deq!~ deq da misTanani.

262 


ar Cans SemTxveviTi es faqtebi. aq S2 piris niSans damatebiTi 

niuansi Semoaqvs, ara gramatikuli, aramed stilisturi... 

TiTqosda raGac intensiuri moqmedeba aisaxeba... es faqti Seswavlas 

sayiroebs... vTqvaT, imave k. gamsaxurdiasTan, m. JavaxiSvilTan, 

v. barnovTan, o. CxeiZesTan am kuTxiT aucilebelicaa sakiTxis 

ganxilva... h- da s- prefiqsTa funqciebis reinterpretacia 

xdeba. es ar Cans axali dawKebuli. am TvalsazrisiT unda 

gadaixedos axali qarTuli enis Zeglebi, dialeqtebi. amitom saubari 

imis Taobaze, rom mwerali arGvevs enobriv normebs da 

uSvebs Secdomebs, safrTxiloa... 

11 11....5555.... 11 11 subieqturi subieqturi subieqturi subieqturi meore meore meore meore da da da da obieqturi obieqturi obieqturi obieqturi mesame mesame mesame mesame piris piris piris piris 

niSSSSnebi ni ni ni nebi nebi nebi TTaaaana 

TT 

na named named 

medro medro 

rove rove 

ve ve qarTul qar qar qarTul 

Tul Tul diaaaaleq di di di leqteb leq leqtebSi 

teb tebSi 

Si Si 

rogorc vxedavT, qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriis 

manZilze subieqturi meore da obieqturi mesame piris gamoxatvas 

sirTule da problemebi KovelTvis axlda. es sirTule ver 

gaamartiva saliteraturo enis normaTa dadgenam; Tanamedrove 

qarTulis viTareba gacilebiT ufro rTulia, vidre odesme iKo. 

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs saliteraturo enisa da dialeqtebis viTareba; 

gansakuTrebiT am ukanasknelisa. Cven SevecadeT saerTo suraTis 

daxatvas dialeqtologiuri samecniero literaturis mixedviT. 

monacemTa sizusteze, cxadia, pasuxs am SemTxvevaSi ama 

Tu im dialeqtis mkvlevari agebs, vis naSromebsac vemKarebiT. 

orgvar cxrils warmovadgenT: erTSi mocemulia variantebi 

S2O3 prefiqsebisa da maTi gavrcelebis are; meore cxrilSi am 

variantTa damadasturebeli magaliTebi mogvKavs. 

qarTluri 

I s q e m a: 

Ø h s z S j x G h s x z S † hx hS hs 

+ + + + + + + + + 

kaxuri + + + + + + + + + + + 

ingilouri: 

fereidnuli 

xevsuruli 

+ + + + + + + + + 

+ + + 

+ + + + + + + +

mTiuluri 


+ + + 

moxeuri + + + + + + + + + 

TuSuri + + + + + + + + 

fSauri + + + + + + + + + + 

Javaxuri + + + + + + + + 

ayaruli + + + + + + + + + 

imeruli + + + + 

guruli + + + + 

leCxumuri 

+ + + + + 

rayuli + + + + 

klarJuli 

+ + + 

II s q e m a: 

magaliTebi (vasaxelebT ramdenime SemTxvevas ama Tu im dialeqtidan): 

Ø akeTeb, aSeneb, ukeTeb, uSeneb... kiTxa, miwera (imer.) 

h gahKva, mohkvdomia... vhfqovdiT (mox.) ahtkivda (ayar.) 

s sZinavs, swKdeba, Seswevda, gasTavebia.. 

z movzJardiT (xevs.), zdgebi (kax.), gadazdisa (qarTl.) 

S moSyra, gaSyirebia (qarTl.), SeSyamTo (kax.), gaSCexa (ayar.) 

j jJobnia, dajJerda (ayar.), jJGvlems (TuS.), dajJerdan (xevs.) 

x daxfaraven (xevs.), davxpatije (mox.), xparavs, xqonda (TuS.), axkidebs 

(ayar.) 

G waGlalavs (xevs.), gavGlesT (mox.), Gnaxidi (TuS.) 

wa brZandebi, a dgebi (kax.), da Tanxmda, da kiTxa (qarTl.) 

h a hKva, ga hkra (qarTl.), Ca hKo (kax.), da hfqavden (fS.) 

s da swvda, wa swKvita (qarTl.), da swverT (kax.) 

x xKav, xƒocden, xƒnavda, gda xKoliKo (fS.) 

z gama zZaxs (fS.) 

S da SyKivla, Sa Syams, da Syriden (fS.) 

† ga†fxek (← gahfxek) (mox.) 

hs mihsca, avhswoneviT, avhswie (ayar.), mivhscem (ing.) 

hS SehSyamda, gahSyra, dahSyirdeba (ayar.), mohSyra (ing.) 

hx CahxKves, mihxvda (ayar.), hxKidi, dahxxura (ingil.) 

sul dadasturebulia 18 fonetikuri varianti. Kvelaze meti kaxur 

dialeqtSia warmodgenili (cxadia, kilokauri TvalsazrisiTac 

aris sxvaoba, magram Cven amJerad amas ver gamovedevnebiT); 

Kvelaze naklebi varianti klarJulSi gvaqvs (esec SeiZleba imiT

264 


aixsnes, rom es dialeqti, Tu dialeqtTa Jgufi SedarebiT naklebadaa 

Seswavlili). 

oriode SeniSvna: h- da s- prefiqsebis Semdeg Kvelaze met 

dialeqtSi x- prefiqsia warmodgenili (Cven aq ar vgulisxmobT 

x-ar ar da x-val val val / x-ved ved zmnebs _ x- prefiqsi am zmnebSi qarTuli 

enis istoriis Kvela etapze dasturdeba). veTanxmebiT im azrs, 

rom am SemTxvevaSi xx- 

x iseTive fonetikuri procesebis Sedegia, 

rogorc sxva variantebi. mTis dialeqtebisaTvis fonetikuri 

procesebis sqemas b. JorbenaZe ase warmogvidgens (b. JorbenaZe, 

1995, gv. 627, 629). 

s- → S- → j 

h- → x- → G- 

Ø 

baris dialeqtebisaTvis (kerZod, qarTlurisa da kaxurisaTvis) 

º h 

- º h- º hs- 

h- → s- → z- º z- 

S- º S- 

Ø 

sqemebi arc Kvela variants moicavs da arc Kvela process 

(Tumca sruli suraTis Sesaxeb Tu vimsJelebT, sqemaSi adgili 

Kvela variants moeZebneba), magram arsebiTi is aris, rom mawarmoebelTa 

simravle fonetikuradaa Sepirobebuli. principulad 

gaumarTleblad migvaCnia daSveba imisa, rom x prefiqsi am sistemaSi 

xanmetobis droindeli naSTia (m. miqautaZe, 2009, gv. 26). 

da kidev: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi dasturdeba ormagi gamoxatva 

pirisa. rogorc Cans, es variantic qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis ganviTarebis mTel manZilze gvxvdeba: saSual qar- 

TulSi sakmaod mravladaa; XIX saukuneSic (ilias enaSic) da, rogorc 

vxedavT, dGevandel dialeqtebSic (hs, hS, hx). is faqti, 

rom saSuali qarTulis monacemi orTografiis problemad moiazreba, 

SeiZleba eyvqveS daaKenos swored dialeqturma monacemebma: 

dialeqtebSi dadasturebuli ormagi prefiqsebi ar SeiZleba 

CaiTvalos orTografiuli aGrevis Sedegad... 

dabolos, subieqturi meore da obieqturi mesame piris


niSnebi mraval kiTxvas aGZraven... sagangebo kvlevaa sayiro am ki- 

Txvebze pasuxis gasacemad... 

$ $ $ 12 12. 12 

. . su subi su subi 

bieq 

eqtu 

turi ri me mesa me mesa 

same me pi piris pi 

ris ris ni niSan ni niSan 

SanTa Ta sis siste sis siste 

tema 

ma 

12 12....1111. 12 12 . . . zo zoga zo zoga 

gadi gadi 

di di sura su su sura 

raTi raTi 

Ti Ti 

Cven visaubreT subieqturi meore da obieqturi mesame piris 

niSanTa Sesaxeb. viTareba sakmaod rTuli iKo. sirTules ZiriTadad 

am afiqsTa fonetikuri saxesxvaobebi da maTi ganawilebis 

sakiTxi qmnida... amJerad Cveni interesis sagans ar warmoadgens 

subieqturi pirveli da pirvel-meore obieqturi piris niSnebi... 

magram faqtia, Kvela maT (subieqtur I-II, obieqtur I-II-III 

pirTa niSnebs) gamoxatvis erTi saerTo principi aqvT _ isini 

prefiqsebia da maTi gamoxatva ZiriTadad aglutinaciur princips 

emKareba (garkveulwilad Tavisebur viTarebas qmnis obieqturi 

I piri, gansakuTrebiT Zvel qarTulSi, magram amis Taobazec 

bevri Tqmula). 

mTel am sistemaSi (subieqtur da obieqtur pirTa gamoxatva 

maqvs mxedvelobaSi) gansakuTrebul viTarebas qmnis subieqturi 

mesame piri: pirisa da ricxvis niSnebi sufiqsebia da, meore, 

mxolobiT ricxvSi sxva niSnebi gvaqvs, mravlobiT ricxvSi _ sxva 

niSnebi; gavixsenoT: I da II subieqtur pirebSi piris niSani orive 

ricxvSi erTi da igivea; mravlobiTi ricxvi orive SemTxvevaSi 

erTi da imave sufiqsiT gadmoicema: v-wer da v-wer-T, s-wer da 

s-wer-T... 

subieqturi mesame piris niSanTa sistema aseT suraTs qmnis 

Zveli qarTulisaTvis: 

mx. ricxvi mr. ricxvi 

-a 

-o 

-s 

-n 

-d 

-es 

-en 

-an 

-n 

-ed

266 


axali qarTulis varianti ufro martivia: ara gvaqvs mxolobiTSi 

-n, , -d da mravlobiTSi -ed ed sufiqsebi; samagierod ga- 

Cnda -nen nen sufiqsi. `-nen nen nen imdenad SeiZleba mTlianad CaiTvalos 

mravlobiTi ricxvis me-3 piris subieqtur niSnad, ramdenadac 

Sig Semavali pirveli n visame enaSi mxolod me-3 pirSi gvxvdeba 

da imave ricxvis 1-lisa da me-2 piris formebSi ki _ ara (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. ). am rTuli sufiqsis CamoKalibeba Cven Tvalwin 

moxda: meore komponenti n-en en sufiqsisa igive -en en sufiqsia, romelic 

mravlobiTis mawarmoebelTa rigSia; pirveli komponenti (n) 

xmovandakarguli variantia e. w. pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobi- 

Tis -en en bolosarTisa (mo mo movkal mo vkal me igi _ movkl-en en me igini). cnobili 

faqtia: roca pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTis gamoxatvis 

sayiroeba aGar iKo qarTul zmnaSi, -en en sufiqsis bedi ori gziT 

warimarTa: 

a) dasavlur dialeqtebSi e. w. pirdapiri obieqtis mravlo- 

biTobis aGniSvnis moSlis Semdeg -en (→ -n) sufiqsi qreba samive 

piris formidan; 

b) aGmosavlur dialeqtebSi igive sufiqsi qreba I-II piris 

formebSi; xolo III piris formaSi miuxorcda mravlobiTobis -en 

sufiqss n-en en en: en 

da-v-izard-en-iT 

da-izard-en-iT 

da-izard-n-en 

da-v-izarde-T da-v-izarde-T 

da-izarde-T da-izarde-T 

da-izard-en da-izard-nen (!) 

am procesSi saintereso isicaa, rom paradigmis `sisworis~ 

TvalsazrisiT wKvetilis niSnis (-e sufiqsis) dakargvis piroba 

meore SemTxvevaSi ara gvaqvs: 

ga-izard-a ← ga-izard-e-a 

da-izard-en ← da-izard-e-en 

aGmosavlur paradigmaSi mesame piris forma Zveli paradigmidanaa 

aGebuli, I-II piris formebi _ axali paradigmidan. miviGeT, 

ase vTqvaT, Sereuli paradigma:


ga-v-izard-en-i-T ga ga-v-izard 

ga izard izard-e-T izard 

ga-izard-en-i-T ga ga-izard ga izard izard-e-T 

izard 

ga ga-izard ga 

izard izard-n-en 

izard en ga-izard-(e)-en 

ase rom, nen sufiqsi specifikur viTarebas qmnis. mis komponentebze 

sagangebod vimsJelebT Sesabamis paragrafebSi, roca 

S3 niSanTa sistemis analizis dros S3 -en en sufiqss ganvixilavT... 

amgvarad, Zveli qarTuli rTuli sistema axal qarTulSi 

aseT saxes iGebs: 


a 

o 

s 

Cven Tvals gavadevnebT sistemis gamartivebis gzas. manamde 

or sakiTxs ganvixilavT: ra mimarTebaa, erTi mxriv, mravlobiTis 

narian mawarmoeblebsa da, meore mxriv, xmovansufiqsebs (-a, -o) 

Soris. 

es 

en 

an 

n 

12 12....2222. 12 12 . . . mravlo mrav mrav mravlo 

lobi lobi 

biTis biTis 

Tis Tis nari na na nari 

rian rian 

an an mawar ma ma mawar 

warmo warmo 

moeeeebel mo belTa bel belTa 

Ta Ta 

ur urTi ur urTi 

Tier Tier 

ermi ermi 

mimar mimar 

marTe marTe 

Tebi Tebi 

bisa bisa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis 

rogorc vnaxeT, qarTulSi subieqturi mesame piris mravlobiTis 

mawarmoebelTagan sami afiqsi naris Semcvelia: -en en en, en , -an an an, an , n. 

ra mimarTebaa maT Soris? 

gansxvavebul sufiqsTagan TiToeuls xmarebis garkveuli 

are aqvs; maT ganawilebas ZiriTadad fonologiuri safuZveli 

edeba: a) -en sufiqsi gvxvdeba Tanxmovnis momdevno poziciaSi: 

akeTeb-en en en, en malav-en en en... en b) -n gvxvdeba a, , e, , o xmovnebis momdevno poziciaSi: 

mokla-n, gaTbe-n, gaakeTo-n... g) -an an sufiqsi gvxvdeba i 

xmovnis (es i Cveulebriv zmnuri sufiqsia) momdevno poziciaSi: 

tir-i-an an an, an midi-an an an, an ici-an an an... an da am naTel ganawilebas erTgvarad 

arGvevs is SemTxveva, roca -an an sufiqsi daerTvis ramdenime statikur 

zmnas: sxed-an an an, an dgan-an an an, an dum-an, wux-an an an... an erTi SexedviT ganawilebis 

fonologiur princips morfologiuri `SeeSveleba~... 

rogorc Cans, is faqti, rom TiToeuli mawarmoebeli garkveul 

fonetikur garemocvaSi gamovlindeba, gaxda safuZveli

268 


imisa, rom isini erTmaneTis fonetikur variantebad iqna gaazrebuli. 

-en en en, en , -an an an, an , -n sufiqsTagan amosavlad e xmovniani varianti 

miiCneva. kerZod, ivaraudeba Semdegi fonetikuri procesebi: 

-a-en en → -a-n: mokl-a-en → mokl-a-n... 

-e-en en en → -e-n: gaTb-e-en → gaTb-e-n... 

-o-en en → -o-n: dawer-o-en → dawer-o-n... 

anu, iTvleba, rom xmovankopleqsebi ae ae, ae 

, ee ee, ee 

, oe gamartivda meore 

komponentis Cavardnis gziT (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 433; b. foCxua, 

1961, gv. 60-62; v. Tofuria, 1953, gv. 520). ee ee → e SemTxvevaSi 

xmovanTa SerwKmasac varaudoben (b. foCxua, 1961, gv. 62). 

fonetikuri procesis Sedegad en en-is en 

saxecvlil variantad 

miiCneva -an an sufiqsic: i-en en → ii-an 

i an (mki-en → mki-an) (g. rogava, 

1968, gv. 76). 

arian Tu ara -en en en, en, 

, -an an an, 

, -n sufiqsebi erTmaneTis fonetikuri 

variantebi; sxvagvarad, moqmedi fonetikuri procesis Sedegi da, 

saerTod, aris Tu ara SesaZlebeli amgvari fonetikuri procesebi 

zmnur formebSi? 

rogor aGvniSneT, -n sufiqsi miiCneva -en en sufiqsis xmovandakargul 

variantad: en → n. sufiqsiseuli xmovnis reduqcia 

araa ucxo qarTuli enisaTvis (a. SaniZe, 1957, gv. 316), magram 

roca saubroben am procesze, miuTiTeben momdevno xmovansufiq- 

sis gavlenaze: mokl-n-a ← mokl-en-a... asea es rogorc zmnebSi, 

ise saxelebSi. fuZiseul (an sufiqsiseul) da sufiqsiseul xmovanTa 

Sexvedrisas warmoqmnil xmovanTkompleqsebSi fonetikur 

procesTa sami SemTxveva gairCeva: a) roca ikargeba kompleqsis 

pirveli komponenti: e-a → a (akeTe-a → akeT-a); b) roca xmovnebi 

gaiTiSeba v TanxmovniT e-a → e-v-a (axe-eb-s → axe-v-ebs)... da g) 

warmoiqmneba xmovanTkompleqsi Kovelgvari gamartivebisa da xmovanTgamKaris 

gareSe _ aaxlo-eb eb eb-s... eb 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna axe-v-eb-s tipis formebSi v-s raobis Sesaxeb ix. $ 20. 

amgvarad, warmoqmnil xmovanTkopleqsTa gamartiveba momdevno 

xmovnis dakargvis gziT araa damaxasiaTebeli istoriulad 

qarTulisaTvis. Kovel SemTxvevaSi, msgavsi faqtebi dadasturebuli 

araa. asea es amjamadac (g. gogolaSvili, 1987, gv. 108).


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna saxelebSi gvaqvs gamonaklisi: naTesaobiTi da moqmedebiTi 

brunvis niSniseuli i ikargeba fuZeukvecel 

saxelebTan. sakiTxis specialuri Seswavlis 

Sedegad dadginda, rom es aris erTaderTi Se- 

mTxveva fuZiseul (resp. sufiqsiseul) da sufiqsiseul 

xmovanTa Sexvedrisas warmoqmnil kompleqsebSi 

meore wevris Cavardnisa (g. gogolaSvili, 

1987, gv. 109). gamonaklisi SemTxveviTi ar unda 

iKos (arc raime kanonzomierebis gamovlena) _ -is is is, 

, 

-iT iT sufiqsebi rTuli Sedgenilobisaa, i ar unda 

iKos organuli nawili s da T Tanxmovnebisa (arn. 

Ciqobava, 1956). vfiqrobT, amas gadamwKveti mniSvneloba 

eniyeba momxdar procesSi. 

xmovanTkompleqsebSi fonetikuri procesebi sakmaod gavrcelebulia 

da rTul suraTs qmnis dGevandel qarTul dialeqtebsa 

da zanurSi, magram Kvela SemTxvevaSi kompleqsis meore wevri 

daculia _ fonetikuri procesebi mimdinareobs kompleqsis pirveli 

komponentis cvlis xarJze. 

Kovelive zemoTqmuli eyvqveS aKenebs -en en sufiqsiseuli 

xmovnis dakargvis sakiTxs xmovnis momdevno poziciaSi. amgvari, 

dadasturebuli kanonzomierebis sawinaaGmdego, procesis moqmedebis 

dasamtkiceblad erTi SemTxveva araa sakmarisi. 

Cven ar uarvKofT -n da -en en sufiqsebs Soris SesaZlo genetur 

kavSirs; aGvniSnavT mxolod imas, rom sxvaoba maT Sedgenilobas 

Soris araa momxdari zmnur formebSi. isini ar warmoadgenen 

erTmaneTis fonetikur variantebs maTi zmnur afiqsebad 

CamoKalibebis Semdeg. 

zemoT aGvniSneT, rom -an an sufiqsi miCneulia -en en en-is en fonetikur 

variantad. kerZod, i-s momdevno poziciaSi e disimilirdeba 

da gvaZlevs a-s. amave dros SeniSnaven, rom ìe ie ie kompleqsis gadasvla 

ia ia-Si ia principSi igivea, rac qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

ea kompleqsis gadasvla ia ia-Si~ ia (g. rogava, 1968, gv. 76). sakiTxis 

amgvarad dasma sadavoa. ie ie → ia ia procesi regresul gavlenazea 

damKarebuli da xdeba farTo xmovnis daviwroeba. orive es movlena 

bunebrivia da kanonzomieri qarTulisaTvis (S. ZiZiguri,

270 


1946; g. gogolaSvili, 1974). ie ie → ia ia procesis dros ki sawinaaGmdego 

movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme _ gavlena progresulia da 

xdeba viwro xmovnis gafarToeba, rac arabunebrivia qarTulisa- 

Tvis. gamonaklisis arseboba moqmed fonetikur procesSi dasaSvebia, 

magram amJerad ar xerxdeba am gamonaklisis axsna, vfiqrobT, 

arca gvaqvs safuZveli misi daSvebisaTvis. 

ie ie → ia ia procesis arsebobis Sesaxeb seriozul eyvs badebs 

agreTve isic, rom -an an sufiqsi dasturdeba Tanxmovnis momdevno 

poziciaSi da es iseT zmnebTan, romlebic uZvelesi formaciis 

zmnebadaa miCneuli: w u x -an an an, an , d u m -an an an... an ... Tu es SemTxveva SeiZleba 

imiT aixsnas, rom am tipis zmnebs i sufiqsi hqondaT da is 

iKo mizezi en en → an an procesisa, imaves ver vitKviT d g a n - an an, an 

, , 

K v a n - an an... an 

... tipis formebze, sadac i sufiqsis arseboba arc dadasturebulia 

da arc Teoriulad savaraudo. saeyvoa agreTve 

analogiis procesis daSvebac. 

KuradGebas ipKrobs is faqtic, rom ie ie kompleqsi ar Cans 

arabunebrivi qarTulisaTvis. Zvel qarTulSi sakmaod gavrcelebulia 

ie ie daboloeba statikuri zmnebis awmKosa da gardamavali 

zmnebis pirvel TurmeobiTSi: u p K r i e s, h g i e s... d a u w e - 

r i e s, g a u k e T e b i e s... ie ie kompleqsis ia ia-Ti ia Secvla axal qar- 

TulSi (u p K r i i a a , d a u w e r i i a a ...) ar Cans fonetikuri procesis 

Sedegi, aramed aGniSnul formaTa warmoebis tipis Secvlas 

unda ukavSirdebodes. 

ie ie kompleqsis bunebriobas unda uyerdes mxars isic, rom 

-an an sufiqsis adgils rig dialeqtSi iyers -en en sufiqsi da warmoiqmneba 

swored is kompleqsi, romlis gamartivebis Sedegad miGebuladac 

ivaraudeba -an an sufiqsi: m o d i - e n , a r i - e n , t i - 

r i - e n , K v i r i - e n... 

amgvarad, iseve rogorc wina SemTxvevaSi, vfiqrobT, rom -an an 

sufiqsi ar aris -en en en-is en fonetikuri varianti, warmoqmnili misi 

zmnur afiqsad CamoKalibebis Semdeg. 

Kovelive es ki gamoricxavs -en en en sufiqsis pirveladobas; igi 

araa amosavali -an an da -n sufiqsebisaTvis zmnur formebSi. 

-en en sufiqsis pirveladobis erT-erT sabuTad miiCneva zanurSi 

dadasturebuli -an an sufiqsi, romelic iTvleba qarTulis 

kanonzomier SesatKvisad. amgvari ram dasaSvebia, magram gasaTvaliswinebelia 

is faqti, rom -an an varianti gvaqvs qarTulSic, ro-


melic, Cveni azriT, ar warmoadgens -en en en-is en fonetikur variants 

da, Tu subieqturi mesame piris mravlobiTobis -es es sufiqsi zanurSi 

qarTulidan Sesulad ivaraudeba (b. foCxua, 1961, gv. 

60), zanurSi gvaqs -n sufiqsic, romelic qarTulis identuria 

(SesatKvisobaze saubari am SemTxvevaSi Znelia), ratom ar SeiZleba 

zanuri -an an igive qarTuli -an an sufiqsi iKos da ara -en en en-is en 

SesatKvisi? 

warmodgenili msJelobidan gamomdinare, vvaraudobT, rom 

-n, , -en en en, en -an an sufiqsebs Soris arsebuli fonetikuri sxvaoba ar 

unda iKos momxdari zmnur formebSi. Tu maT Soris genetiuri 

kavSiri arsebobs (vambobT `Tu~-s, imitom rom funqciuri da masalobrivi 

msgavseba ar unda iKos sakmarisi afiqsTa geneturi 

kavSiris samtkiceblad...), formobrivi diferenciacia am elementTa 

zmnur afiqsebad CamoKalibebamdea momxdari. variantTa 

ganawileba zmnur formebSi warmoqmnil bgeraTkompleqsTa bunebriobis 

mixedviT unda iKos momxdari. 

12 12....3333. 12 12 . . . ----a a a a da da da da ----o o o o sufiqs su su sufiqsTa 

fiqs fiqsTa 

Ta Ta urTi ur ur urTi 

Tier Tier 

erTTTTmi er mi mimar mimar 

marTe marTe 

Tebi Tebi 

bisa bisa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis 

rogorc Zvel, ise axal qarTulSi -o sufiqsis gamovlena 

uSualodaa dakavSirebuli wKvetilis warmoebasTan, amitom am 

sufiqsis Taobaze ZiriTadad wKvetilis warmoebisas visaubrebT 

(aqve, $ 23, 24). Tumca subieqturi mesame piris niSanTa sistemis 

analizisas mogviwevs zogierTi mosazrebis winaswar `gameoreba~ 

(ufro dawvrilebiT ixileT $ 23). 

-o sufiqsi gvxvdeba wKvetilsa da meore TurmeobiTSi: aiG- 

o, , aeG-o... am mwkrivebSi S3 pirs gamoxatavs agreTve -a sufiqsi: 

dawera, daewera... e. i. romel mwkrivSic gvaqvs -o, gvaqvs -a sufiqsic. 

wesi piruku ar moqmedebs: -a gvaqvs axal qarTulSi 

awmKosa (Tbeb-a...) da uwKvetelSi (werd-a...) rogorc Zvel, ise 

axal qarTulSi; swored esecaa safuZveli imisa, rom o sufiqss 

geneturad akavSireben -a-sTan. 

-o sufiqsis gamovlenis SemTxvevaTa analizi magaliTebs 

orad dagvaJgufebinebs: erTi mxriv, iKo (agreTve dialeqturi Caico, 

gamoarTo...) tipis formebi da, meore mxriv, aiGo, gaigo, 

Seaqo tipis formebi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi o moqmedi fonetikuri 

procesis Sedegi Cans:

272 


v-i-Kav 

i-Kav 

i-Kav-a → i-Ko 

Ca-v-i-cv-i 

Ca-i-cv-i 

Ca-i-cv-a → Ca-i-c-o 

faqtobriv, aq o-s gamoKofa sufiqsad ar SeiZleba: igi fu- 

Ziseuli Tanxmovnisa da S3 -a sufiqsis SerwKmis Sedegia... 

sxva viTarebaa aiG-o tipis formebSi. am tipis zmnaTa SemTxvevaSi 

-o TavisTavadi sufiqsia da misi gamovlena araa dakav- 

Sirebuli v-a kompleqsis arsebobasTan. sxvagvarad: pirvel SemTxvevaSi 

o fonetikuri procesis produqtia, meore SemTxvevaSi 

_ TavisTavadi, damoukidebeli sufiqsi. 

-o sufiqsis gamovlenas qarTulSi (saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis 

Kvela etapze) ori piroba gansazGvravs: a) wKvetilis 

saKrdeni fuZe unda iKos umarcvlo da b) wKvetilis mawarmoebeli 

_ e: 

avi-G-e 

ai-G-e 

ai-G-o 

gava-Tb Tb Tb-e Tb 

gaa-Tb Tb Tb-e Tb 

gaa-Tb Tb Tb-o Tb 

dava-tkb tkb tkb-e tkb 

daa-tkb tkb tkb-e tkb 

daa-tkb tkb tkb-o tkb 

wesi ugamonaklisoa. Kvela e. w. gamonaklisi ixsneba (ix. $ 24). 

ase rom, -o Zvel qarTulSi ukve CamoKalibda damoukidebel 

sufiqsad, -a bolosarTis tolfasad. es ar gamoricxavs imas, 

rom ò miGebuli iKos va/ve/Ÿa/Ÿe-sagan ufro adrindel period- 

Si an saerTo qarTveluri fuZe enis diferenciaciamde~ (b. gigineiSvili, 

z. sarJvelaZe, 1973, gv. 76). -a-s da -o-s ganawilebas 

fonologiuri safuZveli aqvs. 

aqedan gamomdinare, S3 piris niSanTa sistemaSi maT damoukidebeli, 

TavisTavadi adgili uyiravT; Tumca mis meoreulobaze 

saubari SesaZlebelia. amitomac, erTi mxriv, sistemis istoriis 

gaTvaliswineba da, meore mxriv, sistemis wevrTa urTierTSesabamisoba 

da ganawilebis principi saSualebas gvaZlevs, sqema ase 

warmovadginoT: 


a, (o) 

s 

n 

d 

es 

en, an, n 

ed


12 12....4444.... 12 12 S3333 pi piris pi piris 

ris ris niSan ni ni niSanTa 

San SanTa 

Ta Ta ganawi gana gana ganawi 

wile wile 

leba leba 

ba ba Zvel Zvel Zvel Zvel qarTul qar qar qarTulSi 

Tul TulSi 

Si Si 

rogor nawildeba Zvel qarTulSi am uaGresad rTuli sistemis 

wevrebi; rogoria mxolobiTisa da mravlobiTis mawarmoebelTa 

urTiermimarTeba. 

warmovadgenT mawarmoebelTa ganawilebas mwkrivTa mixedviT 

_ romel mwkrivebSi gvxvdeba esa Tu is mawarmoebeli (ix. i. imnaiSvili, 

1971, gv. 159-160): 

-o 

-s 

m x o l o b i T i r i c x v i s a f i q s e b i 

-a _ uwKvetelSi (werd-a...) 

wKvetilSi (da-wer-a...) 

II TurmeobiTSi (da-ewer-a...) 

Se SeniS Se 


vna: vna awmKoSi -a sufiqsi axali qarTulis faqtad miiCneva, 

Tumca statikur zmnebSi (gipKri-a, sweri-a...) 

igi `pirvelad `sinur mravalTavSi~ iCens Tavs~ 

(z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 415). magram Tu imas gaviTvaliswinebT, 

rom ia ia daboloeba gardamaval zmna- 

Ta I TurmeobiTSi haemet teqstebSic dasturdeba, 

-a statikuri zmnebis awmKoSic IX saukuneze adrindel 

faqtad unda miviCnioT: cnobili faqtia, 

rom qarTuli enis ganviTarebis nebismier etapze 

(dGevandeli dialeqtebis CaTvliT), rogoric 

aris daboloeba gardamaval zmnaTa I TurmeobiTisa, 

iseTivea statikur zmnaTa awmKoSic (da piriqiT). 

da kidev, ia ia daboloeba Tu Znelad aGwevs 

saliteraturo qarTulSi, ar niSnavs, rom igi gviandelia... 

Cven ar vdavobT, rom ie ie-s ie daboloeba 

wina safexuria, -ia ia _ momdevno, magram, vfiqrobT, 

roca vsaubrobT -a sufiqsis Taobaze, unda iTqvas, 

rom igi awmKoSic gamoiKeneba Zvel qarTulSi... 

w K v e t i l S i 

II T u r m e o b i T S i 

a w m K o S i 

I k a v S i r e b i T S i 

(ganaG-o...) 

(ganeG-o...) 

(wer-s... iwerebi-s... masmie-s...) 

(werde-s... tirode-s...)

274 


I x o l m e o b i T S i 

II x o l m e o b i T S i 

II k a v S i r e b i T S i 

S e r e u l k a v S i r. 

I T u r m e o b i T S i 


III k a v S i r e b i T S i 

(werdi-s... tirodi-s...) 

(daweri-s...) 

(dawero-s...) 

(miscodi-s...) 

(dauwerie-s...) 

(ebrZani-s...) 

(daewero-s...) 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna avtori Cveulebriv we wera we ra zmnis paradigmas warmoadgens, 

magram iSviaTad xmarebuli mwkrivebis SemTxvevaSi 

im formas moixmobs, romelic teqstebSi 

dasturdeba. 

-n n _ a w m K o S i (wer-n...) 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : vTqviT, rom vemKarebiT i. imnaiSvilis naSroms, sadac 

msgavsi formebi awmKos xolmeobiTadaa miCneuli; 

Sesabamisad, misi azriT, -n awmKoSi ar 

gvxvdeba; igive iTqmis I da II brZanebiTebzec, romelTac 

Cven Tanmimdevrulad uwKvetlisa da wKvetilis 

formebad miviCnevT (ix. aqve $ 6.2.). 

u w K v e t e l S i (werdi-n...) 

w K v e t i l S i (dawere-n...) 

II x o l m e o b i T S i (iTq‚-n, iKvi-n... z. sarJvelaZe, 

1984, gv. 406). 

I T u r m e o b i T S i (Segiracxie-n...) 

-d _ a w m K o S i (hnTie-d...) 

u w K v e t e l S i (iTqumode-d, itKode-d, iqmnebode-d 

(z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 396). 

I k a v S i r e b i T S i _ (emagaliTebode-d, z. sarJvelaZe, 

1984, gv. 396). 

w K v e t i l S i _ (yame-d, gamoiGe-d...) (z. sarJvelaZe, 

1984, gv. 397) 

II k a v S i r e b i T S i _ (dadumne-d, ganƒde-d... z. sar- 

JvelaZe, 1984, gv. 397). 

I Tu r m e o b i T S i (warugdebie-d...)

-es es 

-en en 

-an an 

-n 


-ed ed 

m r a v l o b i T i r i c x v i s a f i q s e b i 

u w K v e t i l S i 


II T u r m e o b i T S i 

a w m K o S i 


a w m K o S i 





S e r. k a v S i r. 


III x o l m e o b i T S i 



III k a v S i r e b i T S i 

a w m K o 

u w K v e t e l S i 





(werd-es es es...) es 

(dawer-es es es... es warvid-es es es...) es 

(daewern-es es es...) es 

(wer-en en en...) en 

(SeupKri-en en en... en faqts aGniSnavs 

a. arabuli, 1984(2), gv. 54) 

(Txri-an an an... an iwerebi-an an an... an hgi-an an an...) an 

(werdi-an an an... an iwerebodi-an an an...) an 

(iwerebodi-an an an...) an 

(daweri-an an an...) an 

(uwodi-an an an...) an 

(miscodi-an an an...) an 

(dauweri-an an an...) an 

(moesrni-an an an...) an 

(werde-n...) 

(dawero-n...) 

(daewerne-n...) 

(wer-ed ed ed...) ed 

(werd-ed ed ed...) ed 

(scvidi-ed ed _ iSviaTad...) 

(dawer-ed ed ed...) ed 

(movidi-ed ed ed...) ed 

(Segiracxi-ed ed ed... ed warutacebi-ed ed ed... ed 

faqts aGniSnavs a. arabuli; 

ix.: a. arabuli, 1984(2), gv. 53). 

viTareba sakmaod rTulia. es sirTule kidev ufro naTeli 

gaxdeba, Tu davalagebT mwkrivTa mixedviT: 


awmKo (-a), -s, -n -d -en, -an, -ed 

uwKveteli -a -n -d -es -ed 

I xolmeobiTi -s -an -ed

276 


I kavSirebiTi -s -d -an -n 

wKvetili -a, -o -n -d -es -ed 

II xolmeobiTi -s -n -an -ed 

II kavSirebiTi -s -d -an -n 

Sereuli kavS. -s -an 

I TurmeobiTi -s -n -d -en, -an -ed 

II TurmeobiTi -a, -o -es 

III xolmeobiTi -s -an 

III kavSirebiTi -s -n 

12 12....5555. 12 12 . . . isev isev isev isev kiTxve ki ki kiTxvebi 

Txve Txvebi 

bi bi da da da da SeniS Se Se SeniS 

niSvne niSvne 

vnebi vnebi 

bi bi 

am sqemebidan, erTi SexedviT, bevri ram aris saKuradGebo. 

J e r e r T i: ucnauria da axsnas sayiroebs, ratomaa erT 

sistemaSi, erTi mxriv, odenxmovniani da, meore mxriv, odenTanxmovniani 

sufiqsebi: 

a(o) _ s, n, d 

m e o r e c: rogor unda aixsnas odenTanxmovniani (mxolobiTSi) 

da TanxmovnisSemcveli (mravlobiTSi) sufiqsebis urTierTmimarTeba 

(da saerTod, Tu SeiZleba am mimarTebaze saubari 

da ra kuTxiT): 

s _ es 

n _ en 

d _ ed 

es mimarTebac xom ar iqneba damatebiTi argumenti -en en sufiqsis 

pirveladobisa narian mawarmoebelTa Soris (Tuki isini geneturad 

erTmaneTs ukavSirdebian)... Kovel SemTxvevaSi, mravlobiTobis 

-an an da -n gancalkevebiT dgas... Tuki am mimarTebis sakiTxi SeiZleba 

daisvas, ra saxis mimarTebaa?.. Tuki maTi geneturi kavSiris 

sakiTxis dasma SeiZleba (masalobrivi msgavseba Jer kidev ar gvaZlevs 

uflebas vamtkicoT maTi geneturi igiveoba), ra aris safuZveli 

ricxvis mixedviT maTi aseTi gadanawilebisa: odenTanxmovniani 

mxolobiTSi, xmovani da Tanxmovani _ mravlobiTSi... 

Kovel SemTxvevaSi, TiTqosda gamokveTili pozicia (funqciebi) 

uCans mxolobiTSi a (o) da mravlobiTSi es es es sufiqsebs: 

gvxvdeba uwKvetelsa da wKvetilSi. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna 1. es mawarmoeblebi gvxvdeba II TurmeobiTSic, magram 

ramdenadac II TurmeobiTi `nawarmoebia ro-


gorc statikuri vnebiTis wKvetili, e. i. eniT, 

forma mTlianad emTxveva dinamikuri vnebiTis 

orpiriani zmnis wKvetils, eniT nawarmoebs da 

iziarebs Kvela mis Taviseburebas~ (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 438); amdenad formawarmoebis sakiTxebze 

msJelobisas calke II TurmeobiTze aGar vsaubrobT. 

2. -o gvxvdeba wKvetilSi (wina SeniSvnis gamo ase 

vambobT) da, rogorc iTqva, -a-sa da -o-s ganawilebas 

fonologiuri safuZveli aqvs. vimeorebT, 

ar gamovricxavT -a-s pirveladobas. swored es 

amosavali viTareba unda iKos daculi xevsurul- 

Si (moxeursa da ingilourSic nawilobriv): -o 

sufiqsi S3 piris niSnad ar dasturdeba _ Kvela 

mosalodnel SemTxvevaSi -a gvaqvs (ix. aqve, $ 23). 

vfiqrobT, sinamdviles ar Seefereba Zveli qarTulisaTvis 

S3 pirisa da ricxvis niSanTa gadanawilebis safuZvlad morfologiuri 

faqtoris dasaxeleba: `piris morfemis alomorfTa ganawileba 

Sepirobebulia ara fonologiurad, aramed _ morfologiurad. 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, aGniSnul alomorfTa gamovlenas 

ganapirobebs ara fonologiuri garemocva, aramed romelime 

morfologiuri kategoria (mwkrivi, kilo, gvari...)~ (a. oniani, 

1978, gv. 170). midgoma erTgvaria Zveli da axali qarTulis 

sistemisadmi: `faqtobriv, aseTivea viTareba Zvel qarTulSic: S3 

morfemis /-s/, /-a/, /-o/, /-n/, /-d/ alomorfebis ganawileba morfologiur 

princips emKareba~ (iqve). am Tvalsazriss iziarebs l. 

baramiZe (ix. l. baramiZe, 2008, gv. 90). 

swored amis gamoa, rom am alomorfebs mkvlevari akavSirebs 

im zmnur kategoriebTan, romlebic, misi azriT, aris safuZveli 

alomorfTa ganawilebisa. 

davxedoT sqemas da gaviTvaliswinoT: erTi mxriv, -a da -o, 

xolo, meore mxriv, -en, , -an an an, an , -n sufiqsTa ganawilebas eZebneba 

fonologiuri safuZveli (amis Taobaze iTqva); vfiqrobT, maTi 

ganawilebisaTvis araa sayiro morfologiuri safuZvlis Zieba; 

saerTod, II seriaSi -a da -o sufiqsTa gamovlenis dakavSireba I 

seriaSi gamoKenebul Temis niSnebTan, aseve Secdoma gvgonia (ix.

278 


a. oniani, iqve). sxva SemTxvevaSi viTareba rTulia: -d sufiqsi, 

marTalia, iSviaTad gamoiKeneba, magram gvxvdeba a w m K o S i, 

u w K v e t e l S i, I k a v S i r e b i T S i, w K v e t i l S i, II k a v - 

S i r e b i T S i, I T u r m e o b i T S i; mis gamovlenas, dGemde 

cnobili Sexedulebebis mixedviT, raime morfologiuri an fonologiuri 

safuZveli ar gaaCnia. 

is faqti, rom -s gvxvdeba kavSirebiTSi, ar SeiZleba misi 

kavSirebiTobasTan dakavSireba; Sdr.: -s ìstoriulad kavSirebi- 

Tis morfemis Semadgeneli elementi iKo, misi S3 morfemis warmomadgenlad 

qceva ki SedarebiT gviandeli movlenaa~ (a. oniani, 

1978, gv. 172). sakiTxis ase dasma ar SeiZleba Tundac imitom, 

rom igive -s aris Zvel qarTulSi erTaderTi mawarmoebeli xolmeobiTebisa, 

awmKosi da I TurmeobiTisa... ratom eZleva upiratesoba 

kavSirebiTebs, ar Cans... 

-s/ -n/ -d sufiqsebs Soris morfologiuri TvalsazrisiT 

(ganawilebas vgulisxmob) rom sxvaoba araa, amas isic adasturebs, 

rom èrTi da imave Zeglis sxvadasxva redaqciebma SeiZleba 

samive varianti gviCvenos: da rajams ganqardis, ara aƒsovn, ra 

uq uqmni uq 

mni mnied mni ed (apokr. 37, 23. �); LD: uq uqmni uq 

mni mnies 

es; es ; F: uq uqmni uq 

mni mnien 

en. en igive formantebi 

monacvleoben statikur zmnaTa awmKos III pirSi...~ 

(a. arabuli, 1984(2), gv. 52). 

Seqmnili viTareba ubiZgebs enas, moxdes, erTi mxriv, morfologiurad 

identur afiqsTa sistemis gamartiveba da, meore 

mxriv, sinonimur afiqsTa funqciuri gadanawileba. 

mxolobiTisa da mravlobiTis sufiqsebi dawKvildnen: 

-a (-o) 

-s 

-n 

_ 

_ 

_ 

-es 

-en, -an, -n 

-ed 

sistemis gamartiveba iwKeba -d sufiqsis dakargvis xarJze; 

mas mewKvile ara aqvs. am etapze Zalze sainteresod gveCveneba -n n 

_ -ed ed sufiqsTa dawKvileba: es sufiqsebi, sxva sufiqsTa paralelurad, 

gamoiKeneboda sxvadasxva mwkrivSi: 

-n _ awmKoSi, uwKvetelSi, wKvetilSi, II xolmeobiTsa da I 

TurmeobiTSi;


-ed ed _ awmKoSi, uwKvetelSi, I xolmeobiTSi, wKvetilSi, II 

xolmeobiTSi, II kavSirebiTSi, I TurmeobiTSi; 

am mwkrivTagan awmKo, uwKveteli da wKvetili droisa da kilos 

TvalsazrisiT polifunqciuri mwkrivebia: awmKos awmKos awmKos mwkrivs 

drouli TvalsazrisiT SeuZlia gamoxatos rogorc konkretuli 

awmKo (axlandeli dro), ise zogadi awmKo (awmKo CveulebiTi) _ 

daclili konkretuli drouli mniSvnelobisagan. uwKvetelsa da 

wKvetils SeuZlia gadmoscen rogorc TxrobiTi kilo, ise _ 

brZanebiTi. sxva mwkrivebi, sadac -n da -ed ed sufiqsebi gvxvdeba, 

dro-kilos TvalsazrisiT monofunqciuria. enam gamoiKena formobrivi 

paralelizmis SemTxvevebi da droisa Tu kilos gansxvavebul 

funqciebs gansxvavebuli formebi miusadaga; awmKos SemTxvevaSi 

ganasxvava konkretuli da zogadi awmKo: 

kon konkre kon konkre 

kretu kretu 

tuli tu li awmKo awmKo zo zoga zo 

ga gadi gadi 

di awmKo 

awmKo 

wer-s s s igi 

wer-en en igini 

wer-n n igi 

wer-ed ed igini 

meore rigis formebs awmKos xolmeobiTi uwodes da damoukidebel 

mwkrivad aGiares... ramdenadac formobrivi paralelizmi 

gvqonda mxolod III subieqtur pirSi, amdenad I-II piris formebi 

(v-wer, s-wer...) itvirTavdnen rogorc konkretuli, ise zogadi 

awmKos gadmocemas. da amitomacaa, rom mkvlevarTa erTi nawili 

e. w. awmKos xolmeobiTs pirnakl mwkrivad miiCnevs (I-II subieqtur 

pirs sakuTari forma ara aqvso), meore nawili srul paradigmas 

warmoadgens _ I-II piris formebi emTxveva awmKosas 

(amis Taobaze vrclad ix. aqve, $ 6.2.). 

awmKo awmKo awmKo àwmKos awmKos xol xolme xol xolme 


Ti~ Ti 

v-wer 

s-wer 

wer wer-s wer wer 

v-wer-T 

s-wer-T 

wer wer-en wer en 

v-wer 

s-wer 

wer wer-n wer 

v-wer-T 

s-wer-T 

wer wer-ed wer ed 

rogorc iTqva ($ 6), esaa erTi mwkrivis paradigma, sadac 

formobrivi paralelizmi III pirSi gamoKenebuli iqna funqciuri 

sxvaobis aGsaniSnavad.

280 


wer-n / wer-ed formaTaTvis xolmeobiTis funqciis miniyeba 

rom meoreulia, isic mianiSnebs, rom amave funqcias warmatebiT 

iTavsebs wers wers / we weren we ren formebi; àwmKo gvaqvs iq, sadac konteqstis 

mixedviT awmKos xolmeobiTia mosalodneli~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 

1984, gv. 427 da Smd.); sakiTxi vrclad ganixileba, magram TiTqos 

ara Cans iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca wern wern / / we wered we red formebi konkretuli 

awmKos mniSvnelobiT gamoiKenebodes... es gvafiqrebinebs, 

rom am ukanasknel formaTaTvis xolmeobiTis gamoxatva gviandeli 

funqcia Cans... 

sakiTxi msgavsadve daismis uwKvetlisa da wKvetilis paralelur 

formaTa Sesaxeb. uwKveteli da wKvetili Cveulebriv 

TxrobiTi kilos gamomxatveli mwkrivebia. es mwkrivebi gamoiKeneba 

warTqmiTi brZanebiTebis gadmosacemad; am SemTxvevaSic enam 

gamoiKena formobrivi paralelizmis SemTxveva pirTa gamoxatvaSi 

da ase ganasxvava TxrobiTi da brZanebiTi formebi. 


biTi bi Ti brZanebiTi 

brZanebiTi 

v-wer-d-(i) 

s-wer-d(i) 

werd-a 

v-werd-i-T 

s-werd-i-T 

werd-es es 

_ 

werd-(i) 

werd-i-n 

_ 

werd-i-T 

werd-ed ed 

II pirSi variantebi _ s-/Ø- 

III pirSi variantebi _ -a/-n, -es/-ed 

asevea wKvetilis SemTxvevaSic: 

v-wer-e 

s-wer-e 

wer-a 

v-were-T 

s-were-T 

wer-es es 


biTi bi Ti brZa brZane brZa brZane 

nebi 

biTi bi Ti 

_ 

were 

were-n 

_ 

were-T 

wer-ed ed ed 

cxadia, arc am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba meore rigis paradigma- 

Ta damoukidebel mwkrivebad miCneva (ix. $ 6).


rogorc Cans, amgvari gadanawileba funqciebisa daiwKo Zveli 

qarTuli enis adreul safexurzeve _ V-VIII s.s.-Si, magram 

sistemis gamartivebis tendencia ufro Zlieri aGmoCnda da -n n _ 

-ed ed wKvili asparezidan gadis. es procesi iwKeba Zveli qarTuli 

enis gviandel safexurze; Sesabamisad qreba e. w. awmKos xolmeobiTi 

da e. w. brZanebiTebi... 

sistema aseT saxes iGebs: 

mx mx. mx 

. ri ricx ri 

cx cxvi cx mr mr. mr 

. ricxv ricxvi ricxv 

-a (-o) 

-s 

-es 

-en, -an, -n 

faqtobriv, mxolobiTSi TanxmovansufiqsTagan gabatonda -s. 

mravlobiTSi aseTive midrekilebas iCens nariani mawarmoeblebi: 

Zveli qarTulidan moKolebuli -es es es sufiqsis gamoKenebis are viwrovdeba: 

Tu Zvel qarTulSi -es es gamoxatavda S3 piris mravlobiTobas 

uwKvetelsa da wKvetilSi, axal saliteraturo qarTulsa da 

dialeqtebis umravlesobaSi -es es sufiqsi gamoiKeneba mxolod 

wKvetilSi da isic brunvacvalebadsubieqtian zmnebSi (moqmedebi- 

Ti da saSual-moqmedebiTi gvarisa): maT gaakeT-es, iTamaS-es, 

imef-es... brunvaucvlelsubieqtian zmnebSi nariani mawarmoebeli 

iyers mis adgils: isini movid-en/nen, gaizard-en/nen... tendencia 

aSkarad gamokveTilia: -es es adgils uTmobs narian mawarmoeblebs. 

es tendencia dasrulebul saxes iGebs qarTuli enis dasavlur 

dialeqtebSi (qvemoimerulSi, gurulSi...): wKvetilSi Kvela tipis 

zmnasTan subieqturi mesame piris mravlobiT ricxvs -en en sufiqsi 

gamoxatavs: maT gaakeT-en en en, en dawer-en en en... en isini mevid-en en en, en geizard-en 

en en... en 

anu, Zveli qarTulis es sistema: 

-a (-o) 

-s 

-n 

-d 

-es 

-en, -an, -n 

-ed 

sabolood amgvar saxes iGebs:

282 


-a (-o) 

-s 

-en, -an, -n 

mxolobiTSi gabatonda (TanxmovansufiqsTagan) sani, mravlobiTSi 

_ nariani mawarmoeblebi. procesi Zalian xangrZlivi 

Cans da Cven SesaZlebloba gvaqvs, Tvali gavadevnoT mas. 

da kidev erTi, friad saintereso faqti: 

Tanamedrove qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi dasturdeba -es es 

sufiqssa da narian mawarmoebelTa Soris funqciebis gadanawilebis 

rTuli da xangrZlivi procesis ganviTarebis sami ZiriTadi 

etapi: 

1. roca -es es sufiqsi gamoxatavs subieqturi mesame piris 

mravlobiTobas uwKvetelsa da wKvetilSi (xevsuruli, TuSuri, 

moxeuri...) 

2. roca -es es gvxvdeba mxolod wKvetilSi brunvacvalebadsubieqtian 

zmnebTan (qarTluri, kaxuri...) 

3. roca -es es sufiqsi aGar gamoiKeneba, moxda sruli Canacvleba 

nariani mawarmoeblebiT (qvemoimeruli, guruli, ayaruli...). 

gamartivebul sistemaSi mravlobiTobis narian mawarmoebelTa 

ganawilebas, rogorc aGiniSna, fonologiuri safuZveli 

aqvs; fonologiuri principi edeba safuZvlad -a da -o sufiqsTa 

ganawilebasac; mosalodneli aris, fonologiuri iKos safuZveli 

-a (-o) da -s sufiqsTa ganawilebisac. aris ki ase? SevecdebiT am 

kiTxvasac gavceT pasuxi. 

12 12....6666. 12 12 . . . ia ia ia ia dabo da da dabo 

bolo bolo 

loeeeebis lo bis bis bis a a a a kompo kom kom kompo 

ponen ponen 

nentis nentis 

tis tis Taooooba Ta Ta Ta ba baze baze 

ze ze awmKosa awmKosa awmKosa awmKosa 

da da da da I I I I Turme Tur Tur Turme 

meoooobiT me biTSi biT biTSi 

Si Si 

sanam dasmul kiTxvas vupasuxebT, erTi sakiTxi unda gairkves: 

ras warmoadgens ia ia daboloebis -a komponenti statikuri 

zmnebis erT nawilsa da gardamavali zmnebis pirvel TurmeobiT- 

Si subieqturi mesame piris formebSi rom gvaqvs (awer-ia ia ia, ia ukeT- 

ia ia... ia dauwer-ia ia ia, ia gaukeTeb-ia ia ia...). ia a meSvelzmnuri warmoSobisaao 

(ars → a), rogorc amas mkvlevarTa erTi nawili fiqrobs (n. mari, 

1925, gv. 125; a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 436; l. baramiZe, 2008, gv. 

24); sxva Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, -a komponenti subieqturi mesa-


me piris niSania (n. naTaZe, 1955(2), gv. 91; v. Tofuria, 1955, gv. 

456; a. arabuli, 1984 (2), gv. 51). 

CvenTvis sarwmunoa meore Tvalsazrisi. is faqti, rom aGniSnul 

zmnaTa paradigmis I-II piris formebi meSvelzmniania (vwer-i-var, 

s-wer-i-xar...), rac mTavari argumentia pirveli TvalsazrisisaTvis, 

vfiqrobT, ar unda iKos xelisSemSleli (kontrargumenti) 

meore SexedulebisaTvis: qarTulSi aris tendencia 

erTi mwkrivis paradigmaSi I-II piris formaTa warmoebis 

principis gansxvavebisa mesame piris formisagan (amis Taobaze 

ufro vrclad ix. aqve, $ 10). sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi, sxvadasxva 

tipis zmnebTan es tendencia sxvadasxvagvarad gamovlinda: 

a) Zvel qarTulSi -av av da -am am TemisniSnian zmnaTa uwKvetlis 

I-II piris formebi III pirisas Temis niSniTa da savrcobiT 

daupirispirda: 

v-xat-ev ev ev-d ev 

h-xat-ev ev ev-d ev 

xat-v-id id id-a id (← xat-av-ida)... 

v-ab-em em em-d em 

ab-em em em-d em 

ab-m-id id id-a id (← ab-am-ida)... 

b) am mizniT statikur zmnaTa erTma nawilma Zvel qarTul- 

Si an elementi gamoiKena: v-wev-T 

s-wev-T 

wv-an an an-an... an 

g) es principi farTod gavrcelda dialeqtebSi. fSaurma, 

xevsurulma da TuSurma dialeqtebma I-II xolmeobiTis mwkrivTa 

warmoeba mTlianad am princips daamKares _ pirvel-meore piris 

formebi savrcobiT ganasxvaves mesame piris formisagan: 

fSauri _ v-akeT-od od od-i od 

akeT- od od-i od 

akeT-i-s... 

xevsuruli _ v-akeT-id id id-i id 

akeT-id id id-i id 

akeT-i-s... 

d) zemoimerulma dialeqtma mesame piris TemisniSniani 

forma daupirispira I-II piris uTemisniSno formebs erTi tipis 

zmnebSi (mravlobiT ricxvSi): 

me-v-itan-T 

me-itan-T 

me-itan-eb eb eb-en... 

eb

284 


e) statikurma zmnebma awmKoSi meSveli zmna gamoiKenes: 

v-zi-var var 

zi-xar xar 

zi-s 

v-dga-var var 

dga-xar xar 

dga-s 

es procesi dialeqtebSi ufro Sorsaa wasuli: 

v-fiqrob-var var 

fiqrob-xar xar 

fiqrob-s 

v-icini-var var 

icini-xar xar 

icini-s... 

v) Cveni azriT, aseTive viTarebaa ia ia daboloebis SemTxveva- 

Sic: I-II piris formebi meSvelzmniania, mesame pirisa _ ara: 

v-anTi-var var 

anTi-xar xar 

anTi-a... 

a-v-uSenebi-var var 

a-uSenebi-xar xar xar 

a-uSenebi-a... 

Sdr.: mo-v-uklav-var var 

mo-uklav-xar ar 

mo-uklav-s... 

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, ia ia daboloebis a komponenti 

kvalificirebuli unda iqnes, rogorc subieqturi mesame piris 

niSani. 

12 12....7777.... 12 12 su subi su subi 

bieq bieq 

eqtu eqtu 

turi turi 

ri ri mesa me me mesa 

same same 

me me piris pi pi piris 

ris ris ----ssss,,,, ----aaaa, , , , ----o o o o sufiqs su su sufiqsTa 

fiqs fiqsTa 

Ta Ta 

ganawi gana gana ganawi 

wile wile 

lebi lebi 

bisa bisa 

saTTTTvis sa vis vis vis axal axal axal axal qarTul qar qar qarTulSi 

Tul TulSi 

Si Si 

rogorc viciT, axal qarTulSi subieqturi mesame piris 

mxolobiT ricxvs sami sufiqsi aGniSnavs: -s, , , -a, , , -o. TiToeul 

maTgans gamoKenebis mkacrad gansazGvruli sfero aqvs. erTi da 

imave zmnis erTsa da imave formasTan ar xdeba maTi Tavisufali 

monacvleoba. -a da -o sufiqsTa Tavisufali monacvleobis magaliTad 

asaxeleben dar darga dar darga 

ga / / dar dargo, dar 

, mo morwKa mo 

wKa / morwKo tipis paralelur 

formebs: àmgvar zmnebTan (igulisxmeba -av av TemisniSnianebi) 

/-o/-s zogJer Tavisuflad enacvleba /-a/~ (a. oniani, 1978, 

gv. 60). am tipis zmnebSi paralelizms sxva safuZveli aqvs: isini 

sxvadasxva paradigmis wevrebi arian (dawvrilebiT ix. aqve, $ 24). 

-s, , -a, , -o sufiqsebi, erTi SexedviT, ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT 

rTul suraTs qmnian. gavixsenoT isic, rom CvenTvis sarwmunoa 

mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac -o bolosarTi istoriulad 

-a-sagan aris miGebuli (amosavali fonetikuri viTareba iKo v's 

mezobloba), magram Semdeg -o analogiis mixedviT sxva zmnebsac


gauCndaT _ Kvelgan a's adgilas~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950, gv. 053). 

radgan es asea, visaubrebT -a da -s sufiqsTa ganawilebis safuZvelze 

da Semdeg SevecdebiT vaCvenoT, ra SemTxvevaSi gamovlindeba 

-o sufiqsi -a's adgilas. 

samecniero literaturaSi -s da -a sufiqsTa ganawilebis 

safuZvlad morfologiuri principia miCneuli. zmnis gvarisa da 

mwkrivis kategoriaTa mixedviT am sufiqsTa ganawilebis suraTia 

warmodgenili a. SaniZis `qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebSi~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 423 da Smd.). sakiTxs specialurad ganixilavs 

a. oniani (a. oniani, 1978). naSromSi srulad aris aGwerili 

Kvela is SemTxveva, sadac gansaxilveli -a da -s sufiqsebi 

gamovlindeba. Sedegi aseTia: àGniSnuli alomorfebi arsebiTad 

mwkrivTa mixedviT nawildebian~ (iqve, gv. 57). awmKo-mKofadis 

mwkrivSi es wesi ar aGmoCnda sakmarisi _ erTsa da imave mwkriv- 

Si gvxvdeba rogorc -a, aseve -s. sayiro gaxda damatebiTi wesebis 

Semotana zmnis gvaris, subieqtis brunvacvalebadobisa Tu 

ucvlelobis, Temisa Tu mwkrivis niSanTa gaTvaliswinebiT~ (iqve, 

gv. 58-59). marTalia, amgvari kvleva SesaZleblobas iZleva srulad 

aGiweros Kvela is SemTxveva, sadac xdeba -a da -s sufiqsTa 

gamovlena, magram daskvna _ àGniSnul alomorfTa gamovlenas 

ganapirobebs ara fonologiuri garemocva, aramed romelime morfologiuri 

kategoria (mwkrivi, kilo, gvari)...~ (iqve, gv. 170) 

_ sadavod gveCveneba, radgan ar xdeba erTi romelime principis 

bolomde gatareba am sufiqsTa ganawilebis safuZvlad. saklasifikacio 

principis cvla erTi romelime movlenis klasifikaciisas 

am klasifikaciis naklia. rogorc aGvniSneT, mwkrivTa mixedviT 

ganawileba ar iZleva amomwurav pasuxs; subieqtis brunvacvalebadoba 

Tu ucvlelobac ar aris gadamwKveti (-s gvaqvs orive 

SemTxvevaSi), -i sufiqsis momdevno poziciaSic orive sufiqsi 

dasturdeba (iwv-i-s, magram afen-i-a...); -av av av Temis niSanTan, marTalia, 

gvxvdeba mxolod -s, magram sxva Temis niSnebi amgvar Cvenebas 

ar iZlevian. mediopasiur zmnebTanac orive sufiqsi SeiZleba 

Segvxvdes (dev-s, wev-s, magram und-a, sJer-a...). 

amdenad, amgvari principis mixedviT SeiZleba moxerxdes aGwera 

-s da -a sufiqsTa gamovlenis SemTxvevebisa, magram axsna, 

rogorc Cans, SeuZlebelia. 

miuTiTeben imasac, rom `faqtobriv aseTive viTarebaa Zvel

286 


qarTulSi: S2 morfemis / -s/, / / -a/, / / -o/, / / -n/, / / -d/ / alomorfebis ganawileba 

morfologiur princips emKareba~ (iqve). 

rogorc vnaxeT, Zvel qarTulSi sakmaod rTuli viTarebaa; 

Zveli qarTulis mdgomareoba amjamindel viTarebas ver agvixsnis. 

ufro sworad, Zvel qarTulSi subieqturi mesame piris mxolobiTi 

ricxvis sufiqsTa ganawilebis wesebs ver gavavrcelebT 

axal qarTulze, radgan principuli sxvaoba arsebobs subieqturi 

mesame piris niSanTa sistemis TvalsazrisiT Zvelsa da axal 

qarTulSi. 

axali qarTulis martivma sistemam Zveli qarTulis rTuli 

sistemis adgili daiyira. Kovelive es ki uflebas gvaZlevs, gansxvavebulad 

mivudgeT am afiqsTa ganawilebis sakiTxs Zvelsa da 

axal qarTulSi. 

ra aris safuZveli subieqturi mesame piris -s da -a sufiqsTa 

ganawilebisa, SesaZlebeli aris Tu ara maTi gamovlenis 

Kvela SemTxvevas Soris raime saerTo niSnis daZebna? vfiqrobT, 

ki. 

subieqturi mesame piris -s da -a sufqsTa gamovlenisaTvis 

arsebiTi mniSvneloba unda eniyebodes saKrdeni morfemis Tvisobas. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : gavixsenoT: saKrdens vuwodebT im morfemas, romelsac 

uSualod daerTvis CvenTvis saintereso, 

am SemTxvevaSi subieqturi mesame piris, niSani. 

axal qarTulSi, faqtobriv, subieqturi mesame piris niSnis 

saKrdeni morfema Kvela SemTxvevaSi marcvlovania. saKrdeni morfema 

SeiZleba iKos rogorc Zireuli (wer wer wer-s, wer drek drek-s...), drek aseve 

sufiqsuri (akeT-eb eb eb-s, eb xat-av av av-s...). av sufiqsuris SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba 

iKos odenxmovniani (gaakeT-o-s...) da xmovnisa da Tanxmovnis 

Semcvelic (TamaS-ob ob ob-s...). ob roca vambobT, rom arsebiTi mniSvneloba 

eniyeba saKrdeni morfemis Tvisobas, vgulisxmobT saKrdeni 

morfemiseuli xmovnis nulTan monacvleoba-armonacvleobas. 

aq, ra Tqma unda, dadgeba sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, rom saKrdeni 

morfemiseuli xmovnis nulTan monacvleoba-armonacvleoba 

aris safuZveli sufiqsTa gamovlenisa, Tu TviTon sufiqsebia 

saKrdeni morfemiseuli xmovnis nulTan monacvleoba-armonacvle-


obis mizezi. samecniero literaturaSi amgvaradac ixsneba es sakiTxi: 

`TviT es alomorfebi apirobeben Zireuli morfemis nairsaxeobas 

da ara Zireuli morfemis fonologiuri agebuleba ama 

Tu im alomorfis (/ s-/-s an / -a/ -s) gamovlenas~ (a. oniani, 1978, 

gv. 61). mxolod subieqturi mesame piris mxolobiTi ricxvis 

formebi am sakiTxis gadasawKvetad, vfiqrobT, ar gamogvadgeba, 

radganac am SemTxvevaSi sakiTxis orivegvarad dasma SeiZleba 

(erTi mxriv, wer wer- wer ukumSvelia da imitom dairTavs -s's, meore 

mxriv, -s rom daerTvis, imitom aris ukumSveli). 

erTsac SevniSnavT. roca vsaubrobT saKrdeni morfemiseuli 

xmovnis nulTan monacvleoba-armonacvleobaze, vgulisxmobT process 

erTi paradigmis farglebSi. mag.: -av av TemisniSniseuli xmo- 

vani SeiZleba saerTod gauCinardes (xat-v-a ← xat-av av av-a), av magram 

awmKo-mKofadis formebSi KovelTvis sruli saxiTaa warmodgenili 

axal qarTulSi da, amdenad, am formebze msJelobisas vambobT, 

rom -av av TemisniSniseuli xmovnis Tvisoba ar aris nulTan 

monacvleoba axal qarTulSi. ZvelSi a monacvleobs nulTan). 

saKrdeni morfemiseuli xmovnis nulTan monacvleoba-armonacvleobis 

ZiriTadi sakontrolo saSualeba CvenTvis subieqturi 

mesame piris mravlobiTis formebia: akeT-eb eb eb-en, eb xat-av av av-en, av TamaS-ob 

ob ob-en, ob yr-i-an, K-of of of-en of formebSi saKrdeni morfemiseuli xmovani 

ar monacvleobs nulTan, sxva SemTxvevaSi igi nulTan monacvlea: 

avaSen-e _ aaSen-es es (← aaSen-e-es) 

mov-kal kal 

_ mo-kl-es es 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna `movkal~ tipis zmnebSi -i elements ar miviCnevT 

saKrden morfemad, ramdenadac igi morfologiuri 

odenoba ar aris. misi Tavisufali monacvleoba 

nulTan (mo mo movka 

vkali vka li º mo movkal mo 

vkal vkal) vkal am daskvnis gamotanis 

safuZvels gvaZlevs. gansxvavebul odenobad 

gvesaxeba is -i elementi, romelic Tavisuflad ar 

monacvleobs nulTan (avSend-i, gavTb-i...) (ix. aqve, 

$ 23). 

vTqviT, kavSirebiTis formebSi subieqturi mesame 

piris mravlobiTobis -n sufiqsi -en en sufiqsidan

288 


SeiZleba momdinareobdes, magram es procesi ar 

xdeba amjamad zmnis sistemaSi. 

am TvalsazrisiT sirTules qmnis kavSirebiTis mawarmoebelTa 

Tvisobis sakiTxi. ara gvaqvs SemTxveva, rom kavSirebiTis -a, , -e, , , 

-o mawarmoeblebs xmovniT dawKebuli sufiqsi daerTvodes. am SemTxvevaSi 

sakiTxi sxvagvarad daismis. 

odenxmovnian sufiqsTa nulTan monacvleoba ar aris tolfasi 

Tanxmovnis Semcveli sufiqsiseuli xmovnis nulTan monacvleobisa. 

garkveuli morfologiuri daniSnulebis Tanxmovnis 

Semcveli sufiqsiseuli xmovnis dakargva ar qmnis saSiSroebas 

saTanado funqciis miCqmalvisas _ TanxmovniTi elementi (resp. 

uxmovno alomorfi) am daniSnulebas asrulebs. Sdr.: Zveli 

qarT. movkl-en en / mokl-n-a. sxvagvari viTarebaa odenxmovnian 

afiqsTa SemTxvevaSi: misma gauCinarebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios saTanado 

funqciis miCqmalva, radgan aGar gvaqvs formaSi im funqciis 

matarebeli elementi da dakarguli xmovansufiqsis kompensacia 

ar xdeba. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna saintereso faqtia: xevsuruli dialeqti dakarguli 

xmovansufiqsis kompensacias maxviliT axdens 

(ix. a. arabuli, 1981, gv. 12). 

odenxmovniani sufiqsis nulTan monacvleoba-armonacvleobis 

ZiriTadi piroba, Cveni azriT, am afiqsTa funqciuri datvirTvaa. 

odenxmovniani sufiqsi SeiZleba monacvleobdes nul- 

Tan im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es monacvleoba formis Sinaarsis cvlas 

ar gamoiwvevs; xolo Tu xmovnis savaraudo dakargva formis Sinaarsis 

cvlas gamoiwvevs, dakarguli xmovansufiqsis funqcia gauCinardeba, 

xmovnis nulTan monacvleoba ar moxdeba: dedo do dofal 

fal-a, fal 

yri yriyin yri yriyin 

yin-a yin fuZeTa bolokiduri xmovansufiqsi formawarmoebisas 

ar ikveceba imitom, rom aGar moxdeboda garCeva de dedo de 

do dofal 

fal-, fal , , 

yri yriyin yri yriyin 

yin- yin fuZeTa saTanado formebTan; xolo me me-Tevz me Tevz Tevz-e Tevz tipis fu- 

ZeTa bolokiduri xmovansufiqsi ikveceba, radgan am fonetikuri 

cvliT miGebuli forma ar gaigivdeba amosaval fuZesTan: me me- me 

Tevz Tevz-is Tevz is / / Tevz Tevz-is Tevz is is... is 

kavSirebiTis mawarmoebelTa dakargva kavSirebiTis funqci-


is gauCinarebas gamoiwvevda: I kavSirebiTis forma uwKvetelTan 

gaigivdeboda, meore kavSirebiTisa _ wKvetilTan. wKvetilis mawarmoeblis 

gauCinarebis SemTxvevaSi es safrTxe ara gvaqvs: ar 

moxdeba formis damTxveva sxva paradigmis wevrTan... aqedan gamomdinare, 

vfiqrobT, rom kavSirebiTis -a, , -e, , -o sufiqsTa morfologiuri 

daniSnuleba da srul paradigmaSi maTi mimarTebani 

Seapirobebs im faqts, rom isini nulTan ar monacvleoben. ufro 

sworad, logikurad maTi nulTan monacvleoba gamoricxulia. 

warmodgenili msJelobidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, rom subieqturi 

mesame piris -s, , -a, , -o sufiqsebi ki ar Seapirobeben 

saKrdeni morfemis fonologiur saxes, aramed saKrdeni morfemiseuli 

xmovnis Tvisoba nulTan monacvleoba-armonacvleobisa 

aris ganmsazGvreli piroba am sufiqsTa gamovlenisaTvis, maTi 

ganawilebis safuZveli. 

-s da -a sufiqsTa ganawilebis SemTxvevaTa analizi amgvari 

daskvnis gamotanis saSualebas gvaZlevs: s u b i e q t u r i m e - 

s a m e p i r i s -a s u f i q s i g a m o v l i n d e b a n u l T a n 

m o n a c v l e x m o v n i s S e m c v e l s a K r d e n m o r f e - 

m a s T a n: 

mov-kal _ mo-kl-a ← mo-kal-a, 

gavakeT-e _ gaakeTa ← gaakeT-e-a. xolo s- s u f i q s i 

g a m o v l i n d e b a n u l T a n a r a m o n a c v l e x m o v n i s 

S e m c v e l s a K r d e n m o r f e m a s T a n: akeT-eb-s, xat-av-s, 

aaSen-o-s... 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna m. kraveiSvilisa da g. naxucriSvilis wignSi `qar- 

Tuli enisa da wera-kiTxvis TviTmaswavlebeli inglisuris 

mcodneTaTvis~ (II seria, Tbilisi, 1972 

w.) subieqturi mesame piris -s, , -o, , -a sufiqsTa 

ganawilebis aseTi wesia warmodgenili: `samive 

pirSi Tanxmovanze an xmovanze daboloebuli zmnebi 

dairTavs -s morfemas. e'ze daboloebuli zmnebi 

pirvel da meore pirSi da SekumSulfuZiani 

zmnebi mesame pirSi o-s dairTavs, sxva zmnebi ki a 

bolosarTs dairTavs~ (gv. 38). miuxedavad imisa, 

rom aq CvenTvis zogi ram sadavoa, es wesi mainc

290 


sainteresod gveCveneba im TvalsazrisiT, rom sufiqsTa 

ganawilebis safuZvlad zmnuri fuZis 

struqturaa miCneuli. 

am wesidan gamomdinare, sainteresoa -ia ia daboloebis mqone 

statikur zmnaTa awmKosa da gardamaval zmnaTa I TurmeobiTis -a 

sufiqsis sakiTxi. 

rogorc aGvniSneT, mkvlevarTa erTi Jgufi -a bolosarTs 

piris niSnad miiCnevs (imave odenobad, rac gaakeT-a formaSia); 

xolo zogi mkvlevris azriT, a daboloeba ars ars meSveli zmnis na- 

STia. 

Cven gaviziareT pirveli Tvalsazrisi. Tu -a a Se SeupKri Se 

upKri upKri-a upKri 

formaSi piris niSania, maSin mis win xmovani unda iKos gauCina- 

rebuli. asec varaudoben: SeupKrie-a → SeupKri-a (l. baramiZe, 

2008, gv. 23); I-II piris formebSi s bolosarTis ararsebobis (SevupKri-var, 

SeupKri-xar) Taobaze iTqva: `safiqrebelia, rom III 

piris fuZe ganzogadda Semdeg sxva pirebSi~ (iqve). es Tvalsazrisi 

gaziarebulia: `Sekvecili fuZe III piridan Cans gadasuli, 

meorec, KuradGeba unda mivaqcioT imas, rom -e afiqsi namKo 

droisaa (v. Tofuria) da dasrulebul moqmedebas gamoxatavs; me- 

Sveli zmnac ZiriTadi zmnis fuZeSi gadmocemuli moqmedebis rezultats 

statikurad warmoadgens, garkveulad Sedegs iZleva, 

moqmedebis dasrulebas gulisxmobs, amitomac am poziciaSi -e 

sufiqsi funqciuradac nulis toli aGmoCndeboda (SeupKrixar)~ 

(a. arabuli, 1984 (2), gv. 51). da es bolo argumenti xels SeuwKobda 

analogiis process (III piris formis gavrcelebas I-II pirebSi). 

ase rom, es SemTxvevac Cven mier SemoTavazebuli wesis 

farglebSi eqceva: -a sufiqsisaTvis saKrdenia -e, romelic 

monacvleobs nulTan.

Ta Tavi Ta 

vi IV IV. IV I seriis formaTa warmoebis 

$ $ $ 13 13. 13 

. . Te Tema Te 

ma ma. 

. Te Temis Te 

mis mis niS niSne niS 

ne nebi nebi 

bi 

13 13....1111. 13 13 . . . Te Temis Te Temis 

mis mis raoooobi ra ra ra bi bisa bisa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis 

sakiTxebi 

SesavalSi iTqva: rom `fuZe unda ganvixiloT, rogorc permanentulad 

cvladi monacemi~, romelic `saKrdenia formaTa sistemisaTvis~ 

(b. JorbenaZe). da Tuki fuZe aris permanentulad 

cvladi monacemi, saKrdeni formaTa sistemisaTvis, maSin sxvadasxva 

SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva fuZeze unda iKos saubari da asec 

aris: `Kvelaferi is, rac saKrdenia nebismieri formisa an formaTa 

sistemisaTvis, fuZed unda iwodos~. magram zmnur formaTa 

analizma moiTxova terminologiuradac gansxvavebuliKo sxvadasxva 

formisa Tu formaTa sistemisaTvis gamoKenebuli fuZe da 

Semovida pirobiTi terminebi: fuZe (= mwkrivis fuZes), Tema (= 

seriis fuZes) da `Ziri~ (= sruli paradigmis fuZes). mwkrivis 

fuZe imdenia, ramdeni mwkrivic gamoiKofa. ra aris Te Tema Te Tema 

ma? ma terminisa 

Tu Sesabamisi cnebis damkvidreba qarTul gramatikaSi a. SaniZis 

damsaxurebaa. 

moviKvanT amonarids 1930 wlis gramatikidan (vfiqrobT, 

movlenis arsi aq ukeTaa gamoxatuli): `pirieli zmnis ConCxs 

warmoadgens Tema, romelzedac asxmulia forma. Tema hqvia ucvalebel 

nawils zmnisas, romelic gasdevs xolme erT-erTi seriis 

Kvela formaSi, e. i. romlis dapirispirebiTac cvalebadia p i - 

r i s a, r i c x v i s a, q c e v i s a, d r o i s a da k i l o s niSnebi 

(xazi Cvenia _ g. g.). TemaTa sxvadasxvaoba safuZvlad udevs drokiloTa 

or seriad daKofas qarTulSi zmnaTa didi umravlesobisTvis 

morfologiuradac~ (a. SaniZe, 1930, gv. 138). swored 

TemaTa gansxvaveba daedo safuZvlad sauGlebeli fuZis principiT 

zmnaTa daJgufebas seriebad; ufro sworad, I da II seriis 

gamoKofas. `raica Seexeba III serias, mas sakuTari Tema ar gaaCnia

292 


da Cveulebriv igi an pirveli seriis Temas sargeblobs (ufro 

xSirad), an arada meorisas (ufro iSviaTad), an kidev sul sxva 

principze agebs Tavis formebs, vidre pirvelisa da meore seriis 

dro-kiloebi~ (a. SaniZe, 1930, gv. 138). amitomacaa, rom Temaze saubrisas 

ganixilaven I da II seriis viTarebas; III seriis SemTxveva- 

Si saerTo fuZis principi axal qarTulSi Zvelisagan arsebiTad 

gansxvavebulia, Tumca es sagangebo msJelobas sayiroebs. am sakiTxs 

III seriis formaTa warmoebis ganxilvisas davubrundebiT ($ 27). 

I seriis mwkrivTaTvis saKrden fuZes I seriis Tema ewodeba, 

II seriis mwkrivTaTvis saKrden fuZes _ II seriis Tema. 

gamoKofen erTTemian da orTemian zmnebs: è r T - T e m i a - 

n i a zmna, romelsac pirvelisa da meore seriis formebi erTsa 

da imave bazisze aqvs daKrdnobili. 

o r - T e m i a n i a zmna, romelsac pirvelsa da meore seria- 

Si gansxvavebuli Temebi moepoveba~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 388). magaliTad, 

erTemiania orTemiania 

(da)v-wer wer wer (da)v-xat xat xat-av xat av 

(da)v-wer wer wer-d-i wer (da)v-xat xat xat-av xat av av-d-i av 

(da)v-wer wer wer-d-i wer (da)v-xat xat xat-av xat av av-d-e av 

(da)v-wer wer wer-e wer (da)-v-xat xat xat-e xat 

(da)-v-wer wer wer-o wer (da)v-xat xat xat-o xat 

meore SemTxvevaSi xat xat martivi Temaa, xat xat-av xat av _ rTuli. martiv 

da rTul TemaTa ganmasxvavebel elements Te Temis Te mis ni niSa ni 

Sa Sani Sa ni daerqva 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 388). Temis niSnebad gamoKofen sufiqsebs: 

-i, -av, -am, -eb, -ob, -of, -em... 

saubroben g a v r c o b i l da g a u v r c o b e l Temazec; I 

seriis or mwkrivSi `Tema gavrcobili aqvs -d, an -od od od-is od darTviT, 

romelTac s a v r c o b s v e Z a x i T ~ (iqve, gv. 388). 

orTemianad miiCneva fuZis gaxmovanebiT dapirispirebuli 

zmnebic: 

I I se seria se ria II II se seria se ria 

v-grex v-grix-e 

v-grex-d-i v-grix-o 

v-grex-d-e 

saubaria mxolod im SemTxvevaze, roca I seriis Tema e gaxmovanebiTaa 

warmodgenili, xolo meore seriis Tema _ i gaxmo-

Tavi IV. I seriis formaTa warmoebis sakiTxebi 

vanebiT. vfiqrobT, unda visaubroT gaxmovanebis sxva variantzec: 

roca I seriis Tema uxmovnoa, meore seriisa _ a-xmovniani: 

v-zrd-i 

v-zrd-idi 

v-zrd-ide 

v-zard-e 

v-zard-o 

Tumca sanam am sakiTxze visaubrebT, amgvar zmnebSi -i sufiqsis 

raoba aris gasarkvevi. 

ra aris v-zrd-i, v-Tl-i, v-Tvl-i tipis zmnebSi -i bolosar- 

Ti? 

13 13....2222.... 13 13 ----i i i i elemen ele ele elemen 

mentis mentis 

tis tis Taooooba Ta Ta Ta ba baze baze 

ze ze zrd----iiii----s zrd zrd zrd s s s tipis ti ti tipis 

pis pis zmnebSi zmneb zmneb zmnebSi 

Si Si 

samecniero literaturaSi v-zrd zrd zrd-i zrd tipis zmnebTan awmKoSi 

gamovlenili i elementi Temis niSnad gaiazreba (a. SaniZe, 1973, 

gv. 388 da Semdeg). Kvela saxis gamokvlevasa Tu saxelmZGvanelo- 

Si es azri gaziarebulia. 

safuZveli amgvari gaazrebisa is aris, rom i gasdevs I seriis 

paradigmas Kvela mwkrivSi: 

(ga)-v-zrd-i 

(ga)-v-zrd-idi 

(ga)-v-zrd-ide 

Sdr.: v-kl-av av 

v-kl-av av av-di av 

v-kl-av av av-de av 

miGebuli ganmartebebis mixedviT, zrd zrd-i zrd saerTo fuZea pirveli 

seriis mwkrivTaTvis, amitom I seriis Temad iqna miCneuli: 

am zmnis meore seriis Tema iqneba zard zard: zard 

v-zard zard zard-e zard 

v-zard zard zard-o zard 

I da II seriebis TemaTa Sepirispirebam xeli SeuwKo i elementis 

Temis niSnad gaazrebas. 

vfiqrobT: i sxvadasxva odenobaa awmKosa da I seriis sxva 

mwkrivebSi; awmKoSi -i mwkrivis niSnad unda iqnes miCneuli, xolo 

sxva mwkrivebSi i i xmovniTi nawili Cans id id id sufiqsisa. ra 

gvaZlevs amgvari daskvnis gakeTebis safuZvels? 

1. Temis niSanTa sistemaSi i gancalkevebiT dgas. Temis niS- 

293

294 


nebad gamoiKofa av av, av 

, am am, am , eb eb, eb 

, ob ob, ob 

, em em, em 

, of of, of 

, ev (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 

389 da Semd.). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna a. SaniZe erT SemTxvevaSi Temis niSnad moixseniebs 

-o sufiqss wavaqci(v)o formaSi, Tumca imave o-sa 

da msgavs sufiqsebs sxvagan, da Cveulebriv, mwkrivis 

niSnebad miiCnevs da Cvenc ase ganvixilavT. 

struqtura Temis niSnebisa Kvela SemTxvevaSi erTgvaria: 

VC. gansxvavebuli struqturisa erTaderTi iqneba i, Tuki mas 

miviCnevT Temis niSnad... 

2. i i aris erTaderTi Temis niSnad miCneuli elementi, romelic 

ar Cans sawKisSi; sxva Temis niSnebi sawKisSi Cveulebriv 

iCens Tavs: cnobilia: `sawKisis niSania a, romelic daerTvis I seriis 

Temas, gauvrcobels, e. i. im Temas, romelic awmKos (an 

mKofadis) formebSi Cans~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 560). 

-av: 

-am: 

-eb: 

-of: 

-em: 

-ev: 

xat-v-a, 

dg-m-a, 

keT-eb eb eb-a, eb 

K-of of of-a... of 

c-em em em-a... em 

da-bn-ev ev ev-a... ev 

magram: zrd-i-s _ zrd-a 

Tl-i-s _ Tl-a 

Sl-i-s _ Sl-a 

Kr-i-s _ Kr-a... 

mal-v-a, 

b-m-a, 

Sen-eb eb eb-a, eb 

par-v-a... 

Ca-c-m-a... 

ga-G-eb eb eb-a... eb 

a. SaniZe Tvlis, rom à-s darTvis gamo in inian in zmnebSi ikveceba 

Temis niSani i~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 560). es daskvna Zneli gasaziarebelia: 

odenxmovniani elementis ukvalod gaqroba araa 

mosalodneli: morfologiuri TvalsazrisiT garTuldeboda 

formis mniSvnelobis gageba... amitom, sawKisebSi gamovlenili -a 

sufiqsis gavlenas ver mivawerT i elementis arqonas zrd zrd-a zrd tipis 

formebSi: Temis niSnebi Kvela SemTxvevaSi iqna SenarCunebuli; 

sxva zmnebSi sayiroebis SemTxvevaSi moxda sxvadasxva elementTa 

CarTva (n, , ol ol, ol 

, , om om...). 

om


i i elementis arqona sawKisur formebSi eyvs Segvataninebs 

imaSi, rom i Temis niSania. 

3. Cveulebriv I seriis Temas emKareba moqmedebiTi gvaris 

mimGeobac: 

xat-av av av-s av _ da-m-xat-v-el-i 

dg-am am am-s am _ da-m-dg-m-el-i 

aSen-eb eb eb-s eb _ m-Sen-eb eb eb-el-i eb 

Tm-ob ob ob-s ob _ da-m-Tm-ob ob ob-i ob 

K-of-s _ ga-m-K-of-i... 

magram: zrd-i-s _ m-zrd-el-i... 

miiCneven, rom -i, iseve rogorc sawKisSi, fonetikur niadagze 

aris gauCinarebuli (momdevno e xmovnis gavleniT) (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 570), Tumca iseve rogorc sawKisis SemTxvevaSi, 

arc am formaSia mosaldneli ì-s mokveca~. 

Se SeniS Se 


vna: vna : 1. Tavis droze morfemaTa miJnaze warmoqmnil 

xmovankompleqsebSi mimdinare fonetikuri procesebis 

Seswavlisas mivediT aseT daskvnamde: `qar- 

TulSi morfemaTa miJnaze warmoqmnil xmovan- 

TkompleqsTa gamartiveba _ elizia _ xdeba mxolod 

maSin, roca boloxmovnian sitKvas xmovniT 

dawKebuli sufiqsi daerTvis. eliziaSi ZiriTadad 

moqmedebs regresuli gavlenis principi. Tu 

gvxvdeba progresul gavlenaze damKarebuli elizia, 

am SemTxvevaSi elizirebul xmovanze garda 

maelizirebeli xmovnis gavlenisa, unda moqmedebdes 

meoreuli faqtorebic. eliziis ganxorcieleba 

damokidebulia xmovanTa aweulobasa da 

warmoebis rigze: rac ufro maGali aweulobisaa 

xmovani, erTi mxriv, miT metia misi gamZleoba 

eliziisadmi da, meore mxriv, misi maelizirebeli 

Zala~ (g. gogolaSvili, 1987, gv. 110). am daskvnidan 

gamomdinare, araa mosalodneli i xmovnis 

mokveca, miT umetes, a da e xmovanTa gavleniT. 

2. da kidev: roca saubroben -i `Temis niSnis~ 

295

296 


mokvecaze sawKisis an mimGeobis mawarmoebelTa 

gavleniT, analogiur magaliTebad mohKavT av av da 

am Temis niSanTa SemTxvevebi: xat-v-a, da-dg-m-a... 

SevniSnavT: odenxmovnian sufiqsTa nulTan mo- 

nacvleoba ar aris tolfasi VC tipis sufiqsiseuli 

xmovnis nulTan monacvleobisa (ix. $12.7). 

garkveuli morfologiuri daniSnulebis VC tipis 

sufiqsiseuli xmovnis dakargva ar qmnis sa- 

SiSroebas Sesabamisi funqciis miCqmalvisas _ TanxmovniTi 

elementi (uxmovno alomorfi) am daniSnulebas 

asrulebs. sxvagvaria viTareba odenxmovniani 

afiqsis gauCinarebis SemTxvevaSi: misi dakargva 

gamoiwvevs saTanado funqciis gauCinarebas. 

esaa CvenTvis erT-erTi argumenti, roca 

gamovricxavT saxelzmnebSi zrd zrd-i-s zrd tipis zmnebis 

awmKoSi dadasturebuli i elementis mokvecas. 

4. Zvel qarTulSi I TurmeobiTis warmoeba erTgvarovania 

Kvela TemisniSnian zmnaSi: I seriis rTuli Tema aris saKrdeni: 

aGu-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-ies, eb aGu-G-eb eb eb-ies, eb ganu-tf tf tf-ob tf ob ob-ies, ob miu-c-em em em-ies, em 

dau-mal mal mal-av mal av av-s, av dau-dg dg dg-am dg am am-s... am 

martivTemiani (erTemiani, fuZedrekadi) zmnebi martiv Temaze 

dairTaven -ies ies daboloebas: 

dau-wer wer wer-ies, wer mou-drek drek drek-ies... drek 

swored martivTemiani zmnebis msgavsad iwarmoebs I TurmeobiTs 

e. w. i TemisniSniani zmnebi: 

ganu-ƒrwn ƒrwn ƒrwn-ies, ƒrwn mou-gur gur gur-ies, gur uGuw Guw Guw-ies... Guw 

es faqtic, Cveni azriT, dasturia imisa, rom -i elementi 

zrd zrd-i-s zrd tipis zmnebSi ar aris Temis niSani. 

arsebiTi kiTxva: -i I seriis mTel paradigmaSi rom meordeba, 

es rogorc aixsnes? 

(ga)zrd-i-s 

(ga)zrd-i-d-a 

(ga)zrd-i-d-e-s 

mTavari saTqmeli: -i e l e m e n t i a r a r i s e r T i da 

i g i v e o d e n o b a a w m K o - m K o f a d s a d a s x v a m w k r i - 

v e b S i; awmKo-mKofadSi i mwkrivis kuTvnilebaa; ase vTqvaT,


mwkrivis niSania; iseTive bolosarTia (Tavisi funqciiT), rogoric 

vnebiTebSi (vTb-eb-i, vizrdeb-i...) Tu statikur zmnebSi (vici, 

vuwK-i, vicin-i, vtir-i...); me ar vsaubrob am zmnebSi warmodgenili 

i elementis genetur igiveobaze; funqciaa maTi erTi da 

igive: daerTvis awmKos formas da ar gadahKveba sxva mwkrivebSi. 

rac Seexeba uwKvetelsa da I kavSirebiTs, am formebSi warmodgenili 

-i i -id id sufiqsis xmovniTi nawilia. paradigma ase unda 

warmovidginoT: 

v-zrd-i 

v-zrd-id id id-i id 

v-zrd-id id id-e id 

-id id morfologiurad iseTive odenobaa, rogoric -d da 

-od od Sesabamis savrcobian mwkrivebSi. 

aris ki ase? SevecdebiT am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas ($ 14). 

manamde kidev ramdenime sakiTxi Temis niSanTan dakavSirebiT. 

13 13....3333. 13 13 . . . ----av av av av da da da da ----am am am am Temis Te Te Temis 

misniS misniS 

niSni niSni 

nian nian 

an an zmnaTa zmna zmna zmnaTa 

Ta Ta vnebi vne vne vnebi 

biTi biTi 

Ti Ti gvaris gva gva gvaris 

ris ris 

forma for for forma 

maTa maTa 

Ta Ta Sessssaaaaxeb Se Se Se xeb xeb xeb axal axal axal axal qarTul qar qar qarTulSi 

Tul TulSi 

Si Si 

axal qarTulSi zmnur formawarmoebaSi momxdar cvlileba- 

Tagan KuradGebas iqcevs -av av da -am am TemisniSnian zmnaTa vnebiTi 

gvaris formebis -eb eb sufiqsian warmoebaze gadasvlis faqti: 

Zv. qarT.: i-mal-v-i-s 

i-karg-v-i-s 

i-Tqm-i-s 

ax. qarT.: i-mal-eb-a 

i-karg-eb-a 

i-Tq-m-eb-a... 

viTareba TiTqos martivia _ Seicvala vnebiTis warmoebis 

tipi. ramdenime zmnam Zveli warmoebac Semogvinaxa: iwvis, iZvris, 

erTvis da misT. es cnobili faqtia. 

axal qarTulSi -av av av TemisniSniani zmnebi vnebiTis warmoebis 

mixedviT or Jgufad unda gaiKos: 

1. roca -av av Temis niSani -eb eb sufiqsian vnebiTebSi SenarCunebulia 

(fonetikurad saxecvlili _ xmovangauCinarebuli): 

297

298 


rg-av av av-s av 

rwK-av av av-s av 

xS-av av av-s av 

_ 

_ 

_ 

i-rg-v-eb-a 

i-rwK-v-eb-a 

i-xS-v-eb-a... 

2. roca -av av Temis niSani -eb eb sufiqsian vnebiTebSi ar 

gadahKveba zmnas: 

mal-av av av-s av 

xat-av av av-s av 

Tes-av av av-s av 

_ 

_ 

_ 

i-mal-eb eb eb-a eb 

i-xat-eb eb eb-a eb 

i-Tes-eb eb eb-a... eb 

rac Seexeba -am am Temis niSans, igi vnebiTis formebSi Kovel- 

Tvis SenarCunebulia (ra Tqma unda, fonetikurad saxecvlili _ 

xmovangauCinarebuli): 

a-b-am am am-s am 

a-dg-am am am-s am 

aG-i-qv-am am am-s am 

_ 

_ 

_ 

e-b-m-eb-a 

e-dg-m-eb-a 

aGi-q-m-eb-a (←aGiqvmeba)... 

SeiniSneba kanonzomiereba: -av av av Temis niSani vnebiTis formebSi 

gadahKveba zmnebs, romelTa Zireuli morfema umarcvloa; 

marcvlovani Zireuli morfemis mqone zmnebi -av av Temis niSans vnebiTis 

formebSi ar gamoavlenen. ramdenadac -am am TemisniSnian 

zmnaTa morfema Kvela SemTxvevaSi umarcvloa, vnebiTis formebSi 

-am am Temis niSani KovelTvisaa warmodgenili. 

amdenad, umarcvlo Zireuli morfemis Semcveli -av av da -am am 

TemisniSniani zmnebi moqmedebiTiseul Temas vnebiTis formebSi 

srulad warmogvidgens... kiTxvaze _ ra xdeba? _ pasuxis gacema 

iolad xerxdeba. kiTxvaze ratom? _ pasuxi yirs. 

umarcvlo Ziris mqone -av av TemisniSniani zmna arcTu cotaa: 

rg-av-s 

rT-av-s 

kl-av-s 

sxl-av-s 

Txz-av-s 

wn-av-s 

xn-av-s 

kr-av-s 

Zr-av-s 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

i-rg-v-eb-a 

i-rT-v-eb-a 

i-kl-v-eb-a → ikvleba 

i-sxl-v-eb-a → isxvleba 

i-Txz-v-eb-a 

i-wn-v-eb-a → iwvneba 

i-xn-v-eb-a → ixvneba 

i-kr-v-eb-a → ikvreba 

i-Zr-v-eb-a → iZvreba


xr-av-s 

miu-zG-av-s 

rwK-av-s 

xS-av-s 

aseve: wv-av-s 

fqv-av-s 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

-am am TemisniSnian zmnebSi: 

a-b-am-s 

a-dg-am-s 

sv-am-s 

gamo-Tqv-am-s 

aGi-qv-am-s 

Camo-a-cv-am-s 

Ca-nTq-am-s 

Semo-a-rtK-am-s 

gana-rTx-am-s 

Caa-sx-am-s 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

i-xr-v-eb-a → ixvreba 

mie-zG-v-eb-a 

i-rwK-v-eb-a 

i-xS-v-eb-a 

i-wv-eb-a ← i-wv-v-eb-a 

i-fqv-eb-a ← i-fqv-v-eb-a 

e-b-m-eb-a 

e-dg-m-eb-a 

i-sv-m-eb-a → ismeba 

gamo-i-Tqv-m-eb-a → gamoiqTmeba 

aG-i-qv-m-eb-a → aGiqmeba 

Camo-e-cv-m-eb-a → Camoecmeba 

Ca-i-nTq-m-eb-a 

Semo-e-rtK-m-eb-a 

gan-e-rTx-m-eb-a 

Ca-i-sx-m-eb-a... 

Cvens KuradGebas vnebiTis formaTa analizi iqcevs. 

faqtia, rom vnebiTSi moqmedebiTis formaTa Temis niSnebi 

SenarCunebulia (fonetikurad saxecvlili): 

rg-av av av-s av 

dg-am am am-s am 

_ 

_ 

i-rg-v-eb-a 

i-dg-m-eb-a 

uCveulo TiTqos araferia: qarTulSi aris SemTxvevebi, roca 

-av av TemisniSniani zmnaa, magram cur-a(v)-ob-s tipis zmnaTa 

formebSi -ob ob Temis niSani rTul Temas daerTo (am rigis magaliTebia 

xtunavs da xtuna(v)obs, goravs da gora(v)obs da 

misT...). 

aseve: S-ob-s _ Sv-a -ob ob (← v-eb) TemisniSniani zmnaa. dialeqtebSi 

amgvari formebic dasturdeba: Sob-am (`vSobam, Sen nu 

moukvdebi Cems Tavs, vSobam~ _ ilia). 

magram am rigis magaliTebSi -av av Tu -ob ob Temis niSani fuZes 

Sexorcebuli elementia, ramdenadac isini II seriis formebSic 

299

300 


gadahKveba zmnas da, amdenad, maTi Temis niSnad gaazreba aGar 

xdeba: cur-av-ob-s _ i-cur-av-a; Sob-am-s _ Sob-a (amis Taobaze 

ix. $ 17)... 

amgvarad, cur-av-ob-s Tu Sob-am-s tipis formaTa SemTxveva- 

Si faqti naTelia. icvleba fuZis struqtura, formawarmoebaSi 

es sirTules ara qmnis: Zveli Temis niSani fuZiseul elementad 

gaiazreba da zmna axal Temis niSans dairTavs. 

sxvagvaria viTareba Cvens SemTxvevaSi. i-rg-v-eb-a _ i-dg-m-eb- 

a tipis formebs v(← av) da m(← am) elementebi II seriaSi aGar 

gadahKveba: 

i-rg-v-eb-a 

i-dg-m-eb-a 

_ 

_ 

da-i-rg-a 

da-i-dg-a... 

ra kvalifikacia unda mieces v(← av) da m(← am) elementebs 

gansaxilvel formebSi? 

Tu maT Temis niSnebad miviCnevT, gamodis, rom erT struqturaSi 

erTi sistemis ori elementia warmodgenili, rac Tavis- 

Tavad dauSvebelia da, saerTod, aris ki SesaZlebeli v(← av), 

m(← am) da -eb elementebis damoukidebel morfologiur elemen- 

tebad miCneva? vfiqrobT, rom ara: v-eb(← av-eb), m-eb(← am-eb) 

gansaxilveli tipis zmnebSi erTi morfologiuri odenobaa da 

misi daSla morfologiis doneze ar moxerxdeba. Kovel SemTxvevaSi, 

Tu davSliT, SeuZlebeli iqneba maTTvis cal-calke funqciis 

misadageba. 

aGniSnul formaTa saanalizod sxva tipis vnebiTebis moSvelieba 

(mag.: xat-av-s _ i-xat-eb-a...) da amis safuZvelze i r g v e - 

b a - i d g m e b a formebSi oden -eb sufiqsis gamoKofa, ar iqneboda 

gamarTlebuli. 

veb (← av-eb), meb (← am-eb), Cveni azriT, erTi morfologiuri 

odenobaa; isini gansaxilveli tipis zmnaTa I seriis fuZis 

mawarmoeblad unda miviCnioT da kvalificirebuli unda iqnes 

rogorc rTuli Temis niSnebi; amdenad, Temis niSanTa sistemaSi 

martiv (-av, -am, -eb, -ob...) Temis niSanTa gverdiT unda iqnes 

warmodgenili rTuli veb veb(← veb aveb), meb meb(← meb ameb) Temis niSnebic, 

romlebic umarcvlo Ziris mqone -av da -am TemisniSnian moqmedebiTi 

gvaris zmnaTa Sesabamis vnebiTebTan gamoiKeneba.


13 13....4444. 13 13 . . . ev ev//// ev ev iv iv iv iv sufiq su su sufiqsi 

fiq fiqsi 

siaaaani si ni ni ni vnebi vne vne vnebi 

biTi biTi 


ris ris formaTa formaTa formaTa formaTa 

Sesa Se Se Sesa 

saxeb saxeb 

xeb xeb axal axal axal axal qarTul qar qar qarTulSi 

Tul TulSi 

Si Si 

ev/iv sufiqsi gvxvdeba rogorc moqmedebiTi, aseve vnebiTi 

gvaris zmnebSi (-ev pirveli seriis formebTan, -iv→i _ meore seriis 

formebTan): 

awmKo awmKo: awmKo 

ao aoris ao 

ris risti risti 

ti: ti 

moqm. vneb. 

(a)-i/u-r-ev-s 

a-i/u-r-i(v)-a 

(a)-i/e-r-ev-a 

a-i/e-r-i(v)-a 

axal qarTulSi vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa umetesobas -ev(→iv) 

sufiqsi meore seriis formebSi aGar gadahKveba (daingra, daimsxvra, 

SeinZra, daibna...); -ev sufiqsian zmnaTa mcire nawilma Zveli 

viTareba Semoinaxa (air-i-a, gaiw-i-a, dail-i-a, daet-i-a...); 

zmnaTa erTma Jgufma paraleluri formebi gaiCina (daexva º daexvia, 

daixa º daixia, SeemTxva º SeemTxvia, gaeTra º gaeTria...). -ev 

sufiqsian zmnaTa vnebiTis formebis axali tipis warmoebaze 

gadasvlis procesi dasrulebuli ar aris. tendencia aSkaraa da 

xangrZlivi istoria aqvs (saTaves Zvel qarTulSi iGebs). 

es movlena samecniero literaturaSi, ra Tqma unda, SeniSnulia 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 413). meore seriis formebSi iv formantis 

dakargva inian vnebiTebSi omoformaTa Tavidan acilebiT 

(Sdr.: daingria man is / daingria is > daingra), xolo enian vne- 

biTebSi analogiiT (daengra < daengria procesi daingra formis 

analogiiT xdebao) aixsneba. 

vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia sakiTxis sxvagvarad dasma: 

axal qarTulSi vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa awmKos warmoebis 

ori ZiriTadi Kalibi arsebobs: a) Ziri + Temis niSani + i (Tbeb-i, 

e-rT-ob-i...). 

b) Ziri + d + Temis niSani + i (ber-d-eb-i...). 

Kvela tipis vnebiTi am or KalibSi Tavsdeba. gamonakliss 

qmnida mxolod -ev/-iv sufiqsiani zmnebi (ev/iv aGweris doneze Zireul 

masalad ganixileba _ a-rev-s / a-riv-a; Sdr.: drek-s (drik-a). 

Kalibis gavlenis Sedegad gansaxilveli tipis zmnebSi moxda 

-ev/-iv formantis gadaazrianeba da funqciurad misi gaigiveba 

Temis niSnebTan (-eb, -av...); aman ki meore seriis formebSi -iv 

301

302 


formantis gaqroba gamoiwvia : i-ngr-ev-a / da-i-ngr-a (Sdr.: i-Sleb-a 

/ gai-Sal-a). 

amgvarad, Cveni azriT, vnebiTi gvaris -ev sufiqsian zmnaTa 

axali tipis warmoebaze gadasvlis tendencia Sinaarsobrivad 

identur formaTa formobrivad erTgvar KalibSi moqcevis faqtia. 

am faqtma arsebiTi xasiaTis koreqtivi Semoitana enaSi: geneturad 

(da funqciurad) erTi da igive -ev formanti vnebiTebsa 

da Sesabamis moqmedebiTebSi sxvadasxvagvarad unda iqnes kvalificirebuli: 

vnebiTebSi _ rogorc Temis niSani; moqmedebi- 

TebSi _ Zirs Sexorcebuli, amjamad morfologiurad ufunqcio 

elementi. 

$ $ 14 14. 14 

. Te Temis Te 

mis ga gavrco ga 

vrco vrcoba 

ba. ba sa savrco sa 

vrco vrcobi vrco bi 

14 14....1111. 14 14 . . . sa savrco sa savrcobis 

vrco vrcobis 

bis bis raoooobi ra ra ra bi bisa bisa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis 

Tu rogor unda iqnes gaazrebuli -id id id daboloeba _ erT 

morfologiur odenobad Tu or morfemad, am sakiTxis garkveva 

uwKvetlis warmoebasTanaa dakavSirebuli. 

viciT: uwKveteli awmKosagan xazovani principiT nawarmoebi 

mwkrivia; asea es Kvela tipis zmnasTan. 

uwKvetlis fuZes awmKos fuZisagan e. w. savrcobi awarmoebs: 

v-wer wer → v-wer wer wer-d, wer 

va-keT keT keT-eb keT eb → va-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-d, eb 

v-tir tir tir-i tir 

→ v-tir tir tir-od tir od od-i... od 

savrcobian fuZes g a v r c o b i l T e m a s uwodeben (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 388). 

savrcobad Cveulebriv miiCneven -d da -od od od morfemebs (gavrcelebuli 

terminologiiT _ doniani zmnebi da odiani zmnebi). 

TiTqosda iZebneba -d da -od od sufiqsTa ganawilebis principic: 

`gavrcobili Tema vnebiTi gvaris zmnisa KovelTvis od od-iT od 

aris nawarmoebi: vi-qeb qeb qeb-i qeb _ vi-qeb qeb qeb-od qeb od od-i; od v-Savd Savd Savd-eb Savd eb eb-i eb _ v-Savd Savd Savd-eb Savd eb- eb 

od od-i; od v-Tbeb Tbeb Tbeb-od Tbeb od od-i od da misT. amave savrcobs dairTavs saSuali


zmnebi, romelTac awmKoSi mwkrivis niSnad i aqvT (...): xt xt-i-s xt 

_ 

xt xt-od xt 

od od-a, od h-Sven Sven Sven-i-s Sven _ h-Sven Sven Sven-od Sven od od-a... od gamonaklisis saxiT egeve od od 

aqvs ramdenime gardamaval zmnas, romelTac gaformebis TvalsazrisiT 

vnebiTisebri niSnebi aqvs awmKoSi (an mKofadSi): isvr-i-s 

_ isvr-od od od-a, od itKv-i-s _ itK-od od od-a~ od (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 417). 

Kvela danarCeni zmna d savrcobs dairTavs... 

viTareba TiTqos martivia, magram problema Seqmna -av av av/ av -am am 

TemisniSnianma zmnebma Zvel qarTulSi. gavixsenoT -av/-am TemisniSnian 

zmnaTa uwKvetlis paradigma: 

v-kl-ev ev ev-d-(i) ev 

h-kl-ev ev ev-d-(i) ev 

kl-v-id id id-a id 

v-kl-ev ev ev-d-i-T ev 

h-kl-ev ev ev-d-i-T ev 

kl-v-id id id-es id 

v-su-em em em-d-(i) em 

h-su-em em em-d-(i) em 

su-m-id id id-a id 

v-su-em em em-d-i-T em 

h-su-em em em-d-i-T em 

su-m-id id id-es id 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: 

: 1. am SemTxvevaSic -am am TemisniSnianebi iseve 

iuGvlian, rogorc -av av TemisniSnianebi. amitom 

visaubrebT -av av TemisniSnianebze. daskvnebi gavrceldeba 

-am am TemisniSnianebzec. 

2. III piris daboloeba -vid vid vid- vid aris warmodgenili 

I xolmeobiTisa da I kavSirebiTis Kvela forma- 

Si; aseve: e. w. Ì brZanebiTis~ III piris mravlobi- 

Tis formaSi (kl-vid-ed); amave e. w. Ì brZanebi- 

Tis~ sxva formebSi I-II pirTa variantia warmodgenili 

-ev-d d (kl-evd, kl-evd-i-n...). 

es paradigma mraval kiTxvas aGZravs: 

_ ras warmoadgens I da II piris formebSi gamovlenili e 

xmovniani varianti -ev/-em? 

_ ra mimarTebaa awmKoSi gamovlenil a xmovnian variantebsa 

(-av/-am) da e xmovnian variantebs Soris? 

_ romeli sufiqsis uxmovno variantia III piris formebSi 

gamovlenili -v/ -m? 

_ ras warmoadgens III piris formebSi gamovlenili i xmovani: 

damoukidebeli elementia Tu id id bolosarTis nawili? 

303

304 


samecniero literaturaSi iKo mcdeloba Kvela am kiTxvaze 

pasuxis gacemisa. SevecdebiT Tvali gadavavloT am sikiTxis Sesaxeb 

arsebul mosazrebebs da Cveneuli Sefaseba mivceT faqtebs... 

14 14....2222. 14 14 . . . ----av av av//// av ----am am am am Temis Te Te Temis 

misniS misniS 

niSni niSni 

nian nian 


Ta Ta para pa pa para 

radig radigma 

dig digma 

ma ma Zvel Zvel Zvel Zvel 

qar qarTul qar qarTulSi 

Tul TulSi 

Si Si da da da da masTan mas mas masTan 

Tan Tan daka da da daka 

kavvvvSi ka Si Sire Sire 

rebu rebu 

buli buli 

li li proble prob prob proble 

leme leme 

mebi mebi 

bi bi 

msJelobas daviwKebT bolo kiTxvidan: rogor unda iqnes gaazrebuli 

-id id id daboloeba: 

III piris formas a. SaniZe aseT axsnas aZlevs: ìm zmnebs, romelTac 

Temis niSnad -av av da -am am aqvT, uwKvetlis 1-lisa da me-2 

sub. piris formebSi (saTanadod I brZanebiTis formebSi) Temis 

niSnis xmovani a SeecvlebaT e-d, xolo me-3 sub. piris formebSi 

i-nis saSualebiT daukavSirdeba d savrcobs, ris gamoc winamavali 

xmovani, Temis niSnisa, amoGebul iqneba: vklav, hklav, klavs, 

vklevd(i), hklevd(i), klvida; Sevabemd(i), Seabemd(i), Seabmida. me- 

3 sub. pirSi amgvarad miGebuli fuZe gadadis uwKvetlis xolmeobiTisa 

da I kavSirebiTis (I mKofadis) Kvela sub. pirSi: vkvlidi, 

vkvlide, Sevabmidi, Sevabmide da sxva~ (a. SaniZe, 1976, gv. 94). 

movlenis axsna amgvarivea `gramatikis safuZvlebSi~: àv av avian av 

da am amian am 

zmnebSi Zvelad a-s e cvlida pirvelsa da meore sub. 

pirSi, mesameSi ki do donis do 

win i Cndeboda, romelic winamaval xmovans 

amoiGebda~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 425). 

suraTi aseTia: 

1. av av → ev ev (mizezi ar saxeldeba) 

2. ev ev-d ev 

→ ev ev-i-d ev 

(i Cndebao; TanxmovangamKari?) 

3. ev ev-i-d ev 

→ v-i-d (reduqcia ivaraudeba) 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna faqtobriv, es Tvalsazrisi aris warmodgenili da 

gacilebiT ufro `Grmad~ l. kiknaZis sakmaod 

vrcel naSromSi (l. kiknaZe, 1947, gv. 317-344), 

Tumca msJelobas damaJerebloba aklia. l. kiknaZis 

naSromze daKrdnobiT amave azrs eTanxmebian i. da 

v. imnaiSvilebi (i. da v. imnaiSvilebi, 1996, gv. 

126-129). 

procesis amgvari gaazreba kiTxvebs amravlebs:


a) ra aris mizezi a→e gadabgerebisa? 

b) ra fonetikuri aucilebloba iKo i xmovnis gaCenisa III 

pirSi, roca aseTi ram ar xdeba I-II pirebSi (igive Tanxmovankompleqsi 

warmoiqmneba _ vd vd)? vd 

g) gaCenil xmovans (TanxmovangasaKars!) Seswevs ki Zala sufiqsiseuli 

xmovnis reduqciisa? cxadia, ara. 

Kvela es kiTxva eyqveS dagvaKenebinebs movlenis axsnis warmodgenili 

variantis yeSmaritebas. 

III piris formaSi warmodgenil daboloebas (id) erT odenobad 

ar ganixilavs arn. Ciqobavac. Tumca movlenis axsna principulad 

gansxvavebulia: avtori, erTi mxriv, I-II da, meore mxriv, 

III piris formebSi warmodgenil fuZeTa sxvaobas amgvarad xsnis: 

àq ori ori ori gan gansxva gan gansxva 

sxvave 

vebu 

buli bu li warmo warmoeba warmo ba unda gvqondes: erTi -ev ev ev- ev sufiqsiania, 

meore -av av av- av sufiqsiani. orive es sufiqsi àwmKosia~, 

oGond pirvels araferi daerTvis, meores ki -i daerTvoda~ 


orgvari paradigma ivaraudeba awmKoSi: 

I. v-h-kiTx-ev 

h-kiTx-ev 

h-kiTx-ev-s 

II. v-h-kiTx-v-i (← vhkiTxavi) 

h-kiTx-v-i 

h-kiTx-v-i-s 

Sesabamisad uwKvetlis paradigma iqneboda: 

v-h-kiTx-ev-d 

h-kiTx-ev-d 

h-kiTx-ev-d-a 

v-h-kiTx-v-i-d 

h-kiTx-v-i-d 

h-kiTx-v-i-d-a 

KuradGebas mivapKrobT im faqts, rom i awmKodan gadmoKolil 

sufiqsad gaiazreba da igi gatolebulia qmn qmn-i-s qmn tipis 

zmnaTa awmKoSi gamovlenil i sufiqsTan, romelic uwKvetelSic 

gadahKveba: qmn-i-d-a; es igive e. w. i Temis niSania... 

amgvari ganmartebiT -av av sufiqsiseuli xmovnis dakargvis safuZveli 

-i sufiqsia... 

sagulisxmod migvaCnia is dakvirvebac, rom uwKvetlis orive 

paradigmis Kvela wevri realuri formaa, Zvel qarTulSi: `-vid vid vid- 

vid 

305

306 


(hkiTxvida) mesame pirSi gvxvdeba, -ev ev ev-d- ev (vhkiTxevd, hkiTxevd) 

pirvelsa da meoreSio; es mTlad zusti araa; marTalia, -v-i-d- 

Cveulebrivad mesame pirSi dasturdeba, magram pirvelsa da meore 

pirSic SeiZleba Segvxvdes. amisda kvalad -v-i-d- tips saku- 

Tari samive piri ewarmoeboda: vhkiTxvid-i, hkiTxvid-i, hkiTxvid-a. 

-ev ev ev-d- ev TiTqos mxolod da mxolod pirveli ori piriTaaa warmodgenili; 

magram ar iTqmis, mesameSi ar gvxvdebao, metad iSvia- 

Tad, magram mesame pirSic gvaqvs~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1948, gv. 99). es 

gansakuTrebiT iTqmis saSuali qarTulis Sesaxeb (i. GutiZe, 

1999-b). 

I paradigmis III piris (-ev-d-a/es) araerTi magaliTi daadastura 

z. sarJvelaZem X-XI saukuneebis ZeglebSi (z. sarJvelaZe, 

1984, gv. 448), Tumca avtori maT meoreulad miiCnevs, `xdeba paradigmis 

gasworebao~. 

arn. Ciqobavas azriT, moxda I da II paradigmis formaTa SerwKma: 

`-ev ev ev-d- ev (pirveli ori pirisa) da -v-i-d- mesame pirisa~ (arn. 

Ciqobava, 1948, gv. 100); miviGeT e. w. `Sereuli paradigma~, rac 

araa uCveulo movlena qarTulisaTvis. amgvari Serevis Sedegia 

supleturi paradigmebi (ix. $ 10); aseTi araa iSviaTi wKvetilis 

warmoebaSic (ix. $ 24.4). sagulisxmoa is faqtic, rom movlenas 

dialeqturi axsna eZleva: `-ev ev ev-d- ev erTi dialeqturi wris faqti 

Cans, -v-i-d- meorisa (-e-v-d- warmoebasac, -v-i-d warmoebasac Tavisi 

Kvela piri moepoveboda~) (arn. Ciqobava, 1948, gv. 100). 

am ukanaskneli Tvalsazrisis dasturad gveCvena is faqtic, 

rom axali qarTulis dialeqtebSi orive tipis paradigma gvaqvs 

(cxadia, saliteraturo normatiuli paradigmis gverdiT): 

I. v-mal-av av av-d-i av 

mal-av av av-d-i av 

mal-av av av-d-a av 

II. v-mal-ev ev ev-d-i ev 

v-mal-ev ev ev-d-i ev 

v-mal-ev ev ev-d-a ev 

III. v-mal-v-id id id-i id 

mal-v-id id id-i id 

mal-v-id id id-a id 

I paradigma, rogorc vTqviT, gvaqvs saliteraturo qarTulsa 

da dialqteTa umravlesobaSi (qarTluri, kaxuri, qvemoimeruli...); 

II paradigma gvaqvs ZiriTadad aGmosavleT saqarTvelos 

mTis dialeqtebsa da zemoimerulSi; III paradigma _ gurulsa da 

ayarulSi (sporadulad rayulSic) (b. JorbenaZe, 1995, gv. 377- 

379; i. GutiZe, 1999-a).


ase rom, Zveli qarTulisaTvis (da axali qarTulis dialeqtebisaTvis) 

faqtia -av av av/ av -ev ev ev, ev , -am/ -em em sufiqsTa paraleluri povniereba. 

arsebobs a/e xmovanTa urTierTmimarTebis sxvagvari axsnac: 

uwKvetlis paradigmaSi -av av av/ av -am am sufiqsiseuli xmovnis umlauti 

moaxdina -id id id sufiqsiseulma i-m, Tavad ki daikargao; anu: 

mal-av-id-a → mal-ev-id-a → mal-ev-d-a (g. deetersi, 1930, gv. 

134). misaGebia am Tvalsazrisis kritika (arn. Ciqobava, 1964, gv. 

129). sxva TvalsazrisiT, Soreul istoriul warsulSi paralelur 

variantTagan amosavlad e xmovaniani varianti miiCneva (arn. 

Ciqobava, 1964, gv. 128); Tumca amJerad Cveni interesi ase Sors 

ar midis. 

erTi kia: paraleluri a º e (da oo-c) 

o xmovniani variantebis 

arseboba sufiqsebisa araa uCveulo qarTulisaTvis. v. Tofuria 

amgvari saxiT warmogvidgens sufiqsTa sistemas qarTulSi: 

-av av av, av 

-ev ev ev, ev 

-ov ov ov, ov 

-am am am, am 

-em em em, em 

-om om om, om 

*-ab ab ab, ab 

-eb eb eb, eb 

-ob ob ob, ob 

*-af af af 

*-ef ef 

-of of 

-an an an, an -al al al, al -ar ar ar, ar -ad ad ad, ad 

-en en en, en -el el el, el -er er er, er -ed ed ed, ed 

-on on on 

-ol ol ol, ol -or or or, or -od od od. od 

(v. Tofuria, 1942, gv. 489) 

amgvarad, a da e xmovniani variantebis arseboba -av av av/ av -am am TemisniSnian 

zmnaTa uGlebaSi gamonaklisi ar Cans, Tumca kiTxva 

isev iCens Tavs: ratom moxda uwKvetlis paradigmaSi formaTa 

Sereva? arc es movlena Cans ucxo da uCveulo qarTulisaTvis: I- 

II piris formaTa erTgvarovneba da gansxvaveba III piris formisagan. 

am movlenaze vrclad gvqonda saubari (ix. $ 10). 

zemowarmodgenili msJelobebidan faqtia, rom -vid vid vid- vid daboloebaSi 

i da d elementebi sxvadasxva odenobebadaa miCneuli 

(a. SaniZe, arn. Ciqobava, l. kiknaZe...). 

-av av TemisniSnian zmnaTa uwKvetlis formebze msJelobisas 

id id daboloebas dauSlelad, erT morfologiur odenobad warmoadgens 

g. deetersi (g. deetersi, 1930, gv. 134). misi azriT, 

-ev ev ev-d- ev da -v-id id id- id daboloebaTaTvis amosavalia -av av av-id av id id-. id erTi 

mxriv, -av av av-id av id daboloebis i ikargeba da iwvevs winamavali a xmovnis 

umlauts (a → e); meore mxriv, i i iwvevs winamavali xmovnis 

reduqcias. anu, amosavali -av av av-id av id id- id daboloebis ganviTarebis ori 

307

308 


gzis Sedegad miviGeT orgvari daboloeba, romlebic erTi paradigmis 

farglebSi gadanawilda: 

-av av av-id av id id- id 

av av-d av 

→ ev-d (i-s dakargvam gamoiwvia a xmovnis umlauti) 

v-id id (i i iwvevs winamavali a-s reduqcias) 

ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli orgvari ganviTareba movlenisa 

da ratom moxda es erTi paradigmis farglebSi, amis Taobaze 

araferia Tqmuli... magram Cven KuradGebas mivaqcevT or moments: 

a) v (vid daboloebisa) aris av sufiqsis xmovandakarguli varianti 

da b) id id erT morfologiur odenobad aris gaazrebuli. 

Tumca araa saubari id id id formantis raobaze. orive es Tvalsazrisi 

CvenTvis misaGebia da damaJerebeli... 

sagangebo KuradGebas imsaxurebs v. Tofurias Tvalsazrisi 

CvenTvis saintereso dabolebis (id id id) id Sesaxeb. 1931 wels `svanur 

zmnaSi~ namKo usrulis formantTa funqciebis ganxilvisas avtori 

SeniSnavs: `qarTulsa da megrulSi namKousruls -d awarmoebs 

(Tu, ra Tqma unda, -i sufiqsian gardauvalebSi gamovlenil 

-o-s [vdi-o-d-i, tir-o-d-a] mxedvelobaSi ar miviGebT). sq.: 

da agreTve -av, -am sufiqsianebSi savaraudebel -id id id'sac~ id (v. Tofuria, 

1967, gv. 103). 

uwKvetlis -d sufiqsis gverdiT aKenebs avtori od da id id 

(-av/-am sufiqsianebSi gamovlenil) sufiqsebs. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : od sufiqsis (tir-od od od-a) od daSlili saxiT warmodgena, 

vfiqrobT, xazgasmaa d da od sufiqsTa genetur 

(da funqciur?) igiveobaze. 

svanuris namKo usrulis formantTagan _ -d, , , -da da da, 

, -ˆd ˆd ˆd, 

, -ˆda ˆda 

_ v. Tofurias azriT, `ZiriTadi formantia -ˆd ˆd ˆd. ˆd ai, aq grZeldeba 

msJeloba CvenTvis sainteresod (sqolioSi): 

`damafiqrebelia Zvels qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi namKousrulisa 

da koniunqtivi I-is warmoebisas -av av da -am am sufiqsian 

zmnaTa fuZis Secvla, saxeldobr: 

S e v s w i r - e v - d madlobasa (wKaroTa miTiTebas citataSi


aGar gadmovwerT _ g. g.) _ S e v s w i r - v - i d - e - T. 

S e s w i r - e v - d - i Tavsa T‚ssa msxuerplad; 

S e s w i r - v - i d - a msxuerplTa sulierTa; 

g a s T e l - e v - d - a (xevs.)... kl-ev-d-es, uz-em-d-a, ub-em-diT, 

far-v-id-a, dg-m-id-a (fereidn.)... da ase zemoimerulsa, Java- 

xursa da sxvaSi. Tu damtkicda, rom Seswirvida ← *Seswir-av- 

id-a, xolo Sevswir-ev-d ← *Sevswir-av-id, e. i. pirvel magaliT- 

Si -a-s reduqcias aqvs adgili da meoreSi ki amoGebuli -i-s mier 

winamavali -a-s damsgavsebas, maSin qarT. namoKousrulis mawarmoebel 

-id id formantis SesatKvisad svanurSi -ˆd ˆd Tavisuflad 

daiSveba~ (v. Tofuria, 1967, gv. 105). 

sagulisxmoa, rom v. Tofuria faqtobriv iziarebs g. deetersis 

Tvalsazrissa da Seamagrebs mas svanur SesatKvis masalas- 

Tan SedarebiT, Tumca g. deetersis naSromze miTiTeba ar xdeba. 

sxva SemTxvevaSi v. Tofuria ganmartavs: ès saKuradGebo gamokvleva 

(g. deetersi, 1930 _ g. g.), samwuxarod, mxolod maSin 

SevZeliT dagvemuSavebina, roca gverdebi Sekruli iKo, amitom 

igi saTanado adgilas ar aris gamoKenebuli~ (v. Tofuria, 1967, 

gv. 242). es SeniSvna imdenad aris saKuradGebo, ramdenadac Sexeduleba 

-id id id savrcobis Taobaze damoukideblad CamoKalibebuli 

Cans; miT umetes, svanur masalasTan misi dakavSireba. vfiq- 

robT, savsebiT gasaziarebelia varaudi _ -av av av-id av id → vv-id 

v id _ procesis 

Taobaze; Tumca, rogorc g. deetersis SexedulebasTan da- 

kavSirebiT vTqviT, damaJerebloba aklia av av-id av 

id → av av- av d → ev ev -d 

procesis daSvebas. 

id id daboloebas erT formantad gaiazrebs z. sarJvelaZec; 

-av/-am TemisniSniani zmnebis Sesaxeb msJelobisas daaskvnis: `Tu 

Temis niSani uxmovno variantiTaa warmodgenili (-v, -m), savrcobad 

-id id gvevlineba~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 1997, gv. 113). Tumca am 

Tvalsazriss wignis redaqtori, prof. k. danelia, sadavod miiCnevs 

(iqve, gv. 4). 

-d sufiqsis tolfas odenobad gaiazrebs -id id daboloebas 

b. JorbenaZec (b. JorbenaZe, 1995, gv. 376). 

-id id daboloebis -d da -od od savrcobTa tolfas odenobad 

gaazrebisaTvis Girssacnobia mTis dialeqtTa Cveneba: 

fSauris, xevsurulisa da TuSuris xolmeobiTis mwkrivTa 

warmoeba naTeli magaliTia imisa, rom -id id da -od od sxvadasxva di- 

309

310 


aleqtTa mier erTi da imave morfologiuri daniSnulebiT 

gamoKenebuli sufiqsebia: 

Tu TuSur Tu TuSur 

Sur-xev Sur xev xevsu 

suru 

ruli ru li fSa fSauri fSa ri 

I x o l m e o b i T i 

v-wer-d-id id id-i(T) id 

v-wer-d-od od od-i(T) od 

s-wer-d-id id id-i(T) id 

s-wer-d-od od od-i(T) od 

wer-d-i-s/an wer-d-i-s/an 

II x o l m e o b i T i 

(da)-v-wer-id id id-i(T) id 

(da)-v-wer-od od od-i od 

(da)-s-wer-id id id-i(T) id 

(da)-s-wer-od od od-i od 

(da)-wer-i-s/an (da)-wer-i-s 

am sakiTxs vrclad ganvixilavT 26-e paragrafSi. winswrebiT 

davimowmebT momdevno msJelobas: is faqti, rom TuSurSi, xevsurulsa 

da fSaurSi xolmeobiTis mwkrivTa warmoebaSi arsebiTi 

msgavsebaa _ I-II piris formaTa garTuleba xdeba savrcobi elementiT 

(-od/-id) _ konvergenciis procesis moqmedebis Sedegad 

unda iqnes miCneuli. 

rac Seexeba arsebiT gansxvavebas _ TuSur-xevsuruli -id id id, id 

fSauri _ -od od _ dialeqtTa urTierTgamiJvnis tendenciis moqmedebis 

Sedegi unda iKos: am SemTxvevaSi dialeqturi gansxvavebulobisadmi, 

dialeqturi Taviseburebebisadmi damokidebuleba 

Segnebulia _ enobrivi cnobierebis doneze xdeba. fSaveli Tavis 

fSavlobas gansxvavebuli enobrivi formebiT warmoadgens. iseve, 

rogorc xevsuri (Tu TuSi) Tavis xevsurobas (Tu TuSobas) swored 

xevsuruli (Tu TuSuri) metKvelebis TaviseburebebiT gamoavlens. 

amJerad CvenTvis arsebiTi is aris, rom erTi da imave mizniT 

tolfasi enobrivi saSualebebidan (-id/-od) erTi dialeqti 

erT mawarmoebels gamoiKenebs, meore _ sxvas. 

amas miviCnevT Cven erT-erT mTavar argumentad imis samtkiceblad, 

rom -id id aris -d da -od od formantTa tolfasi morfologiuri 

odenoba.


14 14....3333. 14 14 . . . ----dddd, , , , ----id id id, id, 

, , ----od od od od savrcob sa sa savrcobTa 

vrcob vrcobTa 

Ta Ta ganawi gana gana ganawi 

wile wile 

lebis lebis 

bis bis 

sa safuZ sa safuZve 

fuZ fuZve 

veli veli 

li li I I I I seri se se seri 

riaaaaSi ri Si Si Si 

davubrundeT Temis savrcobTa Taobaze gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss: 

-od od s a v r c o b s d a i r T a v s _ 

a) vnebiTi gvaris Kvela zmna (izrdeba _ izrdeb-od-a, emaleba 

_ emaleb-od-a, berdeba _ berdeb-od-a, Tbeba _ Tbeb-od-a). 

gavixsenoT: mwkrivis niSnad awmKoSi vnebiTebs -i aqvT. 

b) saSuali gvaris is zmnebi, romleTac awmKoSi mwkrivis 

niSnad i aqvT (xt-i-s _ xt-od-a, Kvav-i-s _ Kva(v)-od-a...) 

g) e. w. deponensebi: (isvris _ isr-od-a, itKvis _ itK-od-a) 

d) gardamaval statikur zmnebs: ic-i-s _ ic-od-a, uwK-i-s _ 

uwK-od-a... 

moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebs, a. SaniZis azriT, ìqneba es Tema 

martivi Tu rTuli, sul erTia, orTav unda daematos -d, romelsac 

savrcobi hqvia~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 409). vTqviT isic, 

rom a. SaniZisaTvis -id id id savrcobi ar arsebobs... 

Cveni zemowarmodgenili msJelobidan gavixsenoT: zrd zrd-i-s zrd 

tipis zmnebSi -i mwkrivis niSania da, Sesabamisad: savrcobian 

mwkrivebSi savrcobi -id id sufiqsia: 

v-zrd-i v-qmn-i v-Toxn-i 

v-zrd-id id id-i id v-qmn-id id id-i id 

v-Toxn-id id id-i id 

v-zrd-id id id-e id v-qmn-id id id-e id 

v-Toxn-id id id-e id 

mivaqcioT KuradGeba: sami Jgufi gamoiKofa e. w. i TemisniSnian 

zmnebSi (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 394): 

a) zmnebi, romelTa saKrden Zireul morfemaSi a xmovania 

reducirebuli: 

v-zrd zrd zrd-i zrd 

v-Tl Tl Tl-i Tl 

v-Txr Txr Txr-i Txr 

v-sJ sJ sJ-i sJ 

v-Gvr Gvr Gvr-i Gvr 

v-cd cd cd-i cd 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

v-zard zard zard-e zard 

v-Tal Tal Tal-e Tal 

v-Txar Txar Txar-e Txar 

v-saJ saJ saJ-e saJ 

v-Gvar Gvar Gvar-e Gvar 

v-cad cad cad-e... 

cad 

311

312 


b) zmnebi, romelTa saKrden Zireul morfemaSi e xmovani 

aris reducirebuli: 

v-brdGvn brdGvn brdGvn-i brdGvn 

v-qmn qmn qmn-i qmn 

vu-ZGvn ZGvn ZGvn-i ZGvn 

v-cr cr cr-i cr 

v-yr yr yr-i yr 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

(da)v-brdGven brdGven brdGven-i brdGven 

(Se)-v-qmen qmen qmen-i qmen 

vu-ZGven ZGven ZGven-i ZGven 

(ga)-v-cer cer cer-i cer 

(ga)-v-yer yer yer-i... yer 

g) zmnebi, romelTac `Temis niSnis win infiqsi n aqvs~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 394): 

v-gzavn-i 

v-kocn-i 

v-Zebn-i 

v-Toxn-i 

vi-povn-i 

v-Jobn-i 

rogorc vTqviT, bolokiduri n afiqsad miiCneva; Cveulebriv 

ar yirs misi gamonawevreba (Sdr.: a-koc-a, e-Zeb-a, i-pov-a, a- 

Job-a...); Tu imas gaviTvaliswinebT, rom I da II Jgufis zmnaTaTvis 

awmKos formis saKrdeni SekumSuli morfemaa, III Jgufis zmnaTa n 

bolosarTic xmovandakargul sufiqsad unda iqnes gaazrebuli. 

Sesabamisad, e. w. i TemisniSniani Kvela zmnisaTvis i sufiqsis 

saKrdeni morfema nulTan monacvle xmovnis Semcveli morfemaa; 

anu: -id id savrcobs dairTavs is moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebi, romelTa 

saKrdeni morfema reducirebadi xmovnis Semcveli morfemaa 

(Zireuli Tu sufiqsuri)... 

xolo, romelTa saKrdeni morfema marcvlovania da ar kargavs 

xmovans, -d sufiqss dairTavs uwKvetelSi: v-wer wer wer-d-(i), wer vakeT-eb 

eb eb-d-(i), eb v-grex grex grex-d-(i)... 

grex 

gavixsenoT, -av av da -am am Temis niSnebi Zvel qarTulSi formawarmoebisas 

Kvela SemTxvevaSi xmovans kargavdnen: mal-av av av-s av _ 

mal-v-en, mal-v-a; dg-am am am-s am _ dg-m-en, dg-m-a... 

Sesabamisad uwKvetelSi, sadac av av/ av 

am am TemisniSniani formebia, 

savrcobi aris -id id id-: id 

mal-v-id id id-a, id su-m-id id id-a... id 

SevadaroT: -ev ev ev/ ev -em em sufiqsebi formawarmoebisas xmovans ar 

kargaven; Sesabamisad, uwKvetlis formebSi, sadac -ev ev ev/ ev -em em ivaraudeba, 

-id id savrcobi gvaqvs:


v-mal-ev ev ev-d-(i), ev v-su-em em em-d-(i)... em 

Girssacnobi faqtia isic, rom dialeqtTa im JgufSi, sadac 

-av av av/ av -am am Temis niSnebi awmKoSi xmovans kargaven, uwKvetls -id id id savrcobiT 

iwarmoeben (guruli, ayaruli, rayuli): 

awmKo: mal-v-en en en, en dg-m-en en en... en 

uwKveteli: mal-v-id id id-a, id dg-m-id id id-a... id ayarulsa da rayulSi paralelurad 

SeiZleba -ev ev ev/ ev -em em sufiqsiani uwKvetelic Segvxvdes; 

Sesabamisad savrcobi iqneba -d: 

mal-ev ev ev-d-a, ev dg-em em em-da... em 

dialeqtebSi, sadac -av av av/ av -am am ar arian kumSvadni, uwKvetels 

-d savrcobiT iwarmoeben: 

mal-av av av-en av en _ mal-av av av-d-a av 

dg-am am am-en am en _ dg-am am am-d-a... am 

amgvarad: e. w. i TemisniSniani zmnebis, -av av av/ av -am am am TemisniSnian 

zmnaTa Zveli qarTulis uwKvetlis paradigmisa da Tanamedrove 

qarTulis dialeqtTa monacemebis gaTvaliswineba aseTi daskvnis 

SesaZleblobas iZleva: moqmedebiTi (da saSual-moqmedebiTi) gvaris 

zmnebi sarvcobian mwkrivebs -d da -id id id sufiqsebiT iwarmoeben. 

-d gvaqvs marcvlovani saKrdeni morfemis SemTxvevaSi (wer wer wer- wer 

d-a, akeT-eb eb eb-d-a, eb mef-ob ob ob-d-a, ob Kof Kof-d-a, Kof c-em em em-d-a...); em -id id daerTvis 

xmovandakargul umarcvlo saKrden morfemas (zrd zrd zrd-id zrd id id-a, id cr cr-id cr ida, 

mal-v-id id id-a, id dg-m-id id id-a). id 

am daskvnas isic unda daematos, rom Temis niSanTa sistema- 

Si -i ar unda iqnes ganxiluli: igi awmKos mwkrivis sakuTrebaa. 

14 14....4444. 14 14 . . . sa savrcob sa savrcobTa 

vrcob vrcobTa 

Ta Ta gamoKene ga ga gamoKeneba 

moKene moKeneba 

ba ba sxva sxva sxva sxva seri se se seri 

rieb rieb 

ebSi ebSi 

Si Si 

da da da da aGZruli aGZru aGZru aGZruli 

li li kiTTTTxxxxve ki ki ki ve vebi vebi 

bi bi 

-d, , -od od od, od , -id id sufiqsebi savrcobad iwodeba; erT SemTxvevaSi 

mas Temis savrcobs uwodeben (a. SaniZe, 1930, gv. 138), sxva avtor- 

Tan mwkrivis savrcobs (z. sarJvelaZe, 1997, gv. 84). saubroben 

martiv, rTul da gavrcobil Temazedac (a. SaniZe, 1930, gv. 138). 

uwKvetlis sufiqssac uwodeben (a. SaniZe, 1920, gv. 154). warmodgenil 

sufiqsebs martivad s a v r c o b s a c uwodeben (a. SaniZe, 

1973, g. 388)... 

arn. Ciqobava -d sufiqss namKo usrulis (e. i. uwKvetlis) 

sufiqsad miiCnevs (arn. Ciqobava, 1948, gv. 54 da Smd.). saintere- 

313

314 


soa is, rom -od od sufiqss mkvlevari rTul odenobad gaiazrebs 

da uwKvetlis sufiqsad am SemTxvevaSic -d-s miiCnevs _ `-o 

cxadKofs amosaval fuZeSi -i-s Tanapovnierebas: vid-i-s _ vid-od-a 

(Sdr. K‚r-i-s _ K‚r-o-d-a)~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1948, gv. 56). aseve 

rTulad gaiazrebs -id id id sufiqsac i-d: `zrdi zrdi zrdida zrdi da tipis formebSi 

i awmKos sufiqsia~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950, gv. 062), xolo xevsurul- 

TuSur xolmeobiTebSi (vTqv-i-d-i) d-s wina i xolmeobiTis niSania; 

sakmaod rTulad gaiazreba o-s (o-d) raobac: `-d sufiqss 

xevsurulSi -i- uswrebs, fSaurSi _ -o; arc arc arc er erTi er Ti da arc me meo- me 

re re namKo namKo us usru us usru 

rulis ru lis su sufiq su 

fiq fiqsis fiq sis kuT kuTvni kuT kuTvni 

vnile 

leba le ba araa araa: araa -i-(-o-) saKrdeni 

fuZisa, xolmeobiTisaa; xevsurulSi igi ucvlelad gadahKveba 

namKo usrulSi, fSaurSi _ -i-s adgilas -o- iyers (safiqrebelia, 

rom es -o- miGebuli iKo winamaval -v-sTan SerwKmiT; am v-s 

mqonebloba dialeqturi norma unda KofiliKo)... 

xevsuruli -i-d, fSauri -o-d da arqauli namKo usrulis 

-o-d (igulisxmeba Sereuli kavSirebiTi _ g. g.) sufiqsebi 

gardauvaloba _ gardamavlobas ar ganasxvavebs; saliteraturo 

qarTulSi ki o-d gardauval zmnebTan gvxvdeba, -i-d- _ gardamavalTan; 

am sufiqsTa aseTi gamoKeneba meoreuli unda iKos~ (arn. 

Ciqobava, 1948, gv. 86-87). am msJelobas winaaGmdegobebi axlavs, 

rasac avtoric xedavs. CvenTvis arsebiTi iKo Cveneba azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa. 

cxadia, dGes -od od (da -id!) sufiqsis daSlis safuZvels ver 

vxedavT, miT umetes, daSlis SemTxvevaSi damoukidebel funqciebs. 

araTu damoukidebel funqciebs o da d elementebisa, Tavad 

-d, , -od od da -id id sufiqsTa morfologiuri daniSnulebac (funqciac) 

ar aris naTeli. 

Zvelisa Tu axali qarTulis monacemTa gaTvaliswineba -d, , , 

-id id id da -od od od sufiqsTa gamoKenebis gansxvavebul arealebs warmoa- 

Cens (esec mianiSnebs maT gansxvavebulobaze...). 

Kvelaze metad SezGuduli -d sufiqsis gamoKenebaa (mxedvelobaSi 

maqvs mwkrivTa warmoebis SesaZlebloba): igi aris 

saKrdeni fuZis nawili mxolod I seriis mwkrivTaTvis: axal qar- 

TulSi uwKvetlisa da I kavSirebiTisaTvis; Zvel qarTulSi _ 

uwKvetlis, I xolmeobiTisa da I kavSirebiTisaTvis:


a x a l i q a r T u l i Z v e l i q a r T u l i 

uwKve uwKvete uwKve uwKvete 

teli te li v-wer-d-i v-wer-d-(i) 

I I kavS kavS. kavS v-wer-d-e v-wer-d-e 

I I xolm xolm. xolm 

v-wer-d-i 

-id id sufiqsi axal saliteraturo qarTulSi saKrdeni fu- 

Zis nawilia uwKvetlisa da I kavSirebiTisaTvis; Zvel qarTulSi 

_ damatebiT I xolmeobiTisaTvis; dialeqtebSi (xevsurulsa da 

TuSurSi) agreTve II xolmeobiTSi: 

a x. q a r T u l i Z v . q a r T u l i x e v s u r u l i 

uwKv. v-Tl-id id id-i id 

v-Tl-id id id-(i) id 

v-Tl-id id id-i id 

I kavS. v-Tl-id id id-e id 

v-Tl-id id id-e id 

v-Tl-id id id-a id 

I xolm. _ v-Tl-id id id-i id 

vTl-id-id id id-i id 

(v-wer-d-id id id-i) id 

II xolm. v-Tal-i v-Tal-id id id-i id 

-od od axal saliteraturo qarTulSi saKrdeni fuZis nawilia 

uwKvetlisa da I kavSirebiTisaTvis; gamoiKeneba II TurmeobiTsa 

da III kavSirebiTSi orpirian gardauval zmnebTan; Zvel 

qarTulSi amas emateba I xolmeobiTi da Sereuli kavSirebiTi; 

fSaurSi I xolmeobiTi da II xolmeobiTi: 

a x. q a r T u l i Z v . q a r T u l i f S a u r i 

uwKv. v-Tbeb-od od od-i od v-tf-eb-od od od-e od v-Tb-eb-od od od-i od 

I kavS. v-Tbeb-od od od-e od v-tf-eb-od od od-i od v-Tb-eb-od od od-e od 

I xolm. _ v-tf-eb-od od od-i od avaSeneb-d-od od od-i od 

II xolm. _ _ avaSen-od od od-i od 

Ser. kavS. _ Sev-wir-od od od-i od 

_ 

II Turm. gav-zrd-od od od-i od dav-malv-od od od-e od gav-zrd-od od od-i od 

III kavS. gav-zrd-od od od-e od dav-malv-od od od-i od gav-zrd-od od od-e od 

rogorc vxedavT, savrcobiani mwkrivebia (sxvadasxva tipis 

zmnaTaTvis da sxvadasxva savrcobTaTvis): 


teli te li (Zv. qarT., axali qarT., dialeqtebi) 

I kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebi 

biTi bi Ti (Zv. qarT., axali qarT., dialeqtebi) 

I I xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi biTi bi Ti (Zv. qarT., dialeqtebi) 

315

316 


II II xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi biTi bi Ti (dialeqtebi) 

Se Sere Se 

re reuli re li kavS kavS. kavS . (Zv. qarTuli) 



Ti (Zv. qarT., axali qarT., dialeqtebi) 


Sire 

rebi 

biTi bi Ti (Zv. qarT., axali qarT., dialeqtebi) 

savrcobTa gamoKenebis TvalsazrisiT: 

uwKveteli _ -d, -id, -od 

I kavSir. _ -d, -id, -od 

I xolm. _ -d, -id, -od 

II xolm. _ _ -id, -od 

Ser. kavS. _ _ _ -od 

II Turm. _ _ _ -od 

III kavS. _ _ _ -od 

am viTarebis gaTvaliswineba araerT kiTxvas dagvasmevinebs: 

1. ra aris funqcia savrcobisa? mxolod fuZis warmoeba? 

2. SeiZleba Tu ara -d da -id id sufiqsebi CaiTvalos erTmaneTis 

variantebad (-id id id gaxmovanebis srul safexurze da -d gaxmovanebis 

nul safexurze), Tu gaviTvaliswinebT I seriaSi maTi 

ganawilebis safuZvels: -id id gvxvdeba umarcvlo saKrden morfemasTan, 

-d gvxvdeba marcvlovan saKrden morfemasTan: yr yr-id yr id id-a, id 

Tl Tl-id Tl id id-a, id erTi mxriv, da wer wer-d-a, wer akeT-eb eb eb-da, eb meore mxriv... 

3. ra aris mizezi imisa, rom Zvel qarTulSi uwKvetlisa da 

I kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblebi (-e, -i) piruku daerTvis: 

magaliTebi: 

uwKv. _ d-(i); id-(i); magram _ od-e 

I kavS. _ d-e; id-e; magram _ od-i 

uwKv. _ v-wer-d-(i), v-Tl-id id id-(i), id magram v-tir-od od od-e od 

I kavS. _ v-wer-d-e, v-Tl-id id id-e, id magram v-tir-od od od-i od 

gaviTvaliswinoT: sxvaoba gvaqvs I da II pirebSi; subieqturi 

mesame piris formebi identurad iwarmoeba: wer-d-a / wer-d-es es es, es 

Tl-id-a / Tl-id-es tir-od-a / tir-od-es es es... es I xolmeobiTi ki 

orive tipis warmoebas erTgvari aqvs _ i sufiqsiani:


v-wer-d-i, v-Tl-id id id-i, id v-tir-od od od-i; od amitomac I kavSirebiTi da 

I xolmeobiTi od od-ian od 

zmnebSi erTmaneTs emTxveva... 

4. ra gaxda safuZveli imisa, rom uwKvetlisa da I kavSirebiTis 

formaTa warmoebis gaerTferovneba moxda axal qarTulSi: 

uwKv. v-wer-d-i, v-Tl-id id id-i, id v-tir-od od od-i, od 

I kavS. v-wer-d-e, v-Tl-id id id-e, id v-tir-od od od-e... od 

5. am formobriv cvlilebebTan aris Tu ara kavSirSi is 

cvlileba, subieqturi mesame piris mravlobiTis -es es sufiqss 

nariani mawarmoebeli rom Caenacvla: 

Zv. qarT.: ax. qarT.: 

wer-d-es (igini) wer-d-en/nen 

Tl-id-es Tl-id-en/nen 

tir-od-es tir-od-en/nen 

da mainc (safiqrebelia): savrcobTan Tu TemasTan dakavSi- 

rebul formobriv cvlilebebTan es cvlileba (tir-od-es es → 

tir-od-nen nen nen) nen kavSirSi ar unda iKos; es ukanaskneli subieqturi 

mesame piris niSanTa sistemaSi momxdari sistemuri cvlilebis 

asaxvaa (ix. $ 12). 

5. kiTxvaTa wKebas aGZravs TuSur-xevsurul-fSauri xolmeobiTebi: 

maSin, rodesac aris tendencia xolmeobiTis organuli 

warmoebis moSlisa (ix. $ 26), ratom gaxda sayiro am dialeqteb- 

Si organuli warmoebis formaTa garTuleba (Sdr. mTiulurSi, 

moxeurSi xolmeobiTebi: SenarCunebulia Zveli qarTuliseburi 

warmoebiT)? sadac savrcobiT garTuleba ar moxda organuli 

warmoebisa, iq nawilakiani warmoebis ganviTareba xdeba (mag. moxeurSi. 

ix. $ 26). ratom? 

ratom aris erTgan -id id da meoregan -od od od, od am kiTxvas TiTqos 

pasuxic gaveciT, magram ratom mxolod I-II piris formebs daer- 

Tvis savrcobi? es kiTxva rCeba da am dialeqtTa xolmeobiTis 

formebi dgebian im formaTa gverdiT, romlebSic warmoebis 

TvalsazrisiT dapirispirebulia, erTi mxriv, I-II da, meore mxriv, 

III piris formebi (ix. $ 10). 

7. ra kvalifikacia unda mieces -id/-od elements xolmeobi- 

Tis dialeqtur formebSi? 

317

318 


I s e r i a II s e r i a 

va-keT-eb 

va-keT-eb-d-i va-keT-e 

va-keT-eb-d-e va-keT-o 

va-keT-eb-d-od-i va-keT-od-i 


eb _ I seriis Temaa; keT _ meore seriisa; d savrcobia. 

urTierTCanacvlebad mwkrivTaTvis saerTo morfologiuri 

odenoba; -i, , -e uwKvetelsa da I kavSirebiTSi mwkrivis niSnebia; 

odi odi? odi (Sesabamisad daismis kiTxva -id id id-i-s id Taobazec)... 

igive kiTxva daismis II seriaSic: -e, , -o mwkrivis niSnebia; 

od od-i od (anda: id-i?). 

odi odi (idi) saerToa I da II xolmeobiTisaTvis. xolmeobiTis 

sistemaSi I da II xolmeobiTebi warmoebis TvalsazrisiT Kovel- 

Tvis erTgvar viTarebas gviCvenebdnen: mwkrivis (Tu xolmeobi- 

Tis) niSani hqondaT saerTo _ -i (akeTebd-i-s, akeT-i-s). asea axlac. 

od erT morfologiur odenobad xom ar unda iqnes gaazrebuli, 

urTierTCanacvlebad mwkrivTa rigSi mwkrivis niSnad? 

dav-wer-e, 

dav-wer-o, 

dav-wer-odi odi (dav-wer-idi idi idi)... idi 

kiTxvebi sxvac SeiZleboda, pasuxs momavali gascems... 

$ $ 15 15. 15 

. Te Temis Te 

mis sa saki sa 

ki kiTxi 

Txisa 

saTvis sa Tvis -i i ele elemen ele 

men menti 

tian ti an zmneb zmnebSi zmneb 

Si 

i elements awmKoSi ramdenime tipis zmna dairTavs. 

a) vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi (Kvela tipisa): 

v-i-zrdeb-i 

v-e-maleb-i 

v-berdeb-i 

v-Tbeb-i 

vnebiTebisaTvis i damaxasiaTebeli iKo Zvel qarTulSic. arsebiTi 

gansxvaveba axal qarTulTan is aris, rom Zvelad awmKoSi 

Kvela piris forma dairTavda -i-s, axalSi III piris mx. ricxvis 

formaSi ar gvxvdeba:


Zv. qarT.: v-tf-eb-i 

s-tf-eb-i 

tf-eb-i-s 

v-tf-eb-i-T 

s-tf-eb-i-T 

tf-eb-i-an 

ax. qarT.: v-Tb-eb-i 

Tb-eb-i 

Tb-eb-a 

v-Tb-eb-i-T 

Tb-eb-i-T 

Tb-eb-i-an 

Zneli saTqmelia: mx. ricxvis mesame piris formaSi a-s darTvam 

gamoiwvia -i-s dakargva, Tu i-s dakargvis gamo moxda -s-s 

Canacvleba -a sufiqsiT. ufro metad sagulvebeli Cans, -i elementma 

Seicvala Tvisoba da amis gamo moxda -a sufiqsiT Canacvleba... 

Tumca mravlobiTSi ratom iqna SenarCunebuli, es seriozuli 

kiTxvaa... 

Temis sakiTxs es ar arTulebs: i elementi mxolod awmKos 

mwkrivis sakuTrebaa; igi KovelTvis iKo warmodgenili awmKos 

formaSi da masTan akavSireben -od od savrcobis gamovlenas (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 410, 417), Tumca mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirze saubari 

ar Kofila... 

b) i elements dairTavs erTi tipis saSuali gvaris zmnebi: 

v-tir-i, v-Civ-i, v-Kvir-i, v-kiv-i, v-kvnes-i, vi-cin-i... es is zmnebia, 

romlebic tendencias iCenen meSvelzmnian warmoebaze gadasvlisas 

(ix. $ 19). -i Kvela piris formaSi aris awmKoSi (Civ-a, Kiv-a... 

dialeqturi variantebia). savrcobad am zmnebsac -od od moudis. aqve 

Semova albaT vi-c-i, vu-wK-i zmnebic. -i-s qceva amgvarivea am 

zmnebSic: 

da 

v-tir-i 

s-tir-i 

tir-i-s 

v-tir-i-T 

s-tir-i-T 

tir-i-an 

v-tir-od-i, 

v-i-c-i 

i-c-i 

i-c-i-s 

v-i-c-i-T 

i-c-i-T 

i-c-i-an 

v-i-c-od-i... 

Temis sakiTxi am SemTxvevaSic martivad wKdeba: Tema martivia, 

savrcobad -od od od-is od gamovlenis motivacia wina Jgufis magvaria, 

Tumca erTia: tir-od-a gardauvalia, ic-od-a _ gardamava- 

319

320 


li. arada miuTiTeben: `saliteraturo qarTulSi ki -od od od- od gardauval 

zmnebTan gvxvdeba, -id id id-i id _ gardamavlebTan~ (arn. Ciqobava, 

1948(1), gv. 87)... aseT SemTxvevebs veZaxiT gamonaklisebs, Tumca 

am gamonaklisis axsnis seriozuli cda gvqonda (arn. Ciqobava, 

1948). 

g) gansxvavebul viTarebas gviCvenebs d-i-s (d-ena), rb-i-s 

(rb-ola) zmnebi. i i elementi gasdevs I seriis mwkrivTa formebs I 

SemTxvevaSi axal qarTulSic, II SemTxvevaSi _ mxolod Zvel qar- 

TulSi: 

d-i-s 

d-i-od-a 

d-i-od-es 

rb-i-s 

rb-i-od-a 

rb-i-od-es 

axali: rb-i-s 

rb-od-a 

rb-od-es 

Tema (arsebuli ganmartebiT) pirveli zmnisaTvis aris di di, di 

Tumca ver visaubrebT zmnis orTemianobaze, radgan ara gvaqvs 

igive fuZe II seriaSi; verc Temis sirTuleze visaubrebT, radganac 

ara gvaqvs Sesabamisi martivi Tema. amisdakvalad, ar SeiZleba 

i-s mivceT Temis niSnis kvalifikacia. 

aseTive msJeloba SeiZleba rb rb-is rb 

zmnis Zveli qarTulis paradigmaze; 

axali qarTulis viTareba ki iseTivea, rogorc tir- 

tir 

i-s zmnis SemTxvevaSi... 

d) ufro rTulia viTareba zrd zrd-i-s zrd tipis SemTxvevaSi (e. w. 

`-i TemisniSnian~ zmnebSi). 

-i elementis mwkrivis niSnad gaazrebis Semdeg CvenTvis moixsna 

sakiTxi am tipis zmnaTa rTulTemian zmnebad miCnevisa: 

v-zrd-i 

v-zrd-id-i 

v-zrd-id-e 

Tumca orTemianobis sakiTxi ar moxsnila: 

zrdis zrdis zrdis tipis formebi xmovanmonacvle zmnaTa rigSi Cadgeba. 

saerTod xmovanmonacvleobis or saxes ganixilaven: 

e _ i (v-drek drek _ v-drik drik drik-e) drik _ drekadi fuZeebi da 

a _ Ø (zrd zrd zrd-i-s zrd _ zard zard-a) zard _ kumSvadi fuZeebi (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 390 da Semd.; 393 da Semd., f. erTeliSvili, 1970, gv. 

88, 99; aseve: T. gamKreliZe, g. mayavariani, 1965; T. gamKreliZe, 

2003; d. meliqiSvili, 2001; r. qurdaZe, 2005 da sxv.).


swored fuZedrekadobis gamo miiCneva e-i i xmovanmonacvle 

zmnebi orTemianad: 

v-drek drek v-drik drik drik-e drik 

v-drek drek drek-di drek 

v-drek drek drek-de drek 

v-drik drik drik-o drik 

orive SemTxvevaSi Tema martivia, Tumca Tavs iCens tendencia 

xmovanmonacvleobis moxsnisa da rTuli da martivi Temebis 

dapirispirebisa: 

v-drik drik drik-av drik av av v-drik drik drik-e drik 

v-drik drik drik-av drik av av-di av v-drik drik drik-o drik 

v-drik drik drik-av drik av av-de av 

(am tendenciis Taobaze ix. $ 17). 

xmovanmonacvleoba Ø_a principulad aseTive dapirispirebaa 

(sxvadasxva gaxmovaneba sxvadasxva seriaSi), magram es dapirispireba 

ar miiCneoda orTemianobis safuZvlad. zrd zrd-i-s zrd tipis 

zmnebSi orTemianobis safuZvlad `-i Temis niSani~ iTvleboda. 

cxadia, roca moixsna sakiTxi i-s TemisniSnobisa, dapirispi- 

reba Ø_a xdeba iseTive Zalisa fuZeTa dapirispirebis TvalsazrisiT, 

rogoricaa e e _ ii: 

i 

v-zrd zrd zrd-i zrd v-zard zard zard-e zard 

v-zrd zrd zrd-id-i zrd v-zard zard zard-o zard 

v-zrd zrd zrd-id-e zrd 

anu ablauturi xmovanmonacvleobis saxeobad moiazreba 

(cnebisaTvis ix. g. axvlediani, 1949, gv. 210). am dapirispirebis 

bunebis gaazreba kidev erTi argumentia imisa, rom i awmKos sufiqsia 

da ara Temis niSani: winaaGmdeg SemTxvevaSi yarbi aGmo- 

Cndeboda I da II seriis dapirispirebaSi erT-erTi niSani (xmovanmonacvleoba 

da Temis niSani). 

SevadaroT: roca gamoikveTa tendencia fuZedrekad zmnebze 

Temis niSnis darTvisa, dapirispireba e _ i moixsna: 

drek drek-s drek _ drik drik-a, drik magram 

(drek-av-s →) drik drik-av-s drik drik _ drik drik-a... drik 

zmna rCeba orTemianad, magram xmovanmonacvleobiT gamowveuli 

orTemianoba icvleba rTul da martiv TemaTa dapirispirebiT... 

321

322 


e) sxvagvaria viTareba yr yr-i-s yr tipis zmnaTa SemTxvevaSi. es 

aris zmnebi, romelTa Zireuli saKrdeni morfema I seriis mwkrivebSi 

umarcvloa; meore seriaSi reducirebuli xmovani aGdgeba; 

magram gansxvavebiT zrdis zrdis tipis zmnaTagan, mxolod wKvetilis I 

da II pirebSi: 

I seria: v-yr-i va-mKn-i 

v-yr-id-i va-mKn-id-i 

v-yr-id-e va-mKn-id-e 

xmovanmonacvleoba a / / Ø Tu wina SemTxvevaSi (zrd _ zard) 

funqciuri xasiaTisaa (morfologiuri procesia), ablautis SemTxvevad 

unda ganvixiloT; yr yr _ yer martivi xmovanmonacvleobaa, 

fonetikuri procesis Sedegia: xmovani ikargeba garkveul 

fonetikur garemoSi (xmovansufiqsis wina poziciaSi); sruladaa 

warmodgenili, roca Zireul morfemas xmovansufiqsi ar mosdevs: 

v-yr-i va-mKn-i 

v-yr-id id id-i id va-mKn-id id id-i id 

v-yr-a va-mKn-a 

xmovani aGdgeba wKvetilis I-II piris formebSi: 

(ga)-v-yer-(i) (da)-v-a-mKen-(i) 

(ga)-yer(-i) (da)-a-mKen-(i), magram 

ga-yr-a (da)-a-mKn-a 

ase rom, Zireuli morfemisaTvis umarcvloba damaxasiaTebelia 

rogorc I, ise II seriis formaTaTvis. Sesabamisad yr yr-i-s yr tipis 

zmnebi erTTemian zmnebad unda iqnes gagebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, 

erTTemiania rogorc wer wer-s wer tipis zmnebi, ise _ yr yr-i-s yr 

tipis zmnebi. 

erTTemianad unda miviCnioT tir tir-i-s tir tipis zmnebi, Tumca es 

principulad gansxvavebuli erTTemianobaa: tir tir tir mxolod I seriis 

mwkrivebSi gvxvdeba, sxva seriis formebs am tipis zmnebi ver 

iwarmoebs. da ramdenadac ar arsebobs SesaZlebloba sxvadasxva 

seriis TemaTa Sepirispirebisa, erTTemianoba-orTemianobis saki- 

Txi SeiZleboda arc dasmuliKo...


$ $ 16 16. 16 

. xmo xmovan xmo xmovan 

vanpre 

prefiq 

fiqse 

sebi se bi da da Te Tema Te ma 

xmovanprefiqsebi da fuZe _ saKuradGebo Temaa. fuZis ganmartebisas 

a. SaniZem mxolod 1930 wlis gramatikaSi miaqcia 

KuradGeba xmovanprefiqsebs: `pirieli zmnisaTvis fuZe hqvia im 

nawils, romelic ucvalebelia pirisa, ricxvisa da qcevis niSan- 

Ta mimarT~ (a. SaniZe, 1930, gv. 148). sxva gamocemebSi xmovanprefiqsebze 

KuradGeba aGaraa gamaxvilebuli, Tumca Temaze msJelobisas 

moKvanil magaliTebSi xmovanprefiqsebs Temisagan gamoKofs: 

va-ge ge gebeb 

beb, beb vi-ge ge gereb 

reb, reb va-la la lageb 

geb, geb vu-te te teveb te veb da sxva (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 398). 

vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa Temaze saubrisas vnebiTi gvaris ni- 

SanTagan xmovanprefiqsebi ar miiCneva Temis nawilad: 

mo-v-i-sp sp sp-ob sp ob ob-i, ob mo-v-i-sp sp sp-e, sp 

v-e-nd nd nd-ob nd ob ob-i, ob v-e-nd nd nd-e nd da misT. 

a-v-i-rev rev rev-i, rev a-v-i-ri ri ri(v)-e ri 

mi-v-e-Cvev Cvev Cvev-i, Cvev mi-v-e-Cvi Cvi Cvi(v)-e Cvi da misT. 

xolo vnebiTobis -d sufiqsi Temis nawiladaa gaazrebuli: 

ga-v-keT keT keT-d-eb keT eb eb-i, eb ga-v-keT keT keT-d-i keT 

ga-v-Sav Sav Sav-d-eb Sav eb eb-i, eb ga-v-Sav Sav Sav-d-i Sav da misT. 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 412). 

arada, Temis ganmartebis Sesabamisad (saerTo nawili seriis 

Kvela mwkrivisaTvis) xmovanprefiqsi Temis nawilad unda KofiliKo 

gagebuli... 

roca I-II seriis formebSi aseTi damokidebulebaa xmovanprefiqsebisadmi, 

gasagebia, ratom ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli xmovanprefiqsebi 

III seriis formebze msJelobisas: `qceva mxolod zmnis 

pirian formebs moepoveba da isic I-sa da II seriaSi. rac Seexeba 

III serias, iq qcevebis garCevas adgili ara aqvs, radganac zmnas 

aklia sapirispiro formebi, kuTvnileba daniSnulebis mixedviT 

gansxvavebuli~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 338) `qceviani~ da ùqceo~ 

formebi asea gadanawilebuli: 

323

324 


q c e v i a n i f o r m e b i u q c e o f o r m e b i 

I I se seria se ria II II se seria se ria III III se seria se seria 

ria 

I Turm. II Turm. III kavS. 

saarv. a-Senebs a-a-Sena 

saTav. i-Senebs a-i-Sena a-u-Senebia, a-e-Senebina, a-e-Senebinos 

sasxv. u-Senebs a-u-Sena 

ÌII seriaSi forma ganmartoebulia, ucaloa, amitom ukuTvnelia, 

Tumca ki warmoebis mixedviT sasxvisoa~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 339). 

am faqtze imitomac vamaxvilebT KuradGebas, rom Temis sakiTxis 

ganxilvisas III seriaSi (da, saerTod, III seriis formaTa 

warmoebis sakiTxTa ganxilvisas) xmovanprefiqss sagangebo 

KuradGeba mieqceva. 

mainc albaT ase martivad ver gadawKdeba xmovanprefiqsTa 

fuZesTan (nebismieri saxisa _ mwkrivis fuZesTan, Tu seriis fu- 

ZesTan, Tu sruli paradigmis fuZesTan) mimarTebis sakiTxi: xmovanprefiqsiT 

gansxvavebuli formebi, vTqvaT, qarTuli enis ganmartebiT 

leqsikonSi sxvadasxva leqsikur erTeulad gaiazreba: 

a-keTebs, i-keTebs, u-keTebs... keTdeba, u-keTdeba; zrdis, 

i-zrdis, u-zrdis... i-zrdeba, e-zrdeba da misT. Kvela warmodgenili 

forma sxvadasxva leqsikuri erTeulia; anu: xmovanprefiqss 

Seswevs Zala leqsikur erTeulTa gansxvavebisa; aseT SemTxvevaSi 

unda iqnes Tu ara zmnuri formis fuZis nawilad gaazrebuli?.. 

rogorc vxedavT, fuZeze msJelobisas pirobiTobas ver avcdebiT. 

am pirobiTobiT xmovanprefiqsi Temis nawilad ar gaiazreba. 

CvenTvis es pirobiToba misaGebia; amgvari pirobiTobiT III 

seriaSi Temis sakiTxze msJeloba gamartivdeba (ix. Tavi VI). 

$ $ 17 17. 17 

. Te Temis Te 

mis ni niSan ni 

San SanTa San Ta mo monac mo monac 

nacvle 

vleoba vle ba 

11117777....1111. . . . Te Temis Te Temis 

mis mis niSan ni ni niSanTa 

San SanTa 

Ta Ta monac mo mo monac 

nacvle nacvleooooba 

vle vle ba ba ba moqme mo mo moqme 

qmede qmede 

debi debi 

biTi biTi 

Ti Ti 

gvaris gva gva gvaris 

ris ris zmnebSi zmneb zmneb zmnebSi 

Si Si 

Tu Tvals gavadevnebT qarTuli zmnis formobrivi ganviTarebis 

grZel gzas, aSkarad davinaxavT: Temis niSanTa sistema 

erT-erTi Kvelaze aramKari, cvalebadi sistemaa; Tu Tanamedrove 

qarTuli enis dialeqtebs am mxriv gadavxedavT, suraTi kidev 

ufro STambeydavi iqneba.


ra saxis cvlilebebi xdeba istoriulad, es, erTi mxriv, da 

sinqronulad (dGevandel dialeqtebSi), es, meore mxriv. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna adrec gviTqvams, av av da am am Temis niSnebi am sistemaSi 

erTnairad iqcevian. Tu saliteraturo enaSi 

-av av TemisniSnianebi yarbobs -am am am-ianebs, am dialeqteb- 

Si (aGmosavlursa Tu samxrulSi) -av av av-is av Canacvleba 

xdeba -am am am-iT am da, Sesabamisad, yarbobs -am am am-ianebi: am 

bar-am, xat-am, mal-am... aris piruku procesic: am am-s am 

enacvleba av av-i av 

(sv-av-s, dg-av-s...), orive es SemTxveva 

(av → am, am → av) gancalkevebiT dgas im 

cvlilebaTagan, romlis Sesaxebac gvsurs saubari 

am paragrafSi: av av-i av 

iqneba Tu -am am am-i, am erTgvarovania 

maTi mimarTeba sistemis sxva wevrebTan da maTi 

roli am rTul procesSi. amitom av-ze visaubrebT 

Tu -am am am-ze, am am procesisaTvis ara aqvs mniSvneloba... 

1. eb eb eb → Ø 

moqmedebiTi gvaris ramdenime -eb eb TemisniSniani zmna kargavs 

Temis niSans: 

Zv Zv. Zv 

. qar qarTu qar qarTu 

Tuli Tu li ax ax. ax 


Tuli 

li 

aGa-dgin-eb eb eb-s eb 

warga-vlin-eb eb eb-s eb 

Semi-Kvan-eb eb eb-s eb 

Ses-Zin-eb eb eb-s eb 

aw-Kin-eb eb eb-s eb 

moi-Tmin-eb eb eb-s eb 

mou-lxin-eb eb eb-s eb 

a-mxil-eb eb eb-s eb 

moi-smin-eb eb eb-s eb 

gamoa-Cin-eb eb eb-s eb 

moi-wKin-eb eb eb-s eb 

aGi-xil-eb eb eb-s eb 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

aqve unda SemovitanoT msgavsi SemTxveva: 

aGa-dgen-s, 

warga-vlen-s, 

Semi-Kvan-s, 

Ses-Zen-s, 

aw-Ken-s, 

moi-Tmen-s, 

mou-lxen-s, 

a-mxel-s, 

moi-smen-s, 

gamoa-Cen-s, 

moi-wKen-s 

aa-xel-s da sxva. 

325

326 


Ses-cval-eb eb eb-s eb 

miu-ZGvan-eb eb eb-s eb 

daa-cad-eb eb eb-s eb 

→ 

→ 

→ 

Se-cvl-is, 

miu-ZGvn-is, 

daa-cd-is... 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna magaliTebs vimowmebT samecniero literaturdan; 

warmovadgenT im formiT, ra formiTacaa wKaro- 

Si. ZiriTadi literatura Zveli qarTulisaTvis 

(a. SaniZe, 1976; i. imnaiSvili, 1971; i. da v. imnaiSvilebi, 

1996; z. sarJvelaZe, 1997, l. baramiZe, 

2009); dialeqturi masalisaTvis (g. imnaiSvili, 

1966; T. saraliZe, 1978; a. martirosovi, 1984; 

a. martirosovi, g. imnaiSvili, 1956; m. beriZe, 

1980; g. imniaSvili, 1974(1); v. abaSvili, 2009). 

es procesi _ eb eb → Ø moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebSi kaxursa 

da JavaxurSi dadasturda: 

2. -eb eb → -av av 

v-tov-eb eb 

a-grov-eb eb eb-s eb 

mov-kid-eb eb 

vi-Jer-eb eb 

vi-TamaS-eb eb 

dava-Cum-eb eb 

va-xsen-eb eb 

mi-tov-eb eb eb-s eb 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

v-tov, dav-tov 

a-grov-s, daa-grov-s 

mov-kid-d-i 

vi-Jer-i 

vi-TamaS-i 

daa-Cum 

va-xsen-d-i 

mi-tov-s 

Zv Zv. Zv 


Tuli Tu li ax ax. ax 


Tuli Tu li 

ganh-kurn-eb eb eb-s eb 

aGh-marT-eb eb eb-s eb 

Seh-Kin-eb eb eb-s eb 

ganu-mart-eb eb eb-s eb 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

gan-kurn-av av av-s, av 

aG-marT-av av av-s, av 

ga-Kin-av av av-s, av 

ganu-mart-av av av-s... av 

am tipis monacvleoba damaxasiaTebelia aGmosavluri da samxruli 

dialeqtebisaTvis (qarTlurisaTvis, kaxurisaTvis, Javaxu-


risa da mesxurisaTvis). monacvleobis variantebi sxvadasxvaa: eb 

→ av, eb → am, eb → an; Cven erT-erT variants davimowmebT: 

ga-neb-eb eb eb-s eb 

gi-Jer-eb eb eb-s eb 

a-wiok-eb eb eb-s eb 

a-xocin-eb eb eb-s eb 

a-keT-eb eb eb-s eb 

dah-bad-eb eb eb-s eb 

davalevin-eb eb 

gava-swor-eb eb eb-s eb 

miva-Kud-eb eb 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

ga-neb-am am am-s am 

gi-Jer-am am am-s am 

a-wiok-am am am-T am 

a-xocin-am am am-T am 

a-keT-an an an-s an 

dah-bad-av av av-s av 

davalein-am am am-T am 

gava-swor-am am 

miv-Kud-am am am da sxva... 

3. ob ob → am am 

kaxursa da JavaxurSi Segvxvda ob Temis niSnis -am am Temis 

niSniT Senacvlebis SemTxveva: 

gi-amb-ob → gi-amb-am, u-amb-am... 

am procesTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa erTi SemTxveva kaxuridan: 

S-ob ob ob-s ob zmnaSi moxda Temis niSnis fuZesTan Sexorceba 

da -am am Temis niSnis darTva: 

awmKo: 

wKvet.: 

v-S-ob 

v-Sev (v-Sv-i) 

→ 

v-Sob-am 

↓ 

v-Sob-e 

cnobili magaliTi i. yavyavaZis `kacia-adamianidan~: 

`_ erTi vajiSvili So Sobe So 

be be... be 

_ vSo vSobam vSo vSobam 

bam, bam Sen nu moukvdebi Cems Tavs, vSo vSobam vSo vSobam 

bam~... bam 

4. e. w. ì TemisniSniani~ → -am am am. am procesi dasturdeba qar- 

Tlursa da kaxurSi: 

i-Kid-is 

u-zrd-is 

ga-xd-is 

da-gv-is 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

i-Kid-am-s 

u-zard-am-s 

ga-xad-am-s 

da-gav-am-s 

327

328 


s-wvel-is 

won-is 

ten-is 

→ 

→ 

→ 

s-wvel-am-s 

won-am-s 

ten-am-s... 

erTi mxriv, aq Semovida orTemiani xmovanmonacvle zmnebi 

(zrd-is, xd-is...); meore mxriv _ erTTemiani zmnebi (Kid-is, wonis, 

ten-is...)... 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna roca vambobT, dadasturda ama Tu im dialeqtSio, 

ar vgulisxmobT imas, rom sxva dialeqteb- 

Si amgvari cvlileba ar SeiZleba Segvxvdes; Cveni 

sayiroebisaTvis sakmarisi masalis mopovebis Semdeg 

Cven Zieba aGar gagvigrZelebia. sakiTxis ufro 

CaGrmavebiTa da gamowvlilviT Seswavla momavlis 

saqmea... 

5. Ø → -av av av 

istoriulad moqmedebiTi gvaris erTTemiani zmnebis -av av TemisniSnianebSi 

gadaricxva cnobili procesia: 

v-Tib 

v-Tes 

v-CeC 

v-xoc 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

v-Tib-av 

v-Tes-av 

v-CeC-av 

v-xoc-av da sxva mravali (ix. 

a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 389) 

is magaliTebi, romlebic erTTemianad miiCneva (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 389), umetesoba sasaubro metKvelebasa da, saerTod, 

dialeqtebSi orTemiania (-av/-am TemisniSniania): 

kec-s 

kvec-s 

pent-s 

tex-s 

CeC-s 

yed-s 

moi-xvey-s 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

kec-av-s 

kvec-av-s 

pent-av-s 

tex-av-s 

CeC-av-s 

yed-av-s 

moi-xvey-av-s da sxva.


iseTi zmnebic ki, rogoricaa wer wer-s, wer wer , fen fen-s fen 

dialeqtebSi or- 

Temiania: wer-av/-am-s, fen-av/-am-s da sxva. 

6. qarTul dialeqtebSi farTod gavrcelebuli procesia 

fuZedrekad zmnebze -av av av/ av -am am Temis niSnis darTva. procesi orsafexuriania: 

I etapze xdeba e xmovnian fuZeebze Temis niSnis darTva: 

dr-ek-s → drek-av-s; faqtobriv am SemTxvevaSi xdeba ormagi 

dapirispireba I da II seriis TemaTa Soris (xmovanmonacvleobiTa 

da Temis niSniT) 

drek-av-s _ drik-a. 

cxadia, erT-erTi yarbia; amitomac, radgan tendenciaa -av av 

Temis niSnis darTva, gaxmovanebiT dapirispireba moixsneba da 

viGebT meore safexurs cvlilebisas _ drik drik-av drik av av-s av e. i.: 

drek-s → drek-av-s → drik-av-s 

Se SeniS Se 


vna: vna drek-av-s / drik-av-s formaTa Sesaxeb iTqva, rom 

erT SemTxvevaSi arCevani gakeTda I seriis Temaze 

(drek), meore SemTxvevaSi _ II seriis Temaze. cxadia, 

Sedegis mixedviT (drik-av-s) SeiZleba ase vifiqroT, 

magram aq albaT fuZeTa SeuGlebis principis 

gaxsenebac ar iqneboda urigo: -av av sufiqsis 

darTvam moiTxova reducirebuli fuZe (Sdr.: T. 

gamKreliZe, g. mayavariani, 1965). 

davasaxelebT zog magaliTs: 

gleJ-s 

yKlet-s 

xvret-s 

kben-s 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

gleJ-av-s / gliJ-av-s 

yKlet-av-s / yKlit-av-s 

xvret-am-s / xvrit-am-s 

kben-am-s / kbin-am-s 

rogorc irkveva, es procesi Kvela dialeqtisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, 

garda aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebisa 

(r. qurdaZe, 2005, gv. 28-94). amJerad Cvens interess ar warmoadgens, 

romel dialeqtSi ra safexuria dadasturebuli; CvenTvis 

procesia mTavari: fuZedrekadi zmnebi -av av av/ av -am am Temis niSnebs dairTaven... 

329

330 


7. dasturdeba orsafexuriani cvlilebac: 

-eb eb → Ø → -am am 

wari-Kvan-eb eb eb-s eb 

wari-tan-eb eb eb-s eb 

(Zv.) _ 

_ 

wai-Kvan-s 

moi-tan-s 

(ax.) _ 

_ 

avi-Kvan-am am 

mogi-tan-am am 



San SanTa 



vle vle ba ba ba vnebi vne vne vnebi 

biTi biTi 


ris ris 

zmnebSi zmneb zmneb zmnebSi 

Si Si 

Javax. 

da misT. 

am procesTan dakavSirebiT (Temis niSanTa monacvleoba) 

vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi erTi cvlileba xdeba: 

Zvel qarTulSi -av av av/ av -am am TemisniSnian zmnebs Temis niSani vnebiTebSic 

gadahKveboda moqmedebiTidan: 

moqmedebiTi vnebiTi 

mal-av av av-s av i-mal-v-is 

xat-av av av-s av i-xat-v-is 

kl-av av av-s av i-kl-v-is 

dg-am am am-s am i-dg-mis 

ab-am am am-s am 

dai-b-m-is da a. S. 

rogorc viciT, Kvela sxva SemTxvevaSi vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi 

I seriaSi -eb eb Temis niSans dairTavda: 

i-zrd-eb eb eb-i-s eb 

e-zrd-eb eb eb-i-s eb 

da-ber-d-eb eb eb-i-s eb 

gan-yabuk-n-e-eb eb eb-i-s... eb 

axal qarTulSi -av/-am TemisniSnianma zmnebmac vnebiTebSi 

-eb eb Temis niSani dairTes: 

i-mal-eb eb eb-a eb 

i-xat-eb eb eb-a... eb 

umarcvlo ZirebTan -av av av/ av -am am Temis niSnis TanxmovniTi elementebic 

iqna SenarCunebuli: 

ixvneba (← i-xn-v-eb-a) 

ikvleba (← i-kl-v-eb-a) 

idg-m-eb-a 

i-Tq-m-eb-a (ix.: $ 13.3).




San SanTa 



vle vle ba ba ba saSu sa sa saSu 

Suaaaali Su li li li 

gvaris gva gva gvaris 

ris ris zmnebSi zmneb zmneb zmnebSi 

Si Si 

saintereso procesebi xdeba saSuali gvaris zmnebSi: sistematurad 

sasaubro metKvelebaSi -eb eb Temis niSans uCndeba paraleluri 

variantebi -ob ob TemisniSniani (ix.: g. gogolaSvili, c. kvantaliani, 

d. Sengelia, 1989). 

eb eb → ob 

ob 

barbac-eb eb eb-s eb 

kaSkaS-eb eb eb-s eb 

rakrak-eb eb eb-s eb 

bibin-eb eb eb-s eb 

KiKin-eb eb eb-s eb 

gugun-eb eb eb-s eb 

Grial-eb eb eb-s eb 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

→ 

barbac-ob ob ob-s ob 

kaSkaS-ob ob ob-s ob 

rakrak-ob ob ob-s ob 

bibn-ob ob ob-s ob 

KiKin-ob ob ob-s ob 

gugun-ob ob ob-s ob 

Grial-ob ob ob-s ob da mravali sxva 

aris erTi Jgufi -av av av TemisniSniani saSuali gvaris zmnebisa, 

romlebSic xdeba -av av av Temis niSnis fuZeSi gadaricxva da axali 

Temis niSnis (-ob) darTva. 

gvaqvs, erTi mxriv: 

gor-av av av-s av 

xtun-av av av-s av 

cur-av av av-s av 

buqn-av av av-s av 

KvinT-av av av-s av 

da gvaqvs, meore mxrv: 

gorav-ob ob ob-s ob 

xtunav-ob ob ob-s ob 

curav-ob ob ob-s ob 

buqnav-ob ob ob-s ob 

KvinTav-ob ob ob-s ob 

aseTi magaliTebic dasturdeba: 

(i-gor-a), 

(i-xtun-a), 

(i-cur-a), 

(Ca-buqn-a), 

(Ca-KvinT-a). 

(i-gorav-a), 

(i-xtunav-a), 

(i-curav-a), 

(i-buqnav-a), 

(i-KvinTav-a). 

mo-cur-av av av-s av → mo-cur-s (ilia) 

vi-loc-av av → v-locul-ob ob 

331

332 


ras niSnavs es cvlilebebi; ra aris `mizani~ am cvlilebaTa 

da ra Sedegi gvaqvs (ufro sworad, ras velodebiT)? mTavari ki- 

Txva: ra aris safuZveli Temis niSanTa ganawilebisa; cvlilebebi 

sistemuri xasiaTisaa da erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, Tu, ase 

vTqvaT, erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli, qaoturi xasiaTisa? 

amTaviTve vitKviT: qaoturi xasiaTis cvlilebebi enaSi mosalodneli 

ar aris. maS, ra kanonzomierebasTan gvaqvs saqme? 

$ $ 18 18. 18 

. Te Temis Te 

mis ni niSan ni 

San SanTa San Ta gana ganawi gana ganawi 

wile 

lebi 

bisa 

saTvis sa Tvis 

rogorc davinaxeT, Temis niSanTa sistema Zvelsa da axal 

qarTuls Soris seriozul sxvaobas avlens. 

Tematur da aTematur fuZeTa dapirispireba ucvlelia: I 

seriis mwkrivebi Tematuria (TemisniSniania), II seriisa _ aTematuri 

(uTemisniSno). 

gavuswrebT movlenebs da vitKviT: Temis niSanTa gamoKeneba 

III seriaSi principulad gansxvavebulia Zvelsa da axal qarTuls 

Soris (ix. VI Tavi). cxadia, Temis niSanTa ganawilebaze saubrisas 

gverdis avla mesame seriisaTvis ar moxerxdeba, magram I-II seriis 

viTarebis garkvevis Semdeg davubrundebiT III serias. 

ra xdeba I-II seriaSi. ra funqcia ekisreba Temis niSans da 

rogor aixsneba sistemaSi mimdinare cvlilebebi? 

gavixsenoT: Temis niSnebi gvxvdeba I seriaSi, ara gvaqvs II seriaSi. 

sainteresod gveCveneba g. mayavarianis Tvalsazrisi. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna g. mayavarianis naSromi `grZliobis, aspeqtisa da 

drois kategoriebis mimarTeba Tanamedrove qar- 

TulSi~ `wakiTxulia moxsenebad Tsu zogadi 

enaTmecnierebis kaTedris gafarToebul Gia 

sxdomaze 1968 w. moxsenebis Tezisebi da teqsti 

JerJerobiT dakargulia. ZiriTadi debulebebi 

aGdenilia maia mayavarianis mier, avtorTan saubris 

safuZvelze~ (`mimomxilveli~, 1972, gv. 531). 

Cveni msJeloba swored am aGdgenil debulebebs 

emKareba, amave krebulSi (`mimomxiveli~, 6-9, 

1972) dabeydils.


msJeloba Tanamedrove qarTulis viTarebas asaxavs: àvtori 

gamoKofs axal zmnur kategorias _ grZli grZliobas 

grZli bas bas. bas gamoxatulebis 

planSi mas Seesabameba e. w. `Temis niSnebi~. grZliobis kategori- 

is morfema Seicavs alomorfebs: [-eb, -ob, -am, -av, -i, -O...]. am 

alomorfTa Semcveli (markirebuli) formebi upirispirdeba aramarkirebul, 

aragrZliv, wKvetil formebs, vxat-av : v-xate, vakeT- 

eb : vakeTe, vwer-O : vwere, vawux-eb-di : vawuxe da sxva~ (`mimomxilveli~, 

1972, gv. 531). 

am msJelobidan gamomdinare, es formebi ase dalagdeba : 

grZli rZli rZlivi rZli vi arag aragrZli arag aragrZli 

rZlivi rZli vi 

vxat-av 

vakeT-eb 

vwer-O 

vawux-eb-di 

vxate 

vakeTe 

vwere 

vawuxe 

Zneli saTqmelia, IV magaliTSi ratom aris Semotanili uwKvetlis 

forma. Tu Temis niSani aris grZliobis morfologiuri ni- 

Sani, ratom awmKos forma ar aris moxmobili (vawux-eb : vawuxe), 

rogorc sxva SemTxvevaSi. 

arag aragrZli arag aragrZli 

rZlioba rZli ba da da wKve wKveti wKve wKveti 

tilo 

loba lo ba aris gaigivebuli (ùpirispirdeba 

aramarkirebul, aragrZliv, wKvetil formebso~). Sesabamisad 

gaigivebulia mar marki mar 

ki kire kire 

rebu 

buli 

li, li , grZli grZlivi grZli 

vi vi, vi , uwKve uwKvete uwKve 

te teli 

li formebi. 

e. i. dapirispireba aseTia: 

v-xat-av av _ grZlivi, uwKveteli 

v-xate _ aragrZlivi, wKvetili 

aqve saubaria IV diferencialur niSanze: `meoTxe paradigmatuli 

diferencialuri niSania aspeqti, markirebulia sruli aspeqti, 

aramarkirebulia _ usruli. vakeT-eb : ga-vakeT-eb, vakeT-e : 

ga-vakeT-e, vakeT-eb-di : ga-vakeT-eb-d-i, vakeT-eb-d-e : ga-vakeT-eb-d-e, 

vakeT-o : ga-vakeT-o da sxva~ (iqve). 

sruli aspeqtis markeri zmnis zmniswi zmnis zmniswi 

winia 

nia; nia 

grZliobis markeri _ Te Temis Te mis ni niSa ni 

Sa Sani 

ni. ni grZlioba _ igive uwKvetlobaa; 

aragrZlioba _ wKvetiloba. magram ra sxvaobaa 

g r Z l i o b a s a da u s r u l o b a s, a r a g r Z l i o b a s a da 

s r u l o b a s Soris, ar Cans. grZlioba-aragrZlioba aspeqturi 

333

334 


dapirispireba Cans; ra mimarTebaa aspeqtTan (sruli-usruli), am 

zepirad aGdgenili debulebebis mixedviT Zneli saTqmelia. 

isic sagulisxmoa: grZliobaze saubrisas zmniswini ugulebelKofilia 

(ufro sworad, uzmniswino formaTa magaliTebia 

moKvanili)... 

amave dros, aspeqturi TvalsazrsiT (Tundac grZliobaaragrZliobis) 

axal qarTulSi ra aris saerTo I seriis mwkrivebs 

Soris, riTac isini gansxvavdebian II seriis mwkrivTagan, Zneli 

saTqmelia. 

aris erTi sagulisxmo faqtic: Tu Te Temis Te mis niSani aris 

grZliobis markeri, ra aris sxvaoba sxvadasxva Temis niSans Soris, 

maTi ganawilebis safuZveli? vfiqrobT, formobrivi TvalsazrisiT 

amaze saubari SesaZlebelia. funqciuri analizi momavlis 

saqme Cans. 

erTi kia: Temis niSanTa funqciaze roca vsaubrobT, aspeqtis 

faqtori angariSgasawevia Zveli qarTulisaTvis: `Zvel qar- 

TulSi upirispirdeba I seriis formebi II seriisas im mxriv, rom 

aspeqtian zmnebSi I seriis formebi u s r u l moqmedebas gadmoscemen, 

II seriisa ki _ sruls~ (a. SaniZe, 1976, gv. 68). es udavo 

faqtia. sxvaobas I da II serias Soris formobrivi TvalsazrisiT 

Te Tema Te ma qmnis... Sesabamisad, TemaTa dapirispireba aspeqturi dapirispirebis 

safuZvlad SeiZleba miviCnioT... es Zvel qarTulSi. 

axal qarTulSi am TvalsazrisiTac principuli xasiaTis 

cvlilebebi moxda: I seriaSi iseve xdeba sruli da usruli aspeqtis 

dapirispireba, rogorc meore seriaSi; anu: aspeqturi dapirispireba 

ara Temisa, aramed zmniswinis funqciad iqca: `zmniswinma 

zmnas misca aspeqti axal safuZvelze, magram am aspeqtma, 

usrulobis SemTxvevaSi, zmnas waarTva zmniswini da amiT mouspo 

mas saSualeba, damokidebuleba hqonoda sxvadasxva viTarebaSi 

mdebare punqtebTan sivrceSi~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 271). 

zmnur formaTa funqciuri analizi ar aris Cveni mizani. 

SevniSnavT mxolod, rom funqciurad Te Tema Te Tema 

ma (Sesabmisad _ Te Temis Te mis 

ni niSa ni 

Sa Sani 

ni) ni Zvel Zvel qar qarTul qar qarTul 

TulSi Tul Si as aspeqt as 

peqt peqtTan peqt Tan un unda un 

da iKos da dakav da 

kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebu rebu 

buli 

li. li 

a s p e q t i s s i s t e m i s c v l a p r i n c i p u l k a v S i r - 

S i u n d a i K o s T e m i s n i S a n T a s i s t e m a S i m o - 

m x d a r c v l i l e b e b T a n (da ara mxolod masTan): àspeqtis 

kategoriam aGniSna, ase vTqvaT, didi moxveuli qarTuli sa-


literaturo enis istoriaSi da amiT garkveuli miJna daido 

Zvel qarTulsa da axals Soris~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 271). 

faqtia: Tema kavSirSia aspeqtTan, magram Temis niSanTa ganawilebis 

safuZveli Zveli qarTulisaTvis (vTqvaT, ratom erTi 

Jgufis zmnebTan erTi Temis niSani da meoresTan _ sxva) Cven- 

Tvis gaurkvevelia. erTi aSkaraa: gvaris kategorias Temis niSan- 

Ta ganawilebasTan Zvel qarTulSi kavSiri ara aqvs: erTi da igive 

Temis niSani gvaqvs rogorc moqmedebiTi, ise vnebiTi da ise 

saSuali gvaris zmnebTan: 

aSen-eb-s 

mal-av-s 

dg-am-s 

SevipKr-ob 

da 

da 

da 

da 

Send-eb-is... 

imal-v-is 

daidg-m-is 

SeipKr-ob-is... 

rac Seexeba axal qarTuls, gvaris kategorias, Cveni azriT, 

arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniyeba Temis niSanTa gadanawilebisaTvis. 

Kovel SemTxvevaSi, momxdari formobrivi cvlilebebi amis maCvenebelia. 

gavixsenoT wina paragrafSi Tqmuli: ra saxis cvlilebebi 

moxda Temis niSanTa sistemaSi moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebTan: 

a) -eb eb eb Temis niSniani gaxda uTemisniSno: 

aGa-dgin dgin dgin-eb dgin eb eb-s eb _ aGa-dgen dgen dgen-s, dgen 

a-grov grov grov-eb grov eb eb-s eb _ a-grov grov grov-s... grov 

b) -eb eb Temis niSans Caenacvleba -av av av/ av -am am am: am 

gan-kurn kurn kurn-eb kurn eb eb-s eb _ gan-kurn kurn kurn-av kurn av av-s, av 

a-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-s eb _ a-keT keT keT-am keT am am-s... am 

g) -ob ob TemisniSniani gaxda -av av av/ av -am am TemisniSniani: 

gi-amb amb amb-ob amb ob ob-s ob _ gi-amb amb amb-am amb am am-s... am 

S-ob ob ob-s ob _ Sob-am am am-s... am 

d) uTemisniSno i elementiani zmnebi dairTaven am am-s: am 

zrd zrd-i-s zrd _ zard zard-am zard am am-s, am 

won won-i-s won _ won won-am won am am-s... am 

e) erTTemiani zmnebi dairTaven -av av av-s av 

Tib Tib-s Tib Tib _ Tib Tib-av Tib av av-s av 

wer wer-s wer _ wer wer-av wer wer av av-s... 

av 

335

336 


v) fuZedrekadi zmnebi dairTaven -av av av-s: av 

drek drek-s drek _ (drek-av-s) _ drik drik-av drik av av-s, av 

kben kben-s kben _ (kben-am-s) _ kbin kbin-am kbin am am-s... am 

cvlilebebis Sedegi aris is, rom m o q m e d e b i T i g v a - 

r i s z m n e b S i m k v i d r d e b a -av av av/ av -am am T e m i s n i S n e b i (Caenacvleba 

sxva Temis niSans, erTi mxriv, da Cndeba uTemisniSno 

zmnebSi, meore mxriv). 

ni: 

II. ra xdeba vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi: 

-av av av/ av -am am Temis niSnebs cvlis (anda daemateba) -eb eb Temis niSa- 

i-mal mal mal-v-is mal 

dai-b-m-is 

_ 

_ 

i-mal mal mal-eb mal eb eb-a, eb 

dai-b-meb meb meb-a... meb 

Tu imasac gavixsenebT, rom vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa umravlesoba 

-eb eb eb TemisniSniania, SeiZleboda dagveskvna: v n e b i T i g v a - 

r i s z m n e b S i a r i s t e n d e n c i a -eb eb T e m i s n i S n i s 

d a m k v i d r e b i s a. 

III. saSuali gvaris zmnebSi momxdari cvlilebebi: 

a) -eb eb TemisniSniani saSuali gvaris zmnebi iCenen tendencias 

-ob ob Temis niSanze gadasvlisa: 

tri trial tri trial 

al-eb al eb eb-s eb 

KiKin KiKin-eb KiKin KiKin eb eb-s eb 

_ 

_ 

tri trial tri trial 

al-ob al ob ob-s, ob 

KiKin KiKin-ob KiKin ob ob-s... ob 

b) -av av Temis niSani gadairicxa fuZeSi da dairTo -ob: 

gor-av av av-s av 

cur-av av av-s av 

_ 

_ 

go gorav go 

rav rav-ob-s, rav 

cu curav cu curav 

rav-ob-s... rav 

g) aseTi SemTxvevac dsturdeba, roca -av av ikargeba da zmna 

uTemisniSno xdeba: 

mocur-av-s _ mo-cur-s 

d) anda, -av av TemisniSniani -ob ob TemisniSniani xdeba: 

vi-loc-av av → v-locul-ob ob ob... 

ob


daskvna aseTia: saSuali gvaris zmnebSi aris tendencia -ob ob ob 

Temis niSnis damkvidrebisa... 

sabolood SeiZleba iTqvas: Temis niSanTa sistemaSi mimdinare 

cvlilebebis gaTvaliswineba gvafiqrebinebs, rom a x a l 

q a r T u l S i T e m i s n i S a n T a g a n a w i l e b a s s a f u Z - 

v l a d g v a r i s k a t e g o r i a e d e b a: -av av av/ av -am am T e m i s n i S - 

n e b i m k v i d r d e b a m o q m e d e b i T i g v a r i s z m n e b S i; 

-eb eb T e m i s n i S a n i m k v i d r d e b a v n e b i T i g v a r i s 

z m n e b S i d a -ob ob T e m i s n i S a n i _ s a S u a l i g v a r i s 

z m n e b S i. Kvela momxdari cvlileba am tendenciis gamovlenaa. 

$ $ $ 19 19. 19 

. . sta stati sta stati 

tikur kur zmna zmnaTa zmna 

Ta Ta awmKos awmKos me meSvel me 

Svel Svelzmni 

zmniani zmni ni ni 

for forme for forme 

mebis me bis Se Sesa Se 

sa saxeb sa xeb 

statikuri zmnebis awmKos formaTa warmoebaSi mniSvnelovani 

cvlilebebi moxda axal qarTulSi. 

Zvel qarTulSi Kvela tipis statikuri zmna awmKos 

formebs organulad iwarmoebs (gamovKofT sam Jgufs): 

I. v-dg-a 

s-dg-a 

dg-a-s 

v-dg-a-T 

s-dg-a-T 

dgan-an 

II. v-tir 

s-tir 

tir-s 

v-tir-T 

s-tir-T 

tir-an 

v-zi 

h-zi 

zi-s 

v-sxed-T 

h-sxed-T 

sxen-an 

v-Kiv-i 

h-Kiv-i 

Kiv-i-s 

v-Kiv-i-T 

h-Kiv-i-T 

Kiv-i-an 

v-wev 

s-wev 

wev-s 

v-wev-T 

s-wev-T 

wvan-an 

v-Kvav-i 

h-Kvav-i 

Kvav-i-s 

v-Kvav-i-T 

h-Kvav-i-T 

Kvav-i-an 

v-rb-i 

h-rb-i 

rb-i-s 

v-rb-i-T 

h-rb-i-T 

rb-i-an 

v-kunes-i 

h-kunes-i 

kunes-i-s 

v-kunes-i-T 

h-kunes-i-T 

kunes-i-an 

v-h-gav 

h-gav 

h-gav-s 

v-h-gav-T 

h-gav-T 

h-gvan-an 

337

338 

III. v-i-c-i 

i-c-i 

i-c-i-s 

v-i-c-i-T 

i-c-i-T 

i-c-i-an 


v-cur-av 

s-cur-av 

cur-av-s 

v-cur-av-T 

s-cur-av-T 

cur-av-en 

v-ampartavn-ob 

ampartavn-ob 

ampartavn-ob-s 

v-ampartavn-ob-T 

ampartavn-ob-T 

ampartavn-ob-en 

axali qarTulisaTvis uCveuloa I Jgufis zmnaTa formebi 

(magaliTebs vimowmebT: i. da v. imnaiSvilebi, 1996, gv. 87-89): 

aha esera me winaSe vdga vdga; vdga Cem Tana sdga sdga da ganuSorebeli 

xar. 

me aqa mS‚dobiT vzi vzi; vzi vzi Sen hzi hzi aqa parexsa amas marto . 

me ukve aw egre vrbi vrbi, vrbi viTarca ara uCinod; xolo Sen moklvad 

hrbi hrbi. hrbi 

aw Cuen ra sa vsxedT vsxedT? vsxedT romelTa Soris Tquen hsxedT hsxedT. hsxedT 

gareSÀ vCanT vCanT mdablad; nuca Sen aqa sCan sCan. sCan 

da me vwux vwux; vwux ra sa stir da swux swux. swux 

Sen swev swev da hkunesi... 

(vrclad am sakiTxze ix.: l. baramiZe, 1964). 

rac Seexeba II da III Jgufis zmnebs, maTi organuli (meSveli 

zmnis gareSe) formebi bunebrivia axali qarTulisaTvisac; Tumca 

sainteresoa tendencia, romelic Jer kidev Zvel qarTulSi Caisaxa. 

daiwKo statikuri zmnebis meSvelzmnian warmoebaze gadasvla. 

es procesi ramdenime etapad ganviTarda. 

Tu Zveli qarTulis viTarebas (Kvela statikuri zmna organuli 

warmoebisaa) miviCnevT pir pirvel pir vel eta etapad eta etapad 

pad, pad momdevno etapad 

ganvixilavT im periods, roca I Jgufis zmnebma daiwKes meSvelzmnian 

warmoebaze gadasvla. 

tendencia aseTia: meSvelzmniani paraleluri formebi ga- 

Cnda I da II subieqtur pirebSi (mxolobiTSic da mravlobiTSic). 

v-zi 

h-zi 

º 

º 

v-zi-var 

h-zi-xar 

v-sxed-T 

h-sxed-T 

º 

º 

v-sxed-varT 

sxed-xarT.


paraleluri formebi gvxvdeba erTsa da imave epoqaSi, zog- 

Jer erTsa da imave ZeglSic (magaliTebs vimowmebT: l. baramiZe, 

1964, gv. 123-126): 

me laparakad aqa vzi vzi; vzi mzesTan mTvare viTa vzi vzivar vzi var (Sahname). 

Tqves: vwux vwuxTo vwux To aq ar damxdomni; rasTvis swu swuxar swu swuxar 

xar pirad mzeo 

(arCili); 

vwev vwev; vwev swev swev (visramiani), vwe vwevar vwe var (Svd. mT.), swev swevxar swev xar (Sahname); 

sxedT sxedT (visramiani); vsxed vsxedvarT 

vsxed varT (Sahname)... 

am etapze paraleluri formebi im zmnebma gaiCines, romlebic 

dGes mxolod meSvelzmnianni arian. II da III tipis zmnaTa paraleluri 

formebi am periodis ZeglebSi ver davadastureT. 

`vefxistKaosanSi~ ti tiris ti ris zmnis I-II piris 11 forma dasturdeba 

(a. SaniZe, 1956). arcerTi ar aris meSvelzmniani: 

vti vtiri vti vti ri cremliTa cxariTa... 

ubrZana, nu stir stir, stir asulo... 

II II eta etapi eta eta pi SeiZleba ase warmovidginoT: 

I Jgufi II Jgufi III Jgufi 

v-zi º v-zi-var 

h-zi º h-zi-xar 

zi-s 

v-tir 

s-tir 

tir-s 

v-curav 

s-curav 

curav-s 

procesi araerTgvarovnad warimarTa: Tu meore etapze I 

Jgufis zmnaTa paraleluri formebi gvaqvs, momdevno etapze (davarqvaT 

III etapi) I Jgufis zmnebSi mxolod meSvelzmniani formebi 

gvaqvs, II Jgufis zmnebi iCenen paralelur meSvelzmnian variantebs: 

me vti vtiri vti vtiri 

ri, ri rameTu Zalum mKvarebia (ana); 

es sixarulis cremlebia, rodi vti vtirivar vti vti var (ana)... 

vCivi º vCivivar, vKviri º vKvirivar, vkvnesi º vkvnesivar... am 

tipis paralelizmi Cveulebrivia... 


v-zi-var v-tir-i º v-tir-i-var v-ic-i, v-fiqrob 

339

340 

zi-xar 

zi-s 


s-tir-i º s-tir-i-xar 

tir-i-s 

ici, 

icis, 

fiqrob 

fiqrob-s 

es aris faqtobriv Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis mdgomareoba. I da III Jgufis zmnebi problemas ar qmnis. II 

Jgufis zmnebSi paralelizmma normis SemoGebis sayiroeba Seqmna 

da 2002 wels qarTuli enis saxelmwifo komisiam daadgina: ùnda 

vTqvaT da vweroT: 

vtiri, tiri, nu tiri! 

vKviri, Kviri, nu Kviri! 

vtKui, tKui, nu tKui da misTanani~ (ax. normebi, 2003). 

anu meSvelzmniani formebi ukugdebulia. miiCneven, rom I da II 

Jgufis zmnaTa mesame piris formaTa warmoebis identuroba 

(zis... tiris...) aris safuZveli imisa, rom I Jgufis zmnaTa analogiiT 

meore Jgufis zmnebma I-II pirTa meSvelzmniani formebi 

ganaviTara: `rogorc Cans, aGniSnuli msgavsebis safuZvelze maTi 

pirvel-meore piris formebic adre CamoTvlili zmnebis mibaZviT 

iqna nawarmoebi K o f n a zmnis saSualebiT. ase miviGeT umarTebulo 

formebi: vmGerivar, mGerixar; vtirivar, tirixar; vKvirivar, 

Kvirixar; vtKuivar, tKuixar~ (iqve, gv. 8)... 

sadavoa amgvari daskvna, magram am Temaze sxvagan gvqonda saubari 

(g. gogolaSvili, 2009(2)); CvenTvis arsebiTi is aris, rom 

amgvar daskvnaTa gamotanisas ar xdeba sistemuri cvlilebebis 

gaTvaliswineba: vti vtiri vti ri º vti vtiri vti vtiri 

rivar ri var formaTa paralelizmi aris 

erT-erTi etapi statikur zmnebSi mimdinare cvlilebaTa kanonzomieri 

ganviTarebisa. 

procesi am etapze ar Cerdeba. sasaubro metKvelebaSi (da 

gansakuTrebiT bavSvebis enaSi) araa iSviaTi vi vici vi vici 

cini 

nivar nivar 

var, var , vfiq vfiqrob vfiq 

rob- 

var var tipis formebi; 

sagulisxmo faqtia isic, rom ingilour dialeqtSi es procesi 

ufro Sors aris wasuli; II Jgufis zmnebi iq Cveulebriv me- 

Svelzmniania; III tipis zmnebSi gvaqvs paralelizmi; metic, umetesad 

_ meSvelzmniani warmoeba: javrob-xar (Javrob), fiqrovar 

(vfiqrob), dardobxar (dardob)... 

vici-var vici-varT 

ici-xar ici-xar-T... 

ver vicivar (ar vici) (g. imnaiSvili, 1966; v. abaSvili, 2003).


es aris IV IV eta etapi eta pi statikur zmnaTa formacvalebisa: 


v-zi-var 

zi-xar 

zi-s 

v-tiri-var 

tiri-xar 

tiri-s 

v-ici º v-ici-var 

ici º ici-xar 

ici-s 

341 

v-fiqrob º v-fiqrob-var 

fiqrob º fiqrob-xar 

fiqrob-s 

rogorc iTqva, saliteraturo qarTuli da dialeqtTa umetesoba 

III etapzea gaCerebuli; IV etapze, faqtobriv, ingilouri 

dialeqti dgas; Tumca mTlad ucxo es etapi arc sxva dialeqtebisTvisaa 

(vicinivar, vfiqrobvar...). sakiTxi ufro gamowvlilviT 

analizs sayiroebs... 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna zemoT norma vaxseneT _ vti vtiri vti vtiri 

rivar 

var, var vKvi vKviri vKvi vKviri 

rivar ri var 

formaTa mcdarad gamocxadeba dafiqrebas moi- 

Txovs. analogiiT (`mibaZviT~) maTi axsna (ix.: ax. 

norm.) ar iqneba gamarTlebuli. v-zi zi zi-var zi var da v- 

tir tir-i-var tir var saerTo enobrivi tendenciis gamovlenis 

or etapad warmogvidgenia. am SemTxvevaSi XIX 

saukunis monacemTa safuZvelze XXI saukuneSi daskvnis 

gakeTebac ar gveCveneba marTebuli: amgvari 

enobrivi tendenciisaTvis saukune-naxevars angari- 

Si unda gaewios; is, rac bunebrivia dGes, SeiZleba 

iSviaTi movlena KofiliKo saukune-naxevris 

winaT... amis Taobaze aq msJelobas aGar gavagrZelebT 

(ix. g. gogolaSvili, 2009(2)). 

amgvarad, statikur zmnebSi meSvelzmnian formaTa ganviTarebis 

TvalsazrisiT oTxi etapi gamovKaviT: 

I etapi: samive Jgufis zmnaTa awmKos mwkrivis formaTa warmoeba 

organulia. 

II etapi: I Jgufis zmnebma paraleluri meSvelzmniani formebi gaiCina; 

III etapi: I Jgufi _ mxolod meSvelzmniani, II Jgufi _ paraleluri: 

meSvelzmniani da organuli, III Jgufi _ mxolod 

organuli; 

IV etapi: I-II Jgufi mxolod meSvelzmniani; III Jgufi _ paralelu-

342 


ri; _ organuli da meSvelzmniani (upiratesoba am ukanasknels 

aqvs). 

I da II etapi istoriis sakuTrebaa; III da IV etapi Tanamedrove 

qarTulis viTarebas asaxavs... 

$ $ $ 20 20. 20 20. 

. na nasa na nasa 

saxe 

xelar 

lar zmna zmnaTa zmna zmnaTa 

Ta fu fuZis fu 

Zis Zis sa saki sa 

ki kiTxi 

Txisa 

saTvis 

Tvis 

saxelis fuZisagan zmnuri formebis warmoeba qarTulSi 

Cveulebrivi procesia. 

saxeluri fuZeebisagan zmnuri formebis warmoebis sami SemTxveva 

gairCeva: 

a) saxeluri fuZe ucvleladaa warmodgenili zmnur formebSi: 

lia: 

saxl saxl-i saxl saxl 

kac kac-i kac 

bral bral-i bral bral 

did did-i did 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

daa-saxl saxl saxl-ebs saxl 

kac kac-obs kac 

a-bral bral bral-ebs bral 

a-did did did-eb-s... did 

b) saxelis fuZiseuli xmovani zmnur formebSi gauCinarebu- 

marT marTal-i marT 

sa salam sa 

lam lam-i lam 

gro grova gro va 

gu gube gu 

be 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

gaa-marTl marTl marTl-ebs, 

marTl 

gamoa-salm salm salm-ebs, salm 

moa-grov grov grov-ebs, grov 

daa-gub gub gub-ebs... gub 

g) saxeluri fuZe v elementiTaa garTulebuli: 

xe 

qva 

brma 

tKve 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

gaa-xe xe xe-v-ebs xe 

gaa-qva qva qva-v-ebs qva 

daa-brma brma brma-v-ebs brma 

daa-tKve tKve tKve-v-ebs tKve 

kumSvad da kvecad fuZeTagan warmoebul zmnur formebSi 

(II SemTxveva) fuZe Cveulebriv fonetikurad saxecvlilia (Sekum- 

Sulia an Sekvecilia). fuZiseuli xmovnis dakargva zmnur for-


mebSi fonetikur procesad gaiazreba: `saxelis fuZe zmnaSi imitom 

ikumSeba, rom mas aq sruli xmovnebi mosdevs (a, e, o)~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 418). sirTules doniani vnebiTi qmnis: ga- 

marTl marTl-d-eba, marTl ga-wiTl wiTl wiTl-d-eba; wiTl da-gub gub gub-d-eba, gub Se-grov grov grov-deba... grov Tanxmovansufiqsuri 

fonetikur process ver gamoiwvevs. orgvari axsna 

arsebobs am sirTulisa: `vnebiTis formanti Zvelad ed ed (en en en) en unda 

KofiliKo. e. i. xmovniT dawKebuli afiqsi, romelic fuZeSi 

SekumSvas iwvevda. maSasadme, SekumSva istoriulad SemuSavda da 

dGevandlamde darCa~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 418). sxva TvalsazrisiT, 

SekumSuli fuZe moqmedebiTidan gadmohKva (arn. Ciqobava, 

1948, gv. 76). 

aris Tvalsazrisic, romelic ewinaaGdmegeba am orivegvar 

axsnas: nasaxelar zmnebSi moqmedebiTi da vnebiTi (an saSuali) 

erTi meoris konversiuli forma ki ar aris, aramed TiToeuli 

maTgani (erTi da imave saxelisagan nawarmoebi sxvadasxva gvaris 

formebi) uSualod saxeluri fuZisagan momdinared miiCneva: 

ara ara civ-i → acivebs 

a-civ-eb-s 

ara aramed ara med civi civ-d-eba 

civ-ob-s. 

civdeba 

civobs... 

arsebiTi am debulebisaTvis isaa, rom àris SemTxvevebi, 

roca saxelisagan zmna ki iwarmoeba, magram mas gvaris mxolod 

erTi forma da misi statikuri (gardauvali) varianti moepoveba: 

Crdili, aCrdilebs, Crdilobs (`Crdilsac CrdilobT~, xalxuri...), 

an mxolod statikuri _ xili: `xilsac xilobT~ (xalxuri...), 

magram ukanasknel formas moqmedebiTi da vnebiTi ara 

aqvs~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1975, gv. 128-129). 

es sagulisxmo faqtia: Kovel konkretul formaSi vnebiTisa 

(Tu saSualo gvaris zmnisa) ar unda xdebodes gaazreba Sesabamisi 

moqmedebiTisa: enaSi Seqmnilia zogadi modelebi da ama Tu im 

modelSi xdeba Casma saxeluri fuZisa. roca arsebobs vnebiTis 

forma ga gako ga 

ko komu 

munis 

nistda 

tda, tda ar ivaraudeba, rom arsebobs formac ako- 

ako 

mu munis mu 

nis nistebs 

tebs... 

tebs 

343

344 


Tu es asea (da, vfiqrobT, rom asea), rogor avxsnaT kumSvadi 

da kvecadi fuZeebis sakiTxi? 

Cveni azriT, roca arsebobs saxeluri fuZis ori varianti 

_ sruli da arasruli (SekumSuli an Sekvecili), zmnuri formawarmoebisaTvis 

fonetikurad saxecvlili varianti gamoiKeneba; 

anu: fonetikuri procesi ar xdeba zmnur formaSi; zmna saxeluri 

paradigmidan mzamzareul fuZes gamoiKenebs (da ara mis amosaval 

srul variants): 

mar marTal mar marTal 

Tal- Tal 

marTl marTl _ 

poetur metKvelebaSi dasaSvebia srulfuZiani variantic: 

salam _ mie-sa sa salam salam 

lam-a lam (erTi pawia Ciora muxidan mo mome mo 

me mesa 

sala 

lama 

ma _ ana) 

salm _ 

gamoa-salm salm salm-ebs salm 

mi-e-salm salm salm-eba salm 

aris SemTxvevebi, roca saxeluri fuZis ori variantidan (sruli, 

arasruli) zmnaSi sruli varianti gamoiKeneba. 

gaa-wKal-eb-s 

wKal 

wKal 

ga-wKal-deba 

wK wKl wK 

_ ______ 

aa-mtver-ebs 

mtver 

mtver 

a-mtver-deba 

mtvr mtvr _ _____ 

Se-a-Jvar-eb-s 

Jvar Jvar- Jvar 

Se-Jvar-d-eb-a 

Jvr Jvr- Jvr 

_ _____ 

a-marTl-eb-s 

marTl-d-eba


erT SemTxvevaSi ratom gamoiKeneba sruli fuZe da meore 

SemTxvevaSi _ arasruli fuZe, momavali kvleva-Ziebis saqmea; faqti 

erTia: fonetikuri garemo erTgvari, Sedegi _ sxvadasxva... 

magram: 

viTareba analogiuria xmovanfuZian saxelebSic: 

da da- da 

_ Zma _ 

d- _ d-obs, Zm _ Zm Zm-obs Zm 

ma mama ma 

ma _ ma mama ma 

ma ma-obs ma (rusT xelmwifesTan ma mama ma ma maobs ma obs _ d. guram.) 

ma mam ma 

_ mam mam-obs mam 

m e o r e m x r i v : 

qva _ 

qv _ ______ 

xe _ 

a-qva qva qva-v-ebs qva 

qva qva-v-deba qva 

a-xe xe xe-v-ebs xe 

xe xe-v-deba 

xe 

x _ ______ 

`zmnuri fuZeebis leqsikonSi~ vwerdiT: `ramdenadac kum- 

Svad da kvecad saxelTa fuZis ori variantidan (marTal _ 

marTl, mcire _ mcir) zmnis sistemaSi fonetikurad saxecvlili 

variantia gamoKenebuli mTel paradigmaSi, nasaxelar zmnaTa fu- 

Zed am SemTxvevaSi warmovadgenT arasrul variants da ara mis 

amosaval fonetikur saxeobas~ (g. gogolaSvili, c. kvantaliani, 

d. Sengelia, 1989, gv. 5; ix. agreTve: g. gogolaSvili, c. kvantaliani, 

d. Sengelia, saxelzmnuri fuZeebis leqsikoni, 1991). 

Cven amJerad kiTxvebs vsvamT. pasuxebi gasacemia... 

erTi kiTxvac: ras warmoadgens v aqvavebs, atKvevebs tipis 

formebSi? 

345

346 


xmovanfuZian ukvecel saxelebSi gamovlenili `v elementi 

ganviTarebuli unda iKos xmovanTa Soris arsebuli hiatusis Tavidan 

asacileblad~ (l. nozaZe, 1974, gv. 26). am Tvalsazriss 

ufro kategoriuladac amtkiceben (T. uTurgaiZe, 1974, gv. 23). 

viTarebas aqac sufiqsiani vnebiTi arTulebs: v SenarCunebulia 

_ qva-v-d-eba, xe-v-d-eba... hiatusi aq araviTar SuaSia; Tu 

moqmedebiTSi SeiZleba ase dsmuliKo sakiTxi (a-xe-v-ebs, a-qva-vebs...), 

Sesabamisi fonetikuri garemos arqonis SemTxvevaSi v-s 

arseboba gaurkvevelia. moqmedebiTis formidan misi gadmoKola 

vnebiTSi aseve araa sarwmuno: Tu moqmedebiTSi fonetikuri sayiroebisaTvis 

gaCndeba, vnebiTebSi es sayiroeba ar iKo... 

kidev erTi saintereso faqtia: v v gvaqvs im nasaxelar zmnaTa 

vnebiTebSi, romelTa fuZec o da u xmovnebze mTavrdeba: 

axlo-v-deba, Kru-v-deba... 

Tumca Sesabamis moqmedebiTebSi igi ar dasturdeba a-axloebs, 

a-Kru-ebs... am formebSi v-s dakargulad ver miviCnevT, radgan 

aq misi gaCenis pirobac ar iKo u-a, , o-e xmovankompleqsTa ga- 

TiSva ar iKo mosalodneli. 

sainteresod SeniSnavs a. SaniZe: ès v zmnisaTvis fuZis 

(martivi Temis) ganuKofeli nawilia~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, g. 421); 

igi moqmedebiTebSi dakarguliao: fuZe `gaivrcoba v-iniT, romelic 

daikargeba rogorc o-nis win, ise o-nis Semdeg, gansakuTrebiT 

ki u-nis Semdeg~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 420). 

am sagulisxmo SeniSvnidan gamomdinare, ramdenadac v zmnur 

formebSi (piriansa Tu upiroSi) KovelTvisaa warmodgenili, Tu 

fornetikur niadagze ar aris gauCinarebuli, v-s miviCnevT fu- 

Zis organul nawilad. mas S e i Z l e b a m a z m n a v e b e l i 

e l e m e n t i v u w o d o T. Sesabamisad saxelis fuZea: qva, tKve, 

farTo, Kru... zmnis fuZea: qvav, tKvev, farTov, Kruv... 

amitomac iKo, zmnuri da saxelzmnuri fuZeebis leqsikoneb- 

Si saleqsikono erTeulad am tipis nasaxelar zmnebSi SevitaneT 

v elementiani formebi da ara amosavali saxeluri formebi (ix.: 

g. gogolaSvili, c. kvantaliani, d. Sengelia, 1989; g. gogolaSvili, 

c. kvantaliani, d. Sengelia, 1991). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna rogorc Cans, qarTulisaTvis arabunebrivia xmovanze 

dasrulebuli martivi fuZe zmnisa. sainte-


347 

reso statistika: f. erTeliSvili gaanalizebs 

5481 zmnur martiv fuZes. amaTgan CV struqtu- 

risa aris 14, xolo CCV struqturisa _ 11. esenia 

Cveulebriv o da u xmovnebze dasrulebuli 

fuZeebi (f. erTeliSvili, 1970, gv. 19), romleb- 

Sic Sesabamis fonetikur garemoSi v Tanxmovani 

aGdgeba: fu (fuis _a-fuv fuv fuv-da), fuv tKu (tKu-is _ 

mo-tKuv-da)... 

Kovelive es sagulisxmo daskvnis saSualebas gvaZlevs: kum- 

Svadi, kvecadi da ukveceli saxeluri fuZeebis SemTxvevaSi 

zmnur formebSi fuZeTa aseTi arCevani (SekumSuli, Sekvecili 

da v v elementiT garTulebuli) z m n u r i d a s a x e l u r i f u - 

Z e e b i s g a n m a s x v a v e b e l s a S u a l e b a d u n d a m i v i C - 

n i o T. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna saerTo warmomavlobis zmnuri da saxeluri fuZeebis 

fonologiurad dapirispirebuli magaliTebi 

qarTulSi gvaqvs: 

saxeluri fuZe zmnuri fuZe 

Zal Zal-ai Zal 

Zel Zel (Sevi-Zel) 

qar qar-i qar 

qer (gav-qer) 

qr (qr-is) 

gan gan-i gan 

gen gen (miva-gen) 

axal axal 

axel (ve-axel) 

(amis Taobaze ix. g. gogolaSvili, 1981). 

$ 21 21. 21 

. er erTpi er erTpi 

Tpiri 

rian ri an na nasa na 

sa saxe saxe 

xelar xe lar zmna zmnaTa zmna 

Ta ffor 

f for 

orma 

mawar 

warmo 

moebis mo bis 

ssaki 

s ki kiTxe 

Txebi 

bi 

erTpiriani nasaxelari zmnebi ZiriTadad or morfologiur 

JgufSi erTiandeba: vnebiTi gvarisa da saSuali gvaris e. w. `medioaqtiur~ 

JgufSi. gvaqvs, erTi mxriv, iba ibare iba ibare 

reba 

ba, ba , ijan ijange ijan ijange 

geba 

ba, ba , ika- 

ika 

le leba le leba 

ba, ba, 

, iqar iqarge iqar iqarge 

geba 

ba, 

, gub gubde gub gubde 

deba 

ba, ba , mxec mxecde mxec mxecde 

deba 

ba, ba , Sav Savde Sav Savde 

deba de ba da sxva; meore 

mxriv, mxe mxecobs mxe 

cobs cobs, cobs , me mefobs me 

fobs fobs, fobs , bav bavSvobs bav bavSvobs 

Svobs, Svobs , Tev Tevza Tev 

za zaobs 

obs, obs , bur burTa bur 

Ta Taobs 

obs, obs , ken kenya ken 

ya yaobs ya obs 

da sxva.

348 


TiToeul zemowarmodgenil JgufSi SeiZleba gamoiKos qveJgufebi 

formawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT: a) iniani vnebiTebi, b) 

doniani vnebiTebi, g) -av av elementiani rTuli formebi T e v z a - 

o b s _ i T e v z a v a tipisa da d) martivi formebi m e f o b s _ 

i m e f a tipisa. 

TiTqmis Kvela saxelisagan SeiZleba vawarmooT zmnuri 

forma, magram erTi da imave saxelisagan ver vawarmoebT zemowarmodgenili 

Kvela formobrivi Jgufidan nebismiers. arsebobs 

garkveuli akrZalvebi: k a l a _ i k a l e b a, magram araa k a l - 

d e b a, k a l o b s, k a l a o b s da misT. 

Cveni mizania, gavarkvioT, arsebobs Tu ara raime kanonzomiereba 

formaTa amgvar ganawilebaSi; erTi da imave saxelisagan 

ratom iwarmoeba mxolod garkveuli formebi da ra aris mizezi 

sxva formaTa akrZalvisa. 

vnebiTi gvaris nasaxelar zmnaTa ganxilvisas gamoKvanilia 

daskvna: rom ìjangeba _ jangdeba tipis formebi funqciis TvalsazrisiT 

ar unda warmoadgendnen paralelur formebs,... erTi 

maTgani jangdeba (resp. jangad iqceva) gardaqceviTobis funqciis 

matarebeli unda KofiliKo, magram forma ijangeba (resp. jangiT 

ifareba) ki _ instrumentativisa~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1975). vfiqrobT, 

sakiTxis amgvarad dasma marTebulia. Sinaarsobrivi sxvaoba 

iZebneba agreTve ime imefa ime fa da iTev iTevza iTev iTevza 

zava za va tipis formebs Sorisac. 

ufro metic, xerxdeba im saerTo safuZvlis daZebna, romlis mixedviTac 

SeiZleba zemowarmodgenil erTpirian nasaxelar zmnaTa 

Jgufebis daxasiaTeba. 

arsebiTi, rac erTpirian nasaxelar zmnaTa formobriv Jgufebs 

erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs, aris is, Tu rogoria mimarTeba 

saTanado zmnis subieqtisa da zmnis fuZiT gadmocemul mniSvnelobas 

Soris; e. i. im saxeliT gadmocemul mniSvnelobas Soris, 

romlisganac saTanado zmnuri forma iwarmoeba. 

a) i prefiqsian vnebiTebSi subieqtis aGmniSvneli sitKviT 

gamoxatul saganze moqmedeben zmnis fuZeSi warmodgenili 

sitKviT aGniSnuli sagniT: da daiba da 

ba bara ba ra miwa _ m i w a subieqtia, 

b a r i _ fuZiT gadmocemuli mniSvneloba; bariT moqmedeben miwaze. 

amgvaria damokidebuleba am Jgufis TiTqmis Kvela zmnis 

subieqtisa da fuZiT gadmocemul mniSvnelobas Soris: 

da daijan da 

jan janga jan ga Tofi: mimarTeba Tofsa da jangs Soris;


mo moiS mo 

iS iSxa 

xama 

ma bavSvi: mimarTeba bavSvsa da Sxams Soris; 

mo moice mo 

ce cela ce la balaxi: mimarTeba balaxsa da cels Soris; 

da daisetKva da 

setKva venaxi... da daifar da 

far farcxa far cxa miwa... mo moixer mo 

xer xerxa xer xa xe da mravali 

sxva. rogorc vxedavT, Kvela SemTxvevaSi mimarTeba subieqtsa 

da fuZiT gadmocemul mniSvnelobas Soris erTgvaria. subieqti 

Kvela SemTxvevaSi pasiuria, realurad is moqmedebis obieqtia; 

ganicdis zemoqmedebas im sagnisas, romlis aGmniSvneli saxelic 

zmnis fuZeSia warmodgenili. 

b) sufiqsian vnebiTebSi subieqti gadaiqceva im sagnad (an 

imgvarad), romlis aGmniSvneli saxelic zmnis fuZeSia warmodgenili: 

jan jangde jan jangde 

gdeba gde ba Tofi _ Tofi jangad iqceva; ga gawiT ga gawiT 

wiTlda wiT lda ca _ ca 

wiTeli gaxda; da dagub da dagub 

gubda 

da wKali; da dakac da 

kac kacda kac da bavSvi; ga gaSav ga gaSav 

Savda Sav da siTxe da 

sxva. 

unda aGiniSnos, rom am JgufSi Semodis ZiriTadad sagnis 

niSnis an Tvisebis gamomxatvel saxelTagan nawarmoebi zmnebi. 

vambobT `sagnis niSnis an Tvisebis~ da ara zedsarTavs, radgan am 

JgufSi SeiZleba Semovides arsebiT saxelTagan nawarmoebi zmnebic, 

roca arsebiTi saxeli sagnis niSans an Tvisebas gamoxatavs 

da ara sagans: ga gamxec ga 

mxec mxecda 

da, da , gam gamgel gam 

gel gelda 

da, 

, ga gaJiq ga gaJiq 

Jiqda 

da... da mxe mxeci mxe mxeci 

ci, 

, mge mgeli mge 

li li, 

, Ji Jiqi Ji 

qi 

am SemTxvevaSi zedsarTavis funqciiT gamodis. 

g) ìmefa~ tipis zmnaTa fuZeSi warmodgenili saxeliT 

aGniSnuli sagani subieqtisaTvis mibaZvis, mimsgavsebis sagania; 

subieqti avlens zmnis fuZiT gadmocemul mniSvnelobasTan droebiT 

msgavsebas, droebiT asrulebs mis funqcias, movaleobas: 

bav bavSvobs bav Svobs kaci _ kaci bavSviviT iqceva; ve vezi ve vezi 

zirobs zi robs _ veziris movaleobas 

asrulebs; ka kacobs ka 

cobs cobs, cobs , xe xevis xe 

vis visbe 

berobs be robs da sxva. 

amgvar Sinaarsobriv gaazrebas pirobiTad m s g a v s o b i - 

T o b a SeiZleba vuwodoT. msgavsobiTobis Sinaarsi SeiZleba 

gamoxatos nebismieri saxelisagan warmoebulma formam, Tu saxelis 

semantika amis SesaZleblobas iZleva. e. i. Tu saxelis semantika 

iseTia, rom SeiZleba subieqtma mas mibaZos, mas miemsgavsos, 

masaviT moiqces, misi movaleoba Seasrulos. 

d) dabolos, ìTevzava~ tipis zmnebSi mimarTeba subieqtsa 

da zmnis fuZiT gadmocemul mniSvnelobas Soris ase SeiZleba 

daxasiaTdes: subieqti moqmedebas asrulebs fuZeSi warmodgenili 

saxeliT aGniSnuli sagniT an saganze, sxvagvarad: fuZiT 

gadmocemuli mniSvneloba subieqtisaTvis aris is obieqti, rom- 

349

350 


liTac an romelzec moqmedebs: Tev Tevza Tev Tevza 

zaobs 

obs _ wKalSi Tevzs iyers; 

bur burTa bur burTa 

Taobs Ta obs _ burTs TamaSobs; kurdGla kurdGlaobs 

kurdGla obs _ kurdGelze nadirobs; 

mwKera mwKeraobs mwKera obs _ mwKerze nadiobs; Sol Solta Sol Solta 

taobs ta obs Soltis qneviT 

TamaSobs; gun gunda gun gunda 

daobs da obs _ Tovlis gundebis sroliT vinmesTan Tama- 

Sobs da sxva. mimarTeba subieqtisa da zmnis fuZiT gadmocemul 

mniSvnelobas Soris KovelTvis erTgvaria. 

amgvarad, erTpirian nasaxelar zmnaTa formobrivad dapirispirebuli 

Jgufebi Sinaarsobriv dapirispirebasac avlenen. Sinaarsobriv 

sxvaobas qmnis mimarTeba subieqtsa da zmnis fuZiT 

gadmocemul mniSvnelobas Soris. 

Kovelive zemoTqmuli bunebrivad svams sakiTxs _ ra aris 

mizezi formobriv Jgufebs Soris Sinaarsobrivi sxvaobisa; saTanado 

forma aris Tu ara Sesabamisi Sinaarsis morfologiuri 

gamoxatva? an sxvagvarad: SeiZleba Tu ara saTanado formaTa 

urTierTganmasxvavebeli elementi miviCnioT Sesabamisi Sinaarsis 

morfologiur niSnad? _ ra Tqma unda, ara. 

a m g v a r i S i n a a r s o b r i v i d a p i r i s p i r e b a arsebul 

formebs Soris d a m a x a s i a T e b e l i a m x o l o d 

n a s a x e l a r i z m n e b i s a T v i s. msgavsi warmoebis mqone Zireuli 

zmnebi amgvar Sinaarsobriv dapirispirebas ar gmoxataven: 

iz izrde iz izrde 

rdeba 

ba, ba , ir irTve ir irTve 

Tveba 

ba, ba , in ingre in ingre 

greva 

va... va ... Sen Sende Sen 

de deba 

ba, ba , keT keTde keT 

de deba 

ba, ba , Cnde Cndeba Cnde 

ba ba... ba ... maT Soris 

msgavsi Sinaarsobrivi sxvaoba ar SeiniSneba. ufro sworad, 

Zireul zmnebSi ar dgeba sakiTxi subieqtisa da fuZiT gadmocemuli 

mniSvnelobis urTierTmimarTebisa. 

es faqtebi, vfiqrobT, gansakuTrebuli Girebulebisaa. ker- 

Zod, dadasturebaa imisa, rom saTanado forma ar aris Sesabamisi 

Sinaarsis morfologiuri gamoxatva. enaSi ukve arsebulma 

formebma SeiTvises gansxvavebuli, aseve enaSi ukve arsebuli Sinaarsi. 

formaTa Soris amgvari Sinaarsobrivi sxvaoba gviandeli 

Cans. esec aris mizezi imisa, rom zogi forma ar aris im Sinaarsis 

gamomxatveli, romelzec zemoT gvqonda saubari. mag.: na nadi na didi 

obs obs _ ina inadi ina inadi 

dira di ra formis mixedviT me mefobs me fobs _ ime imefa ime fa tipisaa, magram 

Sinaarsobrivad _ Tev Tevza Tev Tevza 

zaobs za obs _ iTev iTevza iTev iTevza 

zava 

va tipis zmnaTa rigSi 

dgeba. ina inaze ina inaze 

zeba ze ba formiT iniani vnebiTia, SinaarsiT ki me mefobs me fobs _ 

ime imefa ime fa tipisa. msgavsi magaliTebi sxvac SeiZleba daiZebnos.


$ $ 22 22. 22 . -av av ele elemen ele elemen 

menti 

tian ti an me medi me 

di dioaq di aq aqti aqti 

tiur ti ur zmna zmnaTa zmna 

Ta Se Sesa Se 

sa saxeb sa xeb 

saSuali gvaris zmnaTa erTi nawili dro-kiloTa formebs 

paralelurad iwarmoebs: gvaqvs, erTi mxriv, martivi go goravs go 

ravs ravs, ravs , cu- 

cu 

ravs ravs, ravs , xtu xtunavs xtu xtunavs 

navs... navs da, meore mxriv, rTuli go gora go 

ra ravobs 

vobs, vobs , cu cura cu cura 

ravobs ravobs 

vobs, vobs, 

, 

xtu xtuna xtu xtuna 

navobs na obs obs... obs formebi. martiv da rTul formaTa ganmasxvavebeli 

-av av elementi rTul formebSi Kvela mwkrivSi gadahKveba zmnas. 

vini ikargeba im SemTxvevaSi, roca -av av av elements o xmovnis Semcveli 

sufiqsi daerTvis: go goraobs go 

obs ← go gora go gora 

ravobs 

vobs, vobs , igo igora igo igora 

raos ra os ← 

igo igora igo igora 

ravos 

vos... vos igive -av av elementi iCens Tavs rig nasaxelar zmnasTanac: 

iTevz iTevz-av iTevz av av-a, av , iburT iburT-av iburT av av-a, av , irik irik-av irik 

av av-a... av 

samecniero literaturaSi rTul formaTa arseboba amgvaradaa 

axsnili: ànze gaTavebuli ob obiani ob 

saSuali zmnebis analogiiT 

(vgun vgun vgunda 

daob 

ob, ob, 

, vko vkoya vko vkoya 

yaob 

ob, ob , vkox vkoxta vkox vkoxta 

taob 

ob, ob , vmu vmuSa vmu vmuSa 

Saob 

ob, ob , vci vciga vci vciga 

gaob 

ob) ob gakeTebulia 

zmnebi: vyo vyora vyo 

ra raob 

ob, 

, vcu vcura vcu 

ra raob 

ob, ob , vTev vTevza vTev 

za zaob 

ob, ob sadac v aGdgeba sa- 

Tanado fonetikur pirobebSi: vi vi-Tev vi Tev Tevzav 

zav-eb zav eb eb da misT~ (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 420). Zireul zmnebsa da TanxmovanfuZian saxelTagan nawarmoeb 

zmnur formebSi -av av elementis arsebobis axsna a xmovanfuZian 

ukvecel saxelTagan nawarmoebi zmnuri formebis analogiiT 

sadavo gveCveneba: sagulisxmo faqtia is, rom meore seriis 

formebSi -av av elements gamoavlens is Zireuli zmnebi, romelTac 

martivi formebi -av av TemisniSniani aqvT: icu icura icu icura 

rava ra va _ cu curavs cu curavs 

ravs, ravs, 

, 

igo igora igo igora 

rava ra va _ _ go goravs go 

ravs (ix. $ 17.3.)... rogorc Cans, rTul formebSi 

gamovlenili -av av elementi da Sesabamisi martivi formebis -av av av 

Temis niSani erTi d igive odenobaa. swored amas varaudobs l. 

nozaZe, roca ambobs: `Tevzaobs tipis zmnebisTvisac xom ar SeiZleba 

vivaraudoT -av av sufiqsiani formebi: Tev Tevzavs Tev Tevzavs 

zavs, zavs , ba banavs ba 

navs navs, navs , bur bur- bur 

Tavs Tavs, Tavs , yi yidavs yi yidavs 

davs~ davs (l. nozaZe, 1974, gv. 26). faqti erTia: gvaqs martivi 

da rTuli formebi; gvainteresebs: aris Tu ara maT Soris 

raime Sinaarsobrivi sxvaoba. 

icu icura icu icu ra _ icu icura icu 

ra rava ra va tipis formobrivad dapirispirebuli er- 

Teulebi samecniero literaturaSi identuri Sinaarsis odenobebad 

aris miCneuli (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 420; j. feiqriSvili, 

1977, gv. 51; l. nozaZe, 1974, gv. 26). es faqti Tavs iCens `qar- 

Tuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSic~, sadac vkiTxulobT: 

cu cura cu cura 

raobs 

obs _ igivea, rac curavs, 

351

352 


xtu xtuna xtu xtuna 

naobs na obs _ igivea, rac xtis; xtu xtunavs xtu navs _ igivea, rac xtis, 

buq buqnavs buq navs _ igivea, rac buqnaobs... 

Tumca, rig SemTxvevaSi miTiTebuli aris rTul da martiv 

formebs Soris arsebuli Sinaarsobrivi sxvaobac: 

go gora go 

ra raobs ra obs _ mwoliare erT adgilze brunavs, tralebs; erT- 

Tavad wevs, gadabrund-gadmobrundeba. Sdr.: 

go goravs go 

ravs _ brunviT, trialiT adgils gadainacvlebs. 

Kvin KvinTa Kvin KvinTa 

Taobs Ta obs xSir-xSirad, zedized KvinTavs, Sdr.: 

Kvin KvinTavs Kvin Tavs _ wKlis siGrmeSi Cadis... 

icu icura icu ra _ _ icu icura icu 

ra rava ra va tipis formebs Soris Sinaarsobriv sxvaobas 

xedavs b. JorbenaZe; misi azriT, `go go goravs go ravs _ go gora go gora 

raobs ra obs tipis 

formebi erTmaneTis mimarT paralelurad SeiZleba CaiTvalos 

imdenad, ramdenadac Kvela maTgani `mediumis~ funqcias gadmoscems 

da mniSvnelobiTac erTmaneTis fardni arian. SeiniSneba 

erTgvari Sinaarsobrivi sxvaobac. kerZod, -ob ob TemisniSniani sa- 

Suali zmnebi mdgomareobis met ganzogadebas axdenen, vidre sxva 

TemisniSandarTuli formebi. da, marTlac, Tuki go goravs go 

ravs umetesad 

awmKos funqciis matarebelia, go gora go 

ra raobs ra obs (← go gora go 

ra ravobs 

vobs) vobs forma 

ufro zogad awmKos ganekuTvneba. sxvagvarad: aGniSnavs moqmede- 

bas, romelic damaxasiaTebelia ama Tu im sagnisaTvis (resp. pirovnebisaTvis)~ 

(b. JorbenaZe, 1975, gv. 202). vfiqrobT, udavo 

unda iKos Sinaarsobrivi dapirispireba cur cur-av cur cur av av-s av s _ cur cur-av cur 

av av-ob av ob ob-s ob s 

tipis formebs Soris. Cveni azriT, martiv formaTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

Cans droisa Tu sivrcis TvalsazrisiT SeuzGudavi moqmedebis 

gadmocema, xolo, Sesabamisad, droisa Tu sivrcis TvalsazrisiT 

SezGuduli moqmedebis gadmocema -av av elementian formaTa 

funqciaa. 

a) Cveulebrivi, droisa Tu sivrcis TvalsazrisiT SeuzGudavi 

moqmedeba unda gamoixatebodes am SemTxvevaSi (vsargeblobT 

saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis 

institutis qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis sadokumentacio 

fondiT): 

Cemi xnisa qvac aGar go gorav go 

rav ravso 

so, so xmurobiT itKoda (g. xorg.). 

mTidan qva go goravs go 

ravs ravs (a. Kazb.). 

qoTanma igo igora igo igora 

ra, ra, 

, igo igora igo ra da Tavis sarqveli ipovnao (and.). 

Sen kargad cu curav cu rav (d. kvic.).


daTiko marTla SesaniSnavad cu curav cu curav 

ravda rav da (a. beliaSv.). 

mercxali navardobs da TiTqmis cu curavs cu 

ravs (r. erisT.). 

ZaGli darbis, xtu xtunavs xtu xtunavs 

navs, navs ikbineba (iakobi). 

kurdGelma rac ikuka, is ix ixtu ix ixtu 

tuna tu na (and.)... 

b) droisa Tu sivrcis TvalsazrisiT garkveulad SezGuduli 

moqmedeba unda iKos gamoxatuli zemowarmodgenil zmnaTa 

-av av elementian formebSi: 

erTi wuTis Semdeg oriveni quCis mtverSi go gora go gora 

raob 

obdnen ob dnen 

(a. sulak.). 

fexebis dayra Sen ufro gargebs, rom ufro kargad igo igora igo ra- 

vo vo (v. urJ.) 

bagratam naxevari saaTi igo igora igo igora 

rava ra va taxtze (a. beliaSv.). 

meore dGes Kinulze vcu vcura vcu vcura 

raob 

obdiT ob diT nela-nela (r. erisT.). 

oragulebma karga xans icu icura icu icura 

raves 

ves Zir-Zir (iakobi) 

kai xani icu icura icu icura 

rava ra va Cvenma mgalobelma cis sivrceSi (iakobi). 

bavSvebi TamaSobdnen da xtu xtuna xtu xtuna 

naob 

obdnen ob dnen (x. s.). 

mec bevrJer mi mixtu mi 

xtu xtuna 

navia na via pataraobaSi (S. aragv.). 

zGarbma ix ixtu ix ixtu 

tuna tuna 

nava na va da iTamaSa (iakobi)... 

magram aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom amgvari Sinaarsobrivi dapirispireba 

martiv da rTul formebs Soris sistemebr ar aris 

gatarebuli. ufro sworad, zogJer yirs formaTa Soris mniSvnelobaTa 

amgvari diferenciacia. aris SemTxvevebi, roca Sinaarsobrivad 

TiTqos mosalodneli iKo -av av elementiani rTuli 

formebi, aris ki martivi: 

malalos Svilebic Tavis Kaidaze gaezarda, mTeli dGe loginSi 

go gorav go 

rav ravdnen rav dnen (o. yil.). 

ade, vix vixtu vix 

tu tunoT 

noT, noT viTamaSoT (vaja). 

udardelad cu curav cu curav 

ravdnen 

dnen da yKumpalaobdnen alazanSi daqsaqsuli 

saqarTvelos momavali mefeni da mTavarni (l. goTua). 

ar Segvxvedria Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT mosalodneli 

martivi formis nacvlad -av av elementiani forma; amis mizezi, 

vfiqrobT, pirvel rigSi is aris, rom -av av elementiani formebi 

gviandelia, rogorc miuTiTeben, Cveulebriv Tavs iCens XIX sau- 

353

354 


kunidan (j. feiqriSvili, 1977, gv. 51). igulisxmeba, rom manamde 

martiv formebs ekisreboda im Sinaarsis gadmocemac, rasac dGes 

-av av elementiani formebi gamoxatavs. es faqtic sakmaod xSirad 

iCens Tavs. 

nasaxelar zmnebSi erTi da imave fuZisagan nawarmoebi martivi 

da rTuli (-av av elementiani) formebi ar Segvxvedria. saxelTa 

erTi nawili zmnur formebs -av av elementiT iwarmoebs 

(iTevzavebs, ibruTavebs...), xolo, meore nawili _ martivad; -av av 

elementis gareSe (me me mefobs 

fobs, fobs , bav bavSvobs bav bavSvobs 

Svobs, Svobs , ka kacobs ka kacobs 

cobs... 

...). ... miuxedvad amisa, 

mainc SeimCneva aSkara Sinaarsobrivi sxvaoba ìTevzava~ da 

ìmefa~ tipis formebs Soris. sxvaobas qmnis mimarTeba zmnis subieqtsa 

da fuZiT gadmocemul mniSvnelobas Soris (amis Taobaze 

wina paragrafSi visaubreT). 

rogorc vxedavT, martiv da rTul (-av av elementian) forma- 

Ta Sinaarsobriv dapirispirebas sxvadasxva safuZveli aqvs Zireul 

da nasaxelar zmnebSi. es faqti TavisTavad svams sakiTxs imis 

Sesaxeb, rom -av av elementis morfologiuri funqcia ar aris martiv 

da rTul formaTa Soris arsebuli Sinaarsobrivi dapirispirebis 

gamoxatva. 

rogorc Cans, enaSi ukve arsebulma formebma (martivma da 

rTulma) gadainawiles aseve enaSi ukve arsebuli gansxvavebuli 

Sinaarsi. formaTa Soris amgvari Sinaarsobrivi sxvaoba gviandeli 

Cans da esec aris mizezi imisa, rom Sinaarsobrivi dapirispireba 

sistemebr ar aris gatarebuli. 

gvinda KuradGeba mivaqcioT ramdenime konkretul SemTxvevas. 

igun igunda igun igunda 

dava 

va, va , ici iciga ici iciga 

gava 

va, va, 

, iko ikoya iko ikoya 

yava ya va formebSi v fonetikur Canar- 

Tad, xmovanTgasaKarad aris miCneuli. winamvali a ki _ Sesabamisi 

saxelis fuZiseul xmovnad (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 420; ix. agreTve 

l. nozaZe, 1974, gv. 26). aGniSnul nasaxelar zmnaTa amgvari 

analizis safuZveli is aris, rom saTanado saxeli xmovanfuZiania. 

zemoT imis Taobazec visaubreT, rom `xmovanze fuZedaboloebul 

saxelTagan zmnaTa warmoeba orgvaria: SeiZleba, rom bolokiduri 

xmovani Seikvecos da SeiZleba saxelis fuZe Senaxul 

iqnes mTlianad~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 418). ici iciga ici iciga 

gava 

va, va , igun igunda igun 

da dava 

va, va ,


iko ikoya iko ikoya 

yava ya va formebSi ivaraudeba, rom saxelis fuZe (ci ci ciga 

ga, ga , gun gunda gun 

da da, da , 

ko koya ko koya 

ya) ya ucvleladaa warmodgenili. 

vfiqrobT, aGniSnul zmnur formebSi SesaZlebelia imave -av av 

elementis gmoKofa, rac ìTevzava~ tipis zmnebSi dastrudeba. 

sakiTxis gadawKvetisaTvis sayiroa gaviTvaliswinoT, Tu 

rogor icvleba saxeluri fuZeebi maTgan zmnuri formebis warmoebis 

dros. 

Tu im fonetikur procesebs gaviTvaliswinebT, rac erTzemetmarcvlian 

xmovanfuZian kvecad saxelebSi xdeba _ ci ciga ci ciga 

ga, ga , gun- 

da da, da 

, ko koya ko koya 

ya, ya , ka kafia ka 

fia fia, fia , ena ena, ena 

, , ci cigu ci cigu 

gura gu ra da sxva saxeluri fuZeebidan warmoebul 

zmnur formebSi bolokiduri xmovnis dakargvaa mosalodneli, 

es ki i-cig cig cig-av cig av av-a, av , i-gund gund gund-av gund av av-a, av , i-koy koy koy-av koy av av-a, av , ka kafi ka kafi 

fi-a(v)-obs 

fi obs obs, obs 

ci cigur ci cigur 

gur-a(v)-obs 

gur obs obs, obs , ena ena-(v)-obs 

ena 

obs formebSi -av av elementis gamoKofis 

saSualebas gvaZlevs. am formebSi -av av av elementis gamoKofas mxars 

uyers maTi Sinaarsobrivi mxaris gaTvaliswinebac: mimarTeba subieqtsa 

da fuZiT gadmocemul mniSvnelobas Soris iseTia, rogorc 

ìTevzava~ tipis zmnaTa SemTxvevaSi: subieqti moqedebas asrulebs 

fuZeSi warmodgenili saxeliT aGniSnuli sagniT an saganze: 

ci ciga ci ciga 

gaobs ga obs _ cigiT srialebs, 

gun gunda gun gunda 

daobs da obs _ Tovlis gundebis sroliT vinmesTan TamaSobs, 

ko koya ko koya 

yaobs 

obs _ koys TamaSobs (koyi º koya), 

ena enaobs ena 

obs _ ena, ambavi miaqvs-moaqvs, 

ci ciga ci ciga 

garaobs ga obs _ cigurebiT srialebs. 

amgvarad, momxdari fonetikuri procesisa da Sinaarsobrivi 

mxaris gaTvaliswineba am formebSi imave -av av elements gamogvaKofinebs, 

rac ìTevzava~ tipis zmnebSi dasturdeba. 

355

Tavi Tavi VV. 

V . II seriis formaTa warmoebis 

sakiTxebi 

$ $ 23. . wKve wKveti wKve wKveti 

tilis ti lis warmo warmoebis warmo 

is sakiTxebi sakiTxebi 

sakiTxebi 

22223333....1111. . . . wKveti wKve wKve wKveti 

tilis tilis 

lis lis warmoeeeebis warmo warmo warmo bis bis bis tipis ti ti tipis 

pis pis gansazGvri 

gan gan gansazGvrisa 

sazGvri sazGvrisa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis 

wKvetlis warmoebaSi ZiriTadad or Jgufs gamoKofen: a) 

uniSnos, romelic rig SemTxvevaSi miiGebs narTaul i-s da b) -e 

sufiqsians. 

wKvetilis warmoebis sakiTxis garkvevisas Cveulebriv ganixilaven 

ama Tu im morfologiur tips da msJeloben, Tu romeli 

tipis zmna rogor awarmoebs am mwkrivis formebs. amgvari analizi 

arsebul viTarebas mxolod arTulebs da yirs zogadi kanonzomierebis 

dadgena. 

wKvetilis warmoebis sakiTxis ganxilva zmnis gvaris formaTa 

mixedviT erTnair suraTs iZleva: -i elementi gvxvdeba rogorc 

moqmedebiTi, aseve vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa wKvetilis formebSi: 

moqm.: davwv-i, davfqv-i, SemovartK-i, movkal-i... 

vneb.: gavTb-i, avSend-i, davberd-i, gaviqec-i... 

igive iTqmis -e sufiqsis mimarTac: 

moqm.: avaSen-e, gavzard-e, davxat-e, gavakeTebin-e... 

vneb.: davemal-e, gavizard-e, davibad-e... 

arc pirveli seriis formaTa warmoebis gaTvaliswineba 

amartivebs saqmes, radganac erTi da igive TemisniSniani zmnebi 

wKvetils iwarmoebs rogorc -e sufiqsiT, aseve -i elementiT: 

e. w. -i Te Temis Te Temis 

misniS 

niSni 

niani ni ni ni zmnebi: vSl-i i _ vSal-e, vTl-i _ 

vTal-e, vmk-i i _ vmk-e... magram vyr-i i _ vyer-i, vcr-i i _ vcer-i, 

vqmn-i i _ vqmen-i... 

-eb eb Te Temis Te Temis 

misniS 

niSni 

niane ni ne nebi 

bi: bi vakeT-eb eb _ vakeT-e, vaSen-eb eb _ vaSen-e, 

vaq-eb eb _ vaq-e... magram vuSv-eb eb _ gavuSv-i, vuZl-eb eb _ gavuZel-i, 

vTb-eb eb eb-i eb i _ gavTb-i...

Tavi V. II seriis formaTa warmoebis sakiTxebi 

-ob ob Te Temis Te Temis 

misniS 

niSni 


bi: bi vgm-ob ob ob, ob davgm-e, vTm-ob ob _ davTm-e, vamaK- 

ob _ viamaK-e... magram vgrZn-ob ob _ vigrZen-i, vecn-ob ob ob-i ob _ gavecan-i... 

-av av Te Temis Te Temis 

misniS 

niSni 


bi: bi vxat-av av _ davxat-e, vker-av av _ Sevker-e, 

vTes-av av _ davTes-e... magram vkl-av av _ movkal-i, vZr-av av _ davZar-i, 

vxr-av av _ gamovxar-i... 

samecniero literaturaSi vxvdebiT wKvetilis warmoebis 

zogadi kanonzomierebis dadgenis cdasac: ìm zmnebs, romelTac 

wKvetilSi daboloeba ara aqvT, awmKoSi KovelTvis aqvT Tematuri 

sufiqsi: v-sum-am _ v-su, v-kl-av _ mo-v-kal... Tu zmna awmKoSi 

uTemisniSnoa, mas wKvetilSi aucileblad eqneba -e sufiqsi~ (l. 

kiknaZe, 1947, gv. 320). marTalia, uniSno wKvetils TemisniSniani 

awmKo Seefardeba, magram Temis niSnis mqoneoba ar aris wKvetilis 

uniSnobisaTvis ganmsazGvreli piroba: rogorc vnaxeT, 

awmKoSi TemisniSnian zmnebs wKvetili -e sufiqsiTac ewarmoebaT; 

es ki meore wesis sawinaaGmdego mtkicebaa: -e sufiqsiani wKvetili 

mxolod uTemisniSno zmnebs ar Seefardeba. 

rogorc Cans, zmnuri kategoriebisa da morfologiuri tipebis 

gaTvaliswineba ver agvixsnis wKvetilis warmoebis sakiTxs. 

sxvagvarad, zmnuri kategoriebi da morfologiuri Jgufebi ar 

gansazGvravs wKvetilis warmoebis tips. 

sakiTxs aq isic arTulebs, rom wKvetilSi gamovlenil -e 

sufiqss, iseve rogorc -i elements, Cveulebriv, erT da imave 

odenobad miiCneven (amis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT qveviT gveqneba saubari). 

wKvetilis warmoebasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa v. Tofurias 

SeniSvna: `wKvetili ori saxiT ixmareba: uniSnod an narTauli 

-i-T da -e sufiqsiT. uniSnos SeuZlia dairTos ufunqcio 

-i. aseTi zmnebi raodenobiT mcirea. maTi fuZe an umarcvloa, an 

kumSvadi, -e sufiqsiT iwarmoeba fuZekumSvadi zmnebi~ (v. Tofuria, 

1955, gv. 453). movlenis asaxsnelad marTebuli Cans sakiTxisadmi 

aseTi midgoma. masalis analizi adasturebs, rom wKve wKveti wKve ti- ti 

lis lis warmo warmoeba warmo ba baSi ba Si gadamwKve gadamwKveti gadamwKve ti mniS mniSvne mniS 

vne vnelo 

loba ba eni eniye eni 

ye yeba ba saKrde saKrdeni saKrde 

ni mo- 

rfe rfemis rfe mis struq struqtu struq struqtu 

turas 

ras. ras gansxvavebulia viTareba imis mixedviT, 

saKrdeni morfema marcvlovania Tu umarcvlo; marcvlovanTagan 

_ nulTan monacvle xmovnis Semcvelia Tu ara. aqve davZenT: roca 

vsaubrobT saKrdeni morfemiseuli xmovnis nulTan monacvleobaze, 

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs monacvleoba-armonacvleoba wKveti- 

357

358 


lis formebSi. SeiZleba saKrdeni morfemiseuli xmovani saer- 

Tod nulTan monacvleobdes, magram gansaxilveli mwkrivis formebSi 

xmovani SenarCunebuli hqondes; mag.: awmKo _ v-Sl-i, v-Tli... 

wKvetili _ v-Sal-e, v-Tal-e... aseT SemTxvevaSi saKrden morfemas 

nulTan armonacvle xmovnis Semcvels vuwodebT, radgan 

saubari gvaqs wKvetilis warmoebaze. 

warmoebis tipze msJelobisas mxedvelobaSia miGebuli subieqturi 

pirveli da meore piris formebi, radgan mawarmoeblebi 

sruli saxiT aq aris warmodgenili. subieqturi mesame piris 

formebSi piris niSanTa gavleniT momxdar fonetikur procesTa 

Sedegad warmoebis tipis garCeva, ZiriTadad, ar moxerxda. 

22223333....2222. . . . ----i i i i elemen ele ele elemen 

menti menti 

tiaaaani ti ni ni ni wKveti wKve wKve wKveti 

tili tili 

li li 

wKvetilSi zmnaTa erTi Jgufi subieqturi I da II piris 

formebSi -i elements dairTavs. saTanado enobrivi masalis analizi 

adasturebs, rom gansaxilvel mwkriv mwkrivSi mwkriv mwkriv Si -i elementi Kvelgan 

erT da imave odenobad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos. 

-i elementiani wKvetilis warmoebaSi ori SemTxveva unda 

gairCes: erTi, roca I da II piris formebSi -i elementi Tavisuflad 

monacvleobs nulTan da meore, roca am formebSi -i elementi 

ar monacvleobs nulTan. 

Tu Tu saKrde saKrdeni saKrde ni mo morfe mo fe fema fe ma mar marcvlo mar 

cvlo cvlova 

vania va nia da dro dro-ki dro 

ki kilo kilo 

loTa lo Ta me meo- me 

re re se seri se seri 

riis ri is ga garkve ga 

rkve rkveul rkve ul for formeb for formeb 

mebSi meb Si (e. i. saTanado fonetikur garemocvaSi) 

xmo xmovans xmo 

vans kar kargavs kar kargavs 

gavs, 

, wKve wKveti wKve 

ti tili ti li -i i ele elemen ele 

men mentiT men tiT iwar iwarmo iwar 

mo moeba mo ba an 

an 

uniS uniSno uniS uniSno 

nodaa no daa warmo warmodge warmo 

dge dgeni dgeni 

nili 

li (uniSno tipi warmoebisa amjamad SedarebiT 

iSviaTia). aGniSnuli kanonzomierebisaTvis ara aqvs mniSvneloba, 

saKrdeni morfema Zireulia Tu sufiqsuri: 

a) saKrdeni morfema Zireulia: 

mov-kal kal kal-i kal º mov-kal kal 

mo-kal kal kal-i kal º mo-kal kal kal 

mo-kl kl kl-a kl 

mov-kal kal kal-i-T kal 

mo-kal kal kal-i-T kal 

mo-kl kl kl-es kl 

am tipis zmnebia: a) a xmovniani Zireuli morfemiT: Sev-kar kar kar-i kar 

(Se-kr-a), mov-xan xan xan-i xan (mo-xn-a), dav-wan wan wan-i wan (da-wn-a), dav-Zar Zar Zar-i Zar (da-Zr-a)


da sxva; b) e xmovniani Zireuli morfemiT: gavi-nZer nZer nZer-i nZer (gai-nZr-a), 

gav-yer yer yer-i yer (ga-yr-a), gav-cer cer cer-i cer (ga-cr-a), gavi-qec qec qec-i qec (gai-qc-a) da 

sxva. 

warmoebis tipi ar icvleba, roca saKrdeni morfema iseTi 

sufiqsia, romlis xmovanic garkveul fonetikur garemocvaSi monacvleobs 

nulTan. axal qarTulSi dro-kiloTa meore seriis 

formebTan amgvari sufiqsuri saKrdeni morfema ara gvaqvs, magram 

Zvel qarTulSi gvqonda; mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs pirdapiri obieqtis 

mravlobiTis -en en (romelic Sesabamisi vnebiTis formebSic 

gadahKveboda zmnas) da vnebiTi gvaris -en en mawarmoeblebi. Zveli 

qarTulis monacemTa moSveliebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs. ker- 

Zod, dgindeba, rom kanonzomiereba sakmaod Zveli da gavrcelebuli 

Cans. garda amisa, naSTis saxiT axal qarTulSi SemogvrCa 

pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis aGmniSvneli -en en sufiqsiani 

formebi; maT gamoKenebas umetes SemTxvevaSi, marTalia, stiluri 

daniSnuleba SeiZleba hqondes, magram sakiTxis ganxilvisaTvis 

mniSvnelovania: 

weros wvivni dav davle dav davle 

lewen le wen (a. yavy.) 

siskar da marex me TviT Ca Cavaq Ca Cavaq 

vaqren vaq ren Cauqrobelma da kvlav aG- 

van vanTen van vanTen 

Ten, Ten , viT mzeman _ mTvare (g. Jab.). 

-en en sufiqsi, ZiriTadad, vnebiTis formebma Semogvinaxa: 

davkocneT erTmaneTi da ga gaviKare ga gaviKare 

viKareniT 

niT (ilia). 

da daizar da 

zar zarde 

deniT 

niT, niT qalebo (vaja). 

aGmarTTan urmebs da dave da 

ve vewi 

wieniT wi niT da nabiJiT gavKeviT ukan (ek. 

gab.). 

sastikad viZ viZli viZ viZli 

lieniT li niT da guli gatKda gmirulad mebrZolis 

(v. barn.). 

guSin sadilidan pirdapir iq ga gaipa ga pa pare 

reniT 

niT? niT (n. Siuk.). 

Se Sevem Se 

vem vemtki 

tkice 

ceniT 

niT, niT maTni varT da Cvenni arian (o. Cx.). 

Sen Tu musika ar gawuxebs, Cven da davi da 

vi vixo 

xoce 

ceniT ce niT (m. berZ.). 

rogorc cnobilia, pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobisa da 

vnebiTi gvaris aGniSnuli mawarmoeblebi wKvetilis pirveli da meore 

piris formebSi sruli saxiT iKo warmodgenili, mesame pirSi 

xmovani reducirdeboda. zemoganxiluli SemTxvevebis msgavsad, wKvetili 

aqac an uniSnoa, an dairTavs -i elements (ZiriTadad mravlobiTis 

formebSi). mniSvneloba ara aqvs Zireuli morfemis tips: 

359

360 

bic: 


a) Zireuli morfemiseuli xmovani monacvleobs nulTan: 

mov-kl-en 

moh-kl-en 

mo-kl-n-a 

mov-kl-en-i-T 

moh-kl-en-i-T 

mo-kl-n-es 

b) Zireuli morfemiseuli xmovani ar monacvleobs nulTan: 

dav-xat-en 

dah-xat-en 

da-xat-n-a 

dav-xat-en-i-T 

dah-xat-en-i-T 

da-xat-n-es 

aseve iwarmoebs wKvetilis formebs -en en sufiqsiani vnebiTe- 

ganv-kac-en 

ganh-kac-en 

gan-kac-n-a 

ganv-kac-en-i-T 

ganh-kac-en-i-T 

gan-kac-n-es 

amgvarad, Tu saKrdeni morfema aris marcvlovani da namKo 

ZiriTadis subieqturi mesame piris formebSi kargavs xmovans, 

zmnuri forma dairTavs -i elements, romelic Tavisuflad monacvleobs 

nulTan. ganxilul tips warmoebisas vuwodebT wKve wKve- 

wKve 

ti tilis ti lis warmo warmoebis warmo 

bis I Kalibs (nulTan monacvle xmovnis Semcveli 

saKrdeni morfema + i º 0). 

Se SeniS Se 


vna: vna SeiZleboda Kalibebis saxeldeba mogvexdina am 

KalibiT warmoebuli romelime zmnis mixedviT 

mag.: `movkali~ tipis zmnebi da a. S. magram ramdenadac 

erTi da imave KalibiT iwarmoebs wKvetilis 

formebs sxvadasxva morfologiuri Jgufis 

zmnebi, aman SeiZleba gaugebroba gamoiwvios. arn. 

Ciqobava mwkrivTa saxeldebis principebze msJelobisas 

aGniSnavs: gaugebrobas agvacilebda, mwkrivis 

saxeli struqturuli TvalsazrisiT mogveca 

(ubralo numeraciis wesiTac ki!) (arn. Ciqobava, 

1962, gv. 102). roca Kalibebis saxeldebas ar vaxdenT 

am KalibSi Semavali romelime zmnis mixed-


361 

viT, amgvari gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebas vcdilobT. 

gamoiKofa zmnaTa erTi Jgufi, romelic wKvetils -i elementiT 

iwarmoebs, magram sxvaoba zemoT ganxiluli I Kalibis 

zmnebTan is aris, rom es -i elementi Tvisobrivad gansxvavebulia, 

igi ar monacvleobs nulTan: Tu gvaqvs mo movkal mo vkal º mo movkal mo movkal 

vkal-i vkal 

tipis formebi, ar gvxvdeba gavTb gavTb-i gavTb gavTb i º gavTb gavTb gavTb paraleluri formebi. 

am faqts arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs gansaxilveli tipis zmna- 

Ta formobrivi analizisas. 

zmnaTa im Jgufs, romelTa wKvetilSi gamovlenili -i elementi 

ar monacvleobs nulTan, vuwodebT wKve wKveti wKve wKveti 

tilis ti lis warmo warmoebis warmo 

bis 

II II Kalibs Kalibs. Kalibs 

meore Kalibis zmnebSi ZiriTadad sami morfologiuri 

Jgufi gamoiKofa: a) -am am TemisniSnianebi, b) doniani vnebiTebi da 

g) ùniSno vnebiTTa~ erTi nawili (am zmnaTa morfologiuri 

Taviseburebebi rom arafer SuaSia wKvetilis warmoebasTan dakavSirebiT, 

isic adasturebs, rom uniSno vnebiTTa erTi nawili 

_ gavZexi, davTveri, gavqeri... _ I KalibSi Tavsdeba, nawili ki II 

KalibSi Semodis). 

ganvixilavT cal-calke meore Kalibis zmnaTa Jgufebs: 

-am am TemisniSniani Kvela zmna wKvetils -i elementiT iwarmoebs 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 427). amgvar zmnaTa raodenoba arcTu 

didia. -am am TemisniSnian zmnaTa wKvetilSi saKrdeni morfema Zireulia 

da, rac mTavaria, umarcvlo: 

dava-b-i (vab-am) 

dav-dg-i (vdg-am) 

gava-rTx-i (varTx-am) 

gav-Tqv-i (gavTqv-am) 

Sev-sv-i (Sevsv-am) 

dava-sx-i (va-sx-am) 

Semovi-rtK-i (SemovirtK-am) 

dava-rqv-i (davarqv-am º 

davarqm-ev) 

Cavi-cv-i (Cavicv-am) 

warmodgenil zmnaTa Zireul morfemebs istoriulad sxvagvari 

saxe hqonda. ori maTgani Zvel qarTulSi a xmovans Seicavda, 

romelic III subieqturi piris formebSi monacvleobda nul- 

Tan: 

ganvi-raTx raTx _ gani-rTx rTx rTx-a, rTx Sevi-ratK ratK _ Sei-rtK rtK rtK-a. 

rtK

362 


ramdenime Zireul morfemaSi dadasturebuli bolokiduri 

v v Tanxmovani istoriulad u xmovania, romelic mesame piris 

formebSi umarcvlo u-s saxiT warmogvidgeba: v-Tqu Tqu _ Tq… Tq…-a, Tq… 

Sev-su su _ Se-s… s… s…-a, s… var-rqu rqu _ rq… rq…-a, rq… STava-cu cu _ STaac… c… c…-a, c… miva- 

rTu rTu _ mia-rT… rT… rT…-a, rT… dg dg-am dg zmnisaTvis deg deg Ziria amosavali. 

irkveva, rom Zveli qarTulis Cveneba am zmnebs I Kalibis 

zmnaTa rigSi aKenebs (kumSvadi saKrdeni morfema + i º 0). amas 

ver vitKviT b-am, sx sx-am sx 

zmnebis Zireul morfemaTa Sesaxeb. Tu im 

Tvalsazriss davemKarebiT, rom ùmarcvlo zmnuri fuZeebi istoriulad 

miGebulia xmovnis reduqciis Sedegad. umarcvlo 

fuZeebi qarTulisaTvis araa tipiuri, damaxasiaTebeli arc sinqroniul 

da (miT umetes) diaqroniul planSi~ (f. erTeliSvili, 

1970, gv. 285), sakiTxi TiTqos iolad wKdeba, magram b - a m , 

s x a - m Zireul morfemebSi amosavali marcvlovani variantis 

mtkicebisaTvis araviTari safuZveli ar gagvaCnia, garda am mosazrebisa. 

konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvis ki, vfiqrobT, es sakmarisi 

ar aris. miT umetes, rom arsebobs Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac 

istoriulad qarTvelur enebSi `Ziri Sedgeba erTi 

Tanxmovnisagan... saxelisa da zmnis fuZe mkveTrad araa diferencirebuli~ 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1948 (2), gv. 274). 

ùniSno vnebiTTa~ erTi, mcire, nawili pirvel KalibSi 

Tavsdeba (gavZexi, davTveri, gavqeri...); am tipis zmnaTa meore nawilis 

Zireuli morfema wKvetilis Kvela formaSi umarcvloa da 

II Kalibis paradigmas gvaZlevs: 

Sev-krT-i 

Se-krT-i 

Se-krT-a 

Sev-krT-i-T 

Se-krT-i-T 

Se-krT-nen 

aseve iuGvlis zmnebi: gav gav-Tb gav Tb Tb-i, Tb , , gav gav-xm gav 

xm xm-i, xm , , dav dav-dn dav 

dn dn-i... dn ... ... am zmna- 

Tagan zogi Zvel qarTulSi wKvetilis pirvelsa da meore pirSi 

Zireul morfemaSi xmovans warmoadgenda: 

ganv-tef 

gan-tef 

gan-tf-a 

ganv-tef-i-T 

gan-tef-i-T 

gan-tf-es


amgvari zmnebia: ganv ganv-ƒem ganv ƒem (`gavxmi~), ganv ganv-kerT ganv kerT (`gavkrTi~), 

Sevs Sevs-ceT Sevs ceT (`Sevcdi~), mov mov-ku mov ku kued ku ed (`movkvdi~) da sxva. magram uniSno 

vnebiTTa erTi nawilis Zireuli morfema Zvel qarTulSic umarcvloa: 

gav-Sr-i, dav-dn-i... v. Tofurias azriT, `Tbeba~ tipis Kvela 

zmnaSi istoriulad xmovani ivaraudeba, rasac mxars uyers 

monaTesave enaTa Cveneba (v. Tofuria, 1930, gv. 300). 

amgvarad, ivaraudeba, rom ùniSno vnebiTebic~ wKvetilis 

formebs istoriulad pirveli Kalibis mixedviT iwarmoebdnen. 

saKrdeni morfema umarcvlo aqvs da wKvetilSi -i elements 

dairTavs doniani vnebiTi. faqtobriv, Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi 

ar dasturdeba doniani vnebiTis pirveli da meore piris formebi 

(mxolobiTsa da mravlobiTSi), rom am elements ar dairTavdes. 

gamoTqmuli mosazrebis mixedviT, -d sufiqsi vnebiTis -n n 

(← -en en en) en sufiqsis fonetikuri variantia (a. SaniZe, 1957, gv. 43; h. 

fogti, 1981, gv. 305; g. klimovi, 1964, gv. 67), rac TavisTavad 

svams sakiTxs misi (-d sufiqsis) -ed ed formantidan momdinareobis 

Sesaxeb. magram mkvlevarTa erTi Jgufi ar iziarebs am varauds, -d 

da -n n (← -en) formantebs geneturad gansxvavebul odenobebad 

miiCnevs (v. Tofuria, 1955; f. erTeliSvili, 1970; g. mayavariani, 

1959). CvenTvis sarwmuno da damaJerebelia meore mosazreba. amgvarad, 

sakiTxis ganxilvisas vemKarebiT debulebas, rom -d sufiqsi 

vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi damoukidebeli odenobaa da araa 

genetur kavSirSi -n n (← -en en en) en formantTan. magram es ar gamoricxavs 

sakiTxs -d sufiqsis -ed ed ed formantidan momdinareobis Sesaxeb. 

mkvlevarTa is Jgufi, romelic -d da -n n (← -en en en) en sufiqsebs 

Soris genetur kavSirs uarKofs, -d sufiqsis Tavdapirvel saxed 

aseve -ed ed ed-s ed varaudobs. mosazrebidan gamomdinareobs, rom doniani 

vnebiTis formebic istoriulad pirveli Kalibis mixedviT 

iwarmoebda wKvetilis formebs. 

meore Kalibis zmnaTa morfologiuri Jgufebis ganxilvam 

gviCvena, rom am Kalibis zmnaTa ZiriTad nawilSi istoriulad 

marcvlovani kumSvadi saKrdeni morfema igulisxmeba; magram istoriuli 

viTareba amjamindel mdgomareobas ar unda gansazGvravdes. 

-i elementis gamovlena gansaxilveli tipis zmnaTa 

wKvetilis formebSi araa odindeli marcvlovnobis Sedegi. wKvetilis 

warmoebaSi arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniyeba mxolod da mxo- 

363

364 


lod saKrdeni morfemis amjamindel struqturas (es ufro cxadad 

warmoCndeba, roca SevexebiT paralelur warmoebas wKvetilisas). 

aqedan gamomdinare, marTebuli Cans dakvirveba (v. Tofuria, 

1955, gv. 453), rom -i i ele elements ele 

ments da dair da 

ir irTavs ir Tavs umar umarcvlo umar umarcvlo 

cvlo sa saK- sa 

rde rdeni rde ni mo morfe mo 

rfe rfema 

ma. ma 

ra gvaZlevs safuZvels meore Kalibis gamoKofisas; xom ar 

SeiZleba -i elementiani Kvela zmnis erT KalibSi moqceva da wesis 

amgvarad CamoKalibeba: -i elements dairTavs namKo ZiriTad- 

Si kumSvadi da umarcvlo saKrdeni morfema? 

ra Tqma unda, ara. aq ueyveladaa gasaTvaliswinebeli -i 

elementis Tvisoba da qmedebis unari. -i elementi, rogorc miu- 

TiTeben, ùfunqcioa~, gaCenilia TanxmovangasaKarad I da II subieqturi 

piris mravlobiTis formebSi, Semdeg gadavida mxolobiTSi 

(msJeloba I Kalibis zmnebTan gamovlenil -i elements Seexeba, 

II Kalibis zmnebTan dadasturebuli -i elementis Sesaxeb 

avtoris mosazrebebs qveviT ganvixilavT) (arn. Ciqobava, 1926). 

mkvlevarTa umravlesoba amgvarad xsnis -i elementis arsebobas I 

da II Kalibis zmnebTan, Tumca imasac SeniSnaven, rom SesamCnevia 

sxvaoba am elementis gamoKenebis TvalsazrisiT marcvlovan da 

umarcvlo fuZeebTan: `narTauli i... TanxmovanT gasaKarad aris 

gaCenili mravlobiTSi da iqidan mxolobiTSia gadasuli. es i 

dGes mxolobiTisaTvis aucilebelia umarcvlo fuZeebSi, sxvebSi 

ki aucilebeli araa, Tumca ki misi darTva Cveulebrivia~ (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 427). 

sadavoa namKo ZiriTadSi gamovlenili -i elementis Kvela 

SemTxvevaSi erT da imave odenobad miCneva. 

Jer Jer erT erTi, erT , Tu -i i elementi pirveli da meore Kalibis zmneb- 

Tan erTi da igive odenobaa, ratom aris, rom I Kalibis zmnaTa 

paraleluri formebi arsebobs -i elementiTa da mis gareSe: 

mov mov-kal mov kal kal º mov mov-kal mov kal kal-i..., kal xolo meore Kalibis zmnebSi ar gvxvdeba 

amgvari SemTxvevebi; gvaqvs dav dav-dg dav dav dg dg-i, dg , gav gav-Tb gav 

Tb Tb-i, Tb , av avSen av 

Sen Sen-d-i, Sen magram 

ara gvaqvs dav dav-dg dav dg dg, dg , gav gav-Tb gav 

Tb Tb, Tb , av avSen av 

Sen Sen-d Sen da sxva. 

me meorec me 

rec rec, rec Tu pirveli Kalibis zmnebSi -i i elementi saKrdeni 

morfemis xmovanze gavlenis unars moklebulia, ver kargavs mas 

(mov-kal-i da ara mov-kl-i), amas ver vitKviT II Kalibis zmnebTan 

gamovlenil -i elementze. Kvela mosalodnel SemTxvevaSi aq saK- 

rdeni morfema SekumSulia (gav-Tb-i ← ganv-tef-i, gav-xm-i ←


ganv-ƒem-i...). xmovnis reduqciis gamomwvevi sxva faqtori, garda -i 

elementis gavlenisa, am SemTxvevaSi, vfiqrobT, gamoricxulia. 

amdenad, II Kalibis zmnebTan gamovlenili -i elementi arsebiTi 

xasiaTis sxvaobas avlens I Kalibis zmnebTan dadasturebul 

-i elementTan: ar monacvleobs nulTan da kargavs saKrden morfemiseul 

xmovans. 

konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvis _ dav dav-dg dav dg dg-i dg (me, is) _ I da II 

pirSi Zireuli saKrdeni morfemis SekumSuli saxeoba III piris 

formidan _ da da-dg da 

dg dg-a dg (man is) _ gadasulad ivaraudeba, raTa gansxvavebuliKo 

erTpiriani dav dav-deg dav deg (→ davdeq) formisagan (g. mayavariani, 

1959, gv. 101). aseve mesame piris analogias miewereba 

ùniSno vnebiTTa~ I da II formebSi uxmovno fuZis mqoneoba (gavxm-i, 

mov-kvd-i, wav-xd-i da sxv.) (iqve, gv. 102). es Tvalsazrisi 

saKrdeni morfemiseul xmovanze -i elementis gavlenis faqtors 

gamoricxavs. vfiqrobT, mosazreba sadavoa. pirvel SemTxvevaSi 

(dav-dg-i me is) omonimur formaTa Tavidan asacileblad enas ar 

gamouKenebia raime madiferencirebeli saSualeba mesame piris 

formisaTvis _ da dadga da dadga 

dga man is da da dadga da 

dga is _ da, amdenad, eyvqveS 

dgeba I da II piris formebSi momxdari cvlilebis amgvarad axsna. 

marTalia, isic SeiZleba iTqvas, rom enaSi mimdinare raime procesi 

SesaZloa ar gavrceldes sistemaSi Semaval Kvela formaze, 

magram am SemTxvevaSi axsna unda daeZebnos imas, rac iwvevs erT 

SemTxvevaSi cvlilebas, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi ucvlelad tovebs 

formas. Tu SemoTavazebul Tvalsazriss virwmunebT, pasuxi unda 

gaeces kiTxvas: I Kalibis zmnaTa III piris formebSi Zireuli 

saKrdeni morfema SekumSulia; ratom ar gavrcelda morfemis 

SekumSuli saxeoba I da II piris formebSi (mo-kl kl kl-a, kl magram mov- 

kal kal-i, kal 

mo-kal kal kal-i kal da ara mov-kl kl kl-i, kl mo-kl kl kl-i...). kl Cans, dav-dg dg dg-i, dg gav- 

Tb Tb-i... Tb II Kalibis sxva zmnebTan erTad erT sistemas qmnis da Zireuli 

morfemiseuli xmovnis dakargva -i elementis qmedebis 

unaris gamovlenaa. 

Kovelive es ki svams sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, rom -i elementi 

sxvadasxva odenobad unda iqnes miCneuli I da II Kalibis zmneb- 

Tan. 

wKvetilSi dadasturebuli -i elementis Sesaxeb arn. Ciqobava 

wers: àoristis es -i sxvadasxva zmnasTan sxvadasxvagvari 

warmoSobisa SeiZleba iKos; unda ganvasxvavoT: a) -i, romelic 

365

366 


namKo xolmeobiTs awarmoebs (gavakeTi, gaakeTi, gaakeTis man); 

b) -i, romelic TanxmovanTa kompleqsSi iqna gamoKenebuli TanxmovanTa 

gasaKarad (moved _ moved-i-T; movkued _ movkued-i-T); 

g) namKo xolmeobiTis -i erTgvari saanalogo baza unda KofiliKo, 

magram fonetikuri xelisSemwKobi garemoc mniSvnelovan 

rols TamaSobda: Zv. qarTulSi amgvar SemTxvevaSi -i ukve damkvidrebulia, 

sxvagan ki, sadac axla vxedavT -i-s, igi Jer arsad 

Cans, anda sporaduladGa gvxvdeba. mxolod analogias miewereba 

-i iseT zmnebSi, rogoricaaa vTqvi (Zv. qarT. vTqu, vTq‚). am tipis 

aorists istoriulad araviTari mawarmoebeli ar unda hqonoda~ 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1936, gv. 133; ix. agreTve arn. Ciqobava, 

1950, gv. 062). amdenad, avtoris azriT, wKvetilis -i elementi 

erT SemTxvevaSi fonetikur CanarTad gaiazreba, sxva SemTxvevaSi 

misi gamovlena xolmeobiTis -i sufiqsis analogias miewereba. 

wKvetilis -i elementis xolmeobiTis -i sufiqsTan kavSirze 

miuTiTebs agreTve b. JorbenaZe: `gavTb-i, davberd-i warmoSobiT 

II xolmeobiTis formebia, magram axla wKvetilis (namKo ZiriTadis) 

funqciiT gamoiKenebian. es saerTod damaxasiaTebeli Cans 

sufiqsiani da mesame tipis (uniSno) vnebiTebisaTvis: 

namKo ZiriTadi: gan-v-tef (axla: gav-Tb-i), Se-v-ceb (axla: 

Se-v-cb-i), da-s-cxer (axla: da-cxr-i) da a. S. 

meore xolmeobiTi: gan-v-tf-i (III p. gan-tf-i-s), Se-v-cb-i (III 

p. Se-cb-i-s), da-s-cxr-i (III p. da-cxr-i-s) da a. S. 

rogorc vxedavT, axla wKvetilad gagebuli es formebi 

warmoSobiT meore xolmeobiTebia. aseTi formebis gavrceleba 

savaraudoa im xnidan, roca qarTulSi rGveva daiwKo II xolmeobiTis 

formam, rac axal qarTulSi (garda zogierTi dialeqtisa) 

misi dakargviT dasrulda~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1975, gv. 103). 

marTalia, aq saubaria donian vnebiTebsa da `Tbeba~ tipis 

zmnebis wKvetilSi dadasturebuli -i elementis raobaze, magram 

Tvisobisa da qmedebis unaris gaTvaliswineba meore Kalibis 

zmnebTan gamovlenil -i elements Kvela SemTxvevaSi erT odenobad 

migvaCnevinebs da gangvasxvavebinebs mas pirveli Kalibis 

zmnebTan gamovlenili -i elementisagan. 

SeniSvna imis Sesaxeb, rom -i elementi wKvetilSi aucilebelia 

I da II piris formebTan umarcvlo fuZeebSi (rac imas gulisxmobs, 

rom -i elementi amgvar formebSi ar monacvleobs


nulTan (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 427), ramdenadme dasazustebelia: -i 

elementi, romelic ar monacvleobs nulTan, gvxvdeba ara mxolod 

umarcvlo fuZeebTan, aramed saerTod umarcvlo saKrden 

morfemasTan da, meorec, saKrdeni morfemis gaumarcvlovnebis mizezi 

umetes SemTxvevaSi TviT -i elementia. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna sakiTxi amgvaradve SeiZleba dasmuliKo doniani 

vnebiTebis mimarTac: d-s gaumarcvlovnebis mizezi 

wKvetilis formebSi -i elementia. sagulisxmoa 

is faqti, rom -d sufiqsi sitKvis absolutur 

boloSi am saxiT ar gvxvdeba _ I seriis formeb- 

Si Temis niSani mosdevs, II seriis formebSi wKvetilis 

daboloeba. rogorc aGvniSneT, Zvelsave 

qarTulSi da davber da 

vber vberdi vber di tipis formebSi -i Kovel- 

Tvisaa warmodgenili. xolmeobiTis kategoriis 

arsebobis periodSi da davber da 

vber vberdi vber di tipis formaTa regularulma 

damowmebam SeiZleba sxvagvarad dasvas 

mwkrivTa -i elementis genezisis sakiTxi, saeyvo 

gaxados misi xolmeobiTis -i sufiqsTan kav- 

Siri... CvenTvis arsebiTia is, rom I da II Kalibis 

zmnaTa i elementebi geneturad gansxvavebuli 

odenobebia. 

meore Kalibis zmnebi istoriulad pirveli Kalibisaa. Kalibis 

Secvla, axali Kalibis Seqmna donian vnebiTebSi unda 

dawKebuliKo, Zvelsave qarTulSi es procesi ukve damTavrebulia. 

sxva tipis zmnebTan ki Cven Tvalwin xdeboda; -am am TemisniSnianebSi 

ukve dasrulebuli saxe miiGo, xolo `mesame tipis~ vnebiTis 

zogi zmna dGesac pirvel KalibSi Sedis; gvaqvs paraleluri 

warmoebis SemTxvevebic: da davTve da 

vTve vTveri 

ri º da davTvri da 

vTvri vTvri, vTvri, 

, gav gavqe gav gavqe 

qeri 

ri º ga- 

ga 

vqri vqri, vqri vqri , da davSve da davSve 

vSveri vSve ri º da davSvri da davSvri 

vSvri... vSvri ... 

Kovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, me meore me re Kali Kalibis Kali 

bis zmnebi 

SeiZleba amgvarad davaxasiaToT: umar umarcvlo umar cvlo saKrde saKrdeni saKrde 

ni ni mo morfe mo 

rfe- 

ma ma ma + + -i i ele elemen ele elemen 

menti 

ti, ti , ro rome ro 

me melic me lic ar ar mo monac mo monac 

nacvle 

vleobas vle bas nul nulTan nul 

Tan Tan. 

Tan 

367

368 


23 23....3333. 23 23 . . . ----e e e e sufiq su su sufiqsi 

fiq fiqsi 

siaaaani si ni ni ni wKveti wKve wKve wKveti 

tili tili 

li li 

wKvetilSi zmnaTa erTi Jgufi I da II subieqturi piris 

formebSi -e sufiqss dairTavs. -e sufiqsiani wKvetilis warmoebaSi 

ori SemTxveva unda gairCes: er erTi er 

Ti Ti, Ti roca am formantiT warmoebul 

zmnebs mesame subieqturi piris niSnad -a sufiqsi moudis 

da, meore, roca subieqturi mesame piris niSnad -o sufiqsi 

aqvs. pirveli maTgani meorisagan kidev erTi arsebiTi mniSvnelobis 

sxvaobas avlens, kerZod, gansxvavebulia maTi saKrdeni morfemebic. 

-e sufiqss dairTavs da -a-s miiGebs subieqturi mesame piris 

niSnad iseTi zmnebi, romelTa saKrdeni morfema marcvlovania 

da meore seriis formebSi ar kargavs xmovans. ara aqvs mniSvneloba 

imas, saKrdeni morfema Zireulia Tu sufiqsuri _ Cveneba 

KovelTvis erTgvaria: 

a) saKrdeni morfema Zireulia: 

gav-Sal Sal Sal-e Sal 

ga-Sal Sal Sal-e Sal 

ga-Sal Sal Sal-a Sal 

ava-Sen Sen Sen-e Sen 

aa-Sen Sen Sen-e Sen 

aa-Sen Sen Sen-a Sen 

mov-drik drik drik-e drik 

mo-drik drik drik-e drik 

mo-drik drik drik-a drik 

b) saKrdeni morfema sufiqsuria: 

movakvl-evin evin evin-e evin 

moakvl-evin evin evin-e evin 

moakvl-evin evin evin-a evin 

Sev-Gob Gob Gob-e Gob 

Se-Gob Gob Gob-e Gob 

Se-Gob Gob Gob-a Gob 

davawer-in in in-e in 

daawer-in in in-e in 

daawer-in in in-a in 

mova-dun dun dun-e dun 

moa-dun dun dun-e dun 

moa-dun dun dun-a dun 

rogorc vxedavT, SeiZleba zmna am mwkrivis sxva formebs 

sxvagvarad iwarmoebdes, magram warmoebis nulTan armonacvle 

xmovnis Semcveli sufiqsiT garTuleba wKvetilis warmoebis tips 

cvlis: gav-yer yer yer-(-i), yer magram gavayr-evin evin evin-e... evin sxva SemTxvevaSi uSualo 

da SualobiTi kontaqtis formaTa amgvari Senacvleba warmoebis 

tipis Secvlas ar gamoiwvevs, Tu saKrdeni morfemis 

struqtura ar Seicvleba: gava-keT keT keT-e keT _ gavakeTeb-in in in-e. in es kidev 

erTi dadasturebaa imisa, rom wKvetilis warmoebis ganmsazGvreli 

ZiriTadad saKrdeni morfemis struqturaa. 

amgvarad, wKvetilis warmoebaSi kidev erTi Kali Kalibi Kali bi gamoiKo,


romelic SeiZleba ase daxasiaTdes, mar marcvlo mar marcvlo 

cvlova 

vani va ni uku ukumSve uku 

mSve mSveli 

li 

saKrde saKrdeni saKrde ni mo morfe mo 

rfe rfema rfe ma + + -e e su sufiq su sufiq 

fiqsi 

si. si warmoebis am tipisaTvis niSandoblivia 

subieqturi mesame piris niSnad -a sufiqsi. namKo namKo namKo Zi- 

Zi 

ri riTa ri 

Ta Tadis Ta dis warmo warmoebis warmo 

bis am am tips tips vu vuwo vu 

wo wodebT wo debT mesame Kalibs Kalibs. Kalibs 

mesame Kalibis zmnebs aSkarad upirispirdeba da sxvagvar 

Kalibs qmnis zmnaTa is Jgufi, romelic wKvetils aseve -e sufiqsiT 

iwarmoebs, magram mesame subieqturi piris niSnad moudis -o 

sufiqsi. Kvela am zmnis saKrdeni morfema umarcvloa. 

amgvarad, umarcvlo saKrdeni morfema da I da II pirSi wKvetilis 

-e mawarmoebeli aris aucilebeli piroba imisaTvis, rom 

subieqturi mesame piris niSnad -o sufiqsi gamovlindes. sxvagvarad: 

subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqsi KovelTvis varaudobs I 

da II pirSi -e mawarmoebels (wesi piruku ar moqmedebs). es kanonzomiereba 

Cans: 

ava-g-e 

aa-g-e 

aa-g-o 

gava-Tb Tb Tb-e Tb 

gaa-Tb Tb Tb-e Tb 

gaa-Tb Tb Tb-o Tb 

dava-tkb tkb tkb-e tkb 

daa-tkb tkb tkb-e tkb 

daa-tkb tkb tkb-o tkb 

dava-frTx frTx frTx-e frTx 

daa-frTx frTx frTx-e frTx 

daa-frTx frTx frTx-o frTx 

amgvar Kalibs _ umarcvlo saKrdeni morfema + -e sufiqsi 

I da II pirSi da -o sufiqsi III pirSi _ vuwodebT wKve wKveti wKve wKveti 

tilis tilis 

lis 

wa warmo wa mo moebis mo bis me meoTxe me Txe Kalibs Kalibs. Kalibs 

meoTxe Kalibis zmnaTa raodenoba arcTu didia. maTi ricxvi 

`qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ (qegl.) mixedviT 

cxra aTeuls aGwevs. saKrdeni morfema SeiZleba iKos calTanxmovniani 

(ava-g-e _ aa-g-o, avi-G-e _ ai-G-o, Seva-q-e _ Sea-q-o...), 

orTanxmovniani (gava-gd gd gd-e gd _ gaa-gd gd gd-o, gd dav-gm gm gm-e gm _ da-gm gm gm-o, gm dav-Tm Tm Tm-e Tm 

_ da-Tm Tm Tm-o...), Tm samTanxmovniani (Seva-krT krT krT-e krT _ Sea-krT krT krT-o, krT dava-tkb tkb tkb-e tkb 

_ daa-tkb tkb tkb-o, tkb vu-mtr mtr mtr-e mtr _ u-mtr mtr mtr-o...) mtr da oTxTanxmovniani (dava- 

frTx frTx-e frTx frTx _ daa-frTx frTx frTx-o, frTx dave-Krdn Krdn Krdn-e Krdn _ dae-Krdn Krdn Krdn-o. Krdn vi-grZn grZn grZn-e grZn _ i- 

grZn grZn-o...). grZn 

aqve, ueyvelia, Tavs iCens erTi sakiTxi: Tu wKvetilis warmoebis 

tipis gansazGvrisaTvis gadamwKveti mniSvneloba saKrdeni 

morfemis struqturas eniyeba, rogor unda aixsnes is faqti, 

rom II da IV Kalibis zmnaTa saKrdeni morfema struqturulad 

erTgvaria _ umarcvlo da zog SemTxvevaSi SekumSuli (erTi 

mxriv, dava-b-i, gav-Tb Tb Tb-i... Tb da, meore mxriv, ava-g-e, gava-Tb Tb Tb-e...). Tb miviGeT: 

a) erTgvarovani saKrdeni morfema da gansxvavebuli warmoeba 

(gav-Sr Sr Sr-i Sr _ gava-Sr Sr Sr-e...) Sr da, piriqiT, b) gansxvavebuli 

369

370 


struqturis saKrdeni morfema da erTgvari warmoeba (ava-Sen Sen Sen-e Sen 

_ avi-G-e). 

faqtis istoriis gaTvaliswineba movlenas agvixsnis. ker- 

Zod, dgindeba, rom -e sufiqsi mesame da meoTxe Kalibis zmnebSi 

geneturad gansxvavebuli odenobebia. 

samecniero literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa namKo wKvetilis 

-e sufiqsis genezisis Sesaxeb. 

miuTiTeben, rom wKvetilis -e sufiqsis Tavdapirveli saxe 

iKo -ev ev (g. rogava, 1945; arn. Ciqobava, 1967; gv. 49; g. deetersi, 

1930, gv. 109). am mosazrebis erT-erTi ZirTadi sabuTi is aris, 

rom -e sufiqsian wKvetils -o sufiqsiani meore kavSirebiTi See- 

sabameba da ivaraudeba, rom -o o ← vv-e 

v e ← -ev ev ev-e. ev aGniSnaven, rom am 

mosazrebas zanuris Cvenebac uyers mxars. amgvarad, am Tvalsaz- 

risis Tanaxmad e e ← ev ev. ev 

arsebobs sxvagvari mosazrebac: -e ar momdinareobs -ev ev sufiqsisagan; 

-e formanti TavisTavadi, damoukidebeli mawarmoebelia; 

igi miCneulia namKos saxeobaTa saerTo niSnad da gaigivebulia 

namKo usrulsa da I TurmeobiTSi gamovlenil -e sufiqsTan 

(v. Tofuria, 1955). 

Cveni azriT, wKvetilSi warmodgenili -e sufiqsi ar aris 

erTi da igive odenoba Kvela SemTxvevaSi. IV Kalibis zmnebSi -e 

sufiqsi -ev ev ev-idan ev momdinare Cans, III Kalibis zmnebSi ki _ Tavis- 

Tavadi, damoukidebeli mawarmoebeli. 

amgvarad, sadac subieqtur mesame pirSi -o sufiqsi gvaqvs, 

Sesabamis pirveli da meore piris formebSi dadasturebuli -e 

sufiqsis pirvelsaxe unda KofiliKo -ev ev ev. ev subieqturi mesame pi- 

ris -o o ← vv-a 

v 

a ← ev ev-a ev (o sufiqsis amgvari warmomavloba, saer- 

Tod, gaziarebulia). 

amgvar mosazrebas sarwmunos xdis ramdenime faqtis gaTvaliswineba: 

saSual qarTulSi da, rig SemTxvevaSi ZvelSic, am tipis 

zmnebs -ev ev ev SenarCunebuli aqvs. `-ev ev sufiqsi Zveli Cans (werilobiT 

dokumentebSi misi fiqsacia sistemebr gvaqvs ukve meToTxmete saukunis 

dasawKisSi; Zvel qarTulSic SeiniSneba da davi da davi 

vicev vi cev tipis zmneb- 

Si). mesame pirSi Kvela am tipis zmnas o niSani aqvs~ 

(i. qavTaraZe, 1973, gv. 32). iqve gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom -ev ev ixmareboda 

xalxur metKvelebaSi da mas asaxavda mwerlobis enac. im


periodis werilobiTi Zeglebis monacemTa mixedviT -ev ev gvxvdeba 

mxolod umarcvlo Zireul morfemebTan; ar dasturdeba marcvlovan 

saKrden morfemasTan. es faqti ar unda iKos SemTxveviTi. dialeqtebSi 

dadasturebuli ga gava ga gava 

vake 

keTe 

Tevi 

vi, vi , ava avaSe ava 

Se Sene 

nevi ne vi tipis formebi 

gviandelia da da davde da davde 

vdevi vde vi tipis formaTa uniformaciis Sedegi Cans. 

sainteresoa is faqtic, rom ùniSno vnebiTTagan~ warmoebuli 

moqmedebiTi gvaris formebi sistemebr meoTxe KalibSi Tavsdeba. 

saKrdeni Zireuli morfema am zmnebSi meore Kalibis zmna- 

Ta saKrdeni morfemis msgavsia (ufro sworad, identuri): gava- 

Tb Tb-e, Tb gava-xm xm xm-e, xm (Sdr.: gav-Tb Tb Tb-i, Tb gav-xm xm xm-i...). xm awmKoSi am tipis zmnebs 

sistemebr -ob ob Temis niSani aqvs, romelic -eb eb Temis niSniseuli 

e xmovnis winamaval v-sTan SerwKmis Sedegad miGebulad ivarau- 

deba: v-eb eb → ob ob (g. deetersi, 1930, gv. 126; e. osiZe, 1968, gv. 

16). aqedan gamomdinare, awmKos formis Cveneba v-s varaudobs 

zmnis fuZeSi. vfiqrobT, es v TanxmovniTi nawilia wKvetilis 

formaSi arsebuli -ev ev sufiqsisa, romelic, rogorc Cans, sxva 

mwkrivis formebSic gadahKveba zmnas. egeve -ev ev sufiqsi ivaraudeba 

II kavSirebiTis formebSic. Kovelive es ki migvaniSnebs imaze, 

rom -ev ev (→ vv) 

v 

sufiqsi istoriulad ar aris wKvetilis mawarmoebeli. 

mas sxva funqcia unda hqonoda (es sakiTxi amJerad ar Seadgens 

Cveni kvlevis sagans). 

amjamad IV Kalibis zmnebSi -e sufiqsi gamartivebuli, Tanxmovanmokvecili, 

-ev ev sufqsia. -ev ev sufiqsis fonetikuri saxis 

cvla (ev ev → ee) 

e da funqciurad misi gaigiveba namKo ZirTiadis -e 

mawarmoebelTan (avaSen-e, , gavakeT-e...) gviandeli faqtia. subieqturi 

mesame piris -o sufiqsis warmoqmnis (o o ← vv-a) 

v 

procesi 

ufro adrindeli Cans; -ev ev gaumartivebeli saxiT dialeqtma Semogvinaxa, 

xolo Semdeg moxda dialeqturi formebis Semoyra samwerlobo 

enaSi. 

-ev ev sufiqsisa da subieqturi mesame piris -o formantis 

urTierTmimarTebis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa xevsuruli dialeqtis 

Cveneba: 

xevsurulSi subieqturi mesame piris niSnad -o ara gvaqvs. 

wKvetilSi Kvela zmnasTan -a sufiqsia warmodgenili. zmnebi, romelTac 

saliteraturo qarTulSi -o aqvs subieqturi mesame piris 

niSnad, xevsurulSi wKvetilis formebs -i sufiqsiT iwarmoebs: 

aviG aviG-i, aviG , ga gavig ga gavig 

vig-i, vig , da davagd da davagd 

vagd-i. vagd `xevsurulSi am zmnebSi i i ee-s 

e da- 

371

372 


viwroebiT miGebuli ara Cans, igi bolo poziciis dakargvis SemTxvevaSic 

i-d rCeba... am zmnebs iseve, rogorc sxva zmnebsac, xevsurulSi 

wKvetilis mesame piris niSnad KovelTvis -a aqvs: gaig-a, 

aiG-a, daagd-a...~ (a. yinyarauli, 1960, gv. 105). rogorc vxedavT, 

im faqtma, rom wKvetils es zmnebi -e sufiqsiT ar iwarmoeben, 

gamoiwvia is, rom ara gvaqvs subieqtur mesame pirSi -o sufiqsi. 

es kidev erTi dadasturebaa imisa, rom ori piroba _ umarcvlo 

saKrdeni morfema da -e sufiqsi wKvetilis mawarmoeblad I da II 

piris formebSi _ aucilebelia o-s gamovlenisaTvis. xevsurulisaTvis 

samarTliani Cans SeniSvna, rom `xevsuruli im enobrivi 

koleqtivis wevri ar unda KofiliKo, sadac aiGev, aagev, daagdev... 

warmoeba gvqonda~ (a. yinyarauli, 1960, gv. 105). 

am TvalsazrisiT analogiuri mdgomareobaa ingilour dialeqtSic: 

kakur kilokavSi wKvetili mxolod -i elementiT iwarmoeba. 

-e sufiqsiani wKvetili kakurma ar icis. aliabadur kilokavSi 

ki ZiriTadad -e sufiqsi awarmoebs mwkrivis formebs, iseT 

SemTxvevebSic ki, sadac saliteraturo qarTulSi -i elementi 

gvaqvs: we weve we weve 

vele 

le, le , vi vica vi 

ca cane cane 

ne, ne , Se Se†ka Se 

ka kare kare 

re, re , ma mame ma 

me mece 

ce... ce ... `nawils ki -i erTvis 

rogorc brZanebiTSi, ise TxrobiTSi, iqneba is mxolobiT ricxvSi 

Tu mravlobiTSi; mag.: wKali ma ma Gi Gi! Gi ! kari ga gamiGi ga gamiGi 

miGi! miGi ! maiGiT maiGiT! maiGiT kari 

gaaGiT gaaGiT... gaaGiT gaaGiT... 

... wavG wavGi wavG tKeSi (waviGe), imaze ma maigi ma gi bevr TeTr (imitom 

moige bevri fuli)... mavGiT mavGiT (movitaneT) da sxv.~ (g. imnaiSvili, 

1954, gv. 159-160). rogorc vxedavT, aliabadurSi -i gvaqvs 

mxolod IV Kalibis zmnebSi da, Sesabamisad, subieqturi mesame 

piris Cveneba aseTia ingilourSi: `mesame subieqtur pirSi mxolod 

-a sufiqsi gvaqvs namKo wKvetilSi; Tu fonetikuri procesi 

ar Caeria, -o bolosarTi araa; sadac o gvevlineba, is meore- 

ulia da miGebulia fonetikur niadagze; mag.: Tqo ← (Tq…a), 

Ca co (← Caic…a), wamarTo...~ (g. imnaiSvili, 1966, gv. 118). 

am TemasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleboda gvesaubra moxeuri 

dialeqtis monacemebze, magram am dialeqtebSi es movlena naSTis 

saxes atarebs (ix. i. qavTaraZe, 1985). xevsurulsa da ingilour- 

Si ufro sistemuri saxe aqvs... 

amgvarad, ingilourSi, iseve rogorc xevsurulSi, ar aris 

subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqsis gamovlenis erT-erTi piroba 

IV Kalibis zmnebTan (wKvetilis mawarmoebeli -e sufiqsi), 

amitomac ara gvaqvs -o sufiqsi.


Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna Cvens mizans ar Seadgens xevsurulsa da ingilourSi 

dadasturebuli faqtis istoriis kvleva: 

arqaul viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme Tu inovaciaa. 

dialeqturi monacemebi subieqturi mesame piris 

-o sufiqsis gamovlenisaTvis sayiro pirobaTa 

dasadastureblad davimowmeT. TavisTavad es ukanaskneli 

mkacri kanonzomiereba Cans, romelsac 

icavs rogorc saliteraturo ena, aseve dialeqtebi. 

Kovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, rom me meo- me 

Txe Txe Kali Kalibis Kali bis zmneb zmnebSi zmneb Si -e su sufiq su 

fiq fiqsi fiq si -ev-is ga gamar ga gamar 

marti 

tive 

vebu 

buli li sa saxea sa saxea 

xea, xea , xo- xo 

lo lo su subi su subi 

bieq 

eqtu 

turi tu ri me mesa me mesa 

same sa me pi piris pi 

ris -o miGebu miGebulia 

miGebu miGebu lia va kom kompleq kom kompleq 

pleqsis pleq sis 

SerwKmis SerwKmis Se Sede Se Sede 

degad 

gad. gad 

gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom ò alomorfi S3 pirisa fonologiurad 

Sepirobebuli araa Zvel qarTulSi~ (b. gigineiSvili, 

z. sarJvelaZe, 1973, gv. 80)... `SesaZloa o miGebuli iKos 

va/ve/…a/…e-sagan ufro adrindel periodSi an saerTo qarTveluri 

fuZe enis diferenciaciamde~ (iqve, gv. 76). Cvens SemTxvevaSi 

va va → o procesis siZveleze migvaniSnebs is faqtic, rom Zvel 

qarTulSi zemoT warmodgenili Kalibebi ukve Seqmnilia da mkacrad 

dakanonebuli. IV Kalibis zmnur formaTa siZveleze unda migvaniSnebdes 

isic, rom am tipis zmnaTa wKvetilis fuZea saKrdeni 

I TurmeobiTisaTvis: àGsaniSnavia, rom es meore Juris warmoeba 

(e. i. roca I TurmeobiTi II seriis fuZes eKrdnoba _ g. g.) 

iseT zmnebs moudis, romelTac moqmedebiTi gvaris namKo wKvetilis 

forma mxolobiTi ricxvis III subieqtur pirSi o-niT aqvT 

nawarmoebi~ (a. SaniZe, 1930, gv. 156) ix. agreTve g. rudenko, 

1940, gv. 132; h. fogti, 1981, gv. 169). 

roca vsaubrobT o o ← va va procesze, ar ivaraudeba, rom subieqturi 

mesame piris -o sufiqsi Kvela SemTxvevaSi amgvari procesis 

Sedegadaa miGebuli. miuTiTeben, rom o-s warmoqmnisaTvis 

àmosavali fonetikuri viTareba iKo (v-s mezobloba), magram 

Semdeg o analogiis mixedviT sxva zmnebsac gauCndaT, _ Kvelgan 

-a-s adgilas~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950, gv. 053). debuleba sarwmunoa. 

-o sufiqsi Kvela SemTxvevaSi kompleqsis SerwKmis Sedegi ar 

aris. amgvari procesi ivaraudeba iseT formebSi, romelTac xe- 

373

374 


li SeuwKves Kalibis Seqmnas. romelime zmnis am KalibSi moqceva 

iwvevs subieqtur mesame pirSi -o sufiqsis gamovlenas. 

IV Kalibis zmnebSi -e sufiqsis pirvelsaxed -ev ev miviCnieT. 

ras unda gamoewvia v-s dakargva pirveli da meore piris formeb- 

Si? qarTuli enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fonetikuri procesia 

auslautSi xmovnis momdevno poziciaSi Tanxmovnis dakargva (g. 

axvlediani, 1966, gv. 172): karga ← kargad, maGla ← maGlad, 

dabla ← dablad; kide ←kidev; mara ← magram; Kiva ← Kivan, Civa 

← Civan (b. JorbenaZe, 1980, gv. 183-184). es Cans erT-erTi xelis- 

SemwKobi piroba -ev ev sufiqsiseuli vinis dakargvisa. am procesisaTvis 

garkveulad xeli unda SeewKo imave mwkrivSi -e sufiqsian 

formaTa arsebobas da moxda formobrivi damTxveva -ev ev da -e sufiqsebisa, 

rac gaxda mizezi maTi erT afiqsad miCnevisa. TavisTavad, 

es procesi ivaraudeba mas Semdeg, rac -ev ev formantma dakarga 

pirvandeli funqcia. 

g. deetersis mier warmodgenili sqema marTebuli Cans mxolod 

IV Kalibis zmnaTaTvis: 

va va-gev va gev gev 

xa xa-gev xa 

gev 

a-gev gev gev-a gev a > agua 

agua 

> 

> 

> 

va vage va ge 

(x)age age 

ago 

(g. deetersi, 1930, gv. 109) 

rogorc vxedavT, meoTxe Kalibis zmnebic istoriulad pirveli 

Kalibisaa. momxdarma fonetikurma procesebma da -ev ev sufiqsis 

morfologiurma reinterpretaciam gamoiwvies axali Kalibis 

Seqmna. 

23 23....4444. 23 23 . . . wKveti wKve wKve wKveti 

tilis tilis 

lis lis warmoeeeebis warmo warmo warmo bis bis bis amosa amo amo amosa 

sava sava 

vali vali 

li li tipi ti ti tipi 

pisa pisa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis 

Cven ganvixilavdiT wKvetilis warmoebis sakiTxs axal qar- 

TulSi da oTxi formobrivi Jgufi gamovKaviT. KalibTa gamoKofis 

safuZveli ZiriTadad saKrdeni morfemis struqtura iKo. 

meore da meoTxe Kalibis zmnebze msJelobisas aGvniSneT, rom 

orive es Jgufi istoriulad pirveli Kalibisa iKo. momxdarma 

fonetikurma cvlilebebma da afiqsTa morfologiurma reinterpretaciam 

gamoiwvia Kalibis saxis Secvla da axali Kalibebis 

Seqmna. aqedan gamomdinare, dGevandeli viTareba wKvetilis war-


moebisa meoreulia da SedarebiT rTuli. rogorc Cans, amosavali 

viTareba ufro martivi iKo. v. Tofuras SeniSvna _ `wKvetili 

ori saxiT ixmareba: uniSnod an narTauli i-T da -e sufiqsiT. 

uniSnos SeuZlia dairTos ufunqcio -i. aseTi zmnebi raodenobiT 

mcirea. maTi fuZe an umarcvloa an kumSvadi. -e sufiqsiT 

iwarmoeba fuZeukumSveli zmnebi~ (v. Tofuria, 1955, gv. 

453) _ samarTliani Cans amosavali viTarebis dasaxasiaTeblad. 

e. i. im periodisaTvis, sanam III da IV Kalibebi Seiqmneboda. 

pirveli Kalibis zmnebSi momxdarma cvlilebebma gaarTula 

warmoeba da Seqmnili Kalibebis dasaxasiaTeblad sayiro gaxda 

(garda saKrdeni morfemis struqturisa) damatebiTi niSnebis 

Semotana, magram formobrivi xasiaTis cvlilebebs Sinaarsobrivi 

cvlilebebi ar gamouwvevia. 

$ $ $ 24 24. 24 . Ta Tavi Ta 

vi vise 

sebu 

bure 

reba reba 

bani bani 

ni wKve wKveti wKve 

ti tilis ti lis warmo warmoeba warmo 

ba baSi ba Si 

24 24....1111. 24 24 . . . uniSSSSno uni uni uni no no no tipi ti ti tipi 

pi pi warmoeeeebi warmo warmo warmo bi bisa bisa 

sa sa 

wKvetilis warmoebis I Kalibis zmnebi I da II piris formebs 

uniSnod iwarmoeben an dairTaven e. w. ùfunqcio~ -i-s. uniSno 

tipi warmoebisa norma iKo Zveli qarTulisaTvis mxolobiTis 

formebSi. rogorc cnobilia, -i elementi Tavdapirvelad mravlobiTis 

formebSi iqna gamoKenebuli TanxmovanTa kompleqsis gasaTi- 

Sad, Semdeg damkvidrda mxolobiTis formebSic. Zveli qarTulisa- 

Tvis Cveulebrivi iKo mravlobiTis formaTa uniSno warmoebac. 

warmoebis uniSno tipi damaxasiaTebelia amjamad qarTuli 

enis zogi dialeqtisaTvis (xevsuruli, TuSuri...). 

axal qarTul saliteraturo enaSi warmoebis uniSno tipi 

Zalze iSviaTia: Cveulebriv -i elementma daimkvidra adgili 

wKvetilSi subieqturi I da II piris formebTan rogorc mravlobiTSi, 

aseve mxolobiTSi. I Kalibis zmnaTa uniSno variantebi ZiriTadad 

brZanebiT winadadebebSi dasturdeba, Tumca aris SemTxvevebi 

kiTxviT da TxrobiT winadadebebSi maTi gamoKenebisa: 

a) brZanebiTi: 

aq mo moeTer mo 

Ter Ter, Ter aqa, Se unamuso! (ek. gab.). 

375

376 


maS, es mi miTxar mi 

Txar Txar, Txar kaco! (vaja). 

aba, patara xans da dadeg da 

deg deg, deg Tu mKral gubed ar gadaiqce! 

(ilia). 

dedi, oriod puri mo momec mo 

mec mec! mec (x. s.). 

cxviri mo momyer mo 

myer myer, myer Tu eseni boTlebis mrecxavebi arian (n. 

Siuk.). 

ga gauZe ga 

Ze Zex Ze x stumrebs (g. Sar. 8). 

b) kiTxviTi: 

xuTkunyulav, ga gaxvel ga xvel xids Tu ara? (x. s.). 

ga gaZex ga 

Zex Zex, Zex meliav, Tu arao? _ hkiTxa ofofma (iqve). 

rad mo momas mo 

mas maswar mas war am dGesa? (akaki). 

maxvili hkar hkar da ar gaxsovs? (g. Sar.). 

g. TxrobiTi: 

warmo warmovu warmo warmovu 

vudeg vu deg fexzed da CamovarTvi gamowvdili xeli 

(ilia). 

me da davkar da 

vkar fexi da gavvardi KaCaGad (iqve). 

xelebi uSnod ga gavi ga gavi 

vikar vi kar barZaKebzed (vaja). 

uTxar uTxar, uTxar uTxar axlave gamogzavnos (a. cag.). 

vig vigrZen vig 

rZen raGac SiSi (n. Siuk.). 

Seswavlili masala gviCvenebs, rom uniSno formaTa gamo- 

Kenebis sixSire metia XIX saukunis mweralTa enaSi, vidre XX saukunisaSi. 

prozaul teqstebSi uniSno wKvetili Tanamedrove qar- 

TulSi Cveulebriv naklebad gvxvdeba; aramxatvrul teqstebSi 

amgvari warmoeba gamoricxulia. uniSno tipi warmoebisa ZiriTadad 

poeturi teqstebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli: 

megobrobav, Svebis varskvlavad aGgveg aGgvegzen aGgveg zen (g. orb.). 

mexrev, ga gaukar ga 

kar Svindasa, cota zarmaci xaria (r. erisT.). 

iKav iKav amier SeCvenebuli (akaki). 

gamarJoba, Sofero, mi mican mi mican 

can? can ai, dedasa! (galaktioni). 

Zils mi mivec mi 

vec Tavi wuTiT daGlilma (m. leb.). 

gadarCi maSin, rodesac gi giTxar gi giTxar 

Txar: Txar dGeidan me var patroni 

Seni (m. may.). 

cxadia, aseT SemTxvevebSi uniSnoba umetesad leqsis sayiroebiTaa 

gamowveuli _ marcvalTa raodenoba ganmsazGvreli 

Cans.


zog SemTxvevaSi uniSno variantis daniSnuleba arqauli 

stilis Seqmnaa. mravlad dasturdeba msgavsi formebi istoriul 

Temebze Seqmnil originalur Tu naTargmn literaturul ZeglebSi. 

am mxriv personajisa da avtoris metKveleba sxvaobas gviCvenebs. 

CvenTvis saintereso formebi ZiriTadad personajTa 

metKvelebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli: 

Se Seib Se 

ib maxvili (akaki). 

aSot, saKvarelo, mi miTxar mi miTxar 

Txar, Txar manugeSe (v. barn.). 

iq iqmen iq iqmen 

men sruliad morCili Cemi (iqve). 

gan ganved gan 

ved Cemgan, macduro boroto (iqve). 

asulsa Cemsa ga gaacan ga can erisTavni (g. Sar.). 

gvqmen gvqmen erTpirada (o. Cx.). 

rao, dunai, nuTu ver mi mican mi 

can can? can (bilin.). 

nestian miwaSi da damfal da 

mfal mkerdamde (iqve). 

amgvar SemTxvevebSi mravlobiTis uniSno variantebic dasturdeba: 

dGes scanT scanT ra, Tavadno, Cveni nebani... (g. Sar.). 

ras mo moves mo 

ves veswarT 

warT, warT ra dGe dagvadga (o. Cx.). 

viTar Se SeiZelT Se 

ZelT gadatana esden vaebis (iqve). 

aha, gadarCa, is gadarCa, kvlav gamo gamovix gamo gamovix 

vixsenT vix senT (iqve). 

msgavsi formebi mweral o. CxeiZis mxolod istoruli xasiaTis 

poetur nawarmoebebSi davadastureT. ori faqtoris gaTvaliswineba 

ueyvelia: stilis arqaizacia da frazis ritmuloba. 

avtorisaTvis uniSno da -i elementiani variantebi formobrivad 

gansxvavebuli da funqciurad identuri odenobebia, romlebic 

sayiroebis SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflad SeiZleba Seenacvlon erTmaneTs. 

es gansakuTrebiT aSkarad igrZnoba im SemTxvevaSi, roca 

erTsa da imave frazaSi erTi da imave zmnis paraleluri variantebia 

warmodgenili: 

gan ganved gan 

ved ved, ved ujmuro, Camomexsen, hoi, gan ganve gan 

ve vedi 

di (o. Cx.). 

gvi gviTxar gvi 

Txar Txar, Txar , o, gvi gviTxar gvi gviTxar 

Txar, Txar rame gvi gviTxar gvi 

Txar Txar, Txar , gvi gviTxa gvi gviTxa 

Txari Txa ri rame (iqve). 

GmerTo mi mixsen mi 

xsen xsen, xsen Sen da damix da 

mix mixse mixse 

seni 

ni, ni mxsnelo KovelTa (iqve). 

377

378 


im faqts, rom uniSno variantebi frazaSi win uswrebs -i 

elementian variantebs, sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT raime arsebiTi 

mniSvneloba ar unda hqondes. es mwerlis individualuri stilis 

Tavisebureba Cans. aseve mwerlis individualuri stilis 

Taviseburebad unda miviCnioT uniSno wKvetilis gamoKenebis zogi 

SemTxveva al. yavyavaZis poeziaSi: 

mam mamcen mam cen mnaTobo... risgan gaqvs ymunva da sneuleba 

(a. yavy.). 

aw Cemda Sesazarad, garda gardage garda gardage 

geqec ge qec Soraelad (iqve). 

mo moved mo 

ved TagTir xSulis gulis saxebad (iqve). 

mas mnaTs uTxarT uTxarT ymunvani Cemni sruliad (iqve, 48) da 

sxva. 

zogJer amgvari SemTxvevebi SeiZleba gavigoT, rogorc `poeturi 

licencia~: mwerlisa da, gansakuTrebiT, poetisaTvis dasaSvebi 

Tavisufleba (SesaZlebloba), sayiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiKenos 

iseTi gramatikuli formebi, konstruqciebi, warmoTqmebi, 

romlebic savsebiT an Cveulebriv ar ixmareba metKvelebaSi 

(j. maruzo, 1960, gv. 58-59; o. axmanova, 1969, gv. 84). magram 

calkeuli faqtebis `poetur licenciad~ miCneva ar gvaZlevs 

imis uflebas, rom maTze KuradGeba ar gavamaxviloT, radgan, 

`poeturi licencia aris enaSi potenciurad mocemuli (magram 

metKvelebaSi araeralizebuli) formisa da funqciis individualuri 

realizacia mwerlis mier. amgvari ganmarteba aucilebels 

xdis, normidan (ùzusidan~) Kovelgvari `gadaxvevis~ safuZveli 

isev da isev enaSi veZioT. mwerali pirvelaGmomCenia am SesaZleblobisa 

da ara gamomgonebeli~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1980, gv. 63). 

amgvarad wKvetilis uniSno variantebi Tanamedrove qar- 

TulSi mxatvruli teqstebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli; prozaul 

nawarmoebebSi ZiriTadad personajTa metKvelebaSi gamoiKeneba da 

mas garkveuli stiluri daniSnuleba ekisreba. 

24 24....2222. 24 24 . . . zo zoga zo zoga 

gadad gadad 

dad dad subi su su subi 

bieq bieq 

eqtu eqtu 

turi turi 

ri ri III III III III piris pi pi piris 

ris ris ----o o o o sufiq su su sufiqsis 

fiq fiqsis 

sis sis 

gamovle gamo gamo gamovlenis 

vle vlenis 

nis nis piro pi pi piro 

roba roba 

baTa baTa 

Ta Ta Sesa Se Se Sesa 

saxeb saxeb 

xeb xeb 

IV Kalibis zmnaTa Sesaxeb msJelobisas gansakuTrebuli KuradGeba 

subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqss mivaqcieT. -o sufiqsTan 

dakavSirebiT a. SaniZe SeniSnavs: àris erTi wKeba zmne-


bisa, romelTac mxolobiTSi a-s nacvlad -o moudis. am zmnebis 

fuZe umetesad umarcvloa da Sedgeba erTi, ori an sami Tanxmovnisagan. 

or-TanxmovnianebSi meore, xolo sam-TanxmovnianebSi mesame 

SeiZleba iKos umarcvlo unisagan miGebuli v~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, 

gv. 430). SeniSvna sworia, magram amgvari ganmarteba ver gagvcems 

pasuxs kiTxvaze, Tu ratom gvaqvs -a subieqturi mesame piris 

niSnad iseT zmnebTan, rogoricaa gamoa-rTv rTv rTv-a, rTv Caa-cv cv cv-a, cv Se-sv sv sv-a, sv 

Tqv Tqv-a Tqv da sxva (Kvela maTganis fuZe uxmovnoa da bolokiduri 

Tanxmovani _ umarcvlo unisagan miGebuli); anda ratom gvaqvs 

paraleluri warmoeba -a da -o sufiqsebiT, razec a. SaniZec miuTiTebs 

(darga º dargo, morwKa º morwKo, miuzGa º miuzGo) (a. 

SaniZe, 1973, gv. 430). 

uxmovno fuZis mqoneoba ar aris sakmarisi piroba wKvetil- 

Si subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqsis gamovlenisaTvis. umarcvlo 

fuZesTan erTad aucilebelia subieqturi pirveli da meore 

piris formebSi wKvetilis mawarmoeblad warmodgenil iqnes 

-e sufiqsi. amgvarad, wKvetilSi subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqsis 

arsebobisaTvis ori pirobaa aucilebeli: a) saKrde saKrdeni saKrde saKrdeni 

ni mo- 

mo 

rfe rfema rfe rfema 

ma (am SemTxvevaSi martivi fuZe) un unda un 

da iKos umar umarcvlo 

umar 

cvlo da 

b) wKve wKveti wKve wKveti 

tilis lis ma mawar ma 

war warmo warmo 

moebe mo be beli be li _ -e e su sufiq su 

fiq fiqsi 

si. si es kanonzomierebaa. 

Tu am pirobaTagan erT-erTi ar aris daculi, maSin subieqturi 

mesame piris niSnad namKo ZiriTadSi -a sufiqsi iqneba 

warmodgenili: 

a) gvaqvs umarcvlo fuZe (saKrdeni morfema), magram namKo 

ZiriTads -i elementi awarmoebs: 

dava-b-i 

daa-b-i 

daa-b-a 

gavu-Sv-i 

gau-Sv-i 

gau-Sv-a 

v-Tqv-i 

Tqv-i 

Tqv-a 

b) namKo ZiriTadis mawarmoebelia -e e sufiqsi, magram saKrdeni 

morfema marcvlovania: 

gav-Tal-e 

ga-Tal-e 

ga-Tal-a 

ava-Sen-e 

aa-Sen-e 

aa-Sen-a 

Sev-krib-e 

Se-krib-e 

Se-krib-a 

davawer-in-e 

daawer-in-e 

daawer-in-a 

379

380 


Tumca saliteraturo qarTulSi dasturdeba iseTi SemTxvevebic, 

roca subieqtur mesame pirs -o sufiqsi gamoxatavs, 

aGniSnuli ori piroba -o-s gamovlenisa ki ar aris daculi. rogorc 

aGvniSneT, iseTi faqtebic gvxvdeba, roca erTi da imave 

zmnis subieqtur mesame pirSi paralelurad -a da -o sufiqsebia 

warmodgenili. Cveni Semdgomi msJeloba amgvari gamonaklisebis 

axsnas isaxavs miznad. 

22224444....3333. . . . Kav Kav Kav Kav fuuuuZis ff 

f Zis Zis Zis Semcvel Se Se Semcvel 

mcvel mcvel zmnaTa zmna zmna zmnaTa 

Ta Ta wKveti wKve wKve wKveti 

tilis tilis 

lis lis Sesa Se Se Sesa 

saxeb saxeb 

xeb xeb 

Kav Kav fuZis Semcveli rogorc absoluturi, aseve relatiuri 

formebi wKvetilis pirveli da meore piris formebs uniSnod 

(resp. -i elementiT) iwarmoebs. 

vi-Kav-(i) 

i-Kav-(i) 

uar-v-Kav-(i) 

uar-Kav-(i) 

mesame pirSi mosaldneli i-Kv Kv Kv-a, Kv , , uar uar-Kv uar 

Kv Kv-a Kv formaTa nacvlad 

iKo iKo, iKo , uar uar-Ko uar Ko formebia normatuli. cnobilia, rom o o va va kopleqsis 

SerwKmis Sedegadaa miGebuli. saliteraturo qarTuli enis 

uZveles ZeglebSi mxolod o xmovniani formebia dadasturebuli. 

fonetikuri procesis safuZvelze warmoqmnili o sufiqsad iqna 

gaazrebuli. 

is faqti, rom iKo iKo, iKo , uar uar-Ko uar 

Ko formebSi fonetikur niadagze 

warmoqmnili o sufiqsad iqna gaazrebuli, aris mizezi imisa, 

rom kanonzomierebis ZaliT (-o gulisxmobs subieqtur I da II 

pirSi -e sufiqss), sasaubro enaSi Tavi iCina -e sufiqsianma 

formebma: uar-v-Kv-e, uar-Kv-e. amgvari formebi samwerlobo ena- 

Sic dasturdeba: 

pirvelma me uarvKve uarvKve misi debulebebi! (o. Cx.). 

rogorc vxedavT, istoriulad fonetikur safuZvelze mi- 

Gebulma amjamad normatulma subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqsianma 

formam `paradigmis gasworebis~ mizniT enaSi axali formebi 

gaaCina. TavisTavad faqti -o-s gamovlenisaTvis sayiro pirobaTa 

principul dasabuTebad gvesaxeba. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : uarvKve tipis formebi inovaciis _ `sametKvelo 

licenciis~ _ faqtad unda miviCnioT: `poeturisagan~ 

gansxvavebiT `sametKvelo licencia~


381 

KoveldGiurad uamravi raodenobiT warmoiqmneba 

metKvelebaSi, magram isev ugzo-ukvlod ikargvis 

da mxolod mciredi nawili poulobs noKier niadags 

gasavrceleblad da dasamkvidreblad, mxolod 

umciresi nawili aGmoCndeba saKovelTaod 

damkvidrebisaTvis sayiro monacemebis mqone da 

TandaTan, TiTqmis SeumCnevlad, daemKnoba enaSi, 

Semdeg ki aseve TandaTanobiT iwvevs manamde arsebuli 

Sinagani wonasworobis rGvevas, warmoqmnis 

Sinagan miswrafebas axali Tanafardobis dasamkvidreblad~ 

(b. JorbenaZe, 1980, gv. 63). 

24 24....4444. 24 24 . . . Ca Caiiiico Ca Ca co co co ((((← Ca Caic Ca Caic 

icva icva 

va) va) 

) ) ti tipis ti tipis 

pis pis forme for for forme 

mebi mebi 

bi bi samwer sa sa samwerlo 

mwer mwerlo 

lobo lobo 

bo bo enaSi ena ena enaSi 

Si Si 

samwerlobo enaSi asaxva pova iseTma formebma, rogoricaa: 

ga gagi ga 

gi giSo gi (`gagiSva~), Ca Caico Ca 

co (`Caicva~) gamo gamoar gamo gamoar 

arTo ar To (`gamoarTva~) da sxva: 

rom ga gagi ga 

gi giSo 

So, So Cemi sulic Tan unda gagaKolo (ilia). 

arc mwvadi da daswo da 

swo da arc Samfuri (iqve). 

Ca Caico Ca 

co tanTa (vaja). 

dakodils xeli mo mouso mo 

so (r. erisT.). 

gamo gamoar gamo gamoar 

arTo arTo 

To mGvdels metrikuli mowmoba (e. nin.) da sxva. 

warmodgenili zmnebi meore Kalibisaa da, amdenad, araa mosalodneli 

subieqturi mesame piris niSnad -o sufiqsi. msgavsi 

formebi ZiriTadad XIX saukunis mweralTa enisTvisaa damaxasia- 

Tebeli da saliteraturo enis TvalsazrisiT aSkara dialeqtizmebia: 

-o Kvela SemTxvevaSi -a sufiqsis v-sTan SerwKmis Sedegia, 

faqti moqmedi fonetikuri procesis asaxvaa. saanalizo formaTa 

umarTebulobis mtkiceba subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqsis 

gamovlenis pirobaTa gaTvaliswinebiTac xerxdeba: marTalia, 

wKvetilSi saKrdeni morfema umarcvloa, magram mwkrivis mawarmoeblad 

ara gvaqvs -e sufiqsi. 

24 24....5555. 24 24 . . . ````Se Se Sere Sere 

reuuuuli re li li li para pa pa para 

radig radigme 

dig digme 

mebi mebi 

bi~ bi~ 

~ ~ wKveti wKve wKve wKveti 

tilis tilis 

lis lis warmoeeeeba warmo warmo warmo ba baSi baSi 

Si Si 

gamoiKofa zmnaTa erTi Jgufi, romelTa fuZeSi v Tanxmovani 

ar aris, wKvetilis I da II piris formebSi uniSnoa an -i elements 

dairTavs da III piris niSnad -o sufiqsi gvaqvs:

382 


Se-v-i-pKar pKar pKar-(i) pKar 

Se-i-pKar pKar pKar-(i) pKar 

Se-i-pK pK pKr-o pK 

Se-v-i-pKar pKar pKar-i-T pKar 

Se-i-pKar pKar pKar-i-T pKar 

Se-i-pKr pKr pKr-es pKr 

msJelobiTisaTvis mravlobiTis magaliTebs mniSvneloba ara 

aqvs, amitom mxolobiTis formebs davemKarebiT. 

am tipis zmnebia: 

vi-grZen grZen grZen-(i) grZen 

vi-can can can-(i) can 

mova-swar swar swar-(i) swar 

miva-gen gen gen-(i) gen 

gamova-kel kel kel-(i) kel 

dava-mKen mKen mKen-(i) mKen 

Sev-Zel Zel Zel-(i) Zel 

i-grZen grZen grZen-(i) grZen 

i-can can can-(i) can 

moa-swar swar swar-(i) swar 

mia-gen gen gen-(i) gen 

gamoa-kel kel kel-(i) kel 

daa-mKen mKen mKen-(i) mKen 

Se-Zel Zel Zel-(i) Zel 

i-grZn grZn grZn-o grZn 

i-cn cn cn-o cn 

moa-swr swr swr-o swr 

mia-gn gn gn-o gn 

gamoa-kl kl kl-o kl 

daa-mKn mKn mKn-o mKn 

Se-Zl Zl Zl-o Zl 

subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqsis arseboba am formebSi 

fonetikur safuZvelze ver aixsneba. am tipis zmnebs Zvel qar- 

TulSi ZiriTadad subieqturi mesame piris niSnad -a sufiqsi 

moudioda: Se SeipKr Se 

ipKr ipKr-a, ipKr , agrZn agrZn-a, agrZn , Se Seicn Se 

icn icn-a... icn ... -a sufiqsis -o-Ti Senacvlebas 

verc meoTxe Kalibis zmnaTa analogias mivawerT: amgvari 

ram ar momxdara am tipis (fuZekumSvad) zmnaTa did umravlesobaSi: 

mov-kal _ mo-kl-a; Sev-kar _ Se-kr-a, mov-xan _ mo-xn-a, gamov-xar 

_ gamo-xr-a... 

arsebiTi aris is, rom axal qarTulSi gansaxilvel zmnebs 

subieqtur I da II pirSi nulovani (resp. -i elementiani) warmoebis 

paralelurad -e sufiqsiani formebic moepovebaT: Se Sevi Se 

vi vi-pKar vi pKar 

º º Se Sevi Se Sevi 

vi-pKr vi pKr pKr-e, pKr , vig vigrZen vig 

rZen º vi vi-grZn vi 

grZn grZn-e, grZn , mo mova mo 

va va-swar va swar º mo mova mo 

va va-swr va swr swr-e, swr , mi miva mi 

va va- 

gen gen º º mi miva mi miva 

va-gn va gn gn-e, gn , ga gavi ga 

vi vi-can vi can can º º ga gavi ga gavi 

vi-cn vi cn cn-e, cn , Ca Cav-fal Ca 

fal º Cav Cav-fl Cav 

fl fl-e, fl , gamo gamova gamo 

va- va 

kel kel º º ggamo 

g mo mova 

va-kl va kl kl-e, kl , Se Sevi Se 

vi vi-Zel vi Zel º Se Sevi Se 

vi vi-Zl vi Zl Zl-e... Zl ... 

cad aGapKre aGapKre aGapKre xeli wKvili (s. Ciq.). 

Se Seic Se 

ic icne 

ne, ne moZme namdvili Turme ruseTSic gKolia (iqve). 

ifiqre, ifiqre bednierebaze, Tuki erT niSans mainc mi- 

mi 

vag vagneT vag neT (`sab. xel.~ #9, 1977, 110). 

uecrad Ca Cavef Ca 

vef vefle vef le Grma ZilSi (`cisk.~ #5, 1976, 17). 

rodis Se Seig Se 

ig igrZne 

rZne, rZne , Tu Se Seig Se 

ig igrZne ig rZne tato bolomdi (v. gogol.).


zogan raGac Cavumate, zogan raGac gamo gamovak gamo gamovak 

vakle vak le (g. petr.). 

GmerTo, sakuTar sikvdils mo momas mo 

mas maswre mas wre (`cisk.~ #1, 1981, 

62). 

Semaswore da da damimKne da 

mimKne sisxlze (s. Ciq.). 

am formebSi gvaqvs is orive piroba, romelic aucilebelia 

mxolobiTi ricxvis mesame subieqtur pirSi -o sufiqsis gamovlenisaTvis: 

umarcvlo fuZe da wKvetilis mawarmoebeli -e sufiqsi. 

amgvarad, enaSi arsebuli paradigmis gverdiT CamoKalibda 

axali paradigma: 

Sevi-pKar pKar pKar-(i) pKar 

Sei-pKar pKar pKar-(i) pKar 

Sei-pKr pKr pKr-a pKr 

º 

º 

º 

Sevi-pKr pKr pKr-e pKr 

Sei-pKr pKr pKr-e pKr 

Sei-pKr pKr pKr-o pKr 

meore, gviandeli, paradigmis mesame piris forma farTod 

gavrcelda da daiyira winamorbedi paradigmis Sesabamisi formis 

adgili (Tumca dialeqtebSi, da zogJer saliteraturo enaSic, 

Jer kidev SemogvrCa -a sufiqsiani formebi), rac ar momxdara 

pirveli da meore piris formaTa SemTxvevaSi. amgvarad miviGeT 

dGeisaTvis normatuli paradigma: 

Sevi-pKar pKar pKar-(i) pKar 

Sei-pKar pKar pKar-(i) pKar 

Sei-pKr pKr pKr-o pKr 

romelsac pirobiTad Sereuli paradigma SeiZleba vuwodoT. 

amiT gasagebi xdeba, Tu ratom aris -o subieqturi mesame piris 

niSnad im SemTxvevaSi, roca pirvel da meore pirSi wKvetilis 

mawarmoeblad ara gvaqvs -e sufiqsi. 

Tu Se SevipKar Se 

vipKar vipKar, vipKar , ga gavi ga 

vi vican 

can... can ... zmnaTa SemTxvevaSi pirveli Kalibis 

formaTa paralelurad meoTxe Kalibis formebi CamoKalibda, 

dasturdeba sapirispiro movlenac _ meoTxe Kalibis formis paralelurad 

pirveli Kalibis formis gaCena: Zvel qarTulSi Se SeZ- Se 

le leba le leba 

ba zmnis wKvetilis formebi IV KalibiT iwarmoeboda: 

ra saTvis Cuen ver Se SeuZ Se 

uZ uZleT 

leT gankurnebad mas? (m. DE, 

17, 19). 

kacman aman [iwK]o SÀnebad d[a ver Se Se]uZ Se 

uZ uZlo 

lo aGs[r]ulebad 

(l. C 14, 30). 

383

384 


paradigma aseT saxes iGebs: 

Seu-Zl Zl Zl-e Zl Seu-Zl Zl Zl-e-T Zl 

Seu-Zl Zl Zl-e Zl Seu-Zl Zl Zl-e-T Zl 

Seu-Zl Zl Zl-o Zl Seu-Zl Zl Zl-es Zl es 

dGevandeli normatuli paradigmis (SeviZel _ SeiZel _ 

SeiZlo) mesame piris forma Zveli viTarebis asaxvaa, IV Kalibis 

paradigmidanaa aGebuli. I da II piris formebi gviandelia, II Kalibisaa: 

Sevi-Zel Zel 

Sei-Zel Zel 

Sei-Zl Zl Zl-o Zl 

Se SevipKar Se 

vipKar º Se SevipKre Se vipKre tipis formebi paralelur variantebs 

warmogvidgens rogorc I da II pirSi, aseve III pirSic (Tumca I 

Kalibis III piris forma amjamad iSviaTia,: ufro damaxasiaTebeli 

iKo XIX saukunis mweralTa enisaTvis): 

eg aris svimon mefe, Se SeipKariT 

Se 

ipKariT ipKariT! ipKariT (iakobi). 

da cas mi miapKre mi 

apKre fiqrebi wrfeli (s. Ciq.). 

xelni aGapKra aGapKra, aGapKra aGapKra moiwoda zecisa Zalni (r. erisT.). 

igi dadianis Txovnas siamaKiT mo moepKra mo 

epKra (iakobi). 

SiSma Se SeipKro Se 

ipKro solomoni (d. kld.). 

ratom Se SegipKro Se 

gipKro aseTma azrma? (v. barn.). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : aq warmodgenil, magaliTebs vimowmebT saq. ssr 

mecnierebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis institutis 

qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis sadokumentacio 

fondidan. 

sxvagvaria mdgomareoba ga gama ga gama 

maqer ma qer º º ga gamaq ga 

maq maqre 

re, re , mi miva mi 

va vagen va gen º mi mivag mi 

vag vagne 

ne, ne , 

ga gavi ga 

vi viZer vi Zer º º ga gaviZ ga 

viZ viZre viZre 

re, re , Se Sevi Se 

vi viZel Zel º º Se SeviZ Se 

viZ viZle viZ le tipis zmnebTan, romelTa 

I da II piris formaTa paraleluri warmoeba dasturdeba axal 

qarTulSi: 

momkal, ga gama ga 

ma maqer ma qer (ilia). 

aq aqre aq 

re sanTeli, aq aqre aq 

re re, re me mainc avanTeb mas (y. lomT.). 

bolos mi miva mi 

va vage 

geniT 

niT, niT magram dilas aqeT ki vdevT (p. kakab.).


ver Se Sevig Se 

vig vigne vigne 

ne, ne ra sisulele Cavidine (`komunisti~, #22, 

1982, 3). 

ga gavi ga 

vi viZer vi Zer xanJali (ilia). 

dambaCac ga gaviZ ga 

viZ viZre viZ re welidam (iqve). 

dagKurebdi, veGar ga gavZel ga el el, el loKiT kocna me mogpare 

(ilia). 

saxlSi ver ga gasZle ga 

sZle sZle da damiyleqdi (ek. gab.). 

I Kalibis III piris forma ver davidastureT (gaaqr-a, gaiZr-a, 

miagn-a, gaZl-a), IV Kalibisa ki _ Cveulebrivia: gaaqro, gaiZro, 

miagno, gaZlo: 

sad ga gaaq ga 

aq aqro aq ro amdeni kalmaxi, kacma ar icoda (g. wereT.). 

iago ukan gadaxta da ga gaiZ ga gaiZ 

iZro iZ ro xanJali (a. Kazb.). 

pepiam siaruli veGar SeZlo SeZlo (ilia). 

melam Citis budes mi miag mi miag 

agno ag no (iakobi). 

amdenad, am zmnaTa I Kalibis paradigma (Cveni masalis mixedviT) 

naklulia, IV Kalibisa ki _ sruli: 

gava-qer-(i) 

gaa-qer-(i) 

º 

º 

gava-qr-e 

gaa-qr-e 

gaa-qr-o 

amitom, IV Kalibis paradigmis III piris forma kisrulobs I Kalibis 

paradigmis Sesabamisi wevris rolsac: Se Sevi Se 

vi viZel vi Zel _ Se SeiZel Se 

Zel _ 

Se SeiZ Se 

iZ iZlo 

lo; lo am SemTxvevaSic `Sereuli paradigma~ warmoiqmneba. 

24 24....6666. 24 24 . . . da davde da davdevi 

vde vdevi 

vi vi º º º º davde da da davde 

vde vde tipis ti ti tipis 

pis pis para pa pa para 

rale rale 

lelur lelur 

lur lur 


maTa maTa 


saxeb saxeb 

xeb xeb 

qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi da orTografiuli leqsikonebi 

(qegl; v. Tofuria, i. gigineiSvili, 1998) paralelur, kanonzomier 

formebad warmogvidgens debs debs zmnis wKvetilis mesame pirSi 

dadva º dado formebs. 

samecniero literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom àxali qarTulis 

dialeqtebSi gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia v-sa (umetesad 

← …) da aa-s 

a SerwKma, romelic o-s iZleva (Tva Tva Tvali Tva li → To Toli To Toli 

li, li , 

385

386 


cxva cxvari cxva ri → cxo cxori cxo cxori 

ri, ri , gval gvalva gval 

va → gol golva gol golva 

va, va , su suams su ams → soms soms... soms soms ... id idva id va → 

ido ido da sxva (i. imnaiSvili, 1971, gv. 137). mosazrebis Tanaxmad 

da dado da 

do dialeqturi variantia da dadva da 

dva formisa. am zmnis wKvetilis 

I da II piris formad da davde da 

vde vdevi vde vi _ da dade da 

de devi de vi ivaraudeba. amgvarad, 

paradigma aseT saxes iGebs: 

dav dav-dev dav dev dev-i dev 

da da-dev da 

dev dev-i dev 

da da-dv da 

dv dv-a dv a → da da-do da do 

da, amdenad, iKo iKo zmnis gverdiT dgeba. amgvari Tvalsazrisis 

mixedviT, saliteraturo enaSi dadasturebuli da davde da 

vde vde-da vde da dade da de 

formebi (Seni xaTriT gavwire Tavi da da davde da 

vde sicocxle sasworze 

_ o. iosel.; qudi mand da dade da 

de da Sen aq daJeq _ n. Siuk. ...) kvalificirdeba 

rogorc da davde da 

vde vdevi 

vi, vi , da dade da 

de devi de vi formaTa fonetikuri, vmokvecili, 

variantebi. vfiqrobT, SeiZleba sakiTxi dazustdes: 

gansaxilvel zmnaSi Zireulad d-s gamoKofen (arn. Ciqobava, 

1938, gv. 270). e da davde da vde formaSi -ev ev formantis Tanxmovanmokvecili 

variantia, magram amjamad igi wKvetilis mawarmoeblad gaiazreba 

iseve, rogorc im zmnebSi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo IV 

Kalibs. Tavdapirvelad fonetikur niadagze warmoqmnili o (dad- 

va → dad-o) aseve subieqturi mesame piris niSnad iqna gaazrebuli; 

amdenad, Zveli (I Kalibis) paradigmis gverdiT axali (IV Kalibis) 

paradigma CamoKalibda: 

dav-dev dev dev-(i) dev 

da-dev dev dev-(i) dev 

da-dv dv dv-a dv 

Sdr.: ava ava-gev ava 

gev 

aa aa-gev aa 

gev 

aa aa-gv aa 

gv gv-a gv 

º 

º 

º 

dav dav-d-e dav 

da da-d-e da 

da da-d-o da 

ava ava-g-e ava 

aa aa-g-e aa 

aa aa-g-o aa 

Tu meore SemTxvevaSi amosavali (I Kalibis) paradigma istoriis 

kuTvnilebaa, da davde da 

vde vdevi vde vi º º da davde da vde zmnam orive Kalibis paradigma 

Semogvinaxa da paralelur, Tanabaruflebian formebad gvevlineba. 

da dadva da 

dva º da dado da 

do paralelur formaTa gamoKenebas erTsa da imave 

mweralTan zogJer stiluri elferi dahkravs: 

gigom wigni magidaze da dasdva da 

sdva (d. kld.). 

gigom amis gamo gada gadasdo gada sdo wasvla (iqve).


o xmovnis asonansi Cans meore SemTxvevaSi gada gadasdo gada sdo formis xmarebis 

mizezi (saerTod, bgerweris sakiTxebi d. kldiaSvilis 

prozaSi sagangebo KuradGebas iqcevs). 

rac iTqva subieqturi mesame piris paralelur formaTa 

Sesaxeb, igive daskvna unda gavrceldes maTi Sesabamisi pirveli 

da meore subieqturi piris formaTa mimarTac: da davde da 

vde vdevi vde vi º º º da- 

da 

vde vde, vde , da dade da dade 

devi de vi º º da dade da 

de aseve kanonzomieri, Tanabaruflebiani formebia 

(qarTuli enis ganmartebiT da orTografiul leqsikoneb- 

Si, samwuxarod, subieqturi I da II piris paraleluri formebi 

araa warmodgenili, sayiroebas ki vgrZnobT). 

24 24....7777. 24 24 . . . darga dar dar darga 

ga ga º º º º darrrrgo da da da go go go tipis ti ti tipis 

pis pis para pa pa para 

rale rale 

lelu lelu 

luri luri 

ri ri forme for for forme 

mebi mebi 

bi bi 

samecniero literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom subieqturi mesame 

piris formebs paralelurad, -a da -o sufiqsebiT, iwarmoeben 

Semdegi zmnebi: dar darga dar ga º dar dargo dar 

go go, go , morwKa º º morwKo morwKo, morwKo 

, mi miuzGa mi 

uzGa º 

º 

mi miuzGo mi 

uzGo uzGo, uzGo , da daar da daar 

arTa ar Ta º da daar da 

ar arTo ar To (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 430; a. oniani, 

1978, gv. 60). amaT rigSi unda Cadges: momka º momko, ganerTxa º 

ganerTxo, damwKsa º damwKso, dauxSa º dauxSo, daixrCva º daixrCo... 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna am or ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi paralelizmi pirvel 

seriaSicaa dadasturebuli: da daux da 

ux uxSavs 

Savs º da daux da 

ux uxSobs 

Sobs, Sobs , 

da daix da 

ix ixrCve ixrCve 

rCveba rCve ba º da daix da 

ix ixrCo 

rCoba 

ba. ba . -o sufiqsiani wKvetili 

-ob ob ob TemisniSnian formaTa Sesabamisadaa miCneuli. 

I seriis formaTa paralelizmi ar Cans ganmsazGvreli 

da daux da 

ux uxSa ux Sa º da daux da 

ux uxSo 

So, 

, da daix da 

ix ixrCva ix rCva º da daix da 

ix ixrCo ix rCo 

paralelur formaTa arsebobisa. aqac wKvetilis 

warmoebis TaviseburebasTan gvaqvs saqme, es zmnebi 

gansaxilvel zmnaTa rigSi dgeba... 

subieqtur mesame pirSi paralelur formaTa arsebobis axsna 

-a da -o sufiqsTa Tavisufali monacvleobiT gayirdeba (Sdr. 

a. oniani, 1978, gv. 60). dar darga dar dar ga da dar dargo dar dar go sxvadasxva paradigmis wevrebia: 

-a sufiqsiani II Kalibis formaa, -o sufiqsiani _ IV Kalibisa: 

dav-rg rg rg-i rg 

da-rg rg rg-i rg 

da-rg rg rg-a rg 

º 

º 

º 

dav-rg rg rg-e rg 

da-rg rg rg-e rg 

da-rg rg rg-o 

rg 

387

388 


samwerlobo enaSi Kvela forma dasturdeba: 

me gadmo gadmovrgi 

gadmo vrgi miwaze Kvavili (y. lomT.). 

ukrainaSi gada gadargi gada rgi leqsi da moaSene qarTuli baGi (s. 

Ciq.). 

kacad maSin xar saqebi, Tu es wesi wesad darge darge (ilia). 

vazi gadmorga gadmorga (qegl). 

erTxel bavSvobisas mamas surda SeefurCqna vardis 

patara Cirgvebi, romlebic dargo dargo amaswinaT Tavis baG- 

CaSi (iakobi). 

subieqturi mesame piris -a da -o sufiqsiani formebi samwerlo 

enaSi TiTqmis Tanabari sixSiriT gvxvdeba; es faqti 

`qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSic~ iCens Tavs: rg Ziris 

Semcvel zmnebTan wKvetilis formebi warmodgenilia rogorc -a, 

iseve -o sufiqsiT: dar darga dar darga 

ga, ga , gada gadarga gada 

rga rga, rga , mi miar mi 

ar arga arga 

ga, ga , gadmo gadmorga gadmo 

rga rga, rga , Semo Semorga Semo 

rga rga, rga , 

gada gadaur gada gadaur 

urga 

ga _ _ Semo Semoar Semo 

ar argo 

go, 

, Ca Cargo Ca 

rgo rgo, rgo , war wargo war 

go go, go , Se Sergo Se 

rgo rgo, rgo , da daur da 

ur urgo 

go, go , wa waur wa 

ur urgo urgo 

go. go 

mdgomareoba TiTqmis aseTivea am tipis sxva zmnaTa SemTxvevaSic: 

awKa awKa, awKa , dawKa dawKa, dawKa , auwKa auwKa, auwKa , mi miiwKa mi miiwKa 

iwKa, iwKa magram aiwKo aiwKo, aiwKo , amowKo amowKo, amowKo , gamo gamouwKo gamo gamouwKo 

uwKo... uwKo ... 

mo momka mo 

mka mka, mka , gada gadamka gada gadamka 

mka, mka , mo moum mo 

um umka 

ka, ka magram da damko da damko 

mko, mko , mo moim mo 

im imko 

ko, ko , mo moum mo 

um umko 

ko... ko ... 

vfiqrobT, gansaxilvel zmnaTa subieqturi mesame piris paralelur 

formaTa arsebobas -a da -o sufiqsebiT amgvari axsna 

unda mieces Kvela SemTxvevaSi. 

22224444....8888. . . . Se SevatKve Se SevatKve 

vatKve vatKve º º º º SevatKe Se Se SevatKe 

vatKe vatKe tipis ti ti tipis 

pis pis forma for for forma 

maTa maTa 


saxeb saxeb 

xeb xeb 

aris erTi Jgufi zmnebisa, romlebic wKvetilis mxolobiTi 

ricxvis I da II da mravlobiTi ricxvis Kvela piris formaSi paraleluri 

variantebiT warmogvidgeba. paralelizms fuZis bolokiduri 

-v v Tanxmovnis qona-arqona Seapirobebs: da davax da 

vax vaxrCve vax rCve º 

da davax da 

vax vaxrCe 

rCe, rCe , Se SevatKve Se 

vatKve º Se SevatKe Se 

vatKe vatKe, vatKe , da davam da davam 

vamxve vam xve º º º da davam da davam 

vamxe 

xe, xe , mo movawKve mo 

vawKve º º 

º 

mo movawKe mo 

vawKe vawKe, vawKe , gamo gamova gamo gamova 

vacxve va cxve º º ga gamova ga 

va vacxe 

cxe... cxe ... 

gaxsoms erTxel abanoSi kinaGam hauzSi da damax da 

max maxrCe 

rCe? rCe 

(a. cag.). 

da daax da 

ax axrCveT ax rCveT Cqara! (g. Sarv.). 

da daem da 

em emxe em Zirsa, daaxale miwasa Subli (o. Cx.). 

da daem da 

em emxe 

xe, xe kalo daloce (s. Ciq.). 

Sen mo moawKe mo 

awKe mkiTxavisagan wamlis motana (v. barn.).


me ki ubralod ar msurs gagSorde, rogorme ucxod mo- 

miwKve miwKve miwKve bolo (s. Ciq.). 

da daacxeT da 

cxeT lavaSebi? (v. barn.). 

puric gamo gamoacxves 

gamo cxves (s. SanS.). 

`Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebis~ mixedviT, 

fuZiseuli v daculi unda iqnes `namKo ZiriTadis mxoloobiTi 

ricxvis I da II da mravlobiTi ricxvis Kvela piris 

formebSi im zmnebSi, romlebic TurmeobiT pirvelSi (kiTxvaze: 

ra uqnia?) v bgeras warmogvidgenen fuZeSi~ (normebi, 1970, gv. 

15). am wesis Sesabamisad marTebulia formebi: da davax da 

vax vaxrCve 

rCve, rCve , Se- Se 

vatKve vatKve, vatKve , da davam da davam 

vamxve 

xve, xve , mo movawKve mo 

vawKve vawKve, vawKve , gamo gamova gamo 

va vacxve 

cxve, cxve , da davaT da 

vaT vaTvre vaTvre 

vre, vre , ga gaval ga 

val valxve 

xve, xve , da- 

vas vasve vas vasve 

ve, ve , mi mivan mi 

van vandve 

dve, dve , viGrZve GrZve GrZve, 

, da daval da 

val valtve val tve da sxva. 

Kvela warmodgenili zmna IV Kalibisaa da Sesabamisad subieqtur 

mesame pirSi -o sufiqsi aqvs. fuZiseuli v subieqtur mesame 

pirSi ar Cans. es faqti da isic, rom Kvela maTgani -ob ob TemisniSniani 

zmnaa, ris gamoc v I seriis formebSic ar aris warmodgenili, 

gaxda mizezi da davax da 

vax vaxrCe 

rCe, 

, Se SevitKe Se 

vitKe tipis formaTa gaCenisa 

_ analogiis moqmedeba aSkaraa. 

es zmnebi interess sxva mxrivac aGZravs: rogorc aGvniSneT, 

subieqturi mesame piris mxolobiT ricxvSi -o sufiqsi gvaqvs, v 

gauCinarebulia. sakiTxis orgvarad dasma aris SesaZlebeli: a) o 

subieqturi mesame piris -a sufiqsisa da fuZiseuli v Tanxmovnis 

SerwKmis Sedegia da b) fuZiseuli v ikargeba momdevno -o sufiqsis 

win. Cven sarwmunod da damaJereblad migvaCnia mosazreba, 

romlis mixedviTac `qarTulSi arsebuli formebi aoristisa, sadac 

I da II pirSi zmnis fuZeSi v v gvaqvs, xolo III pirSi ki igi ar 

Cans S3-is o-s win (an kavSirebiTis -o-s win), va va-s va an ve ve-s ve SerwKmaze 

ki ar migviTiTeben, aramed imaze, rom v-s uyirs o-s win ga- 

Zleba. v ufro Zlebs o-s win, Tu mas xmovani uZGvis win. aq 

gvaqvs Tavisufali varirebis SemTxvevebi~ (b. gigineiSvili, z. sarJvelaZe, 

1973, gv. 83). am mosazrebas mxars uyers is faqti, rom 

gansaxilvel zmnaTa saKrdeni Zireuli morfema Kvela SemTxvevaSi 

umarcvloa da wKvetili -e sufiqsiT iwarmoeba, rac TavisTavad 

pirobaa subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqsis gamovlenisa. warmodgenil 

mosazrebasTan dakavSirebiT dazustebas moiTxovs debuleba, 

rom `/v/ fonemis momdevno poziciaSi arc erT SemTxveva- 

Si ar dasturdeba /o/, aq KovelTvis /-a/ aris warmodgenili: Sv-a, 

389

390 


ga-uSv-a, da-wv-a (man is) da sxv.~ (a. oniani, 1978, gv. 59). v ki ar 

gansazGvravs -o-s gamovlenas, aramed -o-s arseboba ganapirobebs 

v-s Kofna-arKofnas am tipis zmnaTa subieqturi mesame piris 

formebSi. 

22224444....9999. . . . Ta Tavi Ta Tavi 

vise vise 

sebu sebu 

bure bure 

reba reba 

ba ba uambobs uam uam uambobs 

bobs bobs zmnis zmnis zmnis zmnis wKveti wKve wKve wKveti 

tili tili 

lissss li formi for for formi 

misa misa 

sa sa 

subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqsis gamovlenis erT-erTi 

piroba umarcvlo fuZis mqoneobaa. iseT SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa 

uam uambo uam uambo 

bo, bo , es piroba darGveuli Cans: saKrdeni Zireuli morfema am 

SemTxvevaSi marcvlovania: amb amb (← ambav). am zmnis `sawKisia `mboba~. 

mosalodneli iKo àmboba~, radganac nawarmoebia àmbav~ 

sitKvisagan (romlis ukanaskneli Tanxmovani dakargulia bagismieri 

Tanxmovnebis mezoblobaSi: vambv-ob), magram a qcevis niSnad 

iqna gagebuli da sawKisSi CamoSorda~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 31). 

TiTqosda moulodnelia qcevis niSnis momdevno xmovnis (v-u-ambe) 

qcevis niSnadve gaazreba (saobieqto qcevis u prefiqsis momdevnod 

neitraluri qcevis a prefiqsad miCneva fuZiseuli xmovnisa), 

radgan erTi da imave rangis ori morfema ar SeiZleba iqnes 

warmodgenili formaSi. 

magram es mainc sagangebo SemTxvevaa da bevri ram axsnas moiTxovs: 

pirian formebSi a ueyvelad fuZiseulad gaiazreba: 

u-amb-ob-s, u-amb-o, u-amb-ia... 

amgvari Ziris mqone zmnebma wKvetili III KalibiT unda iwarmoos: 

v-u-amb amb amb-e amb 

u-amb amb amb-e amb 

da Sesabamisad III piris forma unda iKos u-amb amb amb-a. amb msgavsi formebi 

xalxur poeziaSi dasturdeba: 

`dadeq, nafoto, miambe megobris SemonaTvali; 

dadga nafotma mi mimam mi mimam 

mamba 

ba... ba ... (xalx.). teqsti xizabavraSia Cawerili, 

Tumca ZiriTadad o sufiqsiani variantia gavrcelebeli: 

uamb uamb-o. uamb 

SeiZleba amgvari varaudis daSvebac: -o fuZiseuli v Tanxmovnis 

subieqturi mesame piris -a sufiqsTan SerwKmis produq- 

tia: mi miam mi 

am ambo am bo ← mi miambva mi mbva mbva. mbva Semdeg moxda o sufiqsTan gaazreba.


namKo ZiriTadis -e formanti da subieqturi mesame piris -o 

saKrden morfemad umarcvlo Zirs varaudobs. es gaxda mizezi 

amb amb amb Ziriseuli a xmovnis araZireuli gaazrebisa. 

22224444....10 10 10. 10. 

. . val val val val zmnis zmnis zmnis zmnis wKveti wKve wKve wKveti 

tilis tilis 

lis lis forma for for forma 

maTa maTa 


saxeb saxeb 

xeb xeb 

wKvetilis warmoebis Cven mier ganxilul KalibebSi ver 

Tavsdeba da Tavisebur viTarebas gviCvenebs val val zmna, romlis Sesaxebac 

sagangebod gvinda vimsJeloT. 

aGniSnuli zmna fuZemonacvlea. sxvadasxva mwkrivSi sxvadasxva 

fuZea gamoKenebuli: val val _ ved ved/ ved vid vid _ di (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 

506). `meore seriis formebi ved ved-vid ved vid fuZezea daKrdnobili. 

amaTgan ved ved ved I-lisa da me-2 piris formebs awarmoebs [da brZanebiTisasac, 

magram ukanaskneli forma Zalian daSorebulia pirvan- 

dels: mo-ved → mo-ed-(i) → mo-di]. me-3 piris forma da ori 

sxva mwkrivisa ki vid vid vid fuZes iKenebs (romelic variantia vedisa): 

movide, movidi~ (iqve, gv. 507). 

gansaxilveli zmna ramdenime Taviseburebas avlens: 

1. ved ved/ ved vid erTaderTi fuZea, romelmac meore seriis formebSi 

subieqturi meore piris niSnad x- prefiqsi Semogvinaxa: 

mo-x-ved(i), mo-x-vid-e. miuTiTeben, rom am prefiqsis Semonaxvisa- 

Tvis SesaZloa fonetikur garemocvas SeewKo xeli (i. qavTaraZe, 

1954, gv. 170). es varaudi imasac gulisxmobs, rom gamoricxuli 

ar aris x- prefiqsis Semonaxvis xelisSemwKobi sxva faqtorebis 

arsebobac (Koveli SemTxvevisaTvis, kiTxvaze _ imave fonetikur 

garemocvaSi sxva zmnasTan ratom ar Semogvenaxa x- prefiqsi _ 

pasuxi gasacemia). 

2. saerTod, zmnis fuZiseuli e xmovani sxvadasxva Jgufis 

zmnasTan sxvadasxvagvar Tvisebas avlens: a) Kvela mwkrivis formebSi 

ucvleladaa warmodgenili: vwer-vwere-miweria, vZerwavvZerwe-miZerwavs... 

b) I seriis formebSi dadasturebul e xmovans 

II seriis formebSi i i xmovani enacvleba vdrek-vdrike, vgrex-vgrixe... 

g) erTi tipis zmnebSi fuZiseuli e mxolod wKvetilis I da 

II piris formebSia warmodgenili; imave mwkrivis III pirisa da 

sxva mwkrivTa formebSi fuZe nulovani gaxmovanebiTaa warmodgenili: 

gavyeri-gayeri-gayra, yris, gayras... fuZeSi e xmovnis Semcveli 

Kvela zmna zemowarmodgenili sami Jgufidan romelime 

391

392 


erT-erTs miekuTvneba. gamonakliss qmnis mxolod ved ved zmna. es 

es 

er erTa er 

Ta Tader 

derTi der Ti fu fuZea fu 

Zea Zea, Zea , sa sadac sa dac xmo xmovan xmo 

van vanmo 

monac 

nacvle 

vleoba vle ba ee/ 

e 

i i i er erTi er Ti mwkri mwkrivis mwkri 

vis 

for formeb for formeb 

mebSi meb Si xde xdeba xde 

ba ba: ba I da II piris formebSi e gaxmovanebiTaa warmodgenili, 

III pirs formaSi _ i gaxmovanebiT: 

wa-ved ved ved-(i) ved 

wax-ved ved ved-(i) ved 

wa-vid id id-a id 

wa-ved ved ved-i-T ved 

wax-ved ved ved-i-T ved 

wa-vid vid vid-nen vid 

e/ i xmovanTmonacvleoba fonetikur niadagze ixsneba: xdeba 

nawilobrivi reduqcia (b. JorbenaZe, 1980, gv. 145). axal qar- 

TulSi es erTaderTi SemTxvevaa I Kalibis zmnebTan, roca saKrdeni 

morfemiseuli xmovani amgvar cvlilebs ganicdis (Zvel 

qarTulSi u xmovnian Zireul morfemebSi msgavsi SemTxvevebi 

dasturdeba: v-Tqu _ Tq…-a, v-su _ s…-a...). ved ved/ ved vid zmna am 

mxrivac gamonakliss qmnis. gamonaklisis wesis farglebSi moqceva 

dialeqtebma cada: ayarulsa da imerxeulSi am zmnis paradigma 

aseT saxes iGebs: 

(we)-ved ved ved-i ved 

(wax)-ved ved ved-i ved 

(we)-vd vd vd-a vd 

saKrdenma morfemiseulma xmovanma sruli reduqcia ganicada. 

Sdr.: 

gav-yer yer yer-i yer 

ga-yer yer yer-i yer 

ga-yr yr yr-a yr 

sxva amgvari SemTxveva ar dadasturda. 

3. rogorc cnobilia, warTqmiTi brZanebiTi meore pirisa 

wKvetilis formebs iKenebs: ga gaake ga ke keTe 

Te! 

! da dawe da dawe 

were 

re! 

! ga gaiqe ga qe qeci 

ci... 

... Zvel qar- 

TulSi wKvetilis II piris sruli forma gamoiKeneboda brZanebi- 

Tis gamosaxatavad am zmnasTanac, rac axal qarTulSic iCens 

Tavs arqaizmis saxiT: `gan gan ganve 

vedi ve di Cemgan, ho, macTuro, sulo boroto!~ 

(n. bar. 286); magram, rogorc miuTiTeben, amjamad brZanebi- 

Tis ZiriTadi formaa gad gad-i, gad 

, wa wa-di wa 

di (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 177). 

es faqti samecniero literaturaSi amgvarad ixsneba: `ved 

1-li da me-2 piris formebs awarmoebs (da brZanebiTisasac, mag-


ram ukanaskneli forma Zalian daSorebulia pirvandels: mo-ved 

→ mo-ed-(i) → mo-d(i)~... (iqve, gv. 507). amgvar axsnas ramdenime 

winaaGmdegoba axlavs: 

a) mo mo-di mo 

di formaSi i imave rigis elementad gaiazreba, rac 

mov mov-kal mov kal kal-(i) kal tipis zmnebTan gvaqvs. I Kalibis formebSi -i elementi 

nulTan monacvlea. axal qarTulSi es (nulTan monacvleoba 

-i elementisa) swored brZanebiTis formebSi xdeba ZiriTadad 

(ix. $ 11). mo modi mo di forma Cveulebriv i-s gareSe ar gvxvdeba. am 

mxriv es -i ufro meore Kalibis zmnebTan damowmebul -i elements 

esadageba, Tu, ra Tqma unda, misi gamonawerveba saerTod 

SesaZlebelia. 

b) ufro arsebiTi xasiaTis dabrkolebad gveCveneba is faqti, 

rom zmnuri fuZis gamartivebisas cveTa, mokveca Cveulebriv 

bolokidur pozicias exeba. mosalodneli iKo swored amgvari 

cvlileba (Sdr.: wavgrZeldi da wa wave wa 

ve grZelad _ vefx. 445). ved ved/ ved 

vid fuZiseuli v-s dakargvis SemTxvevebi Zvel qarTulSic dasturdeba 

(i. qavTaraZe, 1954 ) da qarTul dialeqtebSic (Zv. 

qarT.: mo moed mo 

ed da Semomideg _ l, C. 18, 22; kaxuri, fSauri: mo moi- mo 

da da...), da 

magram sagulisxmoa is, rom v Kvela SemTxvevaSi mo zmniswinis 

momdevno poziciaSi uCinardeba, a-xmovnian zmniswinTa momdevnod 

SenarCunebulia; Tu mainc davuSvebT amgvar SesaZleblobas 

(mo mo mo zmniswinian formaTa analogiad miviCnevT sxva zmniswinian 

formebSi v-s dakargvas), auxsneli dagvrCeba mo mo-ed mo 

ed ed-(i) ed 

formaSi e-s dakargva _ saamiso fonetikuri safuZveli ara Cans. 

amdenad, eyvqveS dgeba amgvari varaudis daSveba. 

brZanebiTis formebSi damowmebuli di masalobrivad igivea, 

rac awmKos wris mwkrivTa formebSi warmodgenili fuZe _ miv- 

di di-var di / mi-di di di-s. di magram niSnavs ki masalobrivad msgavseba genetur 

igiveobas? sainteresoa is faqtic, rom imave awmKoSi di di 

fuZis paralelurad mKofadisaTvis Cveulebriv val val (wa-val) fu- 

Zec gamoiKeneba: mi mival mi 

val val-mi val mi mixval 

xval-mi xval mi miva miva 

va. va rogorc Cans, fu fuZe fu 

Ze ZeTa Ze Ta gada gadana gada gadana 

na- na 

wi wile wi wile 

lebis le bis pro proce pro proce 

cesi si grZel grZelde grZel grZelde 

deba 

ba, ba rac TavisTavad sainteresoa. brZanebiTis 

meore pirisa da awmKos formaTa fuZeebis identurobaze 

gadayriT raimes Tqmas isic aZnelebs, rom ara gvaqvs sxva SemTxveva 

brZanebiTSi awmKos fuZis gamoKenebisa. 

4. rogorc qveviT vnaxavT, brZanebiTis formebSi fuZeTa 

cveTa, bolokiduris mokveca axali qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebe- 

393

394 


li movlenaa. ved ved/ ved vid vid vid zmna aqac Taviseburia: erTaderTi SemTxvevaa, 

roca zmniswini zmnuri formis funqciiT gamodis: wa 

(← wadi), ga (←gadi), mo (←modi)... amgvari faqtebi, Tumca iSviaTad, 

magram Zvel qarTulSic dasturdeba: 

xolo aw aw mo mo da mivideT misa (i. C. II, 15). 

5. ved ved/ ved vid ZiriTadi fuZea wKvetilisaTvis, Tumca mis paralelurad 

I da II piris formebSi vel vel fuZec gamoiKeneba: movel, 

moxvel (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 587). faqti Zvelsave qarTulSi iGebs 

saTaves (i. qavTaraZe, 1954, gv. 174). miuTiTeben, rom ed ed/ ed 

id id, id , el 

damoukidebeli zmnuri afiqsebia (iqve, gv. 170). ved ved da vel vel er- 

Ti mniSvnelobis dialeqturi warmonaqmnebia (i. qavTaraZe, 1954, 

gv. 174). 

sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom vel vel fuZe mxolod I da II pirisaTvisaa 

gamoKenebuli, paradigmis mesame wevri vid fuZiTaa warmodgenili: 

mo-vel vel 

mo-x-vel vel 

mo-vid vid vid-a vid 

vfiqrobT, SesaZloa im varaudis daSveba, rom am SemTxveva- 

Si wKvetilis I da II piris ved ved fuZe I seriis val val fuZis analogiiT 

vel vel variantad warmogvidga. mesame piris formaSi vid fu- 

Zis arseboba amis xelSesaxeb faqtad unda miviCnioT. Sdr.: dav- 

weq weq, weq da da-weq weq magram da-wv wv wv-a, wv dav-Jeq Jeq Jeq, Jeq da-Jeq Jeq Jeq, Jeq magram da-Jd Jd Jd-a; Jd analogias 

av avdeq av 

deq deq-adeq deq adeq adeq-ad adeq ad adga ad ga zmnisas mxolod I da II piris formebi 

daeqvemdebara. 

24 24....11 24 24 11 11.... 11 fu fuZe fu fuZe 

ZeTa ZeTa 

Ta Ta bolo bo bo bolo 

loki loki 

kidu kidu 

duris duris 

ris ris mokve mo mo mokve 

kveca kveca 

ca ca wKvetil wKve wKve wKvetilSi 

til tilSi 

Si Si 

wKvetilis formaTa erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebureba 

aris fuZeTa bolokiduris mokveca. movlena exeba ZiriTadad meore 

subieqturi piris formebs, isic warTqmiT brZanebiTSi (l. 

kvayaZe, 1981, gv. 238); da daxe da 

xe xe (← daxede), ga gaswi ga swi (← gaswie), momKe 

momKe 

(← momKevi), ga game ga 

me meca me ca (← gamecale), mo moica mo ca (← moicade), daaKe daaKe daaKe (← 

daaKene) da sxva; 

da daxeT da 

xeT xeT, xeT rogorc mousva, ukan aGarc ixedeba (T. bib.).


ga gaswi ga 

swi swi, swi merano, Sens yenebas ar aqvs samZGvari (n. bar.). 

modiT, momKeT momKeT, momKeT Tu guli gerCiT (o. Cx.). 

ga game ga 

me meca 

ca, ca viro, nu meGriJebi (ilia). 

ho, ver micvnia, vera-meTqi, Tumca mo moica mo 

ca (o. Cx.). 

ilos fafa mainc mo mome mo 

me (T. yil. 53). 

kargi, daaKe daaKe eg Conguri, ra mogivida (T. bib. 41). 

eg raGa saxumaroa, ge gena ge gena 

nacvaT na vaT (iqve). 

waiKvaT waiKvaT da CaabareT (g. Sar.). 

miuTiTeben, rom `Sekvecis mizezia Zlieri dinamikuri maxvili, 

romelic zmnis formas TavSi moudis~ (l. kvayaZe, 1981, gv. 

238). formas moekveceba, Cveulebriv, bolo marcvali _ odenxmovnis 

Semcveli (-i an -e) an Tanxmovnisa da xmovnis Semcveli 

(Tanxmovani Zireulia). subieqturi meore piris mravlobiTobis 

SemTxvevaSi -T sufiqsi mokvecil formas daerTvis. marcvlis mokveca 

xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac wKvetilis formis 

saKrdeni morfema Zireulia. sufiqsuri saKrdeni morfemis mqone 

formaTa Sekveca ar xdeba: doniani vnebiTebi, SualobiTi kontaqtis 

formebi Kvela SemTxvevaSi sruladaa warmodgenili. maSasadame, 

morfologiuri daniSnulebis mqone elementTa mokveca sa- 

Tanado funqciis gauCinarebas gamoiwvevda. ga gaswi ga gaswi 

swi (← gaswi-e) tipis 

formaTa -e e sufiqsis mokveca amave Sedegs (-e sufiqsis funqciis 

gauCinarebas) ar iwvevs: II piris warTqmiTi brZanebiTi mxolod 

wKvetilis formas gamoiKenebs. mawarmoeblis mokvecis SemTxvevaSic 

araa mosalodneli wKvetilis formis gauazrebloba. 

22224444....11112222. . . . vvvv----s s s s saki sa sa saki 

kiTxi kiTxisa 

Txi Txisa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis ----ev ev ev ev sufiq su su sufiqsi 

fiq fiqsi 

sian sian 


Ta Ta formmmmeb for for for eb ebSi ebSi 

Si Si 

wKvetilis da, saerTod, meore seriis formebSi Taviseburebas 

avlens -ev ev sufiqsiani zmnebi. rogorc cnobilia, -ev ev sufiqsi 

e gaxmovanebiT awmKosa da misgan nawarmoeb formebSia warmodgenili 

(angr-ev ev ev-s, ev ngr-ev ev ev-a, ev mngr-ev ev ev-eli...); ev xolo meore seriis 

formebSi i i gaxmovanebiT (daangr-i(v)-a, daangr-i(v)-os...). II seriis 

formebSi ev ev/ ev 

iv iv sufiqsi kidev erT Taviseburebas avlens: ikargeba 

sufiqsis TanxmovniTi nawili: daangr-i-a ← daangr-iv-a. 

sruli saxiT II seriis formebSi -iv iv sufiqsi dialeqtebma 

395

396 


Semogvinaxes. sakmaod xSiria amgvari formebi XIX saukunis mweralTa 

enaSic: 

muxTlad gvawvies, da dagvax da 

gvax gvaxvi 

vives vi ves Tavs bnelni burni 

(a. yavy.). 

ymunvaman mZli mZliva mZli mZliva 

va, va , gan ganmi gan 

mi mili 

liva li va Kovlni Goneni (iqve). 

ga gaiq ga 

iq iqni 

niva ni va Tavi iseTis GimiliT, TiTqos xumrobaSi atarebso 

am saqmes (ilia). 

gulman Zalian ga gauwi ga 

wi wiva wi va iqiT (iqve). 

kapasobiT ga gaaq ga 

aq aqni 

niva 

va, va eSmakurad kudis wveri (r. erisT.). 

binaT es burJi ir irCi ir irCi 

Cives 

ves, ves rom Tvalsa miscen rulia (iqve). 

cot-cotasa wrupavda, magram mainc mo moeri mo 

ri riva ri va (vaja). 

didebulo moxuco, maq maqci maq maqci 

cive ci ve arwivad (iqve). 

rogorc vTqviT, amjamad msgavs formebSi v Tanxmovani intervokalur 

poziciaSi gauCinarebulia. es faqti imitomac 

aGZravs interess, rom sxva SemTxvevebSi (asec fiqroben) imave 

mwkrivis formebSi xdeba v-s CarTva xmovanTgasaKarad. mxedvelobaSi 

gvaqvs xmovanfuZiani saxelebisagan warmoebuli zmnuri formebi: 

daaxurda-v-a, gaaxe-v-a, daaaxlo-v-a... e. i. erT SemTxvevaSi 

xdeba v-s dakargva da warmoiqmneba xmovanTkompleqsi, xolo meore 

SemTxvevaSi warmoqmnili xmovanTkompleqsis gasaTiSad Caer- 

Tvis vini. ra unda iKos am ori, urTierTsawinaaGmdego, procesis 

mizezi, moepoveba Tu ara am procesebs fonetikuri safuZveli, 

raime saerTo kanonzomiereba? 

vfiqrobT, ki. kerZod, qar qarTu qar 

Tu Tuli 

lisa 

saTvis sa Tvis bu buneb bu 

neb nebri nebri 

rivi ri vi da da da dama da mama 

xa xasi xa 

si siaTe si Te Tebe 

beli be li Cans ise iseTi ise 

Ti xmo xmovan xmo 

van vanTkop van kop kopleq 

leqse 

sebi, se , rom romlis rom romlis 

lis pir pirve pir pirve 

veli ve li 

wev wevri wev ri maq maqsi maq 

si sima sima 

malu 

lurad lu rad viw viwroa viw 

roa roa, roa , mo momdev mo momdev 

mdevno mdev no _ Se Seda Se 

da dare 

rebiT re biT far farTo far 

To To. To . 

vi vini vi ni ikar ikarge ikar 

ge geba ge ba im Se SemTxve Se 

mTxve mTxveva 

vaSi vaSi 

Si, Si , ro roca ro 

ca mi misi mi si da dakar da 

kar kargvis gvis Se Sede Se 

de degad de gad am- 

gva gvari gva 

ri (maqsimalurad viwro + SedarebiT farTo) kom kompleq kom kompleq 

pleqsi pleq si 

warmo warmoiq warmo warmoiq 

iqmne iqmne 

mneba 

ba; ba sxva SemTxvevaSi KovelTvis daculia. ufro metic, 

vi vini vi ni ga gaTi ga 

Ti TiSavs Savs iseT xmo xmovan xmo 

van vanTkom van kom kompleq 

pleqsebs 

sebs, sebs , rom romlis rom 

lis lis pir pirve pir 

ve veli ve li wev wevri wev ri 

araa araa araa maq maqsi maq maqsi 

sima 

malu 

lurad lu rad viw viwro viw viwro 

ro. ro 

im debulebis dasamtkiceblad, rom qarTulisaTvis bunebrivia 

maq maqsi maq maqsi 

sima 

malu 

lurad lu rad viw viwro viw 

ro + + Se Seda Se 

da dare 

rebiT 

biT far farTo far To tipis xmovanTkompleqsebi, 

ramdenime sabuTis motana SeiZleba daileqtebSi moqme-


di fonetikuri procesebis gaTvaliswinebiT: 

a) zmniswiniseuli xmovnebisa da momdevno zmnuri xmovanprefiqsebis 

Sexvedrisas warmoqmnili kompleqsebi asimilaciisa da 

disimilaciis procesTa safuZvelze iswrafvian iseTi mdgomareobisaken, 

roca pirveli wevri maqsimalurad viwro iqneba: 

ae ae ae → ee ee → ie ie: ie gaegzavna → geegzavna → giegzavna 

ai ai → ei ei → ii ii: ii waiGo → weiGo → wiiGo 

au au → ou ou → uu uu: uu dauZaxa → douZaxa → duuZaxa 

oa oa → ua ua: ua : moaqvs → muaqvs 

ea ea → ia ia: ia Seebrala → Siebrala (S. ZiZiguri, 1946; g. gogolaSvili, 

1974). am TvalsazrisiT zmniswiniseul xmovanTa cvlaSi 

gamonaklisi ara gvaqvs: 

b) amgvarsave cvlilebebs ganicdis xmovanfuZian saxelTa a 

da e e bolokiduri xmovnebi mravlobiTobis -eb eb eb sufiqsiseul e 

xmovanTan Sexvedrisas: 

ae ae → ee ee ee → ie ie: ie gza-ebi → gze-ebi → gzi-ebi, frTiebi, brmiebi, 

diebi... 

ee ee → ie ie: ie kldeebi → kldiebi; saqmiebi, Griebi, dGiebi... 

msgavsi movlenebi dadasturebulia mesxur, Javaxur, ayarul, 

imerxeul, gurul dialeqtebSi (S. ZiZiguri, 1954). 

g) amave kanonzomierebis ZaliT vnebiTis e- prefiqsi fuZiseul 

a a xmovanTan Sexvedrisas viwrovdeba: 

ea eama ea 

→ ia iama, ia geaxla → giaxla 

aseve, wKvetilis -e e sufiqsi fSaurSi prosodiul a xmovnis 

darTvisas i xmovanSi gadadis: vSobea → vSobia, idGegrZelea → 

idGegrZelia, gamimrTelea → gamimrTelia (msgavsi magaliTebi 

mravlad dasturdeba vaja-fSavelas poeziaSi). 

d) movlena rom axali ar aris da damaxasiaTebeli iKo istoriulad 

qarTulisaTvis, adasturebs is, rom amgvari bgeraTcvlilebebi 

xmovanTkompleqsebSi damowmebulia saSuali qarTu- 

lis werilobiT ZeglebSi: ocdieqvsi (← ocdaeqvsi), amiebs (← 

amaebs), xatieTi (← xataeTi), ciebi (← caebi), kldieTi (← 

kldeeTi), miore (← meore) da sxva (i. qavTaraZe, 1966, gv. 318). 

amgvarad, xmovanTkompleqsebSi mimdinare fonetikuri cvlilebebis 

Sedegad viGebT viGebT iseT iseT kom kompleq kom kompleq 

pleqsebs pleqsebs 

sebs, sebs romlis pir pirve pir pirve 

veli 

li 

wev wevri wev ri maq maqsi maq 

si sima 

malu malu 

lurad lu rad viw viwroa viw viwroa 

roa; roa mo momdev mo 

mdev mdevno mdev _ Se Seda Se 

da dare 

rebiT re biT far farTo far farTo 

To. 

To 

397

398 


Kovelive es ki adasturebs im debulebas, rom qarTulisaTvis 

ufro damaxasiaTebeli da bunebrivia pirvel wevrad maqsimalurad 

viwro xmovnis Semcveli kompleqsebi. 

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, vinis gauCinareba -ev ev sufiqsian 

zmnaTa meore seriis formebSi am mizeziT aixsneba: igi dabrkolebad 

iqca warmoqmnil kompleqsSi _ iva iva, iva 

, ive ive; ive 

; vinis dakargva 

xels uwKobs bunebrivi xmovanTkompleqsis warmoqmnas. mimdinare 

procesSi vinis merKev bunebasac garkveuli roli eniyeba. 

amave kanonzomierebis ZaliT -ev ev sufiqsian zmnaTa awmKosa da saxelzmnur 

formebSi v Tanxmovnis arseboba bunebrivi Cans; eva eva, eva , 

eve eve eve kompleqsebSi v-s dakargva araa mosalodneli. ufro metic, 

nasaxelar zmnebSi vinis CarTva arabunebriv xmovanTkompleqsTa 

gasaTiSadaa gamoKenebuli: da daaxur da 

xur xurda 

da-v-a da a / da daaxur da 

xur xurda xurda 

da-v-es da es es, es , ga gaaxe ga xev-a 

a a / / ga gaaxe ga 

xe xe-v-es xe es es; es ; da daaaxlo da lo lo-v-a lo a / / da daaax da 

ax axlo 

lo-v-es lo es es... 

... 

mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom -ev ev ev sufiqsian zmnaTa meore kav- 

SirebiTSi vinis dakargvis mizezi kavSirebiTis o sufiqsia (a. 

SaniZe, 1973, gv. 403), ar Cans safuZvelsmoklebuli, Tumca SesaZlebelia 

vifiqroT, rom am procesSi garkveul rols zemowarmodgenili 

kanonzomierebac asrulebs. magram sadavod migvaCnia 

Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac wKvetilSi v-s gauCinareba II 

kavSirebiTis formaTa gavlenas miewereba (II kavSirebiTis forma- 

Ta ganzogadebis Sedegiao) (iqve, gv. 403): amgvari ram ar momxdara 

nasaxelar zmnaTa wKvetilSi, Tumca II kavSirebiTis formebSi 

v aqac ar gvxvdeba: da daabi da 

bi bina 

na-v-a, na , da daaaxlo da 

lo lo-v-a, lo magram da daabi da 

bi bina 

naos 

os, os , 

da daaaxlo da 

lo loos 

os... os 

vinis dakargva amgvar fonetikur garemoSi araa damaxasiaTebeli 

mxolod -ev ev sufiqsiani zmnebisaTvis. msgavs SemTxvevaSi 

vins kargavs iseTi saxeluri fuZeebi, rogoricaa p a t i v i: 

a p a t i a, p a t i e b a; c i v i: S e a c i a, c i e b a. vinis dakargvis 

analogiur SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme formaSi g a n T i a - 

d i ← g a n T i v a d i... 

sitKvawarmoebiTi -ian ian ian, ian , -ier ier ier sufiqsebis Tavdapirvel saxed 

iv iv-an iv an an, an iv iv-er iv er ivaraudeba. . vinis gauCinareba am sufiqsebSi zemoaGniSnuli 

kanonzomierebiT unda aixsnas. -ier ier sufiqsis SemTxvevaSi 

amis mtkicebisaTvis sagulisxmo sabuTs iZleva iseTi 

formebis arseboba, rogoricaa G o n - i i v v - r a d , g o n - i i v v - 

r u l i: saTanado fonetikuri garemocvis moSla iwvevs dakargu-


li vinis aGdgenas. 

msgavs fonetikur garemocvaSi sxva bgeraTa dakargvis SemTxvevebic 

dasturdeba: nari ikargeba SualobiTi kontaqtis for- 

mebSi _ a k e T e b i e b s (← a k e T e b i n e b s ), g a a k e T e b i a 

(← g a a k e T e b i n a ). igive safuZveli unda gaaCndes donis dakargvas 

sitKvebSi: di a s a x l i s i, d i a c i. am kompozitTa 

pirvel komponentSi amgvari fonetikuri cvlilebebi ivaraudeba: 

d e d a → d i d a → d i a (cvlilebis Kvela safexuri realurad 

dadasturebulia dialeqtebSi: meore _ Sorisdebulis funqciiT, 

bolo _ amosavali arsebiTi saxelis mniSvnelobiT). Tumca 

aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom vinis garda sxva bgeraTa dakargvis 

TiTo-orola SemTxveva dasturdeba. es TviT am bgeraTa bunebidan 

unda gamomdinareobdes. 

vinis dakargva -ev ev ev/ ev -iv iv iv sufiqsian zmnaTa meore seriis formebSi, 

da, saerTod, msgavs fonetikur garemocvaSi, moqmedi fonetikuri 

procesia. Kvela im SemTxvevaSi, roca vinis momdevno 

xmovnis pozicias Tanxmovani iyers, vini aGdgeba. mxedvelobaSi 

gvaqvs amgvari SemTxvevebi: 

gamo gamoex gamo gamoex 

exviv 

vivnen 

nen talGebSi cxeni da kaci, orive (akaki). 

magram mxedrebi moewiv wiv wivnen 

nen, nen utaces xeli cxensa (iakobi). 

riTac vis SegviZlian, imiT Se Seve Se 

ve vewiv 

wivneT 

neT, neT , gaviKvanoT es 

kaci iolad (vaja). 

stumrebi me mewviv me 

wviv wvivnen 

nen, nen fuli ara maqvs, aruTinJan (ek. 

gab.). 

namcecebs Se Seesiv Se 

siv sivnen siv nen (cisk. #5, 1976, 31). 

siKvarulma Kvelaferi isev ariv ariv-da ariv da daria da ria (m. focx.). 

24 24....13 24 24 13 13. 13. 

. . KalibTa Kalib Kalib KalibTa 


nacvle nacvleoooobi 

vle vle bi bisa bisa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis 

zeviT saubari gvqonda ramdenime tipobriv SemTxvevaze, roca 

wKvetilSi SesamCnevia formaTa paraleluri warmoeba. erTi 

da igive zmna SeiZleba paralelurad ramdenime KalibiT iwarmoebdes 

wKvetilis formebs. KalibTa monacvleobis mixedviT zmna- 

Ta ramdenime Jgufi SeiZleba gamoiKos: 

a) zmnebi, romlebic wKvetilis formebs iwarmoebs I da IV 

Kalibis mixedviT: 

399

400 


Sevi-pKar-(i) 

Sei-pKar-(i) 

Sei-pKr-a 

º 

º 

º 

Sevi-pKr-e 

Sei-pKr-e 

Sei-pKr-o 

aseve: movaswar º movaswre, gavican º gavicne da sxv. (ix. $ 245). 

b) zmnebi, romlebic wKvetilis formebs iwarmoeben I da II 

Kalibis mixedviT; mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs KalibTa ara istoriuli 

monacvleoba (mag., SeviratK _ SevirtKi, ganviraTx _ ganvir- 

Txi...), aramed iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca erTmaneTis gverdiT Tanaarsebobs 

erTi da imave zmnis I da II Kalibis mixedviT warmoebuli 

wKvetilis formebi: 

dav-Tver-(i) 

da-Tver-(i) 

da-Tvr-a 

º 

º 

º 

dav-Tvr-i 

da-Tvr-i 

da-Tvr-a 

dav-Sver-(i) 

da-Sver-(i) 

da-Svr-a 

º 

º 

º 

dav-Svr-i 

da-Svr-i 

da-Svr-a 

mag.: rJulzed da davTve da davTve 

vTveriT vTve riT erTxel (d. kld.). 

Cemi biZaSvilis niSnobaSi gaxldiT, karga davlieT... 

Zrienac da davTvri da vTvri (vaja). 

amaod da davSvri da 

vSvri da daviGale (saunJe, 1982, #6, gv. 87). 

ara Tqva, amaod TiTqos da davSve da 

vSve vSveri 

ri (lit. saq. 1983, #9, 

gv. 8). 

amgvar paralelur formebs warmogvidgens Semdegi zmnebi: 

gavwKer gavwKer(i) gavwKer º gavwKri gavwKri, gavwKri , ga gavqer ga 

vqer vqer(i) vqer º ga gavqri ga gavqri 

vqri, vqri , ga gavZex ga 

vZex vZex(i) vZex º gavZGi gavZGi... gavZGi ... ramdenadac 

I da II Kalibis zmnaTa warmoebis Tavisebureba Seapirobebs 

im faqts, rom mxolobiTi ricxvis subieqturi mesame piris 

formebSi orive SemTxvevaSi -a sufiqsi gvaqvs, formobrivi paralelizmic 

mxolod I da II piris formebTan dasturdeba. 

g) zmnebi, romlebic wKvetilis formebs iwarmoeben II da IV 

Kalibis mixedviT: 

dav-rg-i 

da-rg-i 

da-rg-a 

º 

º 

º 

dav-rg-e 

da-rg-e 

da-rg-o 

aseve: da davix da 

vix vixrCvi vix rCvi º da davix da 

vix vixrCve 

rCve, rCve , movrwKi º movrwKe da sxva 

(ix. $ 17).


d) saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs -ev ev sufiqsian zmnaTa vnebiTi 

gvaris formebi in ingre in ingre 

greva 

va, va , ixe ixeva ixe ixeva 

va, va , ib ibne ib ibne 

neva ne va tipisa. am zmnaTa 

wKvetilis formebSi Zvel qarTulSi -i i (v) formanti SenarCunebuli 

iKo: da dain da dain 

ingria in gria (is), da daixia da 

xia (is), da daib da 

ib ibnia ib nia (is)... (normebi, gv. 

207). àmis gamo, erTi mxriT, vnebiTisa da, meore mxriT, moqmedebiTis 

sasubieqto qcevis formebi namKo ZiriTadsa da kavSirebiT 

meoreSi erTmaneTs emTxveoda. ufro gvian daiwKo vnebiTis formebis 

gamartiveba~, rac -i(v) formantis gaqrobis xarJze moxda 

da miviGeT da dain da 

in ingra ingra 

gra, gra , da daixa da xa xa, xa , da daib da 

ib ibna 

na... na ... tipis formebi (iqve, gv. 

208). formaTa gamartiveba, TavisTavad cxadia, I da II piris formebsac 

Seexo: da davin da 

vin vingrie 

grie, grie , da davib da 

vib vibnie 

nie, nie , da davim da 

vim vimtvrie 

tvrie formaTa paralelurad 

da davin da davin 

vinger vinger 

ger(i), ger , , da davi da 

vi viben 

ben(i), ben , da davim da davim 

vimtver 

tver(i) tver formebi gaCnda 

da daimkvidra adgili saliteraturo enaSi (iqve, gv. 208). amdenad 

III Kalibis formaTa (davingr-i-e...) gverdiT I Kalibis formebi 

(davi-nger-i...) Cndeba. 

davi-ngr-i(v)-e 

dai-ngr-i(v)-e 

dai-ngr-i(v)-a 

º 

º 

º 

davi-nger-i 

dai-nger-i 

dai-ngr-a 

mesame Kalibis formebi amjamad iSviaTad gvxvdeba, ris mizezedac 

saTanado zmnis sasubieqto qcevis formebTan damTxveva miiCneva 

(miwisZvrisgan saxli da dain da 

in ingria in gria (is)º man Tavisi cxovreba 

da dain da 

in ingria in gria (man is). III Kalibis formebi metadaa SemorCenili zog 

dialeqtSi (mag. qiziKurSi); saliteraturo enaSi amgvar forma- 

Ta dadastureba dialeqtizmad gaiazreba (iqve). 

vfiqrobT, am SemTxvevaSi, da saerTod, SesaZlebelia saki- 

Txis amgvarad dasma: 

KalibTa monacvleoba dialeqturi movlena ki ar aris, aramed 

uniformaciisa da warmoebis tipis cvlis tendenciis gamovlenaa. 

warmoebis tipis cvlas sxvadasxva safuZveli SeiZleba 

hqondes. mwkrivis warmoebis sakiTxi myidro kavSirSia formaSi 

Semaval morfemaTa funqciur datvirTvasTan. ama Tu im formantis 

morfologiuri funqciis cvlam erT SemTxvevaSi formantis 

dakargva, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi misi gadaazrianeba SeiZleba gamoiwvios. 

es ki safuZveli xdeba warmoebis tipis cvlisa. amis 

ramdenime magaliTis moxmoba SeiZleba: 

401

402 


a) e. w. ùniSno vnebiTTa~ uniformaciis, I-dan II Kalibze 

gadasvlis erT-erTi xelisSmewKobi faqtori xolmeobiTis morfologiuri 

kategoriis gaqrobac unda iKos: ganv ganv-tef ganv tef wKvetilis 

formis gverdiT ganv ganv-tf ganv tf tf-i tf meore xolmeobiTis forma arsebobda. 

axali qarTulis ga ga-vTb ga vTb vTb-i vTb formobrivad Zveli qarTulis II 

xolmeobiTis identuria; magram es sirTules ar qmnis _ II xolmeobiTi 

ar icis axalma qarTulma. xolmeobiTis kategoriis gaqroba 

da ùniSno~ vnebiTTa I-dan II Kalibze gadasvla Cven Tvalwin 

xdeba. es ukanaskneli procesi amjamadac ar aris sabolood 

dasrulebuli, gvaqvs paraleluri warmoebis SemTxvevebi: da- 

da 

vTve vTveri vTve ri º da davTvri da 

vTvri vTvri, vTvri , da davSve da davSve 

vSveri vSve ri º da davSvri da 

vSvri vSvri... vSvri ... 

b) amjamad Znelia saubari imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra morfologi- 

uri daniSnulebisa iKo -ev ev (→ iv iv) iv sufiqsi an angrevs an 

grevs / da daan da daan 

angria an gria 

tipis zmnebSi. am zmnaTa Sesabamisi vnebiTis wKvetilis warmoebis 

tipis cvla, rac -iv iv (→ ev ev) ev 

sufiqsis dakargvis xarJze moxda, 

formantis morfologiuri funqciis gauCinarebis Sedegic unda 

iKos. 

g) tKor tKorcna tKor cna zmnis wKvetili I Kalibis mixedviT iwarmoeboda: 

gav gav-tKorc 

gav 

tKorc tKorc-en tKorc en en... en ... amjamad III Kalibis paradigmas qmnis: 

gav-tKorcn tKorcn tKorcn-e tKorcn 

ga-tKorcn tKorcn tKorcn-e tKorcn 

ga-tKorcn tKorcn tKorcn-a. tKorcn 

bolokiduri n misi odindeli morfologiuri funqciis gauCinarebis 

safuZvelze ufunqcio elementad iqca da fuZiseulad iqna 

miCneuli. amis gamo wKvetilis formisaTvis saKrden morfemad 

tKorcn tKorcn warmogvidgeba, rac am zmnis III KalibiT warmoebis safuZveli 

gaxda. TavisTavad es faqti ki (III KalibiT warmoeba) 

tKorcn tKorcn fuZeSi n elementis gamoKofis saSualebas aGar gvaZlevs 

_ winaaGmdeg SemTxvevaSi saKrdeni morfema iqneboda umarcvlo, 

es ki zmnis II an IV KalibiT warmoebis safuZvelia; rac, 

rogorc vxedavT, am SemTxvevaSi ara gvaqvs. 

KalibTa monacvleoba rTuli procesi Cans. tendencia sxvadasxvagvaria. 

procesi ufro aSkara da winwasulia dialeqtebSi. 

KalibTa monacvleobisa da unifikaciis tendenciis TvalsazrisiT 

sainteresoa ingilouri dialeqtis Cveneba. es tendencia am 

dialeqtSi Kvelaze cxadad warmoCndeba; Tumca am tendencias 

ara aqvs aSkarad gamoxatuli mimarTuleba erTi romelime for-


mis unifikaciisa: erTma kilokavma _ aliabadurma _ ZiriTadad 

-e sufiqsiani warmoeba gaabatona, meorem _ kakurma _ -i sufiqsiani 

warmoeba. 

kakuri kilokavi: me 

Sen 

man 

aliabaduri kilokavi: me 

Sen 

man 

So -nax 

Sa -nax 

Sa -nax-a 

vi-can-e 

i-can-e 

i-cn-a/o 

mo -G 

ma -G 

ma -G-a 

mo†-kal-e 

mo-kal-e 

mo-kl-a 

(g. imnaiSvili, 1966 gv. 118; v. abaSvili, 2009, gv. 108). 

yirs saliteraturo enaSi momxdari KalibTa monacvleobis 

kanonzomierebis dadgena: I Kalibis zmnaTa erTi nawili II Kalibis 

formebs ikeTebs, meore nawili _ IV Kalibisas. 

paralelur formaTagan TiToeuli maTgani araa Tanabari 

Girebulebisa. rig SemTxvevaSi saliteraturo enis faqtad (werilobiTi 

Zeglebis enaSi) mxolod erT-erTi gvevlineba (mag.: 

davTveri, mivuzGe...), magram sasaubro enaSi Cveulebrivia maTi 

paraleluri variantebis xmarebac, rac iSviaTad samwerlobo 

enaSic iCens Tavs. sakiTxze msJelobisas, vfiqrobT, amgvar formebs 

gverds ver avuvliT. 

$ $ $ 25. . me meore me re kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTis bi Tis warmo warmoeba warmo ba 

22225555....1111. . . . me meoooore me me re re re kavSi kav kav kavSi 

Sire Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTis biTis 

Tis Tis mawar ma ma mawar 

warmo warmo 

moeeeebe mo be beli beli 

li li sufiq su su sufiqse 

fiq fiqse 

sebi sebi 

bi bi 

meore kavSirebiTs axal qarTulSi sami sufiqsi awarmoebs: 

-a (movkl-a, gavyr-a...), -e (gavTb-e, avSend-e...) da -o (gavakeT-o, 

davxat-o...). erTi mwkrivis mawarmoebel sufiqsTa simravle samecniero 

literaturaSi meoreuladaa miCneuli. TiTqmis saKovelTaodaa 

gaziarebuli Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac meore 

kavSirebiTis ZiriTad, pirvandel formantad -e aris miCneuli 

(v. Tofuria, 1967, gv. 167; arn. Ciqobava, 1936, gv. 139). am Tvalsazrisis 

sabuTad arn. Ciqobavas miaCnia: `1) d/ n-Ti nawarmoeb 

vnebiTTa koniunqtivi meore, e-Ti nawarmoebi: ganmdidr-d-e-s, aGmaGl-d-e-s... 

gankac-n-e-s, ganyapuk-n-e-s... aseTi vnebiTi uZvelesi 

403

404 


formaciisaa da misi Cvenebac saTanado wonis mqonea; 2) koniunqtivi 

pirvelis -e formantiT warmoeba Kvela zmnaSi: hpoeb-d-e-s, 

mdidr-d-eb-od-e-s... da sxv. koniunqtivs pirvelSi Cven unda 

gvqondes Senaxuli koniunqtivi meoris pirvandeli daboloeba, 

iseve, rogorc namKo usrulSi gvaqvs namKo ZiriTadisa da namKo 

CveulebiTis daboloebani; 3) zmna mi misca mi sca axlac e-Ti awarmoebs 

koniunqtiv meores, amas garda, zogJer zmnebs, romelTac amjamad 

-a aqvT, Cveulebrivad, SemounaxavT e-niani formebic; Cven Zveli 

qarTulis normebis mixedviT vitKodiT: Svas, iƒsnas, qmnas... magram 

teqstebSi e-nian formebsac wavawKdebiT; mag.: STaegzavnes, 

vqmne, Sves, davicveT, viƒsne~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1929, gv. 117). n. kotinovi 

emKareba warmodgenil Tvalsazriss, iziarebs mas da -e 

sufiqsis pirveladobis samtkiceblad damatebiT sabuTebsac 

gvTavazobs: 1. -e kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad gvevlineba qarTuli 

enis ganviTarebis Kvela safexurze, 2. igi awarmoebs kavSirebiTis 

Kvela formas (kavS. I, II, III); 3. . -e-s mxars uyers qarTveluri enebis 

monacemebic. zanuris -a warmoadgens -e-s kanonzomier SesatKvisobas; 

xolo svanurSi moipoveba misi identuri -e sufiqsi; 

4. -e kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad gvxvdeba Kvela qarTul dialeqtSi 

met-naklebad (n. kotinovi, 1959, gv. 388-389). 

-e sufiqsis II kavSirebiTis uZveles, pirvandel, mawarmoeblad 

miCneva Sesabamisad svams sakiTxs -a da -o sufiqsTa meoreulobaze, 

gviandelobaze. Tumca samecniero literaturaSi garkveviT 

araferia Tqmuli -a da -e formantTa urTierTmimarTebis 

Sesaxeb: -a sufiqsi -e-s fonetikuri variantia Tu TavisTavadi, 

damoukidebeli afiqsia, gansxvavebuli funqciisa, romelmac Semdgom 

SeiZina kavSirebiTobis funqcia. 

rac Seexeba II kavSirebiTis -o sufiqss, mkvlevarTa umetesoba 

mas fonetikur niadagze warmoqmnilad miiCnevs. azrTa sxvadasxvaobas 

iwvevs is, rogoraa gaazrebuli am sufiqsis miGebis 

gza. n. maris azriT, -o sufiqsi kavSirebiTis -a sufiqsis fuZiseul 

v-sTan SerwKmis Sedegadaa miGebuli (n. mari, 1925, gv. 161). 

am mosazrebas iziarebs g. deetersic (g. deetersi, 1930, gv. 150). 

sxva Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, -o sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTis pirvandeli 

mawarmoebeli unda KofiliKo -e; misi SerwKmiT fuZiseul 

v-sTan miviGeT o (g. rogava, 1945, 652). arsebobs Tvalsazrisi, 

romlis mixedviTac kavSirebiTis -o ukve Zvelsave qarTulSi Ta-


visTavadi, damoukidebeli mawarmoebelia da ara kompleqsis 

SerwKmis Sedegi, Tumca ufro adrindel safexurze amgvari procesis 

SesaZleblobac araa gamoricxuli (b. gigineiSvili, z. sarJvelaZe, 

1973). 

amgvarad, samecniero literaturaSi II kavSirebiTis mawarmoebelTa 

Tavdapirveli saxisa da maTi urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb 

araa azrTa erTgvaroba. 

22225555....2222. . . . me meoooore me me re re re kavSi kav kav kavSi 

Sire Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTis biTis 

Tis Tis mawar ma ma mawar 

warmo warmo 

moeeeebel mo bel bel bel sufiqs su su sufiqsTa 

fiqs fiqsTa 

Ta Ta 

ganawi gana gana ganawi 

wile wile 

lebis lebis 

bis bis Sesa Se Se Sesa 

saxeb saxeb 

xeb xeb arse ar ar arse 

sebu sebu 

buli buli 

li li Tvalsaz Tval Tval Tvalsaz 

sazri sazri 

rise rise 

sebi sebi 

bi bi 

meore kavSirebiTis sufiqsTa ganawileba arcTu martiv suraTs 

qmnis. Cveulebriv miuTiTeben, rom meore kavSirebiTi iwarmoeba 

wKvetilis fuZisagan da -a, , -e, , -o sufiqsTa gamovlena damokidebulia 

wKvetilis warmoebis tipze; sxvagvarad, wKvetilis 

warmoeba gansazGvravs meore kavSirebiTis warmoebas. arn. Ciqobava 

aGniSnavs: `qarTulSi am drois sawarmoeblad sami sufiqsi ixmareba: 

-e (d-Ti nawaromeb vnebiTebTan metwilad da zog sxva 

gardauval zmnebTan), -a da -o gardamaval zmnebTan da -i-T, e-Ti 

nawarmoeb vnebiTebTan; Tu -i i i anda nuli gvaqvs mawarmoeblad, aq 

-a gveqneba (davkar _ dakvra, vTqvi _ vTqva, davabi _ davaba,) 

Tu aoristSi -e aris, aq -o iqneba mawarmoebeli sufiqsi (gavake- 

Te _ gavakeTo, vwere _ vwero, vzome _ vzomo)~... (arn. Ciqobava, 

1936, gv. 142). moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa uGlebis ganxilvisas a. 

SaniZe aGniSnavs: àm mwkrivis warmoebas myidro kavSiri aqvs 

wKvetilis warmoebasTan. is zmnebi, romelTac niSani ara aqvT 

wKvetilSi, an Tu aqvT, narTauli -i, aq niSnad miiGeben a-s 

(of of ofianebs of garda), Kvela danarCeni ki (emianebs garda) miiGeben 

o-s, maT Soris ofianebic~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 433) da iqve SeniSnavs, 

rom èrTaderTi moqmedebiTi gvaris zmna, romelsac meore 

kavSirebiTi eniT aqvs nawarmoebi, aris ce cema ce ma (mi, ga-, da- da 

sxv.): mivsce, misce, misce-s~ (iqve, gv. 343). vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa 

meore kavSirebiTis warmoebis ganxilvisas aGniSnaven, rom prefiqsian 

vnebiTebSi mx. ricxvSi ZiriTadad -a da -o sufiqsi 

gvxvdeba. erTaderTi fuZe, romelic -e-s dairTavs, aris zmna da- 

ve vece ve vece 

ce. ce igive viTarebaa mravlobiT ricxvSi, Tu Zveli warmoeba 

araa _ e. i. Tu n afiqsi ar iCens Tavs: `n infiqsis xmareba mrav- 

405

406 


lobiTSi erT cvlilebas iwvevs, romelic axasiaTebda Zvel qar- 

Tuls da axasiaTebs axal qarTulsac, ramdenadac Zveli warmoeba 

dGesac xmarebaSia: rogoric unda iKos mwkrivis niSani mxolobiTSi 

(a a Tu o), sulerTia, mravlobiTSi, n infiqsis xmarebis SemTxvevaSi, 

es niSani e-d Seicvleba... mag.: gavekra, gaekra, gaekra-s; 

gavekrneT º gavekraT, gaekrneT º gaekraT, gaekrnen~ (iqve, gv. 

449). sufiqsian da uniSno vnebiTebTan mxolod -e sufiqsi gvaqvs 

(iqve, gv. 451). 

aris cda, warmodgenil Tvalsazrisebze daKrdnobiT, wesis 

ufro martivad warmodgenisac: `meore kavSirebiTi iwarmoeba 

namKo wKvetilisagan Semdegi wesiT: Tu zmna gardauvalia (doniani 

vnebiTi, uniSno vnebiTi da zogi saSualo gvaris zmna), meore 

kavSirebiTis niSnad gvaqvs -e, Tu gardamavalia, gvaqvs -a da -o. . 

-a gvaqvs im SemTxvevaSi, roca wKvetilSi zmna fuZekumSvadia, 

uniSnoa, -o gvaqvs danarCen SemTxvevaSi~ (a. kiziria, 1974, gv. 

101). II kavSirebiTis warmoebis am saxiT CamoKalibeba ramdenime 

SeniSvnas iwvevs: II kavSirebiTis mawarmoebelTa ganawilebis safuZvlad 

gardamavloba-gardauvalobis Semotanam faqtobriv 

gamoricxa am mwkrivis warmoebis mimarTeba wKvetlis warmoebas- 

Tan, ramdenadac gardamavloba-gardauvaloba ar aris wKvetilis 

warmoebis ganmsazGvreli; garda amisa, es wesi ar moicavs iseT 

SemTxvevebs, rogoricaa prefiqsian vnebiTTa -a da -o sufiqsiani 

II kavSirebiTi (daixnas, iTqvas, daiwvas... gaizardos, daixatos, 

daiTesos da sxva mravali); am wesidan gamomdinare, umarcvlo 

fuZis mqone gardamavli zmnebi -o sufiqsiT unda iwarmoebodes, 

gvaqs ki -a sufiqsiani warmoeba: davaba, davsxa, davfqva, davwva... 

da saerTod, rogorc vnaxeT, mawarmoebelTa ganawilebis safuZvlad 

gardamavloba-gardauvalobis gatareba ar Cans gamarTlebuli. 

miuTiTeben imis Sesaxebac, rom zogJer II kavSirebiTs erTi 

da igive zmna paralelurad iwarmoebs (viqne º viqna, viKve º 

viKo...), Tumca es rig SemTxvevaSi Zveli da axali warmoebisa, Tu 

saliteraturo da dialeqturi formebis gverdigverd arsebobis 

faqtad aris miCneuli (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 449; v. imnaiSvili, 

1975, gv. 381-383). 

Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, rom meore kavSirebiTis warmoebas 

wKvetilis warmoeba Seapirobebs, rom meore kavSirebiTi


wKvetilis fuZisagan iwarmoeba, ramdenime SeniSvnas aGZravs: 

Tu erT SemTxvevaSi mimarTebas formobrivi niSani qmnis 

(wKvetilis -e _ kavSirebiTis -o), sxva SemTxvevaSi igive niSani 

ar gatardeba: uniSno (resp. -i elementiani) wKvetilis _ I Kalibis 

zmnebi _ sxvadasxvagvar viTarebas gviCvenebs; meore kavSirebiTs 

iwarmoebs rogorc -a (mov-kal-(i) _ mov-kl-a...), ise -e (gavi-nZer-(i) 

_ gavi-nZr-e...) sufiqsebiT. Tu amgvari SemTxvevisaTvis 

damatebiT pirobad morfologiuri niSani Semogvaqvs _ gardamavloba-gardauvaloba, 

arc es principi gatardeba bolomde: -a 

sufiqss dairTavs rogorc gardamavali (moxn-a-s...), ise gardauvali 

(moixn-a-s...) zmnebi. aseve iTqmis -e sufiqsis mimarTac (gardamavali 

_ mivc-e; gardauvali _ miec-e-s...). arc gvaris kategoriis 

moSvelieba amartivebs saqmes. rogorc vnebiTi, aseve moqmedebiTi 

gvaris zmnebSi SeiZleba gvqondes meore kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad 

samive sufiqsi _ -a, , -e, , -o: 

vnebiTi: daikl-a-s, daiZr-a-s... iqn-e-s, gaTb-e-s... eKm-o-s, 

eZm-o-s... 

moqmedebiTi: dakl-a-s, daZr-a-s... aaSen-o-s, aag-o-s... misc-e-s. 

marTalia, es ukanaskneli erTaderTi magaliTia axali qar- 

TulisaTvis, magram naSTia Zvel qarTulSi moqmedi kanonzomierebisa 

(ix. $ 25.4), rac, TavisTavad, maCvenebelia imisa, rom qar- 

TulisaTvis ar aris arabunebrivi moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa II 

kavSirebiTis -e sufiqsiT warmoeba. 

erTgvarad TiTqos sistemuri xasiaTi aqvs doniani da 

ùniSno~ vnebiTebis II kavSirebiTis formaTa -e sufiqsiT warmoebas, 

magram amis mizezi aris ara am zmnaTa vnebiToba, aramed ma- 

Ti saKrdeni morfemis struqturis Tavisebureba. 

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, TiTqosda Cans garkveuli mimarTeba 

namKo ZiriTadisa da II kavSirebiTis warmoebas Soris, 

magram davas SeiZleba am mimarTebis safuZveli iwvevdes. arsebi- 

Ti kiTxva, romelic am SemTxvevaSi daismis, Semdegia: wKve wKveti wKve wKveti 

tilis 

lis 

warmo warmoeba warmo warmo ba aris aris gan ganmsazGvre 

gan ganmsazGvre 

msazGvreli msazGvre li me meore me re kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebi 

biTis bi Tis warmo warmoebi warmo 

bi bisa 

sa, sa, 

, 

Tu Tu Tu am am mwkriv mwkrivTa mwkriv Ta warmo warmoebas warmo 

bas ra raime ra 

me sxva sa safuZ sa 

fuZ fuZve 

veli ve li aqvs aqvs? aqvs anda, 


tilis ti lis fu fuZes fu 

Zes emKare emKareba emKare 

ba ba me meore me 

re kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebi 

biTi bi Ti Tu Tu ori orive ori 

ve ve am 

mwkri mwkrivi mwkri mwkrivi 

visa 

saTvis sa Tvis sa saer sa 

er erTo erTo 

To fu fuZea fu 

Zea saKrde saKrdeni saKrde 

ni ni? ni 

SevecdebiT ganvixiloT II kavSirebiTis warmoebis sakiTxebi 

da vupasuxoT dasmul kiTxvebs. 

407

408 


22225555....3333. . . . ----o o o o sufiq su su sufiqsi 

fiq fiqsi 

siaaaani si ni ni ni meoooore me me me re re re kavSi kav kav kavSi 

Sire Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTi biTi 

Ti Ti 

warmoebis TvalsazrisiT SedarebiT martivi viTareba -o 

sufqsian II kavSirebiTSi gvaqvs: Tu namKo ZiriTadSi mawarmoebeli 

aris -e sufiqsi (III da IV Kalibis zmnebi), II kavSirebiTSi -o 

sufiqsi gveqneba (arn. Ciqobava, 1938, gv. 142). mag.: 

vakeT-e / vakeT-o, vaSen-e / vaSen-o, davaxatvin-e / davaxatvin-o, 

movakvlevin-e / movakvlevin-o, gavaG-e / gavaG-o, 

Sevaq-e / Sevaq-o da sxva. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : wKvetilisa da II kavSirebiTis formaTa amgvari 

urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb qarTuli enis praqtikul 

gramatikebSic aris miniSnebebi. anton I 

wKvetilis -e / II kavSirebiTis -o mimarTebas zmna- 

Ta erT-erT saklasifikacio niSnad gamoiKenebs 

da gamoKofil Jgufebs am niSnis mixedviT axasia- 

Tebs: èse srulsa Sina ganikidurebs ee. 

e magaliTebr: 

ganvhbane da mKoobadsa Sina o. magaliTebr: 

ganvhbano~ (antoni, 1885, gv. 29). am tipis 

Kvela zmna amgvaradaa daxasiaTebuli. saer- 

Tod, anton I zmnaTa Jgufebis gamoKofisas wKvetilisa 

da II kavSirebiTis formaTa Cvenebas, maT 

urTierTmimarTebas gansakuTrebul KuradGebas 

aqcevs. gaioz reqtori zmnaTa uGlebis Jgufebis 

daxasiaTebas sistematurad am niSnis mixedviT ax- 

dens (`namKo srulsa da drosa piruÀlsa da meoresa 

pirsa Sina ganikidureben e e da mKofadsa Sina 

o~) da calkeul SemTxvevebSi CamoTvlis im 

zmnebs, romlebic am wess ar emorCileba (`romelnica 

sxuaoben srulsa da mKoobadsa drosa 

Sina~ (gaiozi, 1970, gv. 72-95). 

Sesabamisoba wKvetilis -e : meore kavSirebiTis -o ugamonakliso 

Cans. sxvagvarad: zmnebi, romlebic wKvetilis I da II pir- 

Si miiGeben -e daboloebas (wKvetilis warmoebis III da IV Kalibi), 

II kavSirebiTs -o sufiqsiT iwarmoebs. 

iqmneba STabeydileba, rom es wesi piruku ar moqmedebs:


axal qarTulSi dasturdeba SemTxvevebi, roca II kavSirebiTi -o 

sufiqsiT aris nawarmoebi, Sesabamisi wKvetilis formebSi ki -e 

sufiqsi ara gvaqvs: mivagen-i _ mivagn-o, vican-i _ vicn-o, Sevi- 

Zel-i _ SeviZl-o, vigrZen-i _ vigrZn-o, viKav-i _ viK-o o da sxva. 

es movlena uSualo kavSirSia wKvetilSi subieqturi mesame piris 

o- sufiqsis gamovlenasTan. marTebuli Cans dakvirveba: `Tu 

aoristSi S3-d oo 

o 

aris warmodgenili, II kavSirebiTis niSani o iqneba. 

es wesi piruku ar moqmedebs: kavSirebiT II-Si SeiZleba ki- 

los maCvenebeli o alomorfi iKos, magram aoristSi S3-d aucilebeli 

araa o gvqondes~ (b. gigineiSvili, z. sarJvelaZe, 1973, 

gv. 82). axsna eZebneba imgvar SemTxvevebs, roca II kavSirebiTSi o 

sufiqsi gvaqvs, wKvetili ki -e sufiqsiT ar iwarmoeba. 

Kvela amgvar SemTxvevaSi II kavSirebiTSi paraleluri warmoeba 

gvaqvs, ZiriTadad -a sufiqsiani: 

daipKr-o-s º daipKr-a-s 

mere es qveKana da davipKro da 

vipKro vipKroTo vipKro To (iakobi). 

rom saqarTvelom mtkiced da daipKras da 

ipKras qristes moZGvreba 

(akaki). 

miezG-o-s º miezG-a-s 

Kvelas mi miezGos mi 

ezGos saTaviso, Sesaferisi (o. Cx.). 

Kvelam unda mizGas mizGas Cemi danakargi (ilia). 

mouTxr-o-s º mouTxr-a-s 

iqneb mo mogvi mo 

gvi gviTxroT gviTxroT 

TxroT, TxroT rogor ipoveT sakuTari stili 

TargmanSi (T. Cx.). 

vin mo mogvi mo 

gvi gviTxras gvi Txras maTi saqme uTvalavi, sagmironi (akaki). 

darg-o-s º darg-a-s 

maS am diliT vardi da davrgo da 

vrgo vrgo? vrgo (o. mamf.). 

CrdilisaTvis da davrgaT da 

vrgaT ramodenime xe (m. noz.). 

morwK-o-s º morwK-a-s 

daTesvis Semdeg niadagi KuTebSi kargad unda mo- 

irwKos irwKos (n. Cax.). 

nakveTi unda mo moirwKas mo 

irwKas sayiroebis mixedviT (m. noz.). 

SerT-o-s º SerT-a-s 

aseTi qali Se SevrTo Se 

vrTo vrTo... vrTo (ilia). 

409

410 


meti gza ar aris, coli unda Se SevrTaT Se 

vrTaT (iqve). 

moaswr-o-s º moaswr-a-s 

ese ar mo momas mo 

mas maswron 

wron... wron ... (n. Siuk.). 

ui, netavi ki im bednier dGes Se Seves Se 

ves veswra 

wra (ilia). 

aseve: icnas º icnos, igrZnas º igrZnos, Caflas º Caflos, daamKnas 

º daamKnos, dadvas º dados... aGniSnul zmnebs formaTa paralelizmi 

wKvetilSic axasiaTebT (ix. $ 24). -o sufiqsiani varianti 

Kvela SemTxvevaSi wKvetilis -e sufiqsian variants Seesabameba. 

wKvetilSi subieqturi III piris -o-s damkvidreba da II kav- 

SirebiTSi -o sufiqsis gaCena erTdrouli procesi Cans; safuZveli 

Kvelgan erTgvaria. 

erTaderTi gamonaklisi, roca II kavSirebiTSi o gvaqvs da 

Sesabamisi wKvetilis formaSi -e sufiqsi ar dasturdeba, aris 

iKos iKos zmna. Tu am formaSi o kavSirebiTis mawarmoebelia da misi 

gamoKofa saerTod SesaZlebelia, iseve rogorc wKvetilis formis 

(iKo iKo iKo) iKo bolokiduri o-si (ix. $ 24.3.), maSin II kavSirebiTis -o 

sufiqsis gamovlenis wesi ugamonakliso ar iqneba. 

Tu wKvetilis SemTxvevaSi uar uar-vKe uar vKe tipis formebi gamonaklisis 

sistemaSi moqcevis faqtad miviCnieT, II kavSirebiTSi viKve 

viKve 

/ iKve iKve / iKves iKves tipis formaTa gaCena gamonaklisis Tavidan aSorebis 

cdad gvesaxeba. amgvari formebi gvxvdeba samwerlobo enaSi: 

Sercxvenil viKve viKve, viKve Tu sanaqebod ar movulxino (d. 

kld.). 

gana ar ginda, rom Seni Sroma ufro naKofieri da 

vrceli iKves iKves? iKves (ek. gab.). 

suli morCili netaria, oGond aq viKveT viKveT viKveT (o. Cx.). 

amgvarad, wKvetilis warmoebis III da IV Kalibis zmnebi kav- 

SirebiT meores -o sufiqsiT iwarmoeben. Sesabamisoba _ wKvetilis 

-e: II kavSirebiTis -o _ kanonzomieri Cans. 

25 25....4444. 25 25 . . . ----a a a a da da da da ----e e e e sufiq su su sufiqsi 

fiq fiqsi 

siaaaani si ni ni ni II II II II kavSi kav kav kavSi 

Sire Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTi biTi 

Ti Ti 

zmnebi, romlebic wKvetilis formebs pirveli an meore Kalibis 

mixedviT iwarmoeben, II kavSirebiTSi dairTaven an -a, an -e 

sufiqss.


samecniero literaturaSi sakmaod dawvrilebiTaa ganxiluli 

II kavSirebiTSi -e sufiqsis gamovlenis SemTxvevebi (arn. Ciqobava, 

1929, gv. 31). aGwera morfologiuri principis mixedviT 

xdeba. Cvenc amJerad cal-calke ganvixilavT TiToeul morfologiur 

Jgufs, sadac II kavSirebiTSi -e sufiqsi gvaqvs: 

a) e. w. ùniSno vnebiTebi~ ugamonaklisod II kavSirebiTSi -e 

sufiqss dairTavs: 

gav-Tb-e 

ga-Tb-e 

ga-Tb-e-s 

gav-Tb-e-T 

ga-Tb-e-T 

ga-Tb-e-n (º gaTbnen) 

aseve: da-dn-e-s, ga-qr-e-s, da-ykn-e-s, ga-Sr-e-s, ga-xm-e-s, ga-ZG-e-s, 

gamo-cxv-e-s, da-cxr-e-s da-lb-e-s, da-dg-e-s da-wv-e-s, da-rC-e-s da 

sxva. 

rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi am Jgufis zmnebTan II 

kavSirebiTis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT mKari viTarebaa. 

b) doniani vnebiTebi Kvela SemTxvevaSi -e sufiqsiT iwarmoeben 

II kavSirebiTis formebs: 

dav-ber-d-e 

da-ber-d-e 

da-ber-d-e-s 

dav-ber-d-e-T 

da-ber-d-e-T 

da-ber-d-e-n (º daberdnen) 

aseve: aSen-d-e-s, gakeT-d-e-s, dasaxl-d-e-s da sxva mravali. 

g) -e e sufiqsiT iwarmoebs II kavSirebiTs agreTve prefiqsian 

vnebiTTa erTi nawili: 

gav-i/e-qc-e 

ga-i/e-qc-e 

ga-i/e-qc-e-s 

aseve: da-i-bn-e-s / da-e-bn-e-s, da-i-ngr-e-s / da-e-ngr-e-s. i-qn-e-s / 

e-qn-e-s da sxva. 

d) da, rogorc aGniSnaven, erTaderTi gardmavali zmna 

miv-c-e 

mis-c-e 

mis-c-e-s 

miv-c-e-T 

mis-c-e-T 

mis-c-e-n 

411

412 


zemoT warmodgenil oTxive SemTxvevaSi erTi faqtia saKuradGebo: 

Kvelgan saKrdeni morfema reducirebulia da gauCinarebulia 

e xmovani. prefiqsian vnebiTebsa da mi misces mi sces zmnaSi saKrdeni 

morfema sruli saxiT aGdgeba wKvetilis subieqturi I da 

II piris formebSi. gavi-qec qec qec, qec davi-ben ben ben, ben , dave-xsen xsen xsen, xsen vi-qen qen qen, qen miv-ec ec ec (am 

zmnasTan dakavSirebiT sagangebo msJeloba gvqonda SesavalSi)... 

aseTivea ùniSno vnebiTTa~ erTi nawilis Cvenebac: dav-Tv Tv Tver Tver 

er, er gav- 

Zex Zex, Zex dav-deq deq deq, deq dav-wev wev wev, wev gav-Zver Zver Zver, Zver mov-Kev Kev Kev, Kev dav-Jeq Jeq Jeq... Jeq marTalia, am tipis 

zmnaTa erT nawilSi xmovani ara Cans axal qarTulSi, magram 

aGdgeba Zveli qarTulis Cvenebis mixedviT: ganv-tef tef tef, tef ganv-ƒem ƒem ƒem, ƒem 

Sevs-ced ced ced... ced is faqti, rom zogJer saKrdeni morfemiseuli xmovnis 

aGdgena ar xerxdeba arc axali da arc Zveli qarTuli enis doneze, 

saqmis viTarebas ar cvlis. `Tbeba~ tipis Kvela zmnaSi istoriulad 

e xmovani ivaraudeba, rasac mxars uyers monaTesave 

enaTa Cvenebac (v. Tofuria, 1930). saKovelTaod gaziarebuli 

TvalsazrisiT vnebiTis -d sufiqsis Tavdapirvel saxed -ed ed miiCneva. 

aq ar SeiZleba ar gavixsenoT isic, rom Zvel qarTulSi -e 

sufiqss dairTavda II kavSirebiTSi -n n (← en en) en sufiqsiani vnebiTebic: 

ra Ta ganv ganv-kac ganv ganv kac kac-n-e, kac , gan gan-kac gan 

kac kac-n-e, kac , gan gan-kac gan 

kac kac-n-e-s kac (wKvetili: ganvkac-en, 

ganh-kac-en, gan-kac-n-a). 

Zvel qarTulSi e. w. pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis 

-en en en(n)-s en `Semdeg koniunqtiv meoreSi -a da o-s nacvlad -e Cndeba... 

-e ki ucvlelad rCeba~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1929, gv. 116). marTalia, 

pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis aGniSvna axal qarTul- 

Si -en en formantiT aGar xdeba moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebSi, magram 

Sesabamisi vnebiTis formebma Semogvinaxa -n n (← -en en en) en sufiqsiani 

formebi: 

Tu vera vZlev, da davi da 

vi vixoc 

xocneT xoc neT saxeliTa da didebiT 

(ilia). 

dedofalo, Seni yirime, Cqara aviKar aviKarneT aviKar aviKar neT aqedan (iakobi). 

rawams saxlSi xma miwKdeba, ga gavi ga gavi 

vipar 

parneT 

neT (ek. gab.). 

cxadia, unda avi avibar avi avibar 

bargneT bar gneT aqedan (n. Siuk.). 

Kovelive zemoTqmulidan erTi daskvna SeiZleba gakeTdes: II 

kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebiT 

biTSi biT Si -e e su sufiq su sufiq 

fiqsi fiq si gvaqvs im Se SemTxve Se 

mTxve mTxveva 

vaSi 

Si, Si , ro roca ro 

ca saKrden saKrden 

saKrden 

mo morfe mo 

rfe rfemaSi rfe Si e e xmo xmova xmo xmova 

vani va ni aris ga gauCi ga 

Ci Cina 

nare 

rebu 

buli 

li. 

li


axali qarTulisaTvis wesi piruku ar moqmedebs: Kvelgan, 

sadac saKrden morfemaSi e xmovania gauCinarebuli, ara gvaqvs II 

kavSirebiTis -e sufiqsiani warmoeba, vgulisxmobT moqmedebiTi 

gvaris zmnebs: gav-cr-a (saKrdeni morfemis sruli saxea cer cer), cer cer 

gav-yr-a (yer), Sev-qmn-a (qmen), vi-xsn-a (xsen), gav-rKvn-a (rKven), 

aGmov-fxvr-a (fxven) da sxva. 

es zmnebi, iseve rogorc wKvetilis warmoebis I da II Kalibis 

moqmedebiTi gvaris Kvela zmna (garda mi misces mi sces zmnisa) II kavSirebiTs 

-a sufiqsiT iwarmoebs. amdenad, -a sufiqsi gvaqvs II kavSirebiTis 

mawarmoeblad: a) I da II Kalibis moqmedebiTi gvaris 

zmnebTan, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra struqturisaa saKrdeni morfema: 

Sev-kar _ Sev-kr-a, mov-kal _ mov-kl-a, dav-fqv-i _ davfqv-a, 

dava-b-i _ dava-b-a, Cav-sx-i _ Cav-sx-a da sxv; b) prefiqsian 

vnebiTebTan: da-i-wv-a-s, da-i-fqv-a-s, da-e-b-a-s, Semo-e-rtK-a-s, dae-rqv-a-s... 

aris SemTxvevebi, roca prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris formeb- 

Si paralelurad gvxvdeba rogorc -e, , aseve -a sufiqsiani warmoeba 

II kavSirebiTisa erTsa da imave zmnasTan: 

iqn iqn-a-s iqn s s º º iqn iqn-e-s iqn 

farsman sparsisaTvis konstantine arsakiZis dapirispireba 

gagebul unda iq iqnas iq nas rogorc erTgvari teza da 

antiteza (k. gams.). 

gaTvaliswinebul iq iqnes iq nes kamaTSi gamosuli amxanagebis 

saqmiani SeniSvnebi (m. kekelia). 

iq iqmn-a-s iq s º º iq iqmn-e-s iq 

dee, rac saqmnelia, iq iqmnas iq mnas (ilia) 

Cven, Cvenve veq veqmneT veq mneT Cvenianebs damamSvideblad (o. Cx.). 

Se SeinZr Se 

inZr inZr-a-s inZr s º º Se SeinZr Se SeinZr 

inZr-e-s inZr 

saTburebSi gadatanis dros namKenebi ar Se Sein Se 

in inZres in Zres 

(n. Caxn.). 

amisaTvis sayiroa konebi Se Sein Se 

in inZras in Zras (iqve). 

idg idg-a-s idg s s º º º idg idg-e-s idg 

gved gvedgas gved gas akvani gadaudgmelad (o. Cx.). 

egre id idges id idges 

ges, ges Torema, me, xom ici... (r. inan.). 

da daiwv da 

iwv iwv-a-s iwv s º º da daiwv da daiwv 

iwv-e-s 

iwv 

413

414 


gamiSvi, Tu gindaT, mec cecxli ar wamekidos da ar 

da daviw da 

viw viwve viw ve (o. ios.). 

rac CvenSi aris uvargisi, da daiw da 

iw iwvas iw vas mKisve (iran. poezia). 

da daiyr da 

iyr iyr-a-s iyr s º º º da daiyr da daiyr 

iyr-e-s iyr 

Tu da daviy da 

viy viyre viyre 

re, re mwvavdes wKluli (s. Ciq.). 

miaqvs ieriSi, medgrad exeTqeba, rom Se Seiy Se 

iy iyras iy as da Seangrios 

(galaktioni). 

mo mogvesm mo 

gvesm gvesm-a-s gvesm s º º º mo mogvesm mo mogvesm 

gvesm-e-s gvesm 

rom kvlavc mo mogves mo 

gves gvesmes gves mes sitKva qarTuli rusTavelisa 

(gr. orb.). 

unda kideca mivdioT mas, gves gvesmas gves mas mSoblisa (n. bar.). 

aseve: aGiZras º aGiZres, aixsnas º aixsnes, mieZGvnas º mieZGvnes, 

daixnes º daixnas, gaicres º gaicras da sxva. 

formaTa amgvari paralelizmi ar dasturdeba am zmnaTa 

wKvetilSi, arc Sesabamisi moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa II kavSirebiTSi; 

moqmedebiTi da saTanado prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris formebi 

wKvetilSi warmoebis TvalsazrisiT ar gansxvavdebian: davwv-i 

da daviwv-i, dav-Zar-i da daviZar-i, vqmen-i da viqmen-i, davabi 

da daveb-i... II kavSirebiTSi ki, rogorc vnaxeT, arsebiTi xasia- 

Tis gansxvavebaa. 

amgvarad, zmnebi, romlebic II kavSirebiTs -e da -a sufiqsebiT 

iwarmoeben, sam Jgufad SeiZleba daiKos: 

a) romlebic mxolod -e sufiqss dairTaven: ùniSno~ da 

sufiqsiani vnebiTebi, pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis -en en sufiqsiani 

formebi da mi misca mi 

sca zmna; 

b) zmnebi, romlebic mxolod -a sufiqsiT iwarmoeben II kav- 

SirebiTs: moqmedebiTi gvaris formebi (garda mi misca mi sca zmnisa); 

g) zmnebi, romlebic II kavSirebiTis formebs paralelurad 

iwarmoeben: prefiqsiani vnebiTebi. 

amTaviTve SevniSnavT, rom Tavdapirveli viTareba (Zveli 

qarTulis msgavsi) pirvel SemTxvevaSia daculi: sxva SemTxvevaSi 

mdgomareoba ZiriTadad meoreulia: aq axali sistemis CamoKalibebis 

procesTan da, zogJer, ukve CamoKalibebul viTarebasTan 

gvaqvs saqme. 

Zvel qarTulSi moqmedebiTi gvaris uniSno wKvetilis mqone


zmnaTa erTi nawili II kavSirebiTis formebs -a sufiqsiT iwarmoebda: 

sxva. 

samarTali warmarTTa man mi miuTxras mi Txras (m. DE. 12. II). 

pirvelad Se Sekras Se 

kras Zlieri igi (m. 12. 29). 

ara _ me upKra upKrasa upKra sa da aGmoiTquas igi (m. DE. 12. II). 

xolo bzÀ igi da dawu da 

wu wuas wu as cecxliTa uSretiTa (m. 3. 12). 

ra vyamoT, anu ra vsu vsuaT vsu 

aT (m. 6. 31). 

da mas jamsa Sina vhrqua vhrqua maT (m. DE. 7. 23). 

vTquaT Tu: zeciT iKo, gur gurqu gur gurqu 

quas 

as: as : rad ara grwmena misi 

(m. C 21, 25). 

aGdges saxlisa ufali da dahƒSas dahƒSas kari (l. 13. 25) da 

magram uniSno namKo ZiriTadis mqone zmnaTa meore nawili 

-e sufiqss dairTavda II kavSirebiTSi: 

aha, qalwuli miudges da Sves Sves ZÀ (m. I, 23). 

rameTe man iƒsnes iƒsnes eri T‚si codvaTa maTTagan (m. I, 

21). 

sada-igi mGilman, myamelman ganrKunes ganrKunes, ganrKunes da sada mparav- 

Ta daTxaron da gani ganipa gani ganipa 

paron pa ron igi (m. DE. 6. 19). 

Tu gnebavs, vqmneT vqmneT aqa sam talavar (m. 17. 4). 

ra Ta da daic da 

ic icves ic ves igi GmerTman, viTarca aGsasrulamde 

(mam. cx. 167. 30) da sxva. 

samecniero literaturaSi es faqti, ra Tqma unda, SeniSnulia 

(arn. Ciqobava, 1929; a. SaniZe, 1976; n. naTaZe, 1955; n. kotinovi, 

1959), magram sadavo gveCveneba faqtis kvalifikacia; i. imnaiSvilis 

azriT, àxal qarTulSi gardamaval zmnaTagan erTaderTi 

SemogvrCa, romelsac meore kavSirebiTis niSnad -e moepoveba: 

mi-v-s-c-e, mi-s-c-e, mi-s-c-e-s. Zvel qarTulSi aseT zmnaTa raodenoba 

bevri iKo. -e hqonda n-ze fuZedaboloebul zmnebs, romlebic 

wKvetils uniSnod awarmoebdnen: ra Ta aGvagzne, vagrZne, 

davmKne, vamcne, vqmne, mivaKrdne, ganvƒrwne, vixsne, viJmne... -e kav- 

SirebiTis sawarmoebeli Zveli niSania. misi SemonaxvisaTvis am 

zmnebSi xeli unda SeewKo im garemoebas, rom n n qmni qmnida qmni da pir pirda pir 

da dapi da pi- pi 

ri ri obi obieq obi obieq 

eqtis eq tis mrav mravlo mrav 

lo lobi 

biTo 

Tobis To bis aso asoci aso asoci 

ciacias ci as as, as , romel el elTa 

Tanac Ta nac kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire Si re- 

bi biTis bi 

Tis niS niSnad niS 

nad mu mudam mu dam -e e ix ixma ix ixma 

mare 

rebo 

boda 

da... 

... n n fu fuZis fu Zis bo bolos bo 

los gada gadamwers gada mwers 

ago agonebs ago 

nebs obi obieq obi 

eq eqtis eq tis mrav mravlo mrav 

lo lobi lobi 

biTo 

Tobis To bis su sufiqss su sufiqss 

fiqss, fiqss , ami amitom ami tom kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebi 

bi- 

bi 

415

416 


Tis Tis Zvel Zvel ni niSans ni Sans uc ucvle uc ucvle 

vlelad vle lad to tovebs to 

vebs vebs~ vebs (i. imnaiSvili, 1963, gv. 

184) (xazi Cvenia _ g. g.). es Tvalsazrisi SemdgomSic iqna ganmeorebuli 

da gavrcobili: `miuTiTeben, rom zemoxsenebuli Jgufis 

zmnebSi e niSnis SenarCunebisaTvis xeli unda SeewKo im garemoebas, 

rom mwkrivis niSnis win mdgomi n qmnida gardamaval 

zmnaTa pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis maCvenebeli n n (← en en) en 

sufiqsis iluzias: xsenebuli sufiqsis Semdeg ki aucilebeli 

iKo e daboloebis gamoKeneba. e e mwkri mwkrivis mwkri vis niS niSnis niS 

nis gamoKene gamoKenebis gamoKene 

bis bis are 

ga gafar ga 

far farTo farTo 

Toebu To bu bulia bu lia da da igi igi mo moicavs mo cavs sxva zmneb zmnebsac zmneb 

sac sac, sac , gan gansa gan 

sa sakuT sakuT 

kuTre 

rebiT re biT 

ki ki imaT imaT, imaT , ro romel ro 

mel melTa mel Ta fu fuZec fu Zec vv-ze 

v ze mTav mTavrde mTav 

de deba 

ba~ ba (v. imnaiSvili, 1975, 

gv. 419). (xazi Cvenia _ g. g.). 

warmodgenili msJelobidan ivaraudeba, rom saanalizo 

formebi im viTarebis anareklia, roca kavSirebiTi II mxolod -e 

sufiqsiT iwarmoeboda, rac, iseve rogorc pirdapiri obieqtis 

mravlobiTobis -en en en (→ -n) ) sufiqsis asociacia Tu iluzia, naklebsarwmunod 

gveCveneba. am ukanaskneli Tvalsazrisis upirveles 

kontrargumentad swored ara n sonorze daboloebul fu- 

ZeebTan kavSirebiTis -e sufiqsis gamovlena migvaCnia: ra Ta 

vSv-e, ganrcx-e, STaviyr-e, davicv-e, SeuZln-e-s da sxva. 

zemowarmodgenilma masalam TvalnaTliv dagvanaxa, rom Zvel 

qarTulSi moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebi II kavSirebiTs iwarmoebdnen 

Cveulebriv rogorc -a, aseve -e sufiqsebiT. KuradGeba gvinda 

gavamaxviloT im faqtze, rom -e sufiqss dairTavs is zmnebi, romelTa 

fuZiseul saKrden morfemaSi e xmovania gauCinarebuli 

(Sev, ƒsen, rKuen, qmen, cev, gzen, mKen, mcen, Krden, ƒrwen, Jmen, 

yer, recx, Zel...); xolo roca saKrden morfemaSi e xmovani ar 

aGdgeba, sxva xmovania reducirebuli, anda umarcvloa, II kavSirebiTis 

mawarmoeblad -a sufiqsi gvaqvs (Txar, kar, kal, ƒaS, 

Tqu, su, rqu, wu, cu, sx...). 

miuTiTeben, rom ganxilul zmnaTa `vnebiTebic xsenebul kanonebs 

emorCileboda~ (i. imnaiSvili, 1963, gv. 184). zmnebi, romelTa 

saKrdeni Zireuli morfemis e xmovani monacvleobda nul- 

Tan, vnebiTi gvaris II kavSirebiTis formebs aseve -e sufiqsiT 

iwarmoebda: 

ra Ta awve aGeg aGegznes aGeg aGegznes 

znes (l. E. 12. 49). 

rameTu romeli _ igi misgan iS iSves iS ves (m. I 20). 

xolo Cinebulni igi ara Girs iq iqmnes iq mnes (m. C. 22. 8).


ra Tamca dasaJa sofeli, aramed ra Ta iƒsnes iƒsnes iƒsnes sofeli 

mis gamo (i. C. 3. 17). 

da romeli KurTa ge gesmen ge men Tquen, qadageT erdoTa zeda 

(m. 10. 27). 

Koveli nergi... ZiriTurT aGifxu aGifxures 

aGifxu aGifxures 

res (m. DE. 15. 13). 

xolo ƒorci igi ra ganix ganixrwnes 

ganix rwnes (equs. dG. 92. 9). 

arca ganirKunes 

ganirKunes ganirKunes (ion. 37. 14). 

prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi, romelTa saKrden Zireul 

morfemaSi nulTan monacvle e xmovani ar dasturdeboda, II 

kavSirebiTs -a sufiqsiT iwarmoebda: 

da sxva. 

sadaca iqadagos saxareba ese Koelsa sofelsa, iTquas iTquas 

iTquas 

(m. C. 26. 13). 

maSin miuteva maT baraba, xolo iesus SoltiTa hsca 

da misca maT, ra Ta Juars-ecu ecu ecuas 

as (m. DE. 27. 26). 

saxlsa Cemsa saxl salocvel er erqu er 

qu quas qu as KovelTagan warmarTTa 

(mr. II. 17). 

garna Tu gareSe bunebisa aGiZ aGiZras aGiZ ras igi (equs. dG. 12. 

26). 

gina Tu mo moiw mo 

iw iwuas iw uas fiyunari da muxnari (iqve, 58, 37) 

rogorc vxedavT, Zvel qarTulSi uniSno (resp. -i elementiani) 

wKvetilis mqone zmnebi II kavSirebiTis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT 

gvaris mixedviT ar gansxvavdebian; warmoebis principi saerToa 

moqmedebiTi da vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTaTvis. Tu imasac gavixsenebT, 

rom -e sufiqss dairTaven agreTve uniSno da sufiqsiani 

vnebiTebi, pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis -en en sufiqsiani 

formebi, SeiZleba Zveli qarTulisaTvis wesi amgvarad CamoKalibdes: 


Sire 

rebiT 

biTSi biT Si -e e su sufiq su 

fiq fiqsi fiq si gamo gamovlin gamo gamovlin 

vlinde 

deba ba im zmneb zmnebSi zmneb 

Si Si, Si , 

ro romel ro romel 

melTa mel Ta saKrde saKrdeni saKrde ni mo morfe mo 

rfe rfemi rfemi 

mise 

seuli se li e xmo xmova xmo 

va vania va nia ga gauCi ga 

Ci Cina 

nare 

rebu 

buli 

li; 

; 

Kve Kvela Kve la sxva sxva sxva Se SemTxve Se SemTxve 

mTxveva 

vaSi Si uniS uniSno uniS 

no da -i i ele elemen ele 

men menti 

tiani ti ni ni wKve wKveti wKve 

ti tilis ti lis 

mqo mqone mqo 

ne zmneb zmnebSi zmneb zmnebSi 

Si am am mwkriv mwkrivis mwkriv 

is ma mawar ma 

war warmo 

moeb 

eblad eb lad -a a a su sufiq su 

fiq fiqsi fiq si gveq gveqne gveq 

ne neba neba 

ba. ba 

dGevandeli viTareba II kavSirebiTis warmoebisa I da II Kalibis 

zmnebTan meoreulia. amjamad moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebSi 

am mwkrivis warmoebisas angariSi ar eweva saKrdeni morfemis 

struqturas _ Kvela SemTxvevaSi mwkrivis mawarmoeblad -a sufiqsi 

gvaqvs (garda mi misces mi sces zmnisa, Zveli viTareba mxolod aq Se- 

417

418 


mogvenaxa). am formantis unifikacia moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebTan 

TiTqmis damTavrebulia. es tendencia dialeqtebSi ufro Sors 

aris wasuli: xevsurulma Kvela SemTxvevaSi -a sufiqsi gaabatona; 

am dialeqtma II kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad sxva formanti ar icis. 

axal qarTulSi mdgomareoba garTulda prefiqsiani vnebiTi 

gvaris zmnaTa SemTxvevaSi. aq formaTa paralelizmma iCina Tavi. 

mivuTiTebdiT, rom erTi da igive zmna II kavSirebiTs iwarmoebs 

rogorc -a, , aseve -e sufiqsebiT. Tu moqmedebiTi gvaris SemTxvevaSi 

unifikaciis tendencia -e sufiqsiani warmoebis gaqrobis 

xarJze warimarTa, gabatonda -a sufiqsiani warmoeba, sxvagvari 

procesi mimdinareobs vnebiTis formebSi: aris SemTxvevebi, roca 

prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi II kavSirebiTis -e sufiqsian 

formebs uCndeba paraleluri, -a sufiqsiani, formebi da piriqiT: 

-a sufiqsian formebs uCndeba -e sufiqsiani paraleluri 

formebi: 

a) iqnes º iqnas, gainZres º gainZras, edges º edgas, gaiyres 

º gaiyras... 

b) aGiZras º aGiZres, daiwvas º daiwves, SemoertKas º SemoertKes... 

radgan moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebSi -a sufiqsiani warmoeba 

gabatonda, TiTqosda mosalodneli iKo vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSic 

amgvari procesi momxdariKo: an -a sufiqsian warmoebas daeyira 

-e sufiqsiani warmoebis adgili, anda, Tu gvaris faqtori daedeboda 

safuZvlad mawarmoebelTa gadanawilebas, vnebiTis formebSi 

-e sufiqsiani warmoeba unificirebuliKo. magram, rogorc 

vxedavT, ase ar moxda. mawarmoebelTa gadanawilebis procesi 

grZeldeba, ramac enaSi paralelur formaTa gaCena gamoiwvia. 

KuradGeba gvinda gavamaxviloT ramdenime kerZo SemTxvevaze: 

a) -e sufiqsiT iwarmoebs II kavSirebiTis formebs ved ved/ ved vid 

vid 

zmna. es erTaderTi gamonaklisia, roca -e sufiqsi gvaqvs da 

saKrden morfemaSi e xmovani ar aris gauCinarebuli: wa-vid-e, 

wax-vid-e, wa-vid-e-s. Tu vid Ziriseul i xmovans e-s reduqciis 

produqtad miviCnevT, maSin zmnis Cvenebis gaTvaliswineba -e sufiqsis 

gmovlenis wess amgvarad daazustebs: II II kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi 

biTis bi Tis -e 

su sufiqss su fiqss da dair da dair 

irTavs ir Tavs is zmne zmnebi zmne 

bi bi, bi , ro romel ro 

mel melTa mel Ta saKrden saKrden mo morfe mo morfe 

rfema rfema 

maSi ma Si re- 

du duci du duci 

cire 

rebu 

buli bu li e xmo xmova xmo xmova 

vani va ni iva ivara iva 

ra raude ra de deba de ba (reduqcia SeiZleba iKos 

srulic da nawilobrivic: e → i).


b) iKos iKos formaSi o-s miGebis orgvari gza SeiZleba vivaraudoT: 

o ← vv-a, 

v 

, o ← vv-e; 

v 

; e. i. fuZiseul v-sTan kavSirebiTis -a 

an -e sufiqsis SerwKma. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom aGniSnuli 

zmnis Ziri orgvari gaxmovanebiTaa dadasturebuli _ Kav/Kev, o-s 

miGebis orive gza dasaSvebia; Kav fuZisagan II kavSrebiTi -a su- 

fiqsiT unda warmoebuliKo (i-Kv-a-s ← i-Kav-a-s), Ke Kev Ke 

fuZisagan 

_ -e sufiqsiT (i-Kv-e-s ← i-Kev-e-s). orive es varianti dasturdeba 

dialeqtebSi (iKvas, iKves). 

g) sakiTxi amgvarad SeiZleba dasmuliKo im zmnaTa mimar- 

Tac, romelTa fuZeebis aseve paraleluri variantebia dadasturebuli: 

yer yer º º yar yar, yar , cer cer º º car car, car , Ter º º Tar Tar, Tar 

magram saliteraturo 

enis TvalsazrisiT msJelobisas am zmnaTa mxolod e xmovnian 

variantebs unda davemKaroT. 

25 25....5555. 25 25 . . . wKveti wKve wKve wKveti 

tili tili 

lisa lisa 

sa sa da da da da II II II II kavSi kav kav kavSi 

Sire Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTis biTis 

Tis Tis mwkrivTa mwkriv mwkriv mwkrivTa 

Ta Ta 

warmoeeeebis warmo warmo warmo bis bis bis urTi ur ur urTi 

Tier Tier 

erTmi erTmimar 

Tmi Tmimar 

marTe marTe 

Tebi Tebi 

bisa bisa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis 

meore kavSirebiTis warmoebis ganxilvam wKvetilis warmoebasTan 

mimarTebiT araerTgvari suraTi warmogvidgina: er erTi er 

Ti 

mxriv mxriv, mxriv wKvetilis warmoebasa da II kavSirebiTis warmoebas Soris 

mKari Sesabamisobaa; mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs wKvetilis warmoebis III 

da IV Kalibis zmnebi: kavSirebiT II-Si -o sufiqsi iCens Tavs, roca 

wKvetili -e sufiqss dairTavs. wKvetilis formebs I da II Kalibis 

zmnebTan amgvarad ar miemarTeba II kavSirebiTis formebi: 

nawili -e sufiqsiT iwarmoebs II kavSirebiTs: nawili _ a sufiqsiT; 

erTi da imave zmnis moqmedebiTisa da Sesabamisi prefiqsiani 

vnebiTis wKvetilis formebi Tu warmoebis TvalsazrisiT sxvaobas 

ar gviCvenebs, amas ver vitKviT II kavSirebiTze. aq erT SemTxvevaSi 

identuri warmoeba gvaqvs (aGvZar-aGvZra, aGviZar-aGviZra), 

magram sxva SemTxvevaSi sxvaoba dasturdeba (davyer-davyra, 

daviyer-daviyre). Tu im Tvalsazriss davemKarebiT, rom II kavSirebiTisaTvis 

wKvetilis fuZea saKrdeni (arn. Ciqobava, 1962, gv. 

107), amgvari sxvaoba asaxsneli iqneba: erTgvari warmoeba wKvetilSi, 

gansxvavebuli _ meore kavSirebiTSi. sxvaobis safuZvels 

axal qarTulSi am tipis zmnebTan ZiriTadad zmnis gvari qmnis. 

gvaris faqtori am mwkrivTa warmoebis principze gavlenas ar axdenda 

Zvel qarTulSi: moqmedebiTi da vnebiTi gvaris zmnebs Tu 

419

420 


wKvetilSi identuri warmoeba hqondaT, aseve erTnairad iwarmoebdnen 

II kavSirebiTis formebs (vqmen _ viqmen, vqmne _ viqmne...); 

magram sxvaoba aqac TvalSisacemia: erTgvari warmoeba wKvetilisa, 

gansxvavebuli warmoeba meore kavSirebiTisa faqtia (aGvZar, 

viƒsen, magram ra Ta aGZra, viƒsne). 

amdenad, eyvqveS dgeba sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, rom wKvetilis 

fuZe saKrdenia II kavSirebiTis formisaTvis (rac TavisTavad imas 

gulisxmobs, rom wKvetilis mawarmoeblebi II kavSirebiTis forma- 

Sic ivaraudeba: ava-Sen-e ← ava-Sen-e-o..). 

rogorc aGvniSnavdiT, wKvetilis warmoebas ZiriTadad saKrdeni 

morfemis struqtura Seapirobebs. nulTan monacvle xmov- 

nis Semcveli saKrdeni morfema wKvetilis uniSno (resp. I da II 

piris formebSi ùfunqcio~, nulTan monacvle -i elementian) 

warmoebas varaudobs (I Kalibi); umarcvlo saKrdeni morfema -i 

elementian (romelic ar monacvleobs nulTan I da II piris formebSi) 

warmoebas gulisxmobs (II Kalibi). 

aseve, saKrdeni morfemis struqtura Seapirobebs II kavSirebiTis 

-a da -e formantebis gamovlenas I da II Kalibis zmnebTan 

(axal qarTulSi ZiriTadad vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi), oGond safuZveli 

Sepirobebisa sxvagvaria. Tu wKvetilis warmoebisas KuradGeba 

ar eqceva imas, saKrdeni morfemiseuli xmovani, romelic 

reducirdeba, ra xmovania, II kavSirebiTis warmoebisas amas 

arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniyeba. 

axal qarTulSi II kavSirebiTis -a da -e sufiqsTa ganawilebisas 

Tu gvaris faqtors garkveuli KuradGeba mieqca (moqmedebiTi 

gvaris zmnebSi warmoebis unifikacia moxda), wKvetilis 

warmoebaSi am faqtoris moqmedeba gamoricxulia. 

amgvarad, -a da -e sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTis warmoebis saki- 

Txis ganxilva im daskvnis gakeTebis safuZvels gvaZlevs, rom 

wKvetilis fuZe ar aris saKrdeni II kavSirebiTisaTvis. wKvetilis 

mawarmoeblebi II kavSirebiTis formaSi ar ivaraudeba. orive am 

mwkrivisTvis saerTo fuZea saKrdeni. wKvetilisa da II kavSirebi- 

Tis warmoebas ZiriTadad saKrdeni morfemis struqtura gansazGvravs; 

ganmsazGvreli piroba sxvadasxvagvaria. II kavSirebiTis 

-a da -e e e sufiqsTa ganawilebisas garkveul mniSvnelobas gvaris 

faqtoric iZens. 

Tu -a da -e sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTis SemTxvevaSi SesaZle-


belia am daskvnis gakeTeba, amasve ver vitKviT -o sufiqsiani II 

kavSirebiTis mimarT; magram, vfiqrobT, amjamindeli viTareba am 

mxriv meoreulia. 

IV Kalibis zmnur formaTa amosaval saxed ava avagev ava 

gev tipis 

warmoeba ivaraudeba; istoriulad wKvetilis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT 

am tipis zmnebi I Kalibisa iKo: saKrdeni morfema -ev ev nul- 

Tan monacvlea da, amdenad, wKvetili uniSno unda hqonoda. saKrdeni 

morfemiseuli e xmovnis nulTan monacvleoba am tipis 

zmnebTan II kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad -e sufiqss gvavaraudebinebs. 

wKvetili: ava ava-g-ev ava ev ev, ev , II kavS.: ava ava-g-v-e ava 

← ava-g-ev-e. 

aqedan gamomdinare, sarwmuno Cans mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, 

rom II kavSirebiTis -o sufiqsi istoriulad ve ve kompleqsis 

SerwKmis Sedegadaa miGebuli (g. rogava, 1945). fonetikur niadagze 

warmoqmnili o-s damoukidebel morfologiur odenobad 

miCneva, iseve rogorc -ev ev formantis v Tanxmovanmokvecili e 

elementis wKvetilis -e sufiqsTan (avaSen-e) funqciuri gaigiveba, 

gviandeli movlenaa _ -ev ev formantis Tavdapirveli funqciis 

gauCinarebisa da misi morfologiuri reinterpretaciis Semdegi 

procesia. amdenad, IV Kalibis zmnebSi Sesabamisoba _ wKvetilis 

-e: II kavSirebiTis -o _ orive am mwkrivisaTvis saerTo saKrden 

morfemasTan, -ev ev ev formantTan, dakavSirebuli fonetikuri da morfologiuri 

cvlilebebis Sedegia. Sesabamisoba mKaria ara imitom, 

rom wKvetilis -e sufiqsiani warmoeba Seapirobebs II kavSirebiTis 

-o sufiqsian warmoebas, aramed orive am mwkrivisaTvis 

saerTo saKrdeni morfemaa -ev ev ev, ev romelic sxvadasxvagvar transformacias 

ganicdis wKvetilsa Tu II kavSirebiTSi. sxvagvarad: 

es Sesabamisoba imis maCvenebeli ki ar aris, rom wKvetilis fuZe 

aris saKrdeni II kavSirebiTisaTvis, aramed saerTo saKrdeni morfema 

sxvadasxvagvar fonetikur cvlilebas ganicdis da am cvlilebis 

Sedegad mKardeba Sesabamisoba. 

Cveni TvalsazrisisaTvis erT-erT mniSvnelovan sabuTad 

kvlav xevsuruli dialeqtis Cveneba gvesaxeba: rogorc aGvniSnavdiT, 

ava avagev ava gev tipis warmoebis arseboba am dialeqtSi ar ivaraudeba. 

aqedan gamomdinare, arc -o sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTi unda 

gvqonoda. xevsurulSi, rogorc cnobilia, avi avi-G-i, avi , ga gavi ga 

vi vi-g-i... vi ... tipis 

morfema -i elements gamoavlens wKvetilSi (Sdr.: salitera- 

421

422 


turo qarTulis dava-b-i, Cav-sx-i...); igive saKrdeni morfema -a 

sufiqss varaudobs II kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad. asecaa am dialeqtSi: 

avi-G-a, gavi-g-a... -a sufiqsis unifikacia xevsurulSi II 

kavSirebiTis warmoebisas -e sufiqsis xarJze moxda. -a iyers -e-s 

adgils. ara gvaqvs safuZveli davuSvaT -o sufiqsis arseboba saerTod 

am dialeqtSi. 

momxdari fonetikuri procesebisa da morfologiuri reinterpretaciis 

safuZvelze damKarebuli Sesabamisoba IV Kalibis 

zmnebSi _ wKvetilis -e: II kavSirebiTis -o _ unda iKos safuZve- 

li imisa, rom mas Semdeg, rac -e e (← ev ev) ev 

) gaazrebul iqna III Kalibis 

zmnebTan gamovlenili wKvetilis -e sufiqsis tolfasad, mesame 

Kalibis zmnebTanac -o sufiqsi Cndeba II kavSirebiTSi. III 

Kalibis zmnaTa saKrdeni morfema marcvlovani da ukumSvelia. 

ramdenadac aq ar aris piroba II kavSirebiTis -e sufiqsis gamovlenisa, 

odindeli mawarmoebeli mwkrivisa am tipis zmnebTan -a 

sufiqsi unda KofiliKo. 

amgvarad, -o sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTis SemTxvevaSi mdgomareoba 

meoreulia: erTi nawili istoriulad -a sufiqsiT iwarmoebda 

gansaxilveli mwkrivis formebs, meore nawili _ -e sufiqsiT. 

mas Semdeg, rac damKarda Sesabamisoba _ wKvetilis -e: II 

kavSirebiTis o, TavisTavad cxadia, Kvela SemTxvevaSi ver miviCnevT 

II kavSirebiTis -o sufiqsisaTvis amosavlad ve ve ve kompleqss 

(iseve rogorc subieqturi mesame piris -o sufiqsisaTvis va va kompleqss). 

amjamad -o o o damoukidebeli mawarmoebelia -a da -e formantTa 

gverdiT da formobrivad miemarTeba wKvetilis -e sufiqss. 

Kovelive zemoTqmuli amgvari daskvnis gakeTebis safuZvels 

gvaZlevs: wKve wKveti wKve wKveti 

tilis ti lis fu fuZe fu 

Ze ar aris saKrde saKrdeni saKrde 

ni II kav kavSi kav 

Si Sire 

rebi 

biTi 

Tisa 

sa- sa 

Tvis Tvis Tvis arc arc is isto is isto 

tori 

riulad ri lad da da da arc arc am amja am amja 

jamad 

mad. mad . ori orive ori 

ve am am am mwkr mwkrivi mwkr vi visa 

saTvis sa Tvis 

sa saer sa 

er erTo er To fu fuZea fu 

Zea Zea saKrde saKrdeni saKrde saKrdeni 

ni. ni mKari formobrivi Sesabamisoba meoreuli 

faqtia da ar ewinaaGmdegeba saerTo daskvnas.


$ $ 26. . mra mraval mra mraval 

valgzi 

gziso 

sobis so bis gamo gamoxat gamo gamoxat 

xatvi 

visa 

saTvis Tvis qar qarTul qar 

Tul TulSi Tul Si 

22226666....1111. . . . mraval mra mra mraval 

valgzi valgziso 

gzi gziso 

sobis sobis 

bis bis kate ka ka kate 

tego tego 

gori gori 

riiiiisa ri sa saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis 

a. SaniZe `qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebSi~ axali qar- 

Tuli enis mwkrivTa sistemis warmodgenisas wKvetilisa da brZanebiTis 

Semdeg II xolmeobiTsac asaxelebs: `me me meore me re xol xolme xol 

me meobi me bi biTi 

Ti~. Ti 

vambobT `xolmeobiTio~, radganac is mravalgzisobis gagebas Seicavs, 

romelic, Tu sanaTado forma ara gvaqvs, `xolme~-Ti unda 

gadmoices. vumatebT `meoreo~, radganac II seriaSi Sedis. magali- 

Tebi: vweri (davweri), vaSene (avaSeni)~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 220). 

KuradGeba mivaqcioT magaliTebs da Semdeg SeniSvnas: `naSTis saxiT 

am mwkrivis forma saKovelTaod ìcis~ da ùwKis~ zmnaTa saxiT 

SemogvrCa. oGond maT drois TvalsazrisiT exlandelis gageba 

miiGes...~ da mTavari:: ès mwkrivi axal qarTulSi saKovel- 

Taod aGar aris, _ zogierT kilos SehrCa. mis nacvlad sxva kiloebma 

da saliteraturo enam SeimuSava I xolmeobiTi, romelic 

uwKvetels gamoeKo. es SemuSaveba paralelurad xdeboda II xolmeobiTis 

gadavardnasTan erTad~ (iqve, gv. 221). am SemTxvevaSi II 

xolmeobiTi ganxilulia rogorc axali qarTulis faqti, oGond 

ara axali qarTuli saliteraturo enisa (igulisxmeba organuli 

warmoeba), Tumca magaliTebi (vweri _ davweri, vaSeni _ avaSeni) 

Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enisaa (Tu dialeqtebis?). avtori 

II xolmeobiTis amgvar formebs sxva sakiTxebze msJelobisasac 

moiSveliebs: ÌI seriis formebi am zmnisa Kvela srulia: naxa, naxos, 

naxis, naxe~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 271) da sxva. funqcia zustdeba: 

`mwkrivi ixmareba mravalJer gameorebuli moqmedebis aGsaniSnavad. 

agreTve is gadmogvcems C v e u l e b i T s moqmedebas, 

mudam gameorebul moqmedebas da amitom SeiZleba, rom is warsul 

dros ki aGar Seicavdes, aramed sul daclili iKos drois 

elementisagan~ (iqve, gv. 221). sxvagan zustdeba: `mravalgziTi 

forma `xolme~-s gagebas Seicavs. es `xolme~ SeiZleba daerTos 

zmnis formas, magram rom ar daerTos, imiTac ara daSavdeba ra~ 

(iqve, gv. 211). es dazusteba imiTac aris saintereso, rom swored 

am gagebam misca safuZveli terminis SerCevas _ x o l m e o - 

b i T i. isic sagulisxmoa: a. SaniZe imazec amaxvilebs KuradGebas, 

rom x o l m e s gageba araa erTaderTi am formebisaTvis: `Tu 

moqmedeba meordeba, is SeiZleba Cveulebad gadaiqces. amitom 

423

424 


mravalgzisi formebi iseT moqmedebasac gadmoscems, romlebic 

Cveulebad aris qceuli. amitom aseT formebs C v e u l e b i T - 

s a c eZaxian~ (iqve, gv. 221). aq aGvniSnoT isic, rom swored 

x o l m e o b i T i aris erT-erTi is termini, romelic a. SaniZis 

wKalobiT marJved SeirCa da damkvidrda samecniero gramatikaSi: 

`x o l m e o b i T i kargad nawarmoebi terminia: `x o l m e~ _ 

`x o l m e o b i T i~ (Sdr. `T u r m e~ _ `T u r m e o b i T i~, 

SemoGebuli ak. SaniZisave mier). misi mTavari nakli isaa, rom advilad 

ireva `mrvalgziTSi~: àkeTebs xolme~ SeiZleba ise iqnes 

gagebuli, TiTqos `keTebis~ ganmeorebas eqceodes KuradGeba, namdvilad 

ki sayiroa gadmoices, rom moqmedeba `C v e u l e b r i v 

xdeba~, moqmedebas `C v e u l e b r i v a d aqvs adgili~. es rom ara, 

`x o l m e o b i T i~ SeniSvnas ar gamoiwvevda. saca wesia, ufro 

zusti iqneboda `C v e u l e b i T i~ anda _ kidev ufro _ `m i - 

m d i n a r e o b i T i~... amisda kvalad SeiZleba permansivis badlad 

davtovoT x o l m e o b i T i saTanado aqcentiT (`rac 

C v e u l e b r i v xdeba~, am gagebiT: rac xdeba x o l m e~) (arn. 

Ciqobava, 1948, gv. 7). 

* 

* * 

moqmedebis mravalgzisobis gamoxatva qarTuli zmnis erTerTi 

arsebiTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania. erTgzisi (erTxel Sesrulebuli 

moqmedeba) da mravalgzisi (mravalJer Tu Cveulebriv 

Sesrulebuli moqmedeba) qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriis 

manZilze gairCeoda erTmaneTisagan; Tumca am garCevas 

sxvadasxva saxe hqonda: organuli warmoeba xolmeobiTisa Cven 

Tvalwin bardeba warsuls da mis adgils aGweriTi warmoeba 

iyers. Cven SevecdebiT am tendenciasac gavadevnoT Tvali: ra 

gziT miemarTeba es cvlileba... 

26 26....2222. 26 26 . . . II II II II xolme xol xol xolme 

meoooobi me bi biTi biTi 

Ti Ti praqti praq praq praqti 

tikul tikul 

kul kul grama gra gra grama 

mati mati 

tikeb tikeb 

kebSi kebSi 

Si Si 

II xolmeobiTi imiTac aris saintereso, rom am formebs Zveli 

gramatikosebi TiTqos Kvelani amCneven, magram kvalifikacia 

am formebisa gansxvavebuli iKo; arc esaa SemTxveviTi: misi funqciuri 

Tavisebureba arTulebda saqmes. 

gavixsenoT: es umniSvnelovanesi morfologiuri odenoba


calke sauGlebel erTeulad ar gamoiKofa a n t o n T a n. vTqviT 

ukve es. gavimeorebT: antoni II xolmeobiTis formebs amCnevs, 

gamoKofs, magram funqciurad aigivebs mas uwKvetelTan _ II 

xolmeobiTsa da uwKvetels Soris funqciur sxvaobas ver xedavs: 

gan ganvi gan 

vi viba 

bani ba ni da gan ganvi gan 

vi viba 

bane 

nebo 

bodi 

di, di , Se Sevik Se 

vik vikri vik ri da Se Sevik Se 

vik vikvro 

vrodi vro di misTvis 

mniSvnelobiT erTi da igive odenobebia. sworia antonis xedva, 

roca Zveli qarTulis II xolmeobiTSi (ganvibani, Sevikri...) imave 

mniSvnelobas xedavs, rac aqvs misdroindeli qarTulis uwKvetlis 

formebs (ganvibanebodi, Sevikvrodi...), oGond erTi Zveli 

qarTulia da meore _ axali. maTi gverdigverd daKeneba doneebis 

aGrevaa. Zvel qarTulSi II xolmeobiTis gverdiT uwKvetels 

es funqcia ar hqonda; axali qarTulis uwKvetlis formaTa 

gverdiT ki II xolmeobiTi aGara gvaqvs. zemoTac vTqviT: antoni 

axali qarTulis poziciidan yvrets am movlenas; Secdomis 

wKaroc esaa; amitomac ver SeZlo II xolmeobiTis calke sauGlebel 

erTeulad gamoKofa. 

II xolmeobiTis formaTa saintereso daxasiaTeba mogvca 

p. i o s e l i a n m a. igi saubrobs am formaTa awmKos formebTan 

msgavsebaze, ufro sworad, awmKos droisad miiCnevs maT da sworad 

gamoKofs mawarmoebels: àrian romelime zmnani awmdgomsa 

drosa Sina xmarebulni hxSirobiTad damatebiTa bolo sa asoTa 

i. mag. ufali mhsaJul-ars, ese daamdablis, da ese aGamaGlis da 

sx. xolo pirovnad: davamdabli, avamaGli da sx... 

sxo: ese g…arsa odesca mdabiursa saubarsa Sina daemetebis 

marc…ali xolme, maSin niSnavs qmnilsa usrulsa drosa, mag. davamdabli 

xolme, Sevswiri xolme da sx.~ (p. ioseliani, 1840, gv. 

72). aq xol xolme xol me nawilakis funqciac ikveTeba; xolmeobiTis funqcias 

swored am nawilakian formebSi xedavs. 

aSkarad wingadadgmuli nabiJia II xolmeobiTis formaTa gagebaSi 

T. j o r d a n i a s `qarTul gramatikaSi~ warmodgenili 

msJeloba: `qarTul enas aqvs dr dro dr 

o sa sama sa 

ma mara 

radi 

diso di so anu ga gaxSi ga gaxSi 

xSire 

rebi rebi 

biTi 

Ti, Ti 

ra saTvis daemateba aso ì~, mag. `va-ri~, `xa-ri~ e. i. mudam var, 

xar (da ara mxolod exla), mag. `Ze Cemi xar-i Sen~ (fsal. 2). 

namKo dros ki xSirad miemateba: `movid-is, wavid-is, monax-is... 

gamovid-i, gamovsc-i, vismin-i da sxv. (mravl. movidi-an, gamovidi- 

425

426 


an)~ (T. jordania, 1889, gv. 60). rogorc vxedavT, formebi sworad 

aris SemCneuli, daxasiaTebuli (`samaradiso~ anu `gaxSirebiTi~), 

sworadaa mawarmoebeli gamoKofili, ganmartebuli (`mudam 

var~...), magram ramdenadac moulodnelia, uGlebis srul paradigmaSi 

am formebs adgili ar moeZebneba; rogorc Cans, T. 

j o r d a n i a am SemTxvevaSi tradicias uwevs angariSs... 

a n t o n T a n, p. i o s e l i a n T a n da T . j o r d a n i - 

a s T a n II xolmeobiTis formebi ar ganixileba, rogorc Zveli 

movlena (Zveli qarTulis). am avtorebTan, faqtobriv, ar imiJneba 

Zveli da axali qarTuli saliteraturo ena. es gamiJvna praqtikos 

gramatikosTagan p. k v i c a r i Z e m moaxdina; gavixsenoT 

misi msJeloba I TurmeobiTis formaTa Sesaxeb: `namKo odes usrulsa 

da sruls dros Zvels Zvels qar qarTul qar Tul ena enaSi ena 

Si nacvlad nabolarisa 

ia ia, ia uzis zogan ies ies~... ies ies (p. kvicariZe, 1888, gv. 117-118). swored 

p. k v i c a r i Z e mianiSnebs imaze, rom II xolmeobiTi Zveli qar- 

Tulis kuTvnilebaa: àm formas axali mwerlebi yirsaviT eridebian, 

TiTqos zogJer umisoba SeiZlebodes~ (iqve, gv. 125). Tumca 

iqve daamatebs: `garna aqa-iqa axals mwerlebsac uxmariaT, mag. 

`gadabrundis Cveni ciga, kotriela, kotriela~ r. e.~ e. i. p. kvicariZisaTvis 

II xolmeobiTi Zveli qarTulis faqtia, axal qar- 

TulSi SemorCenilia naSTis saxiT. 

26 26....3333. 26 26 . . . II II II II xolme xol xol xolme 

meoooobi me bi biTi biTi 

Ti Ti da da da da niko ni ni niko 

ko ko maaaari mm 

m ri ri ri 

ase mivediT n i k o m a r a m d e. 

sakmaod moulodnelia is faqti, rom xolmeobiTi, rogorc 

damoukidebeli sauGlebeli erTeuli Zvel qarTulSi, ar 

gamouKvia n. m a r s. amis Taobaze msJelobs a r n. C i q o b a v a 

n. maris `Zveli saliteraturo qarTuli enis gramatikis~ Sesaxeb 

1926 w. daweril recenziaSi. moviKvanT vrcel amonarids: àrsada 

Cans penmansivi (anu habitualisi): man man klis klis... klis d i a l e q t u - 

r i a o r i s t i s saxelwodebiT aris igi monaTluli `ZiriTad 

tabulebSi~ da moxsenebulia `sintaqsurad aGmocenebul forma- 

Ta Soris~ (ix. gv. 11); Kovel SemTxvevaSi uGlebis sistemaSi adgils 

moklebulia. 

es formalurad umarTebuloa: Zvel qarTulSi Cveulebrivia 

formebi, rogoricaa: man klis, daweris, dafaris... maSasadame,


araviTari ufleba ara gvaqvs formaTa aGwe aGwera aGwe aGwera 

ra-da ra da dala 

lage 

gebi 

bisas bi sas saTanado 

adgilas (aoristis JgufSi) es ar SevitanoT. amisaTvis ara 

aqvs mniSvneloba, Tu rogor vxsniT vxsniT mas: miviCnevT mas dialeqtur 

Tu xalxur aoristad. 

arsebiTad am formis ugulebelKofa miT ufro SeuwKnarebelia, 

rom igi Tavisebur, metad mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs 

uGlebis sistemaSi: mas mas Se SeuZ Se SeuZ 

uZlia uZ lia awmKos gver gverdiT gver 

diT mo mogvev mo 

gvev gvevli 

linos li nos 

pir pirve pir pirve 

veli ve li Jgu Jgufis Jgu 

fis dro droTa dro Ta warmo warmoebi warmo 

bi bisas bi sas da dasaKrde da 

saKrde saKrdenad 

saKrdenad 

nad. nad Tavdapirveli 

misi Sinaarsi ar unda KofiliKo daSorebuli awmKosas; droTa 

saTanado formebis Sabloni roca SemuSavda, is aoristis amala- 

Si aGmoCnda (fuZis agebulebis wKalobiT). pirvandeli mdgomareobis 

kvali mainc darCa: es aris zogierT zmnaTa uGleba: 

1. vidis (awmKo=permans.) _ vidoda/is (nam. usr.) _ vidodes 

(TanauGvlebiTi pirv.): awmKois `vals~ sxva rigisaa: vals, vlida, 

vlides; mo-vlo, mo-vlis, mo-vlos... (transitivia). 

2. man icis, uwKis (awmKo=permansivi): icoda, uwKoda; icodes 

_ uwKodes. _ Semdeg amaT aGar uwarmoebiaT meore Jgufis 

formebi, iseve rogorc zmnebs: K‚ris, tiris, qris (maTi meore 

Jgufi i-TavsarTiani, mediali aGar aris!); samagierod transitivebma: 

ƒsnis, gzavnis, (awmK.) _ man gzavnis (perm.); mxolod konstruqciiT 

arian eseni garCeuli; iKvnen ki erTi da igive forma... 

am tipis zmnaTagan bevrma SemdegSi fuZeebic ganasxvava: awmKo _ reduqciani 

(Slis, Txris), aoristi _ ureduqcio (Salis, Txaris < 

Sala, Txara), raic Semdegi xnis ambavia; damaxasiaTebelia, rom reduqciani 

forma (pirvandeli permansivi) SerCa awmKos...~ (arn. Ciqobava, 

1926, gv. 312). is faqti, rom II xolmeobiTi n. m a r T a n ar 

gamoiKo damoukidebel sauGlebel erTeulad Zveli qarTuli 

enisaTvis, miT ufro gaugebaria, rom praqtikul gramatikebSi 

sworad iKo Sefasebuli es formebi da, rac mTavari, a. S a n i - 

Z e am sakiTxze msJelobs Tavis adreul SromebSi: 

1915 wels petrogradSi gamoica `krebuli~ i. JavaxiSvilis 

redaqtorobiT, romelSic daibeyda a. SaniZis naSromi `qarTuli 

kiloebi mTaSi~, sadac vkiTxulobT: `gansakuTrebiT saKuradGeboa 

is garemoeba, rom mTaSi Senaxulia dGevandlamde erTi dro, romelic 

gamoxatavs mravalgziT moqmedebas da romelic namKo srulis 

Temisagan warmoebs. am drois formebs mxolod Zvel qar- 

Tulsa da qiziKurSi vpoebT~ (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 19). 

427

428 


ufro vrceli da safuZvliani msJeloba am Temaze mocemulia 

a. SaniZis monografiaSi `subieqturi prefiqsi meore pirisa 

da obieqturi prefiqsi mesame pirisa qarTul zmnaSi~, romelic 

1920 wels gamoica. vkiTxulobT: `namKo mravalgziTi~, kacma rom 

Tqvas, gansazGvruli dro ar aris: igi gamoxatavs moqmedebas ara 

romelsame droSi gansazGvruls (namKosa, awmKosa, Tu mKofadSi), 

aramed iseTs, romelic KovelTvis Cveulebrivia da marad damaxasiaTebelia 

moqmedi pirisaTvis. amitom unda vifiqroT, rom mravalgzisi 

namKos formebi qarTuli zmnis uZvelesi formaciis 

droisa unda iKos. es mravalgziTi namKo axalma saliteraturo 

enam xmarebidan gandevna, magram igi Seinaxa zogma kilom, magali- 

Tad, mTis kiloebma da qiziKurmac. misi xmareba sitKvas did sicxoveles 

hmatebs~ (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 119). 

a. SaniZisve cnobiT, es Sroma ìbeydeboda ruseTis samecni- 

ero akademiis материали по Яфетическому языкознанию seriaSi. 

stambaSi Cabarebul iKo 1915 wlis Semodgomaze. daibeyda sami 

rveuli (48 gverdi), magram wignis damTavreba, sxvadasxva dabrkolebaTa 

gamo, ver moxerxda~ (a. SaniZe, 1981, gv. 530). am seriis 

redaqtori n. mari iKo... 

26 26....4444. 26 26 . . . organuli organuli organuli organuli warmoeeeebi warmo warmo warmo bi bidan bidan 

dan dan aGweri aGwe aGwe aGweri 

riTi riTi 

Tisa Tisa 

saken saken 

ken ken 

II xolmeobiTis organuli warmoebis aGweriTiT Secvla 

erT-erTi principuli xasiaTis gansxvavebaa Zvelsa da axal saliteraturo 

qarTuls Soris. `mravalgzisobis gamomxatvel organul 

formaTa moSlis es procesi (ise ki, rom mravalgzisobis 

funqcia SemogvrCa) enaSi mimdinare formobrivi abstraqciis 

TvalnaTlivi nimuSia~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1995, gv. 389). TavisTavad 

saintereso: ena sayirod miiCnevs funqciurad daapirispiros er- 

Tgzisi da mravalgzisi moqmedeba, magram cvlis am dapirispirebis 

saxes: erT SemTxvevaSi es morfologiurad xdeboda (da xdeba 

dGesac zog idiomaSi), meore SemTxvevaSi am dapirispirebas 

aramorfologiuri saSualebebi axdenen. `formaTa erTi sistemis 

funqcionirebis gafarToebis xarJze xdeba formobrivi mravalferovnebisa 

da nairgvarobis nivelireba, morfologiuri dapirispirebis 

adgils konteqsturi gansxvavebis kriteriumi ikavebs~ 

(b. JorbenaZe, 1995, gv. 389). msgavsi SemTxveva araerTia. gavixse-


noT: momavali drois gamoxatvis Zveli qarTulis viTareba rogor 

icvleba; Tundac aspeqtis gamoxatvis sistema; enaSi rCeba 

aucilebloba amgvari dapirispirebisa (axlandeli _ momavali _ 

warsuli; sruli _ usruli), icvleba dapirispirebis saxe... Tumca 

es ufro zogadi msJelobaa. konkretulad: qronologiurad 

organuli warmoebis moSla da aGweriTze gadasvla im periods 

emTxveva, roca qarTulSi àspeqtis kategoriam aGniSna, ase 

vTqvaT, didi moxveuli qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriaSi 

da amiT garkveuli miJna daido Zvel qarTulsa da axals Soris~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 271); da kidev: àspeqtis sistemis TandaTanobiT 

cvlasTan dakavSirebiT daiwKo TxrobiT-kiloiani momavali 

drois gamoxatva awmKos mwkrivisagan gamoKofilis axali mwkrivis 

saSualebiT, e. i. I seriis mwkriviT, rac Zvel qarTulSi SeuZlebeli 

iKo... sistemis Secvlis procesi (igulisxmeba aspeqtis sistemisa 

da masTan dakavSirebiT momavali drois gamoxatvisa _ g. 

g.) damTavrebulia axal qarTulSi, Tumca magaliTebi Zveli sistemis 

movlenebisa dGevandel qarTulSic aris naSTis saxiT SemorCenili~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 271-272). 

swored am movlenebis gverdiT xdeba II xolmeobiTis organuli 

warmoebis moSla: `damowmebuli masala miuTiTebs, rom 

enaSi II xolmeobiTis moSla daiwKo... sainteresoa, rom Cven mier 

moKvanili magaliTebis umravlesoba iseT ZeglebSi aris dadasturebuli, 

romlebic samxreT saqarTvelos samwerlobo kerebidan 

momdinareoben. safiqrebelia, rom samxreT qarTul dialeq- 

tur arealSi, romelsac emKareba VIII-XI saukuneTa qarTuli samwerlobo 

ena, II xolmeobiTi moiSala~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 

451). Tumca aq zogi ram dasazustebelia: ufro sworad, samecniero 

literaturaSi II xolmeobiTis Canacvleba wKvetiliT zog 

SemTxvevaSi II xolmeobiTis moSlis mauwKebeli ar unda iKos. 

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs msgavsi magaliTebi: `rameTu mravalgzis 

Jay‚Ta da borkilTa Sekrul iKo iKo igi~ (mrk. 5. 4); `maradis dGe 

da Game samarobisa Sina da mTaTa Sina iKo iKo...~ iKo (mrk. 5, 5c); `da 

mravalgzis cecxlsa STa STaag STa STaag 

agdo ag do ege da wKalsa~ (mrk. 9, 92); `yeSmaritebaman 

Senman maradis Se SemiwKna Se 

miwKna miwKnana miwKna na me, A 3869r, 1-2 da sxva~ (z. 

sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 451); vfiqrobT, es SemTxvevebi sxvagvarad 

unda iqnes kvalificirebuli: angariSi unda gaewios konteqsts 

da konteqsturad gamoxatuli mravalgzisobis mimarTebis saki- 

429

430 


Txi gairkves morfologiurad gamoxatul mravalgzisobasTan; 

cxadia, es movlenis istorias _ organuli warmoebis aGweriTze 

gadasvlas _ ar Secvlis, Tumca maT Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi 

kavSiri SeiZleba iKos. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT: xolmeobiTis konteqsturad 

(an leqsikurad, aGweriTad) gamoxatvis SesaZleblobis 

arseboba SeiZleba gamxdariKo xelisSemwKobi faqtori (da 

ara mizezi) organuli warmoebis moSlisa da aGweriTi warmoebis 

CamoKalibebisa. 

26 26....5555. 26 26 . . . xolme xol xol xolme 

meoooobi me bi biTis biTis 

Tis Tis mwkrivi mwkri mwkri mwkrivi 

vi vi da da da da leqqqqsi le le le si siku siku 

kurad kurad 

rad rad 

gamoxat gamo gamo gamoxat 

xatuuuuli xat li li li mraaaaval mr mr mr val valgzi valgziso 

gzi gziso 

soba soba 

ba ba Zvel Zvel Zvel Zvel qarTul qar qar qarTulSi 

Tul TulSi 

Si Si 

viciT: axal qarTul saliteraturo enaSi xolmeobiTis morfologiuri 

kategoria aGar mogvepoveba. xolmeobiTisa (Tu 

mravalgzisobis) Sinaarsis gadmocema ZiriTadad aGweriTad xdeba: 

amave Sinaarsis matarebel leqsikur erTeulTa (mudam, KovelTvis, 

xSirad...) Tu nawilakTa (xolme, Ke/ke _ dialeqtebSi) 

meSveobiT: 

mucela m u d a m G a m e lo locu lo locu 

culob 

lobda lob da (vaja); 

Cveni qveKana K o v e l T v i s qebuli iK iKo... iK (l. qiaCeli); 

x S i r a d adre mofrenil mercxals susxi da sicive 

klavs klavs klavs (akaki); 

z a m T r o b i T mgeli es estum es estum 

tumre 

reba re ba x o l m e xmel wifels 

(vaja)... 

aq Kvela SemTxvevaSi xolmeobiToba leqsikurad gamoixateba. 

es SesaZlebloba Zvel qarTulSic gvqonda. ra mimarTeba iKo morfologiurad 

gamoxatul xolmeobiTobasa da leqsikurad gamoxatul 

xolmeobiTobas Soris? ramdenad iguebs erTi meores? 

swori qarTulis TvalsazrisT ramdenadaa marTebuli maTi Tanaarseboba 

erT konteqstSi? 

morfologiuri gamoxatva xolmeobiTobisa zogadi miTiTebaa 

procesze, magram zogJer rogorc xolmeobiTis, ise mravalgzisobis 

Sinaarsis gadmocemisas sayiro iKo dazusteba, dakonkreteba 

xolmeobiTobisa Tu mravalgzisobis xasiaTisa. amitomac 

gamoiKenebs xolmeobiTobisa Tu mravalgzisobis Sinaarsis Semcvel 

leqsikur erTeulebs. magaliTad:



meobi me bi biTo biTo 

Tobi 

bisa 

saTvis 

Tvis: Tvis `ra Ta ara m a r a d i s movidodis~ 

(l. 18, 5, DE). 

mra mraval mra mraval 

valgzi 

gziso 

sobi 

bisa 

saTvis 

Tvis: Tvis `m r a v a l g z i s waritacis, da Seborkilian 

Jay‚Ta da sakrveliTa da scved da ganxeTqis 

sakrveli da idevnebin eSmakisa misgan udabnoTa~ 

(l. 8, 29 C). 

magram aq erTi saintereso sakiTxi iCens Tavs: leqsikurad 

gamoxatuli xolmeobiTobis an mravalgzisobis SemTxvevaSi enobrivi 

TvalsazrisiT (ufro sworad, stilisturad) ramdenad mar- 

Tebulia aseTi konstruqcia: xolmeobiTis Sinaarsis mqone leqsikur 

erTeulTa gverdiT xolmeobiTis mwkrivis formebi; mxedvelobaSi 

gvaqvs zemomoKvanili magaliTebi: 

maradis movidodis; 

mravalgzis waritacis; 

mravalgzis ganxeTqis da sxv. 

aris Tu ara es azrobrivi gameoreba (tavtologia) da, Sesabamisad, 

fraza stilisturad gamarTuli? aris Tu ara es ise- 

Tive enobrivi uzustoba, rogoricaa ricxviTi saxeliT gamoxatuli 

msazGvrelis gverdiT -eb eb eb-ian eb mravlobiTSi dasmuli sazGvruli: 

mra mrava mra mrava 

vali va li ada adami ada 

mi miane mi ne nebi 

bi? bi vfiqrobT, ki. 

stilisturi TvalsazrisiT gamarTul variantebad unda miviCnioT 

iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca xolmeobiTis formebis gverdiT 

ar gvxvdeba xolmeobiTis Sinaarsis mqone leqsikuri erTeulebi 

da piriqiT: xolmeobiTis Sinaarsis mqone leqsikur erTeulTa 

gverdiT _ xolmeobiTis mwkrivTa formebi: 

maradis movidoda; 

mraval gzis waritaca; 

mraval gzis ganxeTqa da misTanani. 

am TvalsazrisiT erTi da imave Zeglis sxvadasxva redaqciis 

Sedareba saintereso suraTs qmnis: zemomKvanili magaliTi oTx- 

Tavis Jruy-parxlis redaqciisaa: 

ra Ta ara ma mara ma 

ra radis ra dis mo movi mo 

vi vido 

dodis do dis (l. 18,5 DE); 

amis paralelurad adiSis redaqciaSi vkiTxulobT: 

ra Ta ara mo movi mo 

vi vido 

dodis do dis (l. 18, 5 C). 

431

432 

sxva magaliTi: 


DE redaqcia: `rameTu ma mara ma mara 

radis 

dis Game da dGe saflavebsa da 

mTaTa gare iq iqce iq iqce 

cevi 

vian vi an (mr. 5, 5 DE); 

C redaqcia: da ma mara ma 

ra radis ra dis dGe da Game samarobansa Sina da 

mTaTa Sina iKo iKo (mr. 5, 5 C). 

C); 

DE). 

kidev erTi nimuSi: 

C redaqcia: da mra mraval mra mra val gzis gzis cecxlsa STa STaag STa STaag 

agdis ag dis (mrk. 9, 22 

DE redaqcia: da mra mraval mra val gzis gzis cecxlsa STa STaag STa STaag 

agdo 

do (mrk. 9, 22 

ase vTqvaT, stilsturad gamarTuli varianti erT SemTxve- 

vaSi C redaqciaSia, meore SemTxvevaSi _ DE redaqciaSi. am 

TvalsazrisiT Tundac oTxTavis redaqciaTa gamowvlilviT Seswavla, 

vfiqrobT, saintereso Sedegs mogvcems. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi 

warmoCndeba upirvelesad redaqtoris (Tu mTargmnelis) 

enobrivi alGo da intuicia. sainteresoa agreTve naTargmni 

Zeglebis SemTxvevaSi dednis monacemebis gaTvaliswinebac (samwuxarod, 

Cven es ver movaxerxeT): ram ubiZga mTargmnels Tu 

radaqtors tavtologiisaken. 

da kidev: is faqti, rom xolmeobiTis gamomxatvel leqsikur 

erTeulTa gverdiT araxolmeobiTi mwkrivebis formebi gamoiKeneba, 

rogorc vTqviT, mwignobris zusti enobrivi alGos 

Sedegia da ara magaliTi imisa, rom ènaSi dawKebulia II xolmeobiTis 

moSla~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 1979). faqtia, xolmeobiTis mwkriv- 

Ta gaqroba da maTi Canacvleba sxva mwkrivebiT enobrivi realobaa, 

magram es magaliTi amis dasturad ar gamodgeba. 

erTi sagulisxmo detalic: sakiTxis dasmisaTvis Cven mxolod 

ori Zegli SeviswavleT. naTargmni _ oTxTavis ori Zveli 

redaqcia da originaluri _ giorgi merCulis `grigol xanZTelis 

cxovreba~. giorgi merCulis TxzulebaSi Cven ver davadastureT 

vercerTi SemTxveva, xolmeobiTis gamomxatvel sitKvaTa 

gverdiT xolmeobiTis mwkrivis formebi rom KofiliKo damowmebuli. 

aseTi magaliTebi oTxTavis redaqciebSi dadasturda (zemomoKvanil 

magaliTebs vgulisxmobT). Tu es sakiTxi Semdgomi 

kvleva-Ziebis sagani gaxdeba, es faqti axsnas moiTxovs. rogorc


vTqviT zemoT, dednis gavlena ar unda gamoiricxos. 

erTi saintereso SemTxvevac; erTgvarSemasmenlian SerwKmul 

winadadebaSi xolmeobiTis Sinaarsis gamomxatveli leqsikuri er- 

Teulis uaxloesi Semasmeneli araxolmebiTis mwkrivis formiTaa 

warmodgenili, sxva _ xolmeobiTis mwkrivis formiT. e. i. leqsikuri 

erTeuli xolmeobiTis Sinaarss aniyebs uaxloes Semasmenels, 

sxvebi am Sinaarss zmnuri formidan iGeben: 

433 

rameTu m r a v a l g z i s Jay‚Ta da borkiliTa Sekrul 

iKo iKo da gan ganxeT gan 

xeT xeTqis xeT qis da Se Semus Se 

mus musris mus ris igi (mrk. 5,4 DE). 

da m a r a d i s d G e d a G a m e samarobansa Sina da 

mTaTa Sina iKo iKo, iKo iKo GaGadebn GaGadebn da qviTa da dait‚nvin 

da 

it‚nvin (mrk. 

5,5 C). 

albaT aqve unda ganvixiloT aseTi magaliTic: 

da arca GamÀ sanTeli aGan aGanTi aGan aGanTi 

Tian 

an, an aramed GamÀ iKo 

iKo 

fsalmuneba da dGisi wignis kiTxva da locva m a - 

r a d i s (merC. 1947, 118). 

zemoTac vTqviT: xSir SemTxvevaSi mwignobars surs, mianiSnos 

ara zogadad xolmeobiToba Tu mravalgzisoba, aramed daakonkretos, 

Tu ra saxisaa es xolmeobiToba Tu mravalgzisoba. 

am faqts vuwodebT xolmeobiTis aGweriT warmoebas. aGweriT 

warmoebaSi ZiriTadad gamoiKeneba zmnis awmKos, wKvetilisa da 

uwKvetlis formebi; saxeladi nawili (ase vTqvaT pirobiTad) amgvar 

konstruqciaSi sxvadasxva sitKviTaa warmodgenili. moviKvanT 

nimuSebs giorgi merCulis Txzulebidan: 

ma mara ma 

ra radis ra dis _ angelozni maTni ma mara ma mara 

radis ra dis x e d v e n pirsa mamisa 

Cemisasa zecaTa sa (merC. 1947, 117); simarTlesa Sina 

maTsa ma mara ma mara 

radis ra dis TavTa T‚sTa braloba a q u n d a 

(iqve); Ziri siwmidisa ma mara ma mara 

radis 

dis gulsa missa d a - 

n e r g u l i K o (iqve). 

rogorc vTqviT, zmna sxvadasxva mwkrivis formiT SeiZleba 

iKos warmodgenili. qvemoT TiTo magaliTs warmovadgenT. 

ma maradGe ma 

radGe _ SenTvis m o v s w K d e b i T Cuen ma maradGe ma radGe (iqve, 106). 

dGe dGe da da Game Game _ romeli ara g a n e S o r e b o d a taZrisagan 

uflisa dGe dGe da da Game Game locviTa da marxviTa (iqve, 

122-123).

434 


dGiTi dGiTi-dGe 

dGiTi dGe _ da da dGiTi dGiTi-dGe 

dGiTi dGe dGe a G o r Z n d e b o d e s Zmani 

(iqve, 106). 

siC siCCo siC siCCo 

Co Tgan Tganve Tgan ve _ rameTu siC siCCo siC Co Tgan Tganve Tgan 

ve G‚no da ƒorci ara 

S e ƒ d a pirsa missa (iqve, 100). 

sa saSo sa 

So Tgan Tganve Tgan 

ve de dedi de dedi 

disa di sa T T _ da sa saSo sa So Tgan Tganve Tgan 

ve de dedi de dedi 

disa di sa TT 

T S e - 

w i r u l i K o GmrTisa dedisagan T‚sisa (iqve). 

siKrmi siKrmidan siKrmi siKrmidan 

danve dan ve _ G‚no kula siKrmiT siKrmiTgan 

siKrmiT siKrmiTgan 

ganve gan ve ara e s u a (iqve, 

113). 

Kov Kovlad Kov Kovlad 

ladve lad ve _ da mravalni maTganni ara s u m i d e s G‚nosa 

Kov Kovlad Kov Kovlad 

ladve lad ve (iqve, 113). 

mKovar mKovar jam jam _ viTarca saxed eklesiisa naTlisa Grubeli 

gamoxatuli i d g a mKovar mKovar jam jam (iqve, 103). 


valjam val jam _ da mra mraval mra mraval 

valjam val jam martod u b n o b d e s netarni 

ese (iqve, 138). 

sam sam-gzis sam 

gzis _ rameTu damarxvasa sxuaTa micvalebulTasa sam sam- sam 

gzis gzis i p o v a Sinagan karsa akldamisasa mdebare (iqve, 

140). 

S‚d S‚d-gzis S‚d gzis _ ara Tu S‚d S‚d-gzis S‚d gzis oden S e u n d o ZmaTa dGesa 

Sina, aramed sameocdaaT Jer S‚d ‚d ‚d-gzis ‚d gzis (iqve, 106). 

magaliTebis gamravleba SeiZleba. `grigol xanZTels cxovrebidan~ 

sailustracio masala imitom movixmeT, rom am Zeglisa- 

Tvis Cveulebriv damaxasiaTebelia xolmeobiTis mwkrivis formebi; 

oriode magaliTi: 

anda: 

pirvelad gamo gamosca gamo gamosca 

scadis sca dis Kovelsa zeda keTilisa saqmesa, 

da ukueTu ipo ipovis ipo vis guliTa umanko , uzakuveli da 

udrt‚nvelad simdabliT morCili wadierad Kovelsa 

zeda keTilsa saqmesa, igi Se SeiwKna Se 

iwKna iwKnaris 

ris sixaruliT (iqve, 

107). 

da rajams mama grigol stumrad mi miiwi mi wi wiis wiis 

is iSxans, episkoposman 

sudarsa igi das‚ das‚s, das‚ da T‚T Tana daJdis Jdis Jdis, Jdis rameTu 

ara Tavs id idvis id vis urCeba netarisa grigolisi (iqve, 

119)... 

Sesabamisad, am ZeglebSi xolmeobiTis gamoxatvis aGweriTi 

warmoebis gamoKeneba xdeba ara imitom, rom moSlis gzazea xolmeobiTis 

morfologiuri kategoria, aramed imitom, rom a v t o -


r i s a T v i s x o l m e o b i T o b i s g a m o x a t v i s a G w e r iTi 

d a o r g a n u l i w a r m o e b a a r i s o r i S e s a Z l e b l o b a 

e r T i d a i m a v e S i n a a r s i s g a d m o s a c e m a d d a g a - 

m o i K e n e b s e r T - e r T m a T g a n s i m i s d a m i x e d v i T, T u 

m i s i m w e r l u r i a l G o r a s u k a r n a x e b s, r a s m i - 

i C n e v s s a y i r o d. e r T k o n s t r u q c i a S i o r i v e s a - 

S u a l e b a r o m a r g v x v d e b a, e s q a r T u l i e n i s S i - 

n a g a n i b u n e b i s G r m a w v d o m i s S e d e g i a. 

vfiqrob, es sakiTxi ufro Grma da gamowvlilviT Seswavlas 

sayiroebs. 

vimeorebT, es ar cvlis movlenis istorias; aman SeiZleba 

mxolod xeli SeuwKo (daaCqara) organuli warmoebis moSlas. 

22226666....6666. . . . mrvallllgzi mrva mrva mrva gziso gzi gziso 

sobis sobis 

bis bis gamomxat gamo gamo gamomxatvel 

mxat mxatvel 

vel vel mwkrivTa mwkriv mwkriv mwkrivTa 

Ta Ta 

ur urTi ur urTi 

Tier Tier 

erTo erTo 

Tobis Tobis 

bis bis saki sa sa saki 

kiTxi kiTxi 

Txi Txi Zvel Zvel Zvel Zvel qarTul qar qar qarTulSi 

Tul TulSi 

Si Si 

Zvel qarTul enaSi ramdenime mwkrivia mravalgzisobis gamomxatveli; 

saxelebi seriaTa mixedviT erqmeva: 


(da)-s-wer-d-i 

(da)-wer-d-i-s 


(da)-s-wer-d-i-T 

(da)-wer-d-i-an 

(da)-v-wer-i 

(da)-s-wer-i 

(da)-wer-i-s 

(da)-v-wer-i-T 

(da)-s-wer-i-T 

(da)-wer-i-an 

I I xol xolme xol 

me meobi me bi biTi bi Ti (anu uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi): 

Sdr. uwKveteli: (da)-v-wer-d-(i) 

(da)-s-wer-d-(i) 

(da)-wer-d-a 


(da)-s-wer-d-i-T 

(da)-wer-d-es 

II II xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi biTi bi Ti (anu wKvetilis xolmeobiTi) 

Sdr. wKvetili: (da)-v-wer-e 

(da)-s-wer-e 

(da)-wer-a 

(da)-v-wer-e-T 

(da)-s-wer-e-T 

(da)-wer-es 

435

436 

da-m-e-wer-i-s 

da-g-e-wer-i-s 

da-e-wer-i-s 


III III xol xolme xol xolme 


Ti (anu II TurmeobiTis xolmeobiTi) 

da-gu-e-wer-i-s / 

da-g-e-wer-i-s 

da-e-wer-i-s 

Sdr. II TurmeobiTi: 

da-m-e-wer-i-s 

da-m-e-wer-a 

da-g-e-wer-a 

da-e-wer-a 

da-gu-e-wer-a / da-m-e-wer-a 

da-g-e-wer-a 

da-e-wer-a 

rogorc viciT: kidev erT xolmeobiTze saubroben _ 

awmKos xolmeobiTze, romelic, a. SaniZis azrT, pirnaklia. amis 

Taobaze gvqonda zemoT saubari ($ 6.2). moepoveba mxolod III piris 

forma (a. SaniZe, 1976, gv. 91); z. sarJvelaZe srul paradigmas 

warmoadgens: I-II pirTa formebi emTxveva awmKosas (z. sarJvelaZe, 

2005, gv. 94). nimuSi: 

e. w. awmK awmK. awmK awmK. 

. xol xolme xol xolme 


Ti Sdr. awmKo: 

v-wer 

v-wer 

s-wer 

s-wer 

wer-n 

wer-s 

v-wer-T 

v-wer-T 

s-wer-T 

s-wer-T 

wer-ed 

wer-en 

zemoT aGvniSnavdiT, rom formobrivi TvalsazrisiT awmKos 

xolmeobiTis gamoKofa damoukidebel mwkrivad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos 

gamarTlebulad. III subieqturi piris niSanTa sistemaSi 

momxdari cvlilebebis kvaldakval moxda awmKoSi piris niSanTa 

gadanawileba, Tumca es procesi bolomde ver gatarda; rogorc 

Cans, mravalgzisobis kategoriis moSlam es tendencia uperspeqtivo 

gaxada. amis Taobaze ufro vrclad subieqturi mesame piris 

niSanTa sistemaze saubrisas vimsJeleT. 

rogorc Cans, ìstoriulad qarTulSi gvqonda moqmedebis 

erTgzisobisa da mravalgzisobis morfologiuri opozicia:

seria 

I seria 

II seria 

III seria 


gzisoba 

erTgzisi mravalgzisi 

(da)-wer-d-a 

(da)-wer-a 

(da)-e-wer-a 

(da)-wer-d-i-s 

(da)-wer-i-s 

(da)-e-wer-i-s 

(b. JorbenaZe, 1995, gv. 388). 

warmoebis principi, mimarTeba Sesabamisi erTgzisi moqmedebis 

gamomxatvel formasTan erTgvaria _ mravalgzis formebs er- 

Tgzisisagan -i elementi ganasxvavebs. cxadia, mravalgzisobis mawarmoebeli 

es -i sufiqsia. igi mwkrivis saKrden fuZesTan erTad 

qmnis mwkrivis formas. esaa mravalgzisobis gamoxatvis sistema: 

aq ar dgas sakiTxi mravalgzisi formebis erTgzisisagan momdinareobisa, 

anu imisa, rom mrvalgzisi formebisaTvis saKrdenia er- 

Tgzisis fuZe. samive SemTxvevaSi erTgzisi da mravalgzisi mwkrivebis 

fuZeebi erTmaneTs Canacvlebis principiT miemarTebian; iTqvas 

esec: Sesabamisi kavSirebiTis fuZec: 

0/(i) _ (da-)v-wer wer wer-d-(i) wer 

wer-d- -i _ (da-)v-wer wer wer-d-i wer 

-e _ (da-)v-wer wer wer-d-e wer 

e _ (da-)v-wer wer wer-e wer 

wer- i _ (da-)v-wer wer wer-i wer 

e _ (da-)v-wer wer wer-o wer 

e _ (da-)v-e-wer wer wer-e wer 

e-wer- i _ (da-)v-e-wer wer wer-i wer 

o _ (da-)v-e-wer wer wer-o wer 

* 

* * 

ar aris Cveni mizani funqciuri analizi xolmeobiTisa, ufro 

sworad, im sxvaobis garkveva, rac am sam xolmeobiTs Sorisaa. 

CvenTvis arsebiTi sxva aris: II xolmeobiTi aris ZiriTadi 

mrvalgzisobis gamomxatvel formaTa Soris: e. w. awmKos xolmeobiTis 

Taobaze vTqviT _ igi awmKos formobrivi variantia, zoga- 

437

438 


di awmKos funqcia rom itvirTa... gvian Cndeba da maleve qreba... 

uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis mwkrivic gviandeli warmonaqmni 

Cans. misi formebi Zveli qarTuli enis ZeglebSi iSviaTia. 

a. S a n i Z i s azriT, es mwkrivi X saukuneSi Cndeba da igi pirvandelia 

_ moepoveba mxolod III piris formebi (a. SaniZe, 1945, 

gv. 835). pirnaklad miiCnevs a r n . C i q o b a v a c; `mravalgziT~ 

formaze msJelobisas 1923 wels igi SeniSnavs: `Zveli qarTulis 

sami formaa cnobili am saxelwodebiT: e. w. I. awmKo mravalgzi- 

Ti (3 p. mxol. da mravl. ricxvi: ixarebn, gmobn, sTxovn... ixarebed, 

gmobed, sTxoved), II. namKo usruli mrvalgz. (3 p. mxol. da 

mravl. ricxvi: ixarebdis, gmobdis, sTxovdis... ixarebdian, gmobdian, 

sTxovdian) da III. namKo sruli (aoristi) mravalgziTi _ 

Kvela pirebisa: sTxovis, sTxovi, vsTxovi... sTxovian, sTxoviT, 

vsTxoviT... (arn. Ciqobava, 1923, gv. 7). 

mogvianebiT l. k i k n a Z e m sagangebod gamoikvlia es 

mwkrivi, teqstebSi damowmebul formaTa raodenoba 49-mde ga- 

zarda; miiCnia, rom sruli paradigma aqvs da X saukuneze adre 

unda arsebuliKo (l. kiknaZe, 1961). rogorc Cans, es Tvalsazrisi 

a. S a n i Z e m gaiziara, amitom `Zveli qarTuli enis gramatikis~ 

kursSi sruli paradigma warmoadgina (a. SaniZe, 1976, gv. 92 

da sxva). teqstebSi damowmebul formaTa raodenoba z. s a - 

r J v e l a Z e m sagrZnoblad gazarda da aseTi daskvna SemogvTavaza: 

ès mwkrivi VIII saukunidan iCens Tavs (aq imowmebs l. kikna- 

Zis miTiTebul naSroms _ g. g.). XI-XIII saukuneTa werilobiT ZeglebSi 

imis xmarebis SemTxvevebi matulobs. qarTulma saliteraturo 

enam igi TandaTan dakarga (imowmebs a. SaniZes _ g. g.), 

magram Semoinaxes mTis dialeqtebma. es ki miuTiTebs, rom igi saliteraturo 

enis warmonaqmni ki araa, aramed cocxal metKvelebaSic 

arsebobda~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 438). 

SeiZleba dazustebas sayiroebdes msJeloba _ `saliteraturo 

enis warmonaqmnia Tu cocxali metKvelebisao~, magram faqtia, 

VIII saukuneze adrindel ZeglebSi uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis 

mwkrivis formebi ar gvxvdeba; am mwkrivis warmoqmna swored am 

droisaTvis iwKeba da, roca iwKeba mravalgzisobis organuli 

warmoebis moSla, im droisaTvis SedarebiT gaizarda misi xmarebis 

SemTxvevebi! anu: ver SeZlo adgilis mKarad dakvirveba drokiloTa 

sistemaSi da sworad II xolmeobiTTan erTad moiSala. am


SemTxvevaSi meordeba swored is procesi, rac e. w. awmKos xolmeobiTis 

SemTxvevisaTvis aGiniSna: CamoKalibebamde, mKarad damkvidrebamde 

CaerTo im procesSi, mravalgzisobis organuli 

warmoebis moSla rom hqvia. 

kidev erTi momenti: i. q a v T a r a Z e II TurmeobiTis aGweriT 

warmoebaze gadasvlaze roca msJelobs, wers: àris zogier- 

Ti sxva garemoebac, romlebmac ganapirobes x o l m e nawilakis 

gamoKenebis aucilebloba. es aris, kerZod, ùfunqcio~ -i sufiqsiani 

namKos gavrceleba saliteraturo enaSi erTi tipis zmneb- 

Tan Kvela gvaris formebSi, roca erTgzis-mravalgzisi aSkarad 

airia da orazrovani gaxda. Sdr. v T x o v d i, g a v T b i, g a - 

v u S v i tipis zmnebi, romelTa fuZeze x o l m e nawilakis darTva 

qmnis sapirispiro kategoriis gagebas~ (i. qavTaraZe, 1961, 

gv. 11). 

z. s a r J v e l a Z i s azriT, `narTauli ii 

i 

analogiiT mxolobiTis 

formebSi X saukunidan dasturdeba~ ( z. sarJvelaZe, 

1984, gv. 439). `savaraudoa, igi cocxal metKvelebaSi adre, VII- 

VIII saukuneebSi arsebuliKo~ (iqve, gv. 441). mravlobiTis formebSi 

i Cveulebriv ixmareboda da aSkara iKo paradigmaTa damTxveva 

I-II pirebSi: 


teli te li uwKvet uwKvetlis 

uwKvet lis xol xolme xol 

me meobi me bi biTi bi Ti 

v-wer-d-i 

s-wer-d-i 

v-wer-d-i-T 

s-wer-d-i-T 

v-wer-d-i 

s-wer-d-i 

v-wer-d-i-T 

s-wer-d-i-T 

isic gavixsenoT _ od od-ani od 

zmnebis uwKvetlis xolmeobiTisa 

da I kavSirebiTis paradigmebi identuria: 

v-tf-eb-od-i 

s-tf-eb-od-i 

tf-eb-od-i-s 

v-tf-eb-od-i-T 

s-tf-eb-od-i-T 

tf-eb-od-i-an 

es asea Kvela SemTxvevaSi. 

439

440 


Cveni azriT, d-savrcobian zmnebSi I-II piris formaTa damTxveva 

uwKvetlis xolmeobiTsa da uwKvetelSi, erTi mxriv, da 

uwKvetlis xolmeobiTsa da I kavSirebiTis paradigmaTa damTxveva 

od od-ian od zmnebSi, meore mxriv, aris xelisSemwKobi piroba uwKvetlis 

xolmeobiTis mwkrivis gaqrobisa; mizezi _ mravalgzisobis 

kategoriis gamoxatvis organul formaTa aGweriT warmoebaze 

gadasvlis tendenciaa. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna vTqviT: I kavSirebiTisa da uwKvetlis xolmeobi- 

Tis formebi daemTxva erTmaneTs-Tqo od od-ian od 

zmnebSi. erTicaa gasaTvaliswinebeli: I kavSirebi- 

Tis od od-iani od 

formebi arsebobda. uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi 

gvian Kalibdeba. xom ar daismis sakiTxi 

ase: ki ar daemTxva ori paradigma erTmaneTs, od od- 

od 

iani zmnebis I kavSirebiTma SeiTavsa xolmeobiTis 

funqciac. Sdr. Sereuli kavSirebiTis SemTxveva. 

am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi Kvela tipis zmnasTan 

erTgvari viTarebaa, amitom arcaa mizanSewonili 

damoukidebel mwkrivebze (Sereuli kavSirebiTi 

da Sereuli xolmeobiTi) saubari (ix. aqve $ 6.2.). 

I seriaSic rom Kvela SemTxvevaSi od od-ianebis od 

msgavsi viTareba KofiliKo, uwKvetlis xolmeobi- 

Tis mwkrivis Sesaxeb arc visaubrebdiT... 

aseTive viTarebaa (SeiZleba ufro martivic) III xolmeobi- 

Tis SemTxvevaSi. a. S a n i Z e m XI-XIII saukuneTa werilobiT ZeglebSi 

SeniSna iSviaTi formebi zmnisa (ganevlian, brZola-ecis, 

ebrZanis da sxv.), romelTac III xolmeobiTi uwoda: `sxvaTa Soris 

XI-XIII saukuneTa werilobiT ZeglebSi gvxvdeba erTi iSviaTi 

mwkrivi, romelic aqamomde SeumCneveli iKo~ (a. SaniZe, 1946, gv. 

2). a. S a n i Z e m sul 11 zmna daadastura III xolmeobiTis formiT, 

Kvela moqmedebiTi gvarisa; d. g e w a Z e m imave periodis 

ZeglebSi damatebiT 7 magaliTi moipova (d. gewaZe, 1952, 186- 

187). ramdenime aTeuli SemTxveva daadastura am mwkrivis xmarebisa 

z. s a r J v e l a Z e m ; manve moipova saSual-moqmedebiTi da 

vnebiTi gvaris formebic III xolmeobiTisa da aGniSna, rom àm 

mwkrivis formebi werilobiT ZeglebSi X saukunidan gvxvdeba~


(z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 463). 

am mwkrivTan dakavSirebiT, Zalze saintereso gveCveneba a. 

S a n i Z i s msJeloba: ùadgilo ar iqneba vikiTxoT: uZvelesi 

droidan momdinareobs III xolmeobiTis formebi, Tu isini Semdeg 

ganviTarebulia uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis msgavsad? am kiTxvas rom 

swori pasuxi gaeces, sayiroa Kvela moGweuli Zegli iKos Seswavlili 

mwkrivTa xmarebis TvalsazrisiT, Tu saxarebis enaSi ar 

gvxvdeba aGniSnuli mwkrivi, es kidev arafers niSnavs, radgan 

Zegli naTargmnia da amis gamo iq sazogadod III seriis formebi 

iSviaTia, magram Tu mxedvelobaSi miviGebT im garemoebas, rom 

Zvel qarTulSi mrvalgzisobis kategoria mkafiod aris gamoxatuli 

rogorc I, ise II seriaSi, araviTari sabuTi ara gvaqvs, daveyvdeT, 

rom es kategoria III seriis mwkriviTac SeiZleba KofiliKo 

gadmocemuli. cocxal metKvelebaSi albaT is Zveladac moipoveboda~ 

(a. SaniZe, 1946, gv. 10-11). am ukanasknel varauds z. 

s a r J v e l a Z e ganavrcobs: `savaraudoa, es mwkrivi damaxasiaTebeli 

KofiliKo qarTuli enis dialeqtTa garkveuli Jgufisa- 

Tvis. vfiqrobT, III xolmeobiTi samxreT saqarTvelos zog dialeqtSic 

X-XIII saukuneebSi arsebobda. III xolmeobiTis formebi 

gvxvdeba im mweralTa nawerebSi, romlebic samxreT saqarTvelodan 

arian (efT‚me mTawmideli, giorgi mTawmideli, efrem mcire, 

SoTa rusTaveli...)~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 466). 

logika a. S a n i Z i s msJelobisa, agreTve damowmebul 

formaTa raodenoba da qronologia dadebiT pasuxs gagvaceminebs 

am kiTxvaze: gvian ganviTarebulia III xolmeobiTis formebi 

uwKvetlis xolmeobiTis msgavsad Tu arao. Sesabamisad igive logika 

ar dauyerda mxars varauds imis Sesaxeb, rom dadasturebuli 

formebi III xolmeobiTisa naSTia Zveli viTarebisa: `sxva dialeqtebma 

es mwkrivi ufro adre dakarges (igulisxmeba samxrul 

dialeqtebze adre _ g. g.), albaT amiT aixsneba, rom III xolmeobiTi 

ar dasturdeba V-IX saukuneTa ZeglebSi, agreTve X saukunis 

xelnawerebSi (gamonaklisia: Satberdis krebuli, Ath.-32, aTonis 

asketuri krebuli, parxlis mravalTavi~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 

466-467). 

Kovelgvari safuZveli arsebobs imisaTvis, rom vifiqroT: 

xolmeobiTebis sistemaSi (I xolmeobiTi, II xolmeobiTi, III xolmeobiTi, 

e. w. awmKos xolmeobiTi, e. w. Sereuli xolmeobiTi) Zi- 

441

442 


riTadia da odindeli II xolmeobiTi; danarCenebi gvian CamoKalibebuli; 

e. w. awmKos xolmeobiTi da e. w. Sereuli xolmeobiTi 

ver ganviTarda rogorc mwkrivi; I xolmeobiTi (uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi) 

da III xolmeobiTi CamoKalibda rogorc mwkrivi, magram 

ver damkvidrda sistemaSi, radgan maTi CamoKalibebis procesi 

daemTxva mravalgzisobis kategoriis gamoxatvis principis Secvlis 

periods. 

dro-kiloTa sistemis istoriasTan dakavSirebiT xolmeobi- 

Tis istoriis kvlevam arn. Ciqobava am daskvnamde miiKvana: `xolmeobiTis 

istoriasTan dakavSirebiT gamoirkva, rom garda gardama garda gardama 

maval ma val 

zmnas ewarmoeboda namKo namKo Zi Ziri Zi Ziri 

riTa 

Tadis 

dis wKeba (xolmeobiTi, namKo ZiriTadi 

da am ukanasknelisagan _ kavSirebiTi meore, magram ar 

ar 

ga gaaC ga 

aC aCnda aC nda awmKos wKeba wKeba. wKeba 

. garda gardauval garda 

val sta stati sta 

ti tikur ti kur zmnebs moepoveboda 

awmKos wKeba (zog zmnas mxolod awmKo!), magram ar ewarmoeboda 

namKo ZiriTadis wKeba. gardauval zmnas, ramdenadac is statikuri 

iKo, mxo mxolod mxo mxolod 

lod diuratiuli aspeqtis nakvTebi ewar ewarmo ewar ewarmo 

moebo mo bo boda 

da 

(awmKo awmKo awmKo, awmKo , namKo namKo us usru us usru 

ruli 

li); li ; gardamaval zmnas ori aspeqtis Se SesaZ Se saZ- 

leb leblo leb leblo 

loba lo ba qon qonda qon 

da da: da: 

: mo momen mo 

men mentob mentob 

tobri 

rivi 

visa 

saTvis sa Tvis _ _ namKo Zi Ziri Zi 

ri riTa riTa 

Tadi Ta di (da kav- 

SirebiTi II) iKo gankuTvnili, di diura di ra rati 

tiuli ti li lisa 

saTvis sa Tvis _ _ xol xolme xol xolme 

meobi me bi bi- bi 

Ti Ti; Ti ; awmKos wKebis danakliss avsebda xolmeobiTi, rogorc gangrZobiTi 

aspeqtis nakvTi: gan gangrZo gan gangrZo 

grZobi 

biTi Ti as aspeq as 

peq peqti peq ti erT erT sibrtKeze 

sibrtKeze 

sibrtKeze 

aKenebs aKenebs sta stati sta stati 

tikur ti kur zmna zmnaTa zmna 

Ta Ta awmKos awmKos da da garda gardama garda gardama 

maval ma val zmna zmnaTa zmna 

Ta xxol 

x 

ol olme ol meobi 

bi biTs 

Ts~ Ts (arn. Ciqobava, 1948(1), gv. 110-111). 

es daskvnac, rogorc vxedavT, II xolmeobiTis formaTa uZvelesobaze 

metKvelebs. sami ZiriTadi dro: awmKo, wKvetili da II 

xolmeobiTi... da gangrZobiTi (diuratiuli) aspeqtis, anu mravalgzisobis 

(xolmeobiTis) gamoxatvis organuli warmoeba icvleba 

aGweriTi warmoebiT. es grZeli procesia; rogorc vTqviT, 

saukuneebis miGma iGebs saTaves da grZeldeba dGesac. am gzasac 

gvinda Tvali gavadevnoT. 

26 26....7777. 26 26 . . . mraval mra mra mraval 

valgzi valgzissssoooobis 

gzi gzi bis bis bis gamoxat gamo gamo gamoxat 

xatva xatva 

va va aGmosav aGmo aGmo aGmosav 

savleT savleT 

leT leT 

saqar sa sa saqar 

qarTve qarTvelos 

Tve Tvelos 

los los mTis mTis mTis mTis diaaaaleq di di di leqteb leq leqtebSi 

teb tebSi 

Si Si 

iTqva: a. S a n i Z i s azriT, `rac Seexeba mravalgzisobas, 

misTvis Zvelad sagangebo mwkrivi iKo (da ara mwkrivebio!? _ g. 

g.), romelic dGevandel mTis kiloebsa da qiziKurSia daculi~. 

mravalgzisobis gamomxatvel idiomaTa Soris qiziKuri, in-


gilouri da fereidnuli erT Jgufs qmnian, sadac mravalgzisobis 

gamoxatvis cvlilebaTa tendenciis erTi xazia warmodgenili, 

sxvadasxva etapi ganviTarebis am xazisa. amis Sesaxeb qveviT 

visaubrebT. 

meore Jgufs, ufro rTulsa da mravalferovans _ aGmosavleT 

saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebi qmnian (fxours rom uwodebda 

a. SaniZe). esaa xuTi dialeqti qarTuli enisa: xevsuruli, 

TuSuri, fSauri, mTiuluri (gudamaKruliTurT) da moxeuri. am 

dialeqtTagan Zveli qarTulis samive xolmeobiTi Semogvinaxa 

mxolod xevsurulma: I xolmeobiTi (uwKvetlis xolmeobiTi), 

II xolmeobiTi (wKvetilis xolmeobiTi), 

III xolmeobiTi (II TurmeobiTis xolmeobiTi). 

danarCen oTx dialeqtSi mxolod I-II xolmeobiTebia SemorCenili. 

mTiuluri imiT gansxvavdeba sxva dialeqtebisagan, rom Zveli 

qarTulis viTareba (xolmeobiTis mwkrivTa warmoeba maqvs 

mxedvelobaSi) Kvelaze ukeT am dialeqtSia Semonaxuli: 

I xolmeobiTi: v-yam-d-i v-yam-d-i-T 

s-yamd-i s-yam-d-i-T 

yamd-i-s yamd-i-an 

II xolmeobiTi: v-yam-i v-yam-i-T 

s-yam-i s-yam-i-T 

yam-i-s yam-i-an 

esaa ZiriTadi varianti mravalgzisobis gamomxatvel forma- 

Ta. iqve Tavs iCens -ke ke (← Ke Ke) Ke nawilakiani warmoeba: iGebs Gebs Gebs-ke Gebs ke ke, 

, 

aiGeb aiGebda aiGeb aiGebda 

da-ke da ke ke... ke ... `ke SeiZleba daerTos awmKo-mKofadis, namKo usrulis 

formebs~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 285). 

aris mesame variantic _ ase vTqvaT, gardamavali, roca -ke ke ke 

daerTvis xolmeobiTis organul warmoebas: ezidebod-i-s-ke, ezidebod-i-an-ke... 

gauSv-i-s-ke, gauSv-i-an-ke... 

formaTa ganviTarebis dinamika aseTia: 

yamd-i-s → yamd-i-s-ke → yamd-a-ke 

gauSv-i-s → gauSv-i-s-ke → gauSvebda-ke. 

samive es safexuri aris dadasturebuli mTiulurSi, sistemuri 

TvalsazrisiT upiratesoba pirvel safexurs eniyeba. moxeurTan 

SedarebiT cvlilebis procesi aq Senelebulia. 

443

444 


analogiuri viTarebaa moxeurSic: aq SemorCenili gvaqvs 

Zveli qarTuliseburi organuli warmoeba I-II xolmebiTisa (I safexuri): 

I xolmeobiTi: (ma)v(s)Tibd-i 

(ma)sTibd-i 

(mas)Tibd-i-s 

II xolmeobiTi: (ma)v(s)Tib-i 

(ma)sTib-i 

(mas)Tib-i-s 

(ma)v(s)Tibd-i-T 

(ma)sTibd-i-T 

(mas)Tibd-i-an 

(ma)v(s)Tib-i-T 

(ma)sTib-i-T 

(mas)Tib-i-an 

es saxeoba ukve iSviaTia moxeurSi, ufro gavrcelebuli 

kontaminirebuli (II safexuri da oden ke ke (← Ke) nawilakiani (III 

safexuri) warmoebaa: 

I xolmeobiTi: vakeTebd-i-ke 

akeTebd-i-ke 

akeTebd-i-s-ke 

II xolmeobiTi: (ga)vakeT-i-ke 

(ga)akeT-i-ke 

(ga)vakeT-i-s-ke 

vakeTebd-i-T-ke 

akeTebd-i-T-ke 

akeTebd-i-an-ke 

(ga)vakeT-i-T-ke 

(ga)akeT-i-T-ke 

(ga)akeT-i-an-ke 

da bolo safexuri cvlilebisa: -ke ke nawilaki daerTvis awmKomKofadis, 

uwKvetlisa da wKvetilis mwkrivTa formebs (i. qavTaraZe, 

1985, gv. 57); magaliTebi: cxori xSirad brme brmeba brme brmeba 

bake 

ke; ke sul is 

g…in g…inda g…in g…inda 

dake 

ke; ke adre vdge vdgebiT vdge vdgebiT 

biTke 

ke; ke nacarCiga mo movxar mo 

vxar vxarSav 

SavTke 

Tke; Tke s…ils 

gavGbertKTke 

gavGbertKTke; gavGbertKTke mzeze ga gavfen ga gavfen 

vfenTke 

Tke... Tke `namKo-usrulis formas, Cveni 

dakvirvebiT, ke ke pirvel-meore pirSi erTvis, mesame pirSi is xolmeobiTs 

aZlierebs; vakeTebdike, akeTebdike, akeTebdiske (akeTebdake 

ar ixmareba!) (i. qavTaraZe, 1985, gv. 52). 

aseve miuTiTeben, rom `namKo srulis formebTan Zalian iSviaTia 

ke ke: ke 

gavTibeke, gasTibeke, gaTibake (e. i. `man gaTiba xolme~) 

moxeurSi JerJerobiT TiTqmis sul ar gvxvdeba, radganac ga ga- ga 

Ti Tibis Ti bis Jer kidev cocxalia, magram miviwKebis gzazea, mas gaZliereba 

esayiroeba da amiT aixsneba ke ke-s ke darTva~ (i. qavTaraZe, 

1985, gv. 57). 

rogorc irkveva, sixSiruli TvalsazrisiT, II safexuri


(kontaminirebuli -i-ke) yarbobs sxvebs. sagulisxmoa is faqtic, 

rom moxeuri erTaderTia mTis dialeqtTagan, sadac ke ke-s ke adgils 

zogJer xol xolme xol me nawilaki iyers. i. q a v T a r a Z e aseT magaliTs 

moiKvans: `cxorCi roca viKviT viKviT xol xolme xol xolme 

me~ me (i. qavTaraZe, iqve). Tu es 

saliteraturo enis gavlena ar aris, udavod sainteresoa. 

amgvarad, mravalgzisobis gamoxatva mTiulursa da moxeur- 

Si erTgvarad xdeba; gansxvavebas procesis dinamika iZleva: moxeurSi 

cvlileba SedarebiT daCqarebuli tempiT xdeba, Zveliqar- 

Tulisebri formebi iSviaTia; mTiulurSi piriqiT: swored Zveli 

varianti aris ufro gavrcelebuli. 

Zalze saintereso viTarebaa TuSur-xevsurul-fSaurSi. es 

dialeqtebi Girssacnob variants gvTavazoben mravalgzisobis 

gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT arqauli da inovaciuri variantebis 

SerwKmisas. is faqti, rom am JgufSi mravalgzisoba organulad 

iwarmoeba (ara gvaqvs nawilakiani formebi), arqaul viTarebas 

exmianeba. rac Seexeba I-II pirebSi -id id id/ id -od od sufiqsTa gamovlenas, 

es inovaciaa. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, mravalgzisobis gamoxatvaSi 

cvlilebis tendencias -id id id/ id -od od od sufiqsTa gamovleniT uyers 

mxars. 

I-II xolmeobiTis I-II piris formebSi TuSuri da xevsuruli 

dialeqtebi -id id id sufiqss dairTaven uwKvetlisa da wKvetilis 

fuZeze, xolo fSauri _ -od od sufiqss. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna 1. rogorc vTqviT, xevsurulSi dasturdeba III 

xolmeobiTis formebi, òGond iSviaTi xmarebisaa 

iseve, rogorc Zvel qarTulSi~ (a. yinyarauli, 

1960, gv. 145). a. arabulis cnobiT, es mwkrivi 

xevsurulSi iwarmoeba ZveliqarTuliseburad: 

(ma)meTibis 

(ma)geTibis 

(ma)eTibis 

(ma)gveTibis 

(ma)geTibisT 

(me)eTibis 

445 

2. T. uTurgaiZis mixedviT, TuSurSi I xolmeobi- 

Ti Zveli qarTuliseburad iwarmoeba: ùwKvetlis 

xolmeobiTis warmoeba TuSurSi iseve xdeba, rogorc 

Zvel qarTulSi. imisaTvis amosavalia uwKvetlis 

mwkrivi~ (T. uTurgaiZe, 1960, gv. 41). ni-

446 


muSad sxvadasxva tipis zmnaTa paradigmebia warmodgenili; 

erT-erTia: 

vTbebod˜ 

sTbebod˜ 

Tbebodis 

vTbebodiT 

sTbebodiT 

Tbebodian 

g. cocaniZis azriT, I xolmeobiTi, iseve rogorc 

II xolmeobiTi, xevsurulis msgavsad (I-II piris 

formebze -id id sufiqsis darTviT) iwarmoeba (g. 

cocaniZe, 1970). 

(ma)vsTibd-id-˜ 

(ma)sTibd-id-˜ 

(ma)sTibd-i-s 

(ma)vsTibd-id-i-T 

(ma)sTibd-id-i-T 

(ma)sTibd-i-an 

es is variantia, rogoric gvaqvs TuSuris II xolmeobiTsa 

da am Jgufis sxva dialeqtebSi. 

paradigmis nimuSebi I da II xolmeobiTisaTvis dialeqtTa am 

JgufSi (TuSuri, xevsuruli, fSauri): 

TuSur-xevsuruli: (ma)v(s)Tibd-id-˜ 

(ma)sTibd-id-˜ 

(mas)Tibd-i-s 

fSauri: (ma)v(s)Tibd-od-i 

(ma)sTibd-od-i 

(mas)Tibd-i-s 

TuSur-xevsuruli: (ma)vTib-id-˜ 

(ma)Tib-id-˜ 

(ma)Tib-i-s 

fSauri: (ma)vTib-od-i 

(ma)sTib-od-i 

(ma)Tib-i-s 

I xolmeobiTi 

II xolmeobiTi 

(ma)v(s)Tibdid-i-T 

(ma)sTibdid-i-T 

(mas)Tib-i-an 

(ma)v(s)Tibd-od-i-T 

(ma)sTibd-od-i-T 

(mas)Tibd-i-an 

(ma)vTib-id-i-T 

(ma)Tib-id-i-T 

(ma)Tib-i-an 

(ma)vTib-od-i-T 

(ma)sTib-od-i-T 

(ma)Tib-i-an


TuSur-xevsurul-fSauri xolmeobiTi ramdenime TvalsazrisiT 

aris saintereso: 

pirvel Kovlisa, KuradGebas mivapKrobT imas, rom morfologiuri 

TvalsazrisiT -id id sufiqsi (TuSursa da xevsurulSi) 

-od od sufiqsis (fSaurSi) tolfasad warmoCndeba. 

inovacia (xolmeobiTis formis savrcobiT garTuleba gav- 

Tib-i → gav-Tib-id /od-i), vfiqrobT, mxris abmaa im tendenciisa, 

Zveli qarTulis organuli warmoebis Secvla rom warmoadgens; 

TviTon gzaa cvlilebisa gansxvavebuli: 

aviG-i-Ke / ke → aviGeb (an sxva mwkrivis forma) -ke (I) 

a-v-iG-i aviG-i xolme → aviGeb (an sxva mwkrivis forma) 

xolme º unawilako 

aviG-id/od-i (uwKvetel-xolmeobiTi) (II) 

I gziT cvlileba ganviTarda _ mTiulurSi, moxeurSi, qiziKurSi, 

ingiloursa da fereidnulSi; 

II gziT _ qarTl-kaxurSi (garda qiziKurisa), dasavlur dialeqtebsa 

da saliteraturo qarTulSi; 

III gziT _ TuSurSi, xevsurulsa da fSaurSi. 

amgvarad, mravalgzisobis organuli warmoebis moSla mkveTrad 

gamoxatuli tendenciaa, romelic sxvadasxva nairsaxeobaSi 

(idiomaSi) sxvadasxvagvarad warimarTa. procesi cocxalia da ra 

saboloo saxes miiGebs, anda rodis, amis Tqma amJerad Znelia. 

Girssacnobia is faqtic, rom TuSur-xevsurul-fSaurSi 

cvlileba Seexo mxolod I-II pirs da ara _ mesames. es faqtic im 

tendenciis gamovlenaa, romelic sakmaod farTod gavrcelda 

qarTulSi da romelic ZvelqarTulSive iGebs saTaves. mxedvelobaSi 

gvaqvs III piris gansxvavebuli formebi I-II pirebTan SedarebiT 

(ix. $ 10.): 

Zvel Zvel qar qarTul qar qarTul 

TulSi 

Si _ statikuri zmnebi: 

v-dg dg dga-T dg 

s-dg dg dga-T dg 

dga dga-an dga dga an an-an an 

v-ƒam ƒam ƒam-T ƒam 

h-ƒam ƒam ƒam-T ƒam 

ƒm ƒm-an ƒm 

an an-an an da misT. 

av av/ av 

am TemisniSniani zmnebis uwKveteli: 

447

448 


v-klevd klevd klevd(i) klevd 

h-klevd klevd klevd(i) klevd 

klvid klvid-a klvid 

v-su su suemd 

emd(i) emd 

h-su su suemd 

emd(i) emd 

su sumid su sumid 

mid-a mid 

axal saliteraturo qarTulSi _ statikur zmnaTa awmKosa 

da gardauval zmnaTa I TurmeobiTSi meSvel zmnas dairTavs I-II 

pirebi: 

v-zi-var var 

zi-xar xar xar 

zi-s 

dav-berebul-var var var 

da-berebul-xar xar xar 

da-berebul-a 

dialeqtebSi sxvadasxva tipis zmnaTa warmoebaSi: 

mesxuri: v-baZ baZ baZ-an baZ an 

baZ aZ aZ-an aZ an 

baZ baZ-eb baZ eb eb-en eb en 

imeruli: mevi-tan tan tan-T tan 

mei-tan tan tan-T tan 

mei-ta ta taneb 

neb-en neb en da sxva... 

id id/ id od sufiqsian xolmeobiTebSic xSirad amgvar viTarebas- 

Tan gvaqvs saqme. 

da kidev erTi kiTxva: rogor SeiZleba aixsnas gansxvaveba 

fSaursa da TuSur-xevsuruls Soris? 

is faqti, rom samive dialeqtSi cvlilebis tendencia erTi 

gziT warimarTeba, konvergenciis procesis moqmedebis Sedegad 

unda iqnes miCneuli. `konvergencia (← laTinuri `rac emTxveva 

rasme~) aris analogiuri an identuri movlenebis erTmaneTisagan 

damoukideblad mqonebloba (povniereba) or an met dialeqtSi... 

konvergencia uSualodaa dakavSirebuli dialeqtTa integraciis 

procesTan. ori ram _ dialeqtTa urTierTzegavlena da erTmaneTisagan 

damoukidebliv msgavs an identur movlenaTa ganviTareba 

sxvadasxva dialeqtSi (konvergencia) edeba safuZvlad dialeqtTa 

daaxloebis, integraciis process~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1989, 

gv. 138). vfiqrobT, swored konvergenciis procesis moqmedebis 

Sedegi unda iKos erTgvarovani procesis Casaxva da ganviTareba 

TuSur-fSaur dialeqtebSi (id/od sufiqsiT garTuleba xolmeobiTis 

formebisa). 

rac Seexeba gansxvavebas (id_od), b. JorbenaZis azriT, di-


vergenciis procesis (`sapirispiro enobrivi procesebis moqmedeba 

teritoriulad axlomdgom kiloebsa da kilokavebSi~) moqmedebis 

Sedegi unda iKos: 

xevsuruli (a) TuSuri) fSauri 

da-v-wer-id-˜ 

da-s-wer-id-˜ 

da-v-wer-od-i 

da-s-wer-od-i 

msgavsi tipis magaliTebi sxvac saxeldeba (b. JorbenaZe, 

1989, gv. 135). 

Cveni azriT, am SemTxvevaSi angariSi unda gaewios kidev 

erT tendencias _ dialeqtTa urTierTgamiJvnis tendencias. 

momiJnave dialeqtebs Soris mxolod urTierTzegavlenis 

faqtori rom moqmedebdes, maSin dialeqtebs Soris gansxvaveba 

moiSleboda; es ki xels SeuwKobda dialeqtebis gaqrobas. arada, 

faqtebi sxvas metKveleben: dialeqtebi Tanaarseboben mezoblad 

da inarCuneben TavisTavadobas. ès imitom, rom urTierTzegavlenasTan 

erTad momiJnave dialeqtebSi (aseve erTi dialeqtis 

kilokavebSi) Tavs iCens urTierTgamiJvnis (`TviTgamiJvnis~) aSkarad 

gamoxatuli tendencia~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 37). ase rom, 

am SemTxvevaSi dialeqturi gansxvavebulobisadmi, dialeqturi 

Taviseburebebisadmi damokidebuleba Segnebulia _ enobrivi 

cnobierebis doneze xdeba. fSaveli Tavis fSavlobas gansxvavebuli 

enobrivi formebiT warmoadgens, iseve, rogorc xevsuri Tavis 

xevsurobas swored xevsuruli metKvelebis TaviseburebebiT 

gamoavlens. 

26 26....8888. 26 26 . . . mraval mra mra mraval 


gzi gziso 

sobis sobis 

bis bis gamoxat gamo gamo gamoxat 

xatva xatva 

va va aGmosav aGmo aGmo aGmosav 

savleT savleT 

leT leT 

sa saqar sa saqar 

qarTve qarTvelos 

Tve Tvelos 

los los baris ba ba baris 

ris ris diaaaaleq di di di leqteb leq leqtebSi 

teb tebSi 

Si Si 

didad gansxvavebuli viTareba ara gvaqvs aGmosavleT saqar- 

Tvelos baris dialeqtebSi; ufro sworad, mravalgzisobis gamoxatvis 

zogadi TvalsazrisiT, organuli warmoebisa gvaqvs I-II 

xolmeobiTebi; mravalgzisobas ZiriTadad Ke Ke/ Ke 

ke ke anda xol xolme xol xolme 

me nawilaki 

gamoxatavs. didi upiratesoba aqvs nawilakian formebs. 

qarTlurSi, kerZod mis Crdilour kilokavebSi _ qsnisa 

da aragvis xeobebSi _ naSTis saxiT SeiniSneba organuli warmoeba 

xolmeobiTisa: gama rekdis, ademdis, gvakuTnebdis... dailoc- 

449

450 


vis, iKvis... àm rigis warmoeba moSlis gzazea, xolmeobiTis formebi 

upiratesad moxucTa metKvelebaSi ismis~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1989, 

gv. 306; aseve: g. imnaiSvili, 1974; v. somxiSvili, 1968). ZiriTadad 

mravalgzisoba im saSualebebiT gadmoicema, riTac saliteraturo 

qarTulSi. 

viTareba ufro sainteresoa kaxursa da mis `ganaKar~ dialeqtebSi 

_ ingiloursa da fereidnulSi. gamoxatvis mravalferovnebiT 

gamoirCeva kaxuri (gansakuTrebiT misi qiziKuri kilokavi); 

aq gvaqvs Semdegi saxeobebi: 

1. arqauli, -i sufiqsiani warmoeba (iSviaTad, magram mainc): 

ma maif ma 

if ifSvne ifSvne 

Svneta 

tamdis 

mdis, mdis , itKodis itKodis) itKodis 

(I xolmeobiTi) (magali- 

Tebs samecniero literaturidan vimowmebT)... ga- 

motKdis motKdis, motKdis , mi miuS mi 

uS uSvi 

vian 

an, an , da daay da 

ay ayre 

revi 

vini 

nian ni an (II xolmeobiTi); 

2. arqaul formaze darTuli Ke Keºke Ke 

ke nawilki (ZiriTadad qiziKurSi; 

iSviaTad _ garekaxurSi): gada gadaudis gada dis dis-ke dis ke ke, ke , vi viariT vi 

riT- 

ke ke, ke 

, Ca Cavri Ca 

vri vriviT 

viT-ke viT ke ke... ke 

3. xolmeobiTis arqaul formas daerTvis xol xolme xol me nawilaki 

da es movlena specifikuria qiziKurisaTvis: da daJe da 

Je JeJil 

Jildis Jil dis 


me, me , gada gadaago gada go gori 

rian ri an xol xolme xol xolme 

me, me , mo mokvdis mo 

kvdis xol xolme xol xolme 

me, me , da daTe da daTe 

Tesi Tesi 

sian si an 


me... me 

4 Ke º ke nawilaki daerTvis awmKo-mKofadis (an sxva mwkrivis) 

formebs: am ambo am 

bo boben 

benke 

ke, ke itKoda itKodake itKoda itKodake 

ke... ke 

5. xol xolme xol xol me daerTvis awmKo-mKofadis (an sxva mwkrivis) formebs: 

itKvis itKvis xol xolme xol xolme 

me, me ake akeTeb ake 

Teb Tebda Teb da xol xolme xol xolme 

me, me ga gamar ga gamar 

marglav 

glavda glav da xol- 

xol 

me me... me 

zis zis xol xolme xol xolme 

me, me getKodi getKodi xol xolme xol xolme 

me... me 

6. saliteraturo qarTulis msgavsad kaxurSic uwKvetelxolmeobiTis 

mwkrivma nawilakis gareSe SeiZleba itvir- 

Tos es funqcia: `rawam amovidoda, xar(s) avSlidiT, avdgebodiT, 

davibandiT...~ da sxva... 

7. mravalgzisoba gamoixateba ùsruli aspeqtis namKo Ziri- 

Tadis formaTa gameorebiTac~ (b. JorbenaZe): `cxva, cxva, 

Zliv gamacxva~; ìara, iara da bolos miadga erT saxenwifo 

~... 

8. `zogJer mravalgzisoba gamoixateba oden usruli aspeqtis 

formiT: ...iq Kofila erTi vajio, dGisiT mkvdara (= 

kvdeboda xolme), GamiT cocxlebula (= cocxldeboda 

xolme)~ (a. martirosovi, g. imnaiSvili, 1956, gv. 97).


TavisTavad, qarTuli enis erT-erT umTavres dialeqtSi amgvari 

suraTis arseboba metKvelebs swored am movlenis _ mravalgzisobis 

organuli warmoebis moSlis _ problemurobaze; 

enaSi mimdinare procesebis Tanaarsebobaze; da imaze, rom es cocxali 

procesia da nel-nela ikvlevs gzas dasrulebisaken. 

qiziKuris am STambeydavi suraTis Semdeg sainteresoa ingilourisa 

da fereidnulis viTareba Tundac imis gamo, rom es 

ori dialeqti kaxuris ganStoebas warmoadgens: `Kvelaze axlo 

fereidnuli dgas ingilourTan, romelic warmoSobiT qiziKuris 

GviZli Zma unda iKos~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1927, gv. ). da is istoriuli 

Znelbedoba, rac am dialeqtebs xvda wilad, ra gavlenas axdens 

am dialeqtebze CvenTvis saintereso movlenis TvalsazrisiT. 

faqtia, rom ingilourisa da fereidnulisaTvis ènobrivi 

GerZi, xerxemali kaxuria, oGond uxvad Sezavebuli sxva enebis 

(...) gavleniT~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 338); ìngilouric, fereidnulis 

msgavsad, TiTqmis mowKvetilia qarTul kiloebs da arc 

samwerlobo qarTulis gavlenas ganicdis ise, rogorc sxva qar- 

Tuli kiloebi...~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1927, gv. ). 

ratom gavxazavT Kovelive amas: im droisaTvis, roca am dialeqtTa 

daSoreba ivaraudeba, kaxurSi xolmeobiTis organuli 

warmoeba gvaqvs. istoriul sabuTebSi es kargad iCens Tavs: dai- 

Zebneba TiTo-orola SemTxveva Ke Ke nawilakis xmarebisa, isic mxolod 

ver vervin ver vin nacvalsaxelTan; mag.: vervinKe Semogecilos Tuinier 

erTis mGuTis meti~ (a. martirosovi, 1953, gv. 266). am viTarebas 

Tu SevadarebT dGevandel suraTs, davinaxavT, movlenaTa ganvi- 

Tarebam ra saxe miiGo... 

ingilourSi movlenebi mxolod erTi mimarTulebiT ganvi- 

Tarda (gavxazavT _ ganviTarda); e. i. procesi iqac gagrZelda, 

oGond ara ise mravalferovnad, rogorc es amosaval dialeqtSia. 

àmjamad ingilourSi moqmedebis sixSiris, mis Cveulebriobis 

aGniSvnas kisrulobs mxolod -Ke Ke Ke (º K) nawilaki~ (g. imnaiSvili, 

1966, gv. 121): a m b o v e n-K (amboben xolme), c x ÷ v a-K 

(cxveba)... 

ra xdeba fereidnulSi? aq mravalgzisoba, erTi mxriv, i 

sufiqsiT gamoixateba (arqauli viTareba): Ca Caig Ca Caig 

igdis ig is is, is ad adgis ad adgis 

gis, gis wa wavi wa 

vi- 

dis dis, dis aiGis aiGis, aiGis ... meore mxriv, -Ke Ke nawilakis darTviT. -Ke Ke Ke-s Ke dair- 

Tavs an I, an II xolmeobiTis formebi: as aswav as aswav 

wavli 

lidisKe 

disKe, disKe mi mixhe mi mixhe 

xhedisKe 

disKe, 

disKe 

451

452 


uam uambisKe uam uambisKe 

bisKe, bisKe Sa SaitKvisKe 

Sa 

itKvisKe itKvisKe da misTanani (arn. Ciqobava, 1923-1924; arn. 

Ciqobava, 1927; b. JorbenaZe, 1989). sagulisxmo is aris, fereidnuli 

imiT Sordeba kaxurs, rom organuli warmoebaa TiTqmis 

erTaderTi saSualeba mravalgzisobis gamoxatvisa. 

is faqti, rom tendencia orive dialeqtSi (ingiloursa da 

fereidnulSi) ganviTarda, TavisTavad dadasturebaa imisa, rom 

am tendencias Grma da Zlieri safuZveli hqonda. am tendenciis 

ganviTarebis ramdenime safexurze gvqonda saubari. Tu kaxuri 

dialeqtisaTvis zemowarmodgenili sqemidan Kvela gza aris dama- 

xasiaTebeli, garda mesamisa (aviGi → aviG-id/od-i), ingiloursa 

da fereidnulSi es tendencia sworxazovnad ganviTarda: 

aviGi → aviGi-Ke/ke → aviGeb-Ke 

fereidnulSi dasturdeba I-II safexuri (aviGi, aviGi-Ke), ingilourSi 

_ II-III safexuri (aviGi-Ke, aviGeb-Ke). is faqti, rom 

amosaval dialeqtSi _ kaxurSi (ZiriTadad qiziKur kilokavSi) 

tendenciam gacilebiT rTuli saxe miiGo, saliteraturo enisa 

Tu sxva qarTuli dialeqtebisa Tu samwerlobo qarTulis gavlenis 

Sedegi unda iKos. 

erT saintereso faqtsac gvinda mivapKroT KuradGeba: fereidnulis 

teqstebSi aris iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca erTsa da 

imave winadadebaSi orive varianti (arqauli da Ke nawilakiani) 

aris warmodgenili: cxenma Tavi aiGis aiGis da ga gaiq ga gaiq 

iqcisKe 

cisKe; cisKe samJel av- av 

diKe diKe, diKe rom wa wavi wa wavi 

vide 

de, de ar ga gami ga gami 

miSisKe 

SisKe; SisKe im dGes TaJerma ro har mi mi- 

mi 

scisKe scisKe, scisKe dGes ori imTeni mi misca mi sca da misTanani (magaliTebi mogvKavs 

werilidan _ arn. Ciqobava, 1923-24, gv. 42). ori kuTxiT mivapKrobT 

KuradGebas: mosaubrisaTvis es ori varianti Tanabari 

Girebulebis enobrivi faqtia da Tavisuflad enacvleba erTmaneTs 

da, meore, maTi monacvleoba stilisturi xasiaTisa Cans. es 

kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs imaSi, rom dialeqtTa stilistika (zepirmetKvelebis 

stilistika) Sesaswavlia. 

xolmeobiTis, rogorc mwkrivis (mwkrivebis) gaqroba am kategoriis 

istoriis Tanmdevi procesia. uwKvetel-xolmeobiTis 

mier am funqciis SeTavsebam ver daakmaKofila enis moTxovna 

mravalgzisobis gamoxatvisa da amitomac Cndeba xol xolme xol me nawilaki 

am funqciiT. i. qavTaraZis azriT, `TviT saliteraturo enaSi 

da garkveul dialeqtebSic ukve meCvidmete saukunidan sabolo-


od iCens Tavs analogiur formaTa (igulisxmeba Zveli qarTulis 

I da II xolmeobiTebi _ g. g.) mniSvnelobis dakargva, daviwKeba, 

risTvisac damatebiTi sakompensacio saSualeba _ `x o l m e ~ nawilaki 

xdeba aucilebeli. xolmeobiTis cnobil formebze 

x o l m e s darTva erTgvari aGdgenaa saTanado Sinaarsisa; es 

nawilaki intensivobis TandaTan gavrcelebuli nawilakia, romelic 

Semdeg ise farTovdeba, rom araxolmeobiTis formasac 

xolmeobiTobas aniyebs~ (i. qavTaraZe, 1961, gv. 10). e. i. xolmeobiTis 

formebi kargaven xolmeobiTobis Sinaarss da am Sinaarsis 

aGdgenas cdilobs ena x o l m e nawilakiT; procesi grZeldeba; 

xolmeobiTis Sinaarsi ecileba formas, forma ikargeba, magram am 

Sinaarss SeiTavsebs srulad x o l m e nawilaki. msJeloba sarwmunoa: 

mravalgzisi forma + x o l m e → erTgzisi forma + x o l m e. 

`x o l m e nawilakiani aGweriTi formebi imdenad moqnili aGmo- 

Cnda, rom misi meoxebiT mravalgzisobis gamoxatva moxerxda nakvTebis 

umetesobaSi~ (i. qavTaraZe, 1961, gv. 11). 

22226666....9999. . . . mraval mra mra mraval 


gzi gziso 

sobi sobi 

bis bis 

s s gamoxat gamo gamo gamoxat 

xatvi xatvi 

visa visa 

saTvis saTvis 

Tvis Tvis axal axal axal axal 

sa sali sa sali 

lite lite 

tera tera 

ratu ratu 

turo turo 

ro ro qarTul qar qar qarTulSi 

Tul TulSi 

Si Si 

faqtobrivad, mravalgzisobis gamosaxatavad xol xolme xol me nawilakiani 

formebis damkvidrebam gaafarTova SesaZlebloba am mniSvnelobis 

gamoxatvisa: xol xolme xol me nawilaki daerTvis TiTqmis Kvela 

mwkrivis formas. vambobT TiT TiTqmis TiT TiTqmis 

qmis, qmis imitom, rom ver davadastureT 

x o l m e nawilaki III kavSirebiTTan; magram Tu imas gaviTvaliswinebT, 

rom III kavSirebiTi iSviaTi mwkrivia da mas Cveulebriv 

II TurmeobiTi cvlis, es `TiTqmisoba~ gasagebi iqneba. 

moviKvanT magaliTebs Tanmimdevrulad, mwkrivTa mixedviT, 

erTgzis formebTan x o l m e nawilakis gamoKenebisas (magali- 

Tebs vimowmebT: i. qavTaraZe, 1961): 

awmKo awmKo-mKofa 

awmKo mKofa mKofadi mKofadi 

di: di 

cremls wKalsaviT vGvriT vGvriT xol xolme xol me (ilia); 

sul egre stKui stKui xol xolme xol xolme 

me (iqve); 

Tvali sul Cemken uyiravs, mi mici mi mici 

cinis ci nis xol xolme xol me (vaja); 

Cemi batoni Semova da da daskup da 

skup skupde 

deba de ba xol xolme xol 

me (S. aragv.); 

SiSi muxls mo mohkve mo 

hkve hkveTavs hkve Tavs xol xolmeo xol xolmeo 

meo, meo amboben (iakobi); 

453

454 


Zalauneburad keTil gzisken ga gami ga gami 

mita mita 

tacebs ta cebs xol xolme xol me (akaki). 

uwKvetel 

uwKvetel-xolmeobiTi 

uwKvetel 

uwKvetel xolmeobiTi 

xolmeobiTi: 

xolmeobiTi 

sul erTsa da imave simGeras GiGineb GiGinebda GiGineb da xol xolme xol 

me (ilia); 

saaGdgomod yonaze da dadi da 

di diod diod 

odnen od nen xol xolme xol 

me momGerlebi (akaki); 

yia-matlebi ere ereod ere ereod 

odnen od nen xol xolme xol me xexilsa (iakobi); 

pasuxad sul amas metKoda metKoda xol xolme xol me (ilia); 

gveli rom Segxvedroda? _ da davas da 

vas vasxver 

xverteb 

tebdi teb di xol xolme xol xolme 

me miwaze (akaki); 

daviTi advilad da swrafad mo moina mo 

na nadi 

direb 

rebda reb da xol xolme xol me Kvelas 

guls (iakobi). 

I I kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi 

biTi 

Ti: Ti 

neta sitKvas saqmed vaq vaqcev vaq vaqcev 

cevdeT cev deT xol xolme xol me (ek. gab.); 

baGis muSaobis drosac amas unda ga gais ga gais 

istum 

tumreb 

rebdeT reb deT xol xolme xol me 

(its. sabuT.); 

Tqven Tavad sxvas ga gaimZGva ga gaimZGva 

imZGvareb imZGvareb 

rebdeT reb deT xol xolme xol me (iqve); 

am Cvengan ganwesebuls wKalobas Cveni saxlTuxucesebi, 

mdivnebi niadag wels Semosavlebidan unda mi misc mi misc 

scem 

emdeT em deT xol- 

xol 

me (iqve). 


tili 

li: li 

modi, giorgisac da daeki da 

ki kiTxe ki Txe xol xolme xol 

me (ilia); 

sxvagan wamsvleli kargad gaCxrikeT xolme (iakobi); 

egre sTqvi sTqvi sTqvi xol xolme xol xolme 

me sxvaganac (ilia). 


Sire Sire 

rebi 

biTi biTi 

Ti: Ti 

KovelTvis hsurs, rom Tavisi gulispasuxi sxvebsac gadasces, 

Se SeatKobi Se 

atKobi atKobinos atKobi nos xol xolme xol me (akaki); 

ecdebian, sxvebsac da dauSa da 

Sa Salon Sa lon xol xolme xol 

me amgvari ugunuri da 

mavne moqmedeba (iakobi); 

egebis aqedan ninos Tvali mo movkra mo 

vkra xol xolmeo xol meo (r. erisT.). 


meobi me bi biTi bi Ti (iSviaTia): 

adre qurcikiviT aur aurbe aur aurbe 

benia be nia xol xolme xol me es dakidebuli gza 

(r. gvet.). 


meobi me bi biTi bi Ti (iSviaTia): 

gayirvebuli kaci ga gaeca ga ca cace 

cebi 

bina bi na xol xolme xol me macdurs (ilia). 

uwKvetel-xolmeobiTi rom nawilakis gareSe gamoxatavs mravalgzisobas, 

esec cnobilia:


kneina Tvals ga gaayKet ga 

ayKet ayKetda 

da, da SavardeniviT gadmo gadmofrin 

gadmo gadmofrin 

frinde 

debo 

boda bo da 

taxtidam, ga gadik ga 

dik dikrav 

ravda rav da Sublsafensa, zed wa waik wa 

ik ikrav 

ravda rav da CiTmerdinsa, 

ga gadic ga 

dic dicvam 

vamda vam da CiTis kabasa _ xandisxan siCqarisagan 

ukuGma _ SiSvela fexs Se Seimo Se 

mo mosav 

savda 

da CustiTa da _ heri biyo 

_ da daeS da daeS 

eSve 

vebo 

boda 

da Calurisaken (ilia). 

unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom `sagaremoebo sitKvebis gamoKenebiT 

gangrZobili moqmedebis Sinaarsi uZlierdeba zmnis nakvTis 

formebs~ (i. qavTaraZe, 1961, gv. 20): 

is dalocvili mGdeli xSi xSirad xSi rad ma mari ma mari 

rigeb 

gebda geb da xol xolme xol 

me (ilia); 

saxe mu mudam mu mudam 

dam erTi gansakuTrebuli sulelobiT uci ucino uci ucino 

noda 

da 

xol xolme xol me (akaki); 

oTaraanT qvrivi Kovel Kovel kvi kvira kvi ra dGes erTi aTiod SoTs da 

erT badia korkots Tavis xeliT gadautanda xolme (ilia)... 

amgvari SesaZleblobebi ganusazGvrelia; sagaremoebo 

sitKvebi x o l m e nawilakis gareSec axerxebs am mniSvnelobis 

gadmocemas: 

`kvi kvi kvira kvi ra ar ar ga gavi ga gavi 

vido 

doda doda 

da, da rom oTaraanT qvrivs ar CamoeGo CamoeGo CamoeGo es 

iaraGi da guldasmiT ar ga gaew ga gaew 

ewmin ewmin 

minda 

da~ da (ilia)... 

bev bevrJer bev rJer da da bev bevrJer bev bevrJer 

rJer Sen mac macdu mac 

du dune 

ne (ilia); 

mu mudam mu 

dam gabutviT da dadis da da dis (ilia); 


valJer val Jer da daef da 

ef efrTxos ef rTxos (akaki) da sxva. 

aGaras vambobT iseT SemTxvevebze, rogoricaa formaTa gameoreba: 

vke vkece vke 

ce ce, ce , vke vkece vke 

ce ce, ce ver davkece... 

vTva vTvale vTva vTvale 

le, le vTva vTvale vTva vTvale 

le, le ver davTvale... 

ia iara ia iara 

ra, ra ia iara ia ra da miadga... 

wera ra ra, ra we wera we ra da... 

Kovelive amaze imitom vamaxvilebT KuradGebas, rom davinaxoT, 

Tu ra viTareba Seiqmna axal qarTulSi xolmeobiTis organuli 

warmoebis moSlis Semdeg: mravalgzisobis gamoxatvis enobrivi 

SesaZleblobebi gaizada, gamravalferovnda. es TavisTavad 

am mniSvnelobis gamoxatvisas damatebiTi niuansebis gadmocemis 

SesaZleblobas iZleva. zmnur formaTa funqciuri analizis 

dros Kovelive amaze KuradGeba unda iqnes gamaxvilebuli... 

455

Ta Tavi Ta 

vi vi VVI. 

V . III seriis formaTa warmoebis 

sakiTxebi 

$ $ 27. . III III se seri se seri 

riis ri is for forma for forma 

maTa ma Ta warmo warmoebis warmo bis sa saki sa 

ki kiTxe kiTxe 

Txebi Txe bi 

22227777....1111.... * * * * * * * * * * * * 

mwkrivTa warmoebisa da daJgufebis principebze saubrisas 

($ 8) aGiniSna, rom formawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT seriozul 

problemebs qmnis dro-kiloTa mesame seria. arsebiTi is aris, 

rom sawarmoebeli fuZis principi, romelic samecniero gramatikaSi 

n. marma danerga (arn. Ciqobava), gatarebulia pirvel da meore 

seriaSi; mesame seriaSi es principi irGveva: `TurmeobiTis 

Jgufs ar moepoveba saerTo fuZe, amosavlad rom gvqondes warmoebisas. 

amiT gansxvavdeba TurmeobiTis Jgufi awmKosa da namKo 

ZiriTadis Jgufisagan: awmKos Jgufi awmKos fuZezea damKarebuli, 

namKo ZiriTadisa _ namKo ZiriTadis fuZeze. Tu mesame Jgufi mainc 

gaerTianda, es imitom, rom am JgufSi Semavali droebi èr- 

Ti da imave wesiT iwarmoeba~. marTlac, am JgufSi inversiuli 

wKoba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac awmKosa da namKo ZiriTadis JgufebSi 

wKoba pirdapiria~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1962, gv. 93). aq unda davazustoT: 

warmoebis es wesi (inversiuloba) mxolod gardamaval 

zmnaTaTvisaa niSandoblivi. gardauvali zmnebi pirdapiri wKobiT 

iuGvlis. mokled rom vTqvaT, mesame seriaSi formawarmoebisas 

ramdenime SemTxveva gairCeva: e r T i m x r i v, gardamavali orpiriani 

zmnebi; m e o r e m x r i v, gardauvali erTpiriani zmnebi 

da, m e s a m e m x r i v, gardauvali orpiriani zmnebi. ase iKo es 

Zvel qarTulSic da asea axal qarTulSic, Tumca didad mniSvnelovania 

is cvlilebebi, romlebic moxda axal qarTulSi mesame 

seriis formaTa warmoebisas. SevecdebiT Tvali mivadevnoT am 

cvlilebebs.

Tavi VI. III seriis formaTa warmoebis sakiTxebi 

22227777....2222. . . . III III III III seri se se seri 

riis riis 

is is mwkriiiivTa mwkr mwkr mwkr vTa vTa vTa warmoeeeeba warmo warmo warmo ba ba ba Zvel Zvel Zvel Zvel qarTul qar qar qarTulSi 

Tul TulSi 

Si Si 

rogori iKo viTareba Zvel qarTulSi: warmovadgenT TiToeul 

zemomoKvanili SemTxvevis magaliTebs paradigmebis saxiT da 

Semdeg SevecdebiT analizs. amTaviTve SevniSnavT: p i r v e l S e - 

m T x v e v a S i (orpirian gardamaval zmnebSi) formawarmoebis 

ori varianti gairCeva _ a) -av av da -am am TemisniSnianebi da b) Kvela 

danarCeni. 

magaliTebi: 

I. SemTxveva: 



Ti: Ti 

a) da-m-i-wer-i-e-s 

da-g-i-wer-i-e-s 

da-u-wer-i-e-s 

da-m-i-wer-i-e-s º 

º da-gu-i-wer-i-e-s 

da-g-i-wer-i-e-s 

da-u-wer-i-e-s 

b) mo-m-i-kl-av-s 

mo-g-i-kl-av-s 

mo-u-kl-av-s 

mo-m-i-kl-av-s º 

º mo-gu-i-kl-av-s 

mo-g-i-kl-av-s 

mo-u-kl-av-s 

aG-m-i-SÀn-eb-i-e-s 

aG-g-i-SÀn-eb-i-e-s 

aG-u-SÀn-eb-i-e-s 

aG-m-i-SÀn-eb-i-e-s º 

º aG-g-u-i-SÀn-eb-i-e-s 

aG-g-i-SÀn-eb-i-e-s 

aG-u-SÀn-eb-i-e-s 

da-m-i-dg-am-s 

da-g-i-dg-am-s 

da-u-dg-am-s 

da-m-i-dg-am-s º 

º da-gu-i-dg-am-s 

da-g-i-dg-am-s 

da-u-dg-am-s 

(me igi) 

(Sen igi) 

(mas igi) 

(Cuen igi) 

(Cuen igi) 

(Tquen igi) 

(maT igi) 

(me igi) 

(Sen igi) 

(mas igi) 

(Cuen igi) 

(Cuen igi) 

(Tquen igi) 

(maT igi 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna obieqtis ricxvs amJerad KuradGebas ar mivaqcevT. 

Semdgomi msJelobisaTvis mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli 

piris SemTxvevaSi moviKvanT mxolod e. w. inkluzivis 

formebs (mo-gu-iklavs, da-gu-idgams, aG- 

457 

gu-iSÀnebis...): mwkrivis formaTa warmoebis TvalsazrisiT 

e. w. inkluziuri da eqskluziuri formebi 

gansxvavebas ar iZlevian:

458 


meobiTi me Ti Ti: Ti 

a) da-m-e-wer-a 

da-g-e-wer-a 

da-e-wer-a 

da-gu-e-wer-a 

da-g-e-wer-a 

da-e-wer-a 

b) mo-m-e-kl-a 

mo-g-e-kl-a 

mo-e-kl-a 

mo-gu-e-kl-a 

mo-g-e-kl-a 

mo-e-kl-a 


Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTi 

Ti: Ti 

a) da-m-e-wer-o-s 


da-e-wer-o-s 

da-gu-e-wer-o-s 


da-e-wer-o-s 


aG-m-e-SÀn-a 

aG-g-e-SÀn-a 

aG-e-SÀn-a 

aG-gu-e-SÀn-a 

aG-g-e-SÀn-a 

aG-e-SÀn-a 

da-m-e-dg-a 

da-g-e-dg-a 

da-e-dg-a 

da-gu-e-dg-a 

da-g-e-dg-a 

da-e-dg-a 

aG-m-e-SÀn-o-s 

aG-g-e-SÀn-o-s 

aG-e-SÀn-o-s 

aG-gu-e-SÀn-o-s 

aG-g-e-SÀn-o-s 

aG-e-SÀn-o-s 

(me igi) 

(Sen igi) 

(mas igi) 

(Cuen igi) 

(Tquen igi) 

(maT igi) 

(me igi) 

(Sen igi) 

(mas igi) 

(Cuen igi) 

(Tquen igi) 

(maT igi) 

(me igi) 

(Sen igi) 

(mas igi) 

(Cuen igi) 

(Tquen igi) 

(mas igi) 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna : mesame seriaSi momxdar formobriv cvlilebaTa 

analizis dros ar vimsJelebT III xolmeobiTze 

ramdenime mizezis gamo: 

a) mesame xolmeobiTi ara gvaqvs axal qarTulSi 

da, Sesabamisad, formobriv cvlilebebze saubaric 

ar iqneba SesaZlebeli. 

b) mesame xolmeobiTi Zveli qarTulis zogadi suraTis 

warmosadgenad SeiZleboda mogveKvana, magram 

aseTi suraTi am wignSi ukve warmovadgineT ($ 

6.3.); meorec, Kvela tipis gardamaval zmnaTaTvis 

arc iqneboda gamarTlebuli (Tu SesaZlebeli 

aris) am mwkrivis formaTa paradigmis ageba (Teoriulad, 

ra Tqma unda, dasaSvebia).


459 

g) III xolmeobiTi mxolod gardamaval zmnaTaTvisaa 

da ara gardauvalTaTvis, rac zogadad momxdar 

formobriv cvlilebaTa suraTs arafers 

Sematebs... 

d) formobrivi TvalsazrisiT rac xdeba II TurmeobiTsa 

da III kavSirebiTSi, is xdeba III xolmeobiT- 

Sic. amitomac sakmarisad migvaCnia msJeloba am or 

mwkrivze (II TurmeobiTsa da III kavSirebiTze)... amave 

TvalTaxedviT SeiZleboda mxolod II TurmeobiTze 

gvemsJela, magram II TurmeobiTsa da II kavSirebiTs 

Soris arsebiTi sxvaobaa eTpirian gardauval 

zmnebSi; amitom III seriis srul paradigmebSi 

sayirod vTvliT III kavSirebiTze msJelobasac. 

zogi ram dasakonkretebelia: 

mesame Jgufis wverTagan II TurmeobiTi da III kavSirebiTi 

Kvela tipis zmnasTan erTgvari principiT miemarTeba erTmaneTs: 

brunvacvalebadsubieqtian zmnebSi maTi mimarTeba formobrivi 

TvalsazrisiT iseTia, rogoric uwKvetlisa da I kavSirebiTisa, 

wKvetilisa da II kavSirebiTisa. 

erTi mxriv, uwKveteli da I kavSirebiTi, xolo, meore 

mxriv, wKvetili da II kavSirebiTi urTierTCanacvlebadi mwkrivebia; 

asea II TurmeobiTi da III kavSirebiTic, rogorc Zvel, ise 

axal saliteraturo qarTulSi: 

uwKveteli: 

I kavSirebiTi: 

wKvetili: 

II kavSirebiTi: 

II TurmeobiTi: 

III kavSirebiTi: 

Zveli qarTuli: 

v-wer-d-(i) 

v-wer-d-e 

da-v-wer-e 

da-v-wer-o 

da-m-e-wer-a 

da-m-e-wer-o-s 

v-tir-od-e 

v-tir-od-i 

gan-v-tef-Ø 

gan-v-tf-e 

aG-m-e-SÀn-a 

aG-m-e-SÀn-o-s

460 

uwKveteli: 


wKvetili: 

II kavSirebiTi: 

II TurmeobiTi: 

III kavSirebiTi: 


axali qarTuli: 


(da)-v-wer-d-e 

(da)-v-wer-e 

(da)-v-wer-o 

(da)-m-e-wer-a 

(da)-m-e-wer-o-s 

v-tir-od-i 

v-tir-od-e 

ga-v-Tb-i 

ga-v-Tb-e 

a-m-e-Sen-eb-in-a 

a-m-e-Sen-eb-in-o-s 

ase rom, Kvela SemTxvevaSi es wKvilebi urTierTCanacvlebadi 

mwkrivebia. 

principuli sxvaoba isaa, rom uwKvetelsa da I kavSirebiTs 

aqvT saerTo saKrdeni mwkrivi _ awmKo, romelsac isini xazovani 

principiT miemarTebian. aseTi saKrdeni mwkrivi ar moepoveba arc 

wKvetil _ II kavSirebiTsa da arc II TurmeobiT _ III kavSirebiTs: 

uwKveteli: 


uwKveteli: 


v-wer-d-i 

v-wer-d-e 

v-a-Sen-eb-d-i 

v-a-Sen-eb-d-e 

awmKo: v-wer 

awmKo: v-a-Sen-eb 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT: awmKo aris saKrdeni momdevno mwkrivebisaTvis 

(Zveli qarTulisaTvis: uwKvetlisa, I kavSirebiTisa da 

I xolmeobiTisaTvis. axal qarTulSi _ uwKvetlisa da I kavSirebiTisaTvis); 

momdevno mwkrivebi erTmaneTs Canacvlebis wesiT miemarTebian; 

isini erTimeorisTvis ar arian saKrdeni. asea rogorc 

Zvel, ise axal qarTulSi Kvela tipis zmnaSi; ufro zustad: 

Kvela im zmnaSi, romlebic iwarmoeben I seriis mwkrivebs 

(ganurCevlad gvarisa da gardamavlobisa). 

Sen-eb → Sen-eb-d 

Sen-eb-di 

Sen-eb-de 

II seriaSi Kvela urTierTCanacvlebadi mwkrivia rogorc 

Zvel, ise axal qarTulSi. Zveli saliteraturo qarTulisaTvis


Sereuli kavSirebiTis daboloeba formobrivad mxolod mwkrivis 

niSanTa tolfasad SegviZlia miviCnioT: 

wKvetili: 

(aG)-v-a-SÀn-e 

II xolmeobiTi: (aG)-v-a-SÀn-i 

I kavSirebiTi: (aG)-v-a-SÀn-o 

Ser. kavSirebiTi: (aG)-v-a-SÀn-odi 

aseve iTqmis Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis SemTxveva- 

Si III xolmeobiTzec: isic Canacvlebis principiT miemarTeba II 

TurmeobiTsa da II kavSirebiTs. 

am sakmaod mwKobri da saintereso sistemidan ganmartoebiT 

dgas I TurmeobiTi (JerJerobiT vmsJelobT brunvacvalebadsubieqtian 

zmnebze). 

rogorc cnobilia, am SemTxvevaSi I TurmeobiTsa da momdevno 

mwkrivebs _ II TurmeobiTs, III kavSirebiTsa da III xolmeobiTs 

_ warmoebis wesi (e. w. inversiuloba) da sintaqsuri konstruqcia 

aerTianebT. fuZis warmoebis sakiTxi? aq principuli dapirispirebaa: 

Zvel saliteraturo qarTulSi gansaxilvel zmnaTa (brunvacvalebadsubieqtian 

zmnebs vgulisxmob) I TurmeobiTi I seriis 

rTul Temas emKareba. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna Temis Sesaxeb zogadad visaubreT (SesavalSi). rogorc 

iTqva, Cven Temad ganvixilavT martivi fu- 

Zisa da Temis niSnis kombinacias: v-a-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb, eb , v-i- 


eb eb, eb , v-u-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb. eb . keT keT-eb keT eb rTuli Temaa CvenTvis, 

wer wer _ martivi, drek drek xmovanmonacvle _ martivi. 

faqti erTia, am etapze xmovanprefiqsebs TemaSi 

ar ganvixilavT. 

erTTemian zmnebze, cxadia, amJerad ar vmsJelobT: TemaTa 

sxvaoba aq, ra Tqma unda, ar gveqneba. sxva SemTxvevaSi Zvel Zvel Zvel sa- 

sa 

li lite li lite 

tera 

ratu 

turo tu ro qar qarTul qar 

Tul TulSi Si I Tur Turme Tur 

me meobi me bi biTi bi Ti Kovel KovelTvis Kovel 

Tvis ime imeorebs ime 

rebs 

rTul rTul Te Temas Te Temas 

mas, mas , II II II Tur Turme Tur Turme 


Ti _ mar martivs mar martivs 

tivs. tivs 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna rogorc aGvniSneT, II TurmeobiTi, III kavSirebiTi 

da III xolmeobiTi urTierTCanacvlebadi mwkrivebia, 

amitom msJelobis gasaadvileblad mxolod II 

461

462 


TurmeobiTze vimsJeloT. igive daskvna gavrceldeba 

momdevno mwkrivebzec. 

- e b T e m i s n i S n i a n i zmnebi (warmovadgenT subieqtis 

mxolobiTis formebs): 

awmKo: aG-v-a-SÀn-eb eb 

aG-a-SÀn-eb eb 

aG-a-SÀn-eb eb eb-s eb 

I TurmeobiTi: aG-m-i-SÀn-eb eb eb-i-e-s eb 

aG-g-i-SÀn-eb eb eb-i-e-s eb 

aG-u-SÀn-eb eb eb-i-e-s eb 

wKvetili: aG-v-a-SÀn-e 

aG-a-SÀn-e 

aG-a-SÀn-a 

II TurmeobiTi: aG-m-e-SÀn-a 

aG-g-e-SÀn-a 

aG-e-SÀn-a 

gan-v-a-g-eb eb 

gan-a-g-eb eb 

gan-a-g-eb eb eb-s eb 

gan-m-i-g-eb eb eb-i-e-s eb 

gan-g-i-g-eb eb eb-i-e-s eb 

gan-u-g-eb eb eb-i-e-s eb 

gan-v-a-g-e 

gan-a-g-e 

gan-a-g-o 

gan-m-e-g-o 

gan-g-e-g-o 

gan-e-g-o 

-o b T e m i s n i S n i a n i: 

awmKo: gan-v-a-tf tf tf-ob tf ob ob I TurmeobiTi: gan-m-i-tf tf tf-ob tf ob ob-i-e-s ob 

wKvetili: gan-v-a-tf tf tf-e tf II TurmeobiTi gan-m-e-tf tf tf-o tf 

-o f T e m i s n i S n i a n i: 

awmKo: v-h-K-of of I TurmeobiTi: m-i-K-of of of-i-e-s of 

wKvetili: v-Kav Kav Kav(K-o) Kav 

II TurmeobiTi: m-e-K-o 

-e v T e m i s n i S n i a n i: 

awmKo: v-a-kurT kurT kurTx-ev kurT ev I TurmeobiTi: m-i-kurTx kurTx kurTx-ev kurTx ev ev-i-e-s ev 

wKvetili: v-a-kurTx kurTx kurTx-e kurTx II TurmeobiTi: m-e-kurTx kurTx kurTx-a kurTx 

-e m T e m i s n i S n i a n i: 

awmKo: war-v-s-c-em em I TurmeobiTi: war-m-i-c-em em em-i-e-s em 

wKvetili: war-v-ec ec II TurmeobiTi: war-m-e-c-a


Temis TvalsazrisiT principulad igive viTarebaa -av av da 

-am am TemisniSnian zmnebSi; sxvaoba isaa, rom es zmnebi I TurmeobiTSi 

ie ie daboloebas ar dairTaven: 

-a v T e m i s n i S n i a n i: 

awmKo: da-v-h-mal mal mal-av mal av I TurmeobiTi: da-m-i-mal mal mal-av mal av av-s av 

wKvetili: da-v-mal mal mal-e mal II TurmeobiTi da-m-e-mal mal mal-a mal 

-a m T e m i s n i S n i a n i: 

awmKo: gan-v-i-rTx rTx rTx-am rTx I TurmeobiTi: gan-m-i-rTx rTx rTx-am rTx am am-s am 

wKvetili: gan-v-i-ra ra raTx 

Tx II TurmeobiTi gan-m-e-rTx rTx rTx-a rTx 

viTareba analogiuria f u Z e d r e k a d z m n e b S i c: 

awmKo: mo-v-s-drek drek I TurmeobiTi: mo-m-i-drek drek drek-i-e-s drek 

wKvetili: mo-v-drik drik drik-e drik II TurmeobiTi mo-m-e-drik drik drik-a drik 

Tu davuSvebT, rom wer wer tipis aTematur zmnebSi nulovani 

Tematuri niSani aris, viTareba aseTive iqneba: 

awmKo: da-v-s-wer wer wer-Ø wer I TurmeobiTi: da-m-i-wer wer wer-Ø-i-e-s 

wer 

wKvetili: da-v-wer wer wer-e wer II TurmeobiTi da-m-e-wer wer wer-a wer 

warmodgenil suraTs Tu gadavxedavT, daskvnis gakeTeba iolia: 

rogorc pirveli, ise meore TurmeobiTis warmoeba aris er- 

Tgvarovani, magram principulad gansxvavebuli erTmaneTisagan 

saKrdeni fuZis TvalsazrisiT: 

Kvela SemTxvevaSi I T u r m e o b i T i s f o r m i s a T v i s 

s a K r d e n i a r T u l i T e m a; anu I s e r i i s T e m a (aq Semodis 

uTemisniSno da fuZedrekadi zmnebi). II T u r m e o b i T i - 

s a T v i s (d a, Se s a b a m i s a d, III k a v S i r e b i T i s a d a III 

x o l m e o b i T i s a T v i s) s a K r d e n i a m a r t i v i , a n u II 

s e r i i s T e m a (fuZedrekadi zmnebi i gaxmovanebiT). 

-av av av/ av -am am TemisniSniani zmnebi danarCenTagan imiT gansxvavdeba, 

rom ie ie daboloebas ar dairTavs. anu: msgavseba danarCenebTan is 

aris, rom I seriis Temas emKareba; gansxvaveba ki isaa, rom ie ie daboloebas 

ar dairTavs. 

463

464 


ase rom, gardamaval zmnebSi I TurmeobiTSi ori ZirTadi 

modeli gamoiKofa: 

a) I I se seri se seri 

riis ri is Te Tema Te ma + + i-e (aGmi-SÀn-eb eb eb-i-e-s); eb 

b) I I se seri se seri 

riis ri is Te Tema Te ma (i-e daboloebis gareSe) (dami-mal mal mal-av mal av av-s). av 

rac Seexeba II TurmeobiTs, aq viTareba erTgvarovania Kvela 

tipis gardamavali zmnisaTvis. 

Cven SevecadeT, saerTo suraTi warmogvedgina Zveli qarTulisa 

da mimarTebebic dagvezustebina... 

22227777....3333. . . . ra ra ra ra xdeba xde xde xdeba 

ba ba axal axal axal axal sali sa sa sali 

lite lite 

tera tera 

ratu ratu 

turo turo 

ro ro qarTul qar qar qarTulSi 

Tul TulSi 

Si???? Si 

axal saliteraturo qarTulSi ZvelTan SedarebiT principuli 

cvlilebebi ganxorcielda. da dairGva da 

irGva er erTfe er erTfe 

Tferov 

rovne 

neba ne ba er erTi er Ti 

da da ima imave ima ve mwkri mwkrivis mwkri vis for forma for 

ma maTa ma Ta warmo warmoeba warmo 

ba baSi 

Si, Si magram damKar damKarda damKar damKarda 

da er er- er 

Tgv Tgvarov Tgv rov rovne 

neba ne ba III III se seri se seri 

riis riis 

is mwkriv mwkrivTa mwkriv 

Ta Ta pa para pa 

ra radig 

digma 

maSi 

Si; Si sxvagvarad rom 

vTqvaT, erTi da igive zmna III III se seri se seri 

riis ri is mwkriv mwkrivTa mwkriv 

Ta for forme for 

me mebis me bis sa sawa sa sawa 

war- wa 

mo moeb mo 

eb eblad lad gamoiKenebs gamoiKenebs er erTsa er 

Tsa da ima imave ima 

ve saKrden saKrden fu fuZes fu 

Zes Zes. Zes Tumca aq 

Tavs iCens saintereso movlena: erTi Jgufis zmnebi III seriis samive 

mwkrivSi eKrdnoba I seriis Temas, meore Jgufis zmnebi _ II 

seriis Temas: 

I J g u f i s z m n e b i: 

awmKo: v-a-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb 

a-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb 

a-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-s eb 

I TurmeobiTi: a-m-i-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-ia eb 

a-g-i-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-ia eb 

a-u-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-ia eb 

II TurmeobiTi: a-m-e-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-i-n-a eb 

a-g-e-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-i-n-a eb 

a-e-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-i-n-a eb 

III kavSirebiTi: a-m-e-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-i-n-o-s eb 

a-g-e-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-i-n-o-s eb 

a-e-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-i-n-o-s eb 

v-a-brun brun brun-eb brun eb 

a-brun brun brun-eb brun eb 

a-brun brun brun-eb brun eb eb-s eb 

da-m-i-brun brun brun-eb brun eb eb-ia eb 

da-g-i-brun brun brun-eb brun eb eb-ia eb 

da-u-brun brun brun-eb brun eb eb-ia eb 

da-m-e-brun brun brun-eb brun eb eb-i-n-a eb 

da-g-e-brun brun brun-eb brun eb eb-i-n-a eb 

da-e-brun brun brun-eb brun eb eb-i-n-a eb 

da-m-e-brun brun brun-eb brun eb eb-i-n-o-s eb 

da-g-e-brun brun brun-eb brun eb eb-i-n-o-s eb 

da-e-brun brun brun-eb brun eb eb-i-n-o-s 

eb


II J g u f i s z m n e b i: 

wKvetili: a-v-a-g-e (Sdr.: a-v-a-g-eb eb eb) eb 

a-a-g-e 

a-a-g-o 

I TurmeobiTi: a-m-i-g-i-a 

a-g-i-g-i-a 

a-u-g-i-a 

II TurmeobiTi: a-m-e-g-o 

a-g-e-g-o 

a-e-g-o 

III kavSirebiTi: a-m-e-g-o-s 

a-g-e-g-o-s 

a-e-g-o-s 

465 

ga-v-a-Tb Tb Tb-e Tb (Sdr.: gav-a-Tb 

Tb Tb-ob Tb ob ob) ob 

ga-a-Tb Tb Tb-e Tb 

ga-a-Tb Tb Tb-o Tb 

ga-m-i-Tb Tb Tb-i-a Tb 

ga-g-i-Tb Tb Tb-i-a Tb 

ga-u-Tb Tb Tb-i-a Tb 

ga-m-e-Tb Tb Tb-o Tb 

ga-g-e-Tb Tb Tb-o Tb 

ga-e-Tb Tb Tb-o Tb 

ga-m-e-Tb Tb Tb-o-s Tb 

ga-g-e-Tb Tb Tb-o-s Tb 

ga-e-Tb Tb Tb-o-s Tb 

-av av da -am am TemisniSnian zmnaTa Tavisebur viTarebaze mogvianebiT 

visaubreb. 

rogorc vxedavT, cvlileba ori mimarTulebiT ganviTarda: 

a) erTi rigis zmnebSi I TurmeobiTis rTuli Tema gavrcelda 

II TurmeobiTsa da III kavSirebiTSi: 

gami-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-i-a eb _ game-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-ina eb _ game-keT keT keT-eb-inos keT (nacvlad 

formebisa game-keT keT keT-a, keT game-keT keT keT-os); keT 

b) meore rigis zmnebSi II TurmeobiTisa da III kavSirebiTis 

martivi Tema gavrcelda I TurmeobiTSi: 

a-me-G-o / ame-G-os _ ami-G-ia (nacvlad formisa aGmi-G-eb ebies...); 

mime-c-a / mime-c-e-s_ mimi-c-ia (nacvlad formisa mimi-c-em em- em 

ies)... 

moxda `paradigmebis gasworeba~: erT SemTxvevaSi I TurmeobiTis 

mixedviT, meore SemTxvevaSi _ II TurmeobiTisa da III kavSirebiTis 

mixedviT. 

ase rom, Te Temis Te Temis 

misniS misniS 

niSni niSni 

nian ni an brun brunvac brun brunvac 

vacva 

vale 

lebad lebad 

badsu 

subi 

bieq 

eqti 

tian ti an zmneb zmnebSi zmneb 

Si 

sauGlebeli fuZis principi III seriis mwkrivebSic gatarda: zmnebi 

samive mwkrivSi erTsa da imave fuZes eKrdnoba _ an rTuls (I 

seriisas), an martivs (II seriisas);

466 


a w m K o : va-keT keT keT-eb keT eb vi-G-eb eb 

w K v e t i l i: va-keT keT keT-e keT 

avi-G-e 

I T u r m.: gami-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-ia eb ami-G-ia 

II T u r m.: game-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-ina eb ame-G-o 

III k a v S.: game-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-inos eb ame-G-os 

erTi mTavari kiTxva Cndeba: ra aris mizezi amgvari cvlilebis 

ganxorcielebisa? _ paradigmis gasworeba? maSin: ratom 

`gasworda~ erTi Jgufi pirveli TurmeobiTis mixedviT da meore 

Jgufi _ II TurmeobiTis mixedviT? es kiTxvebi JerJerobiT upasuxod 

rCeba... 

Cven zemoT gavxazeT: es cvlileba moxda Te Temis Te Temis 

misniS misniS 

niSni 

nian 

an 

zmneb zmnebSi zmneb zmnebSi 

Si. Si xolo im zmnebSi, romelTa I-II seriebis Tema xmovanmonacvleobiTaa 

dapirispirebuli, amgvari cvlileba ar momxdara; 

viTareba Zveleburi darCa: I TurmeobiTi kvlavac awmKos fuZes 

eKrdnoba, II TurmeobiTi da III kavSirebiTi _ wKvetilis fuZes: 

am SemTxvevaSic or Jgufs ganvixilavT: a) fuZedrekad zmnebsa da 

b) e. w. i-TemisniSnian zmnebs. 

a) fuZedrekadi zmnebi: 

a w m K o : v-drek drek war-v-a-dgen dgen 

I T u r m.: mo-m-i-dr dr drek-i-a dr 

war-m-i-dgen dgen dgen-i-a dgen 

w K v e t.: mo-v-drik drik drik-e drik 

war-v-a-dgin dgin dgin-e dgin 

II T u r m.: mo-m-e-drik drik drik-a drik war-m-e-dgin dgin dgin-a dgin 

III k a v S.: mo-m-e-drik drik drik-o-s drik war-m-e-dgin dgin dgin-o-s dgin 

b) e. w. i-TemisniSniani zmnebi: 

a w m K o : v-Tl Tl Tl-i Tl 

v-cl cl cl-i cl 

I T u r m.: ga-m-i-Tl Tl Tl-i-a Tl 

da-m-i-cl cl cl-ia cl 

w K v e t.: ga-v-Tal Tal Tal-e Tal 

da-v-cal cal cal-e cal 

II T u r m.: ga-m-e-Tal Tal Tal-a Tal da-m-e-cal cal cal-a cal 

III k a v S.: ga-m-e-Tal Tal Tal-o-s Tal da-m-e-cal cal cal-o-s 

cal


amgvarad: xmovanmonacvle zmnebi inarCunebs imave princips, ra 

principzec iKo agebuli III seriis mwkrivTa warmoeba Zvel qarTul- 

Si. cvlileba ar momxdara da arc iKo mosalodneli erTTemian 

zmnebSi: wer wer-s wer tipis zmnaTa III seriis mwkrivebi imave martiv fuZes 

emKareba, romeli fuZec saerToa I da II seriis mwkrivTaTvis: 

a w m K o : v-wer wer v-Txov Txov 

w K v e t.: v-wer wer wer-e wer 

v-Tx Tx Txov 

ov-e ov 

I T u r m.: m-i-wer wer wer-i-a wer 

m-i-Txov Txov Txov-i-a Txov 

II T u r m.: m-e-wer wer wer-a wer 

m-e-Txov Txov Txov-a Txov 

III k a v S.: m-e-wer wer wer-o-s wer 

m-e-Txov Txov Txov-o-s Txov 

ra daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba Kovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT? 

rogorc Cans, ar arse ar arse 

sebi 

biTi bi Ti mniS mniSvne mniS 

vne vnelo 

loba lo ba mi mieni mi 

ni niya ni ya rTul rTul da da ma marma 

tiv tiv Te Tema Te Tema 

maTa ma Ta da dapi da dapi 

piris piris 

rispi 

pire 

rebas re bas da ara erTTemianoba-orTemianobis 

princips. gavixsenoT: rTulia Tema, roca martivi fuZe ganivrcoba 

Temis niSniT (keT _ keT keT-eb keT 

eb eb, eb Tb _ Tb Tb-ob Tb ob ob, ob ec _ c-em em em...); em 

martivia Tema, romelic ar Seicavs Temis niSnas (keT keT keT-, keT , Sen Sen-... Sen 

... 

wer wer-, wer , tex tex... tex tex... 

...). ... am TvalsazrisiT martivia Tema fuZedrekad zmneb- 

Sic (drek drek _ _ drik drik, drik , grex grex _ grix grix... grix grix... 

...) ... da e. w. i-TemisniSnianebSic 

(Tl _ Tal, Sl _ Sal...). 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna 1. gavixsenoT, rom i- bolosarTs ar miviCnevT Temis 

niSnad. Tavad is faqti rom Tl Tl-i-s, Tl , , Sl Sl-i-s Sl 

tipis zmnebi III seriis mwkrivTa warmoebis TvalsazrisiT 

uTemisniSno zmnaTa rigSi Cadga, -i sufiqsis 

raobis garkvevis TvalsazrisiT arsebiTad 

gveCveneba. 

2. radgan mniSvneloba mieniya Temis niSnis qonaarqonas, 

tendencia rom aris qarTulSi uTemisniSno 

da fuZedrekad zmnaTa TemisniSnian for- 

467 

mebze gadasvlisa (rek-s → rek-av-s, Tib-s → Tib- 

av-s... fren-s → frinavs...), xom ar aris kavSirSi 

III seriaSi mimdinare formacvalebisa?.. 

da mainc: ra SuaSia Temis niSani da formawarmoebaSi momxdari 

cvlilebebi? Cven saubari gvqonda Temis niSanTa sistema-

468 


Si momxdar cvlilebebsa da im tendenciebze, rasac es cvlilebebi 

efuZneboda (ix. $ 17). safiqrebelia, III seriaSi momxdari 

formobrivi cvlilebebi dakavSirebuli iKos Temis niSanTa sistemaSi 

mimdinare procesebTan... sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, III seriaSi 

momxdari cvlilebebi Temis niSanTa sistemaSi momxdar 

cvlilebeTan kavSirSi unda iqnes ganxiluli. rogor? _ es momavali 

kvlevis sagnad gvesaxeba. 

Kovelive zemoTqmuli saSualebas gvaZlevs davaskvnaT, rom 

brunvacvalebadsubieqtian zmnaTa III seriis mwkrivebSi momxdari 

formobrivi cvlilebebis Sedegad sauGlebeli fuZis principi 

gatarda dro-kiloTa am JgufSic. es principi daemKara rTul da 

martiv TemaTa dapirispirebis faqtors: sa sami sa sami 

mive mi ve mwkriv mwkrivSi mwkriv Si bru brun- bru 

vac vacva vac vacva 

vale 

lebadsu 

badsubi 

bieq 

eqti 

tian ti an zmnebs an rTu rTuli rTu 

li Te Tema Te 

ma aqvs (keT-eb, Seneb...), 

an _ mar marti mar 

ti tiv ti Te Tema Te 

ma (-q-, -g-... Tl/Tal, Sl/Sal... drek/drik, 

grex/grix...)... gavixsenoT: Zvel qarTulSi TemisniSnian zmnebs I 

TurmeobiTSi rTuli Tema hqondaT, II TurmeobiTSi _ martivi. 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, fuZeTa erTgvarovnebis `horizontaluri~ 

principi Seicvala fuZeTa erTgvarovnebis `vertikaluri~ principiT: 

Z v. q a r T u l i: 

I Turm.: mi-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-ies, eb aGmi-SÀn Àn Àn-eb Àn ebies; 

mimi-g-eb eb eb-ies, eb mimi-c-em em em-es... em 

II Turm.: me-keT keT keT-a, keT aGme-SÀn Àn Àn-a; Àn mime-g-o, mime-c-a... 

III kavS.: me-keT keT keT-os, keT aGme-SÀn Àn Àn-os; Àn mime-g-os, mime-c-es 

a x a l i q a r T u l i: 

I Turm.: mi-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-ia, eb mi-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-ia; eb mimi-g-ia, mimi-c-ia 

II Turm.: me-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-i(n)a, eb me-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-i(n)a; eb mime-g-o, mime-c-a 

III kavS.: me-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-i(n)os, eb me-Sen Sen Sen-eb Sen eb eb-i(n)os; eb mime-g-os, mime-c-es 

vimeorebT: horizontalur xazebSi warmodgenili erTgvarovneba 

Seicvla vertikalur rigebSi warmodgenili erTgvarovnebiT. 

da es es aris aris aris uaGre uaGresad uaGre uaGre sad prin princi prin 

ci cipu cipu 

puli pu li mniS mniSvne mniS 

vne vnelo 

lobis lobis 

bis for formob for 

mob- 

ri rivi ri 

vi gan gansxva gan gansxva 

sxvave 

veba ve ba Zvel Zvelsa Zvel 

sa da da axal qar qarTuls qar 

Tuls So Soris So 

ris ris. ris 

erTi saintereso detalic: zemowarmodgenili paradigmebis 

I rigis formebSi II TurmeobiTsa da III kavSirebiTSi gamovlenili


n frCxilebSi CavsviT. faqtia, rom ga gaeke ga ke keTeb 

Teb-in Teb in in-a in da ga gaeke ga ke keTeb 

Teb-i-a Teb 

paraleluri formebia, magram mxolod es ar aris mTavari. Cven- 

Tvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs n bolosarTis statuss. 

a. SaniZis azriT, n CanarTi Tanxmovania: `garegnulad ise 

Cans, TiTqos grZeli forma SualobiTi kontaqtis formaao, magram 

SualobiTi kontaqtis zmnebs kidev sxva ebin ebin emateba: ga game- ga 

keT keT-e-bin keT 

bin bin-ebin bin ebin ebin-a ebin _ ga game ga 

me mekeT mekeT 

keT-ebin keT ebin ebin-ebin ebin ebin ebin-o-s, ebin ase rom, namdvilad aq 

raGac sxva viTarebaa~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 440). mivadevnoT Tvali 

saintereso msJelobas: `grZeli formebis warmoSobis safuZveli 

es aris: eb ebian eb 

zmnaTa I TurmeobiTis fuZe ganzogadda (igulisxmeba 

is ebianebi, romelTac Temis niSani Senaxuli aqvT I 

TurmeobiTSi) da or sxva mwkrivSic iqna gadatanili: 

gamikeTebia _ gamekeTebia _ gamekeTebios 

damiSavebia _ dameSavebia _ dameSavebios da misT. 

amgvari formebi bevr kiloSia daculi, zogma kilom da ma- 

Ti gavleniT saliteraturo enam n CaurTo kidev da amgvarad miviGeT 

ebin ebin ebin darTuli (`grZeli~) formebi~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 

440). 

es logikuri da damaJerebeli msJeloba III seriis I Kalibis 

samive mwkrivis formebSi warmodgenil -i elements erT odenobad 

gagvaazrebinebs da saerTo fuZis wesi kidev ufro mKari 

xdeba: 

I Turm. 

II Turm. 

III kavS. 

ga-m-i-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-i-a eb 

ga-m-e-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-i-a eb 

ga-m-e-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-i-o-s eb 

is faqti, rom -i elementi I rigis zmnebSi samive mwkrivSi 

gvxvdeba, xolo II rigis zmnebTan mxolod I TurmeobiTSi, safuZvels 

gamogvaclis imisas, es formanti mwkrivis niSnad gaviazroT. 

n elementis CanarTobis Taobaze roca msJelobs, mkvlevari 

daaskvnis: `CarTuli n pirvelad II TurmeobiTSi unda gaCeniliKo, 

magram Semdeg igi I TurmeobiTSi gadasula~ (a. SaniZe, 

1973, gv. 443), igulisxmeba uKid-n-ia tipis formebi. 

Se SeniS Se 

niS niSvna 

vna: vna Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis norma- 

Ta mixedviT èrTaderT saliteraturo forme- 

469

470 


bad~ (normebi, 1986, gv. 218) unda iqnes miCneuli 

n CarTuli formebi; aeSenebina, aeSenebinos... Tu 

gaviTvaliswinebT ia ia daboloebiani formebis gavrcelebis 

sixSires da n-s warmomavlobis sakiTxs, 

SeiZleba warmodgenil kategoriul msJelobaSi 

er erTa er 

Ta Tade 

derTi de Ti Ti Segvecvala... miT umetes, rom igive n 

normis darGvevaa I TurmeobiTSi... 

27 27....4444. 27 27 . . . ----av av av av / / / / ----am am am am Temis Te Te Temis 

misniS misniS 

niSni niSni 

nian nian 


Ta Ta III III III III seri se se seri 

riis riis 

is is 


maTa maTa 

Ta Ta Sessssaaaaxeb Se Se Se xeb xeb xeb 

Zvel qarTulSi -av av av/ av -am am TemisniSnian zmnaTa III seriis formebi, 

rogorc vnaxeT, Tavisebur viTarebas gviCvenebs: Tu II TurmeobiTsa 

da III kavSirebiTSi raime arsebiTi xasiaTis gansxvaveba 

ara gvaqvs sxva brunvacvalebadsubieqtian zmnaTa warmoebasTan, I 

TurmeobiTSi principulad gansxvavebuli viTarebaa: 

II Turm.: 

III kavS.: 

mo-m-e-kl kl kl-a, kl 

mo-m-e-kl kl kl-a-s kl 

m-e-Tqu Tqu Tqu-a Tqu 

m-e-Tqu Tqu Tqu-a-s Tqu 

Sdr.: m-e-wer wer wer-a wer 

m-e-wer wer wer-o-s wer 

I TurmeobiTSi msgavseba is aris, rom rTul Temas emKareba 

-av av av/ av -am am TemisniSniani zmnebic; gansxvaveba is aris, rom ar dair- 

Tavs -i-e- daboloebas: 

m-i-kiTx-av-s 

m-i-su-am-s 

Sdr.: m-i-keT-eb-i-e-s 

mi-m-i-c-em-i-e-s 

Zneli saTqmelia, es sxvaoba risi amsaxvelia; ras niSnavs, 

magram faqtia... es aris norma Zveli qarTulisaTvis. 

`saSuali qarTulis adreul safexurze I TurmeobiTis -ia ia 

daboloeba -av av av da -am am TemisniSnian zmnebSic iCens Tavs. uZvelesi 

nimuSebi amgvari warmoebisa Cven mogvepoveba `vefxistKaosanSi~ 

(z. yumburiZe, 1976, gv. 29). ori formaa dasaxelebuli d a m i - 

s a x i a da d a m i T e s i a. z. sarJvelaZe X-XI saukuneebis xelnawerebSic 

adasturebs ia ia daboloebian formebs: daumarxied, dau- 

Tesian (z. sarJvelaZe, 1984, gv. 462). -av av av/ av -am am TemisniSnian zmnaTa 

-ia ia daboloebaze gadasvla, rogorc Cans, Zvel qarTuliSive 

dawKebula. Zalze sainteresoa antonis paradigmebSi dadasture-


buli variantebi -av av av/ av -am am TemisniSnian zmnaTa I TurmeobiTisa: 

a) Seukravs, aGuxuams 

b) Seukr‚es, aGuxumies 

g) Seukrvia, aGuxumia 

d) Seukria, aGuxumia (ix. $ 1.6). 

Tu davuSvebT, rom Kvela es forma realuria (da, ar gvaqvs 

safuZveli, vifiqroT, rom ase ar aris), saintereso procesTan 

gvaqvs saqme: 

I etapze iwKeba av av/ av 

-am am TemisniSnian zmanTa warmoebis gaTanabreba 

sxva TemisniSnian zmnebTan: rTuli Tema + ie ie-s ie daboloeba: 

Seu-kr kr kr-av kr av av-s av → Seu-kr kr kr-v-ie kr ie ie-s ie (Sdr.: u-keT keT keT-eb keT eb eb-ie eb ie ie-s) ie II etapze 

ie ie-s ie daboloeba icvleba _ i-a daboloebiT: 

Seu-kr-v-ie ie ie-s ie → Seu-kr-v-ia ia (Sdr.: u-keT-eb-ia) III etapze 

ikargeba Temis niSani da -av/-am TemisniSnian zmnaTa gaTanabreba 

xdeba II rigis zmnaTa I TurmeobiTis formebTan: 

Seu-kr kr kr-v-ia kr → Seu-kr kr kr-ia kr (Sdr.: au-G-ia...). es procesi sakmaod 

xangrZlivi da masStaburi aGmoCnda. imdenad bunebrivi da 

TiTqmis saKovelTao, rom karga xania gamoiTqva azri, rom I 

TurmeobiTis paralelur formaTagan (dauxatavs º dauxatia, daudgams 

º daudgia) saliteraturo normaTa TvalsazrisiT orive 

unda iqnes daSvebuli (z. yumburiZe, 1976; g. gogolaSvili, 

2000; g. gogolaSvili, 2007). 

amJerad am polemikas ar gamovedevnebiT. CvenTvis arsebiTia, 

ra xdeba enobriv sistemaSi: -av av av/ av -am am TemisniSnian zmnaTa Zveli 

formebi (daumalavs, uTqvams...) ramdenad Jdeba axal sistemaSi. 

I Turm.: 

II Turm.: 

III kavS.: 

da-u-mal mal mal-av mal av av-s av 

da-e-mal mal mal-a mal 

da-e-mal mal mal-o-s mal 

u-Tqu Tqu Tqu-am Tqu am am-s am 

e-Tqu Tqu Tqu-a Tqu 

e-Tqu Tqu Tqu-a-s Tqu 

formaTa mimarTeba (saKrdeni fuZis principidan gamomdinare) 

im principzea agebuli, ra principsac emKareboda TemisniSnian 

zmnaTa III seriis mwkrivTa warmoeba: ase vTqvaT, warmoebis er- 

Tferovnebis `horizontaluri principi~ _ I TurmeobiTSi rTuli 

Tema; II TurmeobiTsa da III kavSirebiTSi _ martivi Tema. 

471

472 


ia ia daboloebian formebs Tu am paradigmaSi CavsvamT, miviGebT 

im variants, romelsac vuwodeT formaTa erTferovnebis 

`vertikaluri principi~: 

I Turm.: 

II Turm.: 

III kavS.: 

da-u-mal mal mal-ia mal 

da-e-mal mal mal-a mal 

da-e-mal mal mal-o-s mal 

u-Tqv Tqv Tqv-ia Tqv 

e-Tqv Tqv Tqv-a Tqv 

e-Tqv Tqv Tqv-as Tqv 

rogorc vnaxeT, axal qarTulSi Sereuli (anu èrTferovnebis 

horizontalur principze~ agebuli) paradigma TemisniSnian 

zmnebSi aGar gvaqvs: an samive mwkrivSi rTuli Temaa, an samive 

mwkrivSi _ martivi Temaa. -av av av/ av -am am TemisniSnian zmanTa Zveli paradigma 

arGvevs erTian sistemas. ia ia daboloebian formaTa gaCena 

swored III seriis formawarmoebaSi momxdari rTuli cvlilebis 

tendenciis gamovlenaa. -ia ia daboloebiani formebi analogiuria 

TemisniSnian zmnaTa II rigis formebisa: roca II TurmeobiTis (da 

III kavSirebiTis) uTemisniSno saKrdeni fuZe gavrcelda I TurmeobiTSi: 

Sdr.: 

I Turm.: 

II Turm.: 

III kavS.: 

I Turm.: 

II Turm.: 

III kavS.: 

gan-m-i-tf tf tf-ob tf ob ob-i-e-s ob 

gan-m-e-tf tf tf-o tf 

gan-m-e-tf tf tf-o-s tf 

mo-m-i-kl kl kl-av kl av av-s av 

mo-m-e-kl kl kl-a kl 


ga-m-i-Tb Tb Tb-ia Tb 

ga-m-e-Tb Tb Tb-o Tb 

ga-m-i-Tb Tb Tb-o-s Tb 

mo-m-i-kl kl kl-i-a kl 

mo-m-e-kl kl kl-a kl 


rogorc iTqva, TemisniSnian zmnaTa III seriis formaTa 

cvlilebis tendencia faqtobriv dasrulebulia. erTaderTi gamonaklisi 

(Zveli sistemis naSTi), aris swored -av/-am TemisniSnian 

zmnaTa istoriuli paradigma, romlis Canacvlebis mcdeloba 

axali sistemis paradigmiT Zvel qarTulSive dawKebula. dGes 

axali paradigma faqtobriv damkvidrebulia rogorc zepirmetKvelebaSi, 

ise samwerlo qarTulSi. 

am gamonaklisis SenarCunebas (-av/-am TemisniSniani formebisa) 

garkveulwilad xeli SeuwKo gasuli saukunis dasawKisSi Se-


muSavebulma normam: `Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulSi er- 

TaderT literaturul formad unda darCes -av av da -am am sufiqsiani 

formebi, xolo -ia ia daboloebiani formebi ukugdebul unda 

iqnes (normebi, 1986, gv. 217). argumentebi aseTia: TemisniSniani 

formebi 

à) marTebuli formebia warmoebis TvalsazrisiT; 

b) marTebuli formebia istoriuli TvalsazrisiT; 

g) gabatonebuli formebia Tanamedrove saliteraturo qar- 

TulSi~ (iqve, gv. 216). 

TiTqmis saukunis winaT, roca es norma SemuSavda, SesaZlebeli 

iKo sakiTxis ase dasma, magram dGevandeli gadasaxedidan 

SeiZleboda sxvagvarad gvefiqra: 

rogorc Cvenma zemomoKvanilma msJelobam gviCvena, ia ia daboloebiani 

formebi marTebulia warmoebis TvalsazrisiT. metic: 

TemisniSniani formebi (daumalavs, uTqvams) Zveli sistemis naSTia 

da amovardnilia axali sistemidan; misi xelovnuri SenarCuneba 

arGvevs saukuneebis manZilze ganviTarebul tendencias. rogorc 

vTqviT, esaa erTaderTi gamonaklisi TemisniSnian zmnebSi. 

roca vsaubrobT formaTa gavrcelebulobis faqtorze, aq 

moviSveliebT z. yumburiZis azrs: ia ia ia daboloebiani formebi `saerTo 

enobrivi tendenciis gamoxatulebaa, gavrcelebulia mTeli 

xalxis sasaubro enaSi da ar warmoadgens erTi romelime dialeqtis 

(an dialeqtTa wris) Semonatans saliteraturo enaSi; 

savsebiT egueba saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis tendencias, gamarTlebulia 

qarTuli enis dGevandeli gramatikuli sistemiT 

da ar arGvevs am sistemiT nagulisxmev Tanmimdevrobas~ (z. yumburiZe, 

1976, gv. 35-36). 

KuradGebas mivapKrobT imas, rom gansaxilvel zmnaTa I 

TurmeobiTis sruli paradigmidan gavrcelebulobis TvalsazrisiT 

araa erTgvarovani viTareba organul da meSvelzmnian formaTa 

SemTxvevaSi: Tu paralelizmi aSkaraa da TemisniSniani formebi 

arcTu iSviaTia unaxavs º unaxia SemTxvevaSi, meSvelzmnian 

warmoebaSi TemisniSniani formebi iSviaTia, metic, TiTqmis aGar 

gvxvdeba: minaxav av avxar av º minaxixar, ginaxav xav xavxar xav º ginaxivar... 

Cven imis Tqma gvinda, rom -av av av/ av -am am TemisniSnian zmnaTa ia ia 

ia 

daboloebaze gadasvla kanonzomieri procesia da mas normatuli 

barierebi ver SeaCerebs. 

473

474 


sanam am Temaze saboloo daskvnas gavakeTebT, kidev erTxel 

gadavavloT Tvali gansaxilvel zmnaTa I TurmeobiTis srul paradigmas: 

damixat-av av av-s av 

dagixat-av av av-s av 

dauxat-av av av-s av 

dagvixat-av av av-s av 

dagixat-av av av-T av 

dauxat-av av av-T av 

damixat-av av av-xar av 

damixat-av av av-xarT av 

dagvixat-av av av-xar av 

dagvixat-av av av-xarT av 

dagixat-av av av-var av 

dagixat-av av av-varT av 

dagvixat-av av av-xar av 

dagvixat-av av av-xarT av 

dauxat-av av av-var av 

dauxat-av av av-varT av 

dauxat-av av av-xar av 

dauxat-av av av-xarT av 

dagixat-av av av-varT av 

davuxat-av av av-varT av 

dauxat-av av av-xarT av 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

º 

damixat-i-a 

dagixat-i-a 

dauxat-i-a 

dagvixat-i-a 

dagvixat-i-a-T 

dauixat-i-a-T 

damixat-i-xar 

damixat-i-xarT 

dagvixat-i-xar 

dagvixat-i-xarT 

dagixat-i-var 

dagixat-i-varT 

dagvixat-i-xar 

dagvixat-i-xarT 

davuxat-i-var 

dauxat-i-varT 

dauxat-i-xar 

dauxat-i-xarT 

dagixat-i-varT 

davuxat-i-varT 

dauxat-i-xarT 

me is (isini) 

Sen is (isini) 

mas is (isini) 

Cven is (isini) 

Tqven is (isini) 

maT is (isini) 

me Sen 

me Tqven 

Cven Sen 

Cven Tqven 

Sen me 

Sen Cven 

Cven Sen 

Cven Tqven 

mas me 

mas Cven 

mas Sen 

mas Tqven 

Tqven me (Cven) 

maT me (Cven) 

maT Sen (Tqven) 

es vrceli paradigma imisTvis moviKvaneT, rom davinaxoT, 

paradigmis marJvena rigi (ia ia daboloebiani varianti) ramdenad 

bunebrivi da (xSir SemTxvevaSi) erTaderTi variantia paralelur 

formaTagan. es exeba gansakuTrebiT meSvelzmnian formebs. 

marcxena rigis meSvelzmniani formebi iSviaTia da zogJer xelovnurobis 

elfersac atarebs. amitomac vTvliT: am formaTa 

èrTaderT literaturul formebad~ miCneva enis ganviTarebis 

kanonzomierebis winaaGmdeg wasvlaa. Znelia, am SemTxvevaSi kanonmdebelma 

aJobos enas...


22227777....5555. . . . vne vnebi vne vnebi 

biTi biTi 

Ti Ti gvari gva gva gvari 

rissss ri zmanTa zman zman zmanTa 

Ta Ta III III III III seri se se seri 

riis riis 

is is forma for for forma 

maTa maTa 


saxeb saxeb 

xeb xeb 

am Tavis dasawKisSic vTqviT: formawarmoebis Taviseburebebs 

mesame seriaSi garkveulwilad gansazGvravs gvaris faqtori: 

moqmedebiTi gvaris SemTxvevaSi formawarmoeba inversiis principzea 

agebuli da ZiriTadad organulia. vambobT ZiriTadad-Tqo, 

radganac organulia warmoeba garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca realuri 

obieqti aris I da II pirebi: 

me is 

Sen is 

mas is 

mas me 

mas Sen 

me Sen 

Sen me 

a-m-i-Se Se Seneb Seneb 

neb-ia neb 

a-g-i-Se Se Seneb 

neb-ia neb 

a-u-Se Se Seneb 

neb-ia neb 

a-v-u-Se Se Seneb 

neb-i-var neb 

a-u-Se Se Seneb 

neb-i-xar neb 

a-m-i-Se Se Seneb 

neb-i-xar neb 

a-g-i-Se Se Seneb Seneb 

neb-i-var neb 

Tumca meSvelzmniani warmoebis SemTxvevaSic mwkrivis saKrdeni 

fuZe saerToa. 

vnebiTi gvaris SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxvagvar viTarebas gviCvenebs 

erTpiriani da orpiriani zmnebi. moqmedebiTi gvaris zmneb- 

Tan mimarTebiT Zalze sainteresoa is faqti, rom formaTa warmoebis 

erTgvarovani principis gatareba xdeba vnebiTi gvaris 

zmnebSic. 

erTpirian vnebiTebTan es problema TiTqos ar mdgara: 

Zvelsa Tu axal saliteraturo qarTulSi III seriis samive mwkrivi 

erTgvari principiT iwarmoeboda, ra Tqma unda, im TaviseburebaTa 

gaTvaliswinebiT, rac amgvar warmoebaSi sxvaobas qmnida 

da axal qarTulSi _ mxedvelobaSi maqvs meSvelzmniani warmoeba 

(meSvelzmnian formaTa warmoqmnisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb ix. 

l. baramiZe, 2000): 

Z v e l i q a r T u l i 


meobi me bi biTi bi Ti II II Tur Turme Tur Turme 

meobi me bi biTi bi Ti III III kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi rebi 

biTi bi Ti 

damalul var 

damalul xar 

damalul viKav 

damalul iKav 

damalul viKo 

damalul iKo 

475

476 

damalul ars 

damalul varT 

damalul xarT 

damalul arian 

a x a l i q a r T u l i 


damalul iKo 

damalul viKveniT 

damalul iKveniT 

damalul iKvnes 

damalul iKos 

damalul viKvneT 

damalul iKvneT 

damalul iKvnen 


meobi me bi biTi bi Ti II II Tur Turme Tur Turme 

meobi me bi biTi bi Ti III III III kav kavSi kav kavSi 

Sire 

rebi 

biTi bi Ti 

da-v-malul-var 

da-malul-xar 

da-malul-a 

da-v-malul-varT 

da-malul-xarT 

da-malul-an 

da-v-malul-iKav 

da-malul-iKav 

da-malul-iKo 

da-v-malul-iKveniT/iKaviT 

da-malul-iKveniT/iKaviT 

da-malul-iKvnen 

da-v-malul-iKo 

da-malul-iKo 

da-malul-iKos 

da-v-malul-iKvneT 

/iKoT 

da-malul-iKvneT/ 

iKoT 

da-malul-iKvnen 

a. SaniZis azriT, axal qarTulSi `piris niSnis win wamowevisaTvis 

xeli unda SeewKo orpiriani zmnebis uGlebas imave seriis 

mwkrivebSi~ (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 454). vfiqrobT, esaa esaa aaGwe 

a we- 

ri riTi ri 

Ti warmo warmoebis warmo bis or orga or 

ga ganu 

nulad nu lad ga gaaz ga 

az azre 

rebis re bis gza gza, gza 

, rac rac, rac , Cve Cveni Cve 

ni az azriT az azriT 

riT, riT , 

im im ssaer 

s 

aer aerTo aer To ten tenden ten 

den denci 

ciis ci is gamo gamovle gamo gamovle 

vlenaa 

naa, 

, rac me mesa me 

sa same sa me se seri se 

ri riis ri is mwkriv mwkrivTa mwkriv Ta 

warmo warmoeba warmo ba baSi ba Si mo momxdar mo 

mxdar cvli cvlile cvli cvlile 

lebas 

basTan bas Tan aris aris da dakav da dakav 

kavSi 

Sire 

rebu 

buli bu li _ 

_ 

formobrivi principis bolomde gatareba: mimGeo mimGeoba mimGeo ba ga gaiaz ga 

az azre 

reba re ba 

zmnur zmnur zmnur fu fuZed fu fuZed 

Zed, Zed , sa saer sa saer 

erTo er To mo mona mo 

na nace 

cemad ce mad sa sami sa sami 

mive mi ve mwkri mwkrivis mwkri mwkrivis 

vis for forma for 

ma maTa 

TaTvis 

Tvis 

da da Cve Cveuleb Cve leb lebri 

rivi ri vi mo morfo mo morfo 

rfolo 

logi 

giuri gi ri mo mode mo 

de deli de li iq iqmne iq 

mne mneba 

ba: ba 

zmniswini + piris niSani + fuZe + meSveli zmna: 

da-v-malul-var; Sdr.: mi-v-di-var, da-v-frinav-var 

mimGeoba am S e m T x v e v a S i m o r f o l o g i u r a d t o l - 

f a s i a T e m i s a, e. i. organul warmoebaSi im nawilisa, romelic 

saerToa erTi seriis mwkrivTa formebisaTvis. 

es tendencia rom aSkaraa, amis dasturia is cvlilebebi, 

romlebic xdeba orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris formaTa warmoebaSi. 

cnobilia, rogorc Zvel, ise axal saliteraturo qarTulSi orpiriani 

gardauvali zmnebis I TurmeobiTi, erTi mxriv, da II 

TurmeobiTi da III kavSirebiTi, meore mxriv, gansxvavebuli principiT 

iuGvlis.


Zve Zveli Zve 


Tuli Tu li 

I T u r m .: da-v-h-viwK-eb-i-e 

da-h-viwK-eb-i-e 

da-h-viwK-eb-i-e-s 

II T u r m .: da-v-h-viwK-eb-od-e 

da-h-viwK-eb-od-e 

da-h-viwK-eb-od-a 

III k a v S .: da-v-h-viwK-eb-od-i 

da-h-viwK-eb-od-i 

da-h-viwK-eb-od-i-s 

formobrivi TvalsazrisiT, III seriaSi saerTo fuZis wesi 

Zvel qarTul saliteraturo enaSi Kvelaze kargad am SemTxveva- 

Si gatarda. aq am sam mwkrivs Soris iseTive mimarTebaa formawarmoebis 

TvalsazrisiT, rogorc _ od od-ian od 

zmnebis I seriis 

awmKos, uwKvetelsa da I kavSirebiTSi: 

Sdr.: gan-v-tf-eb-i 

gan-v-tf-eb-od-e 

gan-v-tf-eb-od-i 

I TurmeobiTis meSvelzmnian warmoebaze gadasvlam cvlileba 

gamoiwvia mTlianad III seriis paradigmaSi; am SemTxvevaSi orpiriani 

gardauvali zmnebi erTpirianis msgavsni aGmoCndebian 

formobriv: 

I Turm.: da-v-viwK-eb-i-var 

da-viwK-eb-i-xar 

da-viwK-eb-i-a 

II Turm.: da-v-viwK-eb-i-Kav 

da-viwK-eb-i-Kav 

da-viwK-eb-i-Ko 

III kavS.: da-v-viwK-eb-i-Ko 

da-viwK-eb-i-Ko 

da-viwK-eb-i-Kos 

477

478 


II TurmeobiTsa da III kavSirebiTSi meSvelzmniani formebi 

dialeqtizmebad gaiazreba (da asecaa), oGond aGsaniSnavia is 

faqti, rom esaa im tendenciis gamovlena, rac III seriis mwkrivTa 

warmoebis formobriv principze damKarebaa. 

27 27....6666. 27 27 . . . zo zoga zo zoga 

gadi gadi 

di di daskvna da da daskvna 

skvna skvna paragrafisaTvis 

paragrafisaTvis 



Kovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare sagulisxmo daskvnis 

gakeTeba SeiZleba: 

is azri, rom III seriis formaTa warmoeba arGvevs sauGlebeli 

fuZis princips (n. mari), gamarTlebulia da realobas asaxavs 

Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enisaTvis. a x a l q a r - 

T u l s a l i t e r a t u r o e n a S i `s a e r T o f u Z i s~ 

p r i n c i p i s g a t a r e b a m o x d a r o g o r c m o q m e d e - 

b i T i g v a r i s z m n e b S i, i s e v n e b i T e b S i. arsebobs 

nairgvari modelebi erTferovnebisa; esaa arsebiTi sxvaoba da 

Tvisebureba axali qarTuli saliteraturo enisa.

olositKva 

qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis erTtomeulze muSaobis 

bolo etapze (gasuli saukunis oTxmociani wlebis dasawKisSi) 

leqsikonis redaqtorma m. yabaSvilma drois gagrZeleba 

iTxova: zogi ram SesaJerebelia, zogi ram gadasamowmebeliao. 

mTavarma redaqtorma arnold Ciqobavam brZana: leqsikonze muSaoba 

arasdros mTavrdeba, unda SeZloT wertilis dasmao... ase 

Kofila, amgvar wignze muSaobac ar mTavrdeba Turme... magram mainc 

SevZeliT wertilis dasma... morCilad veliT mkiTxvelis 

msJavrs... 

SeiZleba wigni araTanabari moeCvenos kacs: zog sakiTxs meti 

KuradGeba mivaqcieT, zogs _ naklebi... magram gaviTvaliswinoT, 

rom es ar aris sistemuri kursi... aris sakiTxebi, romlebzec 

bevri vifiqreT... aris sakiTxebi, romlebzec ar gvifiqria... 

iseTi sakiTxebicaa, vifiqreT, magram amaod _ verafers mivageniT... 

zmna isev rCeba Cveni fiqris mTavar sagnad... GvTis madliT, 

amouwuravi madania qarTuli zmna... albaT araerTi mkvlevari 

Seecdeba mis labirinTebSi garkvevas... bednierad CavTvliT 

Tavs, es Cveni naSromi Tu daexmareba maT, am labirinTebSi gza 

rom gaignon... 

sakmaod Zneli iKo am wignis sastambod momzadeba. teqsti 

rusudan grigoliam mondomebiT aawKo; am rTuli naSromis koreqturis 

simZime rusudan landiam da cicino kvantalianma gaiziares 

(cxadia, pasuxismgebloba gaparuli SecdomebisaTvis mxolod 

avtors ekisreba)... arc redaqtorebis Sroma iKo advili... 

Kvela maTgans uGrmesi madloba.. 

qarTuli enisaTvis udidesi bedniereba iKo is, rom, XIX saukuneSi 

iakob gogebaSvili mouvlina mas GmerTma patronad... iakobi, 

ilia, akaki... qarTuli enisTvis udidesi bedniereba iKo

480 


isic, rom XX saukuneSi GmerTma mas akaki SaniZe mouvlina... akaki 

SaniZe, arnold Ciqobava, varlam Tofuria... 

diax, bednieria ena, romelsac aseTi mkvlevrebi arguna bedma... 

bednierebaa isic, gangeba Tanaziars rom gagxdis kacs am bednierebisa... 

did taZarSi did kandelTa gverdiT patara sanTelsac 

Tavisi wili sinaTle Seaqvs... cxadia, Tu is gulwrfelad 

iwvis... da esec bednierebaa im sanTlisaTvis...

l i t e r a t u r a 

v. . abaS abaSvi abaS abaSvi 

vili 

li, li , 2009 2009 2009 _ v. abaSvili, qarTuli enis ingilouri 

dialeqti, Tbilisi, 2009. 

n. . abe abesa abe abesa 

saZe 

Ze, Ze , 1960 _ n. abesaZe, gramatikis sakiTxebi XIX saukunis 

qarTul periodul gamocemebSi, Tbilisi, 1960. 

i. . abu abula abu abula 

laZe 

Ze, Ze 1940 1940 _ i. abulaZe, qarTuli gramatikuli literaturis 

adrindeli Zeglebi. I. zurab SanSovani: sax. muz. moambe, 

X, Tbilisi, 1940. 


laZe 

Ze, Ze , 1954 _ i. abulaZe, qarTuli zmnis iSviaTi 

formebi VIII-IX s-is Zeglebis mixedviT: Tbilisis saxelmwifo 

universitetis Sromebi, t. 53, Tbilisi, 1954. 

an anto an 

to toni 

ni, 

, 1885 1885 _ qarTuli Grammatika Sedgenili anton I-is 

mier, Tbilisi, 1885. 

an anto an 

to toni 

ni, ni , 1997 1997 _ anton pirveli, qarTuli Grammatika (meore 

redaqcia _ 1767), Tbilisi, 1997. 

a. . ara arabu ara arabu 

buli 

li, li , 1978 _ a. arabuli, mesame xolmeobiTi xevsurulSi: 

zogadi da iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, 

Tbilisi, 1978. 

a. . . ara arabu ara 

bu buli 

li, li , 1980 1980 _ a. arabuli, sporadulad gamovlenil 

III piris -n/ -d, , -en en en/ en -ed ed ed sufiqsTa funqciisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi: 

narkvevebi iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa morfologiidan, Tbilisi, 

1980. 

a. . ara arabu ara 

bu buli buli 

li, li , 1981 1981 1981 _ a. arabuli, maxvili xevsurul dialeqtSi: 

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1981. 


buli 

li, 

, 1984 1984(1) 1984 _ a. arabuli, zmnis formaTa semantikuri 

analizisaTvis: qarTuli zmnis formobrivi da semantikuri 

analizi, enaTmecnierebis institutis XLI samecniero sesiis masalebi, 



buli 

li, li , 1984 1984(2) 1984 _ a. arabuli, mesame seriis nakvTeul- 

Ta warmoeba da mniSvneloba Zvel qarTulSi, Tbilisi, 1984.

482 



buli 

li, li , 1992 1992 _ a. arabuli, qarTuli zmnis formaTa 

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buli 

li, li , 1999 1999 _ a. arabuli, zmnis sauGlebel erTeul- 

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1, 1999. 

g. . ax axvle ax axvle 

vledi 

diani di ni ni, ni , 1966 1966 _ g. axvlediani, zogadi fonetikis Sesavali, 


o. . ax axma ax 

ma mano 

nova 

va, va , 1969 1969 1969 _ О. С. Ахманова, Словарь лингвистических 

терминов, М., 1969. 

e. . ba babu ba babu 

bunaS 

naSvi 

vili 

li, li , 1970 _ e. babunaSvili, anton pirveli da 

qarTuli gramatikis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1970. 

l. . ba bara ba bara 

rami 

miZe 

Ze, Ze , 1964 _ l. baramiZe, zogierTi tipis meSvelzmnian 

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universitetis Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, 

9, Tbilisi, 1964. 

l. . ba bara ba bara 

rami 

miZe 

Ze, Ze , 2008 _ l. baramiZe, qarTuli enis istoriuli 

gramatikis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 2008. 

l. . . ba bara ba bara 

rami 

miZe 

Ze, Ze , 2009 2009 _ l. baramiZe, Zveli qarTuli enis gramatika, 


f. . . be bere be 

re rezi 

zini 

ni, 

, b. . . go golo go 

lo lovi 

vini vini 

ni, ni , 1979 _ Ф. М. Березин, Б. Н. Головин, 

Общее языкознание, М., 1979. 

m. . be beri be 

ri riZe 

Ze, Ze , 1980 _ m. beriZe, Temis niSnebi qarTuli enis mesxur 

dialeqtSi: narkvevebi iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa morfologiidan, 


a. . bon bonda bon bonda 

dare 

reko 

ko, ko , 1976 1976 1976 _ А. В. Бондареко, Теория морфологических 

категорий, Л., 1976. 

ga gaiozi ga 

zi zi, zi , 1970 1970 _ gaioz reqtori, qarTuli Grammatika, teqsti 

gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo e. 

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v. . . ga gaki ga 

ki ki, ki , 1986 1986 _ В. Г. Гак, Теоретическая грамматика французско- 

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k. . ga gamsa ga 

msa msaxur 

xurdia xurdia 

dia, dia , 1967 1967 _ k. gamsaxurdia, rCeuli Txzulebani, 

rva tomad, t. VIII, Tbilisi, 1967. 

T. . . gamKre gamKreli gamKre gamKreli 

liZe 

Ze, Ze, 

, g. . . ma maya ma maya 

yava 

vari 

riani ri ni ni, ni , 1965 _ T. gamKreliZe, g. mayavariani, 

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1965.

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T. . gamKre gamKreli gamKre 

li liZe 

Ze, Ze , 2003 2003 _ T. gamKreliZe, z. kiknaZe, i. Saduri, 

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l. . ge gegu ge gegu 

guCa 

CaZe 

Ze, Ze , 1972 1972 1972 _ l. geguCaZe, droTa Tanamimdevrobis 

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l. ge gegu ge gegu 

guCa 

CaZe 

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l. . ge gegu ge 

gu guCa 

CaZe 

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gu guCa 

CaZe CaZe 

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n. . abe abesa abe abesa 

saZe sa Ze _ 84, 481 


laZe la Ze _ 41, 42, 173, 181, 182, 192, 481, 493 

an anto an 

to toni to ni _ 10, 41-68, 70, 74, 78, 86, 87, 108, 257, 408, 425, 426, 

470, 481 

a. . . ara arabu ara arabu 

buli bu li _ 130, 131, 165, 180, 192, 198, 203, 228, 275, 278, 

283, 287, 290, 445, 481, 482 

k. . aqsakovi aqsakovi _ 100 

g. . ax axvle ax 

vle vledi 

diani di ni _ 121, 321, 374, 482 

o. . ax axma ax 

ma mano mano 

nova no va _ 236, 378, 482 

e. . . ba babu ba babu 

bunaS 

naSvi naSvi 

vili vi li _ 41, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 54, 61, 65, 482 

a. . baramiZe baramiZe _ 493 

l. . . baramiZe baramiZe _ 277, 282, 290, 326, 338, 339, 475, 482 

v. . . barnovi barnovi barnovi _ 262 

f. . be bere be 

re rezi 

zini 

ni _ 97, 482 

m. . . be beri be 

ri riZe ri Ze _ 239, 326, 482 

a. . boldirevi boldirevi _ 100 

a. . bon bonda bon bonda 

dare 

reko re ko _ 98, 482 

n. . brieri brieri _ 488 

ga gaiozi ga 

zi _ 68, 70, 71, 74-77, 408, 482 

v. . ga gaki ga 

ki _ 98, 482 

k. . gamsaxurdia gamsaxurdia _ 260, 261, 482 

T. . gamK gamKre gamK gamKre 

reli 

liZe li Ze _ 98, 104, 320, 329, 482, 483 


gu guCa guCa 

CaZe CaZe 

Ze _ 106, 107, 112, 483 

d. . gewaZe gewaZe _ 440, 483 

b. . gi gigi gi 

gi gine gine 

neiS 

iSvi iSvi 

vili vi li _ 272, 373, 389, 405, 409, 483 

i. . gigineiSvili 

gigineiSvili gigineiSvili _ 217, 385, 486 


go golaS 

laSvi laSvi 

vili vi li _ 8, 9, 16, 26, 27, 32, 34, 119, 159, 232, 268- 

270, 295, 331, 340, 341, 345-347, 397, 471, 483, 484, 

497

500 


b. . golovini golovini _ 97, 482 

q. . . daTukiSvili daTukiSvili _ 10, 484 

k. . danelia danelia _ 31, 309, 485 

g. . de deeter de ter tersi ter si _ 307, 309, 370, 371, 374, 404, 485 

k. . do dodaS do dodaS 

daSvi 

vili vi li _ 77, 81-84, 90, 485 

s. . do dodaS do dodaS 

daSvi daSvi 

vili vi li _ 78, 485 

r. . enuqaSvili enuqaSvili _ 249, 485 


Te TeliS 

liSvi 

vili vi li _ 19, 20, 24, 37, 104, 107, 320, 347, 362, 363, 

485 

u. . vainraixi vainraixi _ 21, 485 

van van ginekeni ginekeni _ 250, 485 

va vaja-fSavela 

va fSavela _ 260, 485 

vaxuSti vaxuSti batoniSvili batoniSvili _ 42 

i. . ve veSa ve veSa 

Sapi 

piZe pi Ze _ 48, 485 

v. . vi vinog vi vinog 

nogra 

rado 

dovi dovi 

vi _ 100, 115, 486 

a. . vostokovi vostokovi _ 100 

r. . . TvaraZe TvaraZe _ 18, 20, 486 


furia fu ria _ 32, 95, 101, 117, 180, 200, 217, 247, 261, 262, 

268, 283, 290, 307-309, 357, 363, 364, 370, 375, 385, 

403, 412, 486 

g. . . im imna im imna 

naiS naiS 

iSvi 

vili vi li _ 161, 196, 197, 200, 326, 340, 372, 403, 450, 451, 

486, 488 


naiS 

iSvi iSvi 

vili vi li _ 27, 173, 180, 181, 184, 253, 254, 259, 273, 304, 

326, 338, 386, 415, 416, 487, 495 

v. . im imna im imna 

naiS 

iSvi 

vili vi li _ 252, 254, 304, 326, 338, 406, 416, 487 

p. . io iose io iose 

seli 

liani li ni _ 7, 69, 70, 78, 425, 426, 487 

d. . kari kariyaSvili 

kari aSvili _ 11, 12, 487 

m. . katkovi katkovi _ 100 

k. . . kekeliZe kekeliZe _ 36, 171, 176, 487, 492 

c. . . kvantaliani 

kvantaliani kvantaliani _ 26, 27, 159, 232, 331, 345, 346, 487 

g g kvaracxelia kvaracxelia _ 107 

l. . . kva kvayaZe kva 

aZe _ 27, 104, 115, 118, 119, 142, 184, 394, 395, 487, 495 

p. . kvi kvica kvi 

ca cari 

riZe ri Ze _ 70, 78, 79, 426, 487 

a. . . ki kizi ki 

zi ziria zi ria _ 26, 103, 142, 406,487, 488 


naZe na Ze _ 483 


naZe 

Ze _ 17, 32, 172-174, 179, 180, 189-192, 304, 307, 357, 

438, 488


d. . kldiaSvili kldiaSvili _ 387 

m. . . kobaiZe kobaiZe _ 165 

g. . klimovi klimovi _ 363, 488 


tino 

novi no vi _ 104, 117, 118, 404, 415, 488 

m. . kraveiSvili kraveiSvili _ 289, 488 

k. . kublaSvili kublaSvili _ 196, 200, 488 

m. . lomonosovi lomonosovi _ 100 

n. . ma mari ma 

ri _ 16, 32, 68, 70, 84, 87, 90, 99, 168, 169, 174, 186, 206, 

282, 404, 426, 427, 428, 488, 495, 495 

a. . . mar marti mar marti 

tiro 

roso 

sovi so vi _ 161, 200, 326, 450, 451, 488 

j. . ma maru ma 

ru ruzo ru zo _ 236, 378, 488 

m. . ma mayavariani 

ma 

avariani _ 102, 332 

g. . ma mayava ma va vari 

riani ri ni _ 9, 99, 101, 102, 104, 121, 250, 320, 329, 332, 

363, 365, 482, 488, 489 

m. . me megre me 

gre greliS greliS 

liSvi 

vili vi li _ 102, 489 

d. . meliqiSvili 

meliqiSvili meliqiSvili _ 320, 489 

g. . . merCule merCule _ 432, 433, 482 

m. . . miqutaZe miqutaZe _ 264, 489 

mxiTar mxiTar sebastieli sebastieli _ 43, 63 

n. . na naTa na 

Ta TaZe Ta Ze _ 283, 415, 489 

g. . . naxucriSvili naxucriSvili _ 289, 488 

g. . ne nebi ne 

bi bieri bi ri riZe riZe 

Ze _ 99, 121, 488 

n. . . nekrasovi nekrasovi _ 100 

e. . ni niko ni 

ko kola 

laiS 

iSvi 

vili 

li _ 482 

l. . nozaZe nozaZe nozaZe _ 346, 351, 354, 489 

a. . . oni oniani oni ni _ 8, 9, 277, 278, 284, 285, 287, 387, 390, 489 

e. . osi osiZe osi Ze _ 371, 489 


pi piZe pi Ze _ 108, 115, 118, 119, 196, 490 

v. . polaki polaki _ 250, 490 

a. . . potebnia potebnia potebnia _ 115 

T. . jor or orda 

dania da nia _ 69, 70, 77, 80-82, 90, 169, 425, 426, 490 

p. . ro rober ro rober 

bertsi ber tsi _ _ 100, 490 


ga gava gava 

va _ 180, 200, 201, 249, 250, 268, 269, 370, 404, 421, 490 

v. . . ru ruden ru 

den denko 

ko _ 373, 490 

T. . saraliZe saraliZe _ 326, 490 

z. . sa sarJvela sa 

la laZe la Ze _ 9, 16, 32, 173, 180-184, 190, 192, 272-274, 280, 

306, 309, 313, 326, 373, 389, 405, 409, 429, 432, 436, 

501

502 


438-441, 470, 483, 491 

v. . . somxiSvili somxiSvili _ 450, 491 

T. . uTur uTurga uTur uTurga 

gaiZe ga Ze _ 161, 200, 253, 260, 346, 445, 491 

m. . fa faGava fa 

ava _ 198, 491 

j. . feiqriSvili feiqriSvili _ 26, 351, 354, 491 

h. . fog fogti fog ti _ _ 363, 373, 491 

b. . foCxua foCxua _ 268, 271, 491 

a. . fo focxiS fo 

cxiS cxiSvi 

vili vi li _ 41, 48, 64, 75, 491 

S. . futkaraZe 

futkaraZe futkaraZe _ 197, 491 


Tara 

raZe ra Ze _ 24, 125, 161, 163, 164, 198, 370, 372, 391, 393, 

394, 397, 439, 444, 445, 452, 453, 455, 492 

i. . qar qarTve qar qarTve 

TveliS 

liSvi 

vili vi li _ 76, 78, 492 

T. . qitoSvili qitoSvili _ 27, 492 

a. . qu quTa qu 

Ta TaTe 

Tela 

laZe laZe 

Ze _ 7, 79, 80, 216, 493 

r. . qurdaZe qurdaZe _ 320, 329, 493 

m. . qurdiani qurdiani _ 250, 493 

i. . . GutiZe utiZe _ 306, 493 

d. . . Kifi ifi ifiani ifi ni _ 69, 71-74, 78, 84, 128, 129, 131, 140, 150, 153, 493 

i. . Saduri Saduri _ 483 

r. . SamelaSvili 

SamelaSvili-zeqalaSvili 

SamelaSvili zeqalaSvili _ 159, 493 


ni niZe ni Ze _ 10-16, 18-20, 26-29, 31-34, 36, 38, 44, 71, 87-91, 95- 

97, 99, 103-105, 113, 115, 117-119, 122-129, 131, 133- 

135, 137-143, 149-152, 164, 165, 169, 172-174, 176- 

181, 183-185, 190, 191, 196, 209, 210, 214, 217-221, 

29, 238, 245-248, 252, 254-257, 259, 266, 268, 277, 

282, 285, 292-295, 301-304, 307, 311-313, 319, 320, 

323, 324, 326, 328, 334, 335, 339, 343, 346, 351, 354, 

361, 363, 364, 367, 373, 379, 387, 390-392, 394, 397, 

405, 406, 415, 423, 427-429, 436, 438, 440-443, 469, 

476, 493, 494 

z. . San SanSo San SanSo 

Sova 

vani va ni _ 10, 41, 42, 45, 494 

s. . Saf Safranovi 

Saf ranovi _ 100 

a. . Saxmatovi Saxmatovi Saxmatovi _ 115 

n. . Sengelia Sengelia Sengelia _ 483 

d. . Sengelia Sengelia _ 26, 27, 159, 232, 331, 345, 346 

k. . Smidti Smidti _ 250, 495 


qoba 

bava ba va _ 7, 10-12, 14-16, 19, 20, 22, 26, 32, 41-43, 64, 65,


70, 84, 89-95, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 113, 117, 125, 

126, 132, 148, 149, 156, 157, 161, 169-171, 174, 176, 

177, 180, 200, 206, 208, 217, 219-221, 248-252, 269, 

285, 291, 305-307, 313, 314, 320, 343, 360, 362-366, 

370, 373, 386, 403-405, 408, 411, 412, 415, 419, 424, 

426, 427, 438, 442, 451, 452, 456, 495, 496 

d. . Cu Cubi Cu Cubi 

binaS bi aS aSvi 

vili vi li _ 81-83, 90, 496 

o. . CxeiZe CxeiZe _ 262 

k. . Cxenkeli Cxenkeli _ 159 

g. . co coca co coca 

cani 

niZe ni Ze _ 161-165, 198, 200, 46, 496 

S. . Zi ZiZi Zi Zi Zigu 

guri gu ri _ 20, 26, 196, 239, 269, 397, 496 

q. . Zo Zowe Zo Zowe 

weni 

niZe ni Ze _ 200, 239, 496 

a. . wereTeli wereTeli _ 260 

i. . yav av avyavaZe av avaZe _ 260, 264, 327 , 497 

a. . . yin in inyara in ra rauli ra li _ 36, 161, 164, 176, 196, 198, 372, 445, 497 

z. . yum um umbu 

buri 

riZe ri Ze _ 19, 20, 22, 23, 111, 112, 121, 137, 141-143, 151, 

152, 260, 470, 471, 473, 497 


daZe da Ze _ 85, 86, 260, 497 

i. . Java va vaxiS 

xiSvi 

vili vi li _ 42, 43, 246, 248, 427, 497 

m. . JavaxiSvili 

avaxiSvili _ 260, 262 

m. . JanaS naS naSvi 

vili 

li _ 85, 86, 497 

b. . . Jor or orbe 

bena 

naZe 

Ze _ 19-21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 103, 132, 134, 164, 200, 

207, 247, 250, 264, 291, 306, 309, 343, 348, 352, 366, 

374, 378, 381, 392, 428, 437, 438, 443, 448-452, 497, 

498 

503

Semoklebani 

i. . abaS abaS. abaS _ irakli abaSiZe 

akaki akaki akaki _ akaki wereTeli 

ana ana _ ana kalandaZe 

and and. and _ andaza 

S. . aragv aragv. aragv _ Sio aragvispireli 

ayar ar ar. ar _ ayaruli dialeqti 

n. . baraT baraT. baraT _ nikoloz baraTaSvili 

v. . barn barn. barn _ vasil barnovi 

a. . beliaS beliaS. beliaS _ akaki beliaSvili 

m. . berZ berZ. berZ _ merab berZeniSvili 

T. . bibil bibil. bibil _ T. bibiluri 

bilin bilin. bilin _ bilinebi (Targmani o. gogiCaiSvilisa). 

ek ek. ek 

. gab gab. gab 

_ ekaterine gabaSvili 

k. . gams gams. gams _ konstantine gamsaxurdia 

galaktioni galaktioni _ galaktion tabiZe 

r. . . gvet gvet. gvet _ rajden gvetaZe 

gur gur. gur _ guruli dialeqti 

g. . g. _ giorgi gogolaSvili 

v. . gogol gogol. gogol _ vaxtang gogolaSvili 

l. . goTua goTua _ levan goTua 

d. . guram guram. guram _ daviT guramiSvili 

dab dab. dab . _ wignni Zuelisa aGTqumisani, gamosca a. SaniZem, t. I, nakv. 

I. dabadebisa , 1947. 

i. . evd evd. evd _ irodion evdoSvili 

r. . erisT erisT. erisT _ rafiel erisTavi 

equs equs. equs equs. 

. dG. _ basili didi, equsTa dGeTa (gamosca m. kaxaZem, 

1947). 

va vaja va _ vaja-fSavela 

TuS TuS. TuS _ TuSuri dialeqti 

i. _ ioanes saxareba (miTiTebulia redaqcia, Tavi da muxli).

Semoklebani 

iakobi iakobi iakobi _ iakob gogebaSvili 

ilia ilia _ ilia yavyavaZe 

imer imer. imer _ imeruli dialeqti 

imerx imerx. imerx _ imerxeuli dialeqti 

ing ing. ing _ ingilouri dialeqti 

r. . inan inan. inan _ revaz inaniSvili 

ion ion. ion _ frem asuri, wmidisa efremisi ionaisTvis (i. imnaiSvili, 

qarTuli enis istoriuli qrestomaTia, II, 1963). 

o. . iosel iosel. iosel _ otia ioseliani 

iran iran. iran . poezia poezia _ irnuli poezia (Tb. 1977). 

ist ist. ist . sabuT sabuT. sabuT _ istoriuli sabuTebi 

p. . . kakab kakab. kakab . _ polikarpe kakabaZe 

kanon kanon. kanon . karTag karTag. karTag _ kanonni karTagenisa 

kax kax. kax 

_ kaxuri dialeqti 

m. . kekelia kekelia _ m. kekelia, saqmis qaGaldebi, 1977. 

d. . . kvic kvic. kvic _ daviT kvicariZe 

klar klarJ. klar _ klarJuli dialeqti 

d. . kld kld. kld _ daviT kldiaSvili 

`komunisti 

komunisti 

komunisti~ komunisti _ gazeTi `komunisti~ 

l. _ lukas saxareba (miTiTebulia redaqcia, Tavi da muxli). 

m. . leban leban. leban _ murman lebaniZe 

g. . leon leon. leon _ giorgi leoniZe 

leCx leCx. leCx _ leCxumuri dialeqti 

`lit lit lit. lit . saq saq.~ saq 

_ gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTvelo~ 

y. . lomT lomT. lomT _ yola lomTaTiZe 

m. _ maTes saxareba (miTiTebulia redaqcia, Tavi da muxli). 

o. . mamf mamf. mamf _ oTar mamforia 

mam mam. mam . cx cx. cx 

_ mamaTa cxorebani (gamosca v. imnaiSvilma, 1975). 

m. . ma mayav ma 

av av. av _ muxran mayavariani 

merC merC. merC merC _ giorgi merCule, grigol xanZTelis cxovreba: Zveli 

qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, gamosca s. KubaneiSvilma, 

Tb. 1947. 

mesx mesx. mesx _ mesxuri dialeqti 

mox mox. mox _ moxeuri dialeqti 

mTiul mTiul. mTiul _ mTiuluri dialeqti 

mrk mrk. mrk _ markozis saxareba (miTiTebulia redaqcia, Tavi da 

muxli). 

505

506 


e. . nin nin. nin 

_ egnate ninoSvili 

m. . noz noz. noz _ m. nozaZe, saSualo skolis saswavlo-sacdeli nakveTi, 

1941. 

g. . orb orb. orb _ grigol orbeliani 

paterik paterik. paterik _ Sua saukuneTa novelebis Zv. qarTuli Targmanebi, I, 

gamosca m. dvalma, xelnaweri, A-35. 

g. . petr petr. petr _ guram petriaSvili 

ra ray. ra _ rayuli dialeqti 

r. . e. _ rafiel erisTavi 

r. . erisT erisT. erisT _ rafiel erisTavi 

rusTaveli rusTaveli _ SoTa rusTaveli 

`sab sab saby. sab . xelov xelov.~ xelov _ jurnali `sabyoTa xelovneba~ 

`saun saun saunJe~ saun _ almanaxi `saunJe~ 

a. sulak sulak. sulak _ arCil sulakauri 

v. . . ur urJ. ur 

_ vano urJumelaSvili 

fereidn fereidn. fereidn _ fereidnuli dialeqti 

m. . focx focx. focx _ moris focxiSvili 

fS fS. fS 

_ fSauri dialeqti 

qarTl qarTl. qarTl _ qarTluri dialeqti 

qegl qegl _ qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni 

a. Kazb azb azb. azb _ aleqsandre Kazbegi 

s. . . SanS SanS. SanS _ sandro SanSiaSvili 

g. . Sarv Sarv. Sarv _ giorgi SarvaSiZe 

n. . Siuk Siuk. Siuk _ niko SiukaSvili 

n. . Caxn Caxn. Caxn _ n. CaxnaSvili, m. gadaxabaZe, praqtikul-laboratoriuli 

mecadineoba mevenaxeobaSi, 1973. 

s. . Ciq Ciq. Ciq _ simon Ciqovani 

a. . Cx Cx. Cx 

. _ aleqsandre CxaiZe 

o. . Cx Cx. Cx 

_ oTar CxeiZe 

T. . Cxenk Cxenk. Cxenk _ Tamaz Cxenkeli 

a. . cag cag. cag _ aqvsenti cagareli 

`cisk cisk cisk.~ cisk _ jurnali `ciskari~ 

II II mefeTa mefeTa _ mefeT-wignebi, gamosacemad moamzada u. cindelianma. 

a. yyav 

y yav 

avy. av _ aleqsandre yavyavaZe 

T. . yil il il. il _ Tamaz yilaZe 

o. . yil il il. il _ oTar yilaZe 

xalx xalx. xalx xalx _ xalxuri poeziidan

Semoklebani 

xevs xevs. xevs xevs _ xevsuruli dialeqti 

x. . s. _ xalxuri sibrZne, xuT tomad, 1963-1965. 

g. . xorg xorg. xorg . _ giorgi xorguaSvili 

g. . xux xux. xux _ giorgi xuxaSvili 

g. . Jab ab ab. ab _ gabriel JabuSanuri 

m. . Javax avax avax. avax _ mixeil JavaxiSvili 

507

GIORGI GOGOLASHVILI 

GEORGIAN VERB 

(FORM-BUILDING ISSUES) 

S u m m a r y 

1. The morphological analysis of the Georgian verb has had an age-long 

history. Anton Bagrationi’s ‘Georgian Grammar’ (the first edition in 1753, the 

second edition – in 1767) can be regarded as a cornerstone work that 

summarized the previous stage and laid the foundation for the grammatical 

thinking of the next period. Till the beginning of the 20 th century, till N. Marr, 

the authors of all practical grammars (Gayoz, P.Ioseliani, S.Dodashvili, 

D.Kipiani, A.Kutateladze, P.Kvitsaridze. T.Zhordania, I.Kartvelishvili, 

D.Chubinashvili, M.Janashvili, S.Khundadze) though having a number of 

important findings, mainly based their works on that of Anton’s, Obviously 

the analysis of the Georgian verb system presented in the above-mentioned 

practical grammars is of particular relevance for the 20 th century Georgian 

linguistic thought. 

2. One of the controversial issues in the form analysis of the Georgian 

verb is linked with the notion of mtskrivi (which is a conjugation element), viz. 

its definition and qualification; the number of mtskrirvis in Old and New 

Georgian as well as in the dialects. 

Mtskrivi is a grammatical category; it is as essential for the verb system 

as declension is for the nominal system. Mtskrivi is a form of verb realization, 

verb functioning. Hence there should be singled out as many mtskrivis as there 

are independent verb forms with distinct functions. 

Mtskrivi is a morphological phenomenon, i.e. it has a morphological 

structure. the structure of a mtskrivi form is based on the stem, thematic, 

extension and mtskrivi markers. 

The mtskrivi stem is the part of the verb form without a preverb, 

person and number markers. 

In the form da da-v-xat da 

xat xat-av xat av av-d-e-T av the mtskrivi stem is xatavde xatavde. xatavde 

The base forming mtskrivi stem is the part of the verb form a particular 

mtskrivi form is based on, i.e.it is the mtskrivi stem without a mtskrivi marker: 

in the form da da-v-xat da 

xat xat-av xat av av-d-e av the base forming stem is xat xat-av xat 

av av-d-. av The element 

differentiating the mtskrivi stem from the base forming mtskrivi stem is called a 

mtskrivi marker: in the form da da-xat da xat xat-av xat av av-d-e av the mtskrivi marker is e. 

Some mrskrivis may have the same base forming stem but different 

mtskrivi markers.

510 

G. Gogolashvili, Georgian Verb 

va-keT keT keT-o. keT 

va-keT keT keT-e. keT 

Likewise some mtskrivis may have different base forming stems and 

identical mtskrivi markers though with different functions: 

av-tirdeb-i, 

av-tird-i 

Thus the mtskrivi form is conditioned by the mtskrivi structure. 

3. Tense, mood, frequentative, act ( expression of factual or unwitnessed 

action), sequence are not morphological categories as they are not expressed 

morphologically. Tense, mood etc. meanings are explicated in a context.. Hence 

one and the same form may reveal a different tense (mood etc.) meaning in 

different contexts. Tense, mood, frequentative, act, sequence are semantic 

categories. 

A mtskrivi is polyfunctional. The content of the mtskrivi form is 

determined by the unity of the above-enumerated semantic categories. 

Functions of a particular form may vary from context to context e.g.:in the 

declarative context the form. gaakeTe gaakeTe gaakeTe is in the Indicative mood, Past tense , 

whereas in the imperative context it conveys the Future meaning and is in 

the Imperative mood. 

4. Considering formal and functional peculiarities of the verb, 8 

mtskrivis can be singled out in Modern Georgian: 

Series I 

The Present Tense (The Future) _ (da)wers 

Continuous (The Permansive) _ (da)werda 

Subjunctive I _ (da)werdes 

Series II 

The Aorist _ (da)wera 

Subjunctive II _ (da)weros 

Series III 

Resultative I _ (da)uweria 

Resultative II _ (da)ewera 

Subjunctive III _ (da)eweros 

According to the same principle 12 mtskrivis should be singled out in 

Old Georgian: 

Series I 

The Present Tense _ (da-s)wers 

Continuous _ (da-s)werda 

Permansive I _ (da-s)werdis 

Subjunctive I _ (da-s)werdes 

Series II 

The Past Tense _ (da)wera 

Permansive II _ (da)weris

Summary 

Subjunctive II _ (da)weros 

Mixed Permansive (Subjunctive) _ (da)werodis 

Series III 

Resultative I _ (da)uweria 

Resultative II _ (da)ewera 

Permansive III _ (da)eweris 

Subjunctive III _ (da)eweros 

5. The simplification of Old Georgian verb system was caused by the 

disappearance of the morphological category of frequentative. which was 

consequently followed by the disappearance of Permansive I, Permansive II, 

Mixed Permansive (or Mixed Subjunctive) and Permansive III. 

6. In the dialects of Georgian three variants of tense-mood system are 

evidenced: a) in the Kartlian, Kakhetian, Ingiloan, Fereidanian, Acharan, Tao- 

Klarjian) the system is similar to that of Standard Georgian;. b) in the second 

group of the dialects the archaic system is preserved; Permansive I and II (in 

Pshav, Tush, Mtiulian, Khevsurian) and even Permansive III (in Khevsurian) 

are encountered. though some innovations are also traceable; c) in the third 

group of the dialects the tense-mood system has become more complicated 

because of the mtskrivis of Series IV – Resultative III (naKvareba), Resultative 

IV (naKvarebiKo) and Subjunctive IV (naKvarebiKos) 

7. The mtskrivis are arranged and grouped according to the stem 

relation principle; the relations between mtskrivi stems can be based on a linear 

or substitution principle. In the case of the linear principle the mtskrivi stem is 

repeated in another mtskrivi (wer wer-d),whereas in the case of substitution two 

or more mtskrivis have the same base forming stem. 

v-wer wer wer-e wer 

wer v-wer wer wer-i wer 

v-wer wer wer-o wer 

8. The arrangement of mtskrivis into series was based on the stem 

principle. N. Marr’s system ( a three-series system) is an optimal variant though 

as N.Marr himself stresses, it has a drawback : in Series III the common stem 

principle is violated. 

9. In a narrow sense conjugation is the alteration of verb forms according 

to person and number within the framework of a particular mtsksrivi; in a 

broad sense conjugation is the alteration of verb forms according to mtskrivis 

Different verbs reveal specific peculiarities of mtskrivi form formation; three 

types can be singled out here: 1) verbs that can form only one mtskrivi form 

(dga-s, zi-s 2) verbs that can only build mtskrivi forms of one series (tiris _ 

tiroda _ tirodes, mefobs _ mefobda _ mefobdes) 3) verbs forming all 

mtskrivi forms; the third group can be further subdivided: a) verbs having 

parallel preverbed and preverbless forms in all mtskrivis (akeTebs // gaakeTebs, 

akeTa // gaakeTa, ukeTebia // gaukeTebia) b) verbs taking no preverbs in any 

of the mtskrivi forms. (icxovrebs _ icxrovra – ucxovria). g) verbs having 

511

512 

G. Gogolashvili, Georgian Verb 

parallel forms in Series I, and having only preverbed forms in Series II and III 

(Tbeba // gaTbeba _ gaTba _ gamTbari). 

10. The system of person and number markers is the most .difficult 

issue of the Georgian verb. The second person subjective and the third person 

objective have undergone drastic changes. At an early stage of the development 

of Standard Georgian (5-9cc) x was replaced by h; later h,s, and 0 co-existed). 

In Modern Georgian some functional changes are evidenced: h- and s prefixes 

have acquired additional stylistic loading; sometimes they have only a stylistic 

function. In Old Georgian the system of the markers of the third person. is 

complex (in the singular –a, -o, -s, -n, -d; in the plural : -es, -en,, -an, -n, -ed); 

The tendency towards the simplification of the system started in Old Georgian; 

In Modern Georgian (in one of its dialects Imeretian) the process ended:: in the 

singular consonant suffix -s and, in the plural the suffixes with n became 

dominant. Different historical stages of the alteration in question is testified in 

the dialects of Modern Georgian. This is not the only case when different stages 

of change are evidenced synchronically in the dialects (e.g. the changes in the 

form -building means of static verbs, or the substitution of the morphological 

way of the formation of frequentative by the analytical one etc.) 

11.The changes in the system of thematic markers (the markers forming 

the present stem) are also of complex type; complex thematic markers (-veb, 

-meb) come into use, as well as ordinary suffixes turn into thematic markers 

-ev). The category of voice forms the basis of the distribution of thematic 

markers, which is unusual for Old Georgian. 

12. The changes in the formation of Series II and III are of particular 

interest. In Series II new forms are not developed. though some verbs change 

the type of formation; for instance, the past tense forms with no markers start 

taking suffixes, the forms of Subjunctive II with the suffix -e change the 

suffix into -a. the basis for the distribution of synonymous affixes in the 

formation of the same mtskrivis is changed; e.g. in Old Georgian the structure 

of the base morpheme formed the basis for the distribution of the thematic 

markers for the subjunctive (a, -e), in Modern Georgian the category of voice 

forms the basis. etc. In general, the factor of the voice in the form-building is 

typical of Modern Georgian. There are a number of exceptions, in Series II ,in 

particular, but the consideration of systemic changes makes it possible to 

explain them.( e.g. the reason for parallel forms, or the basis for the distribution 

of synonymous affixes have already been explained). 

The changes in the forms of Series III are an interesting example of 

systemic changes; it is difficult to state the reasons for them. However, it can be 

said that what was regarded as a violation for the grammatical system of Old 

Georgian (the principle of the conjugated stem), has ‘improved’ as a result of 

the change in question. 

13. The consideration of systemic changes helps to work out normative 

recommendations. The study of verb formation reveals numerous unsolved 

issues.

Sinaarsi 

qarTuli qarTuli zmnis zmnis sarkvevi sarkvevi (redaqtorebisagan) ................................. 5 

Sesavali 

Sesavali 

*** ........................................................................................................7 

*** (zogi ram naSromis istoriidan) ....................................... 8 

*** (terminTa paralelizmis Taobaze).................................... 10 

*** (azrTa sxvadasxvaoba _ stimuli kvleva-Ziebisa) ......... 15 

qarTuli enis ganviTarebis etapebis (periodebis) 

Sesaxeb ............................................................................................. 17 

fuZis raobisaTvis ....................................................................... 25 

enobrivi faqti da misi kvalifikacia .................................... 31 

nawili I. dro dro-kiloT 

dro kiloT kiloTa kiloT a sistema sistema qarTulSi qarTulSi ................................... 39 

Tavi I. dro dro-kiloTa dro kiloTa sistemis sistemis Seswavlis Seswavlis istoriidan 

istoriidan 

$ $ $ $ 1111. . . . anton anton anton anton pirvelis pirvelis pirvelis pirvelis ````qarTuli qarTuli qarTuli qarTuli GGGGrammatika rammatika~ 

rammatika rammatika~ 

~ ~ 

1.1. *** ............................................................................................ 41 

1.2. uGleba .................................................................................... 44 

1.3. ra masalas emKareba avtori gramatikuli 

analizis dros? .................................................................... 46 

1.4 pirveli seriis formebi ..................................................... 47 

1.5. meore seriis formebi ........................................................ 56 

1.6. mesame seriis formebi ........................................................ 60 

1.7. uGlebis tipebi .................................................................... 63 

1.8. paradigma sauGlebeli erTeulisa ................................. 65 

$ $ $ $ 2222. . . . antonidan antonidan antonidan antonidan maramde maramde maramde maramde 

2.1. *** ............................................................................................ 68 

2.2. sauGlebel erTeulTa raodenoba .................................. 68 

2.3. zmniswini da zmnuri forma .............................................. 70

514 


2.4. uGlebis tipebi .................................................................... 74 

2.5. zmnur formaTa warmoebis sakiTxebi .............................. 77 

2.6. sauGlebel erTeulTa urTierTmimarTebis 

sakiTxi da Tanmimdevroba .................................................. 81 

2.7. zogadi suraTi aseTia ........................................................ 86 

Tavi II. dro dro-kiloTa dro kiloTa kiloTa sistema sistema. sistema . uGlebis lebis tipebi 

$ $ $ $ 3333. . . . dro----kiloTa dro dro dro kiloTa kiloTa kiloTa sistemis sistemis sistemis sistemis analizis analizis analizis analizis mdgomareoba 

mdgomareoba 

mdgomareoba 

mdgomareoba 

da da da da amocanebi amocanebi amocanebi amocanebi ................................................................................... 87 

$ $ $ $ 4444. . . . mwkrivis mwkrivis mwkrivis mwkrivis raoba raoba raoba raoba 

4.1. ra aris mwkrivi? ................................................................ 95 

4.2. ra aris morfologiuri kategoria? ............................ 97 

4.3. dro, rogorc zmnis kategoria ...................................... 98 

4.4. kilo, rogorc zmnis kategoria .................................. 113 

4.5. gzisoba, rogorc zmnis kategoria .............................. 122 

4.6. aqti, rogorc zmnis kategoria .................................... 124 

4.7. Tanamdevroba, rogorc zmnis kategoria ................... 126 

4.8. aspeqti da mwkrivi ........................................................... 127 

4.9. mainc, ra aris mwkrivi? .................................................. 132 

$ $ $ $ 5555. . . . mwkrivTa mwkrivTa mwkrivTa mwkrivTa raodenoba raodenoba raodenoba raodenoba axal axal axal axal qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

5.1. ra xdeba dGes....................................................................... 136 

5.2. mKofadis wris gamoKofis istoria da 

marTebuloba ...................................................................... 142 

5.3. Sedis Tu ara zmniswini fuZeSi .................................... 148 

5.4. dro-kiloTa sistema da `qarTuli enis 

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni~ .................................................. 154 

5.5. dro-kiloTa sistema da qarTuli enis 

dialeqtTa pirveli xolmeobiTi ................................... 160 

5.6. zogadi SeniSvna .................................................................. 167 

5.7. uGlebis nimuSi axali qarTulisaTvis ....................... 167 

$ $ $ $ 6666. . . . mwkrivTa mwkrivTa mwkrivTa mwkrivTa raodenoba raodenoba raodenoba raodenoba Zvel Zvel Zvel Zvel qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

6.1. niko maris Tvalsazrisidan dGemde ............................. 169 

6.2. e. w. sadavo mwkrivebis Sesaxeb ...................................... 177

Sinaarsi 

6.3. uGlebis nimuSebi Zveli qarTuli enisaTvis ............. 193 

$ $ $ $ 7777. . . . dro----kiloTa dro dro dro kiloTa kiloTa kiloTa sistema sistema sistema sistema qarTuli qarTuli qarTuli qarTuli enis enis enis enis dialeqtebSi 

dialeqtebSi 

dialeqtebSi 

dialeqtebSi 

7.1. zogadi viTareba ................................................................. 196 

7.2. dro-kiloTa sistema aGmosavlur dialeqtebSi ....... 197 

7.3. dro-kiloTa sistema dasavlur dialeqtebSi ............ 200 

7.4. tendenciebi ......................................................................... 201 

7.5. uGlebis nimuSebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi ......... 203 

$ $ $ $ 8888. . . . mwkrivTa mwkrivTa mwkrivTa mwkrivTa daJJJJgufebisa da da da gufebisa gufebisa gufebisa da da da da Tanamimdevrobis 

Tanamimdevrobis 



sakiTxisaTvis sakiTxisaTvis 

sakiTxisaTvis 

sakiTxisaTvis ................................................................................ 206 

$ $ $ $ 9999. . . . uuuuGGGGleba leba, leba leba, 

, , uuuuGGGGle le lebis lebis 

bis bis tipebi tipebi tipebi tipebi 

9.1. terminisaTvis ...................................................................... 217 

9.2. Tvalsazrisebi uGlebis tipebad daKofis 

Taobaze ................................................................................ 218 

9.3. formaTa `sesxebis~ sakiTxi ............................................. 220 

9.4. zmnaTa daJgufeba mwkrivTa warmoebis 

SesaZleblobis mixedviT ................................................... 228 

$ $ $ $ 10 10. 10 10. 

. . supletivizmi supletivizmi supletivizmi supletivizmi mwkrivTa mwkrivTa mwkrivTa mwkrivTa warmoebaSi warmoebaSi 

warmoebaSi 

warmoebaSi ................................. 236 

nawili II. zmnuri zmnuri formawarmoebis formawarmoebis sakiTxebi 

sakiTxebi 

Tavi III. pirisa pirisa da da ricxvis ricxvis niSanTa niSanTa sistemis sistemis Sesaxeb 

Sesaxeb 

qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

$ $ $ $ 11 11. 11 11. 

. . kiTxvebi kiTxvebi kiTxvebi kiTxvebi da da da da SeniSvnebi SeniSvnebi SeniSvnebi SeniSvnebi subieqturi subieqturi subieqturi subieqturi meore meore meore meore da da da da 

obieqturi obieqturi obieqturi obieqturi mesame mesame mesame mesame piris piri piri piris 

s s niSanTa niSanTa niSanTa niSanTa Sesaxeb Sesaxeb Sesaxeb Sesaxeb 

515 

.......................... 243 

11.1. `xanmetoba~-`haemetobis~ Taobaze ............................... 245 

11.2. kiTxvebi subieqturi meore da obieqturi 

mesame piris gamoxatvis principis gamo; 

`ZiriTadi~ da àraZiriTadi~ wesi .............................. 251 

11.3. sistemis rGveva Tu axali sistemis Camo- 

Kalibebis mcdeloba? norma da realoba .................. 257 

11.4. mwerlis enobrivi Tavisufleba da subieq-

516 


turi meore da obieqturi mesame piri axal 

qarTulSi .......................................................................... 259 

11.5. subieqturi meore da obieqturi mesame piris 

niSnebi Tanamedrove qarTul dialeqtebSi .................. 262 

$ $ $ $ 12 12. 12 12. 

. . subieqturi subieqturi subieqturi subieqturi mesame mesame mesame mesame piris piris piris piris niSanTa niSanTa niSanTa niSanTa sistema sistema sistema sistema 

12.1. zogadi suraTi ................................................................. 265 

12.2. mravlobiTobis narian mawarmoebelTa 

urTierTmimarTebisaTvis ................................................ 267 

12.3. -a da -o sufiqsTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis ........... 271 

12.4. subieqturi mesame piris niSanTa ganawi- 

lebisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi ........................................... 273 

12.5. isev kiTxvebi da SeniSvnebi ........................................... 276 

12.6. ia daboloebis a komponentis Taobaze 

awmKosa da I TurmeobiTSi ............................................. 282 

12.7. subieqturi mesame piris -s, -a, -o sufiqsTa 

ganawilebisaTvis axal qarTulSi ................................ 284 

Tavi IV. I seriis seriis formaTa formaTa warmoebis warmoebis sakiTxebi 

$ $ $ $ 13 13. 13 13. 

. . Tema. Tema Tema Tema. 

. . Temis Temis Temis Temis niSnebi niSnebi niSnebi niSnebi 

13.1. Temis raobisaTvis ........................................................... 291 

13.2. -i elementis Taobaze zrd-i-s tipis zmnebSi .......... 293 

13.3. -av da -am TemisniSnian zmnaTa vnebiTi 

gvaris formaTa Sesaxeb axal qarTulSi ................. 297 

13.4. -ev/-iv sufiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris formaTa 

Sesaxeb axal qarTulSi .................................................. 301 

$ $ $ $ 14 14. 14 14. 

. . Temis Temis Temis Temis gavrcoba. gavrcoba gavrcoba gavrcoba. 

. . savrcobi.... savrcobi savrcobi savrcobi 

14.1. savrcobis raobisaTvis ................................................... 302 

14.2. -av/-am TemisniSnian zmnaTa paradigma Zvel 

qarTulSi da masTan dakavSirebuli 

problemebi ......................................................................... 304 

14.3. -d, -id, -od savrcobTa ganawilebis 

safuZveli I seriaSi ....................................................... 311

Sinaarsi 

14.4. savrcobTa gamoKeneba sxva seriebSi da 

aGZruli kiTxvebi ............................................................. 313 

$ $ $ $ 15 15. 15 15. 

. . Temis Tem Tem Temis 

is is sakiTxisaTvis sakiTxisaTvis 

sakiTxisaTvis 

sakiTxisaTvis ----i i i i elementian elementian elementian elementian zmnebSi zmnebSi zmnebSi zmnebSi ................... 318 

$ $ $ $ 16 16. 16 16. 

. . xmovanprefiqsebi xmovanprefiqsebi xmovanprefiqsebi xmovanprefiqsebi da da da da Tema Tema Tema Tema ..................................................... 323 

$ $ $ $ 17 17. 17 17. 

. . Temis Temis Temis Temis niSanTa niSanTa niSanTa niSanTa monacvleoba 

monacvleoba 

monacvleoba 

monacvleoba 

17.1. Temis niSanTa monacvleoba moqmedebiTi 

gvaris zmnebSi ................................................................... 324 

17.2. Temis niSanTa monacvleoba vnebiTi gvaris 

zmnebSi ................................................................................. 330 

17.3. Temis niSanTa monacvleoba saSuali gvaris 

zmnebSi ............................................................................... 331 

$ $ $ $ 18 18. 18 18. 

. . Temis Temis Temis Temis niSanTa niSanTa niSanTa niSanTa ganawilebisaTvis ganawilebisaTvis 

ganawilebisaTvis 

ganawilebisaTvis ......................................... 332 

$ $ $ $ 19 19. 19 19. 

. . statikur statikur statikur statikur zmnaTa zmnaTa zmnaTa zmnaTa awmKKKKos awm awm awm os os os meSvelzmnian 

meSvelzmnian 

meSvelzmnian 

meSvelzmnian 

formaTa formaTa formaTa formaTa Sesaxeb Sesaxeb Sesaxeb Sesaxeb ...................................................................... 337 

$ $ $ $ 20 20. 20 20. 

. . nasaxelar nasaxelar nasaxelar nasaxelar zmnaTa zmnaTa zmnaTa zmnaTa fuZis fuZis fuZis fuZis sakiTxisaTvis sakiTxisaTvis 

sakiTxisaTvis 

sakiTxisaTvis ............................ 342 

$ $ $ $ 21 21. 21 21. 

. . erTpirian erTpirian erTpirian erTpirian nasaxelar nasaxelar nasaxelar nasaxelar zmnaTa zmnaTa zmnaTa zmnaTa formawarmoebis 

formawarmoebis 



sakiTxebi sakiTxebi sakiTxebi sakiTxebi .................................................................................... 347 

$ $ $ $ 22 22. 22 22. 

. . ----av av av av elementian elementian elementian elementian medioaqtiur medioaqtiur medioaqtiur medioaqtiur zmnaTa zmnaTa zmnaTa zmnaTa Sesaxeb Sesaxeb Sesaxeb Sesaxeb ................. 351 

Tavi V. II seriis seriis formaTa formaTa formaTa warmoebis warmoebis sakiTxebi 

sakiTxebi 

$ $ $ $ 23 23. 23 23. 

. . wK wKvetilis wK wKvetilis 

vetilis vetilis warmoebis warmoebis warmoebis warmoebis sakiTxebi sakiTxebi sakiTxebi sakiTxebi 

23.1. wvetilis warmoebis tipis gansazGvrisaTvis ........... 356 

23.2. -i elementani wKvetili ................................................. 358 

23.3. -e sufiqsiani wKvetili .................................................. 368 

23.4. wvetilis warmoebis amosavali tipisaTvis .............. 374 

$ $ $ $ 24 24. 24 24. 

. . Taviseburebani Tavisebure 

Tavisebure 

Taviseburebani 

bani bani wKKKKvetilis ww 

w vetilis vetilis vetilis warmoebaSi 

warmoebaSi 

warmoebaSi 

warmoebaSi 

24.1. uniSno tipi warmoebisa ................................................ 375 

24.2. zogadad subieqturi mesame piris -o 

sufiqsis gamovlenis pirobaTa Sesaxeb ...................... 378 

24.3. Kav fuZis Semcvel zmnaTa wKvetilis Sesaxeb .......... 380 

24.4. Caico ( Caicva) tipis formebi samwerlobo 

enaSi ..................................................................................... 381 

517

518 


24.5. `Sereuli paradigmebi~ wKvetilis warmoebaSi ........ 381 

24.6. davdevi // davde tipis paralelur formaTa 

Sesaxeb ............................................................................... 385 

24.7. dargo //darga tipis paraleluri formebi ............. 387 

24.8. SevatKve // SevatKe tipis formaTa Sesaxeb .............. 388 

24.9. Tavisebureba uambobs zmnis wKvetilis formisa .... 390 

24.10. val zmnis wKvetilis formaTa Sesaxeb .................... 391 

24.11. fuZeTa bolokiduris mokveca wKvetilSi .............. 394 

24.12. v-s sakiTxisaTvis -ev sufiqsian zmnaTa 

formebSi ........................................................................... 395 

24.13. KalibTa monacvleobisaTvis ........................................ 399 

$ $ $ $ 25 25. 25 25. 

. . II II II II kavSirebiTis kavSirebiTis kavSirebiTis kavSirebiTis warmoebis warmoebis warmoebis warmoebis sakiTxebi sakiTxebi sakiTxebi sakiTxebi 

25.1. meore kavSirebiTis mawarmoebeli sufiqsebi ........... 403 

25.2. meore kavSirebiTis mawarmoebel sufiqsTa 

ganawilebis Sesaxeb arsebuli Tvalsazrisebi ........ 405 

25.3. -o sufiqsiani meore kavSirebiTi ................................ 408 

25.4. -a da -e sufiqsiani meore kavSirebiTi ...................... 410 

25.5. wKvetilisa da meore kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa 

warmoebis urTierTmimarTebisaTvis ............................ 419 

$ $ $ $ 26 26. 26 26. 

. . mravalgzisobis mravalgzisobis mravalgzisobis mravalgzisobis gamoxatvisaTvis gamoxatvisaTvis gamoxatvisaTvis gamoxatvisaTvis qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

qarTulSi 

26.1. mravalgzisobis kategoriisaTvis ................................ 423 

26.2. II xolmeobiTi praqtikul gramatikebSi .................... 424 

26.3. II xolmeobiTi da niko mari .......................................... 426 

26.4. organuli warmoebidan aGweriTisaken ...................... 428 

26.5. xolmeobiTis mwkrivi da leqsikurad 

gamoxatuli mravalgzisoba Zvel qarTulSi ............ 430 

26.6. mravalgzisobis gamomxatvel mwkrivTa urTierT- 

mimarTebis sakiTxi Zvel qarTulSi ............................ 435 

26.7. mravalgzisobis gamoxatva aGmosavleT saqar- 

Tvelos mTis dialeqtebSi ............................................. 442 

26.8. mravalgzisobis gamoxatva aGmosavleT saqar- 

Tvelos baris dialeqtebSi ........................................... 449 

26.9. mravalgzisobis gamoxatvisaTvis axal sali- 

teraturo qarTulSi ...................................................... 453

Sinaarsi 

Tavi VI. III seriis seriis formaTa formaTa warmoebis warmoebis sakiTxebi sakiTxebi 

sakiTxebi 

$ $ $ $ 27 27. 27 27. 

. . III III III III seriis seriis seriis seriis formaTa formaTa formaTa formaTa warmoebis warmoebis warmoebis warmoebis sakiTxebi sakiTxebi sakiTxebi sakiTxebi 

27.1. *** ........................................................................................ 456 

27.2. mesame seriis mwkrivTa warmoeba Zvel 

qarTulSi ........................................................................... 457 

27.3. ra xdeba axal saliteraturo qarTulSi? .............. 464 

27.4. -av da -am TemisniSnian zmnaTa III seriis 

formaTa Sesaxeb ............................................................. 470 

27.5. vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa mesame seriis 

formaTa Sesaxeb ............................................................... 475 

27.6. zogadi daskvna paragrafisaTvis ................................. 478 

bolosit bolositKva 

bolosit Kva .......................................................................................... 479 

literatura 

literatura literatura ........................................................................................ 481 

pirTa pirTa saZieblebi saZieblebi ................................................................................ 459 

Semoklebani Semoklebani .......................................................................................... 504 

G. Gogolashvili, Georgian Verb (Form-Building 

Issues) _ Summary .............................................................. 509 

519

arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti Arnold ...

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