marina gariSvili, mariam xoferia romis samarTlis safuZvlebi ...

xelmZRvanelobiT. komisiis mizani iyo samarTlis normebis mowesrigeba da maTSi sicxadis Setana.
daaxloebiT orwliani muSaobis Semdeg, komisiam Seqmna Leges duodecim tabularum (XII dafis kanonebi),
romelTa votireba moxda centurialur komiciebSi, qr. Sobamde 449 wels. Leges duodecim tabularum iqcnen,
Semdgomi periodis, romauli samarTalganviTarebis ZiriTad safuZvlad, «mTeli sajaro da kerZo
samarTlis wyarod» (fons omnis publici privatique … iuris » _ Livius, 3,24,6). uamravi Cveuleba (mores) da kuriatuli
kanoni (leges regiae) iqna sistematizirebuli da werilobiTi formiT dafiqsirda, sayovelTao
mniSvnelobis, erTgvarovan sajaro kanonSi (lex publica). yvela norma, romelic ar Sevida kodeqsSi,
CaiTvala Zaladakargulad da gauqmda.
Leges duodecim tabularum (XII dafis kanonebi) sistematizirebulia Tematuri principiT:
I-II-III dafebi awesrigeben samoqalaqo process, pirTa statusebs, ufleba da qmedunarianobis
safuZvlebs;
IV-V dafebi ixilaven saojaxo da memkvidreobiTi samarTlis sakiTxebs, mamis xelisuflebis
safuZvlebs;
VI-VII dafebi Seicaven sanivTo da valdebulebiTi samarTlis normebs;
VIII-IX dafebi awesrigeben sisxlis samarTlebriv urTierTobebs, danaSaulsa da sasjelis dadgenis
safuZvlebs;
X dafa exeboda sakraluri ritualebis mowesrigebas. Tumca, maleve gairkva, rom kanonmdeblebma ver
gaiTvaliswines, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi, momxdari cvlilebani da saWiro gaxda
kidev ori dafis damateba. ase Seiqmna XI da XII dafebi, romlebSic Sevida pirveli aTi dafisaTvis
gaTvaliswinebuli cvlileba-damatebebi.
komisiis mier Sedgenili kanonebi, komiciebSi votirebis Semdeg, amotvifres spilenZis dafebze (firfitebze)
da gamofines forumze, sayovelTao gacnobis mizniT. am aqtiT xazi gaesva normatiuli sistemis
erTianobasa da pozitiur samarTalSi daZleul gaurkvevlobas.
Cvenamde moRweulia rogorc amonaridebi XII dafis kanonebidan, ise maT safuZvelze Sedgenili sarCelebis
formulebi. qr. Sobamde III-II saukuneebis mijnaze kanonTa teqsti da legis actiones gamoaqveyna
seqstus eliusma, romlis naSromi safuZvlad daedo Semdgomi periodis filologiur da iuridiul
komentarebs. Leges duodecim tabularum (XII dafis kanonebi)-is Sesaxeb Cveni codna ganmtkicebulia Zveli
drois mecnierTa da iuristTa naSromebiT, kerZod: markus tulius ciceronis (Cicero), plinius ufrosis
(Plinius), titus liviusis (Livius), dionise halikarnaselis (Dionysius) da sxvebis TxzulebebiT.
Tu sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovani yvela wesi kanonis saxes miiRebda, samarTlis garkveulobis
idea ganuxorcielebeli darCeboda. XII dafis kanonebiT ikrZaleboda, samomavlod, iseTi saxis sakanonmdeblo
iniciativa (rogatio), romelic iqneboda mimarTuli kanonis gverdis avlisa da, calkeul
pirTa sasargeblod, gansakuTrebuli normebis (privilegium) misaRebad.
XII dafis kanonebi pozitiuri samarTlis Secvlis sakanonmdeblo procedurasac iTvaliswinebda.
titus liviusis redaqciiT, Cvenamde moRweul XII dafis kanonebis Tanaxmad, `rac ar unda daadginos
xalxma sabolood, es iqneba dadgenili samarTali.~ am dadgenilebiT naTelia, rom yoveli axali
kanoni Zvels ki ar auqmebda, aramed, pirvel yovlisa, icavda arsebul (moqmed) kanons, romlis gauqmebasac
iseTive procedura esaWiroeboda, rogoric misi miRebisaTvis iyo dadgenili. romis samar-
TalSi XII dafis kanonebi ZiriTad sakanonmdeblo aqtad rCeboda, amitom mas, sagangebo dazustebis
gareSe, xSir SemTxvevaSi ubralod `leges~-ad ixseniebdnen; mogvianebiT, swored XII dafis kanonTa
interpretaciis safuZvelze daixvewa da ganviTarda ius civile, ris gamoc, romauli saTemo-samarTlebrivi
sistema formalurad mTlianad am kodeqss daefuZna.
momdevno anu respublikis periodSi kanonebisaTvis xmis micema komicebSi xdeboda. Ius civile-sagan
gansxvavebiT, maT leges rogatae ewoda da isini 1. an reagirebas axdendnen farTod gavrcelebul
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