marina gariSvili, mariam xoferia romis samarTlis safuZvlebi ...
marina gariSvili, mariam xoferia romis samarTlis safuZvlebi ...
marina gariSvili, mariam xoferia romis samarTlis safuZvlebi ...
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313 w. konstantinem gamosca milanis (mediolanis) ediqti, romlis Tanaxmadac, qristianoba sxva<br />
religiebs gautolda, qristianul eklesiebs ki CamorTmeuli qoneba daubrunda. 324 w., aRmosavleTis<br />
avgustus-maqsenciusze gamarjvebis Semdeg, konstantines qristianulfiluri xelisufleba mTeli<br />
imperiis teritoriaze gavrcelda. 325 wels, imperatoris iniciativiTa da aqtiuri monawileobiT,<br />
Catarda nikeis msoflio saeklesio kreba, romelmac samebis erTmorwmuneobis Sesaxeb<br />
marTlmadidebluri dogmati gamoacxada da eretikosobas brZola gamoucxada. am RonisZiebiT<br />
qristianuli eklesia ideologiuradac imperatoris xelisuflebas daemorCila. 380 wels Teodosius<br />
didma gamosca milanis (mediolanis) ediqti, romelic, nikeis msoflio saeklesio krebis dogmatebis<br />
safuZvelze, moqalaqeebisgan qristianobis miRebas iTxovda. 391 wels man yvela warmarTuli taZari<br />
daxura da gandegilTa devna iwyo.<br />
konstantinem warmatebuli safinanso reforma gaatara, mosaxleobis dabegvris sistema gaaumjobesa,<br />
samxedro da administraciuli xelisufleba erTmaneTisgan gamijna, xolo pretorianelTa prefeqtisaTvis<br />
Zalauflebis CamorTmeviT, kidev ufro gaaZliera armia, dedaqalaqi gadaitana bizantionSi,<br />
romelsac SemdgomSi konstantinopoli ewoda.<br />
395 wlidan, imperator Teodosius didis gardacvalebis Semdeg, sul ufro mkveTr xasiaTs iZenda<br />
imperiis or nawils (partes imperii) Soris dava, ori diocezis _ dakiisa da makedoniis gamo, riTac<br />
isargebles, Teodosiusis mier mowveuli, alarihis vesTguTebma; 410 wels maT romi aiRes da<br />
gaZarcves. 425 w. taxtze avida imperatori valentiniane III-e, romlis drosac droebiTma politikurma<br />
stabilurobam daisadgura. Tumca, verc aman ixsna pars Occidentis genzerihis vandalebisa da atilas<br />
hunebis (451-452 ww.) Semosevisgan, romlebmac daarbies da daipyres afrika, galia da CrdiloeT<br />
italia. 455 w. vandalebma daikaves kunZuli sardinia da iqidan romze veraguli Tavdasxma ganaxorcieles.<br />
barbarosebTan kavSiris damyarebis praqtikam da maTma mowvevam romaelTa samsaxurSi, <strong>romis</strong><br />
dasavleTi nawilis politikuri simtkice mkveTrad Seasusta, rac 476 wlis politikuri gadatrialebiT<br />
dasrulda. barbarosTa beladma odoakrma taxtidan norCi uzurpatori romulus<br />
konstantinusi Camoagdo da, konstantinopolSi, imperator zenonTan gagzavna. sanacvlod, odoakrma<br />
italiis mmarTveloba iTxova. 480 w. gardaicvala imperator zenonis mier kanonier mmarTvelad<br />
aRiarebuli _ iulius nepoti. male dasavleT imperiisgan gadarCenili nawili _ italia Teodorixis<br />
osTguTebis xeliT gaaTavisufles. odoakri Caiketa ravenaSi, sadac igi 493 w. mokles. am xnis ganmavlobaSi<br />
konsulTa arCevnebi kvlav grZeldeboda romSi, administraciul Zalauflebas ki praefectus<br />
urbi axorcielebda; Teodorihma miiRo uzenaesi mxedarTmTavris Tanamdeboba da rex-is wodeba Seinar-<br />
Cuna. V saukunis bolos galiis samxreT-dasavleT nawili da espaneTi vesTguTebis samefos SemadgenlobaSi<br />
Sevida, samxreT-aRmosavleTi galia _ burgundebis samefoSi, xolo galia md. luaras<br />
CrdiloeTiT _ xlodvigis frankTa samefos SemadgenlobaSi moeqca.<br />
postklasikuri epoqis samarTalganviTareba biurokratizmis ganmtkicebas, saxelmwifos feodalizaciasa<br />
da pirovnebis damoukideblobis dacemas asaxavda. konstantines droidan moyolebuli,<br />
roca pozitiuri <strong>samarTlis</strong> ZiriTadi forma _ imperatoris konstitucia (constitutio _ dadgena, daweseba)<br />
ediqtad (zogadi moqmedebis normebi _ generalis) iqca, mkveTrad gauaresda kancelariis muSaobis<br />
xarisxi; kanonebis iuridiuli da enobrivi forma mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeboda klasikuri periodis<br />
nimuSebisgan. <strong>samarTlis</strong> samecniero ganviTarebisa da praqtikos-moxeleTa momzadebis donis dacemis<br />
gamo, postklasikuri epoqa vulgarizmis saxeliTaa cnobili. am epoqis iuristebi inteleqtualuri<br />
damoukideblobiT ver daikvexnidnen: Zalze didi iyo maT winamorbedTa samecniero memkvidreobis<br />
avtoriteti. am epoqis samarTalmcodneebi, maTi Tanamedrove periodis pozitiuri <strong>samarTlis</strong> stabilizaciisa<br />
da unifikaciis mizniT, zogadi debulebebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen. zogjer xdeboda klasikuri<br />
periodis sxvadasxva avtorTa naSromebs moculobiTi Semcireba, zogjer ki _ kompilaciebis<br />
gadamuSaveba.<br />
IV saukunis dasasrulidan iuridiul skolebSi <strong>samarTlis</strong> sferoSi e.w. klasikuri tendencia ganvi-<br />
Tarda. xsenebul skolaTa warmomadgenlebi klasikuri periodis avtoritetul mecnierTa naSromebs<br />
iyenebdnen. Tumca, am tendenciisaTvis ucxoa klasikuri memkvidreobisadmi istoriuli midgoma. piriqiT,<br />
iuridiuli skolis profesorebi (praeceptores) beriTSi (beiruTi), konstantinopolSi,<br />
aleqsandriasa da romSi cdilobdnen daedginaT iseTi kanoni, romelic <strong>samarTlis</strong> mecnierebis<br />
uzenaes gamovlenad aRiqmeboda. praqtikuli mosazreba aiZulebda profesorebs yuradReba gaemaxvilebinaT<br />
severusTa epoqis iuristTa naSromebsa da gaiusis `institutebze~.<br />
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