marina gariSvili, mariam xoferia romis samarTlis safuZvlebi ...

diokletianes (306 w.) taxtidan gadadgomamde, mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdendnen imperatoris kancelariis
muSaobis stilsa da teqnikaze. Tumca, es faqti pozitiuri samarTlis wyarod auctoritas
prudentium-ad ar ganixileboda.
dominatis epoqaSi (roca ganaTlebuli iuristebi praqtikul saqmianobas aRar eweodnen da mxolod
swavlebiT iyvnen dakavebulni) responsa prudentium-i, mxolod dawerili samarTlis saxiT, klasikuri
periodis Txzulebebsa da gviandeli periodis gadamuSavebuli naSromebis kompilaciebSi e.w. `iura~-Si
(imperatorTa konstituciebisgan gansxvavebiT, leges-is saxiT,) arsebobda.
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis miRebis dros, maTze kvlav uTiTebdnen; Tumca, samecniero azris
mkveTrad dacemis Semdeg, `Zveli~ iuristebis mosazrebebTan Sepirispireba did gaugebrobas iwvevda.
klasikosTa mosazrebebis savaldebulo Zala upirobo kriteriumad miiCneoda, dasavleT imperiis
mmarTvelis valentiniane III-is mier, 426 w. 7 noembers miRebuli kanoniT `citirebis Sesaxeb~, romliTac
dadginda im xuTi yvelaze cnobili da, drois kvalobaze, yvelaze Tanamedrove iuristis vinaoba,
romelTa mosazrebebsac, sxvebTan SedarebiT, upiratesoba mieniWaT. es iuristebi iyvnen: papiniane,
paulusi, ulpiane, modestinusi da gaiusi. maT mosazrebaTa Soris winaaRmdegobis SemTxvevaSi, saqmis
gadawyveta mosamarTlis mier xmaTa umravlesobiT xdeboda; Tanabari `xmebis~ SemTxvevaSi _ gadamwyveti
papinianes azri iyo. aRniSnuli viTarebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi ki, mosamarTles, saqmis
sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr, gadawyvetis ufleba eniWeboda. aRmosavleT romis imperiaSi kanoni
`citirebis Sesaxeb~ Teodosius II-is mier 438 w. gamocemuli kodeqsiT damkvidrda, mogvianebiT ki, 529
wels, iustiniane didis Novus Codex-Si Seitanes.
$5. Iurisprudencia (romaeli samarTalmcodneTa saqmianoba)
1. avgustusi oqtaviane (gaius iuliusi oqtaviane avgustusi) (qr. Sobamde 63 wlis 23 seqtemberi – qr.
Sobis. 14 wlis 19 agvisto) _ romis imperatori qr. Sobamde 27 wlidan. gaius iulius keisris Zmis
SviliSvili, keisris mier Svilad ayvanili. principatis saxelwodebiT cnobili politikuri reJimis
fuZemdebeli. gaiusi yovelmxriv uwyobda xels iurisprudenciis ganviTarebas. misi iniciativiT samoqalaqo
(kerZo) samarTlis ramdenime kanoni miiRes. avgustusis sakanonmdeblo saqmianobis mizani
saxelmwifo da samarTlis sistemis daxvewa, romis samarTlis institutebisa da sazogadoebis zneobis
srulyofa iyo. avgustusis mmarTvelobis periodi esaa xelovnebis ayvavebis Jami; am dros moRvaweobdnen:
poetebi – vergiliusi, horaciusi, properciusi, istorikosi – titus liviusi; avgustusis
dros romSi aSenda mSvidobis sakurTxeveli, avgustusis forumi, mavzoleumi marsis velze da sxva.
2. avlus geliusi (daibada daaxloebiT 130 wels) _ romaeli mwerali. mis kalams ekuTvnis vrceli
naSromi “antikuri Rameebi” (romelTaganc Cvenamde, 20 wignad, naxevarze metma moaRwia); naSromSi
mocemulia mravali cnoba istoriis, literaturis, miTologiis, samarTlisa da filosofiis sferodan.
moZRvrebisa da saTavgadasavlo moTxrobebis saxiT Sedgenili naSromi dialogis formiTaa
dawerili. masSi uxvadaa citata romaeli iuristebis im Txzulebebidan, romlebic sxva wyaroebSi
naxsenebi araa.
3. gaiusi – (daaxloebiT qr. Sobis 117/138-180/192 w.w) _ biografiuli cnobebi gaiusis Sesaxeb iseve
ucnobia, rogorc misi namdvili saxeli. mis kalams ekuTvnis: kerZo samarTlis klasikuri saxelmZRvanelo
“Institutiones,” provinciale (32 wignad antonius piusis mmarTvelobis dros) da gamokvleva Ad Q.
Mucium, romlebic citirebulia iustinianes digestebSi. saintereso da simboluria gaiusis `instituciebis”
_ “Institutionum iuris civilis commentarii” bedic: Sua saukuneebSi maTi didi nawili daikarga; X1X
saukunemde am naSromTa mxolod fragmentebma moaRwia; sxva naSromebSi ki instituciebis Sesaxeb
Semonaxulia cnobebi an maTi gadamuSavebuli varianti. kerZod, gaiusis Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdis
boeciusi, xolo gaiusis Eepistole alarixis breviariaSia Sesuli. 1816 wels veronis biblioTekaSi
germanelma istorikosma bertold georg niburma wm. ieronimes werilebTan erTad palimfsestSi
gaiusis sruli xelnaweri aRmoaCina. Semdeg manuskriptis atributi cnobilma germanelma civilistma,
samarTlis istoriuli skolis fuZemdebelma fridrih karl fon savinim iTava. restavraciis procesSi
sxvadasxva eqsperimentis Catarebis Sedegad, instituciebis xelnaweri mniSvnelovnad dazianda,
ramac SeuSala xeli instituciebis gamocemas, 1934 wels, DZvelegviptur papirusebSi aRmoCenili
instituciebis axali nawyvetebis meSveobiT, teqstSi arsebul xarvezTa aRmofxvra moxerxda.
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