marina gariSvili, mariam xoferia romis samarTlis safuZvlebi ...
marina gariSvili, mariam xoferia romis samarTlis safuZvlebi ...
marina gariSvili, mariam xoferia romis samarTlis safuZvlebi ...
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senatSi princeps-oba (pirveli) uboZes. qr. Sobamde 27 wlis 13 ianvars, senatis sazeimo sxdomaze, oqtavianem<br />
ganacxada, rom amieridan igi daasrulebda mSvidobismyofel misias, uars ityoda saxelmwifo<br />
saqmeebze da mTel Zalauflebas romael xalxsa da mis senats gadascemda. senatis daJinebuli<br />
moTxovniT, oqtavianem `gulmowyaleba gamoiCina~ da, konsulobis SenarCunebasa da gandgomili provinciebis<br />
dasamorCileblad miniWebul sagangebo imperium-ze, Tanxmoba ganacxada. senatma mas Augustus<br />
wodeba mianiWa, ris Sedegad oqtavianes Imperator Caesar Augustus-s uwodebdnen. Imperator samxedro<br />
meTaurs niSnavda (am wodebiT legionebi mxedarTmTavars mimarTavdnen). Caesar _ misi Sviladamyvanis,<br />
iulius keisris saxeli iyo. Augustus _ <strong>romis</strong> axaldamaarsebeli, anu axali romulusi (qalaqis<br />
daarsebasTan dakavSirebuli religiuri rituali augustum, augurium) iyo. senatis mier miRebul politikuri<br />
gadawyvetilebebze Tavad avgustusi werda: `amieridan, sakuTari auctoritas wyalobiT, me yvelaze<br />
maRla videqi, Tumca Cemi potestas, magistraturaSi moRvawe, kolegebis Zalauflebas ar aRemateboda~.<br />
swored auctoritas wyalobiT, anu yvelas mier aRiarebuli piradi prestiJis da ara potestas, anu<br />
magistratis xelisuflebis safuZvelze, miRweul iqna komp<strong>romis</strong>i mmarTvelobis axal, avtoritarul<br />
wessa da saxalxo-aristokratiul-respublikur reJims Soris. T. momzenis mtkicebiT, principati, rogorc<br />
orxelisuflebianoba, iyo iseTi reJimi, romlis drosac Zalaufleba gamijnuli iyo princefssa<br />
da senats Soris. yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, avgustuss saukeTeso wesrigis fuZemdebeli (optimi<br />
status auctor) uwodes.<br />
saxelmwifo xelisuflebis axali mowyobis pirobebSi princefss imperium proconsulare maius et infinitum da<br />
tribunicia potestas mieniWa. pirveli wodebiT jaris uzenaesi mxedarTmTavroba da saimperio provinciebis<br />
mmarTvelobis ufleba igulisxmeboda. Tribunicia potestas-iT ki, princefss magistratebis mier gamocemul<br />
nebismier aqtze, veto (intercessio) dadebis SesaZleblobas da plebsis saxalxo krebebis mowvevis<br />
uflebas (ius agendi cum plebe) aniWebda. mogvianebiT, qr. Sobamde 44 w. keisris mibaZviT, oqtavianem<br />
plebsis tribunis Tanamdebobaze, dadgenili proceduris gareSe, sakuTari kandidatura wamoayena.<br />
Tumca markus antoniusis protestis gamo, tribunis Tanamdebobaze oqtavianes uari eTqva. qr. Sobamde<br />
36 w. oqtavianes plebsis tribunis RvTaebrivi xelSeuvaloba (sacrosanctitas) mieniWa, xolo 30 wels _<br />
tribunis samisdReSio Zalaufleba (tribunicia potestas vitalicia). man tribunis uflebamosilebas SeuTavsa<br />
prokonsulis Tanamdeboba (imperium proconsulare), riTac dairRva uZvelesi da myarad moqmedi principi:<br />
erTi piris xelSi samoqalaqo (imperium domi) da samxedro (imperium militiae) xelisuflebis SeTavsebis<br />
dauSvebloba. romSi Sesvlis dros, prokonsulebisagan gansxvavebiT, princefss jaris sardlobis<br />
uflebamosilebis moxsna ar moeTxoveboda. tiberiusis droidan moyolebuli, princefsis tribunis<br />
xelisufleba imperiis mTel teritoriaze gavrcelda. qr. Sobis II saukunidan tribunebs aRar irCevdnen.<br />
Tumca, cnobebi am Tanamdebobis Sesaxeb IV da V saukuneebSi gamocemul imperatorTa konstituciebSia<br />
SemorCenili.<br />
Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi wesrigisa da simSvidis damkvidrebis Semdeg, avgustusis moRvaweobiT, dasabami<br />
mieca provinciebis romanizaciis xangrZliv process. egvipte man romaeli xalxis xelisuflebas dauqvemdebara,<br />
xolo egviptis mmarTveloba sakuTar Tavze aiRo. <strong>romis</strong> moqalaqis (civis romanus) sapatio<br />
mdgomareobisa da misi uflebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, <strong>romis</strong> moqalaqis tolfas uflebebs provinciis<br />
mcxovreblebs avgustusi individualurad aniWebda, provinciebSi ki <strong>romis</strong> msgavs mmarTvelobis sistemas<br />
amkvidrebda. yvelaze mdidar provinciebs, maTi Semorigebis sababiT, princefsi uSualod saku-<br />
Tar xelisuflebas uqvemdebarebda (saimperatoro provinciebi), xolo danarCeni provinciebi senatis<br />
administraciul daqvemdebarebaSi (senatis provinciebi) rCebodnen.<br />
provinciebis pirvel saxeobas avgustusis legati-propretorebi (legati Augusti pro praetore) marTavdnen,<br />
meore saxeobas _ prokonsulebi. Tumca, yvela maTgans Tanamdebobaze princefsi niSnavda. municipaluri<br />
mmarTvelobis reJimsac (municipia) romauli struqtura hqonda: magistratebi, senati, komiciebi. municipaluri<br />
sabWoebi (ordo decurionum) 100 wevrisagan Sedgeboda. isini yofili magistratebis<br />
rigebidan airCeodnen. saqmianobis kolegialuri wesiT warsamarTavad magistratebs municipiebSi erTi<br />
wlis vadiT irCevdnen.<br />
principatis periodSi imperiuli biurokratia Camoyalibda. princefsma sakuTari uflebamosilebani,<br />
ierarqiulobis mixedviT, Tanamdebobis pirebs gadasca, romlebic, saqmianobis safasurad, gasamrjelos<br />
iRebdnen. yvelaze didi gavleniTa da ZalauflebiT pretorebi sargeblobdnen: 1. samxedro<br />
funqciebiT aRWurvili, praefectus praetorio imperatoris pirad gvardias sardlobda; 2. romSi poli-<br />
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