guida bibliografica ai piu' noti fitoterapici - Erboristeria.org.uk

COMPOSIZIONENOTE BIBLIOGRAFICHEI componenti principali della Bardana (Arctium lappa) sono rappresentati dagli acidicaffeilchinici, composti polifenolici quali l’acido clorogenico, l’acido caffeico, l’acidoisoclorogenico ed altri derivati dell’acido caffeico. Sono inoltre presenti elevate quantità diinulina, nella misura del 27-45%, e mucillagini, per un totale di circa il 69% di carboidrati;una quindicina di poliacetileni; dieci composti acetilenici solforati diversi, quali acidoaretico, arctinone, arctinolo, arctinale; un olio essenziale ricco di acidi amari; acido costusico;i guaianolidi deidrocostusicolattone e 11,13-diidrodeidrocostusicolattone, principi amari delladroga; lignani (neoarctina, daucosterolo, arctigenina 115 , arctiina, matairesinolo e lappaolo 116 ).Inoltre sitosterolo, stigmasterolo ed acido γ-guanidino-n-butirrico.ATTIVITÀ BIOLOGICHE ED IMPIEGHI CLINICI DESCRITTI IN LETTERATURALe attività biologiche ed i più noti impieghi clinici descritti per il fitocomplesso della Bardanasono:Medicina popolare. Nella medicina popolare la Bardana è utilizzata come diuretico(“depurativo del sangue”), come lassativo, contro la calcolosi biliare o urinaria, perdisturbi reumatici nonché, esternamente, per eczemi o ferite a cicatrizzazione torpida(Wichtl, 1993; pag. 99-101).La radice di Bardana viene utilizzata nella medicina popolare cinese come rimedio per ilraffreddore e l’influenza, per la sua attività antinfiammatoria ed anticongestionante. Infatti,l’estratto di Bardana ha dimostrato una significativa attività antiinfiammatoria in diversimodelli sperimentali, quale l’infiammazione da carragenina nel ratto 117 . I componenti delfitocomplesso responsabili di questa attività sono – secondo AA. Cinesi – l’arctina e115 “In the previous paper, we reported the differentiation inducing activities of lignoids from Arctium Fructus (thefruits of Arctium lappa L., Compositae) against mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1). We reinvestigated theactive components of this extract and isolated three new dilignans. Furthermore, structure modifications werecarried out using the most active lignan (arctigenin, 1) and its structure-activity relationship was investigated.Its aliphatic esters were more effective in inducing the differentiation of M1 cells than its aromatic esters.Especially, n-decanoate, which was the most active derivative, induced more than half of the M1 cells intophagocytic cells at a concentration of 2 µM” (Umehara K, Nakamura M, Miyase T, Kuroyanagi M, Ueno A.Studies on differentiation inducers. VI. Lignan derivatives from Arctium fructus (2). School of PharmaceuticalSciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bullettin 1996; 44: 2300-4).116 “Six compounds were isolated from the seeds of Arctium lappa L. One of them is a new lignan namedneoarctin B(VI). The structure has been elucidated on the basis of spectral (UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR,DEPT, 2D-NMR and MS) analysis. The other five compounds were identified as daucosterol (I), arctigenin(II), arctiin (III), matairesinol (IV) and lappaol F (V)” (Wang HY, Yang JS. Institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing. Studies on the chemical constituents of Arctium lappa L. ActaPharmaceutica Sinica 1993; 28: 911-7).117 “The effects of Arctium lappa L. (root) on anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenger activity wereinvestigated. Subcutaneous administration of A. lappa crude extract significantly decreased carrageenaninducedrat paw edema. When simultaneously treated with CCl 4, it produced pronounced activities againstCCl 4-induced acute liver damage… These findings suggest that Arctium lappa possess free radicalscavenging activity. The inhibitory effects on carrageenan-induced paw edema and CCl 4-inducedhepatotoxicity could be due to the scavenging effect of A. lappa” (Lin CC, Lu JM, Yang JJ, Chuang SC, Ujiie T.Anti-inflammatory and radical scavenge effects of Arctium lappa. Graduate Institute of PharmaceuticalSciences, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan).38