Linee guida AIAC 2010 per la gestione e il trattamento della - Stopfa
Linee guida AIAC 2010 per la gestione e il trattamento della - Stopfa
Linee guida AIAC 2010 per la gestione e il trattamento della - Stopfa
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
50<br />
6. Cox JL, Canavan TE, Schuessler RB, et<br />
al. The surgical treatment of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion.<br />
II. Intrao<strong>per</strong>ative electrophysiologic<br />
mapping and description of the electrophysiologic<br />
basis of atrial flutter and atrial<br />
fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg<br />
1991;101:406-26.<br />
7. Jais P, Haissaguerre M, Shah DC, et al.<br />
A focal source of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion treated by<br />
discrete radiofrequency ab<strong>la</strong>tion. Circu<strong>la</strong>tion<br />
1997;95:572-6.<br />
8. Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, et al.<br />
Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion by<br />
ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary<br />
veins. N Engl J Med 1998;339:659-66.<br />
9. Jais P, Hocini M, Macle L, et al. Distinctive<br />
electrophysiological pro<strong>per</strong>ties of<br />
pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion.<br />
Circu<strong>la</strong>tion 2002;106:2479-85.<br />
10. Kumagai K, Ogawa M, Noguchi H, Yasuda<br />
T, Nakashima H, Saku K. Electrophysiologic<br />
pro<strong>per</strong>ties of pulmonary veins assessed<br />
using a multielectrode basket<br />
catheter. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:2281-<br />
9.<br />
11. Lin WS, Tai CT, Hsieh MH, et al.<br />
Catheter ab<strong>la</strong>tion of paroxysmal atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion<br />
initiated by non-pulmonary vein ectopy.<br />
Circu<strong>la</strong>tion 2003;107:3176-83.<br />
12. Jalife J, Berenfeld O, Mansour M.<br />
Mother rotors and fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tory conduction: a<br />
mechanism of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. Cardiovasc<br />
Res 2002;54:204-16.<br />
13. Wijffels MC, Kirchhof CJ, Dor<strong>la</strong>nd R,<br />
Allessie MA. Atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion begets atrial<br />
fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. A study in awake chronically instrumented<br />
goats. Circu<strong>la</strong>tion 1995;92:<br />
1954-68.<br />
14. Allessie M, Ausma J, Schotten U. Electrical,<br />
contract<strong>il</strong>e and structural remodeling<br />
during atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. Cardiovasc Res<br />
2002;54:230-46.<br />
15. Aime-Sempe C, Folliguet T, Rucker-<br />
Martin C, et al. Myocardial cell death in fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>ting<br />
and di<strong>la</strong>ted human right atria. J Am<br />
Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1577-86.<br />
16. Xu J, Cui G, Esma<strong>il</strong>ian F, et al. Atrial extracellu<strong>la</strong>r<br />
matrix remodeling and the maintenance<br />
of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. Circu<strong>la</strong>tion<br />
2004;109:363-8.<br />
17. Pokharel S, van Geel PP, Sharma UC, et<br />
al. Increased myocardial col<strong>la</strong>gen content<br />
in transgenic rats overexpressing cardiac angiotensin-converting<br />
enzyme is re<strong>la</strong>ted to<br />
enhanced breakdown of N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-<br />
Lys-Pro and increased phosphory<strong>la</strong>tion of<br />
Smad2/3. Circu<strong>la</strong>tion 2004;110:3129-35.<br />
18. Nguyen BL, Fishbein MC, Chen LS,<br />
Chen PS, Masroor S. Histopathological substrate<br />
for chronic atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion in humans.<br />
Heart Rhythm 2009;6:454-60.<br />
19. Zimmermann M, Kalusche D. Fluctuation<br />
in autonomic tone is a major determinant<br />
of sustained atrial arrhythmias in patients<br />
with focal ectopy originating from<br />
the pulmonary veins. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol<br />
2001;12:285-91.<br />
20. Fioranelli M, Piccoli M, M<strong>il</strong>eto GM, et<br />
G ITAL CARDIOL | VOL 12 | SUPPL 1 AL N 1 2011<br />
A RAVIELE ET AL<br />
al. Analysis of heart rate variab<strong>il</strong>ity five minutes<br />
before the onset of paroxysmal atrial<br />
fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol<br />
1999;22:743-9.<br />
21. Dimmer C, Tavernier R, Gjorgov N, Van<br />
Nooten G, Clement DL, Jordaens L. Variations<br />
of autonomic tone preceding onset of<br />
atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion after coronary artery bypass<br />
grafting. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:22-5.<br />
22. Bettoni M, Zimmermann M. Autonomic<br />
tone variations before the onset of<br />
paroxysmal atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. Circu<strong>la</strong>tion<br />
2002;105: 2753-9.<br />
23. Go AS, Hylek EM, Ph<strong>il</strong>lips KA, et al.<br />
Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion in<br />
adults: national implications for rhythm<br />
management and stroke prevention: the<br />
AntTicoagu<strong>la</strong>tion and Risk Factors In Atrial<br />
fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion (ATRIA) study. JAMA 2001;285:<br />
2370-5.<br />
24. Murphy NF, Simpson CR, Jhund PS, et<br />
al. A national survey of the prevalence, incidence,<br />
primary care burden and treatment<br />
of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion in Scot<strong>la</strong>nd. Heart<br />
2007;93:606-12.<br />
25. Naccarelli GV, Varker H, Lin J, Schulman<br />
KL. Increasing prevalence of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion<br />
and flutter in the United States. Am<br />
J Cardiol 2009;104:1534-9.<br />
26. Miyasaka Y, Barnes ME, Gersh BJ, et<br />
al. Secu<strong>la</strong>r trends in incidence of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion<br />
in Olmsted County, Minnesota,<br />
1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections<br />
for future prevalence. Circu<strong>la</strong>tion<br />
2006;114:119-25.<br />
27. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial<br />
fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion as an independent risk factor for<br />
stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke<br />
1991;22:983-8.<br />
28. Feinberg WM, B<strong>la</strong>ckshear JL, Laupacis<br />
A, Kronmal R, Hart RG. Prevalence, age distribution,<br />
and gender of patients with atrial<br />
fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. Analysis and implications. Arch<br />
Intern Med 1995;155:469-73.<br />
29. Bi<strong>la</strong>to C, Corti MC, Baggio G, et al.<br />
Prevalence, functional impact, and mortality<br />
of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion in an older Italian popu<strong>la</strong>tion<br />
(from the Pro.VA. study). Am J Cardiol<br />
2009;104:1092-7.<br />
30. Kannel WB, Abbott RD, Savage DD,<br />
McNamara PM. Coronary heart disease and<br />
atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion: the Framingham Study. Am<br />
Heart J 1983;106:389-96.<br />
31. Psaty BM, Manolio TA, Kuller LH, et al.<br />
Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion<br />
in older adults. Circu<strong>la</strong>tion 1997;96:<br />
2455-61.<br />
32. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial<br />
fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion: a major contributor to stroke in<br />
the elderly. The Framingham Study. Arch Intern<br />
Med 1987;147:1561-4.<br />
33. Krahn AD, Manfreda J, Tate RB, Mathew -<br />
son FA, Cuddy TE. The natural history of<br />
atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion: incidence, risk factors, and<br />
prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study.<br />
Am J Med 1995;98:476-84.<br />
34. Lloyd-Jones DM, Wang TJ, Leip EP, et<br />
al. Lifetime risk for development of atrial fib-<br />
r<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion: the Framingham Heart Study. Circu<strong>la</strong>tion<br />
2004;110:1042-6.<br />
35. Heeringa J, van der Kruip DA, Hofman<br />
A, et al. Prevalence, incidence and lifetime<br />
risk of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion: the Rotterdam<br />
study. Eur Heart J 2006;27:949-53.<br />
36. Nieuw<strong>la</strong>at R, Capucci A, Camm AJ, et<br />
al; European Heart Survey Investigators.<br />
Atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion management: a prospective<br />
survey in ESC member countries: the Euro<br />
Heart Survey on Atrial Fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. Eur Heart<br />
J 2005;26:2422-34.<br />
37. de Vos CB, Pisters R, Nieuw<strong>la</strong>at R, et al.<br />
Progression from paroxysmal to <strong>per</strong>sistent<br />
atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion: clinical corre<strong>la</strong>tes and prognosis.<br />
J Am Coll Cardiol <strong>2010</strong>;55:725-31.<br />
38. Nieuw<strong>la</strong>at R, Prins MH, Le Heuzey JY,<br />
et al. Prognosis, disease progression, and<br />
treatment of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion patients during<br />
1 year: follow-up of the Euro Heart Survey<br />
on atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. Eur Heart J 2008;29:<br />
1181-9.<br />
39. Levy S, Maarek M, Coumel P, et al.<br />
Characterization of different subsets of atrial<br />
fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion in general practice in France: the<br />
ALFA study. The College of French Cardiologists.<br />
Circu<strong>la</strong>tion 1999;99:3028-35.<br />
40. Kerr CR, Humphries KH, Ta<strong>la</strong>jic M, et<br />
al. Progression to chronic atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion after<br />
the initial diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial<br />
fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion: results from the Canadian Registry<br />
of Atrial Fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. Am Heart J<br />
2005;149:489-96.<br />
41. Kato T, Yamashita T, Sagara K, Iinuma<br />
H, Fu LT. Progressive nature of paroxysmal<br />
atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. Observations from a 14year<br />
follow-up study. Circ J 2004;68:568-72.<br />
42. Mukamal KJ, Tolstrup JS, Friberg J,<br />
Jensen G, Gronbaek M. Alcohol consumption<br />
and risk of atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion in men and<br />
women: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.<br />
Circu<strong>la</strong>tion 2005;112:1736-42.<br />
43. Mattioli AV, Bonatti S, Zennaro M,<br />
Melotti R, Mattioli G. Effect of coffee consumption,<br />
lifestyle and acute life stress in the<br />
development of acute lone atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion.<br />
J Cardiovasc Med 2008;9:794-8.<br />
44. van der Hooft CS, Heeringa J, van Herpen<br />
G, Kors JA, Kingma JH, Stricker BH.<br />
Drug-induced atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion. J Am Coll<br />
Cardiol 2004;44:2117-24.<br />
45. Andrews TC, Reimold SC, Berlin JA,<br />
Antman EM. Prevention of supraventricu<strong>la</strong>r<br />
arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery.<br />
A meta-analysis of randomized control<br />
trials. Circu<strong>la</strong>tion 1991;84(5 Suppl):III236-<br />
III244.<br />
46. Maisel WH, Rawn JD, Stevenson WG.<br />
Atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion after cardiac surgery. Ann<br />
Intern Med 2001;135:1061-73.<br />
47. Wang TJ, Parise H, Levy D, et al. Obesity<br />
and the risk of new-onset atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion.<br />
JAMA 2004;292:2471-7.<br />
48. Dublin S, French B, G<strong>la</strong>zer NL, et al.<br />
Risk of new-onset atrial fibr<strong>il</strong><strong>la</strong>tion in re<strong>la</strong>tion<br />
to body mass index. Arch Intern Med<br />
2006;166:2322-8.<br />
49. Tedrow UB, Conen D, Ridker PM, et al.