Linee guida AIAC 2010 per la gestione e il trattamento della - Stopfa

54
Intravenous propafenone in paroxysmal
atrial fibrillation: a randomized, placebocontrolled,
double-blind, multicenter clinical
trial. Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Italian Trial
(PAFIT)-2 Investigators. Clin Cardiol 1996;
19:409-12.
171. Stroobandt R, Stiels B, Hoebrechts R.
Propafenone for conversion and prophylaxis
of atrial fibrillation. Propafenone Atrial Fibrillation
Trial Investigators. Am J Cardiol
1997;79:418-23.
172. Khan IA. Single oral loading dose of
propafenone for pharmacological cardioversion
of recent-onset atrial fibrillation.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:542-7.
173. Ellenbogen KA, Stambler BS, Wood
MA, et al. Efficacy of intravenous ibutilide
for rapid termination of atrial fibrillation and
flutter: a dose-response study. J Am Coll
Cardiol 1996;28:130-6.
174. Stambler BS, Wood MA, Ellenbogen
KA, Perry KT, Wakefield LK, VanderLugt JT.
Efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous
doses of ibutilide for rapid conversion of
atrial flutter or fibrillation. Ibutilide Repeat
Dose Study Investigators. Circulation 1996;
94:1613-21.
175. Chiladakis JA, Kalogeropoulos A, Patsouras
N, Manolis AS. Ibutilide added to
propafenone for the conversion of atrial fibrillation
and atrial flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol
2004;44:859-63.
176. Hongo RH, Themistoclakis S, Raviele
A, et al. Use of ibutilide in cardioversion of
patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
treated with class IC agents. J Am Coll
Cardiol 2004;44:864-8.
177. Hilleman DE, Spinler SA. Conversion of
recent-onset atrial fibrillation with intravenous
amiodarone: a meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials. Pharmacotherapy
2002;22:66-74.
178. Chevalier P, Durand-Dubief A, Burri H,
Cucherat M, Kirkorian G, Touboul P. Amiodarone
versus placebo and classic Ic drugs
for cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation:
a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol
2003;41:255-62.
179. Letelier LM, Udol K, Ena J, Weaver B,
Guyatt GH. Effectiveness of amiodarone for
conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus
rhythm: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med
2003;163:777-85.
180. Khan IA, Mehta NJ, Gowda RM. Amiodarone
for pharmacological cardioversion
of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol
2003;89:239-48.
181. Singh BN, Singh SN, Reda DJ, et al.;
Sotalol Amiodarone Atrial Fibrillation Efficacy
Trial (SAFE-T) Investigators. Amiodarone
versus sotalol for atrial fibrillation. N Engl J
Med 2005;352:1861-72.
182. Roy D, Pratt CM, Torp-Pedersen C, et
al.; Atrial Arrhythmia Conversion Trial Investigators.
Vernakalant hydrochloride for
rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation: a phase
3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation
2008;117:1518-25.
G ITAL CARDIOL | VOL 12 | SUPPL 1 AL N 1 2011
A RAVIELE ET AL
183. Kowey PR, Dorian P, Mitchell B, et al.;
Atrial Arrhythmia Conversion Trial Investigators.
Vernakalant hydrochloride for the
rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation after
cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol
2009;2:652-9.
184. Negrini M, Gibelli G, De Ponti C. Confronto
tra amiodarone e chinidina nella fibrillazione
atriale di recente insorgenza. G
Ital Cardiol 1990;20:207-13.
185. Torp-Pedersen C, Moller M, Bloch-
Thomsen PE, et al. Dofetilide in patients
with congestive heart failure and left ventricular
dysfunction. Danish Investigations
of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide
Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999;341:857-
65.
186. Singh S, Zoble RG, Yellen L, et al. Efficacy
and safety of oral dofetilide in converting
to and maintaining sinus rhythm in
patients with chronic atrial fibrillation or
atrial flutter: the Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation
Investigative REsearch on Dofetilide
(SAFIRE-D) study. Circulation 2000;102:
2385-90.
187. Lown B, Amarasingham R, Neuman J.
New method for terminating cardiac arrhythmias.
Use of synchronized capacitor
discharge. JAMA 1962;182:548-55.
188. Lown B, Perlroth MG, Kaidbey S, Abe
T, Arken DE. “Cardioversion” of atrial fibrillation.
A report on the treatment of 65
episodes in 50 patients. N Engl J Med 1963;
269:325-31.
189. Hou CJ, Chang-Sing P, Flynn E, et al.
Determination of ventricular vulnerable period
and ventricular fibrillation threshold by
use of T-wave shocks in patients undergoing
implantation of cardioverter/defibrillators.
Circulation 1995;92:2558-64.
190. Lown B. Electrical reversion of cardiac
arrhythmias. Br Heart J 1967;29:469-89.
191. DeSilva RA, Graboys TB, Podrid PJ,
Lown B. Cardioversion and defibrillation.
Am Heart J 1980;100(6 Pt 1):881-95.
192. Lesser MF. Safety and efficacy of in-office
cardioversion for treatment of supraventricular
arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:
1267-8.
193. Notarstefano P, Pratola C, Toselli T,
Baldo E, Ferrari R. Sedation with midazolam
for electrical cardioversion. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol
2007;30:608-11.
194. Kerber RE. Transthoracic cardioversion
of atrial fibrillation and flutter: standard
techniques and new advances. Am J Cardiol
1996;78(8A):22-6.
195. Ewy GA. Optimal technique for electrical
cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Circulation
1992;86:1645-7.
196. Kerber RE. Energy requirements for
defibrillation. Circulation 1986;74(6 Pt 2):
IV117-IV119.
197. Bjerregaard P, El-Shafei A, Janosik DL,
Schiller L, Quattromani A. Double external
direct-current shocks for refractory atrial fibrillation.
Am J Cardiol 1999;83:972-4.
198. Saliba W, Juratli N, Chung MK, et al.
Higher energy synchronized external direct
current cardioversion for refractory atrial fibrillation.
J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:2031-4.
199. Mittal S, Ayati S, Stein KM, et al.
Transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation:
comparison of rectilinear biphasic versus
damped sine wave monophasic shocks.
Circulation 2000;101:1282-7.
200. Ricard P, Levy S, Boccara G, Lakhal E,
Bardy G. External cardioversion of atrial fibrillation:
comparison of biphasic vs mono -
phasic waveform shocks. Europace 2001;3:
96-9.
201. Page RL, Kerber RE, Russell JK, et al.;
BiCard Investigators. Biphasic versus
monophasic shock waveform for conversion
of atrial fibrillation: the results of an international
randomized, double-blind multicenter
trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:
1956-63.
202. Ermis C, Zhu AX, Sinha S, et al. Efficacy
of biphasic waveform cardioversion of
atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter compared
with conventional monophasic waveforms.
Am J Cardiol 2002;90:891-2.
203. Khaykin Y, Newman D, Kowalewski
M, Korley V, Dorian P. Biphasic versus
monophasic cardioversion in shock-resistant
atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003;14:868-
72.
204. Liberman L, Hordof AJ, Altmann K,
Pass RH. Low energy biphasic waveform
cardioversion of atrial arrhythmias in pediatric
patients and young adults. Pacing Clin
Electrophysiol 2006;29:1383-6.
205. Manegold JC, Israel CW, Erlich JR, et
al. External cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
in patients with implanted pacemaker
or cardioverter-defibrillator systems: a randomized
comparison of monophasic and
biphasic shock energy application. Eur Heart
J 2007;28:1731-8.
206. Alegret JM, Vinolas X, Sagrista J, et al.;
REVERSE Study Investigators. Predictors of
success and effect of biphasic energy on
electrical cardioversion in patients with persistent
atrial fibrillation. Europace 2007;9:
942-6.
207. Mortensen K, Risius T, Schwemer TF, et
al. Biphasic versus monophasic shock for
external cardioversion of atrial flutter: a
prospective, randomized trial. Cardiology
2008;111:57-62.
208. Glover BM, Walsh SJ, McCann CJ, et
al. Biphasic energy selection for transthoracic
cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. The
BEST AF Trial. Heart 2008;94:884-7.
209. Connell PN, Ewy GA, Dahl CF, Ewy
MD. Transthoracic impedance to defibrillator
discharge. Effect of electrode size and electrode-chest
wall interface. J Electrocardiol
1973;6:313-M.
210. Thomas ED, Ewy GA, Dahl CF, Ewy
MD. Effectiveness of direct current defibrillation:
role of paddle electrode size. Am
Heart J 1977;93:463-7.