Epidemiologia della degenerazione maculare senile (AMD) ITALIAN ...

derivanti dai principali studi condotti sulla
popolazione americana. Parimenti questi dati si
Bibliografia
1) Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Mitchell BD. Familial aggregation of agerelated
maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1997;123:199-206.
2) Young RW. Pathophysiology of age-related macular
degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 1987;31:291-306.
3)Chang B, Tanuzzi LA, Lada ID et al. Choroidal
neovascularization in second eyes of patients with unilateral
exudative age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology
1995;102:1380-6.
4) Zhu D, Wu J, Spee C, Ryan SJ, Hinton DR. BMP4 mediates
oxidative stress-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell
senescence and is over expressed in age-related macular
degeneration. J Biol Chem 2009;284(14):9529-39.
5) Frank RN, Amin RH, Puklin JE. Antioxidant enzymes in the
macular retinal pigment epithelium of eyes with neovascular
age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol
1999;127(6):694-709.
6) Gass JDM. Stereoscopic atlas of macular diseases, diagnosis
and treatment, 4th edn. St Luis: CV Mosby; 1997:70-2.
7) Bressler SB, Bressler NM, Alexander J et al. Clinicopathologic
correlation of occult choroidal neovascularization in agerelated
macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 1992;110:827-
32.
8) Bressler SB, Maguire MG, Bressler NM et al. Relationship of
drusen and abnormalities of the retinal pigment epithelium to
the prognosis of neovascular macular degeneration. Arch
Ophthalmol 1990;108:1442-7.
9) Clemons TE, Milton RC, Klein R, Seddon JM, Ferris FL. 3rdAge-
Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Risk factors for the
incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration in the
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research (AREDS) AREDS report
no. 19. Ophthalmology 2005; 112(4):533-9.
10) Stevens TS, Bressler NM, Maguire MG et al. Occult choroidal
neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Arch
Ophthalmol 1997;115:345-50.
11) Klein R, Klein BE, Jensen SC, Meuer SM. The five-year
incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy: the
Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1997; 104:7-21.
12) Christen WG, Glynn RJ, Manson JE, et al. A prospective study
of cigarette smoking and risk of age-related macular
degeneration in men. JAMA 1996;276:1147-51.
13) Seddon JM, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Hankinson SE. A
prospective study of cigarette smoking and age-related macular
degeneration in women. JAMA 1996;276(14):1141-6.
14) Tomany SC, Wang JJ, Van Leeuwen R, Klein R, Mitchell P,
Vingerling JR, et al. Risk factors for incident age-related macular
degeneration: pooled findings from 3 continents.
Ophthalmology 2004;111(7):1280-7.
15) Cong R, Zhou B, Sun Q, Gu H, Tang N, Wang B. Smoking and
the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis.
Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18(8):647-56.
16) Chong EW, Kreis AJ, Wong TY, Simpson JA, Guymer RH.
Alcohol consumption and the risk of age-related macular
degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J
Ophthalmol 2008;145(4):707-15.
17) Fraser-Bell S, Wu J, Klein R, Azen SP, Varma R. Smoking,
alcohol intake, estrogen use, and age-related macular
degeneration in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Am J
Ophthalmol 2006;141(1):79-87.
18) Seddon JM, Cote J, Page WF, Aggen SH, Neale MC. The US
twin study of age related macular degeneration: relative roles of
genetic and environmental influences. Arch Ophthalmol
2005;123:321-7.
19) Klein RJ, Zeiss C, Chew EY, et al. Complement factor H
polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration. Science
JPH - Year 7, Volume 6, Number 2, Suppl. 3, 2009
I T A L I A N J O U R N A L O F P U B L I C H E A L T H
allineano a quelli ottenuti in Australia e in Cina.
2005;308:385-9.
20) Edwards AO, Ritter R III, Abel KJ, Manning A, Panhuysen C,
Farrer LA. Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related
macular degeneration. Science 2005;308:421-4.
21) Haines JL, Hauser MA, Schmidt S, et al. Complement factor
H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration.
Science 2005;308:419-21.
22) Hageman GS, Anderson DH, Johnson LV, et al. A common
haplotype in the complement regulatory gene factor H
(HF1/CFH) predisposes individuals to age related macular
degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005;102:7227-32.
23) Chen LJ, Liu DT, Tam PO, et al. Association of complement
factor H polymorphisms with exudative age-related macular
degeneration. Mol Vis 2006;12:1536-42.
24) Gold B, Merriam JE, Zernant J, et al. Variation in factor B (BF)
and complement component 2 (C2) genes is associated with
age-related macular degeneration. Nat Genet 2006;38:458-62.
25) Haddad S, Chen CA, Santangelo SL, Seddon JM. The genetics
of age-related macular degeneration: a review of progress to
date. Surv Ophthalmol 2006;51(4):316-63.
26) Smith W, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. Gender, oestrogen, hormone
replacement and age-related macular degeneration: results from
the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1997;25
(Suppl 1):S13-5.
27) Klein R, Rowland ML, Harris MI. Racial/ethnic differences in
age-related maculopathy. Third National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey. Ophthalmology 1995;102(3):371-81.
28) Hogg RE, Woodside JV, Gilchrist SE, Graydon R, Fletcher AE,
Chan W, Knox A, et al. Cardiovascular disease and hypertension
are strong risk factors for choroidal neovascularization.
Ophthalmology 2008;115(6):1046-52.
29) van Leeuwen R, Boekhoorn S, Vingerling JR, et al. Dietary
intake of antioxidants and risk of age-related macular
degeneration. JAMA 2005;294:3101-7.
30) Snodderly DM. Evidence for protection against age-related
macular degeneration by carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins.
Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62(6 Suppl):1448S-61S.
31) Seddon JM, Rosner B, Sperduto RD, Yannuzzi L, Haller JA,
Blair NP, Willett W. Dietary fat and risk for advanced age-related
macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119(8):1191-9.
32) Chong EW, Kreis AJ, Wong TY, Simpson JA, Guymer RH.
Dietary omega-3 fatty acid and fish intake in the primary
prevention of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126(6):826-
33.
33) Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BE, Nondahl DM. Sunlight
and the 5-year incidence of early age-related maculopathy: the
beaver dam eye study. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119(2):246-50.
34) Tomany SC, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BE, Knudtson
MD. Sunlight and the 10-year incidence of age-related
maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol
2004;122(5):750-7. Erratum in: Arch Ophthalmol
2005;123(3):362.
35) Kikuchi M, Nakamura M, Ishikawa K, Suzuki T, Nishihara H,
Yamakoshi T, et al. Elevated C-reactive protein levels in patients
with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and patients with
neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology
2007;114(9):1722-7.
36) Klein R, Klein BE, Tomany SC, Cruickshanks KJ. The
association of cardiovascular disease with the long-term
incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye
Study. Ophthalmology 2003;110(6):1273-80.
37) Nicolas CM, Robman LD, Tikellis G, Dimitrov PN, Dowrick A,
Guymer RH, McCarty CA. Iris colour, ethnic origin and
C A P I T O L O 1 S 9