saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia saqarTvelos ...
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia saqarTvelos ...
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia saqarTvelos ...
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Sinaarsi<br />
1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebi.<br />
es naSromi mitropolitma anania jafariZem dawera 2003-2004 wlebSi.<br />
gamosca gamomcemlobam meranma sami wignis saxiT.<br />
esenia:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>sapatriarqos</strong><br />
<strong>manglis</strong>-<strong>walkis</strong> <strong>eparqia</strong><br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> teqnikuri<br />
universitetis Teologiis<br />
kaTedra<br />
mitropoliti anania jafariZe<br />
mitropoliti anania jafariZe<br />
sakanonmdeblo krebebi<br />
XII-XX saukuneebSi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
saeklesio<br />
krebebi<br />
I
naSromSi ganxilulia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebi, romelnic<br />
uaRresad mniSvnelovanni arian saeklesio samarTlisa da<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis istoriis Sesaswavlad, krebaTa analizs Tan<br />
erTvis maT mier gamocemuli kanonikuri samarTlis Zeglebi.<br />
recenzentebi: istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori<br />
giuli alasania<br />
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori<br />
sergo vardosaniZe<br />
1. Sesavali<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> wmida eklesia warmoadgens erT-erT nawils sayovelTao<br />
msoflio eklesiisa, amitomac misi samarTlis wyaroebi igivea, rac msoflio<br />
eklesiisa, Tumca cxadia, mas viTarca adgilobriv eklesias sakuTari<br />
wyaroebic aqvs, esenia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani,<br />
eklesiis meTaurTa, kaTalikos-patriarqTa epistoleebi da dadgenilebani,<br />
saxelmwifo kanonmdeblobani saeklesio saqmeTa Sesaxeb, samoqalaqo xasiaTis<br />
iuridiuli dokumentebi eklesiis Sesaxeb, agreTve eklesiis avtoritetul<br />
mamaTa ganmartebani.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis istoriis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens<br />
qarTuli saeklesio samarTali, romlis mTavari wyaro adgilobrivi<br />
saeklesio krebebi da misi kanonmdeblobaa. marTalia, CvenSi saeklesio<br />
krebebs uZvelesi droidanve iwvevdnen, magram, samwuxarod, aqamde arc<br />
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonebis krebuli da arc TviT krebaTa<br />
ganzogadebuli analizi gagvaCnda. am ukanasknelTa Seswavlis mxriv, CvenSi<br />
garkveuli CamorCena igrZnoba. marTalia, XX s-is dasawyisSi niko maris, ivane<br />
javaxiSvilis, korneli kekeliZisa da sxva did mecnierTa RvawliT safuZveli<br />
Caeyara qarTuli samarTlis zogadi istoriis Seswavlas, magram aTeisturi<br />
reJimis dros, XX s-is 20-iani wlebidanve CaiSala saeklesio samarTlis<br />
Seswavlis axalwamowyebuli saqme. wyaroebis naklebobasTan erTad, albaT<br />
amiT unda aixsnas, rom samecniero literaturaSi mxolod ramdenime<br />
saeklesio krebaa ganxiluli, maSin, roca IV saukunidan XX-mde, TiTqmis 1600<br />
wlis manZilze, saqarTveloSi asobiT saeklesio kreba unda yofiliyo<br />
mowveuli, dReisaTvis maTi umravlesoba araTu Seswavlili, gamovlenilic ki<br />
ar aris.<br />
amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom Znelia saeklesio krebebis gamovlena zRva<br />
saistorio masalidan, ar arsebobs am krebebis Sesaxeb pirdapiri miTiTeba,
zogierTi gamonaklisis garda. mkvlevari iZulebulia sxvadasxva sigelgujarsa<br />
da matianeebSi eZios mxolod iribi miniSneba anda mowmoba<br />
adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa Sesaxeb, maTi gamovlenis gareSe ki, rogorc<br />
aRiniSna, SeuZlebelia samarTlis istoriisa da, maSasadame, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis sruli istoriis dawera. mociqulTa, wmida mamaTa da msoflio<br />
krebaTa kanonebze dafuZnebuli saeklesio samarTali ZvelTaganve moqmed<br />
samarTals warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi 1 . am codnas efuZneboda wmida eqvTime<br />
mTawmidelisa da arsen iyalToelis mier gamocemuli `mcire~ da `didi~<br />
sjuliskanonebi. CvenSi, rogorc Cans, aseve icnobdnen msoflio krebebis<br />
kanonebis ganmmarteblebis: balsamonis, zonaras, aristinesa da maTeos<br />
blastaris Sromebs, amitomac am ukanasknelis `alfabeturi sintagmisa~ da<br />
armenopulos SromaTa Targmanebi `mefe rjulmdeblis~, vaxtang VI-is RvawliT<br />
gamokrebili saxiT miecaT qarTvelebs. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom Tu ara<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba ucxo Zalebis mier, ueWvelad,<br />
saeklesio samarTali saqarTveloSic miaRwevda Sesabamis simaRles. erT<br />
umcires, mokrZalebul nabijad am gzaze albaT SeiZleba miviCnioT qvemdebare<br />
naSromi, romelic daiwera Cveni uflisa da macxovris, ieso qristes<br />
sadideblad.<br />
naSromis mizania vrceli saistorio masalidan <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> adgilobrivi<br />
krebebis Sesaxeb monacemebis gamovlena, maTi analizi istoriulfilologiuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT da maTi dalageba garkveuli principebis<br />
Sesabamisad (qronologiurad da sistematurad), amasTanave, nakvlevis Sejereba<br />
msoflio saeklesio samarTlis Tanamedrove donesTan, SesaZleblobis<br />
farglebSi. ivane javaxiSvilis aRniSvniT, samarTlis sferoSi momuSave unda<br />
iyos istorikos-filologosi da amasTanave unda hqondes specialuri<br />
iuridiuli ganaTleba, amitomac Cven, viTarca mxolod istorikosi da ara<br />
iuristi, ufro metad vixilavT saeklesio krebebs istoriul-filologiuri<br />
TvalTaxedviT da naklebad vexebiT maT dogmatikur-kanonikuri mxriv, Tumca<br />
ki mogvaqvs uxvi masala mis Sesaxebac. amasTanave, 20-ze meti wlis manZilze<br />
Cemi episkoposobis dros, rogorc <strong>eparqia</strong>Si, ise wmida sinodSi xSiri Sexeba<br />
mqonda saeklesio-kanonikur samarTalTan, am praqtikulma saqmianobam<br />
cotaodnad gaamdidra Cemi codna am sferoSi. vloculobT, raTa Semdgom<br />
Taobas, ufro metad daxelovnebuls iuridiul sferoSi, Cveni naSromi<br />
gamoadges, viTarca erTi safexuri ufro maRal simaRleze asasvlelad.<br />
gamokvlevis sagani. istoriulad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> adgilobrivi<br />
eklesiisaTvis savaldebuloa msoflio sayovelTao eklesiis mier<br />
SemuSavebuli sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi, amitomac qarTuli saeklesio<br />
samarTali, erTi mxriv, umTavresad msoflio eklesiis kanonmdeblobas<br />
emyareba da misi saeklesio kanonmdeblobis saTaves msoflio krebebi<br />
Seadgens, meore mxriv ki, aseTs warmoadgens <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> adgilobrivi<br />
krebebi, rogorc ivane javaxiSvili uwodebda _ `adgilobiTi krebani~ 2 .<br />
Cveni gamokvlevis sagans warmoadgens <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> adgilobrivi krebebi.<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis, viTarca saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis<br />
saeklesio organizaciis oficialurad arsebobis Teqvsmeti saukunis manZilze,<br />
mravali kreba unda mowveuliyo. kanonikuri samarTali iTvaliswinebda<br />
weliwadSi ramdenime saeklesio krebis mowvevas, Tumca mas sxvadasxva<br />
Sesabamis konkretul mizezTa gamoc iwvevdnen. miuxedavad mowveul krebaTa
siWarbisa, maT Sesaxeb pirdapiri cnobebi metad mcire raodenobiT SemorCa.<br />
sxvadasxva wyaroTa monacemebze dayrdnobiT, Cven mier SesaZlebeli gaxda 40mde<br />
saqarTveloSi Catarebuli anda qarTuli eklesiisadmi miZRvnili krebis<br />
gamovlena XIX s-mde, xolo XX s-Si Catarebuli krebebis ricxvi aWarbebs 50-s.<br />
isini davyaviT 2 ZiriTad jgufad _ pirvelia krebebi, romelnic iyvnen<br />
mowveulni kanonmdeblobiTi moRvaweobisaTvis anda Seikribnen sagangebod<br />
pirvelxarisxovani sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad da kanonebic gamosces, meore<br />
jgufs ki ganekuTvnebian isini, romelnic ar yofilan mowveulni<br />
kanonmdeblobiTi moRvaweobisaTvis, aramed sxvadasxva mimdinare saeklesio<br />
sakiTxis gadasaWrelad Sedga. Cven vixilavT rogorc pirvelxarisxovan, ise<br />
Cveulebriv krebebs. agreTve, rogorc aRvniSneT, calke jgufad gamovyaviT is<br />
krebebi, romelnic ucxoeTSi iqnen mowveulni <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad, aseve msoflio krebebi, romlebSic qarTveli<br />
episkoposebi monawileobdnen.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> adgilobriv krebebze miRebuli dadgenilebebi savaldebulo<br />
iuridiuli normebis xasiaTis matarebeli iyo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio<br />
cxovrebaSi 3 . iseve, rogorc savaldebulos warmoadgenda msoflio eklesiis<br />
mamaTa ganmartebani, kaTalikos-patriarqTa da moZRvarTa epistoleebi,<br />
samoqalaqo xasiaTis iuridiuli kodeqsebi gamocemuli eklesiis mimarT. isini<br />
mimoxilulia naSromis pirvel nawilSi - saeklesio wyaroTa mimoxilvisas,<br />
naSromis II, ZiriTad nawils TviT adgilobriv krebaTa ganxilva warmoadgens,<br />
III nawili ki eZRvneba saeklesio ierarqiis, diaspora-diptiqis, saeklesio<br />
enisa da sxva sakiTxebs.<br />
problemis Seswavlis mdgomareoba da sakiTxis istoriografia.<br />
samarTlis mecniereba Seswavlis sagans warmoadgenda ZvelTaganve: aTenis,<br />
aleqsandriis, antioqiis, romis da Semdeg konstantinopolis umaRles<br />
skolebSi. aq miiRes iuridiuli ganaTleba wmida basili didma, grigori<br />
RvTismetyvelma, ioane oqropirma, ambrosi mediolanelma. 534 wlamde am<br />
Tavisebur universitetebSi Warbobdnen warmarTi profesorebi, romelTac<br />
imperatorma iustinianem aukrZala leqciebis wakiTxva. skolaTa nawili amis<br />
gamo daixura. universitetebi darCa romsa da konstantinopolSi. am epoqis<br />
bizantiaSi saero da kanonikuri samarTali ar ganirCeoda erTmaneTisagan da<br />
konstantinopolis skolis samarTalmcodneebi makedonelTa dinastiis epoqaSi<br />
monawileobdnen sakanonmdeblo krebulebis: `proqironis~, `epanagogis~ da<br />
`basilikis~ gamocemebSi 4 .<br />
XI s-Si konstantinopolis wm. giorgis eklesiaSi gaixsna pirveli<br />
specialuri iuridiuli skola. misi meTauri atarebda `nomofilaqsis~<br />
(kanonTa damcvelis) tituls. am skolasTanaa dakavSirebuli avtoritetuli<br />
kanonistebis - aleqsi aristines, ioane zonaras da Teodor balsamonis<br />
Sromebi. aristinem da balsamonma, romelnic Tavis dros skolas<br />
xelmZRvanelobdnen kidec nomofilaqsis tituliT, da zonaram Seadgines<br />
vrceli egzegetikuri ganmartebani kanonikuri korpusis mTeli<br />
Sedgenilobisa 5 . konstantinopolis jvarosanTagan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg,<br />
XIV s-Si, bizantiaSi Seadgines cnobili `sintagma~ mRvdel-monazon maTe<br />
blastarisa da `eqvsi wigni~ (`egzabiblosi~) Tesalonikeli nomofilaqsisa,<br />
konstantine armenopulosi.
saqarTveloSi bizantiuri saeklesio samarTlis es bolo monapovrebic ki<br />
cnobili iyo, amas miuTiTebs maTe blastaris `sintagmisa~ da konstantine<br />
armenopulos Sromebis Targmna gamokrebili saxiT samTavisis episkoposis<br />
kviprianes mier vaxtang VI-is dros. mas samTavisis kaTedraze miuRia Txovna<br />
batoniSvil vaxtangisagan qarTulad gadmoeRo blastarisa da armenopulos<br />
naSromebi. am naSromebs hqonda praqtikuli xasiaTi, Targmani sasamarTlo<br />
praqtikaSi gamosayeneblad iyo gansazRvruli.<br />
saqarTveloSi ufro adre, praqtikuli da ara samecniero-kvleviTi mizniT,<br />
SemoqmedebiTi midgomiT iTargmneboda kanonikuri Zeglebi, iqmneboda<br />
sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis krebulebi. esaa _ eqvTime aTonelis `mcire<br />
sjuliskanoni~ da arsen iyalToelis `didi sjuliskanoni~. pirveli<br />
Sedgenili iqna qarTvelTa monasterSi, aTonis wmida mTaze, meore ki, albaT,<br />
gelaTis monasterSi. qarTuli monastrebi _ saswavlo kerebic iyo, rogorc<br />
amJamad uwodeben _ `akademiebi~. albaT maTSi Sesabamis iuridiul ganaTlebas<br />
iRebdnen sasuliero pirebi, yovel SemTxvevaSi, TviT XVIII s-is dasawyisSic ki<br />
samTavisis kaTedraze iseTi ganaTlebuli piris yofna, romelmac `sintagmisa~<br />
da `eqvsi wignis~ gaanalizeba da DSesabamisi muxlebis Targmna SeZlo, unda<br />
adasturebdes zemoTqmul mosazrebas.<br />
1852-1859 wlebSi aTenSi ralisa da potlis redaqciiT gamovida 6-tomiani<br />
`sintagma saRmrTo da wmida wignebisa~. masSi Sedis kanonikuri korpusi - `14titlovani<br />
nomokanoni~, maTe blastaris `sintagma~, aristines, zonaras da<br />
balsamonis ganmartebani, agreTve, bolo drois konstantinopolis<br />
<strong>sapatriarqos</strong>a da saberZneTis samefoSi gamocemuli kanonebi eklesiis Sesaxeb.<br />
saqarTveloSi TiTqmis erTi saukuniT adre msgavsi krebuli Seadgina<br />
`rjulmdebelma~ vaxtang VI-m. krebuli warmoadgens samoqalaqo da saeklesio<br />
samarTlis kodeqss. igi vaxtangma Seadgina domenti kaTalikosisa da grigol<br />
episkoposis TanadgomiT. krebuli, moses samarTlis garda, moicavs e.w.<br />
`siriul-romaul samarTals~, `berZnul samarTals~ (blastarisa da<br />
armenopulos Sromebidan gamonakreb muxlebs), e.w. somxur samarTals (Cans,<br />
istoriuli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samxreT provinciebSi gamosayenebel samarTals),<br />
vaxtangis krebulSi Sedis <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sakanonmdeblo saeklesio krebaTa<br />
mier miRebuli kanonebi - `kaTalikozTa samarTali~, Wulevis krebis mier<br />
damtkicebuli kanonebi - `beqas da aRbuRas samarTali~ `bagrat kurapaltis<br />
samarTali~, giorgi brwyinvales `Zeglis dadeba~ da krebulis bolo nawilia<br />
`samarTali batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~. esaa qarTuli erovnuli samarTlis<br />
yvelaze srulyofili Zegli da marTlmsajulebis ZiriTadi saxelmwifo wigni.<br />
igi gamoiyeneboda XIX s-is 30-ian wlebamde. XIX s-Si Sewyda sakanonmdeblo<br />
Zeglebze muSaoba, radganac <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiam dakarga avtokefalia. XX<br />
s-Si, mxolod aTeistebis batonobis Semdeg, 90-ian wlebSi daarsebul<br />
Tbilisis sasuliero akademiaSi Seudgnen saeklesio samarTlis Seswavlas.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, saeklesio samarTlis disciplinis qarTuli<br />
saxelmZRvanelo, jerjerobiT, ar dawerila. sazogadod, saeklesio samarTals<br />
swavloben universitetebis Sesabamis iuridiul skolebSi. aseTi qarTuli<br />
skola, jerjerobiT, Camoyalibebuli ar aris. saRvTismetyvelo da<br />
samomavlod iuridiul fakultetebze, albaT, saeklesio samarTlis Seswavlis<br />
saqmes yuradReba mieqceva. miuxedavad Sesabamisi samecniero skolebis<br />
ararsebobisa, saqarTveloSi saeklesio samarTals swavlobdnen cnobili<br />
mecnierebi, istorikosebi da filologebi. rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT,
ivane javaxiSvils miaCnda, rom samarTlis mecnierebas, misi specifikurobis<br />
gamo, unda swavlobdes Sesabamisi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone piri -<br />
`samarTlis istorikosi unda iyos erTsa da imave dros iuristica da<br />
filologos istorikosi, rac rasakvirvelia iSviaT SemTxvevas warmoadgens 6 .<br />
albaT saeklesio samarTlis mkvlevari, iuridiulTan erTad, saRvTismetyvelo<br />
ganaTlebis mqone istorikos-filologi unda iyos. qarTuli samarTlis<br />
iuridiuli institutebi da samarTlebrivi debulebebi asaxulia samarTlis<br />
wignebSi, sigel-gujrebsa da CveulebiT samarTalSi.<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, qarTuli samarTlisa da kanonmdeblobis istoriaSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli roli ekuTvnis sjulmdebel mefe-mecniers vaxtang VI-s. man<br />
Seqmna sakodifikacio komisia, Seadgina samarTlis wignTa didi krebuli.<br />
agreTve, Seadgina qarTuli saxelmwifo samarTlis didebuli Zegli<br />
`dasturlamali~. misi mefobis periodi iyo qarTuli sjulmdeblobis<br />
ganaxlebisa da ayvavebis xana.<br />
qarTuli samarTlis istoriis sakiTxebi ganxilulia vaxuSti<br />
batoniSvilis, ioane da daviT batoniSvilebis naSromebSi, romelTac<br />
wyaroTmcodneobiTi mniSvneloba aqvT 7 .<br />
ramdenime mniSvnelovani saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb cnobas gvaZlevs<br />
vaxuSti batoniSvili, kerZod, igi ruis-urbnisis krebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs:<br />
`ganixila mefeman, rameTu saxlni RvTisani quab avazakTa qmnil iyvnen,<br />
mwyemsni _ ara mwyemsni, garna mgelni, amisTvis Sekribna kaTalikozepiskopozni<br />
da samRvdeloni mamulisa Tvisisani da sxua-kerZonica, qmna kreba<br />
q~sa C~rg [1103 w.] qarTulsa t~kg, da TviTca mun mjdomi ara viTarca mefe,<br />
aramed viTarca mona, ganamtkices i~b krebaTa damtkicebuli WeSmariti<br />
sarwmunoeba, uRirsni gankueTnes da daaweses erad, xolo Rirsni saydarTa<br />
maTTa dasxes~ 8 .<br />
vaxuStis cnobiT, ruis-urbnisis kreba Sedga daviT aRmaSeneblis mier<br />
kaxeT-hereTis SemoerTebamde, radganac am krebas eswreboda samRvdeloeba ara<br />
marto mefe daviTis `mamulidan~, aramed `sxva - kerZonica~. mefis `mamulis~<br />
qveS igulisxmeba `afxazTa da qarTvelTa~ samefoebi, `sxva - kerZonis~ qveS ki,<br />
cxadia, kaxeT-hereTisa, Tbilisis da qvemo qarTlis samRvdeloeba. krebis<br />
damTavrebis Semdeg mefem SemoierTa `hereT-kaxeTi~ 1 , amitomac, misi azriT,<br />
ruis-urbnisis kreba Sedga ara 1104 anda 1105 wels, kaxeT-hereTis SemoerTebis<br />
Semdeg, aramed iqamde, aseTia vaxuStis cnoba.<br />
imereTis saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb vaxuSti wers - `JamTa amaT Sina, iqmna<br />
ganteveba colTa, klva kacTa da idumal tyvis yidva da usjuloni sjulsa<br />
zeda mravalni imereTsa Sina. amisaTvis Sekrbnen qarTlisa kaTalikozi<br />
malaqia, afxazTa kaTalikozi evdemon da yovelni episkopozni imereTodiSisani.<br />
xolo episkopozni eseni iyvnen: quTaTeli svimon, genaTeli antoni,<br />
Wyondideli, bedieli, moqveli, drandeli filipe, cagereli kozman, xoneli<br />
zaqaria, nikorwmindeli ioakim, Caiseli kvirile. amaT ganaCines moqmedTa<br />
maTTaTvis jerovani Serisxuani, dawernes da SeaCuenes moqmedni misni, viTarca<br />
gvauwyebs aRwerili maTi~ 9.<br />
ioane bagrationis `sjuldeba~ warmoadgens <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio<br />
samarTlis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovan Zegls, masSi gvxvdeba mosazrebani<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis umaRlesi sammarTvelo organos - `dikasteriis~,
eklesiis meTaur `kaTalikosis~, eklesiebSi `saqveyno saqmeTa gancxadebis~,<br />
qarTvel mefeTagan TavianT kaTedrebze `episkoposTa dasmis~, samxedro `jaris<br />
mRvdelTa~, `samRvdelo wesdebisa~ da sxvaTa Sesaxeb.<br />
i. bagrationis `sjuldebis~ teqstis gamomcemlis, ivane surgulaZis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, es Zegli arasodes yofila `sakanonmdeblo aqti~, imJamindeli<br />
samarTlis wyaro, aramed mxolod proeqts warmoadgenda, romelic avtorma<br />
miarTva mefe giorgi XIII-s, magram, Cveni TvalsazrisiT, mas garkveuli formiT<br />
gavlena mouxdenia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis samarTalze mogvianebiT, kerZod,<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg. Cven vgulisxmobT im garemoebas, rom ioane<br />
batoniSvilis mier dikasteriisaTvis dakisrebuli funqcia da misi<br />
Semadgenloba gvagonebs 1917-1927 wlebSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi moqmed 1917<br />
wlis krebis mier dadgenil `sakaTalikoso sabWos~. saqme isaa, rom<br />
`sjuldebis~ mniSvnelovani nawili daibeWda da gamoqveynda sasuliero<br />
organoSi `mwyemsi~, romelsac d. RambaSiZe redaqtorobda, 1894-1896 wlebSi. igi<br />
am sasuliero JurnalSi uwyvetad, TiTqmis ori wlis manZilze ibeWdeboda<br />
(sul daibeWda 16 nomerSi), rogorc cnobilia, TiTqmis amave epoqaSi daiwyo<br />
avtokefaluri moZraoba, qarTveli samRvdeloeba im dros eZebda momavali<br />
sakaTalikoso eklesiis mmarTvelobis formebs. Cans, am dros momavali<br />
sakaTalikoso sabWos Semadgenlobisa da funqciis gansazRvrisas maTze<br />
zegavlena iqonia i. batoniSvilis sjuldebis qveTavma `samRvdelo wesdeba~,<br />
romelSic paragrafia saTauriT: `dikasteriisa anu sasuliero<br />
wesdebisaTvis~ 10 . dikasteria asea ganmartebuli - `dikasteria (anu sasuliero<br />
samarTali), anu saeklesio saqmeebi. sakurTxi mRvdelni, arqimandritni,<br />
episkoposni iyos gamorCeviT dikasteriis wevrTagan. dikasteriis wevrni iyvnen<br />
Semdegni: 1. kaTalikosi; 2. tfileli; 3. ori arqimandriti; 4. ori dekanozi; 5.<br />
mefis moZRvari; 6. mefisagan miCenili Tavadi (sasulieros mTavari); 7. samni<br />
anu orni mweralni. ese yovelni Sekrbebodnen kviraSi orjer orSabaTs da<br />
paraskevs da yovelni sasuliero saqme da samarTali amaT mier<br />
ganixilebodes~ 11 . i. batoniSvilis dikasteria 10-12 wevrisagan Sedgeba. 1917<br />
wlis `eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis~ mixedviT `sakaTalikoso sabWo~<br />
Sedgeba 12 wevrisagan, maT Soris pirveli kaTalikosi iyo. sabWos igive<br />
funqcia eniWeboda, rac dikasterias. `sabWos dadgenilebani savaldebuloa<br />
yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da eklesiis wevrTaTvis ($8), igive funqcia<br />
aqvs `dikasterias~ - `yoveli sasuliero saqme da samarTali~ mas ekuTvnis.<br />
iv.surgulaZe dikasterias ase ganmartavs - `kolegialuri xasiaTis<br />
sasuliero dawesebuleba administraciuli da sasamarTlo funqciebiT~ 12 .<br />
`kalmasobaSi~ i. bagrationi dikasteriis Sesaxeb wers - `dikasteria ars<br />
berZnuli sityva, romelic niSnavs upirveles samsajulsa da samsajulTa<br />
SesakrebelTa adgilTa~ 13 . rusuli eklesiis mmarTvelobis Sesabamisad, es<br />
dawesebuleba anton II-is mmarTvelobis bolo wlebSi qarTlis<br />
sakaTalikosoSic dainerga, arsebobda egzarqosobis pirvel xanaSic.<br />
i.batoniSvilis `dikasteriac~ emsgavseba rusul saeklesio mmarTvelobis<br />
formas. magaliTad, dikasteriis wevri e.w. `mefisagan miCenuli Tavadi<br />
(sasuliero mTavari)~ igivea, rac rusul uwmides sinodSi saimperatoro<br />
xelisuflebis mier daniSnuli oberprokurori. am `sjuldebiT~ kaTalikosis<br />
funqcia SezRudulia dikasteriis mier, es ukanaskneli eklesiis faqtobrivi<br />
mmarTvelia. mefisagan `miCenili sasuliero mTavari~ saero xelisufalia,
omelic kontrols uwevs sasuliero xelisuflebas, mis xelSia sasuliero<br />
ganaTlebis saqmec kaTalikosTan erTad. proeqtis mixedviT, qarTul<br />
saxelmwifoSi grigorianuli da kaTolikuri eklesiebisaTvis da mahmadianebisaTvisac<br />
unda Camoyalibebuliyo Sesabamisi dikasteriebi. ioane<br />
batoniSvilisaTvis, iseve, rogorc mamamisisaTvis giorgi XIII-isa da papisaTvis<br />
(erekle II-isaTvis) rusuli saxelmwifoebrivi wyobileba misabaZ magaliTs<br />
warmoadgenda. ioanec cdilobs mis gadmonergvas saqarTveloSi, adgilobriv<br />
wyobilebasTan mis SeTavsebas. ruseTSi 1721 w. petre pirvelma gaauqma<br />
patriarqoba. saqarTveloSi kaTalikosobis instituti ise Zlieri iyo, rom<br />
TviT proeqtSic ki mas batoniSvili ver Seexo, Tumca, rogorc aRiniSna, misi<br />
Zalaufleba SezRuda. misi azriT, `kaTalikosi Rirsebisamebr da ara mefis<br />
ZeobiT ikurTxebodes kaTalikosad, vinc iyos mecnier da patiosani~ 14 . Tu<br />
iqamde kaTalikosis xelSi iyo eklesiis mTeli Semosaval-gasavali, proeqtiT<br />
mas daeniSna xelfasi wliurad 250 Tumani vercxlis fuli, garda amisa, mas<br />
sakaTalikosos Semosavlidan unda miscemoda mudmivad `eqvsi sulisa<br />
sadilisa da vaxSmisa xoragi~. kaTalikosis mudmiv damxare TanamSromlad<br />
iniSnebodnen - `ori arqimandriti, eqvsi mRvdel-monazoni, oTxi mTavardiakoni,<br />
ori diaCoqi (kerZo diakoni) lamprisa da kverTxis mWerali, ori moJamne, erTi<br />
xelis dambani, erTi mwignobari, rva mgalobeli~, amaT garda `Semosavlebis<br />
mcvelni da eklesiis nivTebis mcvelni, erTi ikonomosi da saWmlis rigis<br />
mimcemi… ori mwerali, ori mzareuli, ori mepure, oTxi yuluxCi (mcveli<br />
mxlebeli), oTxi fareSi, ori mekare da ezos mgveli, erTi eklesiis damgveli,<br />
sami mejinibe da ezos mejore da ise xuTi mosamsaxure~ 15 . maTTvis kaTalikoss<br />
`sakaTalikoso Semosavlidan~ miecemoda Sesabamisi `xoragi~ da saxarjo.<br />
`odes mefes an sxvaT miiwvevs kaTalikosi, maSin Semosavlidam aqvs neba<br />
daxarjos weliwadSi oTxgzis stumrobisaTvis~ da sxva msgavsi<br />
gansazRvrebani gvxvdeba sjuldebaSi.<br />
asevea gansazRvruli episkoposTa xarjebic, kerZod, mTavarepiskoposebs:<br />
alaverdels, bodbels, mrovels da nekresels eZlevaT TanamSromlad `TiTo<br />
arqimandriti, oTx-oTxi mRvdelmonazoni an mRvdeli, or-ori mTavardiakvani,<br />
sam-sami mgalobeli, or-ori moJame mwignobari, orni diakonni, sam-sami msaxuri,<br />
erTi mzareuli, erTi mepure, ori fareSi anu karis mcveli da damgveli, TiTo<br />
mejinibe, sami mosamsaxure. maT eZlevaT `jamagiri TeTrad~ da `ulufa<br />
eklesiidam~. sxva episkoposebsac msgavsadve odnav Semcirebuli<br />
TanamSromlebi eZlevaT. amis garda, maT xelSia `kondakiT naSovni~ anu<br />
sxvadasxva wesis SesrulebisaTvis miRebuli Semosavali `saimtverio da<br />
sawiravi TviT moixmaron~ 16 . XX s-Si gardacvlilis WirisuflebisaTvis<br />
mezobel-naTesavTa mier mitanil Sesawevar fuls `gadasaxuravi~ erqva<br />
(imereTSi), rogorc Cans, imave mniSvnelobisaa `wasaxuravi~ sjuldebaSi. mefis<br />
gardacvalebis dros `episkoposni wasaxuravs nurRa miarTmeven mefeTa,… nuca<br />
saimtveriosa aRiReben amisTvis, radgan mefeTa arian dasmulni episkoposad da<br />
samRvdelod ganwesebulni~ 17 .<br />
aq sainteresoa is, rom saepiskoposo kaTedrebze episkoposebi Zvel<br />
saqarTveloSi `daismebodnen mefeTa mier~. kaTedra mefis iyo. rogorc sxva<br />
sabuTebidan Cans, mitropolitis da sxva msgavs wodebasac mefe iZleoda.<br />
rusuli wesdebis mixedviT nakurTx episkoposs kaTedras mefe aZlevda –
`Избранному лицу объявляется Высочаишее повеление о бытии ему епископом таком-то<br />
града~ 18 .<br />
ganvixiloT `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~ (teqsti gamosca da<br />
gamokvleva daurTo daviT furcelaZem, Tb., 1964). qarTl-kaxeTis bolo mefis,<br />
giorgi XII-is brZanebiT, mis vaJs, daviT batoniSvils moqmedi samarTlis<br />
mosawesrigeblad daevala Seedgina samarTlis wigni, romelic wodebulia<br />
viTarca `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~. esaa XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnaze<br />
Sedgenili Zegli, Sedgenili imdroindeli rusuli samarTlis Zeglebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
daviT batoniSvilis samarTali <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisa sasuliero pirebis<br />
mimarT moiTxovs pativiscemas, rasac Sesabamisad asabuTebs kidec, kerZod 149-e<br />
muxlSi naTqvamia - `qveyana Cveni Soris warmarTTa ars mdebare,<br />
romlisaTvisca xams yovelTa samRvdeloTa pativiscemaБ~ 19 ; batoniSvili<br />
daviTi iyo eklesiisa da sarwmunoebis moyvaruli, keTilmorwmune. zrunavda<br />
eklesiis gaZlierebisa da ayvavebisaTvis, rac aisaxa kidec misi samarTlis<br />
muxlebSi. mease muxlSi naTqvamia: `eklesia aris gvirgvini mefisa da dideba<br />
da wyaro yovlisa bednierebisa, da gaaxlebuli kacisa RvTisa Tana, da<br />
mpoebeli bednierebisa viTarca dausrulebelsa mas saukunesa, egreTve<br />
dasrulebadsaca amas, amisaTvis xams, romel mefeTagan da erTa iyos<br />
pativcemul da didebul~ 20 .<br />
eklesia bednierebis wyaroa, rogorc am wuTisofelSi (`dasrulebadsa amas<br />
saukunesa~), ise im qveynad. daviTi wuxs, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia TiTqmis<br />
`dacemisadmi miwevnul ars~ imis gamo, rom `arca mefeTa, arca TavadTa,<br />
aznaurTa da glexTa aqunda misadmi zrunva~, ufro metic, ersa Tu bers mis<br />
mimarT guli gagrilebuli aqvs, amitomac arian kidec damdablebuldaglaxakebulni,<br />
TviT meurveebi Zarcvavdnen (`krexden~) eklesiebs da<br />
saeklesio qonebas aZlevdnen TavianT naTesavebsa da aznaurebs. amis<br />
mxilvelio, wers batoniSvili daviTi, `aRvityine SuriTa~ (e.i. vinebe), raTa<br />
samociqulos wesdebis msgavsad Semedgina saeklesio wesdeba, raTa eklesia<br />
daubrundes Tavis Zvel didebas, rogorc hqonda Cveni winaprebis droso.<br />
daviTi miiCnevs, rom episkoposTa raodenoba unda Semcirdes, radganac<br />
maTi siWarbe aglaxakebs eklesias. saqarTveloSi mravali episkoposia, wers<br />
daviTi, magram maT ara hyavT imdeni mrevli, ramdenic episkoposebs unda<br />
hyavdeT saerTod. `ese ars pirveli mizezi daglaxakebisa eklesiisa~ imis gamo,<br />
rom maT gasavals Semosavali ver eTanxmeba, `ara Sesworebis~, xolo Tu<br />
episkoposi daglaxakda (e.i. gaRaribda), es ar ekadreba mis xarisxsa da<br />
Rirsebas, Tu Tavisi Rirsebis Sesabamisad moiqceva, misi Semosavali amas ver<br />
gawvdeba, amitomac gadavwyviteT, rom saqarTveloSi (gulisxmobs qarTlkaxeTs)<br />
sul oTxi episkoposi eyolebaT, maT gauCndebaT ufro meti samwyso da<br />
TavianTi xarisxis Sesabamisad moiqcevian, maTi movaleoba aris qadageba<br />
saxarebisa, warmarTTa moqceva, radganac isini arian eris moZRvarTa Tavni21 .<br />
sxvaTaSoris, TiTqmis saukunis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrates<br />
piriqiT miaCnda, rom saqarTveloSi episkoposTa ricxvi usaTuod unda<br />
gazrdiliyo, raTa maTi swavleba da madli mrevlamde misuliyo22 . marTlac,<br />
XIX s-Si <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta gauqmebam mZime sarwmunoebrivi Sedegi gamoiRo23 .
daviT batoniSvilis Tanaxmad, `pirveli episkoposi~ TbilisSi unda iyos,<br />
mas mitropolitis wodeba eqneba, viTarca dedaqalaqis mRvdelmTavars. misi<br />
samwyso aris mcxeTamde diRomi, Tbilisis garemoni, walka-TrialeTi, qvemo<br />
qarTli, kaxeTis nawili. meore episkoposi arqiepiskoposis wodebiT bodbeli<br />
unda iyos, mis samwysoSi Seva gaRmarTi da gamoRmarTi kaxeTi, e.i.<br />
alaznisiqiTa mxare (gaRmarTi) kaxeTi, anu dRevandeli saingilo da<br />
alaznisaqeTa teritoria. mesame iwodeba gorisa da mcxeTis, anu qarTlis<br />
episkoposad. misi samwyso mTeli qarTlia samaCablomde. meoTxe episkoposi<br />
`ars mTebisa: didisa liaxvisa, patarisa, qsanisa, aragvisa, TuSisa, fSavisa da<br />
xevsureTisa da eseve ars xarWaSnelica~ 24 .<br />
daviT batoniSvilis samarTali CvenTvis imiTaa saintereso, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta ricxvis<br />
Secirebisa da axali eparqiebis ricxvis gansazRvris dros, rogorc Cans,<br />
ruseTis saeklesio da saxelmwifo xelisuflebas usargeblia daviT<br />
batoniSvilis samarTlis wignis aRniSnuli mease muxliT. rogorc cnobilia,<br />
rusulma xelisuflebam aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi erT periodSi marTlac<br />
oTxi saepiskoposo daarsa. rusebma erT periodSi marTlac daarses `mTis<br />
<strong>eparqia</strong>~ daviTis zemoaRniSnuli muxlis Sesabamisad, masSi Seiyvanes<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mTianeTis mosaxleoba, oRond rusebma mas ratomRac `oseTis<br />
<strong>eparqia</strong>~ uwodes. masSi aragvis xeobac Sedioda. amasTanave, rusebi gamudmebiT<br />
unergavdnen am eparqiis mrevls, rom isini eTnikurad osebi iyvnen (es sakiTxi<br />
sxvagan gvaqvs ganxiluli).<br />
amasTanave, daviTi miiCnevs, rom arqimandritebis ricxvic oTxiT unda<br />
ganisazRvros, maTi Semosavali mefis xazinaSi unda Sevides, saidanac miecemaT<br />
`jamagiri sakmao~, gauqmebuli saepiskoposoebis Semosavali `daidvas<br />
SkolaTaTvis da saswavloTa da stambisaTvis~.<br />
batoniSvil daviTs surda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris<br />
damyarebuliyo iseTive damokidebuleba, rogoric iyo imJamindel ruseTSi.<br />
kerZod, eklesiis mmarTvelobiT organod moiazrebs dikasterias. imave mease<br />
muxlis Tanaxmad, `upirvelesi dikasteria, romlisa mierca imarTebis<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sasuliero jer-ars ese tfilissa Sina yofad~ 25 .<br />
dikasteria Sedgeboda zemoaRniSnuli 4 mRvdelmTavrisagan (erTi<br />
mitropoliti da sami episkoposi). amasTanave, mitropoliti mudmivi wevria,<br />
xolo sxva episkoposebi oTx-oTxi TviT asruleben wevris movaleobas<br />
dikasteriisa. maT garda dikasteriis wevrebi arian karis moZRvari, mefis<br />
moZRvari, karis dekanozi da sionis dekanozi. am ukanasknelis Secvla SeuZlia<br />
romelime sxva `swavlul da Rirs~ mRvdels.<br />
dikasterias unda hyavdes erTi prokurori mefisa. igi ucxadebs<br />
dikasterias `mefis brZanebas~. es prokurori dikasteriis wevrebis<br />
meTvalyurea (`mWvreteli~), raTa raime sakiTxi ukanonod ar gadawydes.<br />
dikasteriaSi yoveli saqme unda gadawydes `sjulis kanoniTa, dadebuliTa<br />
wmidaTa mamaTaTa, raica ara ipoebodes mun, ixmaron aRsavsebelad kanoni<br />
berZenTa mefeTani 26 , e.i. e.w. `samarTali berZuli~, an `kanoniTa Cemgan<br />
dadebuliTa~ - wers daviT batoniSvili. misive azriT `kerZo dikasteria~ unda<br />
arsebobdes eparqiebSi episkoposis karze. misi wevrebi arian iqauri<br />
arqimandriti da eparqiis pirveli dekanozi. daviTis azriT, eklesiaSi<br />
sasuliero pirebis (e.i. `moweseTa~) ricxvi didi ar unda iyos, radganac maTi
simravle iwvevs `friadsa mwirobasa~ (e.i. siRaribes). dikasteria ikribeba<br />
oTxSabaT-paraskevs.<br />
monofizitebisaTvis (somxuri eklesiis mrevlisaTvisac) unda arsebobdes<br />
e.w. `somxis dikasteria~. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefes gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba<br />
aqvs axpatis somxuri saepiskoposos mimarT. es <strong>eparqia</strong> teritoriulad<br />
mdebareobda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifoSi, amitomac `axpatis monasteri ars<br />
mefisa da mamulica imisi – mefisa~, mis mimarT eCmiawinis kaTalikoss `ara<br />
aqus araraime samarTali~. axpatis episkoposs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefe akurTxebinebs<br />
kaTalikoss eCmiawinisas. am episkoposs mefe gamoirCevs da Semdeg mis<br />
kurTxevas Txovs kaTalikoss 27 .<br />
sazogadod, somexi mRvdlis kurTxevis nebarTvac mefem unda misces,<br />
radganac Tu `pirveli moqalaqeni da vaWarni~ miatoveben Tavis saqmes (e.i.<br />
vaWrobas) da xucesad ekurTxebian, amiT samefos Semosavali moakldeba 28 .<br />
Tu SevadarebT, daviT batoniSvili winaaRmdegia ara marto qarTveli (e.i.<br />
marTlmadidebeli) samRvdeloebis gamravlebisa, aseve winaaRmdegia somexi (e.i.<br />
monofiziti) samRvdeloebis gamravlebisa, radganac `amiT isini miatoveben<br />
vaWrobas, rac saxelmwifos Semosavlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa~.<br />
aqedan Cans, rom xelmwifis kars qveyanaSi somxuri mosaxleobis yofna<br />
sasargeblod miaCnia. amiT unda iyos gamowveuli erT-erTi kanoni, romelic<br />
nebas rTavs marTlmadidebelTa, monofizitTa da kaTolikeTa (qarTvelTa,<br />
somexTa da frangTa) SeuRlebas - `Tvinier yovlisa winaaRmdegobisa~ 28 .<br />
mahmadianTa meCeTebic mefis prokuroris meTvalyureobis qveS imyofeba.<br />
daviTi qarTuli eklesiis sakuTrebas mkveTrad mijnavs saxelmwifo<br />
sakuTrebisagan. amiTaa gamowveuli arsi me-17 muxlisa. kanoni ukrZalavs<br />
martoxelas berad Sedgomisas Tavisi miwa-wylis eklesiisaTvis gadacemas.<br />
miiCneva, rom mamuli mefisaa, xolo eklesiisaTvis Sewirvis Semdeg – ukve<br />
aRar iqneba mefisa. `nu ikadrebs yovladisa mamulisa Tvisisa eklesiisadmi<br />
Sewirvasa, romelica ese ars mefisa, raTa ara waruwydes samefosa da<br />
sazogadoebasa~ 29 .<br />
saerTod, rogorc daviT batoniSvilis samarTlidan Cans, misi drois<br />
samefo karis (XVIII s. bolo wlebSi) pirveli piri mzad iyo gaeuqmebina<br />
kaTalikos-patriarqis Tanamdebobac ki (mis dikasteriaSi ar Cans qarTuli<br />
eklesiis tradiciuli pirveli ierarqi), oRondac rogorme qarTuli<br />
samarTali damsgavseboda rusuls. xolo es ukanaskneli, e.i. rusuli<br />
samarTali, Cans, ruseTis imperiis warmatebis erT-erT safuZvlad miiCneoda.<br />
faqtobrivad ki daviTma instruqcia `moumzada~ ruseTis xelisuflebasa da<br />
sinods qarTuli eklesiis tradiciuli iersaxis Sesacvlelad.<br />
Zvel saqarTveloSi, rogorc sjuldebidan Cans, iyo `samxedros jaris<br />
mRvdelTa ufrosis~ Tanamdeboba, e.i. samxedro mRvdlebic. maT imdenad didi<br />
mniSvneloba eniWebodaT, rom `jaris mRvdelTa ufrosi~ dikasteriis sxdomebs<br />
eswreboda da eqvemdebareboda `sulier mTavars~, anu mefis warmomadgnels<br />
dikasteriaSi.<br />
aleqsandre amilaxvarma (1750-1802) Tavis TxzulebaSi `brZeni<br />
aRmosavleTisa, anu saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis mowyobis misi gansazRvra~<br />
meoTxe Tavi miuZRvna `saeklesio wesebs~. misi TvalsazrisiT, `saeklesio<br />
wesebi~ dasabamiTve keTili ganzraxviT iqna SemoRebuli, raTa adamianTa<br />
boroteba SeezRuda da daemSvidebina~ 30 . am Tavs aleqsandre amilaxvari
amTavrebs mosazrebiT, rom mRvdelmTavrebi `am qveynis meurveebad arian<br />
dadginebulni~, amitomac maT Sesabamisi pativi unda mivagoT, amasTanave, unda<br />
gavarCioT isini (samRvdeloeba) am qveynis Cveulebrivi xalxisagan (`sofluri<br />
kacebisagan~), isini ar unda ereodnen im saqmeebSi, romelnic maT ar<br />
SeeferebaT. aleqsandre amilaxvari gamoTqvams wuxils, rom qristes<br />
moZRvrebis da misi cxovrebis zogierTi gamgrZelebeli (e.i. zogierTi<br />
samRvdelo piri) simSvidis nacvlad, SfoTs Tesavs, ara marto Tavis qveyanaSi,<br />
aramed mTel qveyanaze (e.i. msoflioSi): `qriste siRaribeSi cxovrobda misi<br />
(moZRvrebis) gamgrZelebelT ki mefobaze rCebaT Tvali. qriste<br />
erTmaneTisaTvis locvas gvaswavlida, eseni ki erTmaneTs SeaCveneben...<br />
marTlac erTi eklesia meores SeaCvenebs~ 31 . aleqsandre amilaxvari askvnis,<br />
rom miviRoT rCeva - `ar SevaviwrovoT sxva sarwmunoebis mimdevarni da neba<br />
davrToT, Tavisi rjulis Sesabamisad ilocon~ 31 , magram maT, e.i. sxva<br />
sarwmunoebis mqone xalxsa da eklesias unda davudoT garkveuli zRvari,<br />
romelsac aRar gadavlen, radganac qveyanaze araferia usazRvro da arafris<br />
keTeba ar gamodgeba uzomod~ 31 . aleqsandre amilaxvari specialistebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT imJamindeli evropeli moazrovneebis mimdevaria da maTgan<br />
gadmoaqvs qarTul sinamdvileSi zogierTi Tvalsazrisi. Tumca ki is<br />
warmoadgens Rrmad morwmune qristians da wers kidec, rom RmerTi, Semoqmedi<br />
yvelaze maRalia, Cven mis winaSe yvelani Tanasworni varT, igi gvexmareba, rom<br />
Cveni amqveyniuri sicocxlis dReni mSvidobiT ganvvloT, xolo imqveyniuri,<br />
anu saukunovani cxovrebis dros ufali RmerTis winaSe warvdgeT<br />
`arawinaaRmdegobiT aRsavseni~ 32 . samwuxarod, aleqsandre amilaxvris meore<br />
naSromidan `georgianuli istoria~ Cans, rom misi avtori sinamdvileSi<br />
warmoadgens separatistuli Tvalsazrisis mqone adamians, romelic<br />
ewinaaRmdegeba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> erTianobis ideas. misi azriT, mefe Teimuraz II<br />
mxolod kaxeTis mefea da qarTlis samefos amklebi 33 , romelic qarTlis<br />
samefo taxts `ukanonod, mimZlavrebiT daepatrona~. qarTlis taxtis<br />
memkvidreebi SeiZleba ufro amilaxvarTa sagvareulo iyos, vidre kaxeTis<br />
bagrationebi 34 .<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio samarTlis pirvel mkvlevarad iTvleba nikoloz<br />
Tadeozis Ze xizanaSvili, niko urbneli (20.09.1851, sof. maRladovleTi, goris<br />
mazra - 28.12.1906, Tbilisi), qarTveli mecnieri, iuristi, istorikosi,<br />
eTnografi, publicisti, literaturis kritikosi. 1870 wels daamTavra<br />
Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria, 1876 wels novorosiis universitetis (odesa)<br />
iuridiuli fakulteti, muSaobda gamomZieblad. xizanaSvilis samecniero<br />
moRvaweobis mTavari dargi qarTuli samarTlis istoria iyo. am dargis<br />
specialobiTi kvleva-Zieba pirvelad xizanaSvilma daiwyo. Zveli qarTuli<br />
samarTlis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnil monografiebs Soris<br />
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia misi ori naSromi: `aTabagi beqa da aRbuRa da maTi<br />
samarTali~ da `Zeglisdeba mefe giorgi brwyinvalesi~. xizanaSvilma<br />
safuZvlianad Seiswavla qarTuli samarTali da ostaturad gamoiyena igi<br />
sakanonmdeblo ZeglebiT gaTvaliswinebuli institutebis gamosakvlevad.<br />
xizanaSvilis iuridiul naSromebs fuZemdebluri mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli<br />
samarTlis istoriis mecnierebisaTvis. xizanaSvils ekuTvnis mravalmxriv<br />
saintereso publicisturi werilebi, misi naSromebidan saeklesio samarTali
Sesulia TxzulebebSi: 1. eTnografiuli nawerebi, Tb., 1940 (masalebi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eTnografiisaTvis); 2. rCeuli iuridiuli nawerebi (i.doliZis<br />
gamocema, Tb., 1982).<br />
n. urbnelma Seiswavla ruis-urbnisis kreba da miiCnia qarTuli samarTlis<br />
saukeTeso Zeglad 35 , agreTve, 1543-49 w.w. krebis, e.w. `kaTalikozTa<br />
samarTali~ 36 .<br />
qarTuli samarTlisa da, kerZod, saeklesio samarTlis udidesi<br />
mkvlevaria didi ivane javaxiSvili. iv. javaxiSvilma gamoaqveyna Sesabamisi<br />
Sromebi: 1. `socialuri brZolisa da demokratiuli reformebis Sesaxeb IX-XI<br />
saukuneebis qarTul eklesiaSi~, 1904 w. rusul enaze 37 ; 2. `saxelmwifo<br />
wyobileba Zvel <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a da Zvel somxeTSi~, 1905; 3. `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefe<br />
da misi uflebis istoria~ 38 ; 4. `zneobrivi moZRvrebis istoria~ 39 (exeba<br />
samonastro cxovrebas); 5. `qarTuli samarTlis istoria~ (wigni I, 1919,<br />
quTaisi); 6. `qarTuli samarTlis istoria~ (wigni I da wigni II, 1928).<br />
iv. javaxiSvilis `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis~ pirvel wignSi Sesabamisi<br />
siRrmiT aris ganxiluli `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> adgilobrivi krebebis Zeglebi~.<br />
adgilobriv krebebs iv. javaxiSvili or jgufad yofs. pirvel wignSi Sedis<br />
krebebi, romelnic gankuTvnili ar yofila kanonmdeblobiTi<br />
moRvaweobisaTvis, aramed moiwvies saeklesio kanoniT dawesebuli normis<br />
Sesabamisad, meoreSi ki aTavsebs kanonmdebel krebebs, romelnic<br />
pirvelxarisxovani sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad iqna mowveuli 40 .<br />
iv. javaxiSvili darwmunebulia, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
organizaciulad CamoyalibebisTanave, anu `TviTmwysobis pirvelad SemoRebis~<br />
Semdegve, Catarda mravali adilobrivi kreba, magram Sesabamisi dadgenilebani<br />
Cvenamde ar aris moRweuli, rogorc, magaliTad, javaxeTis IX s-is Sua wlebSi<br />
Sekrebili krebis Sesaxeb giorgi merCules mier Semonaxuli cnoba, `Rrtilas<br />
krebis~ Sesaxeb bagrat mefis sigelSi da sxv. ivane javaxiSvili daaskvnis -<br />
`ramdeni namdvili saeklesio kreba yofila saqarTveloSi, rom maTi kvali am<br />
Jamad an gamqrala, an jer aRmoCenili ar aris~ 41 . ivane javaxiSvili<br />
gamowvlilviT mimoixilavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> 4 saeklesio krebas, romelTa<br />
Sesaxebac meti cnobebi iqna Semonaxuli. esenia - 1. ruis-urbnisis kreba; 2.<br />
`1263 w. axlo drois <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebis moxseneba da<br />
dadgenileba~; 3. `samarTali kaTalikozTa da krebisa mier~; 4. `1767-8 w.<br />
ganCineba~.<br />
ivane javaxiSvils miaCnia, rom ruis-urbnisis kreba Sedga 1103 wels. igi<br />
`Semokrba brZanebiTa mefisa~, Tumca kreba `RvTiv-Sekrebilad~ aris<br />
gamocxadebuli. krebis mowvevis Taosnoba daviT aRmaSenebels ekuTvnis, rasac<br />
arsen monazoni krebis saxeliT daweril `samadlobel qeba-didebaSi~<br />
aRniSnavs. kreba winaswar ganzraxuli mizniTa da gegmis gansaxorcieleblad<br />
yofila mowveuli da igi sagangebo yriloba iyo 42 . krebis mizani `saeklesio<br />
weswyobilebis, samRvdelmsaxuro wesebis da mrevlis zne-CveulebaTa da<br />
DSecodebulebis ganmarTva da mowesrigeba yofila~ 42 . kreba ruis-urbnisis<br />
maxloblad, jerovan adgilas, mravali dRis manZilze grZeldeboda,<br />
episkoposTa, mRvdelTa, diakonTa, monazonTa, dayudebulTa da meudabnoeTa<br />
monawileobiT. mefes mouwvevia `eri mravalni~, `mecnierni~. sarwmunoebrivi<br />
sakiTxi krebas ar miuCnevia ganxilvis sagnad, radganac saqarTveloSi daculi
sarwmunoeba ubiwo iyo `ara Tu ubiwoebasa qarTvelTa sarwmunoebasa biwi<br />
raime Sehxeboda~. krebas ioane kaTalikosi Tavmjdomareobda, romlis tituli<br />
iyo - `yovlad Rirsi mTavarepiskoposi da yovlisa saqarTveloisa didi<br />
mamamTavari~. mamamTavari igivea, rac patriarqi. `Tvali wmidisa amis krebisa~<br />
yofila giorgi monazoni da mwignobarTuxucesi. krebis mdivani, ivane<br />
javaxiSvilis sityviT, yofila arsen monazoni 43 . misive azriT, ruis-urbnisis<br />
krebis Zegliswera oTxi mTavari nawilisagan Sedgeba (I nawili - Sesavali, II -<br />
dadgenileba krebisa, III - daviT aRmaSeneblisadmi miZRvnili saqebeli, misi<br />
saTauria `mefe daviTs monazoni arseni~, IV nawili - mravalJamieri cocxali<br />
moRvaweebisa da micvalebulTaTvis saukuno xseneba 44 . I nawilSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
pirvelgzisi da meoregzisi gaqristianebisa da qarTuli eklesiis dafuZnebis<br />
Sesaxebaa saubari efrem mciris mier Seqmnili koncefciis mixedviT. mas<br />
mosdevs saeklesio kanonmdeblobisa da samarTlis Zeglebis aRnusxva,<br />
bunebiTi da dawerili samarTlis ganviTarebis mimoxilva.<br />
ruis-urbnisis krebis kanonebi T. Jordanias dauyvia 15 muxlad, iv.<br />
javaxiSvili ki mas 17 muxlad yofs.<br />
meore saeklesio kreba, romelsac iv. javaxiSvili ganixilavs, Semdgara<br />
1263 wlis axlo dros. g. gozaliSvilma aRmoaCina krebis mefisadmi mimarTvis<br />
ara dedani, aramed samuSao piri, savaraudod, XIII saukunisa. iv. javaxiSvilis<br />
azriT, saeklesio miwebis gacema, romlis winaaRmdegac iyo mimarTuli kreba,<br />
laSa giorgis Zis mefe daviTis sibaze siarulis Semdgom daiwyo, e.i. 1263<br />
wels, am saqmeSi basili Wyondidel-ujarmels miuRia monawileoba. igi<br />
gandidebula, mbrZaneblad qceula mefis sibaze siarulisas 45 .<br />
mesame kreba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisa, romelsac ganixilavs iv. javaxiSvili,<br />
Semdgara 1543-49 wlisaTvis. es Zegli Seuswavlia n. urbnels monografiiT<br />
`Cveni saeklesio istoriidan. samarTali kaTalikozisa~ 46 . iv. javaxiSvili<br />
aRniSnavs, rom `kaTalikozTa samarTlis~ wigni vaxtang VI-is krebulSi 23<br />
paragrafs Seicavs da daTariReba krebisa daudgenlad miaCnia. vaxuSti<br />
batoniSvili krebis mowvevas aTariRebs XVII s-is dasawyisiT, m. brose XVI sis<br />
70-iani wlebiT, s. kakabaZe 1544-62 wlebiT. k.kekeliZe 1543-49 wlebiT, rasac<br />
ufro eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvili. misi azriT, Tavdapirvelad krebis kanonebi<br />
mTavrdeboda 22-e muxliT, Semdeg mas daurTes 23-e muxli, anda teqstis<br />
mermindel gadamwers SecdomiT gamotovebuli muxli bolos miuweria. Zeglis<br />
kanonebi dalagebulia Sinaarsis mixedviT, misi teqsti pirvandeli<br />
saxiTYSenaxuli ar aris. Semdegdroindeli danarTi unda iyos krebis<br />
monawileTa xelrTvis Semdeg moTavsebuli muxli, romelic Seexeba `colis<br />
ubralod damagdebs~, romelsac aqvs xalxuri zne-Cveulebisa da uflebrivi<br />
azrovnebis gavlena 47 . `kaTalikozTa samarTlis~ Zeglis Semdgenlebi cdilan<br />
Zeglis Sinaarsi sistemurad daelagebinaT. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikos-patriarqi<br />
am krebaSi monawileobda viTarca qarTuli eklesiis uzenaesi saWeTmpyrobeli,<br />
magram kreba dasavleT saqarTveloSi gaimarTa. Zegli 1913 wels gamosca s.<br />
kakabaZem. `kaTalikozTa samarTlis wigni XVI s. dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
uflebrivi da socialuri mdgomareobis Sesaswavlad mniSvnelovani Zeglia~ 48 .<br />
meoTxe kreba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisa, romelsac ganixilavs iv.<br />
javaxiSvili, warmoadgens 1767-68 wlebis krebis ganCinebas, romelic 1768 wels<br />
daumtkicebiaT erekle mefesa da anton kaTalikozs. es ganCineba yovel
episkoposs unda waekiTxa Tavisi samwysos saydrebSi, Sedgeba 13 muxlisagan,<br />
gamosca T. Jordaniam. kreba saeklesio sakiTxebis garda, zogierTi arajansaRi<br />
xalxuri wesis da sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis aRmosafxvreladaa<br />
gamiznuli.<br />
qarTul saeklesio samarTls mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs, Tumca mis<br />
Seswavlas mxolod XX s-is dasawyisSi Cauyara safuZveli ivane javaxiSvilma.<br />
man gamoikvlia, rom qarTul eklesias ZvelTaganve hqonda Tavisi sasamarTlo,<br />
Tavisi ekonomikuri politika, hyavda sakuTari jari, Tavisi ymebi, amasTanave,<br />
rac CvenTvis sainteresoa, `moepoveboda saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis wesebze<br />
mowyobili moxeleoba, da amitom bevris mxriT saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis<br />
Tvisebebi etyoboda... am mxriv qarTuli saeklesio samarTali romis<br />
kaTolikeTa eklesiis `Corpus iuris canonici~-s ufro miagavs, vidre berZenTa da<br />
rusTa saeklesio samarTals. aseve, msgavsad amisa, qarTuli eklesia Tavis<br />
wes-wyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis saSualo saukuneebis eklesias<br />
miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da rusTa eklesiebs~ 49 .<br />
ivane javaxiSvili garkveviT wers, rom sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobiT<br />
qarTuli eklesia mudamJams marTlmadidebluri iyo da `erTmorwmune~, anu<br />
Tanamorwmune berZnuli da rusuli eklesiebisa, amitomac mis saeklesio<br />
samarTals safuZvlad edo msoflio eklesiis Sesabamisi samarTali,<br />
dadgenilni msoflio krebebisa da sxva samarTlebrivi institutebis mier,<br />
magram igi (<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia), viTarca `saxelmwifo cxovrebasa da weswyobilebaSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli upiratesobis mqone~ erTeuli ara mxolod<br />
saeklesio dawesebuleba iyo, aramed TavisTavadi saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulic.<br />
amitom misi samarTali ufro rTuli Sesaswavlia, vidre erTmorwmune rusuli<br />
da berZnuli eklesiebisa. ivane javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, qarTuli eklesiis<br />
aRniSnul ufleba-upiratesobaTa Sesaxeb cnobebis miReba mxolod sigelgujrebidan<br />
SeiZleba. am sabuTebSi mravali cnoba exeba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
kaTalikos-patriarqebis mier centraluri sasamarTlos organizacias 50 .<br />
Sesabamisad, rogorc aRiniSna, ivane javaxiSvilis kvlevis Tanaxmad,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias Tavisi marTva-gamgeoba mowyobili hqonda `saxelmwifo<br />
marTva-gamgeobis wesebze~ 51 .<br />
qarTuli samarTlis wyaroebis mimoxilvisas, iv. javaxiSvili<br />
Tavdapirvelad ixilavs msoflio krebebis kanonmdeblobas, miaCnia, rom<br />
saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba iyo msoflio eklesiis krebebis<br />
kanonmdeblobani da berZnuli sjuliskanoni, `didi sjuliskanoni~<br />
upirvelesad, romelic ukve IX-X saukuneebSi qarTuladac unda yofiliyo<br />
naTargmni, arsen iyalToelma igi xelaxla Targmna 52 .<br />
ruis-urbnisis krebas arsen iyalToelis naTargmni sjuliskanonisagan<br />
srulebiT gansxvavebuli redaqcia hqonia 53 . iv. javaxiSvils gamokvleuli aqvs,<br />
rom ruis-urbnisis krebis dadgenilebiT qarTuli eklesiis mier cnobili iyo<br />
`didisa klimentosis mier~ dawerili mociqulTa `kanonni saeklesioni~, Svidi<br />
msoflio kreba (nikeisa, konstantinopolisa, efesoisa, qalkidonisa, 2<br />
konstantinopolisa, samefosa palatisa gumbadsa Sina momxdari e.w. trulisa, 2<br />
nikeisa), eqvsi adgilobiTi kreba (ankviriisa, Rangrisa, antioqiisa,<br />
laodikiisa, frigiisa, karTa-genisa), 8 ganTqmul mamaTa mier ganCinebulni da<br />
TanaaRricxulni kanonni da kanoniani epistoleebi petre aleqsandrielisa,
grigol neokesarielisa, basili didisa, diodoresa, grigol xucisa,<br />
xorepiskoposTa, queSeTTa episkoposTa da amfiloqesa mimarT, grigol<br />
noselisa, timoTe aleqsandrielisa, filoTeos aleqsandrielisa RvTis<br />
gamocxadebisaTvis, avginosi, agaTonisa minais episkoposTa mimarT, kvirile<br />
aleqsandrielisa da gennadi konstantinopolelisa~ 54 . arseni iyalToels<br />
`didi sjuliskanoni~ xelaxla uTargmnia swored im mizeziT, rom ruisurbnisis<br />
krebas sxva redaqcia hqonia xelT 55 . ivane javaxiSvili Semdgom<br />
paragrafSi ixilavs eqvTime mTawmindelis naSromebsa da saredaqcio muSaobas<br />
am sferoSi. adgilobrivi krebebis ganxilvis Semdeg, exeba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis upiratesobaTa simtkicis wignebs. ixilavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
uzenaesi saWeTmpyroblis gansakuTrebul uflebebs sakuTari jaris yolisa,<br />
laSqar-nadirobaSi gancalkevebuli samxedro erTeulis saxiT monawileobis<br />
uflebas da miaCnia, rom es ufleba eklesias miuRia daviT aRmaSeneblisa da<br />
Tamaris Semdeg 56 .<br />
monastris wes-gangebaTa ganxilvis Semdeg, ivane javaxiSvili ganixilavs<br />
saero kanonmdeblobis Zeglebs, romlebSic mravali sakiTxi exeba saeklesio<br />
samarTals: a) garigeba xelmwifis karisa, b) wesi da gangeba mefeTa<br />
kurTxevisa, g) `dasturlamali~. `bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignis<br />
nawyvetis~ ganxilvis dros mecnieri miiCnevs, rom bagrat kurapalatis<br />
samarTlis wignidan aris Setanili aRbuRas kanonebSi zogierTi muxli,<br />
magaliTad, `...meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianeTa sjulisa<br />
damamtkicebeli~ 57 , aRniSnavs, rom, rogorc beqas kanonebSi, ise sakuTriv<br />
aRbuRas kanonebSi arsad mefe moxseniebuli ar aris, yovelTvis patron<br />
aTabagzea saubari 57 . iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, rom zogierTi muxlis<br />
Sinaarsi beqa-aRbuRas droindel sazogadoebriv viTarebas ar Seesabameba, aq<br />
episkoposi da, sazogadod, samRvdeloeba srul batonad aris gamoyvanili, maT<br />
winaaRmdeg mefe uZluria, araferi ar SeuZlian... amitom es samive muxli (101,<br />
102, 103 kanoni) iseT xanas unda ekuTvnodes, roca samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi,<br />
sruli batoni iyo da saero mTavrobaze maRla eWira Tavi, ese igi daviT<br />
aRmaSeneblis uwinaresi xanisa unda iyos. swored am dros iyvnen monazonebi<br />
batonad da mTavris mowvevis baraTze pasuxad SeeZloT SeeTvalaT, bers<br />
SenTan `ara hnebavs mosvlao~... am dros beri-arqimandriti iyo imdenad Zlieri,<br />
rom Tavisuflad mefes satrfos arTmevda, monasterSi hketavda. aseT xanas<br />
daadgendnen: `rac unda Sescodos episkoposma, moZRvarma, mRvdelma, Tu<br />
monazonma mefeso, mainc xeli ar axloTo, imitom rom, meore mefe episkoposi<br />
aris... arca mefesa sjulisa saqme aqvso~ 58 . iv. javaxiSvili daaskvnis aRbuRas<br />
kanonebis 101, 102, 103 muxlebis mimarT _ `erTi sityviT, TviT am kanonebis<br />
Sinaarsi gviCvenebs, rom isini TiTqos ufro IX saukunis sazogadoebrivi<br />
ganwyobilebis gamomxatvelia..... kanonTa es muxlebi TiTqos ufro bagrat I<br />
kurapalatis droindelad gamodis~ 59 .<br />
ivane javaxiSvili ganixilavs sakanonmdeblo krebis muSaobas, romelmac<br />
gamosca `Zeglis dadeba~ giorgi brwyinvalisa: `sakanonmdeblo krebas es<br />
Zegli ramdenime mTavar nawilad dauyvia~ 60 . da am sakanonmdeblo krebas<br />
Zeglis dadebis Sedgenis dros saqarTveloSi arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT unda<br />
exelmZRvanela. `sakanonmdeblo krebis wevrT xelT marto qarTuli samarTlis<br />
Sesaxebi cnoba ki ar moepoveboda, aramed imis gamokvlevac SeeZlo, Tu ama Tu
im sakiTxze ucxo qveynis samarTlis wignebSi ra ewera, amitom safiqrebelia,<br />
rom mezobel erTa samarTlis Zeglebis dednad Tu naTargmni am drosac<br />
saqarTveloSi unda hqonodaT da angariSi gauweviaT~ 61 .<br />
beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis ganxilvis dros ivane javaxiSvili miiCnevs,<br />
rom aRbuRas Tavis samarTlis wigni sakanonmdeblo krebaze Seudgenia. aTabagamirspasalar<br />
aRbuRas am krebaze mouwvevia mawyvereli, Tavisi `biZa-Ze SaSia<br />
da misi Zma safaris moZRvari pafnote, `xuTisave Temisa samcxisa~ taoelTa,<br />
klarjTa, SavSvTa da ueWvelia javaxTa da mesxTa `episkoposni, meudabnoeni~,<br />
warCinebulnic da ufrosi moxelenic, sakanonmdeblo kreba `WolevTa~-s<br />
Seyrila... saWirod ucvnia beqas kanonebisaTvis daematebina axlad gaCenil<br />
danaSaulebaTa dasasjelad gankuTvnili muxlebi~ kerZod, beqas 65 kanons<br />
daerTo 32 muxli.<br />
ivane javaxiSvili Sesabamis paragrafSi ganixilavs vaxtang VI-is<br />
samarTlis wignTa krebulSi beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis boloSi darTul e.w.<br />
`kanonikur samarTals~ da miiCnevs, rom isini SecdomiT aris darTuli 62 .<br />
rogorc cnobilia kanonikuri samarTlis muxlebs boloSi miwerili aqvs<br />
wyevlaTa formula damnaSavis mimarT - `krul da wyeul, SeCvenebul iyvn~,<br />
amasTanave, zogierTi misi muxli emsgavseba, zogjer ki mTlianad imeorebs<br />
beqasa Tu aRbuRas samarTlis muxlebs. amis gamo isini miCneul iqna<br />
dauTariRebel kanonebad, romelTa `sadaurobis gamokvleva da daTariReba<br />
Cveni mecnierebis morig sakiTxad unda iqnas miCneuli~ 63 . amasTanave, rogorc<br />
ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, misi kanonebi `wyevla-krulviTa da nawilobriv<br />
sasjelTa simkacriT mxolod kaTalikozTa samarTlis wigns uaxlovdeba~ 63 .<br />
Cven amave naSromSi gamovTqviT mosazreba, rom aRbuRam Wulevis monasterSi<br />
moiwvia saeklesio kreba - saxelmwifo darbazi, romelsac gansaxilvelad da<br />
dasamtkiceblad gadasca iqamde mis mierve Sedgenili e.w. `aRbuRas<br />
samarTali~, agreTve amave krebas dasamtkiceblad, Zveli simtkicis<br />
gansaaxleblad gadasca misi uSualo winapris, `beqas samarTali~ da uZvelesi<br />
`bagrat kurapalatis samarTali~. samive es wigni krebam daamtkica da zed<br />
daurTo e.w. `kanonikuri samarTali~ Tavisi wyevlaTa formuliT. saeklesio<br />
krebas, rogorc sxva krebaTa masalebSic Cans, aseTi ufleba hqonda.<br />
maSasadame, e.w. `kanonikuri samarTali~ warmoadgens Wulevis saeklesio<br />
sakanonmdeblo krebis mier gamocemul kanonebs, romelic Tan daerTo krebis<br />
mierve damtkicebul beqas, aRbuRas da bagrat kurapalatis kanonebs. maTi da<br />
kanonikuri samarTlis erTiani numeraciac miuTiTebs, rom aseTi mosazreba<br />
hqonda vaxtang VI-is komisiasac, romelmac gamosca vaxtangis samarTlis<br />
wignTa krebuli.<br />
vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulis ganxilvis dros ivane<br />
javaxiSvili mimoixilavs XVIII saukunes: `swored gasaocari xana iyo es xana,<br />
aseTi dauRalavi, medgari muSaoba, romelsac erTi sazogado mimarTuleba<br />
hqonda da farTo da Rrma niadagi epyra, uflebas gvaZlevs qarTuli<br />
mwerlobis am xanas enciklopediuri xana davarqvaT saxelad. TiTqmis yvela<br />
amdroindel moRvawes azri da goneba im fiqrisken iyo mimarTuli, rom<br />
qarTveli xalxis SemoqmedebiTi niWis mravali saukunis namuSevari da<br />
naWirnaxulevi SeekribaT, SeeswavlaT da CamomavlobisaTvis, damTavrebuli,<br />
yovelmxrivi warmodgena da cnoba gardaecaT. am diadi saqmis moTaved da<br />
sulis Camdgmelad giorgi XI da metadre didebuli, dauviwyari vaxtang VI
iyo. man Sekriba Cveni qveynis warsulisa da matianeebis daxelovnebuli<br />
mcodne pirebi, maTi daxmarebiT saistorio masalebs erTad Tavi mouyara,<br />
Zveli Seavso da Seaswora. manve Seagrova qarTuli samarTlis Zveli naSTebi,<br />
Zeglebi da samarTlis wignebis kodiko Seadgina, manve gamgeobisa da<br />
moxeleobis Sesaxebi masalebi Seagrova da erTi qarTuli saxelmwifo<br />
samarTlis wigni `dasturlamali~ Seadgina~ 64 . vaxtang VI-m Sekriba qarTuli<br />
Zveli samarTlis wignebi, `kaTalikozisa da mefis giorgisa da beqas<br />
ganCinebuli samarTlebi~, zed daurTo `dabadebisa moses mier qmnilni<br />
samarTalni da kualad berZenTa da somexTa wignTagan gardmoTargmnilni~. am<br />
Sromis Semdeg man didebulTa samRvdeloebisa da moxeleebis TandaswrebiT<br />
`darbazis erTa, WkuaTa myofelTa da moxucebulTa kacTa~ TanamSromlobiT<br />
axali samarTlis wigni Seadgina, `romelsa zeda mowmoba darTes erTa CvenTa<br />
srulobiT saRmrToTa da gina samxedroTa, brZenman da monaxulman yovelmanve<br />
erTbamaT~ 65 .<br />
am wignis `berZnulidan naTargmni kanonebis Sesaxeb TavianTi azri akad.<br />
brosesagan moyolebuli bevr mecniers aqvs gamoTqmuli... v. sokolskis<br />
monografiaSi `Uhtrj_hbvcrjt ghfdj d ekj;tybb uhepbycrjuj wfhz Df[nfyufVI~ 66<br />
gamoTqmuli azriT, vaxtangis kodikoSi Setanili `berZnuli samarTlis wigni~<br />
blastaris sintagmis Semoklebas warmoadgens armenopulosa da sxva<br />
wyaroebiTgan Sevsebuls 67 .<br />
ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, `samarTlis istoriisaTvis Zvirfasi cnobebi<br />
metadre sigel-gujrebSi aris Senaxuli. swored daufasebeli ganZia es<br />
ukanaskneli wyaro imitom, rom igi moqmedi samarTlis viTarebas gvisuraTebs<br />
da piruTvnel sabuTs warmoadgens~ 68 .<br />
iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, eklesias hqonda sagadasaxado Seuvaloba<br />
nawilobriv, magram <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias hqonda sasamarTlo Seuvalobis<br />
uflebac da misi ymebi mxolod saeklesio sasamarTlos emorCilebodnen 69 .<br />
ivane javaxiSvili Tavisi samarTlis istoriis meore wignis meore<br />
nakveTis mesame Tavs mTlianad uZRvnis eklesias. ganxiluli aqvs eklesiis<br />
msaxurTa ufleba-movaleobani, ixilavs eklesiis msaxurTagan xelisuflebis<br />
miRebis wess, qristianobisa da samonastro moZraobis Tavdapirvel idealebs<br />
sakuTrebisa da Sromis problemisaTvis, udabnoebsa da monastrebs,<br />
monastrebis pirad Semadgenlobasa da mis ufleba-movaleobas, exeba giorgi<br />
mTawmindelis mcdelobas eklesiaSi demokratiuli wes-wyobilebis<br />
dasamyareblad, monastrebSi wes-wyobilebis monarqiuli principis<br />
respublikuri wesiT Secvlas 70 ; monasterSi qonebisa da Sromis problemas,<br />
imave problemas eriskacTa Soris 71 .<br />
rogorc zemoT aRniSnulidan Cans, ivane javaxiSvili sagangebod<br />
ganixilavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sul oTx saeklesio sakanonmdeblo krebas. korneli<br />
kekeliZe ki ganixilavs Semdeg krebebs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisas: ruis-urbnisis<br />
krebas (1103 w.), romelmac gamosca `Zegliswera~, da XVI s-is krebas, romelmac<br />
`sakaTalikozo kanonebi~ gamosca imereTSi. agreTve, exeba 1748 wlis, 1755 wlis<br />
16 dekembris, 1756 wlis 4 aprilis krebebs da 1762 wels mowveul krebas.<br />
k. kekeliZe sagangebod Seexo saeklesio kanonikas Tavis wignSi `Zveli<br />
qarTuli literaturis istoria~. k. kekeliZis azriT, X saukunis bolomde<br />
qarTuli saeklesio-iuridiuli mwerloba, am sityvis namdvili mniSvnelobiT,
ar arsebobda 72 , magram saeklesio kanonikis cnobili mkvlevaris, vl.<br />
beneSeviCis azriT, X saukuneSi qarTul enaze ukve arsebobda didi, anu 14titlovani<br />
sjuliskanoni foti patriarqisa 73 . am azrs iziarebs iv.<br />
javaxiSvili Tavis `qarTuli samarTlis istoriaSi~ 74 . k. kekeliZe<br />
gamowvlilviT ixilavs aRniSnul mecnierTa argumentebsa da uaryofs maT.<br />
misi azriT, didi sjuliskanoni qarTulad iTargmna ruis-urbnisis krebis<br />
Semdeg 75 , arsen iyalToelis mier, romelic Semdeg SeuvsiaT sxvadasxva<br />
statiiT.<br />
k. kekeliZis azriT, saerTod, kanonikuri krebulebis TargmnisaTvis<br />
pirvelad CvenSi xeli moukidia eqvTime aTonels. praqtikulad, yoveldRiuri<br />
saWiroebisaTvis, redaqciis cotaodeni cvlilebiT, qarTul sinamdvilesTan<br />
SefardebiT.<br />
k. kekeliZe ikvlevs, rom bizantiaSi eklesiis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi<br />
saxelmZRvanelod adgendnen sxvadasxva patara krebuls, praqtikuli<br />
moTxovnilebebisaTvis, zogierTi aseTi krebuli qarTuladac uTargmniaT.<br />
k. kekeliZe ikvlevs, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia Tavis marTva-gamgeobaSi<br />
xelmZRvanelobda agreTve saeklesio, adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobiT, romlis<br />
organod da wyarod iTvleboda: a) kerZo pirTa ganmartebani; b) kaTalikospatriarqTa<br />
epistoleni; g) samoqalaqo xasiaTis iuridiuli kodeqsebi; d)<br />
qarTul adgilobriv krebaTa dadgenilebani. kerZo pirTa ganmartebebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, romelic gamoiyeneboda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis adgilobrivi<br />
kanonmdeblobis wyarod, k. kekeliZe wers, rom rodesac wamoiWreboda<br />
romelime gadauWreli sakiTxi an problema, qarTuli eklesia mimarTavda<br />
saberZneTis praqtikas, risTvisac sazRvargareTis qarTuli monastris<br />
warmomadgenlebs sTxovdnen Sesabamis ganmartebas. magaliTad, giorgi<br />
Wyondidels miumarTavs eqvTime aTonelisaTvis, romelsac Sesabamisi pasuxi<br />
da ganmartebani Seudgenia 76 .<br />
meore wyaros, k. kekeliZis azriT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio<br />
kanonmdeblobisa warmoadgenda `kanonikuri epistoleebi~. Cvenamde<br />
SemorCenilia mxolod erTi, kaTalikos anton pirvelisa, romelic gamoucia<br />
1767 wels. es epistole Seicavs 15 muxls. k. kekeliZis azriT, `kanonikuri<br />
epistoles~ xasiaTi aqvs im `sasjulo mcnebas~, romelic XV s-Si miucia<br />
antioqiel-ierusalimel patriarqs mixails ioakime bedielisaTvis afxazeTis<br />
kaTalikosad dadginebis gamo 77 .<br />
samoqalaqo xasiaTis iuridiuli dokumentebidan, romelnic<br />
warmoadgendnen wyaros <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis adgilobriv kanonmdeblobisa, k.<br />
kekeliZe miakuTvnebs giorgi brwyinvales Zeglisdebas da beqa-aRbuRas<br />
samarTals, Tumca mxolod nawilobrivad, radganac isini mainc samoqalaqo<br />
kanonmdeblobis kodeqsebs warmoadgens da saeklesio samarTlis<br />
istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac maTSi alag-alag<br />
laparakia eklesiisa da mis msaxurTa Sesaxebac. amave wres miakuTvnebs k.<br />
kekeliZe `xelmwifis karis garigebas~. maTSi saeklesio instituti sakmaod<br />
reliefuradaa warmodgenili, magaliTad, Wyondideli da moZRvarTmoZRvari:<br />
`saeklesio da sasuliero saqmeebis gamge, am ZegliT aris Wyondideli,<br />
gelaTis monastris garda yvela saydari, eklesia da monasteri, xucesi,<br />
monazoni da saeklesio dasni misi saxeloisani iyvnen. vezirTa Soris mas
pirveli adgili ukavia. aq moxsenebuli arian mcxeTisa da afxazeTis<br />
kaTalikosi da episkoposebi: quTaTeli, bedieli, iSxneli, mawyvereli, anCeli<br />
da golgoTeli, da ara Tu ubralod arian moxsenebulni, maTi ierarqiuli<br />
upiratesobac aris aRniSnuli. maT Soris yvelaze meti pativi iSxnelsa da<br />
quTaTels aqvs. am muxlSi es Zegli SesamCnevad gansxvavdeba im<br />
dokumentebisagan, romelsac ewodeba `wesi da gangeba kurTxevisaTvis mefisa<br />
Tu viTar dasxden mRvdelmTavarni sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>ni~ an<br />
`aRsavalTaTvis samRvdelmoZRvaroTa saydarTa~, romelic `karis garigebis~<br />
Semdeg unda iyos Sedgenili. sakmaod vrcladaa `karis garigebaSi~ laparaki<br />
`moZRvarTmoZRvris~ Sesaxeb. is yovelTvis pirvelad ixsenieba oTx<br />
didxarisxovan berTa an monazonTa Soris, romlebic arian: moZRvarTmoZRvari,<br />
Wyondideli da kaTalikosni qarTlisa da afxazeTisa. mas meti pativi aqvs,<br />
Tumca is ubralo episkoposia, vidre kaTalikosebs. pativi misi zogjer<br />
Wyondidelis pativsac aWarbebs. mefe darbazSi mas gansakuTrebuli<br />
yuradRebiT epyroba~ 78 .<br />
ruis-urbnisis krebis dadgenileba, romelsac ewodeba `Zegliswera wmidisa<br />
da RvTivSekrebulisa krebisa~, k. kekeliZis TvalsazrisiT, Seicavs sam nawils:<br />
1. prologs an Sesavals, romelSic gaTvaliswinebulia eklesiis daarseba<br />
sazogadod da saqarTveloSic, kerZod, msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa<br />
sakanonmdeblo moqmedeba da maT msgavsad am ruis-urbnisis krebis mowveva; 2.<br />
ruis-urbnisis krebis kanonmdeblobas da 3. sinodikons, romelSic redaqtori<br />
eubneba cocxlebs (mefe-dedoflebs, kaTalikos-mRvdelmTavrebs da cnobil<br />
sasuliero moRvaweebs) `mravalJamiers~, xolo micvalebulebs - `saukuno<br />
xsenebas~.<br />
`Zegliswera~ k. kekeliZes TvalsazrisiT, Sedgenilia arsen beris mier.<br />
krebas `dausxams~ da daudgenia 15 kanoni: 1. uRirs mRvdelmTavarTa gankveTis<br />
aucilebloba; 2. asaki xeldasxmaTa da dro maTi xeldasxmisa; 3. giorgi<br />
mTawmidelis `kurTxevanis~ sanqcia; 4. e.w. simonia an xeldasxmisaTvis qrTamis<br />
micema; 5. samRvdeloTa WurWelTa da eklesiisadmi SewirulTa siwmideTa,<br />
Tvinier maTi daniSnulebisa, moxmarebis dauSvebloba; 6. gvirgvinis kurTxeva;<br />
7. asaki dasaqorwinebelTa; 8. ierarqiul pirTa jerovani momzadeba; 9.<br />
monastrebis moZRvrebisaTvis, maTi ricxvi da xarisxi; 10. monastrebSi<br />
vaWrobis uadgiloba; 11. sad, rogor da rodis unda sruldebodes<br />
micvalebulTa da cocxalTa mosaxsenebeli Jamiswirva da locva; 12.<br />
marTlmadideblebad momavalni somexni unda naTelRebul iqnen, viTarca<br />
warmarTni; 13. marTlmadidebelTa da warmarTTa SeuRleba akrZalulia; 14.<br />
kidiskide ara erTgan kurTxeva gvirgvinisa dauSvebelia; 15. sodomis codvis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
`Zegliswera~ metad sayuradRebo naSTia qarTuli iuridiuli mwerlobisa,<br />
masSi aRibeWda sazogado saeklesio-iuridiuli normebi (uTiTebs n.<br />
urbnels 79 ).<br />
k. kekeliZe ganixilavs `sakaTalikoso kanonebs~, anu `samarTals<br />
kaTalikosisa~ da miiCnevs, rom igi aris 1543-1549 wlebSi qarTlis kaTalikos<br />
malaqias da afxazeTis kaTalikosis evdemon I CxetiZis dros imereTis<br />
saeklesio krebis mier gamocemuli kanonebi, romelnic damyarebuli yofila<br />
`sjuliskanonze~. k. kekeliZis TqmiT, esaa `didi sjuliskanoni~. am Zeglidan<br />
Cans, rom saeklesio samarTlis iurisdiqcias CvenSi am dros eqvemdebareboda
sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulebani zogierT SemTxvevaSi (uTiTebs n.<br />
urbnels 80 ).<br />
k. kekeliZis TvalsazrisiT, `sigel-gujrebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTSoris damokidebulebis gaSuqebisaTvis,<br />
saeklesio samarTlis, mflobelobisa da baton-patronobis<br />
gasaTvaliswineblad. isini xSirad Seicaven mTel kanonmdeblobiT kodeqss<br />
eklesiis saqmeTa gamo. magaliTad, biWvinTis gujari. maTi dawvrilebiTi,<br />
mecnieruli Seswavla Cven warmogvidgens saeklesio-samoqalaqo<br />
kanonmdeblobis mTlian suraTs~ 81 .<br />
k. kekeliZe, Tavis cnobil naSromSi `kanonikuri wyobileba Zvel<br />
saqarTveloSi~ 82 gamoTqvams mniSvnelovan mosazrebebs, romelic<br />
Camoyalibebulia daskvnebis saxiT:<br />
1. vaxtang gorgaslamde iberiis eklesia warmoadgenda erT<br />
administraciul organizms, romelsac ganagebda erTi mwyemsmTavari.<br />
2. <strong>eparqia</strong>luri mRvdelmTavris garda, Zvel iberiaSi cnobili iyo agreTve<br />
instituti `mefis saxlis~ episkopozisa, romelsac administraciuli<br />
funqciebi ar unda hqonoda.<br />
3. Tavdapirvelad iberiaSi umaRlesi ierarqiuli postebi ekavaT rogorc<br />
qarTvelebs, ise berZnebs, sirielebsa da somxebs; nacionalizacia ierarqiisa<br />
mxolod VI saukunis gasulisaTvis Cans damTavrebulad.<br />
4. vaxtang gorgasalma iveriis eklesia 467 wels dayo 13 <strong>eparqia</strong>d; aman<br />
gamoiwvia eklesiis saWeTmpyroblisaTvis kaTolikozis titulis SemoReba,<br />
Tumca am tituls misi matareblis saeklesiaTaSoriso mdgomareobaSi<br />
araviTari cvlileba ar mouxdenia.<br />
5. mefobis gauqmebis Semdeg iberiaSi kaTolikozis kandidats iZleva ori<br />
saxli an gvari, romelTagan erTi unda iyos elinofiluri partiisa, xolo<br />
meore sparsofiluris warmomadgeneli.<br />
6. iberiis eklesia Tavdapirvelad mtkice kavSirSi imyofeboda somexTa<br />
eklesiasTan.<br />
7. 609 wels iberiis eklesiam gawyvita kavSiri somxis eklesiasTan, erTerTi<br />
mTavari motivi amisa iyo kirion kaTolikozis mier bizantiaSi<br />
SeTvisebuli pentarqiuli Teoria.<br />
8. somexTagan ganSorebis Semdeg iberiis eklesia, pentarqiuli Teoriis<br />
karnaxiT, daeqvemdebara antioqiis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>.<br />
9. damokidebuleba antioqiis sapatriarqoze, romelmac VII saukunidanve<br />
nominaluri xasiaTi miiRo, sabolood Sewyda XI saukunis naxevarSi, rodesac<br />
saqarTvelo gaerTianda da Zlier saxelmwifod iqca.<br />
10. dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>, afxazeTis, sakaTalikozo faqtiurad yalibdeba<br />
X saukunis II naxevridan, rodesac moxda likvidacia aq arsebulis lazikis<br />
berZnuli mitropoliisa da abazgiis avtokefaluri arqiepiskopiisa.<br />
11. afxazeTisa da mcxeTis kaTolikozebi iyvnen sworuflebiani gamgeni<br />
TavianTi samwysosa, xolo urTierTdamokidebulebaSi mcxeTis kaTolikozs,<br />
rogorc sataxto qalaqsa da `mefeTa-mefis~ ierarqs, miniWebuli hqonda<br />
upiratesoba pativisa 83 .<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebs did adgils uTmobs mRvdeli polievqtos<br />
karbelaSvili Tavis wignSi `ierarqia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisa, kaTalikosni da<br />
mRvdel-mTavarni~ (Tbilisi, 1900). polievqtos karbelaSvili <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>
eklesiis istoriis mniSvnelovani mkvlevaria, yovel SemTxvevaSi, maT Soris,<br />
romelTac <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis istoria sagangebod ukvleviaT. samwuxarod,<br />
ratomRac misi saxeli miiCqmala. zemoaRniSnuli wigni warmoadgenda k.<br />
kekeliZis samagido wigns, mravaljer uTiTebs Tavis `qarTuli literaturis<br />
istoriaSi~. am wigns kargad icnobda ivane javaxiSvili da polievqtos<br />
karbelaSvilis zogierT daskvnas iRebda mTlianad, yovelgvari kritikis<br />
gareSe (magaliTad, p. karbelaSvilis Tvalsazrisi, rom mcxeTasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT aTabagebis `ugunurma~ saeklesio politikam sabolood xeli<br />
Seuwyo mesxeTis swraf gamahmadianebas). p. karbelaSvilis mier ganxiluli<br />
krebebis gadmocemamde ganvixiloT misi zogierTi saintereso mosazreba<br />
samarTlis sferoSi.<br />
p. karbelaSvilis TqmiT, mociqulTa swori wm. bagrati, romelsac eklesia<br />
9 Tebervals da 9 ivliss ixseniebs, iyo mTavari kapadokieli da, maSasadame,<br />
qarTveli da igi moaqcia petre mociqulma. bagratma iqadaga italiaSi, I<br />
saukuneSi. misive TqmiT, qarTvelebi (kapadokielebi) iyvnen SavizRvispira<br />
kaTedrebis pirveli mRvdelmTavrebi: andria mociqulis mowafe filologi<br />
(sinopis kaTedra), foti (trapizoneli), meleti, ipati, stratofilosi,<br />
epaciani da sxvani. misive azriT, imperatorma traianem kolxeTSi (kerZod,<br />
klarjeTSi) gamoaZeva (gadmoasaxla) romis episkoposi, petre mociqulis<br />
mowafe, klimentiosi da, agreTve, pontoeli (kapadokieli) episkoposi palmosi,<br />
warmoSobiT qarTveli, romlis Svili, fazisis episkoposi markioni<br />
mwvalebeli iyo. markioni SendobisaTvis misula romis pap anikitesTan 84 . p.<br />
karbelaSvilis TqmiT, wm. giorgi iyo wm. ninos biZaSvili. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
pirveli episkoposi ioane warmoSobiT iyo qarTveli (kapadokieli), igi Cveni<br />
eklesiis ierarqi yofila 318 wlidan. maSasadame, Cveni eklesia daarsda, anu<br />
eri moiqca 318 wels. mtkvris piras dResac mdgari Zveli OoTxkuTa Senoba<br />
imJamindel `mTavarTa sanaTlavs~ warmoadgenda. matianeebSi moxmobili `zemo<br />
saydari~ - axlandeli dedaTa monasteria samTavroisa. mcxeTis `samirones~<br />
(kvarTze aRmarTul nagebobas) p. karbelaSvilis dros hqonia vercxlis kari<br />
mefe mirianis, viTarca wmidanis gamoqandakebiT. karbelaSvilis TqmiT, ioane<br />
mTavarepiskoposobda 318-327 wlebSi. mis dros mirian mefem imogzaura<br />
ierusalimSi, iq mirianma aaSena jvris monasteri, romelic X s-is damlevs<br />
ganaaxla berma proxorem, igi XIX s-mde qarTvelebs ekuTvnodaT. meore<br />
mTavarepiskoposis, iakobis (328-360) dros qarTul enaze gadmoiTargmna wmida<br />
werili ebraulidan. iobi iyo episkoposad 360-374 wlebSi, meoTxe<br />
mTavarepiskoposis elias (375-394) dros mirdat mefem aaSena bolnisis taZari,<br />
romelSic wirva-locva gauqmda rusebis mmarTvelobis dros, 1809 wels.<br />
simeonis dros (395-411) Seipyres da baRdadSi awames sparselebma mirdat mefe.<br />
ionas (412-415) dros daiSala mirianis mier aSenebuli xis taZari<br />
sveticxovlisa. TviTon wmida sveti gadausvenebiaT gareubnis (samTavros)<br />
eklesiaSi. karbelaSvilis azriT, glonoqori, igive mobidani anu mobidagea<br />
(432-448) - mTavarepiskoposi, meTauri qarTuli eklesiisa. momdevnom, miqaelma<br />
(449-472) qvebiT Caqola q. dvinSi krebaze antioqiis patriarqi, somexTa<br />
moZRvari petroz mkawvreli. aqedan Cans, rom petroz mkawvreli (petre<br />
fuloni) ar SeiZleboda yofiliyo xeldamsxmeli petre kaTalikosisa,<br />
rogorc fiqrobs zogierTi Tanamedrove istorikosi. p. karbelaSvilis TqmiT,<br />
ierusalimSi iloca vaxtang gorgasalma.
ac Seexeba msoflio saeklesio krebebs, p. karbelaSvilis azriT, maTi<br />
mowvevis saWiroeba warmoSva iman, rom IV s-is dasawyisSi, saxelmwifos mier<br />
qristianobis aRiarebis dros, jer kidev ar iyo romis imperiaSi<br />
`SemuSavebuli da gamorkveuli saRmrTo msaxurebaTa aRsrulebis rigi, ar iyo<br />
dakanonebuli saqristiano doRmatni da kanon-mdebloba eklesiaTa<br />
gamgeblobisaTvis. eklesiis gamgeni xSirad Taviseburad asrulebdnen<br />
eklesiur samsaxursa. Taviseburad esmodaT da xsnidnen saqristiano<br />
doRmatTa. amis gamo mcire aziaSi male iCina Tavi sxvadasxva mwvaleblobam.<br />
amitom saWiro Seiqmna msoflio krebaTa mowveva `ganmarTvad saqristiano da<br />
saeklesio wesTa~ 85 . `sul Svidi msoflio kreba moxda: 1) nikiisa 325 w; 2)<br />
konstantinopolisa 381 w; 3) efesoSi 431 w; 4) xalkidonisa 451 w; 5)<br />
konstantinopolisa II 553 w; 6) konstantinopolisa III 680 w. da 7) nikiisa II,<br />
787 w. 86 . aRsaniSnavia, rom p. karbelaSvili V s-is qarTvel petre ibers,<br />
maiumels wmidanad moixseniebs 3 . mohyavs sabuTi, romliTac, misi azriT,<br />
mtkicdeba, rom mefe mirianis dros qarTul enaze `iswavleboda da<br />
imoZRvreboda qarTveli eri da mTavar-episkoposni da mRvdelni kapadukielni<br />
iyvnen qarTuli enis kargi mcodneni~ 87 . amitom petre qarTvelis mier<br />
ierusalimSi daarsebuli qarTuli monastrebi `savseni ber-monazvnebiT~<br />
qarTul enaze aRasrulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas. isini modiodnen `samSobloSi<br />
da Tan mohqondaT qristianobis da erovnuli grZnobis ganmamtkicebeli<br />
swavla-moZRvreba da saeklesio wignni da arigebdnen eklesiebSi, sadac<br />
saWiro iyo~ 88 .<br />
saqarTveloSi saeklesio samarTlis Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili gamoTqvams<br />
Semdeg mosazrebas: `kaTalikozs mieca taxtad sveticxovlis taZari,<br />
iwodeboda kaTalikozad mcxeTisa da iveriisa TiTqmis 1400 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi... kaTalikoz-patriarqi mcxeTidan Tavisuflad ganagebda<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio saqmeebsa da angariSs aravis aZlevda. kaTalikozis<br />
xelqveiTTa-morCilTa Seqmnes samefo samefoSi, rogorc Cans, Zvel sigelgujrebidan<br />
da vaxtang VI_is samarTlis wignidan, im saxiTve, rogorc<br />
feodalebma dasavleT evropaSi. kaTalikozi iTvleboda sulier mefed<br />
qveynisa. mefe da kaTalikozi erTnairi pativiTa da uflebiT sargeblobdnen.<br />
Seuracxyofa kaTalikozisa udrida mefis Seuracxyofas. misi Semdegi<br />
ierarqiis sasulierno wevrni gaTanasworebulni iyvnen saero ierarqiis<br />
wevrebTan~ 1 .<br />
p. karbelaSvilis TvalsazrisiT qveynis maRali fenis sagvareuloebi<br />
cdilobdnen TavianT ojaxs da sagvareulos gamoezarda Tavisi wiaRidan erTi<br />
sasuliero piri mainc: `kaTalikozni, mRvdel-mTavarni da sxvani sasuliero<br />
warCinebulni pirni STamomavlobiT ufro xSirad samefo da didebulTa<br />
gvarisani iyvnen da igini pataraobidanve Sesaferis aRzrdasa da ganaTlebas<br />
iRebdnen xolme. yoveli SeZlebuli sagvareulo cdaSi iyo, rom Tavisi<br />
saxlidan erTi mwirvel-mlocveli da RvTis mavedrebeli hyoloda saydarSi.<br />
amitom TiToeuli sagvareulo sakuTar saydars iSenebda da swiravda<br />
SeZlebasa da gvarad uZrav-moZrav qonebasa, romlis SemosavliTac uzrunvelyofiliyvnen<br />
saydari da `saydris Svilni~ (samRvdeloni) momavalSi~ 2 . amis<br />
gamo `eklesia samRvdeloebianad Seiqmna didi mamul-dedulis da mTabaris<br />
patroni~ 2 . 1498-1559 w-is saeklesio gujrebSi eklesias ekuTvnoda 237 sofeli
glexebiT da aznaurebiT. kaTalikosis dawesebuli mouravebi krebdnen<br />
saeklesio gadasaxads (maxta, kuluxi) - fuliT da mosavliT. p. karbelaSvili<br />
miiCnevs, rom samefo gadasaxads isini aRar ixdidnen `samefo gadasaxadis<br />
samagierod~ 90 . kaTalikozs ekuTvnoda samefoSi arsebuli zogierTi sabaJo,<br />
samRebro da saTevzao adgilebi mtkvarze, alazanze, xramsa da sxva<br />
mdinareebze.<br />
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa p. karbelaSvilis mosazreba, rom saeklesio<br />
soflebSi rogorc sisxlis, ise samoqalaqo samarTlis sferos ganagebda ara<br />
saero xelisufleba, aramed saeklesio. sasuliero wodebis samarTlis sferos<br />
gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda ara mxolod saeklesio soflebi, aramed qveynis<br />
danarCeni mosaxleobac - `saeklesio soflebSi samarTali da msjavri,<br />
samoqalaqo da sasisxlo saqmeebi irCeodnen kaTalikozisagan, anu misis<br />
davalebiT romelime sasuliero pirisagan. danarCeni samefo da warCinebulTa<br />
saymonic ver icilebdnen Tavidan sasuliero wodebis samarTalsa da<br />
gavlenasa~ 91 .<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili wers -<br />
`samRvdeloebam Sehqmna sakuTari kanonmdebloba, SemuSavebuli mRvdelmTavarTa<br />
krebaTa mier erovnul niadagzed~ 91 .<br />
p. karbelaSvili, iseve rogorc Semdeg iv. javaxiSvili, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis iurisdiqciis saxes adarebs dasavleT evropisas, igi wers -<br />
`gaZlierda da gavrcelda saero xasiaTi sasuliero wodebisa, amis ganmarteba<br />
unda veZeboT xalxis gadaWarbebul sarwmunoebriv midrekilebaSi, rogorc<br />
erTxel dasavleT evropaSi iyo~ 91 . e.i. p. karbelaSvilis azriT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
sasuliero wodebas hqonda agreTve saero, saqveyno mmarTvelobaze<br />
xelmwifeba, aseve iyo dasavleT evropaSi, ufro metad pirvel aTaswleulSi.<br />
am msgavsebis mizezad mkvlevars miaCnia qarTvelTa didi sarwmunoebrivi<br />
simxurvale, msgavsad aRniSnul dros dasavleT evropisa. igi aRniSnavs, rom<br />
`saeklesio glexni Tavisufalni iyvnen yoveli saero gadasaxadisagan~ 91 .<br />
sisxlis Tu samoqalaqo danaSaulis dros maRali wodebis pirs danaSauli<br />
epatieboda `jarimis gadaxdis Semdeg sasargeblod eklesiisa~ 92 , bermonazonTa<br />
Sesaxeb wers - `igini muqTaT ara sWamdnen sxvis ofliT moyvanil<br />
pursa. dRedaRam swerdnen, sTargmnidnen saWiro wignebsa, mxatvrobiT<br />
amkobdnen wignebsa, eklesiebsa, amSvenebdnen taZrebsa... ebrZodnen mters<br />
samSoblos da sarwmunoebis dasacavad~ 93 .<br />
saeklesio jaris Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili wers - `kaTalikozsa hyavda<br />
sakuTari mxedroba imave wesrigiT rogorc mefesa. spasalarebs, aTasis Tavs,<br />
asis Tavs da sxva moxeleT TviT kaTalikozi niSnavda. omSi an TviT<br />
kaTalikozi da episkoposni winamZRvrobdnen, an spasalarni, rogorc dro da<br />
garemoeba moiTxovda. calke jarebs agrovebdnen, roca saWiro iyo episkoposni<br />
da monasterTa winamZRvarni da brZolis velze gahyavdaT da maTTan erTad<br />
Rvridnen sisxlsa~ 94 .<br />
mkvlevaris azriT, kaTalikozi petre I (472-510 w.) warmoSobiT iyo<br />
kapadokieli qarTveli, grigol nazianzelis mowafe, iyo qalkedonizmis<br />
erTguli damcveli, ebrZoda monofizit somxebs. daeswro 490-493 wlebis<br />
vaRarSapadis krebas. mohyavs `qarTlis moqcevis~ cnoba, rom VI s-is 50-ian<br />
wlebSi sakaTalikoso taxtze ori `saxlis~, anu sagvareulos wevrebi
cvlidnen erTmaneTs. p. karbelaSvili erT-erT SeniSvnaSi aRniSnavs, rom XVII<br />
saukunis damdegs arsebobda qarTuli mxedruli asoebiT dawerili<br />
sparsulenovani saxareba, romelic <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samefo ojaxs ekuTvnoda 95 .<br />
amave epoqaSi, XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi qarTuli asoebiT werdnen somxurenovan<br />
saxarebebs, agreTve iwereboda Turqulenovani saxarebebic qarTuli asoebiT.<br />
mizezi amisa, rogorc Cven mier aris gamorkveuli, iyo is, rom am epoqaSi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifoebriobis daSlisa da gauqmebis kvaldakval,<br />
mimdinareobda qarTvelTa denacionalizacia sxvadasxva sarwmuneobriv<br />
konfesiaSi gadasvlis gziT, anu Turqebsa da sparselebs miuCneviaT, rom<br />
sakmaod mravalricxovani qarTuli mosaxleoba mesxeTsa da qarTl-kaxeTSi,<br />
TandaTanobiT, etapobrivad SeeyvanaT Turqulenovan da sparsulenovan wiaRSi.<br />
isini Tavdapirvelad, qarTvelebs ar uginebdnen qristianul siwmideebs, magram<br />
eklesiebSi wmida saxarebas asmeninebdnen Turqul da sparsul enebze.<br />
qarTvelebi amiT eCveodnen sparsul da Turqul enebs. aRar aSinebdaT es<br />
samyaro, eTvisebodnen mas, rac sabolood maT asimilacias aadvilebda. amave<br />
mizniT, sparsTa da osmalTa mier waxalisebuli somxurenovani eklesia Tavis<br />
samwysoSi ierTebda mravalricxovan qarTvelobas saqarTveloSive.<br />
qarTvelebisaTvis eklesiebSi somxurad ikiTxeboda qarTuli asoebiT naweri<br />
wmida saxareba. qarTuli asoebiT sparsuli, Turquli da somxuri saxarebani<br />
iwereboda imis gamo, rom rogorc mrevli, ise samRvdeloeba, qarTvelebi<br />
iyvnen. cxadia, eklesiebSi sparseli da osmalo moxeleebi ar waikiTxavdnen<br />
saxarebas. saxarebas rogorc Turqul, ise sparsul da somxur enebzec,<br />
eTnikurad qarTveli RvTismsaxurebi kiTxulobdnen, da radganac maT werakiTxva<br />
icodnen mxolod qarTulad, amitom maTTvis qarTuli asoebiT<br />
iwereboda sparsulenovani, Turqulenovani da somxurenovani locvebi da<br />
saxarebani, anu rogorc mrevli, ise sasuliero wodeba, qarTuli iyo,<br />
ganwirulni sarwmunoebrivi gziTac ki asimilaciisaTvis. mxolod qarTuli<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia icavda im dros qarTul nacionalur<br />
TviTSemecnebas, maSasadame, qarTvelobas.<br />
zogierT wreSi amJamad gakvirvebiT aRniSnaven, rom anton I kaTalikozpatriarqis<br />
taxtze asvlis dros iyo mxolod 25 wlisa. es asaki gamonaklisi<br />
ar aris. p. karbelaSvilis mier dadgenilia, rom amave asakisa, 25 wlisa iyo<br />
cnobili kirion I (572-598) sakaTalikozo taxtze asvlis dros 96 . aseve 26<br />
wlisa iyo bolo patriarqi anton II aRsaydrebis dros 97 , ufro axalgazrda 24<br />
wlisa iyo kaTalikoz-patriarqi daviT III (1427-1430) 98 da sxv.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebTan dakavSirebiT p. karbelaSvili aRniSnavs<br />
Semdegs - misi azriT, dvinis cnobili saeklesio kreba somxeTSi, romelzec<br />
Seikribnen qarTveli, albaneli da somexi ierarqebi, Sedga 596 wels. kirionma<br />
somxebs gaugzavna msoflio saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani, `amaT Tanaxmad<br />
imwyseba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiao~ 96 . misi azriT, somxebma mogvianebiT mainc<br />
aRiares qalkedonis kreba 96 , albaT gulisxmobs VII saukunes.<br />
qarTlis kaTalikosi barTlome (613-620 ww.), romelic p. karbelaSvilis<br />
sityviT, SesaZloa gadaayena herakle keisarma, RirsebiT miuRia Sio mRvimis<br />
`ZmaTa krebas~. aq sityva `krebas~ ara Sekrebis, aramed `saZmos~ mniSvnelobiT<br />
xmarobs mkvlevari. namdvili `episkoposTa kreba~ Sekrebila, mkvlevaris TqmiT,<br />
kaTalikos sarmeanes (760-774 ww.) dros, romelsac iakobituri moZRvreba
daugmia da iakobitTa mier kaTalikosisaTvis mirTmeuli ZRveni uaruyvia. `am<br />
dros mRvdelmTavarTa krebam episkopos filipes xeliT warmouvlina<br />
sarmeanes Semdegi werili: `didsa mamamTavarsa, meufesa Cvensa sarmeanes,<br />
gixaroden, Svilni Senni da siwmidisa Senisa mrwemni, yovelni episkoposni<br />
gauwyebT, raTa arRa daaSrobde moxucebulsa gvamsa Sensa, rameTu mowyale<br />
hyves RmerTi didebulisa mamisa wmidisa Siosa meoxebiT... TviToeulsa<br />
gvibrZana `miuteva RmerTman sarmeanes kaTalikozsa bralni misni da aw<br />
Seuorguleblad miiyvaneT mwyemsi Tqveni~ 99 . saqme is iyo, rom kaTalikosma<br />
SecdomiT iakobitebi aziara. roca Tavis Secdomas mixvda, Sio mRvimis<br />
monasterSi ufals cremlebiT Sendobas sTxovda, e.i. sakaTalikoso taxti<br />
datova. amitomac krebam zegardmo Cvenebis gamo igi ukanve miiwvia taxtze.<br />
p. karbelaSvili eyrdnoba matianeTa Cvenebas da miiCnevs, rom VII s-Si<br />
stefanozis mTavrobis dros dawesda episkoposTa kreba kaTalikozis<br />
moTaveobiT, jvarpatiosanSi xuTSabaTsa da paraskevs: `adidian paraskevi<br />
viTarca didi paraskevi, xolo sakaTalikozo arn kreba yovelTa xuTSabaTTa<br />
da adidian wmidai sioni, viTarca didsa xuTSabaTsa, saidumloTa Tana<br />
xorciTa da sisxliTa, xolo mcxeTas saepiskopozosa (samTavro) arn krebai<br />
yovelTa SabaTTa da xseneba pirvel mowamisa stefanesi da wmidisa abibos<br />
nekreselisa episkopozisa~ 100 . Semdegi kreba, romelsac ixseniebs p.<br />
karbelaSvili, aris ruis-urbnisisa, romelic Semdgara ioane IV safarelis<br />
(1090-1127) dros. Tamaris dros ki, nikoloz I-is kaTalikosobis Semdeg, miqael<br />
III-is kaTalikosobisas (1160-1187 ww.) mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba.<br />
p.karbelaSvilis azriT, 1186 wels. igi mowveuli yofila `ganmarTvad<br />
saeklesio da qristianebrivTa wesTa~. am krebaze Tavmjdomareobda zemoT<br />
aRniSnuli yofili kaTalikosi nikolozi, romelic Tamars ierusalimidan<br />
mouyvania. `Semokrbes yovliT kerZo samefosa misisa episkoposni... miegebeboda<br />
maT wmida Tamar didiTa simdabliTa, viTarca erTi kaci Seuracxi, da ara<br />
viTarca mefe, viTar angelozTa da ara kacTa... dasxna saydrebiTa (maRali<br />
dasajdomeli - kaTedra), xolo TviT dajda Soris maTsa martod da ara<br />
mefobiT... jda ukve Tamar mcired Jam Soris maTsa, mere moiRo kurTxeva<br />
maTgan da warvida palatad Tvisad... xolo ara ineba maSindelman man miqael<br />
kaTalikozman Soris maTsa (krebisa) yofa, rameTu wina ukmo iyo wesTagan<br />
saeklesioTa da Wyondidel-mawyverloba da mwignobarTa uxucesobaca mas<br />
(miqaels) moexveWa uflisagan - aramed ver ganayenes, daRacaTu friad<br />
iRvawes...~ krebis Semdeg miqaeli male gardaicvala 101 .<br />
Semdegi kreba, p. karbelaSvilis aRweriT, Semdgara laSa giorgis dros,<br />
kaTalikosi arseni (1213-1234) `krebiT amxilebda laSa-giorgis ugvansa<br />
cxovrebasa da garyvnilebaSi dros gatarebasa, vera gziT ver daiTanxmes<br />
laSa kanonikurad eqorwina~ 102 .<br />
p. karbelaSvili axsenebs saeklesio krebas, romelic Semdgara giorgi V-is<br />
mefobisas, basilis kaTalikozobis dros, 1344 wels. `hqmna mefe giorgi V<br />
kreba gansamtkiceblad qristianobisa `ganaxlebisaTvis saeklesio wesTa,<br />
ganmarTvad da dadgenad moweseTa wesTa zeda TvisTa da uwesoTa<br />
gankveTad~ 103 .<br />
p. karbelaSvils moaqvs mTlianad teqsti im krebisa, romelic, iv.<br />
javaxiSvilis kvleviT, Semdgara daviT laSas Zis mefobisas da romlis<br />
dadgenilebis Savi piri Semdgom, 1925 wels gozaliSvils centrarqivSi
aRmouCenia. masze adre es teqsti gamoaqveyna p. karbelaSvilma, magram mas<br />
miaCnda, rom misi gamomcemeli kreba Sedga XV saukuneSi. kreba exeba<br />
saeklesio mamulebis gacemas mefis xelisflebis mier. XV saukuneSive, abraam<br />
II-is kaTalikozobisas, mefed meored kurTxevisas (1492-1495 wlebSi) mefe<br />
konstantinem `moaxdina kreba kaTalikoz ebiskoposTa da samefo didebulTa<br />
da warCinebulTagan `rai yofad damSvidebisaTvis mTavarTa da<br />
ganmtkicebisaTvis erTmTavrobisa~. krebam daadgina: `vinaidgan imerni<br />
erTguloben bagrats, her-kaxni giorgis da samcxelni aTabags baadurs -<br />
vacadoT brZolad. dro-Jami uked ganagebs mefobaso~ 104 .<br />
Semdegi kreba melqisedek II (imave basilis) kaTalikosobis dros (1517-1529<br />
wlebi) Semdgara, igi yofila Zma bagrat mefe muxranbatonisa. am mefis<br />
iZulebiT kaTalikoss saeklesio mamulebi gaucia, kerZod ki miucia<br />
ufliswulebisaTvis, anu Tavisi ZmisSvilebisaTvis, ris gamoc igi<br />
kaTalikosobidan gadauyenebiaT. amis gamo p. karbelaSvili wers -<br />
`samRvdeloTa krebam kaTalikosi basili (melqisedeki) sxvaTa Soris mcxeTis<br />
mamulebis gacemis gulisTvis gansdevna armazis monasterSi da<br />
kaTalikosobidan daamxo: `q. kaTalikozma patronma basili ZmiswulTaTvis<br />
daiWira kunenelTa sami kuamli kaci da sxva srulad patrons bagrats misca<br />
da misaqcieli, Tekena da werovnis naxevari. kopinasSvilebi daasaxla da<br />
daukarga mcxeTas. asre rome ... ragvarac TviTan moekida mcxeTas dasaqcevrad,<br />
aRarca sxvaTa gamoenaxva. miyves xeli Sinaurma da gareulma mcxeTis mamulsa<br />
sasyidrad, da asre daikarga, rome rac sofeli aris zogan naxevari, zogan<br />
mesamedi aklia - daikarga mcxeTisTvis... mcxeTis damqcevni arian. rogorc es<br />
yuela mcxeTis daqceva da Secodeba gamoaCnda, mefeman saekudro waarTva da<br />
gaagdo da amisave brZanebiTa Cven martaci wavarTviT da issav memkvidresa<br />
miuboZeT~. kaTalikosoba CamoerTva 1527-1529 wlebs Sua da mis magier<br />
kaTalikozad dadginda germane~ 105 . aqedan Cans, rom mefea meTauri eklesiisa.<br />
1531-1549 wlebSi qarTlis kaTalikosis malaqias dros Sedga saeklesio<br />
kreba, romelic malaqiasTan erTad moiwvia afxazeTis kaTalikosma evdemosma.<br />
maT Seadgines da saxelmZRvanelod gamosces sakaTalikozo kanonebi.<br />
kaTalikoz domenti qaixosros Ze muxranbatons 1663 wels dausaflavebia<br />
astarabadidan Camosvenebuli gvami Teimuraz I-isa `didis samRvdelo<br />
krebiT~ 106 . aq `kreba~ niSnavs krebuls, iseve rogorc nikoloz kaTalikosis<br />
sigelSi, XVII s-is bolos. `ese nikolozi Tavis krebiT swers 1676 w. 6<br />
Tebervals moskovis mefes Teodore aleqsis Zes gramotas - Semweoba gagviwie<br />
winaSe sparseTis yeenisao~ 107 .<br />
p. karbelaSvilis wignidan Cans, rom sparseTis mier dapyrobil<br />
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, romelic ukve sparseTis imperiis nawilad<br />
miiCneoda iranelTa mier XVI s-is bolodan, qarTlis kaTalikosis dadgenaSi<br />
saWiro gamxdara nebarTva iranis Sahisa. `1687 wels Sah-solimani swers<br />
firmanSi ioane kaTalikozs `radgan Tqveni wina moadgile (nikolozi) ar<br />
daemorCila nazarali xans, igi ganvkveTeT da Tqven ioane dagadgineTo~ 108 . am<br />
kaTalikoz ioanes, mefe erekle I-is TanxmobiT, mouwvevia mRvdelmTavarTa<br />
kreba 1680 wlis 12 marts, romelic Seexeboda daviT garejas samonastro<br />
cxovrebis aRdgenas Sah-abasis mier aoxrebis Semdeg. rac man 1615 wels<br />
aRdgomas diliT daviT garejaSi 60000 ber-monazoni gaJlita, garejas udabno<br />
mere veRar aRorZinebula, Tumca Semdegi mefeebi cdilan gansakuTrebiT
`Sanaozis Ze, mefed dadginebuli arCili~. krebam ganawesa erTi winamZRvari<br />
`mama~, romelsac unda damorCileboda daviT-garejas yvela beri. yovelgvari<br />
Semosaval-Sesawiri berebs am mamisTvis unda CaebarebinaT. krebam sastiki<br />
sasjeli daado am krebis damrRvevs. 1680 wlis krebas xeli moawera: bodbelma,<br />
rusTvelma, alaverdelma, samebelma, ninowmidelma, tfilelma<br />
mTavarepiskoposma domentim da mTavarepiskoposma qristeforem 109 .<br />
1703 wels Semdgarma `samRvdeloTa krebam~ sakaTalikozo taxtze aiyvana<br />
domenti axlad mosuli ruseTidan, kaTalikozad akurTxes 1705 wels. krebas<br />
uari uTqvams kaTalikozobis ori kandidatisTvis. yofili kaTalikosis<br />
evdemos II-sa da aseve yofili kaTalikozis nikolozisTvis 110 .<br />
kaxeTSi saeklesio mamulebs dauwyes dataceba da ciloba. amis gamo, 1707<br />
wels, `domenti wavida yeenTan saCivlelad da misi wyalobis firmaniT kaxeTSi<br />
Cavida imam yuli xanTan. gaariga saqme da mivida mcxeTaSi~ 111 . iranis Sahebis<br />
didi gavlenis Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili wers: `iese aRiZra SuriT da vaxtangi<br />
daabezRa yeenTan - `TaTrobis mteriao, miwaze daaxeTqa yurani da mere<br />
cecxlSi dawvao~. yeenma gamomZiebeli gamogzavna. svimon batoniSvilic ieses<br />
miemxro, vaxtangs ar Ralatobda mxolod samRvdeloeba... domentim da TiToorola<br />
samRvdeloT uneblieT umowmes vaxtangis winaaRmdeg~ 112 . 1713 wels iese<br />
gamefda, `svimonma Seipyro domenti kaTalikozi da baqars gaugzavna Tvalebis<br />
dasaTxrelad `sparseTSi myofs vaxtangs rad emxrobio~, magram dedofalma<br />
rusudanma (vaxtang VI-is meuRle) ar uyo. domentim krebisaTana daswyevla<br />
svimoni, gaCnda saSineli Wirianoba da svimons col-Svili erTianad<br />
amouwyda~ 113 .<br />
kaTalikosis sikvdilis win `Tamarma moaxdina samRvdeloTa kreba da<br />
domentis CvenebiT aRirCies kaTalikozad ieses Ze antoni, im dros quTaTeli,<br />
antonma uari sTqva~ 114 .<br />
qarTuli eklesiis saqmeebSi yeenis garda ereoda, agreTve, osmalos faSa,<br />
Tbilisis dapyrobis Semdeg. 1727 wels ieses daxmarebiT besarion orbelians<br />
miumxria isay-faSa, `Seapara qrTami da miiRo kaTalikozoba, 1728 w.~ 115 .<br />
1755 wlis 16 dekembers samRvdeloTa krebam mcxeTaSi antons `axada<br />
kaTalikozobis xarisxi da mRvdelT moqmedeba aukrZala, xolo misi<br />
Tanamoazreni da megobarni dasajes, am krebazed antonma aRiara Tavisi<br />
Secodeba, xolo Semdeg krebazed, 4 aprils 1756 w. Seinana Tvisi danaSauli da<br />
gamoutyda krebas yvelaferSi. gamosTxova Teimuraz mefes nebarTva mRvdelmoqmedebisa<br />
da ruseTSi wasvlisa~ 116 .<br />
1720 wlis 17 oqtombers, dabadebuli antoni 18 wlis asakSi berad aRikveca<br />
gelaTSi, 2 Tebervals. 3 Tebervals, SabaTs, diakvnad akurTxa eqvTime<br />
gaenaTelma mitropolitma. 20 wlisas xeli daasxa mitropolitad afxazeTis<br />
kaTalikosma grigolma quTaisis taZarSi - 27 seqtembers, SabaT dRes. 22 wlisa<br />
naTlismcemlis monasterSi Sevida mowesed, 1743 wlis 5 ianvars kaTedris<br />
datovebis Semdeg 117 . qarTlis yofil samefoSi, vaxtang VI-is da antonis mamis<br />
ieses kraxis Semdeg, givi amilaxvari uZlieres didebulad gadaiqca. masTan<br />
antonis damoyvrebis cnobili marcxis Semdeg antonis berad Sedgoma 1720 w. p.<br />
karbelaSvils miaCnia kaxeTis samefo dinastebis, Teimuraz I-isa da erekle IIis<br />
politikur moxerxebad. maT gza gaexsnaT qarTlis taxtisaken, romelzedac<br />
pretenzias acxadebda Teimurazis meuRle dedofali Tamari, vaxtang VI-is
qali. givi amilaxvari `sikvdilamde ebrZoda sparsebs da qarTlis samefos ar<br />
anebebda Teimurazsa da erekles, jer vaxtangis Svilebs iwvevda qarTlSi<br />
gasamefeblad da mere abdula-begi, igive arCili wamoayena qarTlis<br />
memkvidred~ 118 . abdula-begi antonis Zma iyo. sakaTalikozo taxtze Teimurazis<br />
mier antonis mowveva politikuri angariSianobiT iyo ganpirobebuli. qarTlis<br />
taxtis memkvidris antonis sakaTalikoso taxtze asvliT samefo taxtze misi<br />
pretenziebi unda ganeitralebuliyo, magram anton kaTalikosma `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
Sinaur cxovrebaSi gacilebiT meti gavlena moipova, vidre erekle mefem~ 119 .<br />
qonebrivadac antoni ufro mdidari iyo, vidre mefe Teimurazi, amis gamo<br />
antoni mefes `Semweobas aZlevda saeklesio qonebidan gaWirvebis dros~ 1 .<br />
p. karbelaSvili, Sesabamis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT mkveTrad acxadebs, rom<br />
`antoni mainc yovel SemTxveviT sargeblobda qarTlis taxti CamorTmeoda<br />
Teimurazs~ 120 . 1747 wels antonis Zmam abdula-begma ganizraxa qarTlis taxtis<br />
daWera ajanyebiT. TbilisisaTvis aTi Tve sisxlis Rvra iyo, `anton<br />
kaTalikozma mxari dauWira abdula begs (Tavis Zmas) da dauloca amisTana<br />
safaTerako ganzraxva. bolos TviTonve Seariga gamarjvebul erekles~ 2 , am<br />
dros Teimuraz mefe sparseTSi iyo... Teimurazis gamarjvebis da ganmtkicebis<br />
Semdeg qarTlis taxtze, antoni krebam `daamxo, gandevna da wirvisagan<br />
daayena~. antoni daapatimres, igi werilSi madlobs Teimurazs, `rom ar<br />
mokla~ 121 .<br />
marTalia, antoni TbilisSi aRiarebda, rom `Sevcdi am ors sityvaze:<br />
sulisa wmidis saqmezed da papis ufrosobazed~, magram peterburgSi<br />
CasvlisTanave igi kategoriulad uaryofda am braldebas, uwodebda<br />
ciliswamebas, amtkicebda Tavis srul marTlmadideblobasa da agreTve imas,<br />
rom mefe Teimurazma igi sakaTalikoso taxtidan Camoagdo politikuri<br />
mizezebis gamo, radganac `qarTlis samefo taxtis kanonieri memkvidre me var,<br />
xolo Teimuraz I ara qarTlis, aramed kaxeTis mefeao~. ruseTis wmida sinodi<br />
mravali Semowmebis Semdeg darwmunda antonis srul marTlmadideblobaSi da<br />
aiyvana ruseTis eklesiisaTvis erT-erT umaRles samRvdelo kaTedraze -<br />
vladimirisa da ieropolis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si mTavarepiskoposis tituliT.<br />
mogvianebiT ruseTis wmida sinodis wevradac ki daniSna. antoni ruseTSi<br />
darCa 1763 wlamde.<br />
antonis nacvlad qarTlis kaTalikosis saydarze asuli iosebis (1755-1763)<br />
dros erekle mefem saeklesio kreba moiwvia, mis dadgenilebas aqvs 11 muxli.<br />
esaa mimarTva episkoposTa da samRvdeloTa mimarT saeklesio saqristiano<br />
wesrigis moTxovniT. krebis oqms xels awers, pirvel rigSi, erekle mefe,<br />
Semdeg ki kaTalikos-patriarqi iosebi. krebis oqmidan Cans, rom kaxeTis<br />
samRvdeloebas centraluri samefo da saeklesio xelisufleba sifrTxiliT<br />
epyroba, radganac Cans gaRvivebulia is Wiri, romelmac aTabagebis dros<br />
mesxeTis eklesiis separatistuli gandgoma gamoiwvia. oqmSi amitomac<br />
naTqvamia: - `erekle mefisagan da yovlisa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a kaTalikoz<br />
patriarqisa iosebisagan esreT siyvaruliT euwyos miss siwmides yovlad<br />
samRvdelos arqiepiskopos amba alaverdels zenons, wmidasa da yovlad<br />
samRvdelos nekresel episkoposs dosiTeoss da wmidasa da yovlad<br />
samRvdelos samebel episkoposs ioanes 122 .
1755-1756 wlebTan dakavSirebiT p. karbelaSvili wers, rom `antoni da misi<br />
Tanaziarni (magaliTad, anCisxatis dekanozi aleqsi) krebis ganCinebisamebr<br />
gakriWes (Tma da wveri)~ 123 . antoni werda vladimiridan aleqsi dekanozs, `maT<br />
egonaT Cveni mRvdlobis Zala TmebSia~ 124 . antoni 11 Tve patimari yofila,<br />
mxolod 1756 w. aprilSi gamgzavrebula ruseTSi _ moskovSi 1757 wlis<br />
ianvarSi, peterburgSi ki martSi Casula. rogorc aRiniSna, igi ruseTis erTerT<br />
umTavres kaTedraze aiyvanes mRvdelmTavrad, miuxedavad amisa,<br />
saqarTveloSi mwvaleblobad CaTvales da dawves antonis Txzuleba `miwyales<br />
Targmaneba~. `vinc antonis megobari darCnen saqarTveloSi, ioseb kaTalikozma<br />
dausjeli aravin gauSva~ 124 . udanaSaulod, antonTan megobrobis gamo dasaja,<br />
adgilidan gadaayena da mRvdelmoqmedeba aukrZala anCisxatis saxelovan<br />
dekanozs aleqsis, romelsac antoni swerda: `Tavisi sakuTari saxeliT<br />
mosulebma, Cven uflis saxeliT mosulebi gangvdevnes, maT mier daTxeuli<br />
Seni sisxli uflis winaSe adioda abelis sisxlis msgavsad... Sen Tavs<br />
upativcemulod moepyrnen avazakebi, romelTa bunebrivi saqme iyo sxvisi<br />
qonebis mtacebloba, sxvisi saxlis Tavis saxlTan mierTeba da sxvisi mamulis<br />
Tavis mamulTan mierTeba~ (`SemrTavi saxlTa saxlisa mimarT da agarakTa<br />
agarakisa mimarT~) 124 .<br />
p. karbelaSvilis azriT, anCisxatis saxelovani dekanozi aleqsi mxolod<br />
antonisadmi siyvarulis gamo cildawamebuli kaTolikur mwvaleblobaSi,<br />
yovelmxriv Seuracxyofili sami dRe atares Tbilisis moednebsa da quCebSi,<br />
imave mizeziT ki cemiT mokles antonis deida xvaraSani - mefe erekle I-is<br />
asuli. igi `cilwamebuli ZaRlTa da mxecTa misagdeblad daisaja~ 125 . antoni<br />
ruseTSi mTeli Tavisi yofnis manZilze, ara mxolod ruseTis uwmidesi<br />
sinodis, aramed yoveli kacis winaSe mudam ambobda, rom mas udanaSaulod<br />
cili daswames da arasodes igi kaTolikur mwvaleblobas mikedlebuli ar<br />
yofila. antonis am udanaSaulo dasjas saqarTveloSic Sinagani daZabuloba<br />
da mRelvareba mohyolia, amitomac igi werda: - `maT egonaT, rom Cemi<br />
sakaTalikoso taxtidan CamogdebiT saqarTveloSi mSvidoba damyardeboda,<br />
magram ar dacxra RvTis risxvis berva da mRelvarebis qari~. amis gamo erekle<br />
II-s mamamisTan, mefe TeimurazTan didi usiamovneba hqonda da dReniadag<br />
ayvedrida antonis gaZevebas. gaigo Tu ara ereklem ruseTSi myofi mamis,<br />
Teimurazis sikvdilis ambavi, maSinve kaci afrina antonTan ruseTSi da<br />
saqarTveloSi moiwvia sakaTalikoso taxtze kvlav asasvlelad. antons<br />
samgzavrod ruseTis sinodma gamouyo Tanxa.<br />
saqarTveloSi antonis CamosvlisTanave, erekle mefem da antonma 1764 wlis<br />
2-18 oqtombers moiwvies saeklesio kreba. krebas daeswrnen mefe erekle, anton<br />
kaTalikosi, mTavarepiskoposi kirile, episkoposi besarioni, tfileli<br />
qristefore, mroveli germane, ninowmideli saba, mangleli nikolozi,<br />
rusTveli iosebi (im dromde kaTalikosi). krebam aRiara antonis<br />
mowinaaRmdegeTa cilismwamebloba, e.i. saeklesio krebam kidev erTxel aRiara<br />
antonis sruli udanaSauloba, kaTolikur mwvaleblobaSi misi ubraloeba da<br />
amitomac sastikad dasaja is sasuliero pirebi, vinc antons cili daswama~ 126 .<br />
pirvel rigSi ki is, romelmac SecdomaSi Seiyvana wina saeklesio kreba,<br />
mRvdeli zaqaria gabaSvili, mZvinvare mteri kaTalikosisa. mas CamoarTves<br />
mRvdloba da ereklem qveynidanac ki gaaZeva. amiT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis
mmarTvelobam sinanuli gamoTqva antonis umizezod dadanaSaulebisa da<br />
kaTalikosobidan gadayenebis gamo, da ufro metic, sixaruliT daubruna mas<br />
pirvelmRvdelmTavris taxti. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias ruseTis sinodis winaSe<br />
uCivla gankveTilma zaqariam, ruseTis sinodma upasuxa - `wadi da anton<br />
kaTalikoss Sendoba Txove~ 127 .<br />
antonma daaarsa sasuliero gamgeoba, anu `dikasteria~, imgvaradve, rogorc<br />
ruseTSi iyo. antonis mier amoqmedebuli stamba, romelic ruseTSi misi<br />
gadasaxlebis dros gauqmda, antonis dabrunebis Semdeg kvlav amoqmedda. aq<br />
antoni beWdavda rusulis mixedviT Sesworebul qarTul saeklesio wignebs<br />
`antoni didaT xels uwyobda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ruseTTan daaxloebas, 1769 w.<br />
pirvelad daibara mironi ruseTidan~ 128 . 1783 w. ivlisSi ruseTTan dadebuli<br />
traqtatis ZaliT antoni aRiarebul iqna ruseTis sinodis wevrad. `am<br />
windauxedavma saqmem Searyia Tavisufleba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> aTas oTxaswlovani<br />
eklesiisa da nel-nela daumorCila sinods 28 wlis ganmavlobaSi. anton<br />
kaTalikosi didi madlieri iyo ruseTisa. misi mxriv didi Secdoma iyo, rom<br />
qarTuli saeklesio wignebi slavianurzed Seaswora, anu TviT Seadgina<br />
zogierTi sagalobelni da ugulebel hyo Zveli qarTvel mamaTagan Sedgenili<br />
sakiTxav-sagalobelni: slavianur saeklesio wignebis Secdomani Semoitana<br />
qarTulSi enis ucodinrobis gamo. ruseTidan mobrunebuli mudam cdaSi iyo<br />
saqarTvelo daeaxlovebina ruseTisaTvis...~ 129 .<br />
p. karbelaSvilis mixedviT, ruseTis wmida sinodis mier <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis xelSi aReba daiwyo anton kaTalikosis dros jer<br />
misi ruseTis wm. sinodis wevrad SesvliT, ruseTidan mironis miRebiT,<br />
yovelive rusuli saeklesio wesrigis saqarTveloSi gadmonergviT da misken<br />
miswrafebiT. antonis am `did Secdomas~, rogorc is uwodebs, uZebnis<br />
Tavisebur axsnas. antons rogorme Tavidan unda aecilebina zaqaria<br />
gabaSvilis, misi frTisa da maT ukan mdgomi didi politikuri Zalis<br />
ciliswameba antonis aramarTlma-dideblobis Sesaxeb. antonma verafriT<br />
daarwmuna isini, rom igi erTguli iyo mamapapuri marTlmadideblobisa.<br />
sabolood gare YTvalnaTeli magaliTebis daxmarebiT, rogoricaa ruseTidan<br />
mironis miReba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis, ruseTis wmida sinodis<br />
wevroba, qarTuli saeklesio wignebis rusulis mixedviT `gasworeba~, Tumca<br />
amis saWiroeba, p. karbelaSvilis sityviT, ar arsebobda, aiZulebda<br />
mowinaaRmdegeebs veRar gaebedaT antonis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvis Setana.<br />
amis Sedegad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba, misi gadaqceva<br />
rusuli saxelmwifos administraciul-Cinovnikur erTeulad da qarTveli<br />
xalxis eklesiisadmi gulmxurvalebis ganeleba mohyva, rac z. gabaSvilisa da<br />
misi aRmZvreli politikuri Zalebis mizeziT moxda. es iyo maTi qmedebis<br />
saboloo Sedegi.<br />
meliton kelenjeriZe Tavis `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sakaTalikoso eklesiis mokle<br />
istoriaSi~ 130 mimoixilavs saeklesio samarTalsac. misi azriT, `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesia Tavisi organizaciiT Zalian mogvagonebs dasavleT evropis<br />
feodalizms Sua saukuneebSi. am mxriv yvelaze ufro sami movlena ipyrobs<br />
yuradRebas: a) memkvidreobiTi principi, b) samoqalaqo samsaxuri da g)<br />
eklesiis samxedro organizacia 131 . misi azriT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi<br />
`farTo demokratizmi iyo daculi~, magram zogierTi Tanamdeboba
memkvidreobiT gadadioda mamidan Svilze (mag., jvarTmtvirTveloba,<br />
mouravoba, xSirad `karis dekanozoba~, kandelakoba da sxv).<br />
`sasuliero wodebas samoqalaqo da samxedro funqciebic epyra.<br />
magaliTad, Tbileli aTanase `naibadaa~ wodebuli, grigol wurwyabeli<br />
episkoposi erisTavicaa e.i. olqis ufrosi. erisTavia saba mtbevaric...<br />
glonoqor mTavarepiskoposi erisTavadac iyo `barzabod pitiaxSisagan qarTls<br />
da hereTs~. amaSi kidev ufro gvarwmunebs Wyondidelis Tanamdeboba...<br />
WyondidelobaSi, rogorc fokusSi, Tavmoyrilia saeklesio, samoqalaqo da<br />
samxedro moxeleoba... vaxuStis azriT, `misi xelisani iyvnen qvriv-obolni,<br />
Sewuxebulni da SeWirvebulni. es iuwyebda amaTTa yovelsave mefesa. eseve iyo<br />
mwignobarTuxucesi. ese miscemda mefisagan brZanebasa eklesia-monasterTa da<br />
laSqarTa mowvevad da maTTa samWirnoTa moxsenebad mefesa~. erT sabuTSi<br />
Wyondideli ixsenieba rogorc `patroni~, `proto upertimosi~ da `vazirTa<br />
yovelTa upirvelesi~.<br />
Wyondideli sasaxlis ministricaa, ganaTlebisac da samxedroc.<br />
Wyondideli pirveli kaci iyo mefisa da kaTalikosis Semdeg... Wyondideli<br />
sasaxleSi Sinauria, rogorc sasaxlis ministri. es iqidan Cans, rom axal<br />
wels igi yvelaze adre ulocavda mefes da yoveli krizisis dros mefe<br />
pirvelad Wyondidels ekiTxeboda. Wyondidels xmalic ertya da<br />
sardlobda~ 132 .<br />
m. kelenjeriZis TvalsazrisiT, `eklesia Zlieri samxedro organizacia iyo<br />
da did monawileobas iRebda samSoblos dacvis saqmeSi... omSi midiodnen<br />
kaTalikosic, episkoposic da saeklesio ymebic. saba mtbevari episkoposi omSia<br />
laSqriT, malaqia gurieli jiqeTSi gahyva mTavrebs saomrad, maqsime<br />
jumaTelma afxazebi daamarcxa erkeTSi, Wyondidels xmali ekida, Tumca<br />
`ridebiTa monazonebisaiTa ara ixada xrmali~ 133 . mroveli episkoposi<br />
avaliSvili 1624 wlis marabdis brZolaSi monawileobda Tavisi droSiTa da<br />
laSqriT. brZolis win episkoposma miugo jars: `dRes brZola aris<br />
sarwmunoebisa da qristes mcnebisa da ara mxolod Cem zeda, amisTvis ara vyo,<br />
ukeTu uwinares Tqvensa ara davTxio sisxli Cemi maxvilis amRebman~,<br />
saspaspeto droSa hqonda bodbelsa da nekreselsac. yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
samxedro roli rusTvels eniWeboda, episkoposebSi zogi mTavarsardlobda,<br />
zogic mTavarsardlis droSis qveS idga. ase rom, zog episkoposs sxva<br />
episkoposebi Tavis droSis qveS hyavda, rogorc generals – oficrebi.<br />
rusTveli mTavarsardlobda. mas saolqo droSa hqonda, igi qiziyis mouravis<br />
toli iyo, iseTive droSa hqonda 133 . m. kelenjeriZe ixilavs sul 5 saeklesio<br />
krebas (anCis, javaxeTis, ruis-urbnisis (1103), XVI s. imereTis, goris (1755-<br />
1756) 134 .<br />
qarTuli samarTlis istoriis SeswavliT gansakuTrebiT iyo<br />
dainteresebuli niko mari, `saxelmoxveWil akademikoss ganzraxuli hqonda<br />
moemzadebina saTanado specialisti saeklesio samarTlis ganxriT~ 135 . niko<br />
mari monawileobas iRebda im saeklesio `winaswar sakrebulos~ sxdomaSi, 1906<br />
wlis 1 dekembers, romelsac xelewifeboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
Sesaxeb kompetenturi azris gamoTqma.<br />
sxdomas eswrebodnen umaRlesi sasuliero pirebi, saeklesio istoriisa da<br />
saeklesio samarTlis specialistebi arqiepiskopos nikandris<br />
TavmjdomareobiT. krebas eswreboda imereTis episkoposi leonide, mogilevis
episkoposi stefane, sami rusi dekanozi, profesorebi - berdnikovi,<br />
briliantovi, a. cagareli, a. xaxanaSvili, i. popovi, sokolovi, ostroumovi,<br />
zaozerski, almazovi, butkeviCi, glubokovski, palmovi, Seini. niko marma<br />
waikiTxa moxseneba `qarTuli eklesiis istoriis narkvevi uZvelesi droidan~,<br />
romelic exeboda saeklesio samarTlis sakiTxebs, kerZod, aRniSnavda, rom<br />
qarTuli eklesiis ierarqia saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi yalibdeboda 136 . `jer<br />
kidev V s. iakob curtavelis TxzulebaSi ixsenieba `Tavi igi episkoposTa -<br />
samoel, pirveli kaTalikosi... <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis meTauri, rogorc Cans,<br />
ukve meeqvse saukuneSi ierarqiulad arsebiTad damoukidebeli iyo da<br />
kaTalikosis titulsac atarebda, xolo grigol xanZTelis xanaSi, mecxre<br />
saukuneSi, rogorc Cans, patriarqis (mamamTavris) wodebas iferebda~ 137 .<br />
qarTveli da somexi pirvelierarqebi `erTmaneTis kaTalikosobas saeWvod ar<br />
Tvlidnen~ 138 . n. mari gamoTqvamda araswor Sexedulebas, TiTqosda somxuri<br />
qalkedonituri saepiskoposoebi VIII s-is mcxeTis kaTalikoss daeqvemdebara da<br />
amis Sedegad aRmoCnda qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, aseTebad mas miaCnda<br />
`iSxnis, anCis, valaSqertis, banis, anisa da yarsis eparqiebi~ 138 , sinamdvileSi,<br />
samxreT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleoba Seqmnili politikuri<br />
viTarebis gamo, VIII-IX saukuneebamde imyofeboda somxuri eklesiis<br />
iurisdiqciiis qveS (VI s-dan), gaTavisuflebis Semdeg VIII-IX ss. daubrunda<br />
qarTuli dedaeklesiis wiaRs, xolo somxeTSi mcxovrebma qarTvelebma<br />
(magaliTad, anisSi da sxvagan) daaarses qarTuli saepiskoposoebi 139 .<br />
n. maris azriT, bizantiaSi xatmebrZolobis epoqaSi `erT mxares idgnen<br />
umaRlesi saero moxeleebi da episkoposebi, romelnic imis momxreni iyvnen,<br />
rom imperators Tvalyuri edevnebina eklesiisaTvis da waremarTa kidec misi<br />
saqmianoba, xolo meore mxares idgnen berebi... isini im mosazrebiT<br />
xelmZRvanelobdnen, rom saero xelisufleba ar unda ereodes sasuliero<br />
wodebis saqmeSi. es mimarTuleba damarcxda bizantiaSi~.<br />
saqarTveloSi, mesxeTSi ki piriqiT, n. maris azriT, gaimarjva meore<br />
mimarTulebam. aq, eklesiis meTaurebi `Zlier Zalad grZnobdnen Tavs da<br />
eklesiis damoukideblobas saero xelisuflebisgan gaSmagebiT icavdnen~<br />
(eyrdnoboda giorgi merCules Txzulebas). g. nadareiSvili amasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT wers - `samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom<br />
`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> istoriam icis iseTi xana, roca qveynis ideur-politikur<br />
cxovrebaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWebaT mesxeTis udabnoebis anu<br />
monasterTa winamZRvrebsa da <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> amave mxaris episkoposebs, es aris<br />
mecxre saukune~ 140 . g. nadareiSvili ganagrZobs - `sasuliero pirTa<br />
gansakuTrebiT maRali mdgomareoba Cans beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignisaTvis<br />
darTul e.w. bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignidanac, romelsac a. kikviZe<br />
mecxre saukunis Zeglad miiCnevs da arcTu usafuZvlod. aq Semonaxuli<br />
samarTlebrivi normebis mixedviT episkoposi `meore mefed~ aris miCneuli.<br />
Tumca samarTliani sababiT mefe episkoposs `xelTa~ ver Seipyrobs, `amisTvis<br />
rome meore mefe ebiskopozi aris da qristianeTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~<br />
($102). maSindel mesxeTSi sasuliero pirebi, gansakuTrebiT, berebi, did Zalas<br />
warmoadgendnen. araiSviaTad isini Tavis damoukideblobas saero<br />
xelisuflebis winaSe warmatebiT usvamdnen xazs. giorgi merCules<br />
moTxrobili aqvs, Tu rogor SeZlo klarjeTis udabnoTa arqimandritma
grigol xanZTelma guaram mamfalis survilis winaaRmdeg arsenis<br />
kaTalikosad datoveba. beri saba iSxneli bagrat kurapalatis mier weriliT<br />
dabarebuli urCobas iCens da ar cxaddeba mis winaSe... da mxolod mas Semdeg,<br />
rac saba iSxneli grigol xanZTelis baraTTan erTad xelmwifis meore<br />
ustars Rebulobs, cxaddeba mis winaSe. sasuliero pirebi, araiSviaTad,<br />
saeklesio xelisuflebis saxelmwifo xelisuflebis winaSe upiratesobasac ki<br />
usvamdnen xazs. isini TiTqos Teoriuladac asabuTebdnen samRvdeloebis<br />
upiratesobas saero mTavrobasTan SedarebiT, magram saganTa logikis ZaliT<br />
iZulebulni iyvnen saero xelisuflebasTan konfliqtebs moridebodnen~ 141 .<br />
n. maris azriT, bizantiis kanonmdebeli imperatoris, basili pirvelis (867-<br />
886) mowiwebiTi damokidebuleba saerTod qarTuli eklesiisadmi da, kerZod,<br />
wmida ilarion qarTvelisadmi imiT yofila gamowveuli, rom basili pirveli<br />
diofiziti somexi iyo, am xanebSi ki somexi marTlmadideblebi mcxeTis<br />
taxtis xelqveiTni iyvnen 141 , sinamdvileSi ki basili imperatori qarTul<br />
eklesiasa da ilarion qarTvels pativs miagebda maTi siwmidisa da qristes<br />
mcnebebis erTgulebis gamo, rogorc es marTlmadidebel imperatorebs<br />
ekadrebodaT. man kargad icoda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> monastrebis wesisa da kanonis<br />
damdeb wmida ilarion qarTvelis sulieri Zliereba, madlmosileba. Tumca<br />
isicaa SesaZlebeli, rom eTnikuri warmoSobiT imperatori basili pirveli<br />
qarTveli iyo da mas romelime wyaro grigol bakurianis Zis msgavsad<br />
`somexs~ uwodebda. miT umetes, rom imperatori basili I Tavis Svilebs<br />
qarTul enas aswavlida ilarion qarTvelis `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad 142 . ilarion<br />
qarTvelis mowafe qarTvel berebs imperatorma basilim `mohgvara orni Zeni<br />
Tvisni leon da aleqsandre da hrqua: `aswaveT amaT enai da wigni Tqueni!~ 142<br />
rogorc cnobilia, basilis Svili leon brZeni Semdgom foti patriarqma<br />
aRzarda.<br />
n. maris mixedviT, `patriarqis wodeba qarTveli kaTalikosis<br />
titulaturaSi maSin Cndeba, rodesac misi iurisdiqcia gafarTovda da<br />
gavrcelda dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a da didi somxeTis marTlmadideblur<br />
eparqiebze. somxuri marTlmadidebluri eparqiebi uSualod mcxeTis patriarqs<br />
emorCilebodnen. amave dros maTi gansakuTrebuli interesebis damcvelad<br />
mcxeTis kaTalikosTan sapatio adgilze zis specialuri sasuliero moxele<br />
mitropolitis wodebiT, romelic didi somxeTis sulieri moTavea~ 143 . rac<br />
Seexeba dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>, n. maris azriT, mTeli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
gaerTianebis Semdeg mcxeTis kaTalikoss afxazeTis kaTalikosTan SedarebiT<br />
garkveuli upiratesoba eniWeboda. amasTan dakavSirebiT n. mari miuTiTebda,<br />
rom is, rogorc es 1020 wlis cnobili dokumentidan Cans, `mama kaTalikosad~<br />
iwodeboda. sazeimo dReebSi mcxeTis kaTalikosis Semdeg meore sapatio<br />
adgili Wyondidels, xolo mesame didi somxeTis mitropolits<br />
ganekuTvneboda~ 143 .<br />
n. maris mixedviT, is, rom qarTul eklesias hyavda Tavisi kaTalikosi,<br />
maCvenebelia eklesiis avtokefalobisa 144 . e. i. IX s-Si qarTuli eklesia<br />
avtokefaluri iyo. ufro adre ki (gulisxmobs VII-VIII ss) bizantiuri<br />
saeklesio samarTlis normebis Sesabamisad kidev erTxel miiRo Tavisi<br />
damoukideblobis dadastureba antioqiisagan 145 .
n. maris mixedviT, qarTul eklesias IX s-mde ar hqonda mironis kurTxevis<br />
ufleba. rogorc grigol xanZTelis cxovrebidan Cans, es ufleba man moipova<br />
842-859 wlebSi, roca man Sewyvita ierusalimidan mironis Semotana (iqve, gv.<br />
20), sinamdvileSi ki, rogorc es garkveulia Cven mier, qarTlis<br />
sakaTalikosoSi mironi IV-V saukuneebidanve ikurTxeboda. mogvianebiT<br />
daarsebul lazikis samitropolitos bazaze aRmocenebul afxazeTis<br />
sakaTalikosoSi, konstantinopolSi xatmebrZoluri eresis gavrcelebis gamo,<br />
mironis Semotana daiwyes ierusalimidan (konstantinopolis nacvlad), IX sdan<br />
ki efrem didi mawyverelis mecadineobiT saeklesio normebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, ierusalimis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> TanxmobiT, dawesda, rom<br />
afxazeTis (da ara `aRmosavleTis~) kaTalikosebs mironi ierusalimis nacvlad<br />
adgilzeve, qarTlSi unda mieRoT, radganac `afxazeTic qarTlia~, saeklesio<br />
erTianobis gamo afxazeTisTvis saWiro mironis kurTxeva `qarTls ganewesa~<br />
IX s-dan 146 .<br />
karTagenis krebis me-6 muxlidan Cans, rom V s. 20-ian wlebamde mironis<br />
kurTxevis neba ara mxolod episkoposebs, mRvdlebsac ki hqondaT, rac<br />
akrZala krebam: `sacxebeli (mironi) mRvdlis mier ar unda damzaddes~ 147 ,<br />
magram mironis kurTxevis ufleba dautova episkoposebs.<br />
qarTuli samarTlis istoriisaTvis sainteresoa n. maris mosazreba, rom<br />
`Zvel saqarTveloSi saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis erToba warmoadgenda<br />
udavo faqts~ 148 . Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesis Tanamdeboba (saxelo) n.<br />
mars miaCnda `saqarTveloSi odesRac arsebuli sasuliero da saero<br />
Zalauflebis erT xelSi Tavmoyris tradiciis gviandel gadmonaSTad. amasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT man yuradReba miaqcia xevisberobis instituts moxeveebSi da<br />
a.S.~ 148 am sakiTxis gasaSuqeblad dauweria specialuri gamokvleva `xelmwifis<br />
karis garigebis Sesaxeb~, romelic jerjerobiT gamoqveynebuli ar aris 148 .<br />
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa n. maris dakvirveba somxuri `vardapetis~<br />
institutis mimarT, romelic mogvagonebs XII s-mde qarTul eklesiaSi<br />
arsebul `moZRvrobis~ instituts 149 .<br />
n. maris azriT, somxuri eklesiis wyaroebis mixedviT, vardapeti niSnavda<br />
ara bers, anda ubralod arqimandrits, aramed moZRvars (maswavlebels). `Zvel<br />
somxur eklesiaSi vardapetis, rogorc moZRvar-maswavleblis roli da<br />
avtoriteti metad mniSvnelovani iyo rTuli sasuliero sakiTxebis<br />
gadawyvetaSi, rogorc Cans, mas ufro meti wona hqonda, vidre episkoposs an<br />
Tundac kaTalikoss... vardapetebs ara mxolod maswavlebloba-moZRvrobis<br />
ufleba hqondaT, aramed mosamarTlisac. maT xelSi iyo msajulobac~ 150 .<br />
am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTvel `moZRvarsac~ ruis-urbnisis krebamde,<br />
Cans, iseTive uflebebi gaaCnda, rac somxur vardapets. moZRvari eklesiis<br />
maswavlebeli iyo da, Cans, mosamarTlec. amas unda migvaniSnebdes is, rom<br />
qarTveli mefis darbazis karze myofi `moZRvarT-moZRvari~, umaRlesi<br />
msajulisa da mosamarTlis uflebiT iyo aRWurvili. moZRvari, romelsac<br />
msajulis funqciebi ekisreboda, Cans, qarTulad `merCuled~, rjulis mcodned<br />
da amave dros mosamarTled (msajulad) iwodeboda. unda vifiqroT, rom VII-IX<br />
saukuneebSi, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> daSlilobisas qveynis gaerTianebamde eklesiis<br />
xelSi Zalauflebis Tavmoyrisa da zogjer saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis<br />
erT xelSi Tavmoyris dros (romlis tradiciul gadmonaSTad n. mars miaCnda
Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesis Tanamdeboba), moZRvarTa instituts iseTive<br />
didi mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTveloSi, rogorc vardapets somxeTSi. magram<br />
imis Semdeg, rac saqarTvelo gaerTianda da TviTmpyrobelobisaken moswrafe<br />
mefis xelisuflebam Tavis gverdiT ver igua saero xelisuflebisagan<br />
ukiduresad damoukidebeli da amave dros Zlieri Zalis mqone eklesia,<br />
saxelmwifos saWirod miuCnevia moZRvrobis institutis Sekveca. amas unda<br />
migvaniSnebdes ruis-urbnisis krebis me-12 kanoni, `moZRvrad wodebulTa maT<br />
monazonTa~ Sesaxeb: `pirvelad amas ganvsazRvrebT raTa umRvdelosa ara<br />
xelewifebodes ganmkiTxvelobad sulTa, araTu episkoposi iyos, anu mRvdeli<br />
anu diakoni, rameTu pirvelad Sekvrisa da ganxsnisa xelmwifebasa uxms<br />
qonebad da egreTRa gankiTxvisa sulTaisa xel-yofad~ 151 .<br />
maSasadame codnas, mecnierul ganaTlebas, romlis gamoc beri iRebda<br />
`moZRvris~ wodebas, amis Semdeg ukve mniSvneloba aRar eniWeboda, aramed<br />
moZRvris wodeba SeiZleboda miniWeboda naklebmcodnes, magram nakurTx, anu<br />
xeldasxmul sasuliero pirs. amas axsnas kreba me-12 kanoniT imiT uZebnis, rom<br />
`Sekvrisa da ganxsnis xelmwifeba~ marTlac aqvs mociqulTagan memkvidreobiT<br />
xeldasxmul `episkoposs, mRvdelsa da diakons~. rogorc aRiniSna, niko maris<br />
Tanaxmad vardapetis umTavresi Tviseba esaa mecnieruli codna, am codnis<br />
gamo mopovebuli ufleba msajulobisa, maswavleblobisa. ruis-urbnisis<br />
krebis Semdeg ki, rogorc aRiniSna naklebi mcodnec xeldasxmis meoxebiT<br />
SeiZleboda `moZRvari~ gamxdariyo, anu `sulTa ganmkiTxveli~. unda iTqvas,<br />
rom somxur eklesiaSi vardapetobis instituti warmoadgenda sasuliero<br />
wodebis mecnierTa gansakuTrebul korporacias 152 . vardapetebi iyvnen<br />
saeklesio moZRvrebaTa da gadmocemaTa erT-erTi kompetenturi damcvelni,<br />
amxsnel-ganmmarteblebi da ganmaviTarebelnic. n. mari Tvlida, rom Zveli<br />
somxeTis vardapetebi TavianTi maRali uflebamosilebis simaRleze<br />
Rirseulad idgnen. Zveli somxuri saeklesio wyobilebis Tanaxmad, maT<br />
sapatio adgili hqondaTY gankuTvnili sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa<br />
sistemaSi da maT Soris samarTalSemoqmedebis sferoSiac. swavluli<br />
vardapetebis korporaciam somxuri samarTlis istoriaSi didi roli iTamaSa,<br />
da radgan n. maris TvalsazrisiT feodaluri somxeTi qarTuli saxelmwifos<br />
SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda eklesiurad da istoriuli tao-klarjeTic somxeTis<br />
yofil nawilad miaCnda, amitom am instituts qarTul eklesiazec gavlena<br />
unda moexdina. sinamdvileSi, marTalia, VI saukunis Semdeg qarTvelTa qveyana<br />
tao da nawilobriv misi mimdebare qarTuli mxareebi somxuri eklesiis<br />
gavlenis sferoSi imyofeboda, arabTa Semosevebis Semdeg bizantielTa<br />
gavleniT am qarTulma kuTxeebma Tavi daaRwies somxur saeklesio batonobas<br />
da VIII-X saukuneebSi daubrundnen qarTul dedaeklesias. rac Seexeba<br />
merCule-moZRvar-maswavleblobis instituts, mas didi avtoriteti unda<br />
moepovebina arabTa mier qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis dasustebis gamo<br />
saeklesio gavlenis gaZlierebis dros. vardapetis xelSeuvali avtoriteti<br />
Taobidan Taobas, maswavleblidan moswavles gadaecemoda somxuri masalebis<br />
mixedviT 152 . aseve unda yofiliyo saqarTveloSic, magaliTad, 985 wels sinas<br />
mTaze gadawerili iakobis Jamis wirvis anderZebSi ioane zosime ixsenebs<br />
Tavis moZRvrebs, viTarca ucilobel avtoritetebs, romelTagan miiRo codna,<br />
`viTa me vicode moZRvarTagano~, wers igi. am SemTxvevaSi maT (anu moZRvarTa)<br />
xelSia wmida werilis teqstebze zrunva, rac TavianT movaleobad miaCniaT.
mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignis mixedviT, vardapetobis kandidats evaleboda<br />
`Zveli da axali aRqmis wignebisa da kanonikuri dadgenilebebis safuZvliani<br />
codna. Tanac gamocdis dros gamosacdels dawvrilebiT unda moeTxro<br />
gamomcdelisaTvis `sad da visTan Seiswavla man saRvTo werilis TiToeuli<br />
wigni~ 153 . ioane zosimec aseve axsenebs Tavis mecnier moZRvars, kerZod,<br />
zemoaRniSnul wignTan dakavSirebiT gvauwyebs: `am wignis dedani Tavidan<br />
bolomde nakluli iyo da imas ar udgeboda, rac me maswavleblebisagan<br />
mqonda naswavli an Cemi Jamis wirvis wignebSi ewera, amitomac ar momwonda,<br />
mexveweboda: rac magaSi sweria, marto is damiwereo, mec marto is davwere,<br />
rac dedanSi ewerao~... mas, vinc ioane zosimes am davalebas aZlevda, z.<br />
WumburiZis azriT, `kargad hqonda Segnebuli Zveli wignebis mecnieruli<br />
Rirebuleba da sagangebod uvlida maT, esenia moZRvrebi, romelnic<br />
`mecnieruli interesebiT swavlobdnen Zvel xelnawerebs, uvlidnen da<br />
icavdnen mas~ 154 .<br />
amave movaleobas wignebis mimarT, n. maris azriT, asrulebdnen<br />
vardapetebic. isini iyvnen saRvTo werilis tradiciuli teqstebis damcvelni<br />
da maTze mzrunvelni, zogjer daxelovnebuli kaligrafebi, Zveli da axali<br />
aRTqmis wignebis pirveli mTargmnelebi. patriarq sahakis 36-e kanonSi<br />
naTqvamia, rom `wmida da ubiwo sarwmunoebis saWeTmpyrobelni arian<br />
mociqulebi, winaswarmetyvelebi da vardapetebi~. partavis saeklesio krebis<br />
meeqvse kanonSi aRniSnuli iyo, somxeTis miwaze RvTisSemecnebis madlis<br />
Semnaxvelebi arian vardapetebi da unda vizrunoT maTi rigebis zrdisaTviso.<br />
somxeTis saeklesio krebis muSaobaze did gavlenas axdendnen vardapetebi.<br />
anisis saeklesio krebaze didi roli iTamaSa vardapetma mxiTar goSma.<br />
vardapetebs ara mxolod maswavlebloba-moZRvrobis ufleba hqondaT, aramed<br />
mosamarTleobisac. maT xelSi iyo marTlmsajulebac. am garemoebam<br />
gamoxatuleba pova vardanis igavTa krebulSi. `mxiTar goSi, _ aRniSnavda niko<br />
mari, _ avtori saeklesio da saero kanonebis krebulisa, vardapeti iyo. es<br />
sakmarisi aRmoCnda imisaTvis, rom mis wigns oficialuri samarTlis wignis<br />
mniSvneloba moepovebina. am samarTlis wignis I nawilis 70-e muxlis mixedviT,<br />
Tundac patriarqs ar SeeZlo araviTari siaxlis SemoReba saeklesio krebis<br />
gareSe im sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, rac eparqiebs, kaTedrebsa da samwysos Seexeba.<br />
mxiTar goSis samarTlis wigni vardapetebis mimarT maT sasuliero da<br />
samoZRvro-samaswavleblo saqmianobis sferoSi araviTar SezRudvas ar<br />
iTvaliswinebda, piriqiT, imisTvis, rom vardapetebis sapatio wodebisaTvis<br />
Crdili ar mieyenebinaT, kanoni maT Soris mwvave davasa da kamaTs krZalavda.<br />
rogorc Cans, fiqrobdnen, rom vardapetebis ideur Sejaxebas sarwmunoebisa da<br />
eklesiisaTvis zianis motana SeeZlo. amitom im monasterSi, sadac erTi<br />
vardapeti mainc iyo, am ukanasknelis mowvevis gareSe stumrad ar SeiZleboda<br />
misuliyo meore vardapeti~ 155 .<br />
mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignis es muxli exmianeba ruis-urbnisis krebis<br />
me-12 muxls. magram msgavseba mxolod garegan mxares Seexeba. pirveli (mxiTar<br />
goSisa) ar zRudavs monasterSi vardapetebis ricxvs, aramed mxolod<br />
momsvlel, ucxo vardapets ukrZalavs monasterSi adgilobrivi (Tundac<br />
erTaderTi) vardapetebis nebarTvis gareSe misvlas. ruis-urbnisis krebis me-12<br />
muxliT ki aikrZala monastrebSi moZRvrebis simravle (`mravalsa SfoTsa da<br />
ganxeTqilebisa mizezsa SemoiRebs simravle maTi~), dawesda did monasterSi
mxolod or-ori, mcireSi ki erTaderTi moZRvris arseboba, magram gacilebiT<br />
ufro arsebiTia is, rom, rogorc aRiniSna, axla moZRvrad ukve ara<br />
mecnieruli codnis mixedviT dadgindeboda, aramed mxolod sasuliero<br />
kurTxevis meSveobiT, rac, safiqrebelia, mizezi unda gamxdariyo qarTul<br />
eklesiaSi mecnieruli codnis donis dacemisa. marTlac XII saukunis Semdgomi<br />
saeklesio cxovrebis duRili da samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo-saliteraturo<br />
kvleva-Zieba (igulisxmeba XIII-XVII) verafriT Seedreba VIII-XI saukuneebis<br />
gasaocar simaRles saeklesio mecnierebis zrda-ganviTarebisa. Tumca isic<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom XII saukuneSi jer kidev didi iyo Zala moZRvrobis<br />
institutisa, rasac mowmobs daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi, roca man mTeli<br />
Tavisi qoneba monastrebs dautova Tavisi moZRvris xeliT: Cemma Svilma<br />
demetrem `yoveli misces moZRvarsa Cemsa... raTa romelni monasterni mamulisa<br />
Cemisani gamimwarebian, moZRvarman Cemman ukan cemiTa maTiTa alocnes<br />
CemTviso~.<br />
niko mari zrunavda qarTuli samarTlis istoriis Sesaswavlad, radganac<br />
igi ar iyo saTanado doneze damuSavebuli. revoluciis Semdeg ki, aTeistebis<br />
batonobis dros, cxadia, qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis istoria ar<br />
ganviTarebula, amis gamo kidev ufro dasafasebelia niko maris nafiqri am<br />
sferoSi. igi ikvlevda qarTul saero samarTalsac. n. mari fiqrobda, rom<br />
warmarTuli epoqis saqarTveloSi mefe Tavis xelSi aerTianebda saero da<br />
sasuliero Zalauflebas. igi amave dros qurumTuxucesi iyo 156 . `qarTuli<br />
samarTali da sarwmunoeba adreul ZeglebSi erTi sityviT gamoixateboda~.<br />
mefe pirvandeli iafeturi sazogadoebrivi warmodgeniT RvTis nacvalia,<br />
misave qurumi, mRvdeli~ 157 . n. maris mixedviT qarTuli ena, misi kultura da<br />
eTnosi uZvelesia da mas `saerTo aqvs mTeli kacobriobis aRorZinebasTan~,<br />
man ori anbani Seqmna (xucuri da mxedruli) imis gamo, rom misi erovnuli<br />
sulieri Semoqmedeba ukidures simaRleze iyo atanili 158 . anbanis Seqmnas<br />
warmarTobis epoqaSi debda, amiT exmianeboda Teimuraz batoniSvils,<br />
romelsac anton II-is biblioTekaSi upovia wigni `matiane SemecnebaTa~,<br />
romlis mixedviTac qarTvelebs farnavazamde hqoniaT anbani, damwerloba,<br />
oRond igi xevisberTa, anu qurumTa wreSi yofila farulad mosaxmari - es<br />
iyo xucuri anbani, igi ebraulis mixedviT yofila Seqmnili. farnavazs misgan<br />
ganuviTarebia mxedruli anbani 159 . samarTlis terminologiis dadgenis dros<br />
n. mari misula daskvnamde, rom sityva `sazepuro~ - sparsuli warmoSobisaa<br />
(zenduri `visoputra~, aqedan `sepuh~) da niSnavs `sakuTars~, `sobstvenni~,<br />
Semdeg miiRo warCinebulis mniSvneloba. TviTon `samarTlis~ fuZe `marTalSi~<br />
gamoyo fuZe `arT~ `arta~. Zveli induri `arta~, `rta~ niSnavda simarTles,<br />
siwmindes. Zvel sparsulSi `arta~ (arTa) erqva RvTaebasac (magram gvaqvs<br />
waRmarTi, ukuRmarTi, aRmarTi, daRmarTi, mimarTva, momarTva da sxva).<br />
aleqsandre vaCeiSvilma 1946-48 wlebSi gamoaqveyna Tavisi naSromi<br />
`narkvevebi qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan~.<br />
al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, ivane javaxiSvilma safuZveli Cauyara qarTuli<br />
samarTlis istoriis sakiTxebis mecnierul Seswavlas, mohyavs iv.<br />
javaxiSvilis Tvalsazrisi, rom qarTuli samarTlis istoriis Seswavlas<br />
abrkolebs qarTuli iuridiuli Zeglebis kritikulad gadasinjuli da<br />
dadgenili teqstebis gamoucemloba.
al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, `Zveli drois saero kanonmdeblobidan Cven xanamde<br />
qarTuli iuridiuli Zeglebi ar Semonaxula~ 160 . Semonaxulia mxolod erTi<br />
iuridiuli Zeglis nawyveti - `bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignis<br />
nawyveti~, romelic iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, bagrat III-is xanas, XI s. damdegs<br />
ekuTvnis. ucxoeli mkvlevaris, karstis SexedulebiT, X-XI ss-Si Sedgenili<br />
bagratis kodeqsi xelaxla gadamuSavebuli da Sevsebuli kanonikuri<br />
samarTlis elementebiT da saepiskoposo-saeklesio samarTlis zegavleniT<br />
moTavsebulia aRbuRas kodeqsSi 161 . am kodeqsis daniSnulebaa Seqmnil iqnes<br />
Sereuli iurisdiqciis dargi, romelic ganawilebulia saero xelisuflebasa<br />
da eklesias Soris, rac gasagebs xdis kanonikuri samarTlis im Zlier<br />
elements, romelsac vnaxulobT am kanonmdeblobaSi 162 .<br />
saero xelisuflebis sasjelis garda, kanoni damnaSaves aseve emuqreba<br />
saeklesio xasiaTis sasjeliT (igulisxmeba beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis e.w.<br />
`kanonikuri samarTali~), es ukanaskneli ki metad sastiki iyo 163 . iv.<br />
javaxiSvili ambobs: `SeCvenebuls veravin miekareboda, aravis ar unda eSvela<br />
misTvis, Tund rom gaWirvebuli yofiliyo, imitom rom vinc ki mas miiRebda,<br />
isic wyeul-SeCvenebuli gaxdeboda~.<br />
al. vaCeiSvilis SexedulebiT, bizantiis sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio cxovrebaSi moqmed samarTlad iyo miCneuli. qarTuli<br />
eklesiis iuridiul normebs Zlieri gavlena hqondaT saero samarTalze.<br />
zogierTi saero samarTlis institutis wyaro saeklesio kanonmdeblobaSi<br />
unda veZioT. Zvel saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT X-XI ss-Si metad farTo iyo<br />
saeklesio sasamarTloebis iurisdiqcia. maT eqvemdebareboda iseTi saqmeebi,<br />
romlebic Semdgom saukuneebSi saero sasamarTloebis xelSi gadavida 164 . iv.<br />
javaxiSvilis sityviT, `qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis moqmedebis asparezi<br />
wmida saeklesio cxovrebis mowesrigebiT ar ganisazRvreboda, aramed<br />
gacilebiT ufro farTo daniSnuleba da sarbieli hqonda 165 . . saeklesio<br />
samarTlis Zeglebis gziT aris Semosuli qarTul sasamarTloSi sxvadasxva<br />
iuridiuli cneba. am mxriv saqarTvelo gamonakliss ar warmoadgens, radgan<br />
imave movlenas adgili aqvs dasavleT evropis xalxTa iuridiul cxovrebaSi<br />
da agreTve rusuli samarTlis istoriaSic~ 166 .<br />
al. vaCeiSvilis dakvirvebiT, evropeli mkvlevaris, karstis SexedulebiT<br />
saqarTveloSi ori umaRlesi xelisuflebis – saeklesio da saeros -<br />
arsebobam gamoiwvia umaRlesi iurisdiqciis or dargad dayofa, sasulierod,<br />
romelic ekuTvnoda kaTalikoss da saerod, romelic mefis xelT iyo. ori<br />
iurisdiqciis arsebobas karsti did rols miawers. am faqts, misi sityviT,<br />
Tanamedrove iuristebma ar miaqcies saTanado yuradReba. am dayofas karsti<br />
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs, radganac sisxlis samarTlis dargi<br />
saerTod, principialurad, kaTalikosis saeklesio kompetenciaSi Sedioda,<br />
samoqalaqo iurisdiqciis dargis saojaxo da saqorwino samarTalic –<br />
eklesiis xelSi iyo 167 . amiT xsnis karsti im garemoebas, rom samefo kanoni<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis ganxilvisas meryeobas iCens da Cveulebriv maT<br />
akuTvnebs kaTalikozis kompetencias, amave faqtSi eZebs igi imis axsnas, rom<br />
kaTalikosTa kanonebi arsebiTad sisxlis samarTlis dargs ekuTvnian da<br />
sikvdiliT dasjas da gaZevebas aweseben. politikuri mosazrebis gamo<br />
kaTalikozi `nebayoflobiT uTmobs~ sisxlis samarTlis iurisdiqciis nawils
mefes, gansakuTrebiT ganaCenTa aRsrulebis sferoSi da im dargs, rac<br />
sxeulis sasjelebTan aris dakavSirebuli (dasaxiCreba, asoTmiReba, Tvalebis<br />
daTxra)~. maSasadame, karstis mtkicebiT, sisxlis samarTlis samarTlis<br />
saqmeebi eqvemdebareboda kaTalikozs, xolo samoqalaqo samarTlisa,<br />
zogierTi gamonaklisiT – mefes. al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, aseTi daskvna<br />
faqtebs, saqmis namdvil viTarebas ar Seesabameba. misi azriT, iurisdiqcias<br />
sisxlis samarTlis dargSi Sereuli xasiaTi hqonda. orive, rogorc<br />
sasuliero, ise saero marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis saqmeSi<br />
monawileobda – vaxtangis kanonebis zogierTi im muxlis Tanaxmad, sadac<br />
erTad aris moxseniebuli mefisa da kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia 168 .<br />
iv. surgulaZis SexedulebiT arsebobda danaSaulTa specialuri sfero,<br />
romelic mxolod eklesiis iurisdiqciis sagans Seadgenda (sarwmunoebrivi,<br />
zneobrivi da ojaxuri urTierTobis niadagze warmoSobili danaSauli),<br />
magram amave dros saerTo xasiaTis danaSauls (mkvleloba, qurdoba da sxva)<br />
iTvaliswinebs da sjis Tavisi dadgenilebebiTa da sanqciebiT. amis mizezad<br />
mkvlevars miaCnia is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi eklesia mxars uWers<br />
xelisuflebas da TanamSromlobs danaSaulis devnasa da dasjaSi 170 .<br />
`saeklesio samarTali, rogorc <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifo cxovrebaSi<br />
bizantiis gavlenis Semomtani da gamomsaxveli, sisxlis samarTlis dargSi<br />
ueWvelad sajaro sawyisebs icavda... romlis Tanaxmad, damnaSave unda<br />
daisajos ara dazaralebuli piris, aramed saxelmwifos interesebis<br />
dasakmayofileblad... kaTalikozTa samarTalSi sasjeli swored sajaro<br />
safuZvelzea agebuli~ 171 .<br />
al. vaCeiSvilis SexedulebiT, eklesia Zlier politikur da ideologiur<br />
gavlenas axdenda mTel imdroindel sazogadoebriv urTierTobebsa da yofacxovrebaze,<br />
sazogadoebis msoflmxedveloba, kultura, zne-Cveuleba da<br />
samarTali religiuri suliskveTebiT iyo gamsWvaluli. zogierT qveyanaSi<br />
eklesia aRwevda kidec politikur upiratesobas. eklesiis Zlieri politikuri<br />
mdgomareobis Sesabamisad misi iurisdiqciac farTo iyo. XII s-isaTvis<br />
eklesiam safrangeTSi moipova vrceli kompetencia, mas eqvemdebareboda<br />
sisxlis samarTlis da aseve samoqalaqo saqmeebi, Tumca zogjer<br />
paralelurad saero xelisuflebis organoebTan 171 . amis mizezad al.<br />
vaCeiSvils miaCnia saxelmwifo xelisuflebis daknineba, saxelmwifos ideis<br />
dasusteba, meore mizezad Tvlian imas, rom sazogadoebrivi azri eklesiis<br />
sasamarTloTa mxareze iyo, isini udavod ufro maRla idgnen, vidre saero<br />
xasiaTis sasamarTloebi. eklesia Zalian farTod avrcelebda Tavis<br />
iurisdiqcias saero pirebze.<br />
saqarTveloSi eklesias gaaCnda farTo iurisdiqcia sxvadasxva sakiTxSi 172 .<br />
vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignis 61-e muxlidan Cans, rom kaTalikosis<br />
kompetencia gansazRvruli iyo sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi. sxva zogierT<br />
muxlSi laparakia eklesiis sasamarTlo kompetenciaze (muxli 24, 62, 64, 65, 66,<br />
78, 79, 81, 82, 95, 96, 97, 155, 262). zogierTi muxlis Tanaxmad, saqmis ganxilvis<br />
ufleba ekuTvnis mxolod kaTalikoss, zogierT muxlSi kanonmdebeli<br />
iTvaliswinebs kaTalikosis da mefis SeerTebul iurisdiqcias (igulisxmeba<br />
vaxtang VI-is kanonebi).<br />
beqas kanonebidan gamomdinare, karstis SexedulebiT, mawyvereli araa<br />
mxolod saaTabagos uzenaesi pontifi, igi imave dros saero batonia, romelic
inawilebs aTabagTan sakanonmdeblo da umaRles xelisuflebas, mis<br />
iurisdiqcias ekuTvnis 1. Ralati, 2. SebrZolebani da Tavdasxmebi feodalebs<br />
Soris, sadac mawyverels hqonda Carevis da arbitraJis ufleba, romelsac igi<br />
iyenebda vetos dadebis da zavis Camogdebis gziT; 3. mZime danaSaulni,<br />
Cadenilni erTi da imave ojaxis an gvaris wevrebs Soris, 4) saojaxo,<br />
saqorwino da memkvidreobis anu kanonikuri, sasamarTloebi, romlebic<br />
mawyverels eqvem-debarebian.<br />
al. vaCeiSvilis SexedulebiT karstis mier gamoTqmuli azri<br />
gadaWarbebuli araa da istoriul sinamdviles Seesabameba. karsti laparakobs<br />
mawyverelze, magram es Seexeba saerTod qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcias, mis<br />
mdgomareobasa da uflebebs marTlmsajulebis dargSi, am mxriv saaTabagoSi<br />
miRebuli saeklesio cxovrebis wesebi da eklesiis privilegiebi qarTuli<br />
eklesiis privilegirebuli mdgomareobis gamomxatveli iyo 173 .<br />
iv. surgulaZe `narkvevebi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifosa da samarTlis<br />
istoriidan~ ganixilavs saeklesio gadasaxdelebs. Zlier gavrcelebuli<br />
sayovelTao saeklesio gadasaxadi iyo drama, `am gadasaxdelis Sinaarsi<br />
mdgomareobda garkveuli raodenobis xorbleulis gadasaxdelSi. XVII-XVIII<br />
saukuneebSi drama fulidan produqtebis gadasaxdelad gadaiqca~ 174 . sxva<br />
gadasaxdeli iyo `sakanono~. mas eklesia iRebda damnaSavisagan. `saeklesio<br />
sasamarTlos eqvemdebareboda garkveuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi~ 174 ,<br />
magaliTad, erTi cnobiT mkvlel damnaSaves gadaaxdevines sakanonod erTi<br />
xari, jvardauwerel qmars – ori xari da sxva. uziareblad gardacvalebisas<br />
Wirisuflis sakanono iyo erTi xari. mesame gadasaxdeli iyo `niSani~ - esaa<br />
gamosaRebi, romelsac eklesiis msaxurni iRebdnen vismes gardacvalebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi 175 . mas ixdida mosaxleobis yvela fena episkoposis sasargeblod.<br />
amis garda, sxvadasxva wesis Sesrulebisas monaTvla, gvirgvinis kurTxeva,<br />
gardacvalebisas ixdidnen morwmuneni 176 .<br />
iv. surgulaZe naSromSi `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis wyaroebi~, exeba<br />
xevsureTSi SemorCenil wess, roca mniSvnelovani saqmis garCevis dros<br />
ganaCenis an gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad mimarTavdnen `bWes~ an `rjulis<br />
kacs~ - aseTi `rjulis kacebi~ mravalia xevsureTis sxvadasxva sofelSi.<br />
`rjulis kaci~ Wkua gonebiT saxelganTqmuli xnieri kacia, cnobilia, viTarca<br />
Cvevebis didi mcodne. Tu saqme mniSvnelovani iyo da imave dros aseTi saqmis<br />
Sesaxeb garkveuli wesi ar axsovdaT an sakiTxi sadavo iyo, maSin `rjulis<br />
kacebs~ iwvevdnen xevsureTis yvela soflidan da isini erTad Sekrebilni<br />
arCevdnen saqmes. es wesi 177 , romelic SemorCa xevsureTSi, Zvel saqarTveloSi<br />
odesRac arsebuli wesrigis anarekli unda iyos. TviT sityva `rjulis kaci~,<br />
igivea, rac Zveli qarTuli `merCule~, `merjule~, rjulis, e.i. kanonis, wesis<br />
mcodne. merCuleTa anu `rjulis kacTa~ erTad Sekreba albaT anareklia<br />
krebisa, sasamarTlo Sekrebisa, anu Tu gnebavT saeklesio krebisa, radganac<br />
`rjuli~, swored saeklesio sferos ganekuTvneba, Tumca ZvelqarTulad<br />
rjuli igivea, rac kanoni, wesi, romlis damcveli yovelTvis eklesia iyo.<br />
iv. surgulaZe aRniSnavs, rom `saeklesio Sinaarsis Zeglebs qristianul<br />
qveynebSi, da kerZod, saqarTveloSi moqmedi samarTlis mniSvneloba hqondaT.<br />
aseTi Zeglebi orgvaria: msoflio saeklesio krebebis kanonmdebloba,<br />
romlebic gadmoTargmnili iyo qarTulad da qarTuli, e.i. adgilobrivi
saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebani. saeklesio Sinaarsis Zeglebi qarTuli<br />
saxelmwifosa da samarTlis istoriis SemswavlelTaTvis mravalmxriv aris<br />
sayuradRebo: maTSi moipoveba saintereso masala saxelmwifo samarTlis,<br />
sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis institutebis Sesaxeb. am Zeglebis<br />
saSualebiT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saxelmwifosa da eklesiis<br />
damokidebulebis sakiTxebi, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania es Zeglebi saojaxo<br />
samarTlis institutebis Sesaswavlad, radganac, rogorc cnobilia, eklesia<br />
saojaxo sakiTxebis mimarT gansakuTrebul interess iCenda. qarTuli<br />
samarTlis istoriis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelovania<br />
adgilobrivi, qarTuli saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebani. saeklesio<br />
sasamarTlos eqvemdebareboda zogierTi saero Sinaarsis saqme qorwinebis,<br />
gayris, col-qmarTa damokidebulebisa da sxv. amasTanave, sisxlis samarTlis<br />
zogierTi saqme, saero sasamarTlo sasjelis garda, damatebiTi saxiT,<br />
saeklesio sasamarTlos sasjelsac iwvevda. amasTanave, eklesia garkveul<br />
urTierTobaSi imyofeboda samefo xelisfulebasTan: hyavda jari, moxeleebi,<br />
hqonda Tavisi droSa da sxv.~ 178 .<br />
iv. surgulaZis azriT - `kanons Zvel qarTulSi sjuli ewodeboda.<br />
tipikonSi gvxvdeba termini `Sjulis-deba~ e.i. sjuldeba 179 , romliTac<br />
aRiniSneba gangeba, wesdeba, TviT tipikoni. samefo xelisuflebis mier<br />
Sedgenil kanonebs sjuldeba erqva 180 .<br />
`beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis e.w. `danarTi muxlebis~ raobisa da<br />
mniSvnelobis garkvevis sakiTxi... sakuTriv beqa-aRbuRas samarTali Sedgeba 98<br />
muxlisagan (aqedan beqas ekuTvnis 65, aRbuRas – 33 muxli), am samarTals<br />
vaxtangiseul nusxaSi axlavs 72 e.w. `danarTi muxli~, romelTagan 62 muxli<br />
(99-160), ukanaskneli gamokvlevebiT, miCneulia bagrat kurapalatis samarTlad,<br />
xolo 10 muxli (161-170) – kanonikuri samarTlis fragmentad. qarTul<br />
istoriografiaSi amJamad gabatonebulia Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviT es 72<br />
muxli TiTqos SecdomiT aris darTuli beqa-aRbuRas samarTalze da,<br />
maSasadame, ar warmoadgens beqa-aRbuRas saxeliT cnobili Zeglis nawils...<br />
Tvalsazrisi, TiTqos zemoT xsenebuli 72 muxli SecdomiT iyo darTuli beqaaRbuRas<br />
samarTalze, swori ar aris – aseve mcdaria azri, TiTqos danarTi<br />
muxlebis ZiriTadi nawili (99-160) marto bagrat kuparalatis samarTals<br />
warmoadgendes 181 .<br />
z. ratiani SeniSnavs, rom beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis danarTi muxlis<br />
arseboba pirvelad iv. javaxiSvilma SeniSna. manve gamoTqva mosazreba, TiTqos<br />
es muxlebi `SemTxveviT da SecdomiT~ iyos darTuli beqa-aRbuRas<br />
samarTalze. is. doliZis azriT, am muxlebis damateba unda mieweros vaxtang<br />
mefis sakodifikacio komisias 182 . frangi mecnieris ak. karstis SexedulebiT,<br />
bagratis kodeqsi Sedga X-XI saukuneebSi, Semdegi redaqcia mas gaukeTa daviT<br />
aRmaSenebelma, SemdgomSi es bolo redaqcia gadamuSavda da Seivso<br />
saepiskopos-saeklesio samarTlis mcodneTa mier da moTavsda aRbuRas<br />
kodeqsSi. z. ratiani aRniSnavs, rom karsts Tavisi Tvalsazrisi dasabuTebuli<br />
ara aqvs. z. ratiani gamoricxavs imis SesaZleblobas, rom vaxtang VI-is<br />
swavlul kacTa komisias daeSva Secdoma da beqa-aRbuRas kanonebisaTvis<br />
miewera e.w. danarTi muxlebi 183 . z. ratiani askvnis, rom e.w. danarTi muxlebi<br />
sinamdvileSi warmoadgens beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis organul nawils,
omelnic avseben da srulyofen mas 184 . z. ratians mohyavs aRniSnuli<br />
`danarTi muxlebis~ SesavalSi arsebuli winadadeba - `saxeliTa RmrTisaiTa<br />
daiwyebis saRmrToisa gaCenili da gasaCeneli, pirvelad daviTian bagrat<br />
kurapalatisa da aRmaSenebelTa mefeT-mefeTa brZanebiTa da merme ebiskoposTa<br />
didebulTa da aznaurTa da WkuianTa kacTa mefeTa winaSe erTbamad gaCenili<br />
gangebiTa RmrTisaiTa~.<br />
aq naxsenebi `aRmaSenebelTa mefeT-mefeTa brZanebiTa~ z. ratians<br />
ganmartebuli aqvs TiTqosda saubaria daviT aRmaSenebelze 185 , sinamdvileSi<br />
ki aq saubaria ara erT `aRmaSenebel~ mefeze, aramed mraval `aRmaSenebel~<br />
mefeze. aRmaSenebeli ar ewodeboda mxolod daviT aRmaSenebels, aramed yvela<br />
keTilmorwmune, qveynis maSenebel mefes, aseTni ki mravalni iyvnen aRmavlobis<br />
gzaze mdgar tao-klarjeTis `qarTvelTa samefosa~ da <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sxva<br />
adgilobriv samefo erTeulebSi, Tu aras vityviT gaerTianebuli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
pirvel mefeebze. aq `aRmaSenebel mefeebSi~ unda igulisxmebodes bagrat<br />
kurapalatis (IX s) Semdgomi mefeebi, romelnic arabTa mier ganadgurebuli<br />
qveynis marTlac rom aRmaSenebelni iyvnen. ase rom, aq daviT aRmaSenebeli ar<br />
unda igulisxmebodes.<br />
z. ratiani gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom monRolTa Semosevebis dros<br />
`yvelaze naklebad eklesia dazianda~ 186 . amitomac Tavisi mdgomareobis<br />
SenarCunebis mizniT saeklesio pirebis mier moxda bagrat-daviTis samarTlis<br />
axali redaqcia monRolTa Semosevis momdevno periodSi 1249-1316 wlebSi. is<br />
`gaZlierebulma samRvdeloebam Tavisi interesebis Sesaferisad gadaakeTa~ 187 .<br />
es mosazreba usafuZvloa. z. ratiani samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom beqaaRbuRas<br />
samarTals Zvel saqarTveloSi `beqasagan ganaCeni samarTali~<br />
ewodeboda. z. ratiani yuradRebas apyrobs samcxis samTavros uzenaes<br />
sasuliero xelisufals – mawyverel-episkoposs. aRniSnavs, rom `faqtiurad<br />
mawyverelis gavlena arcTu Camouvardeba, aramed aWarbebs kidec mTavris<br />
gavlenas~ 188 . `samarTlidan Cans, rom mawyverelis sisxli iseve araa<br />
gansazRvruli, rogorc aTabagisa, maSasadame, oriveni kanonze maRla dganan,<br />
rogorc uzenaesi xelisufalni. aTabagi umaRlesi saero xelisufalia,<br />
mawyvereli – umaRlesi sasuliero xelisufali. rogorc aTabagi ar scnobs<br />
mefis xelisuflebas, aseve mawyvereli ar scnobs kaTalikosis<br />
xelisuflebas~ 188 .<br />
`samarTlidan Cans, rom mawyvereli ara marto sasuliero saqmeebs<br />
ganagebda, aramed saerosac, rasac ukve pirvelive muxli gvimowmebs. gamodis,<br />
rom mawyverelis xelisufleba ufro vrceli iyo, vidre aTabagisa, radgan<br />
aTabagi mxolod saero gamgebelia, mawyvereli ki, garda Tavisi ZiriTadi,<br />
sasuliero moRvaweobisa, saero saqmeebSic ereoda~ 188 . z. ratiani aRniSnavs,<br />
`kanons warmoudgenlad miaCnia moZRvris Sepyroba (episkoposze rom araferi<br />
vTqvaT) ... sakuTriv mRvdeli da monazoni, viTarca sasuliero pirni, maRla<br />
dganan maT saero moZmeebze~ 189 .<br />
g. nadareiSvili friad sayuradRebosa da swors uwodebs iv. javaxiSvilis<br />
mosazrebas, rom `qarTuli saeklesio samarTali marto SinaarsiT ki ar iyo<br />
saeklesio, aramed warmomdinareobiTac. am mxriv qarTuli saeklesio<br />
samarTali ufro romis kaTolikeTa eklesiis `Corpus iuris cononici~-is miagavs,<br />
vidre aRmosavleTis eklesiis, berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio samarTals,
imgvaradve, rogorc qarTuli eklesia Tavisi wes-wyobilebiT bevri TvisebiT<br />
ufro romis saSualo saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune<br />
berZenTa da rusTa eklesiebs~ 190 .<br />
g. nadareiSvili SeniSnavs, rom `qarTuli feodaluri wyobileba~<br />
analogiuria ufro dasavlur-evropulisa, vidre musulmanur-aRmosavlurisa.<br />
aseve saSualo saukuneebis qarTuli saojaxo samarTalic met siaxloves<br />
amJRavnebs evropis qveynebis saojaxo samarTlis institutebTan~ 191 .<br />
g. nadareiSvili saojaxo-saqorwino urTierTobis sakiTxebze didi<br />
mniSvnelobis wyarod miiCnevs mociqulebisa da msoflio da adgilobriv<br />
krebaTa kanonebs. aseve berZnulidan SerCeviT Targmnil kanonikuri samarTlis<br />
Zeglebs... `basili makedonelis proxironis meSvide tituli, romelic<br />
naTesaobis xarisxs exeba, saqarTveloSi moqmed sakanonmdeblo normad unda<br />
CaiTvalos. aseve moqmed an nawilobriv moqmed samarTlad unda CaiTvalos<br />
vaxtangis krebulSi Sesuli e.w. `berZnuli kanonebi~, romlebic maTe<br />
blastaris sintagmas armenopulos eqvs wignTagan Sevsebuls unda<br />
warmoadgendes~ 192 .<br />
`gacilebiT ufro didi mniSvnelobis wyarod unda CaiTvalos qarTuli<br />
adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebi, kaTalikos-patriarqTa<br />
epistoleebi, samarTlis wignebi da sasamarTlo praqtika, agreTve naratiuli<br />
wyaroebi... Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi specialuri saxelmwifo<br />
sakanonmdeblo organo ar arsebobda. erTaderTi kanonmdebeli iyo mefe... aseve<br />
saeklesio krebebic mefeTa dasturiT da mis moxeleTa monawileobiTve<br />
eweodnen sakanonmdeblo saqmianobas~ 193 .<br />
1975 wels gamoqveynda qarTuli kanonikuri samarTlis mniSvnelovani Zegli<br />
`didi sjuliskanoni~, Tavis dros Targmnili arsen iyalToelis mier. mis<br />
winasityvaobaSi enriko gabiZaSvili wers <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> adgilobriv krebebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT: `qarTuli eklesiis istoria misi uZvelesi periodidanve Zneli<br />
warmosadgenia adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebis gareSe, xolo adgilobrivi<br />
krebebi, imisda mixedviT, Tu ra rangisa iqnebodnen isini - kanonmdeblobis<br />
gareSe. marTalia, yvela adgilobrivi kreba saeklesio kanonmdeblobas ar<br />
iTvaliswinebda da mxolod eklesiis mimdinare wvrilmani sakiTxebis<br />
gadawyvetiT kmayofildeboda~ 194 , miuxedavad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> xangrZlivi<br />
saeklesio istoriisa, `originaluri kanonikuri mwerlobis arc erT Zegls<br />
Cvenamde ar mouRwevia XII s. dasawyisamde. bednier gamonaklisad ruis-urbnisis<br />
1105 w. saeklesio krebis Zegliswera unda CaiTvalos, romelic ramdenime<br />
nusxiTaa Semonaxuli... rac Seexeba saeklesio kanonmdeblobis naTargmn<br />
Zeglebs, arc amiTaa mdidari Zveli qarTuli mwerloba.<br />
meaTe saukunemde, qarTul enaze ar SemogvrCenia aramcTu raime Targmnili<br />
kanonikuri krebuli, aramed kanonikuri xasiaTis statiac ki 195 .<br />
e. gabiZaSvili eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvils, rom XII saukunemdec unda<br />
arsebuliyo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebaTa mier gamocemuli Sesabamisi<br />
dadgenilebani da ganCinebani werilobiTi saxiT gadmocemulni, magram dRemde<br />
maT ar mouRweviaT - `krebaTa aqtebi anu `Zegliswera~, iseve rogorc sxva<br />
saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani, romelTa Sesaxeb ubralo cnobebic ki ar<br />
gvaqvs, dReisaTvis dakargulad unda miviCnioT~ 195 .
e. gabiZaSvili ar eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvils, romelic fiqrobda, rom VII s.<br />
dasawyisSi, `epistoleTa wignis~ mixedviT kirionma III epistoles Tanaxmad<br />
specialurad Targmna da somex mRvdelmTavrebs gaugzavna `oTxTa krebaTa<br />
wignebi~, rac miuTiTebs, rom `VI-VII ss <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias msoflio<br />
krebebis ZeglisweraTa wigni hqonia, da amgvarad qarTuli kanonikuri<br />
mwerloba, am SemTxvevaSi msoflio eklesiis kanonebis saxiT, mainc arsebobda,<br />
rasakvirvelia, adgilobrivi krebebis ZeglisweraTa wignebic iqneboda~ 196 . e.<br />
gabiZaSvili eTanxmeba k. kekeliZes, romlis azriTac, `epistoleTa wignis<br />
cnobaSi saubari pirveli oTxi msoflio krebis sarwmunoebis simbolos exeba,<br />
`miT umetes, rom nikeis I da konstantinopolis II msoflio krebaTa aqtebi,<br />
krebis sxdomaTa zustad Cawerili oqmebi, rogoric yvela sxva msoflio<br />
krebis Sesaxeb gvaqvs, saerTod ar unda arsebuliyo~ 197 .<br />
e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, saqarTveloSi kanonikur mwerlobas safuZveli<br />
Caeyara eqvTime mTawmidelis mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobis Sedegad. marTalia<br />
iqamde grigol oSkels (X s. dasawyisi) somxuridan uTargmnia grigol<br />
nazianzelis erTi Txzuleba, romelsac garkveuli kavSiri hqonda I da II<br />
msoflio krebebze arianelTa sakiTxis irgvliv ganviTarebul kamaTTan,<br />
magram igi e. gabiZaSvils mainc miaCnia ara kanonikuri literaturis Zeglad,<br />
aramed dogmatikur-polemikurad da fiqrobs, rom pirveli kanonikuri krebuli<br />
`mcire rCuliskanoni~ eqvTime mTawmidelma Seadgina berZnulidan Targmnili<br />
sxvadasxva kanonikuri statiis safuZvelze, qarTuli eklesiis praqtikuli<br />
saWiroebisaTvis. krebulSi Sesuli: 1. `wesi da gangeba da rCuliskanoni<br />
meeqvsisa krebisa~, warmoadgens trulis 691 wlis krebis saxecvlil krebuls.<br />
2. `kanoni SecodebulTani~, avtorad ioane mmarxveli (konstantinopolis V s.<br />
mTavarepiskoposi) aris dasaxelebuli, rac simarTles ar Seefereba, vinaidan<br />
Zegli VIII-IX saukuneebSi Seqmnilad aris miCneuli. 3. `kanoni dRiTi-dReTa<br />
cTomaTani~, romlis avtorad basilia dasaxelebuli, kidev ufro gviandeli<br />
unda iyos. 4. `Zegliswera~ sarwmunoebisa, romeli aRwers wmidaTa mamaTa<br />
konstantinopoles SekrebilTa, wmidaTa xatTa TayvaniscemisaTvis~ 198 .<br />
e. gabiZaSvilis daskvniT, eqvTimes es naSromi warmoadgens Tavisebur<br />
kanonikur krebuls, Sedgenils trulis 691 wlis krebis kanonebisa da basili<br />
didis kanonebis safuZvelze, romelsac damatebuli aqvs TviT mTargmnelis<br />
mier sxvadasxva wyaros mixedviT Sedgenili kanonebic, maT Soris qarTuli da<br />
somxuri eklesiebis Sesaxebac 199 .<br />
samarTlis sferoSi, aRniSnulis garda, eqvTimes dauweria kanonikurliturgikuli<br />
Sroma, romelSic ganmartebulia disciplinaruli xasiaTis<br />
sxvadasxva sakiTxi. Txzuleba warmoadgens pasuxs giorgi beris SekiTxvaze,<br />
romelic mas Wyondididan eqvTimesaTvis gaugzavnia 200 . e. gabiZaSvili wers,<br />
rom eqvTimes garda zemoaRniSnulisa, uTargmnia `mcneba da gangeba<br />
msoflioTa xucesTa berZnuli, romeli gardmosca qarTulad didma<br />
efTvimi~ 201 .<br />
giorgi mTawmidels uTargmnia Txzuleba `mcneba mRvdelTa mimarT~,<br />
`mcneba wmidisa Jamiswirvisa mimarT, raTa ara wirviden dResa Sina orgzis,<br />
aramed erTgzis~. e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, SesaZloa giorgi mTawmidelma<br />
agreTve Targmna mesame msoflio krebis irgvliv Seqmnili epistolaruli<br />
memkvidreobis nawili, romelsac Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. igi eTanxmeba k.
kekeliZes, rom giorgi mTawmidelis redaqtors an gadamwers Secdoma mouvida<br />
da mas miaweres `wigni meeqvsisa krebisas~ Targmna, agreTve aRniSnavs, rom<br />
marTalia, qarTul naTargmn litera-turaSi bevri Txzuleba Seexeba<br />
saeklesio krebaTa istorias da dogmatikur sakiTxebs, magram maT kanonikur<br />
mwerlobasTan mxolod zogadi Sexeba aqvs (nawili maTi Tavmoyrilia arsen<br />
iyalToelis `dogmatikonSi~) 202 .<br />
`did sjuliskanonTan~ dakavSirebiT, e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, arsen<br />
iyalToelis mier Targmnili aRniSnuli krebuli berZnuli 14-titlovani<br />
nomokanonis - ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis erTaderTi Targmania qarTulad<br />
da es Zegli arc manamde da arc Semdeg ar yofila gadmoRebuli 203 .<br />
e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, arsen iyalToelma `didi sjuliskanoni~ Targmna<br />
1105 wlamde, ruis-urbnisis krebis mowvevamde, radganac krebis `Zeglisweras~<br />
didi sjuliskanonis qarTuli Targmanis kvali atyvia 204 . misi Targmna ruisurbnisis<br />
krebis mzadebasTan yofila dakavSirebuli. amitom misi Targmna XI s.<br />
miwurulSi an XII s. pirvel naxevarSi aris savaraudebeli 205 . arsen<br />
iyalToels SeurCevia nomokanonis is redaqcia, romelic qristianulma<br />
eklesiam 920 wlis konstantinopolis erT-erT udides krebaze oficialur<br />
kanonikur kodeqsad aRiara. e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, termini `sjuliskanoni~ ar<br />
aris `nomokanonis~ Targmani. `nomos~, misi azriT, qarTulad ar udris<br />
`sjuls~. sjuli aq sarwmunoebrivi samarTlis mniSvnelobas unda<br />
gulisxmobdes 206 .<br />
e. gabiZaSvili xangrZlivi kvleviT askvnis, rom ruis-urbnisis<br />
`Zeglisweris~ erT-erTi ZiriTadi wyaro `didi sjuliskanonia~ 207 da<br />
Sedgenil iqna am krebis mowvevamde. misi azriT, ruis-urbnisis kreba mowveul<br />
iqna ara 1103 wels, aramed 1105 wels, Tumca vaxuSti miuTiTebs 1103 wels anu<br />
qarTuli qoronikonis 323 wels 208 . e. gabiZaSvils mohyavs Tavisi angariSi am<br />
krebis mowvevisa, rac damajereblad ar gveCvena 209 .<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis istoriis cnobil mkvlevars babilina lominaZes<br />
mravali naSromi aqvs Cveni eklesiis istoriis calkeuli periodebisa. maTSi<br />
uxvad aris gabneuli mniSvnelovani mosazrebani saeklesio samarTlis<br />
Sesaxebac. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia babilina lominaZis gamokvlevaL<br />
`afxazeTis sakaTalikosos sinodis mier miRebuli kanonebi (XVI s)~.<br />
misi gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, es e.w. `kaTalikosTa samarTalis~ saxeliT<br />
cnobili saeklesio-iuridiuli Zegli gamosca dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>, anu<br />
afxazeTis sakaTalikosos saeklesio krebam (mas mkvlevari `sinods~ uwodebs),<br />
afxazeTis kaTalikosis evdemon CxetiZis dros (1557-1578 ww.). am saeklesio<br />
krebam `SeimuSava kanonebi mosaxleobaSi darRveuli samoqalaqo da saeklesio<br />
wesebis aRsadgenad~ 210 .<br />
babilina lominaZis azriT, `krebis mowvevis dros saqarTvelo mZime<br />
sagareo da saSinao mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda... qveyanas Zirs uTxrida tyveTa<br />
syidva (romlis bazari TurqeTSi iyo, umetesad, afxazeTis meSveobiT).<br />
mosaxleobaSi, gansakuTrebiT afxazeTSi, qristianuli `rjulis garyvna~ am<br />
droisaTvis TiTqmis masobrivi gaxda, radgan yovelmxriv dauZlurebul bars<br />
mieZala mTieli mosaxleoba (adgilobrivi da Crdilo kavkasiidan<br />
gadmosulebi), romlebmac Tan moitanes naxevrad warmarTuli qristianoba...
yovelive am Znelbedobam daarRvia mosaxleobis samoqalaqo da saeklesio<br />
cxovrebis wesrigi~ 210 .<br />
`xsenebuli krebis mier SemuSavebuli kanonebi da windarTuli Sesavali<br />
reliefurad gvamcnobs, Tu saxeldobr ra saxis `uwesobani yofila<br />
mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli. SesavalSi naTqvamia (mogvaqvs SemoklebiT): `me....<br />
yovlisa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a kaTalikozman patriarqman malaqia, me... afxazeTisa<br />
kaTalikozman mamaTmTavarman evdemon, davsxediT da SevkribeniT yovelni<br />
episkoposni afxazeTisani da didi siymili movida codvaTa CuenTagan, mravali<br />
uwesoba da ujero saqme Semovida: kacis kvla, kacis syidva, eklesiis krexva<br />
da uxvedroba. davideviT sjuliskanoni... da sjulis kanonica asre<br />
brZanebs~ 211 .<br />
`garda zemoxsenebuli ori kaTalikosisa, krebas eswreboda yvela<br />
episkoposi dasavleT saqarTvelodan (`afxazeTidan~) - sul aTi: quTaTeli<br />
mitropoliti svimoni, gelaTeli mTavarepiskoposi antoni, mama Wyondideli,<br />
bedieli mitropoliti, moqveli mTavarepiskoposi, drandeli mitropoliti<br />
filipe, cagareli mamamTavari kozman, xoneli mTavarepiskoposi zaqaria,<br />
nikorwmindeli episkoposi iovakim, CaiSeli mamamTavari kirile. am pirebs<br />
daumtkicebiaT krebis oqmi xelis moweriT boloSi `kanoniTa vamtkiceb~.<br />
damswreTa raodenoba 12 akmayofilebda krebis kanonikur wess~ 212 .<br />
b. lominaZe wers,: `krebam SeimuSava metad mkacri sasjelebi, romlebic<br />
gaaforma daaxloebiT 23 muxlSi (kanonSi). `samarTali~ umaRlesi fizikuri<br />
sasjelisagan (sikvdilisagan) ar indobs kacis gamyidvels, romel wodebasac<br />
ar unda ekuTvnodes is. tyvis gamyidveli Tu ver daabrunebs da gamoixsnis<br />
tyves, `veram saqmem ver ixsnas, ukanonodca ars, - Zels mieces~ (CamoxrCobil<br />
iqnes), Tu gamoixsnis tyvis gamyidveli, maSin `SeCvenebul iyos~ (mux. 1). `vinc<br />
eklesia gatexos da xati gaZarcos, ukanonod Zels mieces~ (muxl. 2) aq or<br />
SemTxvevaSi miTiTeba `ukanonod~ imas niSnavs, rom damnaSavis sikvdiliT<br />
dasja Sesruldes sakanonos gareSe, e.i. damnaSaves aRsarebis (sinanulis) da<br />
ziarebis miRebis ufleba (mRvdlis winaSe) warTmeuli aqvs~ 213 .<br />
`is faqti, rom aseTi ganaCeni iSviaTia TviT am `samarTalSic~, mowmobs<br />
aseTi danaSaulis sixSires. misi simkacre imaSi mdgomareobs, rom damnaSave<br />
ispoba aramarto fizikurad, aramed suliTac, romlis xsna sruliad aRar<br />
SeiZleba (is ver moxvdeba sasufevelSi). sikvdiliT dasja Sefardebuli iyo<br />
mefis RalatisaTvis (muxl. 16), colis `dagdebisaTvis~ bralis gareSe (muxl.<br />
23), qristianuli Cveulebis darRvevisaTvis, rogoric iyo rZlis colad<br />
SerTva, dawesebulia SeCveneba, amasTanave, SesaZleblad sanqcirebulia orives,<br />
kacisa da qalis `dakirva~ (muxl. 22). `samarTalSi~ sxvadasxva fizikuri<br />
sasjelebi gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis Semdegi danaSaulebebisaTvis: Zmisa da<br />
mamis mkvlelisaTvis xelis moWra (muxl. 4); udanaSaulod kacis mokvlisaTvis<br />
dawesebulia jarima - sisxlis fasi mixedviT imisa, Tu romel wodebas<br />
ekuTvnis mokluli (muxl. 5); aseve dawesebulia jarima qurdobisaTvis (muxli<br />
6)~ (Jurn. `gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani~) 214 .<br />
`eklesiebisa da monastrebis adgil-mamulebis dacvisaTvis `samarTalSi<br />
Setanilia muxli, romlis Tanaxmad, vinc miiTvisebs saydris sofels, venaxs<br />
da a.S. `SeCvenebul iyos~ (muxli 20); vinc eklesiaSi Seva da `saqonels~
gamoitans, man unda daabrunos saqoneli da amis Camdeni `daSavdes~ (aq<br />
igulisxmeba materialuri an fizikuri sasjeli) (muxli 3)~ 214 .<br />
`sakaTalikoso kreba SeebrZola adgilebze episkoposisagan saeklesio<br />
wesebis darRvevebs, rogoric iyo uRirsi mRvdlis da diakonis xeldasxma,<br />
amisaTvis qrTamis aReba; rom episkoposebi TavianT samwysoSi drodadro ar<br />
dadian rjulis saqmeebis mosawesrigeblad, saydars ar uvlian, ar zrunaven<br />
misTvis mamulebis SematebisaTvis; saydris `SekazmisaTvis~ saWiro inventariT;<br />
zogierT saepiskoposoSi ziarebas saero kacis xeliT agzavnian an saero<br />
pirebi aziareben. yvela am danaSaulisaTvis `samarTali~ awesebs episkoposis<br />
`SeCvenebas~ (muxlebi: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11); episkoposi, romelic ar gaigonebs<br />
kaTalikosis mxilebas mis danaSaulSi da ar gamoswordeba, mefis mier<br />
gaiZeveba saydridan (muxli 15). (aqedan Cans, rom saepiskoposo kaTedras<br />
mRvdelmTavars aZlevs mefe da ara kaTalikosi). qorepiskoposebi, romlebic<br />
ar asruleben TavianT movaleobas, sasjelad imsaxureben SeCvenebas (muxli<br />
12). `samarTalSi~ ganmartebulia, rom Tu saero piri episkoposs da<br />
qorepiskoposs xels SeuSlis samwyso saqmeebis gangebaSi, `sasjelis~<br />
(gadasaxadis) aRebaSi `SeCvenebul ars~ (muxli 13, 14); `vinc kaTolikozsa da<br />
episkoposs aginos da upatiuroba hkadros, rarigadac sjulis kanonSi<br />
eweros, imrigad ganipatiJos~ (muxli 17) 215 .<br />
`bolos, krebis `samarTali~ sasjelad awesebs dakrulva-SeCvenebas<br />
imisaTvis, vinc ar Seiwynarebs am `sjulis wigns~ da ar daemorCileba<br />
kaTolikoss (muxli 21)~ 216 .<br />
`unda aRvniSnoT `samarTlis~ Tavisebureba, rac imaSi mdgomareobda, rom<br />
aq erTad aris ganxiluli saeroTa mier Cadenili danaSauli da sasulieroTa<br />
mimarT Cadenili sxvadasxva danaSauli. aseve saeklesio pirTa mier<br />
Tanamdebobrivi da disciplinaruli darRvevebi da maT mimarT Cadenili<br />
sxvadasxva danaSauli. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, is faqti, rom `samarTalSi~<br />
erTadaa ganxiluli saeklesio da saero xasiaTis danaSaulobebi Sesabamisi<br />
fizikuri da sasuliero sasjelebiT, miuTiTebs iseT Tvisebaze, rac qarTul<br />
samarTalSi Cveulebrivi ar aris~ 216 .<br />
b. lominaZe aRniSnavs, rom `gansaxilvel `samarTalSi~ aRniSnuli<br />
Tavisebureba SeniSna iurist-mkvlevarma niko xizaniSvilma (XIX s.). is wers:<br />
`samarTali~ Seicavs, `saeklesios garda, zog danaSauls, romelic sisxlis<br />
samarTals Seexeba (mag. kaciskvla...). magram faqtis axsnas, rasac avtori iqve<br />
iZleva, ver daveTanxmebiT. misi azriT: `samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlis<br />
`ganucalkevebloba~, rac `samarTals axasiaTebs, niSnavs `iuridiul<br />
azrovnebiTs ganuviTareblobas... da kidev imas, rom saqarTveloSi eklesia<br />
mowyobili iyo feodalurad, rac gamoixateboda, rom is Tavis sabrZanebelSi<br />
arCevda yovelgvar danaSauls~. `amiTY aixsneba~, dasZens avtori, rom<br />
samarTalSi `moipoveba iseTi zogierTi danaSauli, romelic saeklesio kanons<br />
ar Seesabameboda~ 216 .<br />
`marTalia, eklesia Sua saukuneebSi `mowyobili iyo feodalurad~, magram<br />
saqme isaa, rom sasamarTlo saqmeebis aseTi ganuyoflobis sistema, romelic<br />
am `samarTalSi~ aris daculi, axasiaTebda saqarTveloSi mxolod, da isic<br />
nawilobriv, iseT zogierT saeklesio senioriebs (mag. samefo monastrebs _<br />
SiomRvimes, gelaTs da mcxeTis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> - sveticxovlis saydars mefis<br />
xeldebuls), romlebic sargeblobdnen sasamarTlo imunitetiT. rogorc
sasisxlo (mag., qurdoba, mkvleloba...), ise rjulis saqmeebi, magram mas ar<br />
hqonda ufleba gaerCia iseTi saqme, romelic sasjelis umaRles zomas _<br />
sikvdils moiTxovda. es ukanaskneli mxolod mefis sasamarTlos prerogativa<br />
iyo. saeklesio senioriis sasamarTlo, sadac msajulebad da saqmis gamrCevad<br />
an kaTalikosi, an episkoposi, monastris winamZRoli an mTavardiakoni<br />
(saerTod, eklesiis ufrosoba) gamodioda, ganaCenSi kmayofildeboda<br />
damnaSavis jarimiT (dazaralebulis sisxlis fasis mixedviT), amasTan erTad,<br />
sxvadasxva saxis sakanonos dadebiT, eklesiidan gaZevebiT da a.S. rac Seexeba<br />
imas, rom am `samarTalSi~ TiTqos Candes `iuridiuli azris ganuviTarebloba~<br />
(saqmeebis `ganucalkeveblobis~ gamo), arc es aris misaRebi. piriqiT, qarTulma<br />
iuridiulma azrovnebam aseTi tipis `samarTliT~ monaxa gamosavali, rom<br />
arsebul situaciaSi (romelSic qveyana am dros imyofeboda), saxelmwifosa da<br />
eklesias mieRwiaT saerTo miznisaTvis - mZime danaSaulebaTa aRmofxvrisaTvis,<br />
rac eris arsebobas Zirs uTxrida~ 217 .<br />
b. lominaZe aRniSnavs, `samarTlis~ kidev erTi Tavise-burebas: Tormeti<br />
mRvdelmTavris mier SemuSavebul `samarTalSi~, sul 23 muxlidan, sasjelis<br />
umaRlesi zoma - sikvdili sanqcirebulia danaSaulis xuT SemTxvevaSi; sxva<br />
saxis fizikuri sasjeli Sefardebulia danaSaulis or-sam SemTxvevaSi<br />
(mkvlelobisaTvis, qurdobisaTvis...). saerTod, damnaSavis fizikuri dasja<br />
qarTul marTlmadidebel eklesias da arc msoflios sxva marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiebs ar axasiaTebT. fizikuri sasjelebi arsebobda dasavleT evropis<br />
romis kaTolikur eklesiaSi, sadac XIII s-Si daarsda sagangebo saeklesio<br />
sasamarTlo inkviziciis saxiT (iarseba XVIII s-mde). inkvizicia arCevda<br />
mosaxleobaSi mxolod gavrcelebul mwvalebelTa (eretikosTa) saqmeebs.<br />
eresSi SemCneul da msjavrdadebul pirovnebas usjida sikvdils cecxlSi<br />
dawviT, wamebas, dapatimrebas da sxv. 218 .<br />
`samarTalSi~ SeCveneba (anaTema) gamoyenebulia 13 SemTxvevaSi. aqedan<br />
episkoposis mimarT 6 SemTxvevaSi, saeros mimarT 7 SemTxvevaSi (sakanono<br />
mRvdlis mimarT 3 SemTxvevaSi, saeros mimarT 2 SemTxvevaSi). SeCveneba iyo<br />
sulieri sasjelis umaRlesi zoma. simkacriT is aRemateboda xorciel<br />
umaRles sasjels _ sikvdils, radgan is gulisxmobda sulis sikvdils<br />
(SeCvenebis Teologiuri arsi is aris, rom SeCvenebulis suli xorcieli<br />
gardacvalebis Semdeg veRar moxvdeboda sasufevelSi, qristes meored<br />
mosvlis Semdeg sayovelTao gankiTxvis dros misi suli daemkvidreba<br />
jojoxeTSi... mis suls ver ixsnis veraviTari saSualeba: qvelmoqmedeba, wirvalocva<br />
da a.S.), magram mainc aris gamosavali isev eklesiis meSveobiT:<br />
kaTalikosma an episkoposma, romelmac misi suli `Sekra~, masve SeuZlia suli<br />
`axsnas~. episkoposis mimarT SeCvenebis sixSire mowmobs imas, rom saeklesio<br />
danaSaulic Sors yofila wasuli. saerTod ki SeCvenebas umaRles sasjelTa<br />
Soris ukavia pirveli adgili, meorezea fizikuri sasjeli~ 219 .<br />
b. lominaZis azriT, `afxazeTis sakaTalikosos sinodis mier SemuSavebuli<br />
kanonebi (e.w. `samarTali kaTalikosTa~) xasiaTdeba sasjelis simkacriT,<br />
`samarTalSi~ sasjelis umaRles zomad gamoyenebulia sami saxis zoma:<br />
sikvdili, sikvdili `ukanonod~ (mxolod ori saxis danaSaulisaTvis) da<br />
SeCveneba. es garemoeba TavisTavad mowmobs imas, rom mZime danaSauli xSiria<br />
(tyvis gayidva, eklesiis gatexa-gaZarcva... da danaSaulebaTa siRrme imdenad<br />
sagangaSoa, rom am dros mefis Zalaufleba sakmarisi ar aris maT mosaspobad,
saWiro gamxdara eklesiis avtoriteti da misi qmediTi Careva, rac gamoixata<br />
swored amgvari `samarTlis~ SemuSavebaSi. aman, Tavis mxriv, aamaRla eklesiis<br />
roli saxelmwifoSi. amrigad, aseTi `samarTali~ didi Sedegis momtani unda<br />
yofiliyo dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saero da saeklesio cxovrebis<br />
gasajansaReblad~ 220 .<br />
cnobili qarTveli samarTalmcodne da samarTlis Zeglebis gamomcemeli<br />
isidore doliZe ixilavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio samarTalsac 221 .<br />
is. doliZis azriT, Sua saukuneebis saero samarTlis Zeglebze didi<br />
gavlena iqonia kanonikurma samarTalma. sasuliero wodeba feodaluri<br />
sazogadoebis Zlier Zalas warmoadgenda. eklesia Tavisi weswyobilebiT meore<br />
saxelmwifo iyo saxelmwifoSi. igi farTo politikuri da uflebrivi<br />
SeuvalobiT sargeblobda, mas damoukidebeli sasamarTlo iurisdiqcia hqonda.<br />
amave dros saero samarTlisa da samoqalaqo cxovrebis mTeli rigi sakiTxebi<br />
kanonikuri samarTlis normebiT wesrigdeboda da saeklesio sasamarTloebis<br />
kompetencias Seadgenda. feodalur samarTalSi saeklesio dogmebi<br />
batonobdnen da samarTlis mecnierebac RvTismetyvelebis mTliani batonobis<br />
qveS imyofeboda, mis dargad iTvleboda. samRvdeloebisa da RvTismetyvelebis<br />
batonobam mTel sazogadoebaze gansazRvra saeklesio samarTlis didi roli<br />
saero samarTlis normebisa da institutebis warmoqmnasa da CamoyalibebaSi.<br />
qarTuli saero samarTlis mTeli rigi institutebi saeklesio<br />
samarTlidan momdinareoben. saeklesio sasamarTloebis farTo iurisdiqcia<br />
xels uwyobda mis gavlenas saero samarTalze. saero sasamarTloebis<br />
saqmeebis mTeli rigi winaT saeklesio sasamarTloebs eqvemdebareboda.<br />
amasTan, saWiroa gaviTvaliswinoT is garemoeba, rom qarTuli saeklesio<br />
samarTlis `moqmedebis asparezi marto wminda saeklesio cxovrebis<br />
mowesrigebiT ar ganisazRvreboda, aramed gacilebiT ufro farTo<br />
daniSnuleba da sarbieli hqonda. eklesias saqarTveloSi Tavisi jari da<br />
moxeleebi hyavda. qarTuli saeklesio samarTali marto eklesiis<br />
sarwmunoebriv saqmianobas ki ar exeboda, aramed saxelmwifoebriv yofacxovrebasac.<br />
qarTul eklesias saxelmwifoebrivi wyobilebis bevri<br />
damaxasiaTebeli niSani aqvs. akad. iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, eklesiis<br />
kanonikuri samarTali ufro romis kaTolikeTa eklesiis kanonikuri<br />
samarTlis krebuls, corpus iuris canonici-s miagavs, vidre aRmosavleTis eklesiis,<br />
berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio samarTlisas imgvaradve, rogorc qarTuli<br />
eklesia Tavisi weswyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis saSualo<br />
saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da rusTa<br />
eklesiebs. `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis Sesaswavlad didi mniSvneloba<br />
metadre adgilobriv, qarTul saeklesio sjuldebas aqvs, magram msoflio<br />
eklesiis krebebis dadgenilebani da berZnuli sjulis kanonic Zvirfasia<br />
mkvlevarTaTvis, jer erTi imitom, rom kanonmdeblobis es Zeglebic moqmed<br />
samarTlad iyvnen saqarTveloSi. akademikosi ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, `didi<br />
sjulis kanoni~ naTargmni unda iyos IX-X saukuneebSi, roca samcxisa da taoklarjeT-SavSeTis<br />
qarTul samonastro centrebSi samwerlobo moRvaweoba<br />
gaCaRda da bizantiis ganaTlebis umTavres savaneebTan mWidro sulieri<br />
kavSiri Seiqmna. es metad sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovani garemoebaa beqaaRbuRas<br />
samarTlis wyaroebis Sesaswavlad da kerZod im azris naTelsayofad,<br />
rom samarTlis wignis erT-erT wyaros saeklesio samarTali warmoadgenda~.
is. doliZis azriT, beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis Sedgenamde bevri saeklesio<br />
kreba iqneboda albaT mowveuli, magram saeklesio sjulmdeblobas Cvenamde<br />
ar mouRwevia. am mxriv gamonakliss warmoadgens ruis-urbnisis 1103 wlis<br />
saeklesio kreba, romlis sakanonmdeblo moRvaweoba cnobilia CvenTvis<br />
`Zeglis weris~ saxelwodebiT, aRniSnuli saeklesio krebis ZiriTadi mizani,<br />
rogorc es `Zeglis weridan~ Cans, saeklesio weswyobilebis, samRvdelmsaxuro<br />
wesebisa da mrevlis zneobaTa da Secodebulebis ganxilva da mowesrigeba<br />
iyo, amitom aRniSnuli sjulmdeblobis mniSvneloba gaTvaliswinebul unda<br />
iqnes beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis Seswavlisas. mniSvnelovania agreTve saeklesio<br />
krebis moxseneba da dadgenileba, romelic 1263-65 wlebs Soris unda iyos<br />
Sedgenili. saeklesio krebis aRniSnuli dadgenileba Seicavs debulebas<br />
saeklesio mamulebis saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mier sxvebze gacemis Sesaxeb<br />
da amitom mas didi mniSvneloba aqvs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ekonomikuri da socialuri<br />
istoriis Sesaswavlad. dadgenileba iZleva sayuradRebo cnobebs<br />
saxelmwifosa da eklesiis uflebrivi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, safiqrebelia,<br />
rom orive saeklesio krebis zemoaRniSnul Zeglebs icnobdnen sjulmdeblebi<br />
beqa da aRbuRa da, SesaZloa, iTvaliswinebdnen maT samarTlis wignis<br />
Sedgenisas.<br />
saeklesio samarTlis gavlena beqa-aRbuRas samarTalSi naTlad Cans<br />
samcxe-saaTabagos mRvdelTmTavris, mawyverlis uflebrivi mdgomareobidan.<br />
awyuris episkoposis sasamarTlo iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareboda mTeli rigi<br />
mniSvnelovani sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi. mawyvereli<br />
aTabagTan erTad axorcielebs umaRles sasamarTlo xelisuflebas.<br />
saaTabagos <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samefosagan gandgomam didi gavlena moaxdina<br />
mawyverlis damoukideblobasa da misi sasamarTlo iurisdiqciis zrdaze.<br />
saaTabagoSi mawyvereli iseTive umaRlesi saeklesio Tanamdebobis piri iyo,<br />
rogoric kaTalikosi saqarTveloSi. Tu aTabagi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefes arafers<br />
ekiTxeboda, mawverelic damoukidebeli iyo mcxeTis saeklesio<br />
kaTedralisagan. samcxe-saaTabagoSi igi damoukideblad axorcielebda<br />
umaRles saeklesio xelisuflebas da sjul-mdeblobas. rogorc beqa-aRbuRas<br />
samarTlis pirveli winasityva-obidan Cans, awyurisa da safaris eklesiebs<br />
sakuTari kanon-mdeblobac hqoniaT, romelic `Cuen ganaRamca agreve<br />
davamtkiceTo~, ambobs aRbuRa, awyursa da safaris kanondmeblobaze miTiTeba<br />
cxadyofs saaTabagoSi mawyverlis umaRlessa da damoukidebel uflebriv<br />
mdgomareobas. Tu saeklesio saqmeebSi mawyvereli uzenaesi piria, saero<br />
samarTlis saqmeebSi is aTabagis Tanasworia, masTan erTad axorcielebs<br />
umaRles marTlmsa-julebas.<br />
is. doliZe wers: beqas samarTlis winasityvaobaSi aRbuRa didi<br />
mokrZalebiT aRniSnavs, rom samarTlis wigni SevadgineT mawyverlisa da<br />
samcxe-saaTabagos episkoposTa da meudabnoeTa moweseTa monawileobiT;<br />
kanonis Sedgena rom ganvizraxeT, yvelaferi `movaxseneT patiosansa<br />
mawyverelsa~ da `mindobilni RmrTisani da awyurisa RmrTismSoblisani~<br />
SevudeqiT ganaCenis daweraso.<br />
beqas samarTlis wignis pirveli muxlis mixedviT, roca didebulis mier<br />
didebulis mokvlis SemTxvevaSi `patronisa jayelisa da mawyverelisa kacni~<br />
damnaSaves adgilze miuswreben, mas aRar aqvs ufleba dazaralebuls kidev<br />
sxva ziani miayenos da, Tu mas Semdegac emateba `patronisa da mawyverelis<br />
patiji gadaixadoso~. `patiji~ gansakuTrebuli jarima iyo aTabagisa da
mawyverlis pativis SelaxvisaTvis. Tu damnaSave sisxlisa da patiJis<br />
daurvebas ver SeZlebs, gaZevebul unda iqnes da misi `mamuli patronsa<br />
aqundes - jayelsa da mawyuerelsao~.. aseTive mdgomareobas aqvs adgili<br />
aznauris mier aznauris mokvlis SemTxvevaSic. Tu damnaSave kanoniT<br />
gaTvaliswinebul sazRaurs ver gadaixdis, igi unda gadaixvewos da misi<br />
mamuli patronsa da mawyverels unda gadaeces, rogorc sasamarTlo<br />
xelisuflebis umaRles warmomadgenlebs. Zmam Tu Zma an axlo naTesavi mokla,<br />
saqme aTabagsa da mawyverels unda moxsendes, radgan aseTi danaSauli<br />
`saRmrTod bralia da sakanono askeci~. damnaSaves Cveulebriv sasjels garda<br />
saeklesio sasjelic unda daedos - `episkopozman misi wesi icis, raca<br />
marTebs, man uyoso~. damnaSave unda gadaixvewos, misi mamuli aTabagsa da<br />
mawverels unda gadaeces. damnaSavis saqme, romelic Tavs daesxa sasaflaos,<br />
gatexa an Seuracxyo eklesia, episkoposma unda ganixilos, rogorc umaRlesma<br />
mosamarTlem, da iseTi sasjeli daados, rasac saWirod dainaxavs (`qristes<br />
sisxlis pativsa mcnebulTa viTa uyvars, egeTi patiJi dauurvebinon~), radgan<br />
aseTi mZime danaSaulisaTvis sasjelis gansazRvra SeuZlebeliao. aTabagTan<br />
erTad mawyverlis sasamarTlo kompetencias Seadgenda mZime saxelmwifo<br />
danaSauli, romelic cnobilia beqa-aRbuRas samarTalSi `Ralatis~ saxelwodebiT.<br />
Tu aTabagis mfarvelobaSi myofi kaci, vasali, anu `mindobili kaci~<br />
RalatiT vinmes cixesa da saxl-kars waarTmevs, misi saqme aTabagTan erTad<br />
mawyverelsac unda moxsendes (`patronma da mawyverelman cnas~). amrigad,<br />
mawyvereli aTabagTan erTad umaRlesi sasamarTlo xelisfulebis<br />
warmomadgenelia. isini ganixilaven sisxlis samarTlis mZime danaSaulTa<br />
saqmeebs (mkvlelobas, Tavdasxmas, Ralatsa da sxv.). aTabagi, rogorc umaRlesi<br />
saero xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli, da mawyvereli, rogorc umaRlesi<br />
sasuliero xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli, erTdroulad da Tanasworad<br />
axorcieleben sasamarTlo xelisuflebas zemoaRniSnuli saqmeebis gamo.<br />
aTabagisa da mawyverlis sasamarTlo xelisufleba SeerTebulia da mas<br />
sisxlis samarTlis dargSi Sereuli xasiaTi aqvs. magram mawyverels amasTan<br />
erTad Tavis samwysoSi calke damoukidebeli saeklesio iurisdiqcia aqvs.<br />
sulisa da eklesiis saqme mxolod mas exeboda da aTabagi mis uflebebSi ver<br />
Caereoda. saojaxo samarTlis dargic xom mawyverlis iurisdiqcias Seadgenda.<br />
qorwinebisa da ojaxis saqme mawyverels ekiTxvis. Tu kaci gvariTa da<br />
RirsebiT masze ufro sapatio cols gascildeba, sisxli Tavisi gvaris<br />
mixedviT unda dauurvos, radgan `macxovarman dawyevasa Sigan esreT rqva:<br />
qmrisamca Senisa mimarT ars moqceva Senio~. es aris norma, romelic<br />
daamkvidra saeklesio samarTalma saojaxo samarTlis dargSi.<br />
is. doliZis azriT memkvidreobiT samarTalSic cxadad igrZnoboda<br />
saeklesio samarTlis gavlena. anderZiT memkvidreobis iuridiul Zalas mxars<br />
uWers da mtkices xdis eklesia. anderZi samkvidros damtoveblis<br />
gardacvalebis Semdeg aris mtkice da namdvili, sicocxleSi ki samkvidros<br />
damtovebels misi gauqmebac SeuZlia da ZalaSi datovebac. es wesi<br />
`ganbrZnobili ars wmidaTa mamaTagan sjulTa samoZRvreblad, ebistoleTaca<br />
Sigan esreT weril ars amisTanasa saqmesa Sigan kacTagan Sesvlaze, qveqceva<br />
mal SeuZlebel ars da nuvin xelhyofso~. esec kanonikuri samarTlidan<br />
Sesuli wesia beqas samarTalSi. msxvil feodalsa da mis vasals Soris rom<br />
raime dava wamoiWreba, saqme sasamarTlom miudgomel da piruTvnel kacTa<br />
monawileobiT unda gadawyvitos da Searigos modave mxareebi, radgan `caTa
da qveynisa Semoqmedsaca ezom undosa adamiansa Sua dasxmulni moZRvarni da<br />
mecnierni kacni Seazavebeno~, naTqvamia aRbuRas samarTalSi. maSasadame,<br />
saeklesio samarTali sasamarTlo warmoebis sakiTxebzedac avrcelebs Tavis<br />
gavlenas. marTlmsajulebas RvTaebrivi Zala aqvs. mosamarTle RvTis moSiSi<br />
da sulis saqmis pativis mcnebeli unda iyos. angareba da sixarbe RvTis<br />
ganmarisxebeli saqmea da mosamarTle angarebiT saqmes nuravis daumtkicebso.<br />
`ese sityva wmidaTa mamaTa ars, Tu - sixarbe bunebiT mxedvelobisa kapi ariso<br />
da yoveli avi RmrTisa da kacTa ganmarisxebeli saqme mas zeda Camokidebuli<br />
ariso~, ambobs aTabagi aRbuRa.<br />
is. doliZe aRniSnavs, saeklesio samarTlis Zala da avtoriteti<br />
gamoyenebulia valdebulebiTi samarTlis dargSic. es gansakuTrebiT naTlad<br />
Cans sesxis xelSekrulebis pirobebidan, aRbuRas samarTali valis<br />
xelSekrulebis dros krZalavs `didi sargeblis~ aRebas. Tu kreditorma didi<br />
procenti aiRos msesxeblisagan, arakanonieria da unda daubrunos, radgan<br />
`angareba Tavad codvad weres sjulis moZRvarTa kacTa wmidaTa~ da `vaxSis<br />
sidide ganmarisxebelia RmrTisao~.<br />
erT adgilas beqa moses kanonmdeblobasac imowmebs. roca Zmebi gaiyofian<br />
samemkvidreo qonebis zedmeti wili - `sauxuceso~, - romelic winaparTa<br />
pativiscemisa da sulis mosaxseneblad iyo gankuTvnili, ufros Zmas eZleva. am<br />
wess `TviT moses piriTa dambadebeli `dabadebasa~ Sigan daswers~, romelic<br />
Znelad moiSlebiso. amrigad, beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis mTeli rigi<br />
muxlebi Seicaven saeklesio samarTlis wesebsa da debulebebs. gansakuTrebiT<br />
es gavlena, rogorc davinaxeT, igrZnoba samarTlis wignis im normebSi,<br />
romlebic awesrigeben samoqalaqo, saojaxo da memkvidreobiT urTierTobas da<br />
agreTve sasamarTlo warmoebasac. zemoaRniSnulidan savsebiT gasagebia<br />
samcxe-saaTabagos episkoposis - mawyverlis - farTo ufleba-mosileba saero<br />
iurisdiqciis dargSi.<br />
is. doliZis azriT, scdeboda n. urbneli, romelic fiqrobda, rom beqaaRbuRas<br />
kanonebis boloSi darTuli 102-e da 103-e muxli, romlebSic<br />
laparakia mefisa da episkoposis urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb, samarTlis<br />
wignis organul nawils warmoadgenda da aqedan im araswor daskvnas akeTebda,<br />
rom TiTqos aRniSnuli muxlebi gamoxatavdnen aTabagisa da mawyverlis<br />
uflebriv mdgomareobas. mawyvereli `zogs SemTxvevaSi Tavis saero uflebiT<br />
aTabagsac ki aRemateba... aTabags raRa ufleba hqonda episkopozzed? -<br />
araferi... aTabags xom `mefe~ ar eTqmoda, `mefed~ moxsenebulia mxolod<br />
episkopozi da es saxelwodeba cxadad amtkicebs mis upiratesobaso 222 .<br />
is. doliZe mcdarad miiCnevs agreTve n. urbnelis azrs saaTabagos<br />
sasuliero wodebis privilegiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. raki 98-e muxlis<br />
Semdgomi muxlebi beqa-aRbuRas samarTlad miiCnia, n. urbnelma daxata<br />
saaTabagos sasuliero wodebis ierarqiuli struqtura zemoaRniSnul<br />
muxlebSi sasuliero wodebis pirTaTvis gaakeTa, rom sasuliero wodebas<br />
didi upiratesoba hqonda saero xelisuflebasTan SedarebiTo. aseTi<br />
mdgomareoba urbnelis azriT imiT aixsneba, rom `saaTabagoSi aRorZinda<br />
bizantiis ukiduresi orTodoqsuli moZRvreba, romelsac sulsa da saRmrTo<br />
saqmeTa garda sxva araferi swamda. aseTma mimarTulebam metad ganadida<br />
sasuliero wodeba da mTeli eris grZnoba am wodebas daumorCila 223 .
is. doliZe daaskvnis: sinamdvileSi zemoaRniSnuli muxlebi ar Seicaven<br />
saaTabagos sasuliero wodebis uflebriv mdgomareobas, ar Seadgenen beqaaRbuRas<br />
samarTlis nawils da gamoxataven XI saukunis gaerTianebuli<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> suraTs, roca samRvdeloebas maRla eWira Tavi.<br />
TavianT SromebSi saeklesio samarTals tendenciurad ixilavdnen<br />
qarTveli sabWoTa samarTalmcodneebic. sabWoTa samarTlis mixedviT, `masebis<br />
motyuebis, brZolisunarianobis modunebis da, saerTod, ideologiuri<br />
daTrgunvis erT-erT mniSvnelovan iaraRs burJuaziul weswyobilebaSic<br />
warmoadgens iseTi reaqciuli organizacia, rogoricaa eklesia~ 224 .<br />
giorgi inwkirveli exeba kanonikur samarTalsac: `feodalizmis epoqaSi,<br />
eklesiis rolisa da mdgomareobis Sesabamisad didi mniSvneloba hqonda<br />
agreTve saeklesio samarTlis normebs, e.w. kanonikur samarTals. specialuri<br />
saeklesio sasamarTloebic ki arsebobda, romlebic ganixilavdnen ara marto<br />
sasuliero pirebis, aramed saero pirebis saqmeebsac, rac Seexeba saqorwino<br />
da saojaxo sakiTxebs, maTi mowesrigeba TiTqmis mTlianad saeklesio<br />
samarTlis normebis mixedviT xdeboda. amis Sesaxeb f. engelsi werda:<br />
`eklesiis dogmebi amave dros politikur aqsiomadac iqca da bibliis<br />
teqstebma yovel sasamarTloSi kanonis Zala miiRo~ 225 .<br />
qarTuli samarTlis istoriis calkeuli sakiTxebi ganxiluli aqvs m.<br />
broses (`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> istoria, naw. 1-2, Targmani s.RoRoberiZisa~, tf. 1895-<br />
1900), p.ioselians (Rhfnrfz bcnjhbz Uhepbycrjq Wthrdb- CG
nawili I.<br />
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi<br />
Tavi I.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi mTlianad aris gamomavali<br />
msoflio eklesiis samarTlis saerTo wyarodan, amitomac zogadad SevexebiT<br />
maT. movitanT vrcel amonaridebs ukanasknel dros gamocemuli qarTuli da<br />
rusuli saeklesio literaturidan. samarTlis wyaroebs yofen or mTavar<br />
jgufad. pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi da institutebi, romelTac Seqmnes<br />
samarTlis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens dokumentebsa da Zeglebs,<br />
romlebSic gadmocemulia aRniSnuli normebi.<br />
axali aRTqmis, anu qristianuli eklesiis samarTali efuZneba eklesiis<br />
mowyobis da saeklesio wesrigis SenarCunebis Sesaxeb wmida werilSi<br />
gadmocemul ieso qristes swavlebas.<br />
qristes mcnebebi warmoadgens eklesiis swavlebisa da cxovrebis<br />
qvakuTxeds. ufalma daadgina saeklesio naTlobis saidumlo (mT. 28, 19),<br />
evqaristiis saidumlo (luka 22, 19), sinanulis saidumlo da mociqulTa mier<br />
codvaTa axsnis ufleba (mT. 18,18), macxovarma mianiWa samRvdeloebas ufleba<br />
ecxovra samwysos xarjiT (luka 10, 7). qristem daawesa swavleba qorwinebis<br />
Sesaxeb (mT. 19, 5-6, 9), mianiWa ufleba eklesias mosamarTleobisa Semcode<br />
Zmebis mimarT (mT. 18, 15-17), dagvitova mcneba saxelmwifo xelisuflebasTan<br />
Cveni damokidebulebis Sesaxeb (mT. 22,21).
qristes mcnebaTa garda, saeklesio samarTlis wyaroa agreTve mociqulTa<br />
nawerebi, gadmocemulni wmida werilSi (mociqulTagan ki miiRes eklesiis<br />
mamebma): episkoposTa da diakonTa Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi mcnebebi da<br />
dadgenilebebi (1 tim. 3, 1-13), wesi Tu rogori saxis unda iyos samRvdeloeba<br />
(tites mimarT epistole, agreTve 1 tim. 3, 2-7). morwmuneTa valdebuleba<br />
daemorCilon mwyemss (ebr. 13, 17). saeklesio Temis valdebuleba mwyemsis<br />
arCevisa (1 kor. 9, 13-14). swavleba qorwinebis Sesaxeb (kolas. 3, 18-21; 1 petr. 3,<br />
1-2; 1 kor. 7, 10-13; 1 kor. 7,40). zeTis cxebis Sesaxeb (iak. 5, 14-15), SemcodeTa<br />
mimarT mopyrobis Sesaxeb (2 efes, 3-6), mociqulTa mier mocemulia wesi<br />
sasuliero piris mimarT saCivris miRebisa (1 tim. 5,19), saxelmwifo<br />
xelisuflebasTan urTierTobis Sesaxeb (rom. 13, 1-7), sxva sarwmunoebis pirTan<br />
damokidebulebis Sesaxeb (1 kor. 5,9-10, 12-13).<br />
pirvelwyaros saeklesio samarTlisa warmoadgens saRvTo mcnebebi. isini<br />
warmoadgens saZirkvels saeklesio mowyobisa da saxelmZRvanelos<br />
eklesiisaTvis. maTi daxmarebiT aRasrulebs eklesia Tavis misias - xsnisa. es<br />
mcnebebi, rogorc iTqva, mocemulia wmida werilSi. eklesias dadgenili aqvs<br />
Zveli da axali aRTqmis wmida wignebis nusxa.<br />
qristianebisaTvis savaldebuloa moses mier mocemuli RvTis aTi mcneba,<br />
sruli Zala SeinarCuna, agreTve, sisxlis-aRreviTi qorwinebis<br />
ZvelaRTqmiseulma akrZalvam. rogorc aRiniSna, eklesiisaTvis sayovelTaod<br />
savaldebuloa qristes mcnebaTa dacva, axali aRTqma saeklesio samarTlis<br />
umTavresi wyaroa, eklesiis wmida mamebma, romelTa goneba ganaTlebuli iyo<br />
suli wmidis madliT, mogvces wmida werilis anu RvTis sityvis ganmarteba.<br />
amitomac mamaTa swavleba - eklesiis swavlebaa. uflis mier uwyebuli<br />
saRmrTo da wmida werili unda ganimartos ara nebismierad, aramed rogorc<br />
ganmarta igi wmida eklesiam da icavs Tavis mier gamocemuli kanonebiT.<br />
saeklesio samarTali, romlis mixedviTac aris mowyobili saeklesio<br />
cxovreba, warmoadgens kanonebis sistematur gadmocemas. kanoni - saeklesio<br />
cxovrebis wesia, discipli-naruli dadgenilebebi mociqulebisa, krebebisa da<br />
wmida mamebisa.<br />
saeklesio samarTlis Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi wyaroa `swavleba 12<br />
mociqulisa (`didaqe~). ekuTvnis I da II saukuneTa mijnas. masSi ar<br />
moixseniebian mRvdlebi (presviterebi), saubaria mxolod episkoposebsa da<br />
diakvnebze, mogzaur mociqulebsa, winaswarmetyvelebsa da maswavleblebze.<br />
amJamad kopturi da eTiopuri eklesiebis samarTalSi gamoiyeneba III s.<br />
egvipteSi Sedgenili krebuli `wmida mociqulebis saeklesio kanonebi~. III<br />
saukuneSive gamoCnda `didaskalia~ (mociqulTa darigeba), sxvaa `mociqulTa<br />
dadgenileba~, romelic gamoCnda III s-is dasasrulsa da IV s-is dasawyisSi,<br />
romelsac amJamad eklesiaSi ar aqvs iuridiuli Zala, samagierod, amJamad<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonikuri kodeqsi, miRebuli mociqulTa mier<br />
ierusalimis 45 wlis krebaze, gamoCnda IV s-Si. esaa `mociqulTa kanonebi~, is<br />
ZvelTaganve miCneulia mociqulTa gadmocemis nawilad. marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis kanonikur kodeqsSi Sevida sami wmida mamis - wm. dionises, wm. petre<br />
aleqsandrielisa da grigol neokesariel saswaulmoqmedis kanonebi.<br />
nikeamdel epoqaSi qristianuli Temebi episkoposTa mier imarTebodnen<br />
wmida werilSi gadmocemuli da mociqulTa mier dadgenili normebiT.<br />
eklesiis erToba miiRweoda saeklesio Temebs Soris cocxali urTierTobiT.<br />
sarwmunoebrivi erTobis miuxedavad, zogierT Tems hqonda Tavisi
saRvTismsaxuro gansxvavebuloba da gansakuTrebuli samarTlis normebi.<br />
gaugebrobisa da sadavo sakiTxebis aRmosafxvrelad saeklesio Temebis<br />
warmomadgenlebi iwvevdnen saeklesio krebebs. miRebuli krebis gansazRvrebebs<br />
mrgvlivmosavleli epistoles saxiT ugzavnidnen im eklesiasac, romelTa<br />
warmomadgenlebic am krebaSi ar monawileobdnen. epistoleebi exeboda,<br />
ZiriTadad, saeklesio-sakanonmdeblo sakiTxebs. zogierTi kanonikuri<br />
epistole iRebda savaldebulo iuridiul saxes da iqceoda saerTo saeklesio<br />
samarTlis wyarod.<br />
1. msoflio saeklesio krebebi da maTi kanonebi. 1. pirveli msoflio<br />
saeklesio kreba mowveul iqna qalaq nikeaSi, 325 wels, romis imperatoris -<br />
konstantine I didis (306-337) sagangebo brZanebiT da am krebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli yvela xarjic Tavad imperatorma gaiRo. `krebis ZiriTadi<br />
mizani iyo oficialuri dadgenilebis gamotana, qristianobis, rogorc<br />
saxelmwifoebrivad aRiarebuli sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb, romelic Tavisi<br />
arsebobis pirvel xanebidan IV saukunis dasawyisSic ki mkacrad idevneboda<br />
da, amasTan, ganxilva im umTavresi dogmatikur-kanonikuri da ierarqiuladministraciuli<br />
sakiTxebisa, romlebic im xanebSi erTob mwvaved ismoda da<br />
romelTa mogvareba-mowesrigeba niSnavda qristianobis ukve, rogorc<br />
saxelmwifo religiis Zlierebasa da mis Semdgom ganviTarebas mTel<br />
saqristiano msoflioSi. krebas eswrebodnen rogorc romis imperiaSi Semaval<br />
qristianul organizaciaTa warmomadgenlebi (ZiriTadad, episkoposebi), aseve<br />
mis farglebs gareT arsebul, sxva saxelmwifoTa qristianul organizaciaTa<br />
warmomadgenlebic. krebaze monawileoba miiRo 300-mde episkoposma da dabali<br />
xarisxis warmomadgenelma. krebas eswreboda sul 318 mama.<br />
kreba, romelic evstaTi antioqielis TavmjdomareobiT grZeldeboda ornaxevar<br />
Tves, 19 ivnisidan 25 agvistomde, mimdinareobda eklesiis sasaxlis<br />
erT-erT palataSi. krebaze nebadarTuli iyo saero pirebis daswrebac da<br />
darbazSi zogjer 2000-mde kaci iyrida Tavs. darbazis irgvliv idga<br />
savarZlebi episkoposebisaTvis, xolo SuaSi ki magidaze esvena saRmrTo<br />
werili (biblia). imperatori konstantine Tavad eswreboda xolme sxdomebs da<br />
zogjer maT sityviTac xsnida.<br />
krebis ganxilvis erT-erT umTavres sakiTxs warmoadgenda ariozis<br />
mwvalebluri azris uaryofa - ieso qristes araRvTaebriobis Sesaxeb. ariozi<br />
daJinebiT icavda Tavis crumoZRvrebas da, ambobda, rom - iyo dro, roca Ze<br />
RvTisa ar imyofeboda (e. i. `ar iyo Sobili uwinares yovelTa saukuneTa~) da<br />
igi aris qmnilebao (amitom aris mrwamsSi mimatebuli sityvebi `Sobili da ara<br />
qmnili~). ariozis moZRvrebas mxars uWerda zogierTi episkoposi, rogorebic<br />
iyvnen: evsevi nikodimieli, Teognosti nikieli da marisi qalkedoneli. sajaro<br />
paeqrobaSi dasaxelebuli mwvaleblebi damarcxdnen. maTi moZRvrebis<br />
uaryofaSi didi roli iTamaSes wm. nikoloz mironlukiis mTavarepiskoposma,<br />
wm. spiridon trimiTuntelma, aleqsandrieli episkoposis diakvanma wm.<br />
aTanasem da sxvebma. krebam erTxmad daadgina mwvalebel ariozis da mis<br />
TanamoazreTa eklesiidan gankveTa, romlebmac TavianTi Secdomebi ar<br />
moinanies. krebaze SemuSavda sarwmunoebis simbolos (kredos), anu rogorc<br />
qarTulad ewodeba - mrwamsis (warmoebuli - mrwamsis pirveli sityvidan<br />
`mrwams~) teqsti (sarwmunoebis simbolos teqsti Seivso, dazustda da misi
saboloo redaqcia miRebul da damtkicebul iqna konstantinopolis me-2<br />
msoflio krebaze)228.<br />
nikeis krebam dRis wesrigSi daayena aseve aRdgomis dResaswaulis<br />
sakiTxic da dadginda, rom igi unda idResaswaulebodes erTdroulad yvela<br />
eklesiaSi, e.i. gazafxulis mTvaris Sevsebis Semdeg pirvelsave kviras229.<br />
krebaze damswre episkoposTa erT nawils surda daekanonebina mRvdlebisa<br />
da diakvnebis uqorwinebloba, magram am wamoyenebuli winadadebis winaaRmdeg<br />
mkacrad gailaSqra episkoposma pafnutim da krebas miuTiTa, rom `vaiTu<br />
gadametebuli simkacriT ziani mivayenoT eklesiaso~, krebam, bWobis Semdeg,<br />
mRvdlebisa da diakvnebis dauqorwineblobis Sesaxeb wamoyenebuli azri<br />
uaryo da gaiziara pafnutis Sexeduleba.<br />
krebam, aseve daamtkica ama Tu im eklesiis mTavar warmomadgenelTa<br />
ierarqiuli da administraciuli normebi, urTierTSoris pativisa da<br />
uflebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. krebam gamosca sul 20 kanoni~.<br />
krebis dadgenilebis 20-ive muxli krebis monawile episkoposebis mier maT<br />
eparqiebSi, - Tav-TavianTi qveynebis mixedviT, - ecnoba yvela eklesias 229 .<br />
2. meore msoflio saeklesio kreba mowveul iqna konstanti-nopolSi, 381<br />
wlis maisSi imperator Teodoris brZanebiT. kreba, romelsac eswreboda 150<br />
episkoposi, gaixsna wmida meleti antioqielis TavmjdomareobiT, romlis<br />
gardacvalebis Semdeg krebis Tavmjdomareoba daevala grigoli<br />
RvTismetyvels da bolos konstantinopolel episkopos neqtarioss. krebam<br />
ganixila makedonis da mis TanamoazreTa mwvalebluri swavleba, romelic<br />
uaryofda suli wmidis RvTaebriobas.<br />
sarwmunoebis simbolos, grigoli RvTismetyvelis miTiTebiT, wmida mamebma<br />
daamates zogierTi gamoTqma Ze RvTisaze, moZRvreba wmida sulze (`da suli<br />
wmida ufali da cxovelsmyofeli~...), eklesiis erTianobaze (`erTi wmida<br />
kaTolike~...), naTlobis saidumloze (`aRviareb erTsa naTlisRebasa...~) da<br />
mkvdreTiT aRdgomaze (`moveli aRdgomasa...~).<br />
krebam, romelmac SeimuSava da daamtkica 7 kanoni, makedoni da misi<br />
Tanamoazreni ganiota, e.i. gankveTa.<br />
amave wlis sam seqtembers, akvileiSi ambros mediolanelis<br />
TavmjdomareobiT mimdinareobda sami mitropolitis (milanis, akvileis da<br />
sirmiis episkoposTa) kreba, - ariozelTa moZRvrebis dasagmobad. krebam<br />
daadastura nikeis krebis dadgenilebani da gansakuTrebiT gausva xazi Ze<br />
RmerTis maradiulobis, misi RvTaebrivi bunebis da mama RmerTTan<br />
Tanatolobis moZRvrebas229.<br />
meore msoflio krebam gamosca epistole, romelic Semdeg dayves Svid<br />
kanonad. mesame kanons romis eklesia uaryofs, radgan am mesame kanonSi<br />
amaRlebulia konstantinopolis episkoposis Rirseba romis episkoposis<br />
darad: `radgan konstantinopoli axali romia~, e.i. mefis qalaqia (II ms. kr. III<br />
kan.).<br />
cnobilia, rom romSi kaTedrebis Rirsebas akavSirebdnen ara qalaqebis<br />
politikur mniSvnelobasTan, aramed maTi Temis samociqulo warmoSobasTan,<br />
amitomac diptiqSi pirvel adgilze ayenebdnen romis, aleqsandriis da<br />
antioqiis eklesiebs, romelnic mociqul petres da misi mowafis markozis<br />
mier iyvnen dafuZnebulni. romaeli episkoposebi ramdenime aswleulis
manZilze jiutad ewinaaRmdegebodnen konstantinopolis kaTedris<br />
amaRlebas~ 230<br />
3. mesame msoflio saeklesio kreba Sedga q. efesoSi, 431 wels, imperator<br />
Teodosi mciris (408-450) mowveviT. krebas eswreboda 200 episkoposi. 7<br />
ivnisisaTvis daniSnuli kreba, damabrkolebeli mizezebisa gamo, gaixsna 22<br />
ivniss, yovladwmida RvTismSoblis taZarSi, romlis Sua, amaRlebul adgilas<br />
esvena wmida saxareba. krebas Tavmjdomareobda kirile aleqsandrieli; krebis<br />
ganxilvis sagans Seadgenda konstantinopolis mTavarepiskoposis - nestoris<br />
mwvalebluri azris uaryofa, romelic amtkicebda, rom mariamma dabada kaci,<br />
romelsac mere SeuerTda madliT sityva RvTisa, ase rom, mariami ar iyo<br />
RvTis mSobelio. nestori, miuxedavad oTxgzis miwvevisa, krebaze ar<br />
gamocxadebula. mas mxars uWerdnen zogierTi episkoposi da mefis<br />
uwarCinebulesi pirebi (didebulebi). krebaze sajarod iqna wakiTxuli<br />
sarwmunoebis simbolo da misi Zveli, nineuri varianti. krebam moismina<br />
kirile aleqsandrielis kamaTi nestoris winaaRmdeg da am ukanasknelis<br />
Txzuleba. krebam erTsulovnad scno wm. kiriles mier moyvanili argumentebis<br />
SeTanxmebuloba nikeis (325 w.) krebis aRsarebasTan, xolo nestoris axsnaganmartebani<br />
ki crumoZRvrebad.<br />
krebis monawile wmida mamaTa mier krebam damatebiT moismina saRmrTo<br />
werilidan damowmebuli adgilebi RvTis sityvis (logosis) ganxor-cielebis<br />
Sesaxeb, - eretikosebi damxobilad gamoacxades. krebam Tavisi dadgenileba,<br />
meore dResve (23 ivniss) ganucxada nestors da werilobiT acnoba imperators.<br />
krebaze, sxva sakiTxTan erTad gairCa kviproseli episkoposis - reginis<br />
saCivari - ioane antioqiel episkoposze; es ukanaskneli cdilobda kviprosis<br />
kunZulis Tavisadmi daqvemdebarebas, miuxedavad imisa, rom kviprosis eklesias<br />
mociqulTa droidan marTavda damoukidebeli episkoposi, romelic kunZulis<br />
episkoposTa mier iyo arCeuli, rasac, rogorc kanonikur aqts, ganamtkicebda<br />
nikeis krebis is dadgenilebac, romlis mixedviT yvela eklesias (farTo<br />
cnebiT) SenarCunebuli hqonda sakuTari upiratesoba marTva-gamgeobis mxriv.<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom 8 ivniss, romlis wina dResac efesos krebis gaxsna iyo<br />
navaraudevi, zemoxsenebuli ioane antioqieli, SeTanxmda episkoposTa erT<br />
nawilTan da erToba ganucxada nestors. maT calke moiwvies kreba, razedac<br />
kirile aleqsandrieli eretikosad, xolo misi kreba ki ukanonod gamoacxades.<br />
moxda is, rom am orive krebis dadgenilebebi imperators erTdroulad<br />
miuvida fostiT. imperatorma Tavdapirvelad ganizraxa nestorisa da kiriles<br />
patimrobaSi ayvana, magram male gaecno saqmis namdvil viTarebas da wm.<br />
kiriles TavmjdomareobiT Catarebuli msoflio krebis yvela dadgenileba<br />
daamtkica (seqtemberSi), xolo nestori antioqiis maxloblad mdebare erTerT<br />
monasterSi Caamwyvdia. efesos krebam gamosca 8 kanoni da erTi epistole<br />
pamfiliis krebisadmi (mcire aziaSi iyo), romelic me-9 kanonad iwodeba~ 231 .<br />
4. meoTxe msoflio saeklesio kreba mowveul iqna qalaq qalkidonSi, 451<br />
wels. kreba, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda konstantinopoleli anatoli, -<br />
gaixsna 8 oqtombers da dasrulda 1 noembers. krebaze monawileobas iRebda<br />
saqristiano msoflios 630 episkoposi.
krebis ganxilvis umTavres sakiTxs Seadgenda konstantinopoleli<br />
arqimandritis - evtiqis mwvalebluri swavlebis uaryofa. evtiqi amtkicebda,<br />
rom ieso qristeSi iyo mxolod erTi RvTaebrivi buneba da erTi nebisyofa.<br />
kacis buneba da kacis nebisyofa ki CanTqmuli iyo RvTaebrivi bunebisa da<br />
nebisyofis miero. am swavlas ewodeba monofizitoba (berZ.), anu<br />
erTbunebianoba. krebaze wakiTxul iqna pap levis werili, romelSic<br />
gadmocemulia dogmati, rom `ieso qriste aris WeSmariti RmerTi da WeSmariti<br />
kaci, Cveni msgavsi, codvis gareSe; ganxorcielebisas mas aqvs erTi piri da<br />
ori buneba, SeerTebuli masSi erTpirad, Seurevnelad da ganuyofelad~.<br />
meoTxe msoflio krebam `romelsac Zegl marTlmadideblobisa~ ewoda,<br />
ganaCina, aRiaros qristeSi SeerTeba or bunebaTa: ganuyoflad, ganuyrelad,<br />
Seurevnelad da uqcevelad. 1). ganuyoflad, e. i. ori buneba SeerTebuli<br />
qristeSi, ar Seadgens calke arsebul pirovnebas, aramed orive buneba<br />
SeerTebulia erTgvamovnad. 2) ganuyrelad, e. i. SeerTeba ori bunebisa,<br />
dawyebuli RvTis sityvis ganxorcielebis pirvel wamidanve, gagrZelda da<br />
grZeldeba maradis. kacoba iesoSi arasodes ar yofila gansakuTrebul<br />
pirovnebad, aramed miRebul iyo misi RvTaebriobis pirovnebis erTobaSi erT<br />
gvamovnebad. 3) Seurevnelad, e. i. ori buneba ieso qristeSi ar Sereula<br />
erTmaneTSi ise, rom maTgan Semdgariyo mesame buneba, aramed orive buneba<br />
imyofeba masSi, rogorc ori sxvadasxvagvari buneba. 4) uqcevelad, e. i. RvTis<br />
Zisagan kacuri bunebis miRebiT ar Secvlila arc RvTaebrivi da arc kacuri<br />
buneba, arc RvTaebrivi buneba qceula kacurad, arc kacuri - RvTaebrivad.<br />
TiToeuli buneba, SeerTebis Semdegac, darCa ucvalebelad da mTelad.<br />
krebam evtiqi da misi Tanamoazreni (monofizitebi) ganiota, e.i. gankveTa,<br />
qristianul msoflioSi maT swavlas misdevs somexTa eklesia.<br />
krebam gamosca sul 30 kanoni 231 .<br />
5. mexuTe msoflio saeklesio kreba mowveul iqna iustiniane pirvelis (527-<br />
565) brZanebiT, konstantinopolSi 553 wels. krebam muSaoba daiwyo 4 maiss da<br />
daamTavra 2 ivniss. misi pirveli sxdoma Sedga patriarqis sasaxlis erT-erT<br />
darbazSi, wm. sofiis maxloblad. Tavmjdomareobda patriarqi evtiqi. krebas<br />
eswreboda sul 165 mama. imperators surda Seerigebina monofizitebi (e.i.<br />
erTbunebianebi) da diofizitebi (e.i. orbunebianebi), anu marTlmadideblebi.<br />
monofizitebi Serigebis pirobad sakiTxs ayenebdnen sam sasuliero pirze,<br />
romlebic me-4 krebaze iqnen gasamarTlebulni. eseni iyvnen: Teodore<br />
mofsueteli, iva edeseli da Teodorite kvireli. krebaze sazeimod iqna<br />
damtkicebuli ra qalkidonis krebis yvela dadgenileba, mimdinare krebis me-5<br />
da me-8 sxdomebze, daamxes zemoxsenebuli monofizitebi da maTi Txzulebani,<br />
romlebiTac isini nestoris crumoZRvrebas esarClebodnen. amasTan erTad<br />
krebam daamtkica wina msoflio krebaTa dadgenilebanic 232 .<br />
6. meeqvse msoflio saeklesio kreba mowveul iqna imperator konstantine<br />
poRonatis (668-685) brZanebiT 680 wels, qalaq konstantinopolSi. krebas<br />
eswreboda 168 mama. krebis mizani iyo mwvalebel monoTelitebis damxoba,<br />
romlebic monofizitebis Semdeg gaCndnen da saxelmwifoSi religiur<br />
ganxeTqilebas qmnidnen. isini amtkicebdnen, rom ieso qristeSi iyo erTi,<br />
RvTaebrivi nebisyofa.
`aman wmidaman krebaman sarwmunoebiT da mowled Seiwynara ebistole<br />
wmidisa da netarisa agaTon hromTa papisai, mowerili RvTismsaxurisa mefisa...<br />
konstantinesa, romelsa Sina weril ars saxeldebiT gankueTai da ganyrai<br />
yovelTai, romelTa qadages erTi nebai da erTi saqme gankacebisa<br />
gangebulebasa Sina qristes RmrTisa Cuenisasa egreTve saxed~ (mcire<br />
sjuliskanonidan)232.<br />
trulis krebis kanonebi. V da VI msoflio krebebze ganixileboda mxolod<br />
dogmaturi sakiTxebi da disciplinaruli kanonebi mas ar gamoucia, magram VI<br />
msoflio krebidan 10 wlis Semdeg, 691 wlis 1 seqtembers imperator<br />
iustiniane II-is mowveviT sasaxlis trulis (`gumbaTis~) palataSi Seikriba 227<br />
mama konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis patriarqebisa<br />
da romis papis legatebis TavmjdomareobiT. krebis sxdomebi gagrZelda<br />
zustad erTi weli, 692 wlis 31 agvistomde da Tavisi moRvaweoba gamoamzeura<br />
saeklesio-disciplinaruli kanonebiT.<br />
am mexuTe-meeqvsed wodebuli krebis 102 kanons marTlmadideblur<br />
eklesiaSi aqvs msoflio krebaTa kanonebis avtoriteti232.<br />
7. meSvide msoflio saeklesio kreba Sedga 787 wels, qalaq nikeaSi.<br />
gagrZelda erTi weliwadi. krebas eswreboda sul 367 episkoposi. qristianeTa<br />
ukanaskneli devna gamowveuli iyo xatTa Tayvaniscemis gamo da xsenebuli<br />
krebis mizanic xatTa Tayvaniscemis aRdgeniT gamoixateboda. xatTa<br />
TayvaniscemisaTvis qristianTa devna, iyo ukanaskneli da xangrZlivi. nikeis<br />
krebam, romelmac gamosca 22 kanoni, ganamtkica xatTa Tayvaniscema 233 ..<br />
amis Semdeg, 843 wels, konstantinopolis adgilobrivma krebam, romelic<br />
moiwvies bizantiis mcirewlovanma keisarma miqael III-m (842-867) da dedamisma<br />
Teodoram, anaTema gamoucxada yvela xatmebrZols da xatTayvaniscemis<br />
saboloo zeimi aRiniSna (saq. ekl. kalendari, 1974, gv. 133).<br />
2. adgilobrivi krebebis kanonebi. ori adgilobrivi kreba, romelTa<br />
kanonebi Sevida marTlmadidebluri eklesiis kanonikur kodeqsSi, Sedga I<br />
msoflio krebamde. pirveli maTgani iyo ankirisa. moiwvies 314 w. galateas<br />
provinciis mTavar qalaqSi.<br />
kesaria-kapadokiaSi 314 welsave Sedga kreba, daaxloebiT 319 wels ki<br />
neokesariis kreba moiwvies, daaxloebiT 340 wels Sedga Rangris (gangris)<br />
kreba, maTi kanonebis Semdeg kanonikur krebulSi Sedis antioqiis krebis 25<br />
kanoni. antioqiis aRniSnuli krebis (daaxl. 330-340 ww.) kanonebis Semdeg<br />
kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesulia 60 kanoni laodikiis krebisa. aqvea sardikiis 343-<br />
344 wlebis karTagenis (419) kanonebis da konstantinopolis 394 wlis<br />
dadgenileba.<br />
patriarq fotis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli konstantinopolis sami kreba:<br />
861, 869 da 879 wlebisa. pirvelma maTganma, orgzisma, Semdgarma wm.<br />
mociqulebis taZarSi imperator mixeil III-isa, papis legatebisa da 318<br />
episkoposis monawileobiT, daamtkica wm. fotis arCeva sapatriarqo kaTedraze<br />
da wm. ignatis damxoba. 869 wlis krebam papis moTxovniT gaauqma wina krebis<br />
dadgenileba, gamoacxada wm. fotis gadadgoma da dedaqalaqis kaTedraze<br />
ignatis aRdgena. 879 wlis konstantinopolis kreba moiwvies wm. sofiis
taZarSi. mas Tavmjdomareobda sapatriarqo RirsebaSi aRdgenili wm. foti<br />
ukve wm. ignatis sikvdilis Semdeg. krebaSi monawileobda 383 mama<br />
aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebisa. krebam aRadgina gawyvetili<br />
urTierToba aRmosavluri da dasavluri eklesiebisa.<br />
TiToeulma am krebam gamosca kanonebi. kaTolikuri eklesia aRiarebs 869<br />
wlis krebas, rogorc VIII msoflios. amis sapirispirod marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesia kanonikur mniSvnelobas aniWebs mxolod orgzisi krebis kanonebs da<br />
agreTve wm. sofiis taZris krebas da uaryofs 869 wlis krebas. orgzisma<br />
krebam gamosca 17, wm. sofiis taZris krebam 3 kanoni 234 .<br />
3. wmida mamaTa kanonebi. kanonikur krebebSi msgavsad nikeemdeli epoqis<br />
wm. mamebis kanonebisa, Sevida aseve kanonebi 9 mamisa, romelTac ixsenebs<br />
trulis krebis me-2 kanoni. esenia: wm. wm. aTanase didi, basili didi, grigoli<br />
RvTismetyveli, grigoli noseli, amfiloqe ikonieli, kirile aleqsandrieli,<br />
genadi konstantinopoleli, agreTve timoTe da Teofile aleqsandrielebi da<br />
kanonikuri epistole wm. tarasi konstantinopolelisa, romelic iyo ukve<br />
trulis krebis Semdeg.<br />
wm. aTanase didi (+372 w.) - mebrZoli nikeis rwmenisa, marTlmadideblobis<br />
mamad wodebuli, avtori dogmatikuri, apologetikuri da polemikuri<br />
Txzulebebisa. kanonikur krebulSi Sevida misi sami epistole.<br />
wm. basili didis (+379 w.) kanonebi gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania<br />
saeklesio samarTlisaTvis. wm. basili aRizarda qristianul ojaxSi,<br />
ganaTleba aTenSi miiRo. egviptis, siriis, palestinisa da mesopotamiis<br />
monastrebis molocvis Semdeg wmidani ganmartovda Tavis megobar grigoli<br />
nazianzelTan erTad udabur adgilas, saidanac 370 w. miiwvies saepiskoposo<br />
samsaxurisaTvis kesaria-kapadokiaSi. wm. basili meTaurobda marTlmadidebel<br />
episkoposebs pontos diocezisa da mTeli aRmosavleTis arianuli da<br />
naxevrad arianuli eresis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. basili didis<br />
dogmatikuri Tzxulebani, rogorc nawerebi wm. wm. aTanase da grigoli<br />
RvTismetyvelisa, gaxda safuZveli marTlmadidebluri trinitaruli<br />
RvTismetyvelebisa. kanonikur krebebSi Sevida 92 kanoni wm. basilisa.<br />
wm. grigol noseli (+395 w.), umcrosi Zma basili didisa, cnobilia Tavisi<br />
daxvewili saRvTismetyvelo da filosofiuri ganaTlebiTa da moSurneobiT<br />
WeSmaritebis dacvisaTvis cruswavlebisagan. kanonikur krebulSi Sevida misi<br />
erTi epistole dayofili 8 kanonad.<br />
grigoli RvTismetyveli (+389 w.), megobari iyo wm. basili kesarielisa.<br />
kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesulia misi leqsad dawerili CamonaTvali Zveli da<br />
axali aRTqmis wmida wignebisa.<br />
wm. amfiloqe ikonielis (+395) analogiuri Sinaarsis epistolea Sesuli<br />
kanonikur krebulSi.<br />
timoTes, aleqsandrieli mTavarepiskoposis (+385 w.), wm. aTanases mowafis,<br />
18 pasuxia Sesuli saeklesio wyaroebis krebulSi, es pasuxebi man gasca<br />
episkoposebisa da samRvdeloebis kiTxvebs.<br />
aleqsandrieli Teofiles 14 kanonia Sesuli kanonikur krebulSi. igi iyo<br />
mdevneli wm. ioane oqropirisa, aleqsandriuli saRvTismetyvelo skola II-IV<br />
saukuneebSi yvela sxva saeklesio skolas aRemateboda Tavisi swavlebiT. wm.<br />
kirile aleqsandrieli (+444 w.) iyo mcveli marTlmadidebluri
qristologiisa nestorianelTa eresisagan. kanonikur krebulSi moTavsebulia<br />
agreTve epistole mTavarepiskopos genadisa (+471), konstantinopolis 459<br />
wlis krebis mamebTan erTad simoniis Sesaxeb da wm. tarasis,<br />
konstantinopoleli (+809) patriarqisa romis papis adrianesTan aseve simoniis<br />
Sesaxeb. wm. tarasis epistoleTi mTavrdeba umTavresi kanonikuri krebuli<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesiisa.<br />
zogierT umTavres krebulSi damatebiT Sesulia wm. ioane mmarxvelis (+595<br />
w.) `kanonikoni~, SemdegSi damuSavebuli mRvdelmonazon maTeos blastaris<br />
mier. igi iqca saxelmZRvanelod sasuliero pirebisaTvis (da CarTulia<br />
berZnul kanonikur krebulebSi: `pidalionsa~ da `aTenis sintagmaSi~).<br />
`pidalionis~ zogierT krebulSi Sesulia wm. nikifore aRmsareblis (+818)<br />
kanonebi 235 .<br />
4. kanonikuri krebulebi. msoflio krebaTa epoqaSi arsebobda uxvi<br />
saeklesio kanonikuri masala, aman gamoiwvia aucilebloba misi kodifikaciisa,<br />
Seiqmna krebulebi, romelTa daniSnuleba iyo, xeli Seewyo aRniSnuli masalis<br />
praqtikuli gamoyenebisaTvis.<br />
msoflio krebaTa epoqis krebulebi SeiZleba davyoT sam jgufad.<br />
1. kanonikurni, romelnic Seicavs mxolod saeklesio kanonebs;<br />
2. samoqalaqo, romelnic Seicavs mxolod saxelmwifo kanonebs saeklesio<br />
saqmeTa Sesaxeb;<br />
3. Sereuli krebulebi, romlebic Seicavs rogorc erT, ise meore kanonebs _<br />
nomokanonebi (berZnuli sityvidan `nomo~ _ sjuli (pfrjys) da `kanoni~<br />
(amJamad `nomo~ iTargmneba, rogorc kanoni, magram Cans, Zvel saqarTveloSi<br />
`nomo~ iTargmneboda rogorc `sjuli~, `kanoni~ ki saeklesio sjuli).<br />
kanonikur krebulebs yofdnen or tipad: qronologiurad, romelSic<br />
krebaTa da mamaTa kanonebi qronologiuri mimdevrobiT iyo moyvanili da<br />
sistematurad, romelSic saeklesio-samarTlebrivi masala dajgufebuli iyo<br />
Tavebis, ganyofilebebis, rubrikeb-titulebis mixedviT.<br />
pirveli CvenTvis cnobili qronologiuri krebuli dakavSirebulia<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mezobel pontos diocezTan - e.w. pontos krebuli, masSi Sevida<br />
ankiris, kesariis da neokesariis krebebis kanonebi (Cemi azriT, Tu<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> uSualo mezobel pontos diocezSi Rrma Seswavlis obieqti iyo<br />
saeklesio kanonikuri samarTali, CvenSic unda hqonodaT warmodgena, Tu<br />
praqtikuli gamoyeneba ara, aRniSnuli krebulis Sesaxeb).<br />
SemdgomSi pontos krebuls daemata sxva kanonebi IV-V ss-isa,<br />
qronologiuri Sesabamisobis mixedviT. kerZod, gangrisa (Rangris) da<br />
antioqiis krebebisa, sinopsisi _ Semoklebuli gadmocema _ kanonebisa,<br />
gamocemulni aseve Cveni mezobeli frigiis provinciis krebebis mier,<br />
romelTac ewodebodaT laodikiis krebis kanonebi da bolos II msoflio<br />
krebis epistole, jer kidev kanonebad dauyofeli. am krebuliT<br />
sargeblobdnen qalkedonis krebis mamebi. IV msoflio krebam Tavisi 1 kanoniT<br />
daamtkica saerTo saeklesio avtoriteti am kodeqsisa, romelsac ewoda<br />
qalkedonis krebuli. gangra, frigia da laodikia, rogorc aRiniSna,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mezoblad mdebareobdnen.<br />
Seqmnili iyo sxva qronologiuri krebulebi, magram qronologiur rigze<br />
dawyobili kanonebi mouxerxebeli iyo praqtikuli gamoyenebis drois,
Zneldeboda moZieba saWiro kanonisa, amitomac ukve VI saukunidan gamoCnda<br />
saeklesio kanonebis pirveli berZnuli sistematuri krebuli, 60 titulovani<br />
(titlovani). masSi mTeli masala dalagebuli iyo 60 Tavad, anu titulad -<br />
Sinaarsis Sesabamisad.<br />
Cvenamde moaRwia presviter ioane sqolastikosis (ase uwodebdnen im drois<br />
advokatebs) sistemurma krebulma, romelsac uwoda `sinagoga saRmrTo da<br />
wmida kanonebisa dayofili 50 Tavad (titulad)~.<br />
VI-VII ss-Si konstantinopolSi gamoCnda kanonebis axali krebuli<br />
`kanonikuri sintagma~ - gayofili or nawilad. pirveli nawili - sistematuria,<br />
masSi mTeli masala dayofilia 14 rubrikad - titulad, romelnic, Tavis<br />
mxriv, dayofilia Tavebad. meore nawilSi igive kanonebi ganlagebulia<br />
qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT. cnobilia agreTve sxva sistematuri<br />
krebulebic.<br />
romaulma samoqalaqo samarTalma, saeklesios msgavsad, adrebizantiur<br />
epoqaSi ganicada kodificireba (kodifikacia). Sedgenil iqna sakanonmdeblo<br />
krebulebi, romlebSic Sevida rogorc qristianobamdeli imperatorebis, ise<br />
qristiani imperatorebis kanonebi, adrebizantiuri sakanonmdeblo aqtebi<br />
icemoda imperiis saxelmwifo laTinur enaze. 438 wels gamoica Teodosis<br />
`kodeqsi~. kanonebi am `kodeqsSi~ dayofilia 16 wignad, romelnic dayofilia<br />
Tavebad (titulebad). bolo me-16 wigni Seicavs saxelmwifo kanonebs,<br />
romelnic Seexeba saeklesio saqmeebs.<br />
iustiniane didma (527-565) gamosca fundamenturi krebulebi romauli<br />
samarTlisa, romelTac uwodes `saero samarTlis korpusi~ (Corpus iuris civilis).<br />
am korpusSi Sedis 4 krebuli<br />
1. `dadgenilebaTa kodeqsi~. masSi Sevida imperatorTa kanonebi adrianedan (117<br />
w.) iustinianes bolo kanonamde (534 w.). krebuli dayofilia 12 wignad,<br />
TiToeuli wigni titulebad. saeklesio saqmeebs exeba pirveli wignis<br />
dasawyisi titulebi. gamoica orjer 529 da 534 wlebSi, pirvels ewoda<br />
`Zveli~, axals - `Sesworebuli~.<br />
2. (meore krebuli iustinianesi) `digestebi~, anu `pandeqtebi~. gamoqveynda 533<br />
w. dayofilia 50 wignad. Sedis warmodgenili epoqis iuristebis<br />
ganmartebebi.<br />
3. (mesame krebuli iustinianesi) - `institucia~, dayofilia 4 wignad. wignebi<br />
titulebad, titulebi paragrafebad. is SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aris<br />
saxelmZRvanelo samarTlebrivi masalis Sesaswavlad.<br />
4. (meoTxe krebuli iustinianesi) - ewodeba `axali dadgenilebani~, anu<br />
`novelebi~ - esaa iustinianes is kanonebi, romelnic gamoica `kodeqsis~<br />
gamoqveynebis Semdeg. `novelebi~, ZiriTadad, dawerilia berZnul enaze.<br />
pirveli TariRdeba 535 wliT.<br />
saeklesio sakiTxSi iustinianes kanonebis ZiriTadi adresati, rogorc<br />
wesi, konstantinopolis patriarqia 236 , magram brZanebebi sxva patriarqebsac<br />
egzavnebodaT. `novelis~, anu brZanebis miRebis Semdeg patriarqebi maT<br />
ugzavnidnen mitropolitebs, saidanac isini egzavnebodaT episkoposebs da ase<br />
Semdeg _ monastrebsa da samrevloebs. es novelebi erT wignad Sekribes<br />
iustinianes sikvdilis Semdeg.<br />
741 wels gamoica lev isavrosisa da konstantine koprinimis (qarTvelebi<br />
mas uwodeben konstantine skores) `kanonebis ekloga~. es imperatorebi
xatmebrZolebi iyvnen, amitomac igi marTlmadideblobis damtkicebis Semdeg<br />
miaweres IX saukunis imperatorebs _ lev brZensa da mis Svils konstantines.<br />
imperatorma basili makedonelma da misma Svilma lev brZenma gamosces<br />
ramdenime krebuli romaul-bizantiuri samarTlisa. esenia: `proxironi~ da<br />
`basiliki~. `basilikSi~ Sevida mxolod is Zveli kanonebi, romelTac ar<br />
hqondaT Zala dakarguli imperator basili makedonelis mmarTvelobisas.<br />
krebuli dayofilia 60 wignad. wignebi titulebad, titulebi Tavebad, Tavebi<br />
paragrafebad. saeklesio saqmeTa Sesaxeb laparakia 1,3,4, da 5 wignebSi. am<br />
basilisa da misi Svilebis sulieri mama-aRmzrdeli iyo ilarioni, qarTveli<br />
wmidani.<br />
XII s-Si bizantiaSi iuridiul Zalas aniWebdnen iustinianes `korpusis~<br />
mxolod im kanonebs, romelnic `basilikebis~ krebulSi iyo Sesuli.<br />
balsamonma aseve gadaxeda `nomokanonis~ kanonebs, am dros maTi mniSvnelobis<br />
kriteriumad miiCnia Semdegi garemoeba: Setanili iyo Tu ara isini<br />
`basilikSi~. es iyo bizantiuri samarTlebrivi reforma, romelic, Cveni<br />
azriT, saeWvoa, rom asaxuliyo qarTul saeklesio samarTalSi, radgan,<br />
rogorc cnobilia, arc `basiliki~ da arc balsamonis ganmartebebi qarTulad<br />
Targmnili ar yofila (slavurSi ar Sevida amave mizeziT) 237 .<br />
5. `nomokanonebi~. ase uwodebdnen Tavdapirvel krebulebs, romlebic<br />
Seicavda rogorc saeklesio, iseve samoqalaqo kanonebs saeklesio saqmeTa<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
uZvelesi `nomokanoni~ miewereba ioane sqolastikoss, Tumca misi avtoroba<br />
saeWvodaa miCneuli. miakuTvneben VI saukunes.<br />
yvelaze cnobili da istoriulad mniSvnelovani saeklesio-samarTlebrivi<br />
krebulia _ `nomokanoni 14-titulovani~. misi Seqmna miewereba<br />
konstantinopolel patriarqs wm. fotis. amJamad miiCneven, rom igi Sedgenilia<br />
ori avtoris mier, da arsebobs misi ori redaqcia sxvadasxva epoqisa. pirveli<br />
redaqcia miewereboda konstantinopolis patriarqs sergis (610-638) (es sergi<br />
iyo kirosis, savaraudod qarTvelTa kaTalikosis kirionis, megobari).<br />
`ToTxmettitulovani nomokanoni~ Sedgeba ori nawilisagan. pirveli<br />
nawili, romelsac aseve `nomokanoni~ ewodeba, gayofilia 14 titulad,<br />
titulebi Tavebad, aqvs kanonTa saCvenebeli. TiToeuli rubrikis qveS<br />
gamoyofilia samoqalaqo kanonebi Tavisa da titulis Tematikis mixedviT.<br />
krebulis meore nawils ewodeba `sintagma~, Sedgeba kanonebis teqstebisagan,<br />
romelnic ganlagebulia qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT.<br />
`ToTxmettitulovani nomokanonis~ meore redaqcia Sedgenilia 883 wels.<br />
zogierTi mecnieri mas miawers wm. fotis. fotis `nomokanonSi~ warmodgenilia<br />
yvela kanoni, Setanili sakanonmdeblo kodeqsSi, romelsac dRes vicnobT. esaa<br />
yvelaze sruli da saxmarad mosaxerxebeli krebuli, amitomac man berZnuli<br />
eklesiidan gandevna yvela sxva kompilacia. aqedan gamomdinare, 920 wlis<br />
konstantinopolis krebam sazeimod daamtkica `ToTxmettitulovani<br />
nomokanoni~ rogorc sayovelTaod savaldebulo kodeqsi msoflio<br />
eklesiisaTvis. amJamad fotis `nomokanonis~ `sintagma~ warmoadgens<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis kanonikur krebuls 238 .<br />
imis gamo, rom 920 wlis konstantinopolis krebam `14-titulovani<br />
nomokanoni~ sayovelTaod savaldebulod daamtkica msoflio eklesiisaTvis,
unda vifiqroT, rom iqamde qarTul eklesiaSi arsebuli Zveli saeklesiosamarTlebrivi<br />
kodeqsebi mouxmareblobisa da gadauwerlobis gamo TandaTan<br />
amoRebul iqna xmarebidan da amdenad, ver moaRwia Cvenamde.<br />
6. kanonTa ganmartebani, aristine, zonara, balsamoni. bizantiuri<br />
epoqis saeklesio samarTlis damaxasiaTebeli niSania – adre gamocemuli<br />
kanonebis ganmartebani. kanonebis ganmartebebs berZeni iuristebi uwodeben –<br />
sqolioebs, xolo laTinebi glosebs.<br />
Tavdapirvelad, sqolioebs werdnen xelnawerTa areebze. maT hqondaT<br />
SeniSvnebisa da ganmartebebis xasiaTi calkeuli sityvisa Tu kanonebis<br />
zogierTi adgilisaTvis. TandaTanobiT zogierTi Zveli sqolio Seitanes<br />
samarTlis teqstSi anda TviTon gadaiqcnen TavisTavad kanonad.<br />
aleqsi aristine eladeli iyo, miiRo iuridiuli ganaTleba, eWira maRali<br />
samoqalaqo Tanamdeboba. konstantinopolSi miiwvia imperatorma ioane<br />
komnenosma – diakonobasTan erTad man daiWira umaRlesi saxelmwifo<br />
Tanamdebobani – nomofilaqsisa, da bolos, saeklesio Tanamdeboba _<br />
sapatriarqo eklesiis didi ekonomosisa. gardaicvala 1166 wlis Semdeg.<br />
imperatoris davalebiT ioane aristinem Seadgina kanonikuri `sinopsisis~<br />
ganmartebani (daaxl. 1130 wels).<br />
ioane zonara – cnobili bizantieli kanonisti, cxovrobda imperatorTa:<br />
aleqsis da ioanes dros. eWira didi saxelmwifo Tanamdebobani, col-Svilis<br />
sikvdilis Semdeg berad aRikveca. dawera sxvadasxva Txzuleba, maT Soris<br />
fotis `nomokanonis~ `sintagmis~ ganmarteba (daaxl. 1142 wlis Semdeg).<br />
nomokanonis pirveli nawilis ganmarteba ar moucia (es nawili Seicavs<br />
eklesiis Sesaxeb samoqalaqo kanonebs).<br />
Teodor balsamoni iyo XII saukunis yvelaze avtoritetuli kanonisti.<br />
daibada konstantinopolSi. imperator manuilis dros eWira sapatriarqo<br />
nomofilaqsisa da xartofilaqsis Tanamdebobani. 1193 wels aiyvanes antioqiis<br />
patriarqis taxtze, magram am dros antioqia jvarosnebs eWiraT, amitom<br />
balsamons ar dautovebia konstantinopoli. es iyo imperator isaak angelosis<br />
dros.<br />
nikita xoniatis TqmiT, imperatori isaak angelosi dahpirda balsamons,<br />
rom konstantinopolis patriarqis kaTedraze gadaiyvanda antioqiis<br />
patriarqis kaTedridan, Tuki igi am aqtis damamtkicebel ganmartebebs<br />
Seadgenda. Sesabamisi ganmarteba balsamonma gadasca episkoposTa krebas,<br />
magram aRmoCnda, rom es sabuTi imperators esaWiroeboda, raTa<br />
konstantinopolis kaTedraze gadmoeyvana misTvis sasurveli ierusalimeli<br />
patriarqi dosiTeosi 239 .<br />
(imperators SeeZlo sapatriarqo taxtze aeyvana misTvis sasurveli piri<br />
anda gadmoeyvana sxva kaTedridan. konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis,<br />
ierusalimis, antioqiis sapatriarqoebi erT eklesias Seadgendnen erTi<br />
`saeklesio wesierebis uzenaesi mcveliT~ (e.i. imperator-TaviT) da zogjer<br />
saerTo sinodiT _ krebiT).<br />
balsamonma miiRo davaleba, Seedgina mTliani `ToTxmettitulovani<br />
nomokanonis~ ganmartebebi da ara mxolod `sintagmisa~. am droisaTvis<br />
miiCneoda, rom `nomokanonSi~ Sesul iustinianes kanonebsa da im dros<br />
bizantiaSi moqmed kanonmdeblobas Soris, romelic Sesuli iyo `basilikebSi~,<br />
ar iyo Sesatyvisoba.
alsamonma `nomokanonis~ ganmartebis dros aRiara, rom Zaladakargulad<br />
unda CaTvliliyo iustinianes is kanonebi, romelnic marTalia ASesuli iyo<br />
`nomokanonSi~, magram ar iyo `basilikebSi~ 240 .<br />
balsamoni amarTlebs imperatorTa yovelgvar qmedebas saeklesio saqmeTa<br />
marTvaSi. icavs konstantinopolis patriarqis upiratesobas sxva<br />
sapatriarqoebTan SedarebiT. balsamons aqvs agreTve 66 kanonikuri pasuxi,<br />
romelic nomokanonis ganmartebasTan erTad Sevida `aTenis sintagmaSi~.<br />
ukve XIII saukunidan `nomokanonebi~, romelTac ar gaaCndaT `ganmartebani~<br />
(aRniSnuli kanonistebisa) – iTvlebodnen moZvelebulad da gamovidnen<br />
xmarebidan.<br />
XIV saukuneSi aseTive samuSao maTe blastarma Seasrula 241 .<br />
komentatorTa axali Taobis warmomadgenelni arian serbeTis episkoposi<br />
nikodime 242 da ioane smolenskeli episkoposi 243 .<br />
Tavi II.<br />
1. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis pirveli qarTuli Targmanebi<br />
saeklesio samarTali saeklesio-administraciuli mmarTvelobis sferoSi<br />
garkveul cvlilebebs ganicdida epoqaTa Sesabamisad. sxvagvari iyo is<br />
nikeamdeli da aseve qalkedonamdeli eklesiebisaTvis, sxvagvaria is e.w.<br />
`axali eklesiebisaTvis~ (igulisxmeba is eklesiebi, romelnic<br />
konstantinopolis wiaRidan gamovidnen da misgan miiRes avtokefalia. esenia,<br />
ruseTis, bulgareTis, rumineTisa da sxva `axali~ eklesiebi).<br />
nikeas I msoflio krebamde arsebuli eklesiebi erTmaneTis mimarT<br />
damoukidebelni iyvnen da imarTebodnen mociqulTa 34-e kanonis Sesabamisad.<br />
nikeamdeli eklesiebis es damoukidebuleba I, II da III msoflio krebebma ar<br />
SezRudes, magram qalkedonis msoflio krebis Semdeg man garkveuli<br />
cvlilebebi ganicada. am dros moxda eklesiaTa gaerTianeba avtokefaluri
eklesiebis Semcirebis kvaldakval. imis gasarkvevad, Tu administraciuli<br />
mmarTvelobis mxriv ra uflebebiT sargeblobda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia, unda<br />
gairkves es eklesia qalkedonamdeli eklesiaa Tu qalkedoniis krebis Semdeg<br />
Camoyalibda. wyaroebis analizi aCvenebs, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia nikeamde<br />
anda nikeis krebis paralelurad Camoyalibda (amiT, cxadia, is<br />
qalkedonamdeli eklesiaa). es asaxulia saeklesio terminologiaSic.<br />
qarTvelebma qristianobis naTeli miiRes jer kidev romis imperiis<br />
arsebobisas maSin, roca imperiis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebas<br />
marTlmadidebloba, xolo saxelmwifo enas laTinuri warmoadgenda. ramac<br />
Tavisi asaxva pova qarTul sasuliero literaturaSi, magaliTad, wmida<br />
ninos `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, wmida ninos ufalma laTinurad dawerili<br />
mcnebebi gadasca, wmida ninos `romaelTa tyves~ uwodeben, mis sarwmunoebas ki<br />
`romaelTa rjuls~ 244 , wmida nino werils iRebs `romis patriarqisagan~,<br />
masTan modis romaeli diakoni da sxv. romis imperiis arsebobis dros<br />
Tavdapirvelad 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda 245 , amitom<br />
provinciul da diocezur eklesiebs hqondaT administraciuli TavisTavadoba,<br />
romelsac Semdeg avtokefalia ewoda 246 . unda vifiqroT, rom Camoyalibebis<br />
dros I-IV saukuneebSi msoflio eklesiasTan sulierad umWidroesad<br />
dakavSirebuli qarTuli eklesia iseTive administraciuli TavisTavadobiT<br />
sargeblobda, rogoriTac sxva provinciebisa da diocezebis eklesiebi romis<br />
imperiaSi. miT umetes, rom saqarTvelo damoukidebel saxelmwifos<br />
warmoadgenda, rac cxadia, unda asaxuliyo misi eklesiis iuridiul statussa<br />
da masSi moqmed kanonikur samarTalzec, romelTa arsebobis gareSe<br />
eklesiuri cxovreba SeuZlebelia.<br />
IV s-is ukve Sua wlebidan TandaTan viTareba Seicvala da bizantiis<br />
imperiaSi ukve V-VI saukunisaTvis Camoyalibda ramdenime msxvili saeklesio<br />
erTeuli (Semdgomi sapatriarqoebi), romelTac gamoamJRavnes miswrafeba<br />
daeqvemdebarebinaT mezobeli, iqamde administraciulad damoukidebeli<br />
eklesiebi. ZiriTadad, es SeZles kidec, Tumca kviprosis eklesiam SeinarCuna<br />
Tavisi avtokefalia, raSic mas daexmara III msoflio kreba, roca antioqiis<br />
saydari mis administraciul daqvemdebarebas cdilobda. kviprosis eklesiis<br />
msgavs TavisTavad eklesiaTa rigSi albaT qarTuli eklesiac imyofebda, miT<br />
umetes, rom is imperiis farglebs gareT mdebareobda. unda vivaraudoT, rom<br />
am dros IV da gansakuTrebiT V saukuneSi qarTul enaze gadmoiTargmna<br />
bibliuri da saRvTismetyvelo wignebi, wmida mamaTa nawerebis erTi nawili.<br />
iTargmneboda am dros Tu ara kanonikuri krebulebi, CvenTvis ucnobia, magram<br />
radgan msoflioSi pirveli kanonikuri krebulebi swored <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
uSualo mezoblad, kerZod, galateas, frigiisa da pontos provinciebSi<br />
Seiqmna swored aRniSnul periodSi, kanonikuri samarTali arc<br />
qarTvelebisaTvis unda yofiliyo ucnobi, miT umetes, rom am samyarosTan<br />
qarTvelebs umWidroesi sulieri-ekonomikuri urTerToba hqoniaT.<br />
mxedvelobaSi rom ar miviRoT iseTi mniSvnelovani mxarec ki, rogoricaa<br />
qarTvelTa da kapadokiel-pontoel-galatelTa eTnikuri naTesaoba, rac am<br />
urTierTobis kidev ufro garRmavebis erT-erTi xelSemwyobi faqtori unda<br />
yofiliyo.
magram qarTvelebs am Tavis samezoblo, Rrmad qristian qveyanasTan<br />
akavSirebda sarwmunoeba, riTac yovelive ifareboda da umTavres sulier<br />
mamoZravebel Zalas warmoadgenda IV da V saukuneebSi.<br />
VI-VII saukuneSi, rogorc amas epistoleTa wignSi Semonaxuli dvinis<br />
eklesiis meTaurisadmi kirion kaTalikosis pasuxebi miuTiTebs, qarTvelebi<br />
kargad icnobdnen imJamindeli kanonikuri samarTlis safuZvlebs. kavSirurTierToba<br />
hqondaT msoflio eklesiis meTaurebTan, kirionisTvis<br />
gamogzavnili romis papis epistole, romelic nestorianelebTan urTierTobis<br />
sakiTxis mogvarebas exeba, erTi amis damamtkicebeli magaliTia. garda amisa,<br />
rogorc sxvadasxva wyaro miuTiTebs, kirions kavSir-urTierToba hqonda<br />
konstantinopolisa da ierusalimis patriarqebTan. amitomac unda vifiqroT,<br />
rom kavkasiis masStabiT iseTi didi xalxis eklesia, rogoric iyo<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>i, ar unda yofiliyo darCenili saeklesio-samarTlebrivi<br />
Zeglebis gareSe. mkvlevarTa TvalsazrisiT, romelic Sesabamis adgilas<br />
gvaqvs gadmocemuli, saqarTveloSi V saukunisaTvis gavrcelebuli unda<br />
yofiliyo e.w. `siriul-romauli samarTali~, romelic Semdgom xelmeored<br />
uTargmniaT XVIII s-Si.<br />
VII s-Si, mas Semdeg, rac herakle keisarma iranis saxelmwifo daamarcxa,<br />
bizantia kidev ufro mWidrod daukavSirda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>. rogorc zemoT<br />
aRiniSna, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> emezoblebodnen bizantiis Rrmad qristianuli<br />
saeklesio provinciebi, rasac CvenSi, kerZod ki maT uSualo mezobel taoklarjeTSi,<br />
unda Seeqmna xelsayreli pirobebi bizantielTa msgavsad<br />
kanonikuri samarTlis mcodne pirebis arsebobisaTvis. amas unda miuTiTebdes<br />
qarTuli terminis `merCules~ arseboba, rac swored kanonikuri samarTlis<br />
mcodnesa da ganmmartebels _ `merjules~ erqva. rogorc p. ingoroyvam<br />
gaarkvia, am profesiis mqone sasuliero pirebi bizantieli advokatebisa da<br />
sqolastebis msgavsi profesiis mqoneni unda yofiliyvnen, romelTa<br />
daniSnuleba saeklesio kanonebis ganmarteba iyo, maT unda hqonodaT<br />
Sesabamisi ganaTlebac. amas adasturebs CvenTvis cnobili mwerlis, giorgi<br />
merCules didi ganaTleba da erudicia.<br />
unda vivaraudoT, rom qarTul enaze arsebobda saeklesio-kanonikuri<br />
krebulebi, magram rogorc aRvniSneT, konstantinopolis 920 wlis saeklesio<br />
krebam akrZala yvela Zveli krebulis gamoyeneba, garda `ToTxmettitlovani<br />
nomokanonisa~, amitomac Zveli qarTuli kanonikuri samarTlis krebulebi<br />
(Targmanebi), Cans, amoRebul iqna xmarebidan, SesaZloa amitomac ar moaRwia<br />
Cvenamde.<br />
CvenSi rom msoflio krebaTa kanonebis ganmartebani arsebobda, unda<br />
miuTiTebdes V-VI krebis kanonebis eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmani-ganmarteba.<br />
man, miuxedavad zemoaRniSnuli akrZalvisa, rogorc Cans, mainc gaagrZela<br />
qarTul eklesiaSi tradiciuli muSaoba saeklesio kanonebze da mogvca<br />
aRniSnuli krebis dadgenilebebi e.w. `mcire sjulis kanonis saxiT~.<br />
iv. javaxiSvilis SexedulebiT `qarTuli kanonikuri mwerlobis pirveli<br />
Zeglebi ukve xanmetobis xanaSi yofila~ 247 .<br />
2. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VI-VII ss-Si
iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, msoflio krebaTa sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi qarTul<br />
enaze ukve gadmoRebuli unda yofiliyo VI s-is bolosa da VII s-is<br />
dasawyisSi. es mosazreba efuZneba `epistoleTa wignis~ ganxilvas. kirioni<br />
abraam somexTa kaTalikoss swerda erT-erT epistoleSi _ `me<br />
gadmovaTargmnine da gaaxle oTxi krebis wignebi, romliTac xelmZRvaneloben<br />
romaelebi (e.i. bizantielebi), agreTve igive iqadageba anastas-wmidasa da wmida<br />
sionSic (e.i. ierusalimis eklesiaSi) – gindaT Tu ara, esaa Cveni sarwmunoeba~,<br />
am sityvebidan Cans, rom kirion kaTalikoss abraam kaTalikosisaTvis oTxi<br />
msoflio krebis aRsarebis Semcveli Zegli gadmouTargmnia 248 . amave<br />
epistoleSi ganmartebulia, Tu saidan aiRo kirionma oTxi msoflio krebis<br />
aRmsarebloba _ kirioni wers: `Cven Cveni gonebiT araferi dagviweria, aramed<br />
TiToeuli saeklesio krebaTa wignebidan aris amoRebuli~ 249 .<br />
z. aleqsiZis TargmaniT ase JRers es sityvebi: `icodeT, rom es Cven TviTon<br />
ki ar davwereT, aramed TviToeuli krebis wignidan [amoviReT] da sarwmunoeba<br />
RmerTis mowyalebiT CvenSia. davwereT sruli WeSmaritebiT, ara Tu mcire<br />
gamoZiebiT, aramed didad davSveriT da vcaniT~ 250 .<br />
iv. javaxiSvili daaskvnis, `VI-VII ss. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias msoflio<br />
krebebis Zeglis weraTa wigni hqonia da amnairad kanonikuri mwerloba am<br />
SemTxvevaSi msoflio eklesiis kanonebis Targmanebis saxiT mainc ukve<br />
arsebobda rasakvirvelia adgilobiTi krebebis ZeglisweraTa wignebic<br />
iqneboda~ 249 . qarTuli kanonikuri mwerlobis dasawyisad iv. javaxiSvils<br />
miaCnia xanmetobis xana 249 . k. kekeliZe ar iziarebs am Tvalsazriss da miiCnevs,<br />
rom XI-XII ss-mde qarTvelebs ar uTargmniaT kanonikuri Zeglebi. k. kekeliZes<br />
eTanxmeba e. gabiZaSvili da miiCnevs, rom `dasaxelebul krebaTa sruli<br />
aqtebis qarTul enaze am droisaTvis arseboba Zalian saeWvod migvaCnia, miT<br />
umetes, rom nikeis I da konstantinopolis II msoflio krebaTa aqtebi – krebis<br />
sxdomaTa zustad Cawerili oqmebi, rogorc III, IV, V, VI da VIII msoflio<br />
krebebis Sesaxeb gvaqvs saerTod ar unda arsebuliyo~ 251 .<br />
SesaZloa marTlac ar arsebobda I da II msoflio krebaTa zustad<br />
Cawerili oqmebi, magram III, IV msoflio krebaTa mier gamocemuli kanonebis<br />
Targmna SeeZloT qarTvelebs somxur eklesiasTan udidesi mniSvnelobis mqone<br />
kamaTis dros, roca am saeklesio sakiTxs, faqtobrivad, saxelmwifoebrivi,<br />
eris momavali cxovrebis ganmsazRvreli mniSvneloba hqonda da es orive<br />
mokamaTe krebam kargad icoda. am mxriv iv. javaxiSvilis mosazreba misaRebia.<br />
miTumetes, rom kirioni orjer axsenebs `oTx krebaTa wignebs~ 252 , amasTanave<br />
Tavis epistoles Tan urTavs I, II, III da IV krebaTa masalebs 253 .<br />
al. vaCeiSvili am sakiTxSi eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvils da miaCnia, rom VI-IX<br />
ss-Si eklesiis Sinagani cxovrebis mosawesrigeblad, saxelmwifosa da kerZo<br />
pirebTan urTierTobis mosagvareblad iuridiul normebs bizantiidan<br />
gadmoiRebdnen 254 .<br />
3. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VIII-IX ss-Si<br />
iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, qarTul enaze saeklesio kanonebis krebuli ukve<br />
grigol xanZTelis epoqaSi arsebobda, rasac gvafiqrebinebs giorgi merCulis<br />
saistorio TxzulebaSi Sesuli erTi cnoba. javaxeTis saeklesio krebaze<br />
guaram mamfals ganucxadebia: `wmidao mamano, episkoposno da meudabnoeno,
iciT yovelTa kanoni Sjulisai, rameTu ara brZanebs episkoposisa da<br />
kaTalikosisa mZlavrobiT dajdomasa~. amis sapasuxod grigol xanZTels<br />
agreTve msoflio saeklesio kanonmdeblobidan amoRebuli sabuTebiT miugia:<br />
`wmidaTa mociqulTa da RirsTa maT mRvdelT moZRvarTagan gansazRvrebulsa<br />
kanonsa Sina arave brZanebul ars eriskacTa viTarmca episkoposTa da wesisa<br />
winamZRvarTa mamaTa gansagebelisa sjulis moZRvrebasa ikadrebda~. iv.<br />
javaxiSvilis TqmiT aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom ara mxolod saeklesio<br />
moZRvrebi, aramed ganaTlebuli eriskacebic ki icnobdnen `Sjulis kanons~,<br />
masze amyarebdnen TavianT sabuTebsa da msjelobas 255 . iv. javaxiSvilma<br />
gaarkvia, rom es sabuTebi, kerZod, eyrdnoboda `Sjuliskanonis~ im nawils,<br />
romelsac ewodeboda `mociqulTa gansazRvrebuli kanonebi~ da<br />
`mRvdelmoZRvarTa gansazRvrebuli kanonebi~. iv. javaxiSvili askvnis,<br />
`warmoudgenelia, rom msoflio saeklesio krebebis kanonebic naTargmni ar<br />
yofiliyo~ 256 . cxadia, SesaZloa es ar yofiliyo is saboloo redaqcia,<br />
romelic ToTxmettitulovani krebulis saxeliTaa cnobili, aramed erT-erTi<br />
krebuli im sjuliskanonTagan, romelic bizantiaSi Zalze mravlad<br />
arsebobda. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom tao-klarjeTs bizantia miiCnevda<br />
Tavisi imperiis Tu nawilad ara, masze daqvemdebarebul teritoriad mainc,<br />
cxadia, imperiis teritoriaze arsebul marTlmadidebel eklesiebs unda<br />
hqonodaT kidec bizantiuri sjuliskanonebis Targmanebi, sxvagvarad eklesiis<br />
marTva SeuZlebeli Seiqneboda, gansakuTrebiT im dros, roca somxuri eklesia<br />
pretenzias acxadebda tao-klarjeTze, raTa igi Tavis iurisdiqciaSi Seeyvana<br />
(iseve, rogorc iyo VI-VII ss-is periodSi). aseT dros somxur eklesiasTan<br />
paeqrobisas, cxadia, qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebsa da meudabnoeebs xelT<br />
eqnebodaT Sesabamisi saeklesio kanonmdebloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom somxur<br />
eklesias isini Tavidanve hqonda. k. kekeliZis azriT, `meaTe saukunis bolomde<br />
qarTul enaze ar Senaxula aramcTu raime kanonikuri krebuli, aramed cotad<br />
Tu bevrad eWvmiutaneli da kategoriuli cnoba aseTi krebulis arsebobis<br />
Sesaxeb~ 257 . magram, Tuki qarTvelebi bizantiaSi sagangebod agzavnidnen<br />
TavianT warmomadgenlebsa da delegatebs im droisaTvis marTlmadideblobis<br />
centrebSi arsebuli saeklesio tipikonebis, gangebebis, wes-Cveulebebis<br />
aRwerilobaTa mosapoveblad, ratom ar unda dainteresebuliyo qarTuli<br />
mxare, bizantiaSive moepovebina saeklesio kanonmdebloba, maSin roca igi<br />
hqonda mis mezobel somxur eklesiasac? `Zeglis weraTa wignebi~, romelnic<br />
kirion kaTalikoss abraam kaTalikosisTvis gaugzavnia, kidec rom ar<br />
yofiliyo kanonikuri Zeglebi, rogorc k. kekeliZe fiqrobs, aramed<br />
sarwmunoebriv-aRmsareblobiTi xasiaTis dogmatikuri formulebi, mainc, maT<br />
Sexeba unda hqondaT kanonikasTan, radganac dogmatikuri mwerlobac<br />
efuZneboda msoflio krebaTa gansazRvrebebs, mociqulTa kanonebsa da<br />
eklesiis cnobil moZRvarTa kanonikur epistoleebs, ganmartebebs, rac<br />
kanonikis safuZvelia. somex-qarTvelTa saeklesio cilobis dros<br />
moxseniebulia leon didis tomosi, epistole, romelsac IV msoflio<br />
qalkedonis krebis dros gadamwyveti mniSvneloba mieniWa. `epistoleTa<br />
wignSi~ naTqvamia, rom rogorc qarTvelebma, ise somxebma ganixiles<br />
qalkedonis krebaTa dadgenilebebi da leonis epistolec. `ueWvelia es<br />
dokumentebi qarTuladac iqneboda naTargmni~ _ daaskvnis k. kekeliZe 258 . rac<br />
miuTiTebs, rom im daucxromeli brZolisa da kamaTis dros, romelic
mimdinareobda somxur eklesiasTan VI-X saukuneebSi qarTvelebi praqtikuli<br />
saWiroebis gamo iZulebulnic ki iqnebodnen, eTargmnaT kanonikuri xasiaTis<br />
Zeglebi berZnuli enidan. ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom episkoposi stefane<br />
mtbevari somxur eklesiasTan kamaTis dros axsenebs swored msoflio krebaTa<br />
kanonebs, roca wers – somxebma `moZRvarTa mier wmidaTa krebaTa<br />
RvTivsulierTa kanoni saeklesio Seuracxyves~ 259 , rac kanonikuri mwerlobis<br />
qarTulad arsebobas gulisxmobs.<br />
4. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi X-XI ss-Si<br />
wmida eqvTime mTawmidelma X saukunis bolos Targmna ioane<br />
sqolastikosis samarTlebrivi krebuli da meeqvse msoflio krebis<br />
dadgenilebebi. amiT, k. kekeliZis azriT, daiwyo qarTuli saeklesioiuridiuli<br />
mwerloba 260 . Tumca qarTuli didi sjuliskanonis mkvlevari<br />
prof. vl. beneSeviCi fiqrobda, rom X saukunemde qarTul enaze TviT didi<br />
sjuliskanonic ki iyo Targmnili. k. kekeliZe beneSeviCis mosazrebebs ar<br />
eTanxmeba. akritikebs agreTve iv. javaxiSvils, romelic fiqrobda, rom didi<br />
sjuliskanoni arsen iyalToelamde iyo Targmnili. k. kekeliZe wers -<br />
`kanonikur krebulTa TargmanisaTvis pirvelad xeli moukidnia eqvTime<br />
aTonels, rogorc mas Cveulebad hqonda, am SemTxvevaSic, gadmosaTargmn<br />
ZeglTa SerCevisas, saxelmZRvanelo principad man aiRo praqtikuli,<br />
yoveldRiuri mniSvneloba cxovrebisaTvis ama Tu im nawarmoebisa da Tanac<br />
gadmoTargmna ara im saxiT, rogorc is dedanSi iyo, aramed misi<br />
Sedgenilobisa da redaqciis cotaodeni SecvliT qarTul sinamdvilesTan<br />
SefardebiT~ 261 .<br />
pavle ingoroyva gansxvavebuli mosazrebisaa da miiCnevs, rom me-10-11<br />
saukunisaTvis samarTlis mecnierebas saqarTveloSi ganviTarebis maRali<br />
donisaTvis miuRwevia... `me-10-11 saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi yofilan mecnieriuristebi,<br />
romelTac ewodebodaT `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~, bagrat IV-is<br />
cnobili sigelidan irkveva, rom `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~ sagangebod<br />
miiwveodnen xolme saxelmwifos uzenaesi organos - saxelmwifo darbazis<br />
sxdomaze rTuli iuridiuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis dros~ 262 .<br />
p. ingoroyva ixilavs termins `rCuli~ da `merCule~ da daaskvnis: `merCule<br />
iyo mecnieri `rCulisa~, specialurad kanonikuri samarTlis swavluli,<br />
mcodne da amave dros mecnieri mTeli saqristiano moZRvrebisa, damwereli<br />
rCulisa, e.i. Teologi, mecnieri... eqvTime mTawmidelis teqstidan irkveva, rom<br />
`merCule~ iyo ara mxolod `mecnieri~ rCulisa, qristianuli moZRvrebisa,<br />
aramed amave dros `rCulis~ siwmidis mcveli. `merCule~ `ganawesebs kanonsa~<br />
maTTvis, romlebic gardaxdnen qristianuli `rCulis~ wesebs, e. i. merCule<br />
uflebamosilia ikisros amave dros kanonikuri samarTlis msajulis<br />
funqciebi... Tu ramdenad didi iyo `merCuleTa~ (msajulTa) avtoriteti Zvel<br />
saqarTveloSi, amas adasturebs Zveli qarTuli kanonikuri Zegli `mcnebaБ<br />
sasjulo~, sadac kaTalikoss aqvs Semdegi zewodeba `mesjuleTa (e.i.<br />
merCuleTa) Tavi da uxucesi~. p. ingoroyvas gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, grigol<br />
xanZTelis cxovrebis aRmwereli giorgi merCule yofila `rCulis~ sakiTxTa
kanonikuri samarTlis swavluli mcodne 263 . amitomac Tavis TxzulebaSi<br />
aSuqebs kanonikuri samarTlis sakiTxebs, rasac gamowvlilviT ixilavs<br />
javaxeTis saeklesio krebis msvlelobis aRweris dros, agreTve cqiris<br />
istoriis gadmocemisas. aRniSnuli kreba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisa, p.<br />
ingoroyvas mixedviT, Sedga 845-850 wlebSi, javaxeTSi, mTavar guaram mamfalis<br />
mowveviT. krebaze warmodgenilni yofilan sxvebTan erTad `wesisa da<br />
Sjulisa maswavlebelni~, romelnic `wessa daudebdes ersa~. ara mxolod<br />
sasuliero pirTagan, aramed eriskacTaganac ki im epoqaSi mravalni yofilan<br />
`rCulisa moZRvarni~, `saRmrToTa wignTa mecnierni da enaTaTaca wurTilni~,<br />
SeeZloT `rCulis gamoZieba~ da `moZRvreba~. es `wesisa da rCulisa<br />
maswavlebelni~ ucxoeTSic _ ierusalimsa da konstantinopolSic<br />
mogzaurobdnen da iqidan saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi CamohqondaT `keTili wesi~.<br />
wesi igive saeklesio kanonia. Tumca yvela `wesi~ rodi iyo gamosadegi<br />
imdroindeli qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis – radganac `tvirTi Sjulisai da<br />
wesi qristeanobisai, romeli aw qveyanasa Cvensa upyries, friad keTil ars~ da<br />
`tvirTi ganwesebuli eyofin navsa, ukueTu daumZimo – dainTqas da ukueTu<br />
subuqad iyos, qarTa da RelvaTa waritacon~.<br />
saeklesio-iuridiuli ganaTlebis maRalma donem SesaZlebeli gaxada X sis<br />
bolos warmoqmniliyo originaluri qarTuli kanonikuri krebuli,<br />
romelic `mcire sjuliskanonis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. ase mas uwoda TviT<br />
krebulis Semdgenelma wmida eqvTime mTawmidelma. man Targmna berZnuli<br />
kanonikuri mwerlobis sxvadasxva wyaro, nawilobriv gadaamuSava da masSi<br />
Seitana qarTuli masala. sabolood es krebuli garkveuli xnis manZilze<br />
iTvleboda qarTuli eklesiis saxelmZRvanelod da dResac aqvs praqtikuli<br />
mniSvneloba eklesiisaTvis, radganac miuxedavad arsen iyalToelis mier<br />
Targmnili `didi sjuliskanonis~ arsebobisa, igi saukuneTa manZilze<br />
gamoiyeneboda 264 .<br />
mitropolit konstantines TqmiT – wm. eqvTimes es Zeglebi zustad rodi<br />
gadmouRia, igi am kanonebs cvlis, amoklebs, zogierTi sruliad ar Seaqvs<br />
Tavis wignSi, zogjer ki Semoaqvs iseTi masala, romelic saerTod ar icis<br />
berZnulma dedanma. yovelive amis gamo `mcire sjuliskanoni~ Tumca<br />
bizantiuri saeklesio samarTlis ZeglTa mixedviTaa Sedgenili, magram im<br />
principiT, romliTac xelmZRvanelobda qristianoba: emoqmeda ama Tu im<br />
xalxis bunebis Sesabamisad da ara mis sawinaaRmdegod. am principidan<br />
gamomdinare, eqvTimes saeklesio kanonTa krebuli imdenad `gauqarTulebia~,<br />
rom Tavisi struqturiT igi erTaderTia msoflio qristianuli samarTlis<br />
istoriaSi 265 .<br />
VIII-X saukuneebis qarTuli eklesia gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aqcevda<br />
somxuri eklesiisagan qarTuli mrevlis dacvas, radganac, rogorc es<br />
aRniSnuli iyo `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samociqulo eklesiis istoriis~ meore tomSi,<br />
somxuri eklesia pretenziebs acxadebda qarTvel mrevlze, surda<br />
kvlavindeburad moeqcia taos, samxreT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>, gugarqisa da hereTis<br />
qarTveloba Tavisi iurisdiqciis qveS, iseve, rogorc es adre iyo,<br />
gansakuTrebiT VI-VII saukuneebSi (Tumca hereTi somxuri eklesiis<br />
iurisdiqciisagan mxolod X s-Si gaTavisuflda). am mizezis gamo samxreT<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> qarTul eklesias kvlavindeburad etyoboda monofizituri<br />
eklesiis daRi, Cans, zogierTi qarTveli kvlav monofizituri eklesiis
gavlenis qveS iyo, amitomac deda eklesiis mrevlis dacvis mizniT, eqvTimem<br />
Tavis sjuliskanonSi mravali cnoba, miTiTeba da kanoni Seitana im wesebis<br />
Sesaxeb, romelnic somxur eklesiaSi iyo miRebuli, magram sinamdvileSi ki<br />
mwvaleblobas warmoadgenda, kerZod, monofizituri xasiaTisas 266 . k. kekeliZis<br />
sityviT – eqvTimem gadmosaTargmn kanonikur ZeglTa Soris SearCia isini,<br />
romelTac praqtikuli, yoveldRiuri mniSvneloba hqonda 267 .<br />
`mcire sjuliskanoni~ gamosacemad moamzada elguja giunaSvilma. X s.<br />
bolos eqvTime mTawmidelis mier Sedgenili `mcire sjuliskanoni~ e.<br />
giunaSvilis mier miiCneva qarTuli klasikuri kanonikuri mwerlobis saTaved.<br />
igi eqvTime mTawmidels Seudgenia berZnuli kanonikuri mwerlobis sxvadasxva<br />
wyaros mixedviT. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio praqtikaSi farTod gamoiyeneboda.<br />
es kanonikuri krebuli Tavisi SedgenilobiT originaluri da erTaderTia<br />
qristianuli eklesiis samarTlis istoriaSi. misi msgavsi Sedgenilobis<br />
krebuli ar icis arc erTi qveynis saeklesio samarTlis istoriam. `mcire<br />
sjuliskanoni~ oTxi nawilisagan Sedegeba: 1. `wesi da gangeba da<br />
rCuliskanoni meequsisa krebisaБ~; 2. kanonni SecodebulTani; 3. kanonni dRiTidReTa<br />
cTomisani; 4. ZeglisweraБ sarwmunoebisaБ. eqvTime mTawmidels es<br />
krebuli 1005 wlamde Seudgenia 268 .<br />
e. giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, wmida eqvTime mTawmidelis kanonikuri<br />
krebulis pirvel nawils warmoadgens trulis 692 wlis krebis kanonebi,<br />
krebulSi is wodebulia VI msoflio krebis kanonebad. krebulis meore<br />
nawilia SecodebulTa kanonebi, konstantinopolis patriarqis ioane<br />
mmarxvelis (582-595) Sroma, Tumca specialistebis TvalsazrisiT es kanonebi<br />
VIII s. bolosa da X saukunis Sua aRmocenda 269 . krebulis mesame nawils<br />
qarTul samecniero literaturaSi basili didis kanonebi Seerqva, Tumca e.<br />
giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, es kanonebi IX s. Semdeg aRmocenda da X s-Si<br />
sakmaod yofila gavrcelebuli saRvTismetyvelo praqtikaSi. krebis IV nawili<br />
qarTul samecniero literaturaSi iwodeboda VII msoflio krebis kanonebad.<br />
e. giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, es Secdomaa, sinamdvileSi es nawili<br />
warmoadgens 843 wlis konstantinopolis adgilobrivi krebis `sarwmunoebis<br />
Zeglisweras~ 270 .<br />
`rogorc eqvTimes krebulidan Cans, somex-qarTvelTa saeklesio dava am<br />
dros isev ZalaSia~ 271 , es sakiTxi eqvTimes krebulis kanonebSic aisaxa.<br />
magaliTad `wesi da gangeba da rCuliskanoni mequsisa krebisaБ~-s 68-e muxlSi,<br />
kerZod, naTqvamia - `queyanasa mas somxeTisasa wmidaTa da patiosanTa xatTa<br />
gamosaxvasa ara Seiwynarebdnen,… rameTu urCuloman man petros mkawvrelman<br />
viTaca `saCecari~ aswava, egreTve eseca boroti wvalebaT sadme maT Soris<br />
dasTesa~ 272 . 72-e muxlis mixedviT, `gveuwya viTarmed queyanasa somxiTisasa<br />
saklvelTa dahklven, locvarsa da xorcsa mas SeiReben eklesiad da miscemen<br />
mRvdelTa nawilsa wesisa misebr Zuelisa rCulisa, viTarca iqmodes huriani,<br />
xolo ese wesi gareSe ars wesTagan kaTolike eklesiisa~ 273 . rogorc<br />
cnobilia, msgavsi Cveva saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT mTianeTSi, amJamad<br />
arsebobs (Tumca xorci eklesiaSi ar SeaqvT), safiqrebelia, rom es Cveva<br />
gadmonaSTia I-IV saukuneebSi arsebul pirvelqristianul, e.w. iudauri<br />
qristianuli wesebisa. varaudia gamoTqmuli (T. mgalobliSvili), rom I-IV<br />
saukuneebSi CvenSi, ise rogorc aRmosavleTis qveynebSi (siria, somxeTi, mcire
azia), gavrcelebuli iyo qristianobis Tavdapirveli saxe, e.w. iuridiuli<br />
qristianoba, romelSic mravlad iyo wesebi `Zuelisa rCulisa, viTarca<br />
iqmodes huriani~, T. mgalobliSvilisa da sxvaTa TvalsazrisiT es iudauri<br />
qristianoba IV saukunidan Secvala `berZnulma qristianobam~, romelmac<br />
akrZala Zveli Cvevebi, magram, Cans, aRmosavleT romis imperiaSi (bizantiaSi)<br />
mimdinare es procesi SedarebiT ucxo iyo kavkasiis im eklesiebisaTvis,<br />
romelnic imperiis gareT, zogjer ki arabizantiuri saxelmwifos gavlenis<br />
sferoSi imyofebodnen. Cans, es procesi (Zveli adgilobrivi qristianuli<br />
Cvevebis berZnuliT Secvla) CvenSi aqtualuri gaxda gansakuTrebiT X s-is<br />
Semdeg, qarTuli eklesiis mTawmiduri saganmanaTleblo frTis warmoqmnam XI<br />
s-dan procesi Seuqcevadi gaxada, Tumca, etyoba, mTian, e.w. `soflur~<br />
adgilebSi aseTi (e.i. pirvel-qristianuli, IV s-mdeli) Cvevebi kidev didxans<br />
darCenila.<br />
amis magaliTia `mcire sjuliskanonis~ pirveli nawilis 73-e muxlSi<br />
mocemuli VII s-is kanonis darRveva qarTuli eklesiis `sofluri xucesis~<br />
mier XI s-Si, kerZod, am kanonSi naTqvamia - `guesma, Tu queyanasa somxeTisasa<br />
Tvinier Sesamoslisa xucesni aRasruleben wirvasa TvisiTve SesamosliTa da<br />
es didi wvaleba ars sxuaTave Tana cTomaTa da aw Cuen vamcnebT ukueTu vinme<br />
ikadros marTlmadidebelman mRvdelman anu diakonman Tvinier Sesamoslisa<br />
Jamiswirva, ganakanonos da daeyenos Jamiswirvisagan, vidremdes moigos<br />
wesierebaБ da ebiskoposman pirveladve ixilos misi stiqari, uReli, da<br />
zewari da egreT xelni dasxnes~ 274 .<br />
e.i. trulis saeklesio krebis mamebs amcnes, rom aRmosavleTis (somxeTis)<br />
eklesiebSi, mRvdlebi wiravdnen eklesiebSi ara sagangebo SesamosliT, aramed<br />
TavianTi yoveldRiuri tansacmeliT. es krebam miiCnia wvalebad da aukrZala<br />
aseTi saxiT wirvis Catareba samRvdeloebas. maT wirvisas unda CaecvaT<br />
stiqari (kaba), uReli (albaT olari) da zewari (omofori). es wesi albaT<br />
dainerga kidec CvenSi, magram XI s. 40-iani wlebis bolos zogierTi qarTveli<br />
mRvdeli antioqiaSi, kerZod ki svimon-wmidis monasterSi Zveleburi wesiT, e.i.<br />
Tavisi yoveldRiuri SesamosliTa da ara sagangebo wirvis SesamosliT<br />
wiravda. es SeumCneviaT berZen berebs, maSinve gangaSi autexiaT, wirvisagan<br />
`dauyenebiaT~ qarTveli berebi, Semdeg ki antioqiis patriarqTan uCivliaT.<br />
Tavis mxriv ki, es giorgi mTawmidelisaTvis ucnobebiaT, romelsac dasWirda<br />
axsna-ganmartebis micema imis dasamtkiceblad, rom qarTveli berebi<br />
marTlmadideblebi iyvnen, da ara sarwmunoebrivi Cvevebis SebRalvis, aramed<br />
ucodinarobis mizeziT iqceodnen ase. giorgi mcire wers - `qarTveli xucesi<br />
svimeon-wmidas Jamsa ver wirvida amis mizezisaTvis, rameTu romelsame Jamsa<br />
sofluri vinme xucesi axlad Camosuli wmidasa svimeonis svetsa zeda gasrul<br />
iyo Jamiswirvad qalamniTa da sabeWuriTa Tvinier samRvdeloisa Sesamoslisa,<br />
viTarca iyo pirvelad wesi Cueni~ 275 . e.i. giorgi mcires azriT, `pirveli wesi<br />
Cveni~ iyo ara sagangebo wirvis SesamosliT wirva, aramed Cveulebrivi,<br />
yoveldRiuri tansacmliT. es wesi berZnul eklesiaSi VI-VII saukuneebSive<br />
ganidevna, magram aRmosavlur eklesiebSi, maT Soris CvenSic didxans, `mcire<br />
rjulis kanonis~ gamocemis epoqaSic darCenila, swored am da sxva eklesiis<br />
praqtikuli mizezebisaTvis iqna kidec eqvTime mTawmidelis mier Sedgenili es<br />
krebuli.
5. wm. fotis nomokanonis, anu didi sjuliskanonis qarTuli Targmani<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia nawilia msoflio eklesiisa, amitomac msoflio<br />
saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebani saqarTveloSi warmoadgenda moqmed<br />
samarTals. ToTxmet Tavad, anu titlebad dayofil berZnuli samarTlis<br />
ZiriTad kanonikur krebuls – CvenSi didi sjuliskanonis saxeliT icnobdnen<br />
da mas Tavisi saboloo saxe dedanSi miuRia wm. fotis Rvawlis Sedegad. igi<br />
bizantiaSi gamoCenila VI s-Si da sxva krebulebTan SedarebiT VII s-dan<br />
upiratesoba moupovebia. igi, iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, IX-X saukuneebSi<br />
qarTuladac unda yofiliyo naTargmni 276 .<br />
k. kekeliZe `did sjuliskanons~ miiCnevda 1114 wlis Semdeg Targmnilad XII<br />
s. I meoTxedSi 277 , Tumca Tavis kerZo werilSi, romelic man vl. beneSeviCs<br />
gaugzavna, aRiarebda, rom ruis-urbnisis `Zegliswera~ gulisxmobs `didi<br />
sjuliskanonis~ qarTulad arsebobas, e.i. Zegli Targmnilia am krebamde. e.<br />
gabiZaSvili gamoTqvams Tavis gakvirvebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom `uaryo k.<br />
kekeliZem es azri~ 278 .<br />
e. gabiZaSvili ar eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvilis azrs `didi sjuliskanonis~<br />
ramdenime Targmanis arsebobis Sesaxeb da miiCnevs, rom `arsen iyalToelis<br />
mier Targmnili `didi sjuliskanoni~ berZnuli 14-titlovani nomokanonis –<br />
erTaderTi Targmania qarTulad da es Zegli arc manamde da arc Semdeg ar<br />
yofila gadmoRebuli~ 279 .<br />
Tumca kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom ivane javaxiSvils ar eeWveboda<br />
didi sjuliskanonis dReisaTvis cnobili Targmanis Sesruleba arsen<br />
iyalToelis mier, magram miiCnevda, rom igi ar iyo pirveli mTargmneli da<br />
manamdec arsebobda Zvel TargmanTa redaqciebi. iv. javaxiSvilis es mosazreba,<br />
vfiqrobT, dResac misaRebia, Tumca ki mis mosazrebas yvela ar iziarebs.<br />
gasaziarebelia iv. javaxiSvilis Tvalsazrisi, rom arsen iyalToels ar<br />
akmayofilebda didi sjuliskanonis Zveli Targmanebi da amitom man igi<br />
xelaxla Targmna, SesaZloa daviT aRmaSeneblis davalebiT 280 .<br />
amJamad miiCneva, rom 883 wels foti patriarqis mier Camoyalibebuli<br />
dResac moqmedi ToTxmettitlovani nomokanonis redaqciis qarTuli Targmani<br />
Seasrula arsen iyalToelma XI s-is bolosa da XII s-is dasawyisSi 281 .<br />
`didi sjuliskanoni~ Seicavs:<br />
1. mociqulTa saxeliT cnobil 85 kanons.<br />
2. msoflio saeklesio krebaTa kanonebs.<br />
3. im adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa kanonebs, romlebic TavianTi<br />
mniSvnelobiTa da warmomadgenelTa didi avtoritetiT tradiciulad<br />
miCneulia am krebulSi Setanis Rirsad.<br />
4. eklesiis didi mamebis kanonebs.<br />
5. krebulis qarTul redaqcias erTvis agreTve ruis-urbnisis saeklesio<br />
krebis kanonebi, es kreba sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefis daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />
mier iyo mowveuli 1105 wels da mas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda<br />
qarTuli eklesiisaTvis 282 .
`didi sjuliskanonis~ Zveli qarTuli redaqciis teqsti zemoT<br />
miTiTebuli SedgenilobiT, gadmoRebuli axal qarTulze, gamoqveynebulia<br />
1987 wlis saeklesio kalendarSi.<br />
melqisedek kaTalikosi Tavis `dawerilSi~ (1031/1033 ww.) Senawir wignTa<br />
Soris asaxelebs wigns - `Sjuliskanoni axali~ 283 . k. kekeliZe mas axlad<br />
gadaweril sjuliskanonad miiCnevs.<br />
iv. surgulaZe 284 miiCnevs, rom `didi sjuliskanoni (XI-XII saukuneebis<br />
mijna) naTargmnia arsen iyalToelis mier. nomokanoni berZnulad niSnavs<br />
kanons da wess. nomokanonebi ewodeba marTlmadideblur saeklesio samarTlis<br />
krebulebs, romlebic Seicaven eklesiis Sinaganawess, agreTve yofa-cxovrebisa<br />
da saojaxo samarTlis normebis debulebebs... sabolood Camoyalibda IX<br />
saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi 14-titlovani nomokanonis, e.w. 883 wlis<br />
redaqciis saxiT. man konstantinopolis 920 wlis saeklesio krebaze<br />
zogadqristianuli saxelmZRvanelos xasiaTi miiRo. kanonikuri kodeqsis<br />
wyaroebi oTx jgufad iyofa: 1. `mociqulTa~-s saxeliT cnobili 85 saeklesio<br />
kanoni, romelic saeklesio kanonmdeblobis pirvel werilobiT Zeglad<br />
iTvleba; 2. msoflio saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi; 3. adgilobrivi saeklesio<br />
kanonebi; 4. avtoritetul saeklesio moRvaweTa epistolaruli kanonmdebloba.<br />
kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesuli wyaroebis kodifikacia TandaTan mimdinareobda III<br />
saukunidan IX saukunemde. am drois ganmavlobaSi epoqis saWiroebis mixedviT,<br />
icvleba kanonikuri krebulis Sinaarsobrivi Semadgenloba. nomokanons<br />
qristianul saxelmwifoSi moqmedi samarTlis mniSvneloba hqonda. Zegli<br />
qarTulad gadmoTargmnilia arsen iyalToelis mier XI saukunis miwurulsa<br />
da XII saukunis pirvel wlebSi. arsen iyalToelia Zeglis qarTulad pirveli<br />
mTargmneli 285 .<br />
6. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi<br />
`mefisa da kaTalikosis saqme orisave swori aris<br />
imitom, rom erTi xorcis xelmwifea da meore sulisa.<br />
(vaxt. kan.25).<br />
zogjer ismis kiTxva – vaxtang VI kaTolikuri aRmsareblobisa iyo Tu<br />
marTlmadidebeli? am kiTxvas mefe-rjulmdebelma TviTonve mravaljer<br />
upasuxa da marTlmadideblobis daufaravi aRmsareblobis gamo iZulebuli<br />
Seiqna qarTlis samefo taxti daetovebina osmaloTa da iranelTa nebiT,<br />
romelTa uRelqveSac iyo moqceuli Cveni qveyana im dros. sityvieri<br />
gancxadebis garda, vaxtang VI-m saqmiT daamtkica Tavisi marTlmadidebluri<br />
aRmsarebloba, gansakuTrebiT, samarTlis sferoSi muSaobis dros. Tavidanve<br />
unda vTqvaT, vaxtangma sxva did marTlmadidebel erebze ufro adre misca<br />
qarTvel ers saeklesio sakanonmdeblo ZeglTa ganmartebani cnobili<br />
bizantieli kanonistebisa, romelnic, cxadia, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
udidesi maswavleblebi iyvnen. esaa maTe blastaris `sintagma~ da konstantine<br />
armenopulos eqvsi wigni.
maTe blastari (XIVs.) marTlmadidebluri eklesiis kanonikuri samarTlis<br />
udidesi avtoritetia. misi mTavari iuridiuli Sromaa: alfabeturi sintagma<br />
msoflio saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis da saero kanonebisa. es naSromi<br />
man 1335 wels Seadgina 286 , misi sruli saTauria `alfabeturi sintagma yvela<br />
sagnisa, romelsac Seicavs saRvTo da wminda kanonebi~. misi wyaroebia _<br />
saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani da kanonebi, agreTve romis samarTali leon<br />
brZenis basilikamde. naSromi Seicavs 24 ganyofilebas berZnuli anbanis rigis<br />
mixedviT.<br />
maTe blastaris `sintagma~ farTod iyo gavrcelebuli, warmoadgenda<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis erT-erT ZiriTad saxelmZRvanelos, igi<br />
saeklesio sjulmdeblobis mniSvnelovani wyaro iyo marTlmadideblur<br />
qveynebSi.<br />
konstantine armenopulo iyo nomofilaqsi (kanonTa mcveli da maTi<br />
marTebulad gamoyenebis magistrati). cxovrobda XIVs-Si, TesalonikSi,<br />
mravali iuridiuli Sromis avtoria, misi ZiriTadi naSromis saxeli<br />
SemoklebiT gamoiTqmis _ `eqvsi wigni~. misi wyaroa imperatorTa basilis,<br />
konstantines da leonis proxoroni (kanonTa saxelmZRvanelo), basilikis<br />
(mefeTa wignis) Semokleba (sinopsisi) da sasamarTlo praqtika, imperatorebis<br />
dadgenilebebi (leon brZenis, konstantine porfirogenetis, romanoz I-is,<br />
romanoz III-is, nikifore fokas, basili II-is, aleqsi da manuel komnenosebis<br />
novelebidan), leon brZenis novelebis krebuli, sxva wyaroebi, aseve,<br />
mociqulTa da saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi, sinodisa da <strong>sapatriarqos</strong><br />
dadgenilebebi 287 .<br />
vaxtang VI marTlmadidebluri aRmsareblobis mxurvale mosiyvarule rom<br />
ar yofiliyo, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> miscemda ara marTlmadideblur (bizantiur)<br />
samarTals, aramed laTinurs.<br />
qarTvelma mTargmnelma armenopulos `eqvsi wignidan~ da blastaris<br />
`sintagmidan~ amoiRo samarTlebrivi debulebebi da normebi, zogjer<br />
ucvlelad, zogjer ki gaerTianebiT Seadgina e.w. `berZnuli kanonebi~, anu<br />
berZnuli samarTlis qarTuli varianti. kompilacia `berZnul-romauli<br />
samarTlis~ mTavari krebulebisa, gamoyenebul iqna bizantiis gviandel<br />
epoqaSi, rogorc sasuliero, ise saero sasamarTloebSi. gansakuTrebiT<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom mas Semdeg, rac bizantia YTurqebma daipyres da berZnuli<br />
mosaxleobis saeklesio da samoqalaqo saqmeebis iurisdiqcia mTlianad<br />
konstantinopolis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> xelSi moeqca, blastaris `sintagma da<br />
armenopulos `eqvsi wignis~ kompilacia berZen sasuliero xelisufalTa mier<br />
yoveldRiuri xmarebisaTvis gaxda saWiro~ 288 .<br />
`samarTali berZnuli~, anu berZnul-romauli (bizantiuri) samarTlis<br />
versia warmoadgens vaxtan VI-is `samarTlis wignTa~ krebulis meore nawils.<br />
igi `friadi SromiT~ moipova `saberZneTSi~ vaxtang VI-m. misi mTargmneli<br />
yofila episkoposi kvipriane samTavneli (eriskacobaSi kozma aragvis<br />
erisTavi). igi Semoqmedi mTargmneli iyo, eqvTime mTawmindelis msgavsi,<br />
rameTu misi Targmani aris Tavisufali (alag-alag ganvrcobili, zogan<br />
Semoklebuli). mTargmnels maTe blastaris `alfabeturi sintagmisa~ da<br />
armenopulos `eqvswigneulis~ garda, sxva berZnuli wyaroebiTac usargeblia.<br />
berZnuli kanonebi mas da `brZen kacebs~ gadmouqarTulebiaT TviT vaxtang VIis<br />
aqtiuri monawileobiT. igi Seicavs 418 muxls.
Tvalis erTi gadavlebiTac ki aSkaraa, rom vaxtangis `berZnuli<br />
samarTali~, ZiriTadad, saeklesio samarTlis Zeglia, cxadia, es asec unda<br />
iyos, radganac igi zemoT aRniSnul saeklesio samarTlis ganmmarteblebis<br />
Targmans warmoadgens, magram radganac saeklesio iurisdiqcia saero<br />
saqmeebzec vrceldeboda ara mxolod saqarTveloSi, aramed qristianul<br />
aRmosavleTSi, amitomac `berZnuli samarTali~, cxadia, saero samarTlis<br />
Zegladac SeiZleba CaiTvalos. am ZeglSi mravali muxlis wyarod<br />
dasaxelebulia saeklesio krebebis kanonebi, gansakuTrebiT ki VI msoflio<br />
krebisa, mociqulTa kanonebi `damtkicebulni krebaTagan~, msoflio<br />
avtoritetis mqone adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebi, magaliTad, laodikiisa,<br />
gangrisa, patriarqTa da mamaTa mier gamocemuli kanonebi (timoTe patriarqis)<br />
da sxv.<br />
magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT zogierT Tavs, romelic awesrigebs mefis<br />
urTierTobas eklesiasTan. magaliTad, 57-e muxlis Tanaxmad, meeqvse krebis<br />
kanonis Sesabamisad, eriskacTagan mxolod mefes aqvs sakurTxevelSi wminda<br />
trapezTan ziarebis neba, `rameTu RvTisagan dadginebul ars da umetesad<br />
maRlad mjdomare aris patriarqTagan~ 289 .<br />
`berZnuli samarTlis~ 128-e muxlis Tanaxmad, xelmwifes (mefes) neba aqvs,<br />
daasaqmos da brZaneba misces sasuliero pirs, ufro metic, mas SeuZlia<br />
episkoposi aiyvanos mitropolitis xarisxSi, SeuZlia didi <strong>eparqia</strong> gayos da<br />
ramdenime episkoposs gaunawilos, SeuZlia episkoposebis anda mitropolitebis<br />
erTi kaTedridan meoreze gadayvana, maTi gamocvla, aZlevs maT wirva-locvis<br />
uflebas da aqvs sxva uflebebic sasuliero pirTa mimarT. wyarod berZnuli<br />
samarTlis 128-e muxli asaxelebs qalkedonis krebis meoTxe kanons.<br />
`xelmwife sjulisa da kanonis umdablesi ara aris, rameTu masca aqvs<br />
xelmwifeba RvTisa mier-visic enebos episkopozisa aRamaRlebs, mitropolitad<br />
daayenebs da ukeTu episkopozTa bevri samwyso aqvs, gauyofs da sxvas<br />
episkopozs Seiqms, visic enebos, episkopozisa anu mitropolitisa, gamoscvlis<br />
aqvs sxvaca xelmwifeba simarTliTa mRvdelmTavarTa. saqme es ipoebis meoTxe<br />
kanonsa xalkidonisa krebisa, rameTu xelmwifeba micemul ars mefeTaTvis,<br />
rameTu ubrZanos visme samRvdeloTa kacTa, saero samsaxuri aqnevinos,<br />
romelic man ubrZanos… sjulis kanoni ar dauSlis samsaxursa, amisTvisca<br />
kanoni brZanebs~ 290 .<br />
sainteresoa muxli 330-e, romlis mixedviTac laSqrobis dros,<br />
mahmadianebis da urjuloebis winaaRmdeg omisas (aseve, Tuki vinme amoRebuli<br />
xmliT miuxdeba), mRvdels SeuZlia, daaswros da moklas mteri, igi ar<br />
daisjeba, magram wirvis neba CamoerTmeva _- `aramed Rirseba da wesi ar<br />
gamoerTmeva~ (iqve, gv. 204).<br />
347-e muxliT ikrZaleba astrologia, magram sasurveladaa miCneuli<br />
astronomiis, ariTmetikis, musikisa da geometriis swavleba 291 .<br />
vaxtang meeqvsem, agreTve, aTargmnina da Tavisi samarTlis wignTa<br />
krebulSi Seitana `somexT mefeTa wigni samarTlisani~. mas TiTqmis ori wlis<br />
manZilze Targmnidnen. somxuri samarTlis qarTuli versia Sedgeba ori<br />
nawilisagan: siriul-romauli samarTlis qarTuli versiisagan (muxli 1-150)<br />
da mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignis qarTuli versiisagan (muxli 151-431).<br />
`samarTali somxuris~ wyaroebic miuTiTebs, rom igi faqtobrivad warmoadgens<br />
saeklesio samarTals, magram misi iurisdiqcia saero saqmeebzec vrceldeba
saxelmwifos qristianuli xasiaTis gamo. `samarTali somxuris~ Semdgenlebis<br />
TqmiT, es Zegli aris krebuli, romelSic Rirseuli adgili uWiravs wminda<br />
werilsa (Zvelisa da axlis) da moses rjuls, mociqulTa kanonebs, `eklesiis<br />
mosamarTle mamaTa~, basili didis, `wminda grigol parTelis SviliSvilis<br />
isakis dadebul wess~. nikeis msoflio krebis, anu `didi krebis~ kanonebs.<br />
krebuli aSkarad saeklesio samarTlis Zeglia _ muxlebis umetesi nawili<br />
sasuliero pirebis qcevas aregulirebs.<br />
qarTul wyaroebSi iSviaTia is terminebi, romlebic `somxuri samarTlis~<br />
wignSi xSirad gvxvdeba. erTi aseTia `qadagi~ _ es sityva Cven gvxvdeba<br />
`mironis kurTxevis~ wesSi da sxvaganac. somxuri wignidan Cans, rom `qadagi~<br />
aris TiTqmis episkoposis Rirsebis mqone (magram episkoposze dabali)<br />
sasuliero piri, romelic wminda werilisa da kanonebis unaklo mcodnea,<br />
amave dros evaleba `moqmedeba uSiSari~. am kanonebis qadageba da maTi<br />
aRsrulebis meTvalyureoba: `moqadageni unda iyvnen rigiTa uwinve mcodneli<br />
ZvelTa da axalTa uklebriv, wamkiTxavi kanonis brZanebisa, uSiSrad moqmedi<br />
da kaci Rirsi, filosofosi da TeTris umoyvare~ 292 . magaliTad, 266-e<br />
muxlSi ganmartebulia, Tu ratom ar unda Caicvas kacma qalis, xolo qalma<br />
kacis tanisamosi, rom ar SeiZleba maTi aRreva: `bevri avi boriti iqmnebis am<br />
rigis saqmiT. es saqadagebelia moqadageTagan da mosamarTleTagan~ 293 , e. i.<br />
tansacmlis sworad Cacmis Sesaxebac ki moqadagem unda iqadagos. aq agreTve<br />
xSirad gvxvdeba sityva `qorepiskopozi~ _ ganmartebulia maTi uflebani. es<br />
faqti imiTaa saintereso, rom IV saukunis Semdeg, msoflio eklesiaSi<br />
instituti `qorepiskoposobisa~ aikrZala, magram e.w. `qalkedonamdelma~<br />
eklesiebma igi SeinarCunes. am Zeglidan Cans, rom `kaTalikosi~ eTanadeba<br />
nikeas I krebis me-4 kanonSi moxmobil `episkoposTa Tavs~. 287-e Tavidan Cans,<br />
rom oTxi maxareblis `mociqulTa taxtze~ isxdnen kaTalikosebi<br />
(episkoposebi) aleqsandriisa, romisa, antioqiisa, magram konstantinopols<br />
(`bizantias~) samociqulo taxtis Rirseba ar hqonda da igi efesodan `gaapares<br />
bizantias~ 294 .<br />
qarTuli samarTlis wignSi Setanili `moses samarTalic~, cxadia,<br />
saeklesio samarTlis Zeglia.<br />
samarTlis wignTa krebulis SesavalSi vaxtang VI-s samarTlianad ewodeba:<br />
`marTlmadideblobis mxne da mxedari, uflisa Zlieri moRvawe, qristes<br />
warCinebuli stratilati, ebguri, samaradiso mRviZare, sionisa<br />
rjulmtkicebiTa Seuryeveli sveti da godoli, gautexeli zRude…<br />
marTlmadideblobiT da RvTis siyvaruliT Seuorgulebeli… batoniSvili<br />
vaxtang~.<br />
vaxtang VI marTlac marTlmadideblobis WeSmariti burji iyo, amitomac,<br />
rogorc iTqva, aTargmnina bizantiur-marTlmadidebluri samarTlis wigni.<br />
jer kidev evropaSi elCobis gagzavnamde, rogorc `berZnuli samarTlis<br />
wignis~ Targmani cxadyofs, vaxtang VI marTl-madidebluri orientaciisa iyo,<br />
xolo evropidan xelmocaruli elCebis dabrunebis Semdeg, vaxtangma 1722<br />
wels sajarod aRiara Tavisi marTlmadidebloba.<br />
7. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi XX s. II naxevarSi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebam, xolo Semdgom aTeistebis<br />
saxelmwifoebrivma gabatonebam XIX da XX saukuneebSi, cxadia, didad
Seaferxa saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis qarTul enaze gadmoReba. qarTveli<br />
sasuliero pirebi am epoqaSi ZiriTadad rusul sasuliero saswavleblebSi<br />
iRebdnen ganaTlebas da sargeblobdnen kidec rusuli Sesabamisi<br />
literaturiT. mxolod XX s. 80-iani wlebis Semdeg, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikospatriarq<br />
ilia II-is dros mieca SesaZlebloba wmida eklesias odnav mainc<br />
gamoecocxlebina saqarTveloSi uZvelesi xanidan arsebuli samarTlis<br />
Zeglebis Targmanis saqme. amas xeli Seuwyo `mcire~ da `didi~<br />
sjuliskanonebis Zveli Targmanebis gamocemebma.<br />
aRniSnul wignebs eklesiaSi praqtikuli daniSnuleba aqvT, amitomac Cans,<br />
saWirod iqna miCneuli mcire sjuliskanonis erTi nawilis gadmoReba Zveli<br />
qarTuli enidan axalze mis winasityvaobaSi aRniSnulia - `Targmanis<br />
redaqtirebas xelmZRvanelobda mTavarepiskoposi konstantine meliqiZe,<br />
redaqtirebaSi aseve monawilobdnen meufe vaxtangi axvlediani da giorgi<br />
cincaZe, saboloo redaqcia ekuTvnis uwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-s~. samwuxarod, mTargmnelis vinaoba<br />
gamocemaSi ar aris aRniSnuli. rogorc aRiniSna, qarTul enaze iqna<br />
gadmocemuli aseve `didi sjuliskanoni~ da gamoqveynda 1987 wlis saeklesio<br />
kalendarSi.<br />
eklesiisaTvis mniSvnelovani SenaZenia saeklesio kanonTa yvelaze<br />
avtoritetuli komentatorebis aristines, zonarasa da balzamonis<br />
komentarebis axali qarTuli Targmanebi. 1987 wels TbilisSi daistamba es<br />
Sroma saxelwodebiT - `mociqulTa, msoflio da adgilobrivi saeklesio<br />
krebebisa da wmida mamebis kanonTa komentarebi~ 295 , aRniSnuli komentarebis<br />
mTargmnels, romlis vinaobac samwuxarod ar aris aRniSnuli, uTargmnia<br />
`sazRvargareTis rusuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis warmomadgenelTa<br />
gamocemidan: Книга правил в 30-х частях с алфавитным указателем, Издание Братства преп.<br />
Иова Почаевского в Монреале Русской православной Церкви, Канада, 1971.<br />
saeklesio samarTlis cnobil mcodnis dekanoz vladislav cipinis Sromis<br />
`saeklesio samarTlis~ erTi nawili `eklesia da saxelmwifo~ Targmna<br />
grigol ruxaZem 296 .<br />
aTeisturi imperiis, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg rusuli saeklesio<br />
samarTalmcodneTa erT nawilSi kvlav aRorZinda monarqiuli saxelmwifo<br />
sistemisaTvis mxardaWeris miswrafeba. am ukanasknelTa mier gamocemuli<br />
naSromis Targmania `saxelwmifoebrivi katexizmo, marTlmadidebluri<br />
swavleba saRvTo xelisuflebaze~, Tb. 1999 (mTargmnel-gamomcemeli dekanozi<br />
arCil mindiaSvili). am Targmanidanac naTlad Cans is winaaRmdegoba, romelic<br />
arsebobs rus samarTalmcodneTa Soris, magaliTad, ukanaskneli Targmanis<br />
mixedviT, `mefis mier miwieri eklesiis meTauroba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi<br />
ara marto simfoniuri saero arqiepiskoposia, aramed eklesiis sagareo<br />
saqmeTa erTaderTi episkoposi~ 297, es Tvalsazrisi mTlianad sawinaaRmdegoa<br />
v.cipinis mosazrebisa, rom mefis (imperatoris) es mdgomareoba `uSno<br />
tradiciaa~ - `bizantiis qristiani imperatorebi warmarTi romaeli<br />
princepsebis pirdapiri memkvidrebi iyvnen, romelTac sxva mraval titulTan<br />
erTad, aseTic hqondaT – pontifex maximus - umaRlesi mRvdelmTavari. es uSno<br />
tradicia, zogierTi qristiani imperatoris moqmedebaSi, Sesustebuli saxiT<br />
drodadro mainc vlindeboda. eklesiisaTvis yvelaze aSkara da saSiSi
cezarul-papisturi tendencia eretikos imperatorTa politikaSi,<br />
gansakuTrebiT xatmebrZoleobis epoqaSi gamomJRavnda~ 298 .<br />
Tavi III.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi<br />
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebs, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, yofen or mTavar<br />
jgufad, pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi da institutebi, romelTac Seqmnes<br />
samarTlis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens dokumentebsa da Zeglebs,<br />
romlebSic gadmocemulia aRniSnuli normebi.<br />
Zvel saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc msoflios sxva qristianul qveynebSi,<br />
eklesia ar iyo gamoyofili saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebidan, ufro metic,<br />
saqarTveloSi, rogorc garkveulia niko maris mier, saero da sasuliero<br />
Zalauflebis erToba udavo faqts warmoadgenda. amis gamo, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis rkvevisas unda gamovlindes saqarTveloSi<br />
arsebuli saeklesio-saxelmwifoebrivi warmoSobis institutebi. Cven mier<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva amgvar erovnul saxelmwifo-saeklesio<br />
institutebisa da saeklesio samarTlis normebis Semqmneli pirebis<br />
gamovlenasa da Seswavlas. aRsaniSnavia, rom erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
ryevis dros aRniSnul uflebebs iTvisebdnen dampyrobeli saxelmwifos<br />
mesveurebic.<br />
samarTlis wyaroebis meore jgufs miekuTvneba dokumentebi da Zeglebi,<br />
romelnic gamoica zemoT aRniSnulTa mier. mravali aseTi dokumenti Tan<br />
erTvis Cven mier ganxilul yvela saeklesio sakanonmdeblo krebas, agreTve<br />
zogierT mimdinare krebas.<br />
1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi I-V ss-Si<br />
adgilobrivi eklesiis samarTlis erT-erT umTavres wyaros warmoadgens<br />
sakuTari krebebis mier miRebuli dadgenilebani, im SemTxvevaSi Tu igi<br />
avtokefaluria, magram Tu mas ar aqvs avtokefalia, maSin misi samarTlis<br />
wyaroa zemdgomi, anu kiriarqaluri eklesiis dadgenilebani da miTiTebani.<br />
magaliTad, rusuli eklesia XV saukunemde valdebuli iyo, aResrulebina<br />
konstantinopolis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> krebaTa, patriarqTa da sinodis yvela<br />
dadgenileba, radganac igi iqamde warmoadgenda konstantinopolis<br />
<strong>sapatriarqos</strong> erT-erT mitropolias. misTvis saeklesio samarTlis umTavres<br />
wyaros warmoadgenda msoflio patriarqTa is sigelebi, romlebic Seexeboda<br />
rusul eklesias da konstantinopolidan ugzavnidnen rus mitropolitebs,<br />
episkoposebsa da mTavrebs 299 .<br />
msgavsadve, qarTuli eklesiisaTvis samarTlis mTavari wyaro<br />
avtokefaliis miRebamde iyo kiriarqaluri eklesia, xolo avtokefaliis<br />
miRebis Semdeg sakuTar krebaTa dadgenilebani. maSasadame, imisaTvis, raTa<br />
gavarkvioT qarTuli eklesiis samarTlis mTavari wyaro, saWiroa misi<br />
avtokefaliis sakiTxis garkveva, rodis an visgan miiRo avtokefalia.<br />
amJamindeli TvalsazrisiT, romelmac asaxva qarTul enciklopediaSic pova,<br />
Camoyalibebis dros, IV s-is dasawyisidan, qarTuli eklesia<br />
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciis qveS iyo, Semdeg antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi
moeqca, romlisganac V s-Si, petre fulonis dros, miiRo avtokefalia.<br />
maSasadame, mas IV-V saukuneebSi e.w. ori `dedaeklesia~ hyavda, jer<br />
konstantinopolisa, Semdeg ki antioqiisa. istorikosebis aseTi daskvnebi<br />
saeklesio samarTlis monacemebs ar Seesabameba.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, konstantinopoli Sendeboda 325-330 wlebSi da igi 330<br />
wels akurTxes rogorc qalaqi da dedaqalaqi imperiisa. am dros misi<br />
episkoposi, viTarca erT-erTi qalaqis mRvdelmTavari, emorCileboda Tavis<br />
mitropolits, romelic qalaq irakliaSi ijda. rusi kanonistebis mixedviT, am<br />
droisaTvis, e.i. IV s-is 30-ian wlebSi, konstantinopolis episkoposs Tavisi<br />
normaluri sididis <strong>eparqia</strong>c ki ar hqonda. mxolod Semdeg gaafarTova man<br />
gavlena jer mxolod Tavis garSemo myof olqze da TiTqmis saukune<br />
dasWirda, raTa Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia 451 wlis qalkedonis msoflio<br />
krebis dasturiT iqamde avtokefaluri diocezebi Trakiisa, asiisa da<br />
pontosi.<br />
rodis daarsda oficialuri qarTuli eklesia? Tu sxvadasxva istorikosis<br />
monacemebs SevajerebT, es moxda 317-326 wlebSi. 337 welic rom iyos es TariRi,<br />
mainc mivalT, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, dilemamde, e.i. Tu qarTuli<br />
eklesia daarsda 326 wels igi araviTar SemTxvevaSi konstantinopolis<br />
iurisdiqciaSi ar imyofeboda. Tu igi daarsda 337 wels, 330 wels daarsebuli<br />
qalaqis episkoposs mainc ar SeeZlo igi Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia,<br />
radganac rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, konstantinopolis episkoposs Tavisi<br />
normaluri sididis <strong>eparqia</strong>c ki ar hqonda im droisaTvis da kidevac rom<br />
moendomebina imperiis farglebs gareT kavkasiis mTebTan mdebare eklesiis<br />
daqvemdebareba, amas mainc ver SeZlebda, radganac maSin konstantinopolsa da<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> DSoris pontos diocezis avtokefaluri eklesia imyofeboda.<br />
saeklesio samarTlis mixedviT, IVs-is 30-ian wlebSi aseTi daqvemdebareba<br />
SeuZlebeli iyo. msgavsadve saeWvoa, antioqiis iurisdiqciac Cveni eklesiis<br />
mimarT.<br />
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis Ziebisas aucileblad unda<br />
gaviTvaliswinoT TviT qarTuli eklesiis Zveli moRvaweebis mosazrebani<br />
avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. erTi aseTi, yvelaze ufro avtoritetuli iyo wmida<br />
giorgi mTawmideli, romlis avtoritetuloba sakanonmdeblo saqmeSi<br />
sagangebo muxliT daadastura ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebamac. giorgi<br />
mTawmindelis azriT, qarTuli eklesia daarsebul iqna ara IV saukuneSi,<br />
aramed I-II saukuneebSi TviT mociqulTa mier, aqedan gamomdinare, igi msgavsad<br />
sxva mociqulTa mier daarsebuli yvela eklesiisa, daarsebisTanave<br />
avtokefaluri iyo Tanaxmad imJamindeli saeklesio samarTlisa. amis gamo,<br />
giorgi mTawmidelis azriT, antioqiis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> pretenziebi qarTuli<br />
eklesiis mimarT ukanono iyo, antioqiis eklesia arasdros yofila qarTuli<br />
eklesiis, e.w. `dedaeklesia~. Cven giorgi mTawmidelis es Tvalsazrisi<br />
mravalgzis gvaqvs qvemoT ganxiluli, amitomac aq aRar SevexebiT, magram<br />
Zvel qarTvel mecnier-moRvaweTa mosazrebebs adasturebs axali<br />
arqeologiuri monacemebic. marTlac, rogorc arqeologiuri masalebi<br />
adasturebs, saqarTveloSi IV saukunemdec cxovrobdnen qristianebi, TavianTi<br />
salocavebiT (IV saukunemdeli eklesiac ki aRmoCnda nastakisSi) sainteresoa<br />
isic, rom II-III saukuneebSi CvenSi qristianul aRmsareblobas maRal, mdidar<br />
fenebSic ki SeuRwevia, miT umetes, mravlad iqneboda qristianTa ricxvi
dabal fenaSi, romelSic saerTod gavrcelda Tavdapirvelad qristianoba 300 .<br />
IVs-mde `qristianuli ideologiis gavlenis zrda qarTlis Zveli dedaqalaqis<br />
mosaxleobaSi SesamCnevi aris. rogorc Cans, igi mosaxleobis sxvadasxva<br />
fenaSi gavrcelda. amis sailustraciod gamodgeba gvianantikuri xanis<br />
samareebSi aRmoCenili qristianuli simboloebi mcxeTa-samTavroSi, agreTve,<br />
erwos velze `quSaanT goris samarovanze~. amaze metyvelebs dakrZalvis<br />
qristianuli wesi, romelic dadasturda 301 . iq dakrZalvis socialuri<br />
kuTvnileba eWvs ar iwvevs, rogorc irkveva, qristianul ideologias qarTlis<br />
samefos maRal fenebSic gasCenia dasayrdeni oficialur saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebamde 302 .~<br />
III saukuneSi, Tuki qarTlis maRal fenebSic ki imdenad iyo fexmokidebuli<br />
qristianuli sarwmunoeba, rom maRali wris axalgazrda (20-22 wlis)<br />
qristian qalbatons didebiT krZalavdnen sagangebo umdidres akldamaSi,<br />
qristianuli yovelgvari wesebis dacviT, maSin roca romis imperiaSi<br />
qristianebi katakombebSi imalebodnen, Cans, qarTlSi qristianTa ricxvi ara<br />
marto didia, aramed maRali fenac maincdamainc ar krZalavs qristianobas.<br />
mematiane aRniSnavs kidec, rom III s-Si qarTlis mefe rev marTals saxelmwifo<br />
kultis reformac ki Cautarebia qristianuli moralis Sesabamisad. ufro<br />
metic, arsebobs II-III saukuneTa qristianTa saflavebis arqeologiuri<br />
monapovrebi TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloSi, maT Soris _ bavSvebisa. saeklesio<br />
samarTlis mxriv am pirvel qristianebs, cxadia, unda hyolodaT<br />
samRvdeloeba, mRvdlis gareSe ar moxdeboda naTloba, qristiani ki mxolod<br />
monaTluli adamiani iyo. maSasadame, qristianTa arseboba TavisTavad<br />
gulisxmobs qarTlSi samRvdeloebis arsebobas. magram iyvnen Tu ara<br />
episkoposebi?<br />
nikeamdeli epoqis saeklesio samarTlis uZveles Zegls warmoadgens<br />
`didaqe~ – `Tormeti mociqulis moZRvreba~, ganekuTvneba I-II saukuneTa mijnas.<br />
masSi aris ramdenime kanoni saeklesio-iuridiuli xasiaTisa (XI-XVI TavebSi).<br />
`didaqeSi~ ar moixsenebian presviterebi (mRvdlebi), aramed mxolod<br />
episkoposebi da diakvnebi (maT garda mosiarule mociqulebi,<br />
winaswarmetyvelebi da moZRvrebi) 303 . saqme isaa, rom, rogorc aRiniSna,<br />
uZveles periodSi, swored episkoposebi iyvnen momaqcevelebi xalxisa, anu<br />
dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT mRvdlebi. magram am episkoposebs sruli<br />
iurisdiqciuli damoukidebloba hqondaT. amis Sesaxeb TviT `didaqeSia~<br />
miTiTeba mexuTmete Tavis pirvel muxlSi. Cven imis Tqma gvsurs, rom<br />
samarTlebrivi damokidebulebis mxriv, qarTlSi myofi qristianuli<br />
TemisaTvis, anu pirvelsaukuneTa eklesiisaTvis saeklesio samarTlis wyaros<br />
warmoadgenda sakuTari episkoposi, im droisaTvis igive mRvdeli.<br />
vin adgenda pirvel qristianTa episkoposs? rogorc aRvniSneT, episkoposi<br />
avtokefaluri samarTlebrivi subieqti iyo da mas adgenda TviT konkretuli<br />
qristianuli Temis xalxi, ubralo morwmuneebi. `didaqes~ aRniSnuli muxli<br />
avaldebulebs qristianebs: `XV, 1. daadgineT TqvenTvis episkoposebi da<br />
diakvnebi, Rirsni uflisa, kacni mSvidni da uvercxloni, WeSmaritni da<br />
gamocdilni, rom winaswarmetyvelTa da moZRvarTa liturgia amsaxuron maTac<br />
Tqven Soris. 2. ar moiZagoT isini, radganac Tqven mier winaswarmetyvelTa da<br />
moZRvarTa darad arian pativdebulni~ 304 .
aqedan gamomdinare, I-II saukuneTa da amave epoqis mcxeTel qristianebs<br />
uTuod unda hyolodaT maT mierve gamorCeuli episkoposi, mociqulTa<br />
swavlis `didaqes~ Sesabamisad. es episkoposi iyo TavisTavadi, ara sxva<br />
qalaqis an ucxo qveynis episkoposis mier gamogzavnili, aramed TviT<br />
morwmuneTa mier gamorCeuli Rirsebebis gamo (kacni mSvidni, uvercxloni da<br />
a.S.).<br />
unda davaskvnaT, rom Tu CvenSi namdvilad iqadages mociqulebma da<br />
gaavrceles qristianoba, Cvens pirvel qristianebs `didaqes~ mixedviT<br />
episkoposebi Tavdapirveladve hyavdaT, es episkoposebi ki iyvnen samarTlis<br />
wyaro pirveli qristianuli eklesiebisaTvis.<br />
`mociqulTa epoqaSi presviteri xSirad ewodeboda episkoposs da piriqiT,<br />
episkoposi – presviters~ 305 .<br />
presviters uwodebdnen TavianT Tavs petre (I petre, 5,1), ioane da sxva<br />
mociqulebi, saeklesio sazogadoebis saTaveSi mdgomT miemarTebodaT agreTve<br />
sxva saxelwodebebic, magaliTad: `mwyemsebi~, `winamZRolni~;<br />
`winamZRvarni~ 305 .<br />
xucesisa da episkoposis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb werda aseve efrem<br />
mcire, Tavis komentarebSi, romelic daurTo dionise areopagelis wignebs: -<br />
`Seiswave, viTarmed maSin jereT episkoposTa mRdel uwodian da mRdelTa<br />
episkopos, rameTu arRa gankuTvnil iyvnes saxelni ese~ 307 .<br />
maSasadame, aseTi mRvdeli episkoposebi (am sityvis Tavdapirveli<br />
mniSvnelobiT) unda hyolodaT Tavdapirvel mcxeTel qristianebs (II-III ss),<br />
erwoelebs (erwoSic arqeologiuri masalis mixedviT, arsebobda qristianTa<br />
Temi), wilknelebs da sxva mraval daba-sofels, vidre WiaTuris raionis<br />
sofel rgnamde (arqeologiuri masalis mixedviT aqac aris aRmoCenili II-III<br />
ss-is qristianuli samarxebi da naSTebi) da sxvagan.<br />
mociqulTTa mier am pirveli episkoposebisaTvis mocemuli iyo<br />
`mociqulTa kanonebis~ 34-e muxli – `yvela eris episkoposebma unda icodnen<br />
maT Soris pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar unda gaakeTon<br />
mis gareSe, aramed yoveli maTgani mxolod imas unda akeTebdes, rac<br />
sasargebloa misi eklesiisaTvis da misTvis daqvemdebarebuli soflebisaTvis,<br />
magram nurc (pirveli) episkoposi gaakeTebs nurafers sxvebTan SeTanxmebis<br />
gareSe, vinaidan mxolod ase aResruleba erTneboba d idideba RmerTi uflis<br />
mier suli wmindiT~ 308 .<br />
rogorc cnobilia, es `mociqulTa kanonebi~ wmida eklesiaSi gamoCnda IV<br />
saukuneSi (anda III s-is bolos), anu daaxloebiT im dros, roca qarTlis<br />
samefo ojaxma oficialurad miiRo qristianuli sarwmunoeba da moiqca<br />
mTeli qarTveli eri, es kanonebi avaldebulebda iqamde qveyanSi arsebul<br />
patar-patara qristianul TemTa mraval episkoposs, imave mRvdlebs<br />
CamoeyalibebinaT saeklesio centralizebuli eklesia, mtkiced SeekraT igi<br />
TavianT Soris `pirveli~, anu Tavi episkoposis gamorCeviT. unda vifiqroT,<br />
rom wmida ninos dros antioqiidan Camosuli berZeni episkopati albaT am<br />
sakiTxSi, anu centralizebuli saeklesio organizaciis SeqmnaSi Tu daexmara<br />
adgilobriv axalmoqceul xalxsa da saxelmwifos. yovel SemTxvevaSi,<br />
msoflio saeklesio kanonebis mcodneTa Tanaxmad, im droisaTvis, yvela eris<br />
eklesia (IV s-is dasawyisSi) – avtokefaluri iyo 309 , rogorc 34-e kanonic<br />
moiTxovs. anu gaqristianebuli xalxis SigniT myofma episkoposebma erTmaneTs
Soris unda gamoirCion pirveli episkoposi da daemorCilon mas. pirveli<br />
episkoposi anu mTavarepiskoposi (imJamindeli gagebiT) ar iniSneba<br />
ucxoeTidan, mas adgilze irCeven da, Sesabamisad, adgilobrivi eklesiis<br />
samarTlis wyaroa sakuTari eklesiis episkopatisa da `pirvelis~<br />
dadgenilebani. aseve unda yofiliyo qarTlis eklesiaSic IV s-is dasawyisSi.<br />
TiTqosda aseve unda esmodes es sakiTxi ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswerasac,<br />
romelic IV s-Si am axal organizebul Tu centralizebul qarTuli<br />
eklesiis pirvel meTaurs ukve kaTalikoss anu `sayovelTao episkoposs~<br />
uwodebs.<br />
ara marto ruis-urbnisis sakanonmdeblo kreba, aramed sxva mkvlevarebic<br />
(efrem mcire) IV s-is qarTuli eklesiis pirvel meTaurs – kaTalikoss<br />
uwodeben. ruis-urbnisis wmida kreba brZanebs: wmida ninom `miizida yoveli<br />
savseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTesavisa sakvirvelT moqmedebiTa niSeb<br />
SemosilTa saswaulTaiTa, raJams igi qarTvelTa mefeman mirian mefeTa Soris<br />
didisa konstantinessa mivlinebiTa da misgan gamoTxoiTa mefobisa Tvisisa<br />
qalaqad mcxeTad STamoiyvana evstaTi didi saydris mpyrobeli antioqielTa<br />
eklesiisa da wmidaTa mier xelTa misTa naTel iRo man da yovelman erman<br />
qarTlisaman, da TviT patriaqTa Soris saxelganTqmulman evstaTi xeliTa<br />
TvisiTa STadva safuZveli maSin sadme mcxeTas aRSenebulisa eklesiisai,<br />
romelica friadisa Tana gulmodginebisa ganasrules ra maT, ganwmida igi da<br />
xeldasmulyo mas Sina episkoposi-kaTolikosi~ 310 .<br />
saerTod, `kaTalikosi~ – mravali an ramdenime episkoposis sayovelTao,<br />
pirvel aRmatebul an gamorCeul episkoposs erqva, sityva `kaTalikosi~<br />
TavisTavad gulismobs ramdenime episkoposis arsebobas am kaTalikosis, anu<br />
`sayovelTaos~ xelqveviT.<br />
ruis-urbnisis kreba axsenebs kidec sityvas `yovlisa~. wmida ninom, misi<br />
ganmartebiT, moaqcia ara mxolod aRmosavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> qarTveloba,<br />
aramed srulad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>, maT Soris dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> qarTvelobac<br />
`miizida yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~, iseve, rogorc ufro<br />
adre, amave krebis gansazRvrebaT, andria pirvelwodebulma gaanaTla ara<br />
mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelo aramed `yoveli saqarTvelo~, maT Soris<br />
aRmosavleTic – andria `Cvenamdec moiwia da qadaga sacxovrebeli qadageba<br />
saxarebisa yovelsa qveyana <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a~ 311 .<br />
amitom, rodesac `Zegliswera~ ambobs, rom evstaTi antioqielma patriarqma<br />
mefe mirianis dros `xeldasxmulyo episkoposi-kaTalikosi~, ruis-urbnisis<br />
kreba am kaTalikosis xelqveiT gulisxmobs sxva episkoposebis arsebobas,<br />
romelTa Sorisac mociqulTa 34-e kanonis Tanaxmad, erTi `pirveli~, anu<br />
sayovelTao unda iyos, romlis kanonizeba anu kurTxeva unebebia antioqiel<br />
patriarqs, mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, igi Camoyvanili iyo Tu mkvidri,<br />
eTnikuri qarTveli Tu ucxoeli. am `kaTalikosis~ xeldasxmuloba, ukve<br />
TavisTavad gulisxmobda sxva episkoposebis mier mis aRiarebas, viTarca maT<br />
Soris pirvelisa, da sayovelTaobas. sxva sakiTxia is, namdvilad SeiZleboda<br />
Tu ara, rom rqmeoda termini `kaTalikosi~ eklesiis meTaurs IVs-Si.<br />
yovel SemTxvevaSi, imJamindeli msoflio saeklesio samarTali moiTxovda<br />
erTi qveynis SigniT myof episkoposebs gamoerCiaT maT Soris `pirveli~.<br />
albaT am `pirvels~ gulisxmobda ruis-urbnisis kreba IVs-Si xeldasxmuli<br />
`kaTalikosis~ qveS.
karTagenis (419) krebis me-17 muxlis Tanaxmad, `TiToeul samTavros, Tu is<br />
Sorsaa, unda hyavdes Tavisi mTavarepiskoposi~ - e.i. avtokefaluri ierarqi.<br />
saeklesio samarTlis wyaro IV-V saukuneebSi, mas Semdeg, rac ukve<br />
namdvilad iqna organizebuli erTiani qarTuli eklesia samefo saxlisa da<br />
saxelmwifos mzrunvelobiT, ganxiluli gvaqvs, agreTve, aqve paragrafebSi<br />
`kaTalikosi~ da `patriarqi~.<br />
Cveni naSromis arsidan gamomdinare, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas mivapyrobT<br />
pirvel saukuneebSi qristianTa mier krebaTa mowvevis wesebs, `didaqe~ anu<br />
`Tormeti mociqulis moZRvreba~ avaldebulebda II-III saukuneTa qristianebs<br />
`xSirad erTad Sekrebas~ (`didaqe~, XVI, 2). gansakuTrebiT ki kvira dRes<br />
`...uflis kviradRes SeikribeT, gantexeT puri da aRavlineT samadlobeli,<br />
aRiareT Secodebani, rom wmida iyos msxverpli Tqveni~ (`didaqe~, XVI, 1).<br />
swored am Sekrebebis dros unda `daedgina TavisTvis~ qristianul Tems<br />
Tavisi axali episkoposi: `daadgineT TqvenTvis episkoposebi da diakvnebi,<br />
Rirsni uflisa, kacni mSvidni da uvercxloni, WeSmaritni da gamocdilni, rom<br />
winaswarmetyvelTa da moZRvarTa liturgia amsaxuron maTac Tqvens Soris~<br />
(`didaqe~, XV, 1).<br />
sxva saeklesio-sakanonmdeblo Zegli, `wmida mociqulTa kanonebi~ (amJamad<br />
moqmedi saeklesio samarTalia) Tavis 37-e kanonSi acxadebs: `episkoposTa<br />
kreba unda Sedges weliwadSi orjer~, pirvelad suliwmidis dResaswaulis<br />
dReebSi (meoTxe kviras), meored ki 12 seqtembers 312 . Cans, es kanoni moqmedebda<br />
III saukunesa da IV saukunis dasawyisSi, radganac 325 wels Semdgari pirveli<br />
msoflio nikeis krebis kanonebis mixedviTac aseTive wesia dadgenili<br />
weliwadSi orjer krebis mowvevisa, kerZod, me-5 kanonis Tanaxmad, `TiToeul<br />
samTavroSi weliwadSi orjer Catardes episkoposTa kreba~ 313 .<br />
es kanonebi, cxadia, Seexeboda saqarTveloSi arsebul qristianul<br />
Temebsac, rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTveloSi mociqulTa droidan qristianuli<br />
Temebis arsebobis Sesaxeb migviTiTebs, rogorc werilobiTi wyaroebi, ise<br />
arqeologiuri aRmoCenebi 314 .<br />
nikeis zemoT aRniSnuli I msoflio krebis me-4 kanoni romis imperiis<br />
SigniT arsebuli provinciis (anu ZvelqarTulad - `samTavros~)<br />
avtokefaluroba - TavisTavadobas warmoaCens. am kanonis ZaliT `episkoposi<br />
unda daadginos samTavros yvela episkoposma... am qmedebas sabolood<br />
amtkicebs samTavros mitropoliti~ 315 .<br />
samTavroSi, anu provinciaSi (saxelmwifo administraciul erTeulSi) Tu<br />
arsebobda ori an meti episkoposi, maT Soris upiratesoba unda miniWeboda<br />
samTavros dedaqalaqSi mjdoms (aqedanaa `mitropolitis~ wodeba), romelic<br />
damoukidebeli, avtokefaluri mmarTvelia. karTagenis saeklesio krebis<br />
kanonebis IV, 12 muxlis Tanaxmad samTavros episkoposs gangeb ar unda gaeyo<br />
Tavisi samTavro or saepiskoposo nawilad (saero xelisufalTa daxmarebiT),<br />
raTa TviTon mieRo mitropolitis pativi, e.i. mis xelqveiT xelovnurad ar<br />
unda aRmoCeniliyo ramdenime episkoposi 316 , e.i. samitropolito erTeulebis<br />
gazrda SeizRuda. romis imperiis provinciaTa eklesiebi erTmaneTis mimarT<br />
avtokefalurni iyvnen da rogorc qvemoT aRvniSnavT, maTi ricxvi asobiT iyo<br />
(am sakiTxs eZRvneba sagangebo statia `qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivi<br />
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb IV s-Si~ 317 ).
meoTxe saukunis dasawyisidanve, rogorc cnobilia, TandaTanobiT daiwyo<br />
Semcireba avtokefaluri eklesiebis ricxvma, magram eklesiaTa (provinciaTa<br />
eklesiebis e.w. `samTavroebis~) avtokefalias umtkicesad icavda msoflio<br />
krebebi, es gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa III msoflio krebis me-8 kanonSi da ufro<br />
adre ki II msoflio krebis me-2 kanonSi. Tumca TviT I msoflio krebis me-6<br />
kanonma daadastura faqti imisa, rom imperiis udidesi (saimperio)<br />
dedaqalaqebis garSemo myofi eklesiebi ukve damorCilebulni iyvnen<br />
dedaqalaqeli episkoposis xelisuflebas (aseT dedaqalaqebad aRiarebul<br />
iqnen romi, aleqsandria da antioqia). imave faqts aRiarebda laodikiis krebis<br />
57-e kanoni `mcire qalaqebis episkoposebi damokidebulni unda iyvnen didi<br />
dedaqalaqebis episkoposebze~ 318 .<br />
II msoflio krebis me-2 kanonma pirdapir aukrZala aleqsandriisa da<br />
antioqiis episkoposebs kidev ufro metad gaefarToebinaT TavianTi<br />
xelisufleba mcire saepiskoposo erTeulebis avtokefaliis gauqmebis xarjze,<br />
kerZod, swored antioqiis Zlieri eklesiis gavlenis gafarToebis<br />
Sesaneleblad krebam xazgasmiT cno pontos, asiisa da Trakiis uamravi<br />
episkoposis TviTmmarTveloba _ avtokefalia. kerZod, kanonSi aRniSnulia:<br />
`eklesiaTa keTilad gangebisa da mSvidobisaTvis arc erT episkoposs ara aqvs<br />
ufleba gascdes Tavisi eklesiis sazRvrebs da SeiWras sxva eklesiis<br />
sazRvrebSi, raTa ar moaxdinos eklesiebis aRreva. kanonTa Tanaxmad,<br />
aleqsandriis episkoposi unda ganagebdes mxolod egviptis eklesiebs,<br />
aRmosavleTis episkoposebi unda ganagebdnen mxolod aRmosavleTis eklesiebs.<br />
daculi unda iyos nikeis kanonebiT dawesebuli pativi antioqiis eklesiisa.<br />
asiis soflebis episkoposebi unda ganagebdnen mxolod asiis eklesiebs,<br />
pontoeli episkoposebi unda marTavdnen mxolod pontos eklesiebs, xolo<br />
Trakiis episkoposebi mxolod Trakiis eklesiebs. episkoposi ar unda gavides<br />
Tavis samrevlo eklesiis farglebidan xeldasxmisaTvis, an sxva raime<br />
saeklesio gangebisaTvis mowodebis an miwvevis gareSe, TiToeul samTavros<br />
(<strong>eparqia</strong>s) ganagebs amave samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis<br />
Tanaxmad, xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda<br />
ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~ 319 .<br />
II msoflio krebis kanoni (me-2) adasturebs, rom romis imperiaSi yvela<br />
samTavros (provinciis) eklesia (<strong>eparqia</strong>) iyo avtokefaluri, garda ramdenime<br />
dedaqalaqis garSemo myofi eklesiisa. swored ase esmis es sakiTxi udides<br />
kanonists T. balsamons, igi werda me-2 msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis<br />
ganmartebisas: `miaqcie yuradReba, rom am kanonis Tanaxmad provinciebis<br />
eklesiebis yvela mitropoliti avtokefaluri iyo da xeldasxmuli iyo Tavis<br />
krebis mier~ 320 .<br />
balsamoni amasTan dakavSirebiT werda: `D lhtdyjcnb dct vbnhjgjkbns<br />
tgfh[bb ,skb ytpfdbcbvs (fdnjrtafkmws) b herjgjkfuftvs ,skb cdjqvb<br />
cj,cndtyysvb cj,jhfvb~ 321 .<br />
balsamonis azriT, im droisaTvis (igulisxmeba IV saukunis 80-iani<br />
wlebamde) romis imperiaSi 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda,<br />
radganac yvela provinciis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo 320 .<br />
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb Teodore balsamoni swored me-2<br />
msoflio krebis meore kanonis ganmartebisas wers (swored es kanoni miaCnda
mas eklesiaTa avtokefalurobis uflebis erT-erT uZveles safuZvlad): `nu<br />
gaikvirveb, Tu sxva eklesiebsac ipovi avtokefalurad, rogorc bulgareTis<br />
eklesias, kviprosisa da iberiisas. bulgareTis arqiepiskoposi - pativSi<br />
aiyvana iustinianem mefem... kviprosis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana mesame<br />
msoflio krebam, xolo iberiis episkoposi pativSi aiyvana antoiqiis krebis<br />
dadgenilebam. amboben, rom maSin rodesac RvTaebrivi qalaqis didi antioqiis<br />
uwmides patriarqad iyo ufali petre, gamotanil iqna krebis dadgenileba,<br />
rom iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesia iberiisa, romelic<br />
eqvemdebareboda antioqiis patriarqs~ 322.<br />
amave cnobas TiTqmis ucvlelad imeorebs XIV s-is didi kanonisti maTe<br />
blastari: - `Semdegi eklesiebi ar eqvemdebarebian arc erT patriarqs:<br />
bulgareTis eklesia, romelsac pativi mianiWa iustiniane mefem, rogorc es<br />
cnobilia xsenebuli novelebidan, kviprosis eklesia, amas pativi mianiWa mesame<br />
krebam da meeqvsem, iberielTa eklesia, romelsac pativi mieniWa antioqiis<br />
krebis dadgenilebiT (winaT is antioqias eqvemdebareboda), maTi<br />
mRvdelmTavrebi, Cveulebriv, xelT isxmebodnen sakuTari episkoposebisagan~ 323 .<br />
1185-1191 wlebSi antioqiis patriarqad arCeuli, ufro adre ki<br />
konstantinopolis patriarqis mTavari iuridiuli mrCeveli, Teodore<br />
balsamoni, rogorc fiqroben, antioqiis patriarq petres qveS, romelmac<br />
TiTqosda antioqiis krebis dadgenilebiT iberiis eklesias avtokefalia<br />
mianiWa, gulisxmobda petre III-s (1053-1057), Tumca sxvebi am petres aigiveben<br />
antioqiis patriarq petre mkawvrelTan, rac saeWvoa (es petre mkawvreli, igive<br />
fuloni, monofizitobis erT-erTi eresiarqi, gansakuTrebiT sZuldaT Zvel<br />
saqarTveloSi da miiCnevdnen, rom igi qarTlis mTavarepiskoposma miqaelma,<br />
sxva qarTvel episkoposebTan erTad Caqola somxeT-<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sazRvarTan).<br />
ramdenad sworad gadmoscems balsamoni qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis<br />
miniWebis ambebs, ueWvelia Tu ara misi cnobebi? am mxriv SeiZleba gamogvadges<br />
balsamonis amave cnobaSi moTxrobili magaliTi kviprosis eklesiisa.<br />
balsamonis mtkicebiT, kviprosis eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa III msoflio<br />
krebam. magram, rogorc sayovelTaodaa cnobili, kviprosis eklesias III<br />
msoflio krebam avtokefalia ki ar mianiWa, aramed piriqiT, misi ZvelTaganve<br />
arsebuli avtokefalia daicva! cxadia, es momenti cnobilia balsamonisTvis<br />
da amitomac mohyavs mas kviprosis avtokefaliis magaliTi II msoflio krebis<br />
II kanonis ganxilvisas, romlis mixedviTac romis imperiis provinciebis<br />
eklesiebi avtokefalurebi iyvnen.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, 381 wels kviproselma episkoposebma efesos III msoflio<br />
krebas warudgines sityvieri da werilobiTi saCivari imis Sesaxeb, rom<br />
antioqiis episkoposi moqmedebda saeklesio wesTa da wmida mamebis kanonis<br />
sawinaaRmdegod, rodesac bedavda kviprosze xeldasxmas. `krebis ganCinebis<br />
Tanaxmad kviprosel episkoposebs saeklesio kanonebisamebr TviT unda hqondeT<br />
Tavisive episkoposebis xeldasxmis ufleba. es wesi Seucvlelad unda iyos<br />
daculi sxva gansagebelTa (olqTa) da <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta mimarTac. nurc erTi<br />
episkoposi nu miitacebs sxva <strong>eparqia</strong>s, romelic Tavidanve da ZvelTaganve ar<br />
emorCileboda mas da ar iyo mis winamorbed saydris mpyrobelTa gamgeblobis<br />
qveS. xolo Tu vinme miitacebs da daimorCilebs sxvis <strong>eparqia</strong>s iZulebiT, igi<br />
unda ganTavisufldes, raTa ar dairRves mamaTa kanoni da mRvdelmTavrobaSi<br />
Tavi ar unda iCinos saero mTavrobismoyvareobis ampartavnebam da
medidurobam. wmida msoflio krebam daadgina agreTve, rom TiToeulma<br />
<strong>eparqia</strong>m wmidad daicvas Zveli Cveuleba da wesi. TiToeulma mitropolitma<br />
unda waiRos am kanonis asli Tavis simtkicisaTvis. Tu vinme am dadgenilebis<br />
sawinaaRmego wess SemoiRebs, msoflio kreba mas daumtkiceblad CaTvlis da<br />
mas ar eqneba Zala~ 324 .<br />
msoflio krebis am kanonidan naTlad Cans, rom IV s-is miwurulsac ki<br />
wmida sayovelTao eklesia moiTxovda mtkiced yofiliyo daculi<br />
samitropolitoTa (gansagebelTa, samTavroTa, <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta) avtokefalia, kerZod,<br />
kreba moiTxovda Seuryeveli yofiliyo am avtokefaliaTa safuZveli. esaa<br />
`Zvel CveulebaTa wesis~ ucvleloba, `mamaTa kanonebis~ urRveoba. ra iyo<br />
`Zveli Cveuleba da wesi~, ras iTxovda `mamaTa kanoni~? - es iyo provinciaTa<br />
eklesiebis avtokefalurobis dacva, rom `TiToeul provincias (samTavros)<br />
ganagebdes amave samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis Tanaxmad.<br />
xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi ganagon mamaTa mier<br />
dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~ (II msoflio krebis me-2 kanoni).<br />
balsamonma, rogorc aRvniSneT, kargad icis, rom kviprosis eklesia,<br />
romelic TviT mociqulTa dros daarsda, Tavidanve avtokefaluri iyo. magram,<br />
radganac misi avtokefalia daicva III msoflio krebam, amitomac moixseniebs am<br />
krebas: `kviprosis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana III krebam~, e.i. ukve<br />
avtokefaluri kviprosis eklesiis saarqiepiskoposo pativi aRiara, daicva da<br />
daamtkica III krebam.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, msgavsadve, balsamonis mier naTqvami, rom `iberiis<br />
arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam~ ar unda<br />
gavigoT ise, TiTqosda antioqiis krebam petres patriarqobis dros V Tu XI<br />
saukuneSi avtokefalia mianiWa qarTul eklesias, aramed, iseve rogorc<br />
kviprosis eklesia iyo damoukidebeli, xolo III msoflio krebam daicva es<br />
avtokefalia, aseve qarTuli eklesia aRniSnul petremdec iyo avtokefaluri<br />
da petres dros antioqiis krebam cno anda daicva ukve arsebuli<br />
avtokefalia. marTlac ase Cans `giorgi mTawmidelis cxovrebidanac~:<br />
antioqiis patriarqs petre III-s moaxsenes bizantielebma qarTuli eklesiis<br />
sruli avtokefaliis Sesaxeb: `meufeo, eklesiani da mRvdelT-mTavarni<br />
qarTlisani ara romlisa patriarqisa xelmwifebasa qveSe arian da yovelni<br />
saeklesioni wesni maT mier ganegebian da TviT daisumen kaTalikosTa da<br />
episkoposTa, da ara samarTal ars ese, rameTu aTormetTa mociqulTagan<br />
aravin misrul ars qveyanasa maTsa da jer ars, raTa qalaqsa amas RvTisasa<br />
(e.i. antioqias) da saydarTa mociqulTa Tavisasa daemorCilnen da amissa<br />
xelmwifebasa qveSe iyvnen. rameTu naTesavni ars umecari da samwysoi mcire da<br />
Cuenda maxlobel arian da jer ars, raTa xelmwifebasa queSe antioqieli<br />
patreaqisasa imwyemsebodin da ikurTxebodes kaTalikozi maTi da viyvneT Cven<br />
erT samwyso da erT mwyems~ 325 .<br />
aqedan Cans, rom balsamonis mier naxseneb `antioqiis krebis<br />
dadgenilebamde~, romelmac TiTqosda XI s-Si qarTul eklesias avtokefalia<br />
mianiWa, qarTuli eklesia didi xnis avtokefaluri iyo, kerZod:<br />
1. misi episkoposebi ar emorCilebodnen ucxoeTis arc erT patriarqs<br />
(rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans).<br />
2. yoveli adgilobrivi saeklesio wesi saqarTveloSive `ganegeba~.<br />
3. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi `TviT daisumen kaTalikosTa da episkoposTa~.
e.i. qarTul eklesias aqvs sruli damoukidebloba, magram antioqielTa<br />
TvalsazrisiT, saeklesio samarTali am faqtis arsebobiT darRveulia _ `ara<br />
samarTal ars ese~ ratom? imitom, rom `aTormetTa mociqulTagan aravin<br />
misrul ars qveyanasa maTsa~. maSasadame, qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia<br />
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleboda samarTlebrivad, mociquls rom<br />
daearsebina es eklesia (esaa antioqielTa da, saerTod, VI-XI ss-ebis<br />
saeklesio Tvalsazrisi).<br />
aqedan Cans, Tu ra cvlilebebi ganicada saeklesio praqtikam<br />
avtokefaliis Teoriis Sesaxeb IV saukunidan XI saukunemde, kerZod, Tuki IV<br />
saukuneSi TviT umciresi provinciebis avtokefalia yovelgvari wina pirobis<br />
gareSe samarTlebriv movlenad iTvleboda da amitomac mas mkacrad icavda<br />
pirveli msoflio krebebi, XI saukunisaTvis avtokefalurobis safuZvlad ukve<br />
miiCneva Tormet mociqulTagan romelimes mier mocemuli eklesiis dafuZneba.<br />
amitomac, antioqiis krebisa da patriarqis winaSe misul wmida giorgi<br />
mTawmidels unda gaebaTilebina misi eklesiis winaSe wamoyenebuli braldeba<br />
_ `mociqulTagan aravin misrul ars qveyanasa maTsa~ 326 . Tuki giorgi<br />
mTawmideli daamtkicebda, rom mociqulebma daafuZnes <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia,<br />
es iqneboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis samarTlebrivi safuZveli.<br />
marTlac giorgi mTawmidelma moiTxova wigni `mimosvlai andria mociqulisa~,<br />
romelSic aRwerili iyo mociqulTa saqarTveloSi qadageba, maSasadame, es iyo<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliis samarTlebrivi safuZveli XI s-Si, amiT<br />
gamZlavrebulma giorgi mTawmidelma pasuxad moaxsena krebas da patriarqs<br />
`wmidao meufeo, Sen ityvi viTarmed Tavisa mis mociqulTaisa petres saydarsa<br />
vzio, xolo Cven pirvelwodebulisa da Zmisa Tvisisa mwodebelisa nawilni<br />
varT da samwysoni da mis mier moqceulni da ganaTlebulni. da erTi wmidaTa<br />
aTormetTa mociqulTagani, simons vityvi kananelsa, qveyanasa Cvensa damarxul<br />
ars afxazeTs, romelsa nikofsi ewodebis. amaT wmidaTa mociqulTa<br />
ganaTlebulni varT da vinaiTgan erTi RmerTi gvicnobies arRara uargviyofies<br />
da arca odes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil ars naTesavi Cveni. da<br />
yovelTa uaris myofelTa da mwvalebelTa SevaCvenebT da vswyvetT. amas<br />
safuZvelsa zeda marTlmadideblobisasa da mcnebaTa da qadagebaTa zeda<br />
wmidaTa maT mociqulTasa mtkice varT~ 327 .<br />
imJamindeli saeklesio samarTlis mixedviT, Tuki mociqulis mier iyo<br />
dafuZnebuli romelime eklesia, mis meTaurebs ufleba hqondaT ar<br />
damorCilebodnen ucxo sapatriarqoebs, da TviTve ganegoT yovelive<br />
saeklesio wesi, daesvaT TavianTi eklesiis meTaurebi da ekurTxebinaT<br />
episkoposebi sxva sapatriarqoTa Caurevlad. rogorc aRiniSna, amitomac<br />
uTxra kidec petre III-m giorgi mTawmidels - `jer ars romel eklesiani da<br />
mRvdelT-mTavarni Tqvenni xelsa qveSe samociquloisa amis saydrisa<br />
imwyemsebodin... viTarmed Tvinier samociquloisa kanonisa TviT imwysian da<br />
mociqulTagani aravin mosrul ars qveyanasa maTsa~ 328 .<br />
rogorc vxedavT, antioqiis sapatriarqoSi aravis uxsenebia, rom<br />
avtokefaliis safuZveli SeiZleboda yofiliyo romelime zemdgomi, e.w. `deda<br />
eklesiis~ mier Tavisi nawilisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWeba. aseTi gageba<br />
avtokefaliisa imJamad arc ki arsebobda (Cvens droSi, XX s-Si ki, rogorc<br />
cnobilia, swored zemoaRniSnuli wesi miiCneva umTavres safuZvlad<br />
eklesiaTa avtokefalurobisa, magaliTad, ruseTis eklesias avtokefalia deda
eklesiam - konstantinopolma mianiWa da aseve sxva e.w. axal<br />
marTlmadideblur eklesiebs (serbeTis, rumineTis, bulgareTis, poloneTis,<br />
CexeTisa da sxv.).<br />
CvenTvis gansakuTrebiTaa mniSvnelovani is, rom amJamadac ki e.i. XX s.<br />
bolosa da XXI s. dasawyisSi kviprosis eklesia Tavis Tavs avtokefalurad<br />
miiCnevs ara III msoflio krebis droidan, aramed mociqulTa droidan.<br />
saeklesio samarTlis mkvlevari k. skurati wers: “Опираясь на свое апостольское<br />
происхождение Кипрская Церковь с древних пор признавала себя автокефальной” 329 . am<br />
mizeziT mociqulebrivi warmoSobis sxva eklesiebic TavianT Tavs amJamadac<br />
uZvelesi droidanve avtokefalurad miiCneven.<br />
Zvelad avtokefaliis miniWeba SeeZlo imperatorsac, rogorc magaliTad,<br />
balsamonis da blastaris cnobiT, iustinianem mianiWa bulgareTs, anda<br />
msoflio krebis gadawyvetilebas, rogorc III msoflio krebam mianiWa<br />
avtokefalia kvipross. magram, rogorc ganxiluli gvqonda, avtokefalia<br />
kvipross III msoflio krebamde hqonda, am krebam mxolod daicva misi<br />
avtokefalia. aseve unda vifiqroT, rom balsamonis mier naxsenebma antioqiis<br />
patriarqma petrem qarTul eklesias avtokefalia ki ar mianiWa, aramed<br />
darwmunda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis samarTlebriv uflebebSi,<br />
radganac giorgi mTawmidelis mtkicebani irwmuna da mociqulTa mier<br />
daarsebulad, anu `samociqulo eklesiad~ aRiara qarTuli eklesia. antioqiis<br />
patriarq petre fulons (mkawvrels) V s-Si rom mieniWebina avtokefalia<br />
qarTuli eklesiisaTvis, antioqiisave patriarq petre III-s da mis mrCevlebs<br />
ecodinebodaT amis Sesaxeb, amitomac giorgi mTawmidels ganucxadebda ara<br />
imas, rom mociqulTagans aravis uqadagia Tqvens qveyanaSio, aramed etyoda _<br />
petre fulonamde <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia nawili iyo antioqiis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>i,<br />
Zveleburi wesi ki unda aRvadginoT da iseve unda dagvemorCiloT, rogorc<br />
winaT gvemorCilebodiTo. petre mesame da misi momdevno patriarqi Teodosi<br />
arafers msgavss ar acxadebdnen. Tavis mxriv, arc giorgi mTawmidelma<br />
gaixsena, rom evstaTi antioqielma akurTxa pirveli episkoposi da amiT<br />
TiTqosda antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi IV s-danve moeqca qarTuli eklesia, arc is<br />
gauxsenebia, rom TiTqosda V s-Si petre fulonma mianiWa avtokefalia<br />
qarTul eklesias. mravali misioneri moRvaweobda III-IV saukuneebSi da<br />
afuZnebdnen axal da axal eklesiebs warmarTTa Soris, magram es iuridiul<br />
daqvemdebarebas ar iwvevda, radganac II-IV saukuneebSi yvela provinciis, anu<br />
samTavros eklesia avtokefaluri iyo, vis mierac ar unda yofiliyo igi<br />
dafuZnebuli. es icoda giorgi mTawmidelma da arc CaTvala saWirod xseneba<br />
am movlenebisa. misi Tvalsazrisi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis safuZveli<br />
sul sxva iyo – kerZod, qarTuli eklesia dafuZnebulia mociqulTa mier,<br />
maSasadame, igi avtokefaluria mociqulTa droidanve. misi avtokefaliis es<br />
ufleba SeubRalavia, imdenad, rom TviTonve SeuZlia antioqiis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong><br />
msgavsad, sxva eklesias ganucxados pretenziebi. Tuki andria mociqulma<br />
miiyvana Tavisi Zma petre ieso qristesTan, e.w. Tavis Zmas mouwoda amisken,<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, `Svenis esreT, raTa wodebuli igi mwodebelsa mas<br />
daemorCilos, rameTu petresi (e.i. antioqiis saydris damfuZnebeli mociquli)<br />
jer ars raTa daemorCilos mwodebels Tavisa da Zmasa andrias (qarTuli<br />
eklesiis damfuZnebels) da raiTa Tqven Cven dagvemorCilneT330 .
aqedan Cans, rom: 1. giorgi mTawmidels <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a da antioqiis<br />
eklesiebi Tanabari uflebebis mqone TavisTavad eklesiebad miaCnia; 2. igi ar<br />
cnobs antioqiis saydrisadmi qarTuli eklesiis daqvemdebarebas arc erT<br />
droSi, arc wina saukuneebSi da ar mis dros. rogorc aRiniSna, giorgi<br />
mTawmidelis TvalsazrisiT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia avtokefaluri iyo<br />
mociqulTa droidanve, e.i. I-II saukuneebidan (ixile amis Sesaxeb sagangebo<br />
gamokvleva: `Teoriebi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb~ 331 ).<br />
giorgi mTawmidelis TvalsazrisiT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia avtokefaluri,<br />
marTlmadidebluri da TavisTavadi iyo momdevno saukuneebSic, magaliTad,<br />
VIII s-Si. _ igi ambobs `iyo Jami, romel yovelsa saberZneTsa Sina<br />
marTlmadideblobai ara ipoeboda da iovane guTel episkoposi mcxeTas<br />
ikurTxa episkoposad, viTarca sweria didsa svinaqsarsa~ 1 .<br />
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, IV s-Si antioqiel patriarqs evstaTis marTlac<br />
rom ekurTxebina qarTveli episkoposi, es ar gamoiwvevda qarTlis eklesiis<br />
daqvemdebarebas antioqiisadmi, iseve, rogorc ioane guTelis mcxeTaSi<br />
kurTxevis Semdeg guTeTis eklesia ar Sevida qarTlis eklesiis<br />
iurisdiqciaSi. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom Tuki IV saukuneSi imperiis<br />
provinciaTa umravlesoba avtokefaluri iyo, VI saukunis Semdeg maTi ricxvi<br />
mkveTrad Semcirda didi eklesiebis sasargeblod, ase rom, VIII s-Si SeeZlo<br />
kidec zemoaRniSnuli kurTxevis gamo qarTul eklesias pretenziebi<br />
ganecxadebina guTeTis eklesiis mimarT.<br />
Cven unda davubrundeT balsamonis zemoaRniSnul cnobas qarTuli<br />
eklesiis Sesaxeb, romelic erTvis me-2 msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis<br />
komentars, balsamons, eklesiaTa avtokefaliis safuZvlad swored es kanoni<br />
miaCnda da miiCnevda, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliac am kanonTan aris<br />
SesabamisobaSi. es kanoni (II msoflio krebis me-2 kanoni) sagangebod Seexo<br />
romis imperiis sazRvrebs gareT `warmarTTa Soris arsebul ucxo tomTa<br />
eklesiebs~ da scno maTi sruli TavisTavadoba _ avtokefalia. qarTuli<br />
eklesia berZnebisa da romaelebisaTvis _ `warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo<br />
tomis eklesia~ iyo. aRniSnuli kanoni moiTxovda ara mis daqvemdebarebas<br />
imperiis romelime eklesiisadmi, aramed aZlevda TviTmwysobis Semdeg kanons:<br />
`xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda ganagon mamaTa<br />
mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~ (II ms. kreba, II kanoni) 332 .<br />
maSasadame, am kanonis ZaliT, II msoflio krebis xanaSi IV s-is 80-iani<br />
wlebisaTvis <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia imarTeboda, iseve, rogorc imperiis<br />
avtokefalur provinciaTa eklesiebi, kerZod, `TiToeul samTavros (<strong>eparqia</strong>s)<br />
ganagebs amave samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis Tanaxmad~ (II ms.<br />
kreba, me-2 kan.), xolo imperiis sazRvrebs gareT myof eklesiebs ufro meti<br />
avtokefaliis ufleba aqvT, amis Sesaxeb Cven zemoT visaubreT, mamaTa mier<br />
dawesebul Zvel kanonTa Soris igulisxmeboda mociqulTa kanonebis 34-e<br />
muxli, romelic yvela eTnosis (naTesavis, eris, imperiaSi `provinciis~)<br />
eklesias aniWebs avtokefaliis uflebas - `yvela eris episkoposebma unda<br />
icodnen maT Soris pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar unda<br />
gaakeTon mis gareSe, aramed yoveli maTgani mxolod imas unda akeTebdes, rac<br />
sasargebloa misi eklesiisaTvis da misTvis daqvemdebarebuli soflebisaTvis.<br />
magram nurc pirveli episkoposi nu gaakeTebs nurafers sxvebTan SeTanxmebis
gareSe, vinaidan, mxolod ase SeiZleba aResrulos erTneboba da ididos<br />
RmerTi uflis mier suliwmidiT~ 333 .<br />
ai, am kanoniT imarTeboda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia, vidre XIX saukunemde, es<br />
kanoni iyo misi TavisTavadobis safuZveli, msoflio krebebi ki ar arRvevdnen<br />
am kanons, aramed amtkicebdnen mas, rogorc igi ganamtkica nikeis krebam Tavis<br />
me-4, II ms. krebam me-2, III msoflio krebam me-8 kanonebiT.<br />
am kanonis ZaliT, yvela xalxis eklesias Zvelad ufleba hqonda<br />
avtokefaliisa, da iyvnen kidec I-III ss-Si gaqristianebuli eTnosebis<br />
eklesiebi avtokefalurni, rogorc romis imperiaSi, ise mis farglebs gareT.<br />
SemdgomSi IV s-is dasawyisSi romis imperiaSi am eTnosebis gansaxlebis<br />
sazRvrebs Tan daamTxvies provinciaTa sazRvrebi, amitomac provinciaTa<br />
eklesiebic avtokefalurni iyvnen (igulisxmeba IV s. dasawyisi), imperiis<br />
sazRvrebs gareT ki eklesiaTa avtokefalia `mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli<br />
kanonebiT~ ganisazRvreboda.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, V s-is avtors gelasi kvizikels aqvs cnoba imis<br />
Sesaxeb, rom pirveli qarTveli episkoposi akurTxa konstantinopolis<br />
patriarqma. am cnobasTan dakavSirebiT Tavis mosazrebebi aqvs m. TarxniSvils<br />
da sxva avtorebs. rogorc cnobilia, IV msoflio krebis dadgenilebiT<br />
gauqmebuli iqna pontos, asiisa da Trakiis provinciaTa eklesiebis<br />
damoukidebloba da isini moeqcnen konstantinopolis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.<br />
am momentma antioqia Zalze gaaRiziana, radganac, rogorc aRiniSna, igi<br />
pontosa da asiis eklesiebze Tavis pretenzias acxadebda. saerTod, rogorc<br />
romis, ise antioqiisa da aleqsandriis eklesiebisaTvis konstantinopolis<br />
eklesiis uswrafesi aRzeveba Tavdapirvelad miuRebeli iyo 334 . aman asaxva<br />
pova aRmosavleTis eklesiaTa samarTlebriv literaturaSi, magaliTad, somexi<br />
saeklesio avtorebi V-X saukuneebisa, am moments gansakuTrebiT aRniSnavdnen.<br />
maTi azriT, konstantinopolis eklesia ar iyo daarsebuli mociqulis mier,<br />
mas ar gaaCnda saeklesio warsuli. maSasadame, TviTon mas esaWiroeboda ucxo<br />
eklesiaTa dasturi Tavisi saeklesio uflebamosilebaTa gansaxorcieleblad.<br />
Tavis mxriv, konstantinopoleli avtorebi yovelmxriv cdilobdnen<br />
warmoeCinaT am axali eklesiis avtoriteti da uflebamosileba. amiT unda<br />
yofiliyo gamowveuli gelasi kvizikelis cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqosda<br />
pirveli ganmanaTleblebi saqarTveloSi (igulisxmeba wm. ninosa da wm.<br />
mirianis dros) gamogzavna aleqsandre konstantinopolelma episkoposma 335 .<br />
miRebulia, rom gelasi kvizikelis (475 wlis axlo xanebSi) saeklesio<br />
istoriaSi SemorCenilia fragmentebi ufro Zveli avtoris gelasi kesarielis<br />
(367-395) naSromidan da cnoba aleqsandre konstantinopolelis mier iberiaSi<br />
ganmanaTlebelTa gagzavnis Sesaxeb mas unda ekuTvnodes, Cveni azriT, V<br />
saukuneSi, imis mere, rac konstantinopolelma 451 wels oficialurad<br />
SeierTa pontos, asiis da Trakiis iqamde avtokefaluri eklesiebi, warmoiSva<br />
idea, rom pontos iqiTa qveynebic, anu iberiis eklesiac konstantinopols<br />
damorCileboda, amitomac cnoba aleqsandre konstantinopolelis (314-337)<br />
Sesaxeb unda mivakuTvnoT V s-is, swored gelasi kvizikelis xanas, anu V s-is<br />
70-80-ian wlebs. am wlebSi qarTulma eklesiam marTlac gamoamJRavna survili<br />
hqonoda mkveTrad gamoxatuli proberZnuli, anu am SemTxvevaSi,<br />
prokonstantinopoluri orientacia da axali ierarqiac ki miiRo misgan<br />
kaTalikos petres meTaurobiT. am movlenam albaT asaxva pova gelasi
kvizikelis wyaroSi. m. TarxniSvilis azriT, `dabejiTebiT ver vityviT<br />
istoriul safuZvels eyrdnoba es cnoba, Tu masSi mxolod is faqtia<br />
asaxuli, rom am dros episkoposis Tanamdeboba bizantiaSi aleqsandres (314-<br />
337) ekava. yovel SemTxvevaSi, konstantinopolis eklesiis Semdgomi<br />
monawileoba qarTuli eklesiis kanonikuri saxis CamoyalibebaSi dokumentebiT<br />
damtkicebuli ar aris~ 336 .<br />
ase rom, konstantinopolisadmi qarTuli eklesiis kanonikuri<br />
damokidebuleba dokumentebiT ar mtkicdeba. rac Seexeba antioqias, igi Tavis<br />
daqvemdebarebis qveS gulisxmobda ara kavkasiur qveynebs, aramed imperiaSi<br />
Semaval aRmosavlur provinciebs, imperiis mTel aRmosavleT nawils<br />
SuamdinareTis CaTvliT. aseTi Sexeduleba, romelsac qvemoT ufro farTod<br />
ganvixilavT IV s-is dasawyisSi romis imperiis `axal administraciul<br />
dayofas~ Seesabameboda. rogorc iTqva, qalaq konstantinopolis daarsebamde,<br />
romis imperatoris nacvali ijda qalaq antioqiaSi da mas ufleba hqonda<br />
ganego `mTeli aRmosavleTis~ saqmeebi, cxadia, romis imperiis sazRvrebis<br />
SigniT. imJamindeli saeklesio cxovrebis Sesabamisad, antioqiis episkopossac<br />
mieca ufleba Tavisi iurisdiqcia ganexorcielebina `mTel aRmosavleTze~,<br />
oRond, cxadia, romis imperiis sazRvrebs SigniT. romis imperiis sazRvrebSi<br />
ki IV s-is dasawyisisaTvis Sedioda SuamdinareTi, romelsac sparseTis qveynis<br />
nawilad miiCnevdnen imJamad, agreTve pontos da asiis provinciebi, aseve<br />
arabeTi da siria. ai, am teritoriebze arsebul eklesiebze da ara kavkasiis<br />
eklesiebze SeeZlo antioqias Tavisi kanonikuri uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb<br />
ganecxadebina pretenziebi. es iyo `mTeli aRmosavleTi~ da ara romis imperiis<br />
sazRvrebis gareT myofi qveynebi (iseve rogorc provincia `asia~ anu `azia~ ar<br />
moicavda mTel azias Tanamedrove gagebiT). romis imperiis gaqrobis da misi<br />
sazRvrebis damcrobis Semdgomac antioqiis pretenziebi ar Semcirebula,<br />
piriqiT, Seecada `aRmosavleTis~ qveS axla mTeli qveynierebis aRmosavleTi<br />
warmoedgina.<br />
Tavdapirveli sparsuli qristianuli eklesia Camoyalibda mesopotamiaSi<br />
(SuamdinareTSi), romelic Sedioda romis imperiis sazRvrebSi IV s-is<br />
dasawyisSi, aqedan gamomdinare, antioqias marTlac hqonda ufleba<br />
mesopotamiis sparsul eklesiaze. SemdgomSi Camoyalibda erTiani sparsuli<br />
eklesia, amasTanave, romma dakarga mesopotamia, cxadia, amis gamo antioqiis<br />
pretenziebi sruliad sparseTis sakaTalikosoze usafuZvlo iyo, amitomac<br />
sparseTis eklesia CamoSorda antioqias da gamoacxada damoukidebloba. kidev<br />
erTxel unda vTqvaT, rom antioqias kanonikurad eqvemdebareboda mesopotamiis<br />
sparsuli eklesia romis imperiis sazRvrebis SigniT da ara sruliad<br />
sparseTis eklesia. amitomac iyo arakanonieri antioqiis pretenziebi mis<br />
mimarT. antioqias saerTod hqonda miziduloba daemorCilebina mezobeli<br />
eklesiebi, magaliTad, kviprosisa, romlis avtokefaliac daicva III msoflio<br />
krebam me-8 kanoniT.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, romis imperiaSi 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesiis<br />
nacvlad, provinciaTa eklesiebis avtokefaliis gaqrobis kvaldakval<br />
TandaTanobiT bizantiaSi V-VI saukuneebSi mitropoliaTa urTierTSerwymis<br />
gziT Camoyalibda sul eqvsi avtokefaluri eklesia (xuTi sapatriarqo da<br />
kviprosis eklesia). 5 <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> Camoyalibebis kvaldakval, VII-IX<br />
saukunisaTvis bizantiaSi Camoyalibda pentarqiis Teoria, romlis mixedviTac
mTel msoflioze eklesiuri iurisdiqciis ganxorcielebis ufleba TiTqosda<br />
hqonda am xuT <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> (e.i. romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis,<br />
antioqiisa da ierusalimis eklesiebs). am Teoriis momxre Teologebi<br />
Txzavdnen Teoriebs, Tu msoflios romeli qveynis eklesia romel<br />
<strong>sapatriarqos</strong> unda daqvemdebareboda. antioqieli Teologebis azriT,<br />
saqarTvelo unda Sesuliyo antioqiis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> iurisdiqciaSi. es<br />
mosazreba dawyebuli VII saukunidan, grZeldeboda vidre giorgi<br />
mTawmidelamde (XI s.). ase Tu ise, igi miRebuli iyo antioqiis sapatriarqo<br />
karze da am ideebs avrcelebda maTi mwerlobac.<br />
antioqiis patriarqs ioane antioqiels (+648) miuweria sparseTis eklesiis<br />
Sesaxeb did mitropolit maruTa tagritelisTvis (+649), rom: `winaT sparseTis<br />
kaTalikosis saydari da somxeTis, gurzanisa da aranis kaTalikosis saydari<br />
eqvemdebareboda antioqias kaTalikosis babais sikvdilamde~ (+484) 337 .<br />
am werilSi VII s-is antioqieli patriarqi aRiarebs, rom mis dros (e.i. VII<br />
s-Si) gurznis, anu <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia antioqias ar eqvemdebareba, Tumca ki<br />
masze pretenzias acxadebs. ufro metic, misi cnobiT, qarTuli eklesia ar<br />
eqvemdebareboda antioqias ukve kaTalikos babais sikvdilis Semdeg, e.i. V s-is<br />
80-iani wlebidan. im dromde Tu eqvemdebareboda? `am cnobidan ar Cans,<br />
gamoiyeneboda Tu ara es samarTali sinamdvileSi. Tu adgilobriv eklesiebis<br />
istorias gadavxedavT, davrwmundebiT, rom igi sinamdvileSi ar arsebobda.<br />
somxeTis eklesia daarsebis pirveli dReebidanve kesariis mitropolits<br />
eqvemdebareboda, IV s. bolos ki mTlianad ganTavisuflda misgan, raTa<br />
damoukideblad ganviTarebuliyo. sparsuli eklesiac mxolod iwodeboda<br />
antioqiaze damokidebulad, 423-424 wlebis axlo xanebSi man absoluturi<br />
damoukidebloba moipova da gaauqma antioqiis taxtze damokidebulebis kanoni.<br />
raki es ori eklesia iuridiulad gaTavisuflda antioqiis mitropolitisagan,<br />
unda vifiqroT, rom saqarTveloc aRar iyo masze damokidebuli, radgan<br />
iberiis eklesiis aseTi samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba arc erTi imdroindeli<br />
wyaroTi ar dasturdeba~ 338 .<br />
pentarqiis Teoriam gansakuTrebuli aRmavloba ganicada IX saukunidan,<br />
amis Sedegad ukve monofizitur antioqiaSi, romelic arabebis mier iyo<br />
dapyrobili, aqa-iq SemorCenili marTlmadidebeli, anu rogorc maT<br />
uwodebdnen melqiti (e.i. mefis, konstantinopolis imperatoris momxre),<br />
antioqieli berebi aviTarebdnen Sesabamis Teoriebs, erTi aseTi iyo beri<br />
nikoni, romelmac XI s-Si wamoayena mosazreba, rom `antioqiis patriarqma<br />
evstaTim (325-331) konstantines davalebiT moZebna qarTvelebi maTsave qveyanaSi,<br />
monaTla isini da dauniSna kaTalikosi, romelic antioqiis patriarqs<br />
dauqvemdebara~ 339 .<br />
nikonis es cnoba, rogorc cnobilia, Targmnil iqna XI s-Si qarTulad da<br />
igi yvela saeklesio fenam aRiara. me, piradad, es cnoba SedarebiT sandod<br />
mimaCnia, radgan evstati antioqielis moRvaweobis dros (325-331), jer kidev ar<br />
arsebobda konstantinopoli, viTarca dedaqalaqi, romis imperiis<br />
aRmosavleTis politikuri dedaqalaqi iyo antioqia. mis rogorc saero, ise<br />
sasuliero xelisuflebas evaleboda imperiis aRmosavleTSi yovelgvari<br />
saqmeTa mogvareba. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom mefe mirianisagan<br />
imperatorTan gagzavnili delegatebi konstantines eaxlnen q. romSi, man ki<br />
evstaTi antioqiels, viTarca aRmosavleTSi mjdom ierarqs, daavala qarTuli
eklesiis saqmeTa mogvareba. magram es ar niSnavs ierarqiul damorCilebas<br />
axalSeqmnili eklesiisa, radganac IV s-is I naxevari aseT daqvemdebarebas ar<br />
iTvaliswinebda. cnoba daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb pentarqiis momxreTa Seqmnili,<br />
anda SeTxzuli unda iyos mogvianebiT.<br />
XI s. melqit nikon SavmTels da Cvens did saeklesio moRvawes efrem<br />
mcires ekuTvniT cnoba, romelic maT Zveli qronikebidan moupovebiaT, rom<br />
imperator konstantine kopronimes dros (741-775) ori qarTveli beri mivida<br />
patriarq Teofilaqte antioqielTan (daaxloebiT 744-751) `isini Ciodnen, rom<br />
qarTvelebs aRar hyavT kaTalikosi, `rameTu dRiTgan netarisa anastasi<br />
mRvdelmowamisa, antioqiel patriarqisa, ara kurTxeul ars maTda kaTalikosimTavarepiskoposi<br />
siZnelisaTvis gzisa, rameTu agarianTagan veravin ikadrebs<br />
svlad~ 340 . am gancxadebis safuZvelze antoqiis patriarqs Teofilaqtes<br />
gaucia sinodis sigeli, romlis mixedviTac momavalSi kaTalikosis kurTxeva<br />
qarTvel episkoposebs miendoboda. amisaTvis ki evalebodaT JamiswirvaSi<br />
antioqiis patriarqis moxsenieba da yovelwliurad 1000 drahkanis gadaxda.<br />
patriarqi itovebda uflebas SemdgomSi mwvaleblobis an ganxeTqilebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi saqarTveloSi egzarqosi gaegzavnaT~ 341 .<br />
rogorc v. goilaZem gaarkvia VIII s. 40-50-ian wlebSi antoqiis sapatriarqo<br />
karze Cavidnen (ara `zemo iberiis~, aramed `qvemo iberiis~), anu dasavleT<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> zRvispira eklesiis warmomadgenlebi. rogorc cnobilia, VII s<br />
20-iani wlebs Semdeg herakle keisris aneqsiis Sedegad dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
zRvispireTi uSualod Sevida bizantiis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi da dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi vidre e.w. skanda-Sorapnis sazRvramde Tavisi iurisdiqcia<br />
ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom. aq Camoyalibda berZnulenovani<br />
saepiskoposoebi lazikis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si Semavalni foTis mitropolitis<br />
meTaurobiT. maT Soris rodopolosis, ZiRinevis, petras, caiSis<br />
saepiskoposoebi. male, gansakuTrebiT ki VIII s-Si politikuri viTareba<br />
Seicvala. dasavleT saqarTveloSi xelisuflebis marTvis ufleba moipova<br />
afxazeTidan gamosulma dinastiam, kerZod ki leon OI-ma, romelmac es ufleba<br />
moipova qarTlis mefeTagan mefe miris memkvidre asulis guranduxtis SerTvis<br />
gziT. dasavleT saqarTvelo ibrZoda bizantielebisagan damoukideblobis<br />
mosapoveblad. am mxriv konstantinopolis moucleloba sasargeblo aRmoCnda<br />
qveynis eklesiuri da politikuri damoukideblobis mopovebisaTvis. kerZod,<br />
am miwa-wylidan e.i. `qvemo iberiidan~ Cavida antioqiaSi saeklesio delegacia,<br />
swored maT miiRes `sinodis sigeli~, romliTac antioqiis patriarqma<br />
Teofilaqtem qvemo iberiis anu afxazeTis kaTalikosis kurTxevis ufleba<br />
qarTvel episkoposebs miando. Semdegi drois antioqieli patriarqebi<br />
dosiTeosi, xrisanfi da sxvebi weren imis Sesaxeb, rom `qvemo iberiis~<br />
arqiepiskoposma (ase uwodebdnen isini afxazeTis kaTalikoss) damoukidebloba<br />
moipova lev isavrosis epoqaSi, e.i. 720-ian wlebSi, rogorc Cans, am wlebSi<br />
gaerTianda dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia, xolo kanonikurad ki<br />
konstantinopolisagan gaTavisuflda antioqiis aRniSnuli sinodis sigeliT.<br />
anu samarTlebriv-kanonikuri gziT da ara saeklesio urCobiT, rasac didi<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs.<br />
saerTod, xatmebrZoluri xana xasiaTdeboda samarTlebriv uflebaTa<br />
gadaadgilebiT. magaliTad, Tuki iqamde guTeTis eklesia Sedioda<br />
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi, ioane guTelis dros VIII s.
konstantinopolSi xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo, guTeTis eklesiam gadawyvita<br />
gamosuliyo deda eklesiidan da daqvemdebareboda ierusalims. rogorc<br />
cnobilia, ioane guTeli sami weli eloda ierusalimSi episkoposad<br />
kurTxevas, magram Semdeg am sapatriarqoSi gadauwyvetiaT guTeTis mezobel<br />
marTlmadidebel iberiis eklesiaSi ekurTxebinaT ioane guTeli episkoposad.<br />
amgvaradve, dasavleT saqarTvelomac, roca gadawyvita gamosuliyo<br />
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciidan, mimarTa isev bizantiur eklesias –<br />
antioqiis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>, romlisaganac VIII s. miiRo Sesabamisi kanonikuri<br />
dasturi. ase, rom efrem mciresa da nikon SavmTelis cnobebi iberiis<br />
kaTalikosis adgilze kurTxevis Sesaxeb Seexeba ara mcxeTis eklesiis, aramed<br />
afxazeTis (qvemo iberiis), eklesias. cnobaTa aRreva gamoiwvia iman, rom<br />
rogorc mcxeTis, ise dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiebs `iberTa eklesiebi~<br />
ewodebodaT bizantiaSi. balsamonic Tavis cnobil cnobaSi iberiis<br />
eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWebis Sesaxeb, sinamdvileSi wers ara<br />
mxolobiT ricxvSi - `iberiis eklesia~, aramed mravlobiTSi - `iberiis<br />
eklesiebi~, es kargad Cans rusul TargmanSi.<br />
amave konteqstSi Sedis wmida mironis kurTxevis sakiTxic. CvenSi<br />
miCneulia giorgi merCules cnobaze dayrdnobiT, rom mironis kurTxevis<br />
ufleba qarTulma eklesiam moipova efrem mawyvereli (IX s.) episkoposis<br />
wyalobiT ierusalimis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> mier. m. TarxniSvilis TqmiT, `es moxda<br />
patriarq sergi ierusalimelis (843-859) dros, roca ori qarTveli beri,<br />
miqaeli da arseni, romelTac mcire aziaSi olimpis mTaze qarTuli monasteri<br />
daaarses, wmida qalaqSi mividnen da antioqiis patriarqTan SeTanxmebiT<br />
aqauri sinodisagan TavianTi eklesiisaTvis es ufleba moipoves~ 342 . mironis<br />
kurTxeva Zvel eklesiaSi episkoposebis privilegia iyo, es ufleba kidev<br />
ufro ganamtkica karTagenis krebebma IV s-Si. Cven garkveuli gvaqvs, rom VI-VII<br />
saukuneebSi somxeTisa da albaneTis eklesiebi mirons TviTonve akurTxevdnen,<br />
amitomac samarTlebrivad maTi Tanatoli da Tanafardi qarTuli eklesiac,<br />
cxadia, mirons ZvelTaganve akurTxevda. miT umetes, rom IV s-danve uflis<br />
kvarTze amosuli sveticxovlis Ziridan mironi gadmoedineboda, cxadia, mcire<br />
odenobiT, romelsac albaT urevdnen xarSvisas wmida mirons.<br />
zemoaRniSnuli cnoba mironis Sesaxeb kvlav dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesias Seexeba – saqme isaa, rom dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> berZnuli<br />
saepiskoposoebi, cxadia, mirons konstantinopolidan iRebdnen, masTan<br />
xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo kavSiris gawyvetis Semdeg isini Seecadnen mironi<br />
sxva romelime bizantiuri sapatriarqodan mieRoT. qvemo iberiis anu<br />
afxazeTis sakaTalikososadmi miniWebuli avtokefalia _ TavisTavadobis<br />
sanacvlod _ antioqia-ierusalimis erT-erTi piroba iyo wmida mironi maTgan<br />
SeesyidaT, romelSic 1000 drahkani unda gadaexada qarTul mxares. swored es<br />
sakiTxi unda moegvarebinaY efrem mawyverelsa da sxva pirebs. kerZod, maTi<br />
wyalobiT ierusalimsa da antioqiaSi miuRweviaT TanxmobisaTvis, rom<br />
afxazeTis eklesiisaTvis saWiro mironi TviT saqarTveloSive kurTxeuliyo.<br />
e.i. qvemo iberiis sakaTalikosos mironi ukve ara antioqia-ierusalimidan,<br />
aramed adgilzeve unda mieRo. es winadadeba, Cans, giorgi mTawmidelis<br />
cxovrebaSi Tavdapirvelad savaraudod aseTi saxiT ewera: `rameTu afxazeTisa<br />
kaTalikosTa mironi ierusalimiT mohyvanda, xolo efrem qristesmieriTa<br />
brZanebiTa mironis kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusalimisa patriaqisa
ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliT, aramed qarTlad friadi qveyana<br />
aRiricxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis~, afxazeTic<br />
qarTlia, radganac wirva-locva da yoveli saeklesio saqme aq qarTul enaze<br />
aResruleba. maSasadame, gadawyda, rom dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias mironi<br />
ekurTxebina adgilzeve e.i. mieRo mcxeTidan. es iyo gamTlianeba sulieri<br />
TvalsazrisiT qarTuli eklesiisa (ixile amis Sesaxeb sagangebo gamokvleva<br />
`mironis kurTxevis Sesaxeb~) 343 .<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia ar warmoSobila erTbaSad, erTi sqemiT. rogorc<br />
aRiniSna, aq qristianuli Temebi arsebobdnen qristianobis oficialur<br />
aRiarebamde ara mxolod dabal, aramed maRal fenebSic, rasac arqeologiuri<br />
monacemebi da werilobiTi wyaroebic miuTiTebs, magram es iyo mcirericxovani<br />
Temebi. mkvlevarTa Soris davaa IV s-is dasawyisSi `qarTlis moqcevis~<br />
TariRis Sesaxeb. saerTod ra igulisxmeboda `qarTlis moqcevaSi~?<br />
imperatorma konstantinem mefe mirianis TxovniT warmoagzavna `moswrafebiT<br />
mRvdelni naTlisRebisaTvis~ 344 , maT Soris iyo episkoposi ioane. `mefem naTel<br />
iyo xelsa queSe wmidisa ninossa~, aseve moinaTla dedofali da ufliswulebi.<br />
mdinare mtkvarze episkoposma naTeli sca warCinebulebs, xolo mRvdlebma<br />
mTel ers - swored es iyo `qarTlis moqceva~. romel wels moxda es? wyaro<br />
TviTve gvpasuxobs, kerZod, – qarTlis moqcevis Semdeg mefe mirianma ukanve<br />
gagzavna imperatorTan episkoposi ioane aseTi saTxovriT: `iTxova nawili<br />
Zelisa cxovrebisa, romelic mas oden Jamsa gamoeCina RvTis moyvare elene<br />
dedofalsa~ 345 . episkopos ioanes pirveli Camosvlis dros `Zeli cxovrebisa~<br />
ierusalimSi jer kidev ar iyo aRmoCenili, amitomac iyo, rom qarTvelTa<br />
gaqristianebis surviliT uzomod gaxarebulma imperatorma da elene<br />
dedofalma Tavdapirvelad mirian mefes mxolod macxovris xati da<br />
Cveulebrivi jvari gamougzavnes 346 ; xolo meorejer Casul qarTlis<br />
delegatebs, romelTa Soris episkoposTan erTad qarTveli `warCinebulic~<br />
iyo, imperatorma `sixaruliT mianiWa nawili Zelisa cxovelisa da ficarni<br />
igi, romelTa zeda ferxni damsWvalul iyves uflisani da samsWualni<br />
xelTani~ 3 .<br />
rogorc cnobilia, elene dedofalma ierusalimSi aRniSnuli siwmideni<br />
moipova 326 wels, xolo rogorc aRiniSna, `qarTlis moqceva~ anu mtkvarSi<br />
eris naTloba ufro adre moxda. maSasadame, unda daveTanxmoT vaxuStisa da<br />
sxva mraval avtors, romelnic `qarTlis moqcevis~ TariRebad 317-318 wlebs<br />
miiCneven. amasTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia is momentic, rom msoflio<br />
qristianobis udidesi siwmideebi `ferxTa ficari~ da samsWvalni uflisa<br />
ubralo qalaqebSi _ eruSeTsa da <strong>manglis</strong>Si datoves da ara dedaqalaqSi –<br />
qristiani mefis mfarvelobis qveS. ismis kiTxva, mounaTlavi, araqristianuli<br />
qalaqebis warmarT mosaxleebs rogor andes aseTi siwmide, warmarTebi xom<br />
sastikad epyrobodnen qristianul siwmideebs? rogorc Txzuleba `cxra Zma<br />
kolaelTa martviloba~ gviCvenebs, warmarTebma ar daindes TviT sakuTari<br />
gaqristianebuli Svilebi da qvebiT Caqoles, xolo eklesia daarbies.<br />
<strong>manglis</strong>sa da eruSeTSi datovebul aRniSnul siwmideebs ki mkvidri<br />
mosaxleoba gafacicebiT icavda, imdenad, rom V-VI saukuneebSi `<strong>manglis</strong>is<br />
jvari~ saerTo-kavkasiuri salocavic ki iyo. amis gamo, Cven unda vifiqroT,<br />
rom ioane episkoposis droisaTvis, e.i. IV s-is dasawyisSi <strong>manglis</strong>sa, eruSeTSi<br />
da albaT sxva daba-soflebSic, Cans, ukve arsebobda mZlavri qristianuli
Temebi (e.i. qarTlis oficialurad moqcevamde), romelTaTvisac SeiZleboda<br />
udidesi, msoflio mniSvnelobis qristianuli siwmideebis mindoba, swored am<br />
Temebs auSenes eklesiebi ioane episkoposis mier Camoyvanilma kiriTxuroebma.<br />
saeklesio samarTlis wyaros organizebis Semdeg IV s. dasawyisSi, iseve<br />
rogorc misi drois romis (bizantiis) imperiaSi, warmoadgenda harmoniuli<br />
(simfoniuri) kavSiri eklesiisa saxelmwifosTan, romelic damyarda mirian<br />
mefis saxelmwifo xelisuflebasa da qarTul eklesias Soris. es kavSiri<br />
saukuneTa manZilze samagaliTo iyo. m. TarxniSvilis TqmiT - `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
mmarTvelebs Tavisi Tavi RvTis mebrZolad da misi saqmis aRmsruleblad<br />
miaCndaT~ 347 , es grZeldeboda saukuneTa manZilze. `amgvari damokidebulebis<br />
mimaniSnebelia warwerac fulze: mesiis maxvils uwodebdnen TavianT Tavs<br />
mefeebi demetre (1125-1156), giorgi III (1156-1184), laSa-giorgi (1213-1222),<br />
dedofali rusudani (1222-1245), Tamari Tavis Tavs ase uwodebda: `mesiis<br />
Semwe~ 2. miuxedavad amisa, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefeebi ar gadadiodnen sazRvars<br />
`romliTac gamijnulni iyvnen RvTis mier dawesebuli saeklesio<br />
ierarqiisagan~ 348 .<br />
`wmida ninos cxovreba~ cxadyofs, rom qarTlis moqceva moxda qalaq<br />
konstantinopolis daarsebamde, e.i. 330 wlamde, es iqidan Cans, rom aRniSnul<br />
`cxovrebaSi~ qalaqi romi (e.i. imperiis dedaqalaqi) dasaxelebulia<br />
ramdenjerme, magaliTad, am `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, elene dedofali romSi zis,<br />
amitomac mis winaSe `gaemgzavrnen wmida nino da efeseli qali qalaq<br />
romSi~ 349 . faravnis tbasTan ufalma wmida ninos misca wigni wasakiTxad,<br />
romelic `dawerili iyo laTinurad~ 350 , wmida ninos uwodeben ase: `romaeli<br />
tyve~ 351 , wmida ninos sarwmunoebas ki qarTveli warmarTebi ase uwodebdnen -<br />
`romaelTa Secdomili rjuli~ 352 . gaqristianebuli mefe miriani ambobs:<br />
`viqnebi morCili ninosi romaelTa rjulze 353 , Tumca amave dros romis<br />
imperias `saberZneTic~ ewodeba, mis mefes ki `berZenTa mefe~,<br />
konstantinopolis ararsebobas moqcevis droisaTvis gulisxmobs isic, rom<br />
wmida ninos `wigni miswera~ ara konstantinopolis episkoposma, aramed romis<br />
patriarqma `im dReebSi mouvida wigni romis patriarqisagan wmida ninos, mefes<br />
da qarTlis mTel ers~ 354 . mTel TxzulebaSi mxolod erTxel gvxvdeba sityva<br />
`konstantinopoli~ da unda vifiqroT, rom igi unda iyos CanarTi, radganac<br />
axlosaa sxva meore CanarTTan, romelSic laparakia mTiulebis Sesaxeb:<br />
`xolo ukanasknel Jams maTi nawili moaqcia abibos nekreselma episkoposma da<br />
zogierTi maTgani darCnen warmarTobaSive dRemde~ 355 , e.i. wmida ninos<br />
`cxovrebis~ redaqtirebis Jams albaT VI-VII ss-Si CaurTes sityva<br />
`konstantinopoli~.<br />
m. TarxniSvilis sityviT, `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kavSiri antioqiasTan xangrZlivi<br />
arasdros yofila~ 356 . m. TarxniSvilis azriT, antioqiasTan kavSiri<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiam daamyara ara IV, aramed V s-is bolos. `V saukunis<br />
bolos damyarebuli kavSiri antioqiasTan ukve 610 wels Seirya da VIII<br />
saukuneSi sruliad gawyda~ 356 . am dros m. TarxniSvilis sityviT (e.i. V s-Si),<br />
antioqia monofizituri yofila, amitomac misi azriT V s-Si qarTuli<br />
eklesiac monofizituri iyo. es mosazreba Cvens mier mTlianad uaryofilia 357
m. TarxniSvili svams Zalze saintereso kiTxvas, romelzec pasuxis<br />
gacemiT, Cven movZebniT qarTuli eklesiis samarTlis wyaros IV saukuneSi,<br />
kerZod - `pirveli episkoposi, romelic bizantiidan movida, `moqcevai<br />
qarTlisais~ mixedviT iyo ioane, mis Semdeg mcxeTis episkoposis taxtze avida<br />
masTan erTad mosuli mRvdeli iakobi. CvenTvis ucnobia, Tu sad ekurTxa igi<br />
episkoposad, radgan sakuTari ierarqiis Seqmna aseT mcire droSi<br />
SeuZlebeli iyo, xolo jer kidev zomieri da upretenzio bosforispira<br />
qalaqi (konstantinopoli) Zalian Sors iyo, qarTvelebi iZulebulni iyvnen,<br />
TavianTi umaRlesi mwyemsi mezobel qristian xalxebTan e.i. somxebTan da<br />
sirielebTan eZebna, marTlac mcxeTis mesame episkoposi iobi somexi<br />
mTavarepiskoposis, nerse didis (daaxloebiT 362-373) diakvani iyo. SeiZleba<br />
vifiqroT, rom nersem TviTon akurTxa Tavisi diakvani episkoposad...~ 358 .<br />
m. TarxniSvili cdeba, radganac Zvelma qarTulma saeklesio<br />
istoriografiam icoda, `Tu sad ekurTxa episkoposad~ iakobi, iobi da sxvani<br />
IV-V saukuneebSi. Cveni wyaroebi dabejiTebiT miuTiTebdnen, rom isini<br />
ekurTxebodnen aqve, saqarTveloSive da isini ar ukurTxebiaT ucxoeTSi anda<br />
ucxoel pirvel mRvdelmTavrebs. magaliTad, qarTuli eklesiis meore<br />
episkoposi iakobi mefe mirianis nebiT dajda eklesiis meTaurad, mirians es<br />
Tavad wmida ninom sTxova 359 .<br />
mis Semdeg qarTvelTa mefem episkoposad `dasva elia~, `...mokvda episkoposi<br />
iakob da dasva mis wil elia~ 360 , elias sikvdilis Semdeg aqve,<br />
saqarTveloSive, axal episkoposad `dasves~ svimoni - `mokvda elia episkoposi<br />
da dasves svimon~ 360 . aseve saqarTveloSive mRvdeli miqaeli `daadgines<br />
episkoposad~. - `moiyvana mRvdeli WeSmariti saberZneTiT, saxeliT miqael da<br />
daadgines igi episkoposad~ 361 da a.S. episkoposebs aqve, saqarTveloSive<br />
`adgendnen~ an `svamdnen~ Sesabamisi wreebi. iyo Tu ara saqarTveloSive IV s-<br />
Si ramdenime episkoposi? diax, iyo, ukve mirian mefis sikvdilis droisaTvis<br />
(IV s. 60-ian wlebSi) saqarTveloSi iyo ramdenime episkoposi, sikvdilis Jams<br />
mirian mefem `davedra episkoposTa~... 362 . e.i. episkoposebs sTxova. swored es<br />
episkoposebi irCevdnen TavianT krebaze eklesiis meTaurs, xolo mefe `svamda~<br />
mas. ramdenime episkoposi yofila mefe mirianis Semdegac, magaliTad, vaxtang<br />
gorgasals, roca is sparseTidan dabrunda miegebnen qarTveli episkoposebi -<br />
`warmovida vaxtang qarTlad da miegebnen... episkoposni~ 363 . es episkoposebi<br />
marTavdnen eklesias IV s. kanonebis mixedviT.<br />
aqedan Cans, rom IV s-Si eklesia saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc romis<br />
imperiis provinciaTa eklesiebis umetesi nawili, iyo TviTmmarTvadi, anu<br />
rogorc balsamoni aseT eklesiebs uwodebs _ avtokefaluri. qarTuli<br />
wyaroebis swori interpretireba mxolod amtkicebs balsamonis mosazrebas.<br />
amasve iTxovda msoflio saeklesio kanonmdebloba, kerZod, karTagenis krebis<br />
(419) 74-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `ucxo episkoposi ar unda dajdes ucxo eklesiis<br />
saydarze~ (karT., 74-e kanoni), ratom unda darRveuliyo es kanoni qarTuli<br />
eklesiis mimarT? maSasadame, aqedan gamomdinare, qarTvelebs ara ucxoeli<br />
episkoposebi ahyavdaT eklesiis meTaurad, aramed maT saqarTveloSive<br />
akurTxebdnen da Semdeg aZlevdnen eklesiis meTauris pativs.<br />
IV s-is 80-ian wlebSi Seicvala saerTaSoriso viTareba, saqarTveloSi<br />
gabatonda irani, iranSi ki, rogorc cnobilia, am droisaTvis arsebobda
Zlieri siriul-sparsuli qristianuli eklesia, rasac Tavisi gavlena<br />
mouxdenia qarTuli eklesiis orientaciaze. Tanaxmad m. TarxniSvilisa, amas<br />
unda gamoewvia CvenSi ori, prosparsuli da proberZnuli orientaciis<br />
ierarqiis warmoSoba. maT meTaur episkoposebs, Cans, gavleniani adgili eWiraT<br />
samefo karze – vaxtang gorgaslis siWabukis dros (e.i. saeklesio<br />
reformamde) erT-erTi darbazobis dros mefis gverdiT sagangebo taxtebze<br />
dasves ori episkoposi 364 . isini ori saepiskoposo frTis meTaurebi unda<br />
yofiliyvnen 365 .<br />
m. TarxniSvilis mier moZiebuli wyaros Tanaxmad, 419 wels Catarebula<br />
`siriul-sparsuli~ saeklesio kreba selevkiis qtesifonSi sparseTis<br />
kaTalikosis mar-iah-balahis dros, romelSic monawileobas Rebulobdnen<br />
`episkoposebi gurzanidan~, e.i. saqarTvelodan. es unda yofiliyo is<br />
prosparsuli ierarqia, romelic ukve, Cans, arsebobda saqarTveloSi. `yvelaze<br />
metad TvalSi sacemia krebis aqtebis ena. aqtebis mixedviT iahbalahi yvela iq<br />
Sekrebili episkoposis kaTalikosia, igi `aRmosavleTis episkoposebis<br />
meTaurad~ iwodeboda iezdigerdis mTel samefoSi~ 366 . magram es unda<br />
yofiliyo mxolod erTi jgufi qarTveli episkoposebisa. vaxtangis siWabukis<br />
dros, rogorc cnobilia, bizantiis imperiam miitaca klarjeTi da<br />
zRvispireTi, vidre cixe-gojamde. amis gamo qarTli ori imperiis gavlenis<br />
arealSi mdebareobda, rac aisaxeboda saeklesio cxovrebaSi, mis ierarqiaSic.<br />
Tavis mxriv, sakuTriv qarTlic orad yofila gayofili, kerZod, qvemo<br />
qarTlsa da kaxeT-hereTSi, SesaZloa teritoriuli siaxlovis gamo, iranuli<br />
orientaciis episkoposebi Warbobdnen.<br />
Cveni fiqriT, Tormetma episkoposma, romlebic vaxtangma bizantiidan<br />
Camoiyvana, Secvala qvemo qarTlisa da kaxeT-hereTis prosparsuli<br />
orientaciis mqone episkoposebi. vaxtangis saeklesio orientacia iyo mkveTrad<br />
bizantiuri, man anderZic ki daibara amis dasacavad. amitomac misTvis<br />
prosparsuli ierarqia, qveynis ganTavisuflebis Semdeg miuRebeli iyo.<br />
marTlac 12-ve axali episkoposi man dasva qvemo qarTlsa, kaxeT-hereTsa da<br />
berZenTagan ganTavisuflebul klarjeTSi (es teritoria vaxtangma ukan<br />
daibruna da, cxadia, iq Tavisi episkoposi dasva) _ `dasva erTi episkoposad<br />
klarjeTs, eklesiasa axizisasa, erTi artaans eruSeTs, erTi javaxeTs, wundas,<br />
erTi <strong>manglis</strong>s, erTi bolniss, erTi rusTavs, erTi ninowmidas, ujarmis karsa,<br />
romeli gorgasalsa aeSena, erTi Werems... erTi CeleTs... erTi xornabujs da<br />
erTi agaraks 367 .<br />
rogorc cnobilia, sastiki winaaRmdegoba iyo mefesa da mTavarepiskopos<br />
miqaels Soris. am faqts sxvadasxvagvarad xsnian istorikosebi, miiCneven, rom<br />
maT Soris iyo sarwmunoebrivi dapirispireba. mefe vaxtangic da<br />
mTavarepiskoposi miqaelic diofizitebi iyvnen da maT Soris winaaRmdegoba<br />
xelisuflebisaTvis brZoliT iyo gamowveuli.<br />
saqme is iyo, rom qarTlsa da hereTSi gabatonebis Semdeg iranelebma<br />
qveynis sammarTvelo da sasamarTlo Zalaufleba CamoarTves aznaurebs<br />
(warCinebulebs) da gadasces samRvdeloebas (sasuliero wodebas). Tu rogor<br />
xdeboda es sparselTa mier, kargad aqvs aRwerili arsen safarels somxuri<br />
eklesiis istoriasTan dakavSirebiT. igi wers _ `somex aznaurTa xelisufleba<br />
daeca marzapanis mier, kaTalikosebma da episkoposebma miiRes ufleba win<br />
aRdgomodnen aznaurTa xelisuflebas. samRvdeloebas mieca ufleba
mosaxleobisagan moekribaT xarki da gadaexadaT sparselebisaTvis, radganac<br />
episkoposebsa da qorepiskoposebs miandes somxeTi, rogorc sparsTa mefobis<br />
morCilebs. zogierTma kaTalikosma da episkoposma sparseTis mefeebi iSviles<br />
da TavianTi Zeebi uwodes... (samRvdeloebma) miaRwies imas, rom samTavro<br />
msajuleba TviT miitaces da kanonis samarTlisamebr ar iqceodnen. eklesiis<br />
sakuTreba miiTvises da flangavdnen eriskacTa saCveneblad... saepiskoposoebi<br />
gadaiqcnen qedismosaxrel adgilebad, sadac mividodnen xolme aznaurebi<br />
(episkoposTa karze) da maT episkoposebi ar iRebdnen, Sercxvenili aznaurebi<br />
ukanve brundebodnen, rogoradac marzapnis karidan. es didi Seuracxyofa<br />
mouTmeneli iyo~ 368 .<br />
marTalia, zemoaRniSnuli istoria exeba somxeTis eklesias da arsen<br />
safareli kargad aRwers, sparseTis Sahebma Tu rogor gadasces dapyrobil<br />
somxeTSi saero xelisufleba somxur eklesias da es kanonieri ufleba<br />
CamoarTves aznaurebs, e.i. saero xelisufalT. igive moimoqmedes sparselebma<br />
saqarTveloSic, rogorc amas `moqcevai qarTlisai~ uCevnebs. IV s-is bolosa<br />
da V s-is dasawyisSi, vaxtang gorgaslis gamefebamde arsebul mdgomareobas<br />
mematiane ase aRwers: `da mere mefobda mirdat da mTavarepiskoposi iyo<br />
glonoqor da es mTavarepiskoposi erisTavadca iyo barazbod pitiaxSisagan<br />
qarTls da hereTs. da misa Semdgomad mefobda didi vaxtang gorgasali~ 369 .<br />
aq savsebiT naTlad aris aRwerili qveyanaSi Seqmnili viTareba: qarTveli<br />
mefe nominaluri mmarTvelia, qveyanas faqtobrivad marTavs sparsi pitiaxSi,<br />
romelmac `qarTlisa da hereTis erisTavad~ daniSna qarTuli eklesiis<br />
meTauri _ mTavarepiskoposi. ras niSnavs es? Cans, imasve rac ufro adre<br />
mezobel somxeTSi moxda, kerZod, qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs mieniWa qveynis<br />
sammarTvelo (saero) ufleba – igia erisTavi da mis xelSia qveyanaSi xarkis<br />
mokrebis ufleba. esaa udidesi Zalaufleba, romelic moaklda qarTlis<br />
aznaurebs da gadaeca qarTvel samRvdeloebas. ra Sedegi moitana aman? _<br />
arseni safarelis sityvebs Tu moviSveliebT `sasulieroni (kaTalikosebi da<br />
episkoposebi) win aRudgnen aznaurTa xelisuflebas – mefis xelisuflebas...<br />
eklesiis sakuTreba miiTvises da flangavdnen (e.i. `megvadruceebi~ anu<br />
molareebi arian qristesi)... saepiskoposoebi gadaiqcnen qedis mosadrekel<br />
adgilebad... episkoposebi maT (aznaurebs) ar iRebdnen da Sercxvenili<br />
aznaurebi ukan brundebodnen~. swored ase moeqca mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli<br />
vaxtang mefes maTi Sexvedris dros, mefe cxenidan CamoqveiTda, miuaxlovda<br />
amxedrebul episkoposs, raTa mas mTxveoda fexze. miqaelma `gakra fexi, qoSis<br />
qusli pirSi Caartya da mefes kbili Caumtvria~.<br />
rogor moiqca Seuracxyofili mefe? Tumca Zlier surda, magram ar ikadra<br />
mTavarepiskoposis dasja, mxolod sityviT mimarTa - `vercxlismoyvare xar<br />
Sen, rameTu qristes megvadruce xar~.<br />
vfiqrob am sityvis xmareba `megvadruce~ anu `fulis Semgrovebeli~,<br />
miuTiTebs, rom am dros qarTvel samRvdeloebas jer kidev hqonda ufleba<br />
moegrovebina mTel qveyanaSi xarki, albaT sparselTa, anda sakuTari qveynis<br />
xazinaSi ASesatanad. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cveni mematianis sityviT aSkaraa, rom<br />
mefe vaxtangi da miqaeli erTmaneTs xelisuflebisTvis ebrZodnen 1 .<br />
sabolood, rogorc cnobilia, vaxtangma Tavis laSqarze (`spaze~)<br />
dayrdnobiT SeZlo moegvarebina eklesiasTan urTierToba, kerZod, man, Cans,<br />
moSala sparselebis mier dadgenili wesi, eklesias CamoarTva saqveyno
mmarTvelobis ufleba da daubruna mas Tavisi kanonieri uflebani, romelnic<br />
saeklesio krebaTa mier iyo dadgenili. am dros vaxtangisaTvis saWiro<br />
yofila eklesiis iseTi didi avtoritetebi, rogorebic iyvnen bizantiis<br />
imperiaSi arsebuli sapatriarqoebi. vaxtangma, Cans, qarTuli eklesia<br />
gamoiyvana siriul-sparsuli saeklesio sferodan da Seiyvana igi bizantiur<br />
saeklesio sferoSi. aq ar iglisxmeba iurisdiqcia. eklesiaSi Catarda udidesi<br />
reforma, kerZod, aRdgenili iqna simfoniuri urTierToba qarTul<br />
saxelmwifosa da erovnul eklesias Soris, romelic dairRva sparsTa<br />
batonobis Sedegad.<br />
maSasadame, mefe mirianis Semdeg eklesiasa da samefos Soris simfoniuri<br />
urTierToba arsebobda sparselebis Semosevamde, e.i. IV s-is 80-ian wlebamde,<br />
SemdegSi ki, vaxtang gorgaslis dros es darRveuli urTierToba, rogorc<br />
aRiniSna, aRdga. am dros, rogorc specialistebi aRniSnavdnen, qarTul<br />
eklesiaSi, iseve rogorc maxlobeli aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi (V-VI ss-Si),<br />
gamoiyeneboda e.w. siriul-romauli samarTali, romelic SemdegSi dakargula<br />
da vaxtang VI-s XVIII saukuneSi igi xelaxla uTargmnia. vaxtang gorgasalma,<br />
rogorc viciT, SemoiRo kaTalikosoba.<br />
`kaTalikozs mieca taxtad sveticxovlis taZari, iwodeboda kaTalikozad<br />
mcxeTisa da iveriisa TiTqmis 1400 wlis ganmavlobaSi... kaTalikoz-patriarqi<br />
mcxeTidan Tavisuflad ganagebda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio saqmeebs da angariSs<br />
aravis aZlevda. kaTalikozis xelqveiTTa morCilTa Seqmnes samefo samefoSi,<br />
rogorc Cans Zvel sigel-gujarebidan da vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignidan, im<br />
saxiTve, rogorc feodalebma dasavleT evropaSi. kaTalikozi iTvleboda<br />
sulier meufed qveynisa. mefe da kaTalikozi erTnairi pativiTa da uflebiT<br />
sargeblobdnen. Seuracxyofa kaTalikozisa udrida mefis Seuracxyofas. misi<br />
Semdegi ierarqiis sasuliero wevrni gaTanabrebulni iyvnen saero ierarqiis<br />
wevrebTan~ 371 .<br />
`gaZlierda da gavrcelda saero xasiaTi sasuliero wodebisa, amis<br />
ganmarteba unda veZioT xalxis gadaWarbebul sarwmunoebriv midrekilebaSi<br />
rogorc erTxel dasavleT evropaSi iyo~ 372 . `saeklesio glexni Tavisufalni<br />
iyvnen yoveli saero gadasaxadisagan~ 372 .<br />
`kaTalikozsa hyavda sakuTari mTavroba imave wesrigiT rogorc mefesa.<br />
spasalarebs, aTasis Tavebs, asis Tavebsa da sxva moxeleT TviT kaTalikozi<br />
niSnavda. omSi an Tavad kaTalikozi da episkoposni winamZRvrobdnen an<br />
spasalarni, rogorc dro da garemoeba moiTxovda. calke jarebs agrovebdnen,<br />
roca saWiro iyo episkoposni da monasterTa winamZRvarni da brZolis velze<br />
gahyavdaT da maTTan erTad Rvridnen sisxlsa~ 373 .<br />
k.kekeliZis TvalsazrisiT, ar SeiZleba kaTalikosobis SemoReba<br />
davukavSiroT qarTuli eklesiis mier avtokefaliis mopovebas, igi ar<br />
eTanxmeba am mxriv ivane javaxiSvils da wers: `prof. iv. javaxiSvili fiqrobs,<br />
rom kaTolikozobis SemoReba arsebiTad iyo iberiis gaTavisufleba ucxo<br />
eklesiaze damokidebulebisagan. `cnobilia is, rom aRmosavleTis qristianeTa<br />
Soris `kaTalikozi~ damoukidebeli eklesiis mTavari episkopozi da<br />
saWeTmpyrobelis aRmniSvneli wodeba iyo. maSasadame, vaxtang gorgaslisagan<br />
saqarTveloSi kaTalikozobis daweseba qarTuli eklesiis damoukideblobis<br />
dawesebad unda vigulisxmoT~, magram es Semcdari azria, kaTalikozobis<br />
SemoRebas araferi cvlileba ar mouxdenia iberiis eklesiis Tavis ierarqiul-
kanonikur damokidebulebaSi da, ase vTqvaT, saeklesioTaSoriso<br />
mdgomareobaSi, sityva `kaTalikozi~ aris berZnuli sityva da realurad<br />
niSnavs iseT episkopozs, romelsac gansazRvrul teritoriaze sxva<br />
episkopozebi ufrosad icnoben. Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi am sityviT<br />
aRiniSneba ara marto damoukidebeli eklesiis Tavi, aramed damokidebulebaSi<br />
myofic, ufro xSirad mitropoliti... ase yofila ara marto qarTul<br />
mwerlobaSi, aramed ucxo mwerlobaSic (somxeTSic `mitropoliti~<br />
iTargmneboda sityviT `kaTalikosi~), amnairad, Tu iberiis eklesiis Tavs<br />
`kaTalikozi~ daerqva, ara imitom, rom is ierarqiulad gaTavisuflda ucxo<br />
eklesiaze damokidebulebisagan, aramed imitom, rom ramdenime episkoposTa<br />
Soris iberiaSi is Seiqmna ufrosi, pirveli episkopozi `sazogado~, saerTo<br />
xelmZRvaneli yvela danarCenisa~ 374 .<br />
maSasadame, Tu es asea da sityva `kaTalikosis~ damkvidreba aRniSnavda ara<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis SemoRebas, aramed mxolod imas, rom am titulis<br />
matarebeli episkoposi gadaiqca, ufros, pirvel, `sazogado~ pirvelierarqad,<br />
maSin aRar unda ugulebelvyoT ruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweris, efrem<br />
mcires `moqcevai qarTlisais~ WeliSuri redaqciis monacemebi, romelnic<br />
sityva `kaTalikoziT~ moixsenieben qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs ukve IV<br />
saukunidan _ mirian mefidanve.<br />
wm. ninos `cxovrebis~ WeliSuri redaqciaSia: vaxtang gorgaslamde<br />
`gardacvalebul iyvnes mefeni aTni da kaTalikozni cametni~; maSasadame, misi<br />
avtoris TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebi iyvnen episkoposTa<br />
Soris pirvelni, Tavni, `sazogadoni~, Tumca ki SesaZloa, es termini<br />
`kaTalikozi~ marTlac V s-Si iqna SemoRebuli, magram am terminis<br />
damkvidrebamdec pirvelierarqs sxva episkoposebTan SedarebiT pirveloba<br />
hqonia mopovebuli, amitomac unda uwodebdes avtori IV s-is<br />
pirvelmRvdelmTavrebs _ `kaTalikozs~. aseve. amave TvalsazrisiT unda<br />
xmarobdes efrem mcirec am termins _ qarTuli ekelsiis dafuZnebisTanave<br />
pirvel ierarqs ukve hqonia tituli _ `kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi~, rac<br />
Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs ramdenime saepiskoposo kaTedris arsebobas. efrem<br />
mcire, romelic sagangebod ikvlevda qarTuli eklesiis kanonikur<br />
urTierTdamokidebulebas ucxo eklesiebTan, cxadia, termin<br />
`mTavarepiskopossa da kaTalikoss~ SemTxveviT ar ixmarda. eferm mcire Tavis<br />
TzulebaSi `uwyeba mizezTa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa~ wers: _ `saxelica<br />
movlinebulisa mis episkoposisa esreT povnil ars, viTarmed TviT evstaTi<br />
iyo antioqieli patriarqi, romelman daamyara eklesia igi, mirianis mier<br />
mcxeTas aRSenebuli da ukurTxa maT kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi~.<br />
ruis-urbnisis wmida krebis `Zegliswerac~ aseve kaTalikozad e.i.<br />
sazogado, sayovelTao episkoposad moixseniebs qarTuli eklesiis pirvelive<br />
meTaurs: `TviT patriarqTa Soris saxelganTqmulman evstaTi [325-330] xeliTa<br />
TvisiTa STadva safuZveli maSin sadme mcxeTas aRSenebulisa eklesiisa,<br />
...ganwmida igi da xeldasxmul-yo mas Sina maTTvis episkopozi-kaTalikosi~ 375 .<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, sityva `kaTalikosis~ xmareba efrem mcires, `ruisurbnisis<br />
krebis~, `moqcevais~ WeliSuri redaqciis mier miuTiTebs, rom Zveli<br />
qarTuli saeklesio istoriografiis TvalsazrisiT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi<br />
IV saukunidanve arsebobda ramdenime <strong>eparqia</strong>, ramdenime mmarTveli episkoposi,<br />
romelTa Soris pirveli ijda mcxeTaSi, mas hqonia tituli sayovelTao
`mTavarepiskoposisa~, Tumca ki es termini `kaTalikosi~ SesaZloa mas<br />
marTlac ar ewodeboda V saukunis Sua wlebamde.<br />
k.kekeliZe, rogorc cnobilia, fiqrobda, rom vaxtang gorgaslis<br />
saeklesio reformamde saqarTveloSi iyo erTi <strong>eparqia</strong> erTi episkoposiT,<br />
amitomac, TiTqosda iqamde `CvenSi `mTavarepiskoposi~ ar yofila~ 376 . wyaroTa<br />
mudmiv Cvenebas, rom CvenSi V s. II naxevramde eklesiis meTaurs hqonda wodeba<br />
`mTavarepiskoposi~, xsnis imiT, rom TiTqosda `moqcevai qarTlisai~<br />
ganurCevlad xmarobs sityvas `episkoposi~ da mTavarepiskoposi~ 377 . maSasadame,<br />
Tu Cveni eklesiis meTauri ioane konstantinopolidan meored Camosvlis<br />
Semdeg ixsenieba `mTavarepiskoposis~ tituliT da Semdeg erT momentSi kvlav<br />
`episkoposad~ (mag., WeliSuri variantiT wmida ninom gardacvalebis wina<br />
`Sehvedra iakob mRvdeli mefesa da episkopossa~), amitomac wyaros Cveneba<br />
ioanes mTavarepiskoposobis Sesaxeb sando araa, magram ra vuyoT maSin efrem<br />
mcires Cvenebas, romelic antioqiis patriarqs evstaTis _ `episkoposs~<br />
uwodebs, rogorc zemoT moyvanili citatidanac Cans. cxadia, zogadi<br />
TvalsazrisiT, patriarqica da mTavarepiskoposic _ episkoposebi arian,<br />
amitomac mematianes sruli ufleba aqvs isini episkoposebad moixsenios<br />
saWiroebis dros.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, mTlianad sandoa wyaroTa dabejiTebuli Cveneba, rom<br />
CvenSi kaTalikosobis dawesebamde iyo ramdenime episkoposi, ganvixiloT erTerTi.<br />
magaliTad, mefe mirianma sikvdilis win `davedra episkoposTa, raTa<br />
adidon dideba mis adgilisa~ (igulisxmeba wmida ninos samarxi 378 ).<br />
k.kekeliZe miiCnevs, rom `saqme gvaqvs cxad SecdomasTan, unda iyos<br />
`episkoposi~ da ara `episkoposni~, rac Cans zmnisagan `davedra~ (da ara<br />
`davedrna~)~ 379 . k.kekeliZe cdeba, radganac gvaqvs ara erTi zmna `davedra~,<br />
aramed meorec, romelic cxadad gadmocems mravlobiT formas _ esaa `adidon~<br />
(`davedra episkoposTa, raTa adidon dideba mis adgilisa~), maSasadame aq saqme<br />
ara gvaqvs SecdomasTan.<br />
aseve TvalnaTelia meore magaliTic, indoeTidan dabrunebul vaxtang<br />
mefes jer kidev kaTalikosobis dawesebamde Seegebnen qarTveli episkoposebi -<br />
`warmovida vaxtang qarTlad da miegeba Ze misi daCi da mis Tana yovelni<br />
spasalarni da maT Tana episkoposni~ 380 .<br />
k.kekeliZis azriT, iq igulisxmeba qristian episkoposTan erTad an<br />
mazdeanebis `episkoposi~ an ufro sworad, ori qristiani episkoposi, erTi<br />
eklesiis meTauri, meore saxlis, karis episkoposi~ 379 .<br />
Cveni azriT ki aq igulisxmeba mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli sxva<br />
episkoposebTan erTad, radganac gvaqvs sxva wyaroc, romelSic miqaeli Tavis<br />
mravalricxovan episkoposebTan erTad aris moxseniebuli, esaa Txzuleba<br />
`uwyeba petros mkawvrelisaTvis~, masSi naTqvamia, rom petre fuloni<br />
patriarqi antioqiisa, romelmac monofizitoba gaavrcela somxeTSi,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sazRvrebTan movida, TavisTan miiwvia qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi<br />
miqaeli, romelic marTlac mivida petre fulonTan, qvemo qarTlis mxares,<br />
adgil `kangarTan~, Tavis episkoposebTan erTad, romelTac Caqoles<br />
monofiziti patriarqi petre fuloni. `Seracxa maT simarTled kacis kvla<br />
igi~. kerZod, wyaroSi naTqvamia _ `SeWura miqael sulman wmidaman... warmovida<br />
mcxeTiT mis queSeTa episkoposTa da mRudelTa Tana da erisa morwmunisa da
moiwivnes queyanasa kangarisasa... maSin movida miqael kaTalikozi da<br />
Tayuanisca winaSe saydrisa mis petros mkawvrelisasa... STamozidna Zlierad<br />
da STamoiTria qveyanad, daakueTa da dasca qviTa... maSin yovelTa misTa<br />
dakribes mis zeda qua da esre dazvines qviTa da mokles mgeli igi~ 381 .<br />
SesaZloa es wyaro, rogorc k.kekeliZe wers, marTlac mogvianebiT iyos<br />
SeTxzuli, magram aqedan mainc Cans ZvalqarTuli saeklesio istoriografiis<br />
Tvalsazrisi, rom vaxtang gorgaslis droindeli mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli<br />
iyo mravali mis `queSe~ mdgomi episkoposis meTauri, sayovelTao maTTvis,<br />
amitomac wyaro uwodebs kidec miqaels `kaTalikozs~, rogorc amonaridi<br />
citatidan Cans.<br />
ueWveli wyaroa agreTve vaxtang gorgaslis `cxovrebis~ cnoba, rom<br />
siWabukisas vaxtangis mier mowveul TaTbirSi ori saepiskoposo taxti idga:<br />
`mouwoda yovelTa warCinebulTa qarTlisaTa, da Semokribna yovelni qalaqad<br />
da ganmzada mefeman saxli erTi da dajda saydarTa zeda maRalTa, xolo<br />
juanSer spaspeti da ornive episkoposni dasxdes saydarsve da sxvani yovelni<br />
erisTavni dasxdes selebiTa, da aTasis-Tavni da asis-Tavni da yovelni eri<br />
warmodges ze~ 382 .<br />
k.kekeliZis azriT, am ori episkoposidan erTia mTeli eklesiis meTauri,<br />
meore _ saxlis, karis episkoposi~ 383 , Tumca SesaZleblad miiCnevs, rom es<br />
meore aris mazdeanobis `episkoposi~.<br />
vaxtangis matianedan Cans, rom orive episkoposi aris Tanabari Rirsebisa<br />
erTmaneTis mimarT da, rac mTavaria, maTi Rirseba gaTanabrebulia spaspetis<br />
pativTan, radganac mxolod es sami piri dajda `saydarzed~, anu maRal<br />
skamebze, rangiT maTze dabali pativi aqvT erisTavebs, romelnic selebze<br />
dasxes, xolo `aTasis-Tavebi~ da sxvani arc ki dasxes, isini TaTbirs fexze<br />
mdgomni unda daswrebodnen. yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom eklesiis meTauri<br />
episkoposi da ueparqio _ karis episkopisi pativiTa da RirsebiT Tanabarni ar<br />
arian, amitomac maT mefis win Tanabari pativiT ar dasxamdnen sagangebo<br />
taxtebze, rogorc Cven gamokvleuli gvaqvs, aq unda igulisxmebodes<br />
prosparsuli orientaciis samRvdeloebis (episkoposebis frTis) meTauri da<br />
elinofiluri saepiskoposo frTis meTauri ori episkoposi. radganac<br />
saxelmwifosa da eklesiaSi orive frTa Tanabrad iyo gaZlierebuli vaxtangis<br />
siWabukisas, amitomac maT Tanabari pativi miages darbazobisas 384 .<br />
wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mowmobiT, kaTalikosobis daarsebamdec<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi arsebobda ramdenime <strong>eparqia</strong>, Sesabamisi saepiskoposo<br />
kaTedrebiT, romelTa Soris pirvels _ mTavarepiskoposis wodeba gaaCnda.<br />
k.kekeliZis azriT, kaTalikosobis daweseba vaxtang gorgaslis mier<br />
gamowveuli unda yofiliyo ara avtokefaliis mopovebiT, aramed qarTuli<br />
eklesiis _ viTarca erTi eparqiis mraval eparqiebad dayofiT. Cveni azriT,<br />
kaTalikosis wodebis SemoRebiT vaxtang gorgasals surda miqael<br />
mTavarepiskoposis saxelisuflebo Zalis damxoba. vaxtangma, Cans, saeklesio<br />
reforma ganaxorciela or etapad. pirvel etapze man daamarcxa prosparsuli<br />
orientaciis episkopati da maTi meTauri binqarani, proberZnuli orientaciis<br />
marTlmadidebeli miqael episkoposis daxmarebiT, meore etapze ki man<br />
daamarcxa miqael mTavarepiskoposi _ masze rangiT meti `petre kaTalikosis~<br />
bizantiidan SemoyvaniT. kaTalikos petres miqaelTan SedarebiT mefe uwodebs<br />
_ `umTavress~ `gesma umTavresisa Senisa qarTlad moyvaneba... vercxlis moyvare
xar Sen, rameTu Senca megvadruce xar qristesi~, ase mimarTavs mefe<br />
miqaels 385 .<br />
rogorc zemoTaa aRniSnuli, vaxtangamde da mis saeklesio reformamde<br />
kavkasiur qveynebSi sparseTis saxelmwifos nebiT eklesiis xelSi moeqca<br />
saero xelisuflebis didi nawili, amitomac, rogorc iTqva, qarTuli<br />
eklesiis meTauri glonoqori, qarTlisa da hereTis erisTavi, e.i. saero<br />
uzenaesi xelisufali iyo. somxuri wyaroebis Tanaxmad ki, eklesiis xelSi<br />
moeqca saxelmwifo Semosavlebis akrefis saqme. rogorc Cans, miqael<br />
mTavarepiskopisis xelT iyo saxelmwifo gadasaxadebis mokrebis saqme, rac<br />
Cans, qarTveli mefisaTvis, romelic sparsuli xelisfulebisagan Tavis<br />
daRwevas cdilobda, miuRebeli iyo. swored amitom unda exmara mefes<br />
miqaelis mimarT sityvebi `megvadruce~ da `vercxlismoyvare~. marTlac, Cveni<br />
macxovris ieso qristes saZmoSi saerTo salaro ebara iudas, igi iyo<br />
megvadruce. mefis azriT, aseve megvadruce anu Tanxis, salaros mepatronea<br />
miqaelic _ `aRegzen SuriT viTarca iuda petresiTa, rameTu Sen xar viTarca<br />
iuda, xolo eklesia _ viTarca petre~ 386 .<br />
bizantiaSi da mTel maSindel msoflioSi, vaxtangis Tvalwin<br />
mimdinareobda sapatriarqoebis (samamamTavroebis) warmoqmna _ mcire<br />
eklesiebis gaeTianebis gziT. Cans, amis gaTvaliswinebiT da msoflio<br />
eklesiaSi arsebuli situaciis gamoyenebiT vaxtangma Semoiyvana petre viTarca<br />
eklesiis `mamamTavari~ (rogorc `moqcevai qarTlisai~ uwodebs) sayovelTao<br />
episkoposi axlad gaerTianebuli da gamTlianebuli qveynis masStabiT, igi<br />
umTavresi unda yofiliyo miqaelzec. amiT, Cans, mefes surda SeezRuda anda<br />
saerTod gaeuqmebina sparselTa mier danergili wesi _ eklesiis mier saero<br />
xelisuflebis mniSvnelovani nawilis gangebisa, rasac miRwia mefem. iqamde ki,<br />
reformis pirvel etapze, rogorc iTqva, mefem daamarcxa prosparsuli<br />
orientaciis episkopati, swerda kidec amis Sesaxeb imperators _ `macduri<br />
binqaran mivec sapyrobilesa da sikvdilisagan gardaixvewa. man ukue moiyvana<br />
sparsni qarTlad da davsvi episkoposad miqael, kaci sarwmuno~ 387 .<br />
binqarani _ cxadia aris ara cecxlTayvanismcemeli, aramed qristiani<br />
episkoposi, romlis nacvlad mefem dasva episkoposad miqaeli, rogorc es<br />
konteqstidan Cans. binqaranis `cecxl-Tayvanismcemloba~ imiT gamoixateba, rom<br />
prosparsuli, albaT siro-sparsuli saeklesio orientaciis episkoposia da<br />
SesaZloa qristian-maniqevelTa frTasac ekuTvnoda.<br />
mTlianad gasaTvaliswinebelia k.kekeliZis mosazreba, rom `kaTolikozis<br />
tituli TavisTavad arc damoukideblobis momaswavlebelia da arc<br />
damokidebulebisa~ 388 , rom `kaTolikozobis SemoRebas araviTari cvlileba ar<br />
mouxdenia iberiis eklesiis Tavis ierarqiul-kanonikur damokidebulebaSi da<br />
ase vTqvaT saeklesiaTaSoriso mdgomareobaSi~.<br />
k.kekeliZis azriT, qarTul eklesias vaxtang gorgaslis dros<br />
avtokefalia ar moupovebia, amis damadasturebeli araviTari cnoba ar<br />
arsebobs.<br />
k.kekeliZis azriT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia konstantinopolis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong><br />
arasodes eqvemdebareboda, mis iurisdiqciaSi ar yofila: `miuRebelia is azri,<br />
viTomc iberebi konstantinopolis eklesias daeqvemdebarnen, vinaidan im dros,<br />
rodesac iberebma qristianoba miiRes, konstantinopolis sapatriarqo arc ki<br />
arsebobda, is isaxeba IV s-is bolos, meore msoflio krebis Semdeg, da
sabolood Camoyalibda V s-is bolos IV msoflio krebaze, manamde ki<br />
konstantinopolis episkoposi TviTon emorCileboda herakliis mitropolits<br />
mcire aziaSi~ 389 es mosazreba misaRebia. Cvenc, Cveni mxriv, mis<br />
gansamtkiceblad moviyvaneT Cveni argumentebi 390 .<br />
mTlianadaa gasaziarebeli k.kekeliZis meore mosazrebac, rom arc<br />
daarsebisas _ IV saukuneSi da arc Semdgom _ V-VI saukuneebSi qarTuli<br />
eklesia ar yofila antioqiis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> iurisdiqciis qveS. k.kekeliZe<br />
wers: `eWvi araa, rom VII saukunemde iberiis eklesias uSualo<br />
damokidebulebiTi kavSiri antioqiasTan ar hqonia, arc erTi sando cnoba da<br />
wyaro ar moipoveba iseTi, romelic adasturebdes aseT kavSirs. marTalia,<br />
aseTi Tqmulebebi arsebobs, magaliTad evstaTi antioqielisa da vaxtang<br />
gorgaslis drois Sesaxeb, magram es aris gamoZaxili mermindeli kavSirisa da<br />
ara Tavdapirvelisa~ 391 .<br />
marTalac, dRemde arc erTi sando cnoba anda wyaro antioqiis<br />
<strong>sapatriarqos</strong> iurisdiqciaSi qarTuli eklesiis yofnis Sesaxeb aRmoCenili ar<br />
aris, amitomac mTlianad unda gaviziaroT jer kidev XI saukuneSi giorgi<br />
mTawmindelis mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia arasodes<br />
Sedioda antioqiisa da arc erTi sxva ucxo eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, vinaidan<br />
Tavidanve avtokefaluri iyo, viTarca sxva mociqulTa mier daarsebuli<br />
eklesiebi Zvel msoflioSi (ix. `Teoriebi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
Sesaxeb 392 ). es sakiTxi gamowvlilviT gvaqvs gaanalizebuli amave wignis<br />
paragrafSi _ `antioqiis II saeklesio kreba~, romelSic iseve, rogorc<br />
paragrafSi `antioqiis pirveli saeklesio kreba~ araa gaziarebuli<br />
k.kekeliZisa da sxvaTa mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba TiTqosda VII saukunis<br />
Semdeg qarTuli eklesia Sevida antioqiis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> iurisdiqciaSi.<br />
rogorc v.goilaZem gaarkvia, efrem mciresa, nikon SavmTelisa da sxvaTa<br />
cnobebi, rom antioqiis patriarqma Teofilaqtem VIII s-Si avtokefalia mianiWa<br />
ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, aramed dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> im nawils,<br />
romelic VII s-is Semdeg Sevida konstantinopolis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong><br />
iurisdiqciaSi, xolo konstantinopolSi xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo gamovida<br />
am <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> iurisdiqciidan da Seecada kanonikuri gziT moepovebina<br />
Tavisufleba bizantiuri eklesiisagan, rasac miaRwia kidec VIII s-Si antioqiis<br />
patriarq Teofilaqtes mier. es sakiTxi ganxiluli gvaqvs paragrafSi<br />
`afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarseba~ 393 .<br />
k.kekeliZis azriT, qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave, IV, V da VI<br />
saukuneebSi - samasi wlis manZilze imyofeboda somxuri eklesiis<br />
iurisdiqciis qveS. igi wers: `eWvmiutanelia isic, rom Tavdapirvelad, meoTxe,<br />
mexuTe da meeqvse saukuneebSi, iberias somxebTan hqonda rogorc kulturuli,<br />
ise ierarqiuli kavSiri, romelic Sewyda VII saukunis damdegs~ 394 .<br />
am azrs ar eTanxmeba iv.javaxiSvili da sxva mecnierebi 395 . es sakiTxi<br />
ganxiululi gvaqvs aqve paragrafSi `dvinis saeklesio kreba~.<br />
k.kekeliZis azriT, qarTulma eklesiam avtokefalia moipova XI s-Si, iqamde<br />
igi VII saukunidan antioqiis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda, xolo<br />
IV-V da VI saukuneebSi somxur eklesias eqvemdebareboda rogorc<br />
kulturulad, ise ierarqiulad. es Tvalsazrisi CvenTvis miuRebelia, rac<br />
ganxilulia aqve, Sesabamis krebaTa ganxilvis dros.
Cven gvainteresebs saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi IV-V saukuneebSi, am<br />
dros qarTuli eklesiis samarTlis wyaros warmoadgenda ucxo eklesia da<br />
misi dadgenilebebi Tu adgilobrivi saeklesio krebaTa gadawyvetilebani. k.<br />
kekeliZis mosazrebiT: `iberiis eklesia maSin aRmocenda, rodesac msoflio<br />
eklesiis organizacia sabolood Camoyalibebuli ar iyo, es meoTxe krebaze<br />
moxda, maSin, IV saukunis naxevarSi mxolod safuZveli eyreboda am saqmes,<br />
amitom calkeuli saeklesio erTeulebi, ufro ki imperiis gareSe, e.w.<br />
`barbarosTa~ Soris, ganagrZobdnen arsebobas jer kidev `Zvelad miRebul<br />
CveulebaTa~ mixedviT (III msof. krebis II kanoni). am `CveulebaTa ZaliT,<br />
rodesac erTi romelime eri meorisagan qristianobas miiRebda, saeklesiosarwmunoebriv<br />
saqmeSi misi xelmZRvanelobis qveS rCeboda, sanam TviT am erSi<br />
ar Seiqmneboda iseTi pirobebi, romelnic SesaZleblad gaxdidnen iq<br />
damoukidebels, uzrunvel cxovrebas. ase unda momxadriyo ueWvelad<br />
iberiaSic. Cvens saistorio mwerlobaSi iberiis saeklesiaTaSoriso<br />
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb aseTi azria: qristianobis miRebidanve iberiis eklesia<br />
sxva eklesias daemorCila da TandaTan saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi is<br />
Tavisuflebas poulobda~ 396 .<br />
rogorc vxedavT, k.kekeliZis TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli eklesia ucxo<br />
eklesias, somxurs, unda daqvemdebareboda III msoflio krebis II kanonis<br />
ZaliT, romelSic naxsenebia winadadeba `Zvel CveulebaTa mixedviT~, TiTqosda<br />
Zveli Cveulebis Zala aseT daqvemdebarebas moiTxovda. III msoflio krebis II<br />
kanonSi msgavsi araferia naTqvami, aRniSnuli winadadeba Cven gvxvdeba II<br />
msoflio krebis II kanonSi. es kanoni brZanebs: `warmarTTa Soris arsebuli<br />
ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis<br />
mixedviT~ 397 .<br />
sinamdvileSi ra igulisxmeba `mamaTa mier dawesebul Zvel kanonebSi~ amis<br />
gasarkvevad albaT gamodgeba II msoflio krebamde Catarebuli laodikiis<br />
krebis 21-e kanoni, romelSic swored aRniSnuli winadadebaa naxsenebi: _<br />
`episkoposi erTi samwysodan nu gadava sxva samwysoSi, nurc Tavisi nebiT,<br />
nurc mrevlis iZulebiT, nurc episkoposTa nebiT, aramed darCes im eklesiaSi,<br />
romelSic RvTis nebiT Tavidan iyo arCeuli da nu Seicvlis adgils mamaTa<br />
mier adre miRebuli dadgenilebisamebr~ 397 .<br />
`didi sjulis kanonis~ xelnawerSi, laodikiis krebis 21-e kanonis qveS,<br />
ganmartebulia Tu ra igulisxmeba `mamaTa mier adre miRebul<br />
dadgenilebebSi~, kerZod, xelnawerSi ganmartebulia _ mis arSiazea minaweri:<br />
`nikeis me-16 kanons gulisxmobs~ 398 .<br />
nikeis I msoflio krebis rogorc me-15, ise me-16 kanoni sastikad krZalavs<br />
erTi eparqiidan meoreSi sasuliero piris, maT Soris episkoposis gagzavnas,<br />
kerZod, me-15 kanonSi naTqvamia: `wmida krebas miaCnia, sruliad moispos zog<br />
mxareSi damkvidrebuli ukanono Cveuleba da qalaqidan qalaqSi ar<br />
gadadiodes arc episkoposi, arc mRvdeli, arc diakoni. Tu vinmem am didi<br />
krebis dadgenilebis Semdeg xeli mihyos aseT saqmes, sruliad daumtkicebeli<br />
iyos mis mier mopovebuli da gadayenebul iqnes, ginda episkoposad iyos<br />
xeldasxmuli da ginda mRdvlad~ 399 .<br />
am da sxva kanonebis ZaliT, Tuki vTqvaT somexTa kaTalikosma IV s-Si<br />
Tavisi diakoni akurTxa sxva, kerZod, qarTuli eklesiis episkoposad,<br />
daurRvevia nikeis krebis aRniSnuli kanonebi da igi unda gadaeyenebinaT,
maSasadame, `iob somexi~, romelic odesRac diakvnad yofila somxeTSi,<br />
saqarTveloSi somexTa kaTalikoss ki ar dauyenebia episkoposad, aramed es<br />
piri diakvnisave xarisxiT, Tavisi nebiT Camosula qarTlSi, aq ki igi Tavisi<br />
piradi damsaxurebis gamo qarTvel episkoposebs jer ukurTxebiaT<br />
episkoposad, Semdeg ki eklesiis meTauradac dausvams adgilobriv saxelmwifo<br />
xelisuflebas. swored ase unda ganvixiloT nikeis krebis aRniSnuli kanoni,<br />
sxvagvar qmedebas kreba krZalavs. TiTqmis igivea me-16 kanonic: `..Tu vinmem<br />
sxvisi moyvasis gadmobireba da Tavis eklesiaSi xeldasxma gabedos im<br />
episkoposis Tanxmobis gareSe, romlisganac kanonis mier ganCinebuli piri<br />
wamosulia, daumtkicebeli iyos misi xeldasxma~ 400 .<br />
am kanonis ZaliT, iob diakons saqarTveloSi mosvlis dros Tan unda<br />
hqonoda somexi kaTalikosis Tanxmoba, misi sxva <strong>eparqia</strong>Si wasvlis nebarTva.<br />
es cxadia ar niSnavs, rom iobi SemdegSic somexTa kaTalikoss<br />
eqvemdebareboda. safiqrebelia, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias episkoposTa kreba<br />
warmarTavda, eklesiis meTauris, anu mTavarepiskoposis meTaurobiT, rogorc<br />
amas moiTxovda nikeis krebis me-4 kanoni. episkoposTa krebis gareSe (e.i. Tuki<br />
eklesiaSi ar iyo ramdenime episkoposi) aseTi eklesia arc ki CaiTvleba<br />
eklesiad, anu `saeklesio samTavrod~ _ `episkoposi unda daadginos samTavros<br />
yvela episkoposma~ (me-4 kanoni), anda `TiToeul samTavroSi weliwadSi orjer<br />
Catardes episkoposTa kreba, rom mTeli samTavros episkoposTa saerTo<br />
Sekrebaze aseTi sadavo saqme ganxilul iqnes~ (me-5 kanoni); Tuki qarTul<br />
eklesiaSi mxolod erTi episkoposi iyo, rogorc k.kekeliZe wers, maSin igi<br />
arc ki yofila organizaciulad Camoyalibebuli da mxolod sxva eklesiis<br />
nawili yofila, radganac eklesiis arsebobas mxolod episkoposTa kreba<br />
ganapirobebda.<br />
`mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebi~, rogorc iTqva, naxsenebia meore<br />
msoflio krebis me-2 kanonSi, romelic mtkiced icavs eklesiaTa<br />
TavisTavadoba-avtokefalias: `...TiToeul samTavros (<strong>eparqia</strong>s) ganagebs amave<br />
samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis Tanaxmad, xolo warmarTTa<br />
Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli<br />
Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~ 401 . rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, imave kanonSi naTqvamia<br />
_ `eklesiaTa keTilad ganmartebisa da mSvidobisaTvis arc erT episkoposs<br />
ara aqvs ufleba gascdes Tavis eklesiis sazRvrebs da SeiWras sxva eklesiis<br />
sazRvrebSi, raTa ar moaxdinos eklesiebis aRreva. kanonTa Tanaxmad<br />
aleqsandriis episkoposi unda ganagebdes mxolod egviptis eklesiebs,<br />
aRmosavleTis episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod aRmosavleTis eklesiebs.<br />
daculi unda iyos nikeis kanonebiT dawesebuli pativi antioqiis eklesiisa.<br />
aziis soflebis episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod aziis eklesiebs,<br />
pontouli episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod pontos eklesiebs, xolo<br />
Trakiis episkoposni _ mxolod Trakiis eklesiebs. episkoposi ar unda gavides<br />
Tavisi samrevlo eklesiis farglebidan xeldasxmisaTvis an sxva raime<br />
saeklesio gangebisaTvis mowodebisagan an miwvevis gareSe~ 402 .<br />
aq sruliad gasagebadaa naTqvami, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mezoblad<br />
avtokefaluri iyo pontos, Trakiis, `asiis~, `aRmosavleTis~ eklesiebi, Tu<br />
aRaras vityviT, antioqiisa da aleqsandriis eklesiebze. II msoflio krebis<br />
droisaTvis da mis Semdegac IV saukunesa da V saukunis dasawyisSi imperiaSi<br />
mravali avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda, rogorc cnobili kanonistebi s.
troicki da a. kartaSevi ganmartaven. amitomac, rogorc zemoT moyvanili<br />
kanonebic uCveneben, swored is iyo akrZaluli, rac k.kekeliZis sityviT<br />
TiTqosda CvenSi iyo damkvidrebuli: viTomda erTi ucxo eklesia ganagebda<br />
meores da es ukanaskneli ki Tavs ver ixsnida. meoTxe saukuneSi aseTi<br />
urTierTdamokidebuleba akrZaluli iyo. mxolod Semdgom, rogorc ganmartavs<br />
a.kartaSevi, kerZod, ki V saukunis Semdeg, did sapatriarqoTa Camoyalibebis<br />
kvaldakval imperiaSi iqamde arsebuli 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesiis<br />
gaerTianebis Sedegad imperiaSi Camoyalibda 6 avtokefaluri eklesia _<br />
konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis, romisa da<br />
kviprosisa 403 .<br />
radganac IV-V saukuneebSi imperiaSi arsebobda mravali avtokefaluri<br />
eklesia, romelTa avtokefaliasac icavda saeklesio kanonebi, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiac ar unda yofiliyo gamonaklisi da igi iseTive uflebebis<br />
matarebeli unda yofiliyo, rogorc sxva mociqulTa mier daarsebuli<br />
eklesiebi qristianul msoflioSi, rogorc amas miuTiTebs wmida giorgi<br />
mTawmideli. amitomac saeklesio samarTlis wyaros adgilobrivi saeklesio<br />
ierarqia da saxelmwifo xelisufleba warmoadgenda da, Sesabamisad, misi<br />
samarTlis wyaro ar yofila konstantino-poleli an antioqieli ierarqebis<br />
dadgenilebani, igi imarTeboda msoflio eklesiaSi imJamad arsebuli<br />
kanonebis mixedviT.<br />
2. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi dvinis krebidan ruis-urbnisis krebamde (VI-XI)<br />
VI saukuneSi udidesi mniSvnelobis gardatexa moxda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
politikur da saeklesio cxovrebaSi, kerZod, dasustda da TandaTanoboT<br />
gauqmda erovnuli saxelmwifoebrioba, saqarTvelo sparseTis da bizantiis<br />
xeldebul teritoriebad gadaiqca. farnavazian-xosroianTa aTaswlovani<br />
qarTuli samefo dinastia sparselTa mier idevneboda. VII saukuneSi es<br />
dinastia kvlav idevneboda ukve arabTa mier. qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba<br />
sabolood moiSala. centraluri xelisufleba Zalze dasustda, moiSala<br />
saero-administraciuli mmarTveloba kuTxeebSic. gaCnda xelisuflebis<br />
deficiti, ramac cxadia samarTlebriv qaossa da ganukiTxaobas Seuwyo xeli.<br />
am dros, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, qarTulma eklesiam miiRo axali<br />
funqciebi. igi Seecada wesierebis, samarTlisa da wesrigis kerad<br />
gadaqceuliyo adgilebze, calkeul saepiskopoebsa da mxareebSi. VIII-IX<br />
saukuneebSi qarTul eklesiis saero sammarTvelo Tvisebebi gansakuTrebiT<br />
gamoikveTa.<br />
amis Sedegia is uCveulo samarTlebrivi Tvisebebi, romlebic daaxasiaTa<br />
ivane javaxiSvilma: `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias saxelmwifo cxovrebasa da weswyobilebaSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli upiratesobani hqonda mopovebuli, msgavsad
omis eklesiisa. amiT igi ara mxolod saeklesio dawesebuleba iyo, aramed<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulisa da saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulis Tvisebebis mqone.<br />
Cveni eklesiis aRniSnul ufleba-upiratesobaTa Sesaxeb cnobebis miReba<br />
mxolod sigel-gujrebidan SeiZleba. am sabuTebSi mravali cnoba exeba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis kaTalikos-patriarqis centraluri sammarTvelos<br />
organizacias~ 404 .<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias Tavisi marTva-gamgeoba<br />
mowyobili hqonda `saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis wesebze~. qarTul eklesias<br />
hqonda Tavisi sasamarTlo, Tavisi ekonomikuri politika, hyavda sakuTari<br />
jari da Tavisi ymebi, amasTanave, moepoveboda saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis<br />
wesebze mowyobili moxeleoba, amitom bevris mxriv saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis<br />
Tvisebebi etyoboda 405 .<br />
mecnieris sityviT, qarTuli saeklesio samarTali warmonaSobia qarTuli<br />
eklesiis, viTarca saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis yofa-cxovrebidan, am mxriv,<br />
qarTuli saeklesio samarTali ufro miagavs romis eklesiis `Corpus ιuris<br />
caninici~-s, vidre berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio samarTals, aseve, msgavsad<br />
amisa, qarTuli eklesia Tavisi wes-wyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis<br />
saSualo saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da<br />
rusTa eklesiebs 406 .<br />
qarTuli saeklesio samarTali maSin daemgvana dasavlurs, roca romis<br />
eklesia marTlmadidebluri aRmsareblobisa iyo – VII-X saukuneebSi. kidev<br />
erTxel gadavxedoT, Tu rogori politikuri viTareba iyo saqarTveloSi VII-<br />
X ss-ebSi. am dros saqarTvelo viTarca erTiani qveyana ar arsebobda, igi<br />
daSlili iyo teritoriebad, calkeul kuTxeebad, romlebSic, mxolod VIII-IX<br />
saukuneebSi daiwyo formireba kuTxurma qarTulma saxelmwifoebrivma<br />
erTeulebma – afxazTa, qarTvelTa, kaxTa da herTa samefoebis saxiT,<br />
politikur-administraciuli centri Tbilisi arabTa saamiros dedaqalaqad<br />
iyo gadaqceuli, qvemo qarTlSi monofizituri somxuri eklesiis gabatonebis<br />
Sedegad – e.w. `somexTa samefo~ (taSir Zoraketisa) Camoyalibda.<br />
axalCamoyalibebul qarTul saxelmwifoebriv erTeulebze Tavisi didi<br />
samarTlebrivi gavlena moipova qarTulma eklesiam. amis erT-erT mkafio<br />
magaliTad, romelsac qvemoT SevexebiT, migvaCnia qorepiskoposTa saeklesio<br />
institutis mier kaxeT-hereTis samefos formirebaSi gaweuli udidesi Rvawli,<br />
agreTve serapion zarzmelis cxovrebaSi moxmobili faqti imisa, rom samcxis<br />
episkoposma giorgim daawynara Tavis <strong>eparqia</strong> _ samTavroSi didebulTa Soris<br />
atexili mravalwliani dava, samarTlebrivi sasjeli daado didebulebs (TviT<br />
mamulebis CamorTmeviTac ki) da uwesrigobasa da qaosSi Caflul<br />
mosaxleobaSi daamyara wesrigi `dascxres, dadumnes SfoTni da uwesrigobani~.<br />
imJamindel zogierT marTmadidebel qveyanaSic aseve moipova eklesiam<br />
uzenaesi samarTlebrivi funqcia, kerZod, rogorc v. cipini wers – `Sua<br />
saukuneebSi evropul dasavleTSi kaTolikuri eklesiis wiaRSi, nawilobriv<br />
netari avgustines Txzulebis `saRmrTo qalaqis~ gavleniTac `ori maxvilis~<br />
doqtrina Seiqmna, romlis mixedviTac orive xelisufleba _ saeklesioc da<br />
saxelmwifoc, erTi uSualod, meore ki SuamavlobiT, romis eklesiidan<br />
momdinareobs. Sua saukuneebis saero xelmwifeni papis vasalebad iTvlebodnen.<br />
papebi TavianT Tavs ara mxolod imperatorebisa da mefeebis kurTxevis, aramed<br />
maTi taxtidan Camogdebis uflebasac ki aZlevdnen. kaTolikuri doqtrinis
ganviTarebam papebis saero principatisa da maTi saeklesio da saero<br />
xelisuflebis absoluturobis Sesaxeb xeli Seuwyo im garemoebas, rom Sua<br />
saukuneebis dasavleTis pirveli imperatori karlos didi, bizantieli<br />
basilevsebisagan gansxvavebiT, romaeli imperatorebis pirdapiri memkvidre ar<br />
iyo, saimperatoro gvirgvini papma daadga ra, misi saxiT, rogorc mraval<br />
`barbaros~ mefeTagan erT-erTs, romis imperatoris tituli mianiWa.. saero<br />
xelmwifeTa winaaRmdeg brZolebSi papebis mZlavri iaraRi interdati iyo,<br />
romelic ama Tu im qveyanaSi RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebas manamde krZalavda,<br />
sanam qveSevrdomebi papis mier gankveTil TavianT monarqs ar Camoagdebdnen,<br />
magram TavianT prioritetis dasacavad papebi da kaTolike episkoposebi<br />
SeiaraRebuli Zalis gamoyenebasac mimarTavdnen, Sedegad kaTolikuri<br />
eklesiis etatizireba moxda, papebi sruluflebiani monarqebi iyvnen italiis<br />
mniSvnelovani nawilis, e.w. papis olqisa, romlis naSTsac Tanamedrove<br />
vatikani warmoadgens. mravali episkoposi (gansakuTrebiT, germaniaSi) Tavadi<br />
iyo, romelTac TavianT teritoriaze xelisuflebasa da jarze<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi iurisdiqcia hqondaT brZolebSi sxva episkoposebis,<br />
hercogebis, markgrafebis, damoukidebeli qalaqebis, mefeebis da TviT<br />
imperatorebis winaaRmdegac ki winamZRolebad gamodiodnen 407 .~<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia, rogorc aRiniSna, VI-X saukuneebSi, imyofeboda<br />
gansakuTrebul pirobebSi. VI saukunis Semdeg, moryeuli saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
dros, maSin, roca kanonierebis da marTlwesrigis damcvels saxelmwifo aRar<br />
warmoadgenda, xolo, Semoseuli mteri ver amyarebda wesrigs, piriqiT, iwvevda<br />
samarTlebriv qaoss, kuTxeebsa da olqebSi saero didkacebi araTu icavdnen<br />
samarTalsa da kanonierebas, aramed erTmaneTs samkvdro-sasicocxlod<br />
ebrZodnen. amis gamo, rogorc Cveni samarTalmcodneebi weren, sazogadod<br />
mTel qveyanaSi, kerZod ki tao-klarjeTis `samTavroSi sasuliero<br />
xelisufleba didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda da did Zalas warmoadgenda<br />
qveynis cxovrebaSi. am dros, sasuliero xelisufleba cdilobs kidec<br />
upiratesobis cxovrebaSi. am dros, sasuliero xelisufleba cdilobs kidec<br />
upiratesobis mopovebas saeroze~ 1 . m. lorTqifaniZis azriT, ara mxolod taoklarjeTSi,<br />
aramed mTel qveyanaSi (saqarTveloSi) - `eklesia did Zalad<br />
iqceva, is, saerTod, qveynis mmarTvelobis xelSi Cagdebas lamobs. Widili<br />
saeklesio da saero-samoqalaqo xelisuflebas Soris, sabolood ukanasknelis<br />
gamarjvebiT mTavrdeba~ 408 . afxazTa samefoSic eklesias didi Zala unda<br />
hqonoda mopovebuli. araa SemTxveviTi, rom konstantinopolis patriarqma<br />
nikoloz mistikosma werilobiT sTxova giorgi mefes daecva bizantielebTan<br />
megobrobis siwmide 409 .<br />
ivane javaxiSvili `bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignis~ ganxilvis<br />
dros aRniSnavs, rom bagratis samarTlidan aRbuRas kanonebSi Setanili aris<br />
zogierTi muxli. magaliTad, `meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianTa<br />
sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ (iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani 12 tomad, tomi VI,<br />
1982, gv. 88). am muxlebis ZiriTadi nawili umefobis dros, kerZod, VII-IX<br />
saukuneebSia Sedgenili. `am muxlebSi episkoposi da, sazogadod,<br />
samRvdeloeba srul batonadaa gamoyvanili, maT winaaRmdeg mefe uZluria,<br />
araferi SeuZlia, amitom samive es muxli (101, 102, 103-e aRbuRas samarTlisa)<br />
iseT xanas unda ekuTvnodes, roca samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi sruli batoni<br />
iyo da saero mTavrobaze maRla eWira Tavi, ese igi daviT aRmaSeneblis
uwinaresi xanisa unda iyos. swored am dros iyvnen monazvnebi batonad da<br />
mTavris mowvevis baraTze pasuxad SeeZloT SeeTvalaT, bers SenTan `ara<br />
hnebavs mosvlao...~ am dros beri-arqimandriti imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom<br />
Tavisuflad mefes satrfos arTmevda, monasterSi hketavda, aseT xanaSi<br />
daadgendnen: `rac unda Sescodos episkoposma, moZRvarma, mRvdelma Tu<br />
monazonma mefeso, mainc xeli ar axloTo, imitom rom meore mefe episkoposi<br />
aris, arca mefesa sjulisa saqme aqvso~ 410 . iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, aRniSnuli<br />
kanonebi `ufro IX saukunis sazogadoebrivi azris gamomxatvelia. kanonTa es<br />
muxlebi TiTqos ufro bagrat I kurapalatis droindeli gamodis~ 411 .<br />
`n. maris azriT, bizantiaSi xatmebrZolobis epoqaSi `erT mxares idgnen<br />
umaRlesi saero moxeleebi da episkoposebi, romelnic imis momxreni iyvnen,<br />
rom imperators Tvalyuri edevnebina eklesiisaTvis da waremarTa kidec misi<br />
saqmianoba, xolo meore mxares idgnen berebi... isini im mosazrebiT<br />
xelmZRvanelobdnen, rom saero xelisufleba ar unda ereodes sasuliero<br />
wodebis saqmeSi. es mimarTuleba damarcxda bizantiaSi. saqarTveloSi,<br />
mesxeTSi ki, piriqiT, n. maris azriT, gaimarjva meore mimarTulebam. aq,<br />
eklesiis meTaurebi `Zlier Zalad grZnoben Tavs da eklesiis<br />
damoukideblobas saero xelisuflebisagan gaSmagebiT icavdnen~ 412 .<br />
g. nadareiSvilis azriT, maSindel mesxeTSi sasuliero pirebi,<br />
gansakuTrebiT, berebi, did Zalas warmoadgendnen, arcTu iSviaTad, isini<br />
Tavis damoukideblobas saero xelisuflebis winaSe warmatebiT usvamdnen<br />
xazs. giorgi merCules moTxrobili aqvs, Tu rogor SeZlo klarjeTis<br />
udabnoTa arqimandritma grigol xanZTelma guaram mamfalis survilis<br />
winaaRmdeg arsenis kaTalikosad datoveba. saba iSxneli bagrat kurapalatis<br />
mier weriliT dabarebuli urCobas iCens da ar cxaddeba mis winaSe...<br />
sasuliero pirebi, araiSviaTad, saeklesio xelisuflebis saxelmwifo<br />
xelisuflebis winaSe upiratesobasac ki usvamdnen xazs. isini TiTqos<br />
Teoriuladac asabuTebdnen samRvdeloebis upiratesobas, saero mTavrobasTan<br />
SedarebiT~ 412 .<br />
n. mari werda: `Zvel saqarTveloSi saero da sasuliero Zala-uflebis<br />
erToba warmoadgenda udavo faqts~ 413 . eklesiis xelSi saero da sasuliero<br />
Zalauflebis Tavmoyris tradiciul gadmonaSTad n. mars miaCnda WyondidelmwignobarTuxucesis<br />
Tanamdeboba. moZRvarTa instituts iseTive didi<br />
mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTveloSi, rogoric vardapets somxeTSi.<br />
gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans eklesiis avtoriteti da Zala kaxeTis<br />
samTavros (samefos) Camoyalibebis saqmeSi. am dros eklesia faqtobrivad<br />
marTavda kaxeTs qorepiskoposis institutis meSveobiT. `kaxeTis saeklesio<br />
ierarqiaSi arsebobs qorepiskoposis Tanamdeboba. qorepiskoposi Tavis<br />
Tavdapirveli SinaarsiT sofluri dasaxlebis, mxaris episkoposis<br />
xelisuflebis gamtareblad gamodis, wanarTa qorepiskoposma Cans, TandaTan,<br />
feodalizaciis procesis Sesabamisad miitaca saero xelisufleba, saero da<br />
sasuliero xelisuflebis erTi piris xelSi gaerTianebis aseTi tradicia<br />
ucxo ar aris <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mTianeTis mosaxleobisaTvis. niSandoblivia, rom<br />
es tendencia xevis mosaxleobasac axasiaTebs, rac amjerad gansakuTrebiT<br />
sainteresoa, radgan wanarTa Tavdapirveli sacxovrisi, rogorc cnobilia,<br />
swored am raionSia sagulvebeli. wanarTa politikur eqspansias wanarTa<br />
qorepiskoposis kaxeTis mmarTvel qorepiskoposad transformacia mohyva
Sedegad~ 414 . sasuliero xelisufali qorepiskoposi kaxeTSi gadaiqca<br />
uvrcelesi samefos (samTavros) – saero mmarTvel uzenaes xelisuflad. Tumca<br />
ukve IX saukunisaTvis, rogorc fiqroben, mas daukargavs sasuliero funqcia<br />
da mxolod saero darCenia. sasuliero xelisufali _ kaxeTis saero mTavrad<br />
gadaiqca 415 .<br />
msgavseba, romelic ivane javaxiSvilma SeniSna, dasavlur (evropul) da<br />
qarTul eklesiaTa Soris am mxriv saxezea, magram aqve isic unda aRiniSnos,<br />
rom swored aRniSnul epoqaSi, anu VII-VIII saukuneebSi bizantieli<br />
imperatorebi da, maSasadame, saero xelisufleba mwvaleblebi (ZiriTadad,<br />
xatmebrZolebi) iyvnen, devnidnen marTlmadidebel eklesias, amitomac<br />
bizantiaSi eklesia araTu saero xelisuflebis SeTvisebis, piriqiT, devnis<br />
procesSi iyo. misi eklesiuri xelisuflebac ki dasustebuli iyo. piriqiT,<br />
saimperatoro xelisufleba cdilobda sasulieros miTvisebasa da masze<br />
gabatonebas.<br />
bizantiuri azrovnebis Tanaxmad, maTi qveyana warmoadgenda imave romis<br />
imperias, xolo bizantieli imperatorebi Zveli romaeli imperatorebis<br />
pirdapir memkvidreebs, aqedan gamomdinare, maT hqondaT uzenaesi uflebebi<br />
rogorc saero, ise sasuliero xelisuflebis mimarT, da hqondaT Sesabamisi<br />
titulaturac. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSic Seiqmna doqtrina, romlis<br />
mixedviTac axali qarTuli samefo dinastia bagrationebisaO (aRzevebuli Cans<br />
qarTuli eklesiis xelSewyobiT) miiCneoda daviTis (israelis cxebuli mefis)<br />
memkvidred. qarTuli eklesiis udidesi moZRvari grigol xanZTeli ase<br />
mimarTavs am dinastiis fuZemdebels - `daviT winaswarmetyvelisa da uflisa<br />
mier cxebulisa Svilad wodebulo xelmwifeo, mefoba da saTnoebanica misi<br />
dagimkvidren qristeman RmerTman, romlisaTvisca amas mogaxseneb, ara<br />
moakldes mTavroba SvilTa SenTa da naTesavTa maTTa qveyanaTa amaT<br />
ukunisamde JamTa, aramed iyvnen igini mtkiced ufrois kldeTa myarTa da<br />
mTaTa saukuneTa da didebul iyvnen ukunisamde~ 416 . am formuliT bagrationma<br />
mefeebma (IX saukuneSi) Tavisi adgili moipoves saeklesio samarTlis sferoSi.<br />
qarTvel bagrationTa `qristes naTesaobisa~ da `daviTis Zeobis~ Sesaxeb<br />
icodnen bizantiaSic, rogorc iuwyeba konstantine porfirogeneti.<br />
qarTuli doqtrinis Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebis<br />
wyaro ufalia, bagrationebi uflis cxebulis Svilad wodebulebi arian,<br />
eklesiis Tavi ki ufalia. eklesia misi qveyniuri nawilia, aqedanaa qarTuli<br />
simfonia saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris. eklesia da saero xelisufleba<br />
saqarTveloSi simfoniur kavSirSi iyvnen. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia iyo<br />
damoukidebeli, avtokefaluri, mas ar hyavda e.w. kiriarqaluri eklesia, anu<br />
eklesia, romelsac igi emorCileboda, aqedan gamomdinare, misTvis ar idga<br />
saWiroeba romelime ucxo eklesiis patriarqs, krebaTa dadgenilebas Tu<br />
sinods damorCileboda, aResrulebina maTi dadgenilebani, Tumca ki cxadia<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia xelmZRvanelobda imave sjuliskanoniT, romliTac<br />
marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri eklesiebi. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis saeklesio<br />
kanonikuri samarTlis wyaros warmoadgenda sakuTari eklesiis krebaTa da mis<br />
meTaurTa dadgenilebani 417 .<br />
cxadia, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias arc erTi ucxo patriarqi da arc bizantiis<br />
imperatori ugzavnida sagangebo sigelebs, mimarTuls qarTuli saeklesio<br />
sakiTxebisadmi.
uis-urbnisis krebamde da mis Semdgomac qarTuli eklesiis saeklesio<br />
samarTlis wyaros warmoadgenda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebi da sxva<br />
adgilobrivi wyaroebi, dadgenilebani. amis dasturi aris javaxeTSi<br />
mowveuli saeklesio kreba, romelmac sruliad damoukideblad gadawyvita<br />
Cveni eklesiis iseTi mniSvnelovani saeklesio-kanonikuri sakiTxi, rogoricaa<br />
misi meTauris – kaTalikosis gamorCeva da misi aRsaydreba.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, bizantiis imperiaSi, bizantiuri samarTlebrivi<br />
Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisad, imperatorTa Zalaufleba vrceldeboda yvela<br />
marTlmadidebel xalxze, miT umetes TviTon bizantiur eklesiebze 418 .<br />
saqarTveloSi am bizantiur Tvalsazriss ar aRiarebdnen, marTalia, did<br />
pativs miagebdnen bizantiis imperators, magram saqarTveloSi msgavsi<br />
uflebebi eniWeboda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefesa da darbazis kars, romelic (es<br />
ukanaskneli) scemda kidec, mematianeTa sityviT, eklesiaTa mimarT Sesabamis<br />
wesebs (es sakiTxi Semdgom paragrafSia ganxiluli). saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
qarTuli eklesia did winaaRmdegobas uwevda bizantiel imperatorebs.<br />
magaliTad, roca bizantiis imperatori basili II bulgarTmmusvreli Semovida<br />
saqarTveloSi bizantiuri TvalsazrisiT samarTlebrivi saqmis – daviT<br />
kurapalatis anderZis aRsasruleblad, rasac mohyva bizantielTa mier<br />
samxreT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> okupacia, qarTulma eklesiam udidesi winaaRmdegoba<br />
(Zalismieri – samxedro) gauwia momxvdurebs da imperatoris winaaRmdeg<br />
samamulo oms Caudga saTaveSi, kerZod, qarTveli episkoposebi: saba mtbevari<br />
da ezra anCeli. es ise moulodneli iyo, rom bizantiis umaRlesi wreebi<br />
(rogorc saero, ise sasuliero) qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg ganewyvnen<br />
imdenad, rom qarTvelTa `marTlmadideblobaSic~ ki eWvi Seitanes, bizantiaSi<br />
mcxovrebi qarTveli moqalaqeebisa da gansakuTrebiT ki bizantiaSi arsebuli<br />
qarTuli monastrebis berebis ukiduresi devna daiwyes (aTonis iverTa<br />
monasterSi, antioqiasa da sxvagan) 419 .<br />
amJamindel saeklesio samarTalSi arsebobs orgvari Sefaseba<br />
TviTmpyrobeli imperatoris rolisa. pirveli _ amJamad ufro aRiarebuli<br />
Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad, imperatorebis (ruseTSi mefeebis) mier eklesiis<br />
meTauroba, Tuki aseTi gamonaklisi arsebobda, miiCneva e.w. `cezaro-papizmad~<br />
da miuReblad. meore Tvalsazriss aviTarebdnen revoluciamdeli rusi<br />
samarTalmcodneebi (amJamad ki ZirTadad `sazRvargareTis rusuli eklesiis~<br />
Teologebi), romlis mixedviTac bizantiel da maT `memkvidre~ rus<br />
imperatorebs ekisrebodaT udidesi zedamdgomlobiTi uflebebi eklesiis<br />
mimarT.<br />
bizantieli kanonistebi monarqis sakanonmdeblo uflebas Zalze<br />
afarToebdnen. oxrideli arqiepiskoposi dimitri xomatini (XIII s.) werda _<br />
`imperatori, romelic iwodeba da aris saeklesio wesrigis umaRlesi mcveli,<br />
saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebze ufro maRla dgas, da aZlevs maT Zalasa<br />
da amoqmedebis unars. igia winamZRoli saeklesio ierarqiisa, kanonmdebeli<br />
samRvdeloTa qcevebisa, mas ufleba aqvs gadawyvitos mitropolitTa,<br />
episkoposTa da samRvdeloTa Soris arsebuli kamaTi, da agreTve vakantur<br />
saepiskoposo adgilebze daniSnos. SeuZlia saepiskoposo kaTedrebis amaRleba,<br />
aiyvanos episkoposebi mitropolitTa doneze. erTi sityviT, liturgiisa da<br />
xeldasxmis uflebaTa garda, imperatori Tavis TavSi aerTianebs episkoposTa<br />
yvela sxva upiratesobas, amitomac mis dadgenilebebs kanonis Zala aqvT 420 .
alsamoni aseve aRiarebda imperatoris did uflebebs saeklesio saqmeTa<br />
mimarT: `imperatorebi, rogorc patriarqebi, pativcemuli unda iqnen wmida<br />
mironiT cxebis gamo. aqedan gamomdinareobs ufleba imperatorebisa, aswavlon<br />
qristian xalxs da mRvdelmTavarTa msgavsad akmion eklesiaSi... imperatorTa<br />
Zala da qmedeba vrceldeba qveSevrdomTa sulebsa da sxeulebze, maSin, roca<br />
patriarqi mxolod sulieri meTauria~ 421 .<br />
Tu balsamonis am azrs SevadarebT gansaxilveli epoqis moRvawe wmida<br />
grigol xanZTelis wiaRidan gamosuli episkoposebis Tvalsazriss samefo<br />
xelisuflebis Sesaxeb, arsebiT sxvaobas davinaxavT: VIII s-is II naxevarsa da<br />
IX s-is dasawyisSi iSxneli episkoposi bagrat kurapalats uSiSrad eubneba:<br />
`didebulo mefeo, Sen qveyanisa xelmwife xar, xolo qriste zecisa da<br />
qveynisa da qvesknelTa. Sen naTesavTa amaT mefe xar, xolo qriste yovelTa<br />
dabadebulTa. Sen warmavalTa amaT JamTa mefe xar, xolo qriste saukuno<br />
meufe da sruli hgies ucvalebeli, uJamo, dausabamo, dausrulebeli meufe<br />
angelozTa da kacTa da ufrois Sensa jer ars smena sityvaTa misTa!~ 422 .<br />
kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT, balsamoni saero xelmwifis (imperatoris)<br />
Sesaxeb werda: `imperatoris Zala da qmedeba vrceldeba qveSevrdomTa<br />
sulebsa da sxeulebze, maSin roca patriarqi mxolod sulieri meTauria~,<br />
qarTveli saba iSxneli episkoposis TvalsazrisiT, piriqiT – xelmwife<br />
mxolod qveyniuri mefea, magram WeSmariti mefea qriste (e.i. misgan saeklesio<br />
xelisufleba), romelic sulis da xorcis (angelozTa da kacTa) meufea.<br />
aqedan Cans, rom qarTuli saeklesio samarTali memkvidrea<br />
pirvelqristianuli samociqulo eklesiis samarTlisa da amitomac ramdenadme<br />
TavisTavadia bizantiuris mimarT. aq albaT gasaTvaliswinebelia bizantiuri<br />
saxelmwifos damokidebuleba eklesiis mimarT gansaxilvel xanaSi, kerZod,<br />
VIII-IX saukuneebSi. am dros, rogorc cnobilia, bizantiuri eklesia<br />
dasustebuli iyo, imperatorebi ZiriTadad xatmebrZolebi iyvnen da<br />
SeuzRudavad cdilobdnen saeklesio saqmeTa marTvas, maSin, roca qarTuli<br />
eklesia SedarebiT gaZlierebuli iyo arabTa mier qarTuli<br />
saxelmwifoebriobis moSla-dasustebis gamo. xatTayvanismcemluri qarTuli<br />
eklesia qveynis qristiani mosaxleobisaTvis marTlwesrigisa da samarTlis<br />
kerad iqca. qarTuli eklesiis xelSi im droisaTvis Tavs iyrida ara mxolod<br />
sasuliero, aramed nawilobriv saero xelisuflebac, ramac asaxva pova<br />
qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebzec gansaxilveli periodisa (es<br />
sakiTxi ganxilulia qvemoT paragrafebSi `mwignobarTuxucesi~ da sxv.). erTerT<br />
aseT magaliTs, rogorc aRvniSneT, iZleva serapion zarzmelis cxovrebis<br />
avtori: saero (samefo) xelisuflebis uZlurebis gamo mravalwlovani dava,<br />
romelic arsebobda samcxis samTavroSi didebulTa Soris gadaWra<br />
mawyverelma episkoposma giorgi Suartylelma, romelmac modave mxareebs<br />
mamulebi CamoarTva. am episkoposma `xelT idva ra gangeba samcxisa, daawynara<br />
yoveli sabrZanebeli Tvisi, viTarca wesi iyo, da daipyra yoveli mamuli da<br />
eklesiani pirvelTa maT meSfoTeTani... viTarca gardaxda weliwadi Svidad<br />
aRTvaluli, dascxres da dadumnes yovelive SfoTni da uwesobani wmidisa<br />
amis mRvdelT-moZRvrisa giorgis mier~ 423 .<br />
maSasadame, saxelmwifo Zalauflebis moklebis gamo, adgilebze zogierTma<br />
qarTvelma episkoposma ASeZlo Tavis vrcel samTavroSi mSvidobisa da<br />
wesierebis damyareba ara mxolod eklesiaSi, aramed mTel mosaxleobaSi (es
sakiTxi ganxilulia aqve, paragrafSi `qorepiskoposi~), rogorc aRiniSna, am<br />
epoqaSi maSin, roca saqarTveloSi saeklesio Zalaufleba saeroze gavrcelda,<br />
bizantiaSi, piriqiT, marTlmadidebluri eklesia ukiduresad daaknina<br />
saxelmwifo xelisuflebam xatmebrZoli imperatorebis nebiT. magaliTad,<br />
profesori n. suvorovi, momxre saeklesio saqmeebze imperatoris<br />
xelisuflebis cnobisa, erT-erT Zlier istoriul argumentad miiCnevs<br />
xatmebrZoli imperatoris lev isavrosis Tvalsazriss (eklogis<br />
winasityvaobaSi), rom igi (imperatori) memkvidrea petre mociqulisa da mas<br />
akisria misia mwyemsos morwmuneTa samwyso 424 .<br />
v. cipini, romelic ar eTanxmeba n. suvorovs, miiCnevs _ eklesiis istoriam<br />
naTlad daamtkica, rom imperatoris xelisufleba ar warmoadgens im<br />
instituts, uromlisodac eklesias ar SeuZlia arseboba. v. cipins ara<br />
imperatori, aramed msoflio sayovelTao eklesiis episkopati miaCnia eklesiis<br />
miwieri nawilis meTaurad 425 , miuxedavad amisa, fiqrobs, rom zogierTi<br />
bizantieli da rusi imperatoris mizidulobam eklesiis mimarT, romelsac ar<br />
hqonda arc ekleziologiuri da arc saeklesio kanonikuri safuZveli,<br />
gamoiwvia nawilobrivi deformacia saekleso wyobisa, imis msgavsi, romelic<br />
hqonda rusul eklesias sinodalur epoqaSi 426 .<br />
zemoaRniSnulis gamo, zogierTi marTlmadidebeli kanonisti bizantieli<br />
imperatorebis erT nawils adanaSaulebs cezaro-papizmSi, anu saero uzenaesi<br />
xelisuflis (keisris) mier saeklesio saqmeTa marTvaSi. am mxriv qarTul<br />
eklesiaSi, gansaxilvel epoqaSi, saeklesio samarTlis mxriv gadaxras adgili<br />
ar hqonia. cezaro-papizmi qarTuli azrovnebisaTvis ucxo iyo, Tumca ki<br />
qarTveli mefeebi (iseve rogorc sxva marTlmadidebeli xalxebis<br />
xelmwifeebi), viTarca mcvelebi da mfarvelebi eklesiisa, monawileobdnen<br />
yvela mniSvnelovan saeklesio saqmeSi, magaliTad, episkoposebis<br />
samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebze daniSvnisas (magaliTad, giorgi mTawmidelis<br />
dros bagrat IV), isini aseve saeklesio samarTalis dacvaze zrunavdnen<br />
(iwvevdnen da monawileobdnen saeklesio krebebSi) _ es iyo samarTlis sxva<br />
mxare, kerZod, ganxorcieleba bizantiaSive SemuSavebuli principisa eklesiasa<br />
da saxelmwifos Soris `simfoniuri urTierTobisa~. Tumca, rogorc aRiniSna,<br />
bizantiasa da ruseTSi eklesias da saxelmwifos Soris simfoniuri<br />
urTierToba zogjer irRveoda saxelmwifos mier. imperatorebi iseT<br />
kanonebsac scemdnen, romelnic ewinaaRmdegeboda saeklesio wyobas 427 . aseTi<br />
magaliTebi qarTuli eklesiisaTvis ucnobia. gansaxilvel periodSi CvenSi ara<br />
xelmwifes uwodebdnen `gare episkoposs~ (Dytiybq tgbcrjg), aramed piriqiT,<br />
miiCnevdnen, rom episkoposi samarTlebrivad mefis swori iyo _ `episkoposisa<br />
da mefis saqme sworia~.<br />
aRbuRas kanonebSi Sesuli cnobili muxli _ `meore mefe episkoposi aris~<br />
(aRb. kan.. 102) _ ganekuTvneba Cvens gansaxilvel VIII-IX saukuneebs da bagrat<br />
kurapalatis samarTals, rogorc es qvemoTaa ganxiluli. aqedanve unda iyos<br />
gadasuli vaxtangis kanonebSi `mefisa da kaTalikosis saqme... orive swori<br />
aris~ (vaxt. kan. 25).<br />
qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis ganmtkicebis kvaldakval,<br />
qarTuli eklesia saero xelisuflebis tvirTisagan TandaTan gaTavisuflda.<br />
mefe bagrat IV (1027-1072) ukve TviTon xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo saeklesio<br />
krebas opizisa da miZnaZoris samamulo davis ganxilvisas. iRebs, usmens
modave mxareebs, niSnavs saqmis garCevas, iwvevs saTanado specialistebs,<br />
winaswar swavlobs saqmes, ixilavs sabuTebs da iwvevs sasamarTlo sxdomas.<br />
procesze qveyndeba yvela sabuTi sajarod, ismineba mxareebis axsna-ganmarteba,<br />
iniSneba paeqroba, fasdeba damamtkicebeli sabuTebi. procesSi monawileoben<br />
iuristebi _ `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~. dadgenileba eklesiis mimarT<br />
sigelis saxiT mefem gamosca. Tumca, sinamdvileSi, am sadavo sakiTxis<br />
gadasaWrelad mowveul saeklesio krebaSi monawileobdnen rogorc misi<br />
samefos aRmosavleTis (aRmosavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>, zeda mamulebis), ise<br />
dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> (qveda mamulebis) ierarqebi.<br />
am dros Cveni eklesiis samarTlis erT-erT wyarod, agreTve, ikveTeba<br />
eklesiis mamaTa ganmartebani, erTi aseTia wmida eqvTime mTawmideli.<br />
1906 w. peterburgis winasakrebo TaTbirze prof. almazovi amtkicebda, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiam Tavis droze avtokefalia miiRo politikuri nebiT,<br />
amitomac istoriulad misi gauqmebac aseve politikuri nebiT ruseTis mier<br />
kanonikurad unda CaiTvaloso. eklesiaTa avtokefaliis uflebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, saeklesio samarTlis mcodne v.cipini wers: `Zvelad<br />
gamoiTqmoda xolme mcdari mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom avtokefalurad unda<br />
CaTvliliyo mxolod mociqulTa mier daarsebuli eklesiebi. papi lev didi am<br />
safuZvelze dayrdnobiT sakamaTod xdida konstantinopolis eklesiis<br />
avtokefalias. radganac miiCnevda, rom is ar iyo daarsebuli mociqulebis<br />
mier, xolo antioqiis sapatriarqo uaryofda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias<br />
im istoriulad saeWvo faqtze dayrdnobiT, rom mociqulTagan aravin yofila<br />
saqarTveloSi. amave dros, erTi mxriv, ueWvelad mociqulTa mier daarsebul<br />
zogierT eklesias arasodes hqonia avtokefalia (magaliTad, korinTosa,<br />
Tesalonikisa), meore mxriv, arsebobs eklesiebi, romelTa TviTmyofadoba<br />
yvelas mier aris aRiarebuli, Tumca isini mociqulebs ar dauarsebiaT 428 .<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliasTan dakavSirebiT v.cipini gamoTqvams<br />
aseT mosazrebas: `wmida mociqulTa sworis ninos gavleniT axali sarwmunoeba<br />
miiRo qarTvelTa mefe mirianma. slavuri eklesiebisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis dedaeklesia iyo ara konstantinopolis, aramed<br />
antioqiis eklesia. 467 wels iveriis eklesiis winamZRvarma, romelsac kaTedra<br />
mcxeTaSi hqonda, miiRo antioqiis kaTedrisagan kaTolikosis tituli. am<br />
tituliT iwodebodnen bizantiis imperiis aRmosavleTis sazRvrebs iqiT myofi<br />
eklesiebis pirvelierarqebi. kaTolikosis pativis pirvelad xseneba gvxvdeba<br />
410 wlidan. kaTolikosi maSin iyo babilonis selevskiis episkoposi, romelic<br />
sparseTis eklesias meTaurobda da Sedioda antioqiis arqiepiskoposis<br />
iurisdiqciaSi (romelic mogvianebiT da amJamad iwodeba aRmosavleTis<br />
patriarqad), oRond Zalze farTo avtonomiis uflebiT, radganac bizantiasparseTis<br />
sazRvrebze TiTqmis mudmivi omianobis gamo sakaTalikosos kavSiri<br />
kaTedrasTan garTulebuli iyo. kaTolikosebad agreTve iwodebodnen somxuri<br />
eklesiis patriarqebi, romelnic msoflio marTlmadideblobas gamoeyvnen<br />
qalkedonis krebis Semdeg. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis kaTolikosebi, faqtobrivad<br />
VIII saukunis Suaxnebidan iqcnen TviTmyofad pirvelierarqebad, Tumca<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefalia arc antioqiasa da arc konstantinopolSi<br />
aRiarebuli ar yofila. XIV saukuneSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi warmoiqmna<br />
axali sakaTalikoso, rezidenciiT jer biWvinTaSi, Semdeg ki quTaisSi.… 1801<br />
wels saqarTvelo SeerTebul iqna ruseTis imperiasTan, male, 1811 wels,
uqmdeba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliac, kaTolikos anton II-is<br />
mosasveneblad wasvlis Semdeg wmida sinodma saqarTveloSi daniSna<br />
egzarqosi. 1917 wels <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiam aRidgina Tavis avtokefaluri<br />
statusi, romelic ar iqna cnobili arc ruseTis eklesiis adgilobrivi<br />
krebis mier (1917-1918 ww.) da arc axalarCeul patriarq wmida tixonis mier.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis meTaurma miiRo kaTolikos-patriarqis tituli.<br />
kanonikuri urTierToba rusul da qarTul eklesiaTa Soris aRdga 1943 w.~ 429 .<br />
msgavsad v.cipinisa da k.kekeliZisa, babilina lominaZec miiCnevs, rom<br />
qarTulma eklesiam VIII saukuneSi ganimtkica, xolo XI saukuneSi sabolood<br />
miiRo avtokefalia. yvela am mkvlevarisaTvis dauZleveli iyo XI s-is melqiti<br />
beris, nikon SavmTelisa da efrem mcires mier mowodebuli cnoba, rom<br />
imperator konstantine kopronimes dros (741-775) ori qarTveli beri mivida<br />
patriarq Teofilaqte antioqielTan (daaxl, 744-751). `isini Ciodnen, rom<br />
qarTvelebs aRar hyavT kaTalikosi `rameTu dRiTgan netarisa anastasi<br />
mRvdelTmTavrisa (+610), antioqieli patriarqisa, ara kurTxeul ars maTda<br />
kaTolikosi mTavarepiskoposi siZnelisaTvis gzisa, rameTu agarianTagan<br />
veravin ikadrebs svlad~. es cnoba, rogorc garkveulia v.goilaZis mier,<br />
Seexeba ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, aramed dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> im<br />
eklesias, romelic xatmebrZolur eresis gamo cdilobda gamosvlas<br />
konstantinopolis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> iurisdiqciidan da kanonikuri gziT<br />
Tavisuflebis mopovebas. Cven am sakiTxs mravaljer vexebiT qvemoT<br />
paragrafebSi: `antioqiis I saeklesio kreba~, `javaxeTis saeklesio kreba~ da<br />
sxva. rogorc Cven garkveuli gvaqvs, Tavdapirvelad, mTargmnelTa, Semdeg ki<br />
mkvlevarTa Secdoma gamoiwvia iman, rom ucxoelebi ara mxolod aRmosavleT<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>, aramed dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiasac uwodebdnen `iberiis<br />
eklesias~, kerZod dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sakaTalikosos _ `qvemo iberiis<br />
saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen saukuneTa manZilze 430 . rogorc Cans, berZnul<br />
wyaroSi ewera, rom antioqiaSi berebi Cavidnen iberiidan (igulisxmeboda<br />
`qvemo iberia~, anu dasavleT saqarTvelo), mTargmnelma sityva `iberia~<br />
`qarTlad~ Targmna, qarTlSi ki moiazres mcxeTis sakaTalikoso. es sakiTxi<br />
ganxilulia Sesabamis paragrafebSi, amitomac am cnobis gamoyenebiT, mtkiceba<br />
_ mcxeTis sakaTalikosos mier VIII s-Si avtokefaliis mopovebis Sesaxeb –<br />
uadgiloa. rac Sexeeba XI s-s, aq igulisxmeba giorgi mTawmidelis cnobili<br />
kamaTi antioqiis patriarqTan. es sakiTxi ganxilulia paragrafSi `antioqiis II<br />
saeklesio kreba~. rogorc wyaroebis analizi aCvenebs, am dros qarTul<br />
eklesias ar moupovebia avtokefalia, radganac misi TavisTavadoba, giorgi<br />
mTawmindelis sityviT, ukve saukuneebs iTvlida da aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis samarTlis wyaros aRniSnul periodSi (VI-XI ss.)<br />
warmoadgenda ara ucxo sapatriarqoTa dadgenilebebi, gamotanili qarTuli<br />
eklesiis mimarT, aramed adgilobrivi (qarTuli) saeklesio krebaTa<br />
dadgenilebani da gadawyvetilebani, rogorc es Cans `javaxeTis krebisa~ da<br />
sxva krebaTa magaliTiT.<br />
ruis-urbnisis cnobil krebamde samarTlis mxriv eklesiaSi aseTi<br />
mdgomareoba yofila:<br />
IX-X saukuneebSi, qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdis<br />
bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignis nawyvetebi, romelic SemorCenilia beqa-
aRburas samarTalSi. i.doliZis TvalsazrisiT igi `miuTiTebs Tamar mefis<br />
wina periodze, roca mefe samRvdelobis winaSe jer kidev uZluri iyo~ 431 .<br />
i.doliZis azriT XII saukunemde <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefe `samRvdeloebis winaSe<br />
jer kidev uZluri iyo~. qveyanaSi episkoposebsa da samRvdeloebas eWiraT<br />
gabatonebuli mdgomareoba 431 . i.doliZe mimoixilavs bagratis samarTlis<br />
cnobil 101, 102 da 103 kanonebs da askvnis, rom `es samive muxli iseT xanas<br />
unda ekuTvnodes, roca samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi sruli batoni iyo da<br />
saero mTavrobaze maRla eWira Tavi, ese igi daviT aRmaSeneblis uwinaresi<br />
xanisa unda iyos~ 432 . kerZod, 102 muxli aseTia _ `Tu mefe ebiskopozsa<br />
gauwyres – gina usamarTlod, gina samarTliTa – xelTa Sepyrobai arca maSin<br />
moxdebis, amisaTvis rome meore mefe ebiskopozi aris da qristianeTa sjulisa<br />
damamtkicebeli da raica mefesa sjulisa saqme aqvs, agre Seiwynarebs~ 433 .<br />
saerTod, bagrat kurapalatis samarTali `gaCenilia~ `pirvelad daviTian<br />
bagrat kurapalatisa da aRmaSenebelTa mefeT-mefeTa brZanebiT~, magram es<br />
sakmarisi ar iyo samarTlis gamosacemad. amitomac iqve naTqvamia – `da mere<br />
episkoposTa, didebulTa da aznaurTa da Wkuian kacTa mefeTa winaSe erTbaSad<br />
gaCenili gangebiTa RmrTisaiTa~ 434 . maSasadame, Tavis droze bagrat<br />
kurapalatis samarTali SeumuSavebia mefis winaSe Sekrebil krebas, es cxadia<br />
unda yofiliyo darbazoba episkoposebis, didebulebis, aznaurebisa da Wkvian<br />
kacTa monawileobiT. am samarTalSi `samRvdeloebis privilegirebuli da<br />
maRali uflebrivi mdgomareoba naTlad Cans samarTlis wignis sxva<br />
muxlebSic (105-198, 112, 121-122, 139 da sxv.). es, i. doliZis azriT, miuTiTebs,<br />
rom `bagratis samarTali~ erTi kanondmeblis mieraa SemuSavebuli. muxlebi<br />
erTmaneTTan ar arian Seusabamobasa da winaaRmdegobaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom<br />
iv.javaxiSvilis azriT, es samarTali bagrat I-s anda bagrat III-s unda<br />
ekuTvnodes. isidore doliZe gamoricxavs bagrat III-s. radganac mis dros<br />
`saxelmwifos mxolod erTi mefe hyavda da episkoposi `meore mefe~ ar iyo~.<br />
i.doliZe fiqrobs, rom am samarTlis Semoqmedia bagrat IV, rasac ar<br />
eTanxmebian Tanamedrove mkvlevarebi, rogorc aRniSnulia, isini ufro uWeren<br />
mxars bagrat I-s. bagrat I (826-876) kurapalati iyo Ze mefe aSot I didisa<br />
(kurapalatisa), romelTa drosac tao-klarjeTis `qarTvelTa samefoSi~<br />
samRvdeloeba uZlieres Zalas warmoadgenda da, amave dros, iyo xelmwifis<br />
sayrdenic. swored eklesiis avtoritetidan amoizarda `qarTvelTa samefos~<br />
Tavdapirveli Zliereba, radganac saqarTvelo daSlili qveyana iyo, Zveli<br />
samefo dinastia farnavazian-xosroianebisa damarcxebuli, xolo kuTxeebSi<br />
jer kidev ar iyo saero xelisufleba fexmokidebuli. yovelivem asaxva hpova<br />
`bagrat kurapalatis~ samarTalSi. amiT unda aixsnas is uCveulo movlena,<br />
rom saqarTveloSi saeklesio iurisdiqcia saero saqmeebzec vrceldeboda. iv.<br />
javaxiSvilis azriT, `bizantiis gavlena qarTul mwerlobasa da kulturaze<br />
XII s-Si daiwyo~.<br />
3. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi ruis-urbnisis krebis Semdeg (XII-XVIII ss.)<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias, viTarca avtokefalurs, hqonda suverenuli<br />
sakanonmdeblo saqmianobis ufleba Tavisi avtokefaliis sazRvrebSi, rasac<br />
axorcielebda kidec aTaswleulTa manZilze ruis-urbnisis krebamde da mis<br />
Semdeg XIX s-mde, avtokefaliis gauqmebamde.
saeklesio kanonmdeblobis adgilobriv organos, pirvel rigSi<br />
warmoadgendnen saeklesio krebebi.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebs, rogorc Cvenamde moRweuli masalebis<br />
analizidan Cans (warmodgenilia qvemoT, Sesabamis paragrafebSi), axasiaTebda<br />
gansakuTrebuli specifika, romelic unda asaxavdes saqarTveloSi saeklesio<br />
da saxelmwifo xelisuflebaTa urTierTdamokidebulebas. rogorc cnobilia,<br />
arsebobs am (saeklesio da saxelwmifo xelisuflebaTa)<br />
urTierTdamokidebulebis sxvadasxva sistema. maT Soris idealurad miiCneva<br />
simfoniuri damokidebuleba. bizantiaSi, romelic etalons warmoadgenda<br />
qarTvelebisaTvis saeklesio urTierTobaTa sferoSi, SemuSavebuli iyo<br />
eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTobis ZiriTadi principebi, romlebic<br />
imperiis saxelmwifo kanonebsa da sjulis wesebSic iqna Setanili, isini<br />
aisaxa wmida mamaTa nawerebSic. esaa eklesiisa da saxelmwifos simfoniis<br />
principi. rogorc iTqva, simfoniis arsia urTierTTanamSromloba,<br />
urTierTdaxmareba, erTmaneTis mimarT zrunva da pasuxismgebloba ise, rom<br />
erTi mxare meoris gansakuTrebuli kompetenciis sferoSi ar SeiWras. miiCneva,<br />
rom es principi yvelaze ukeTaa Camoyalibebuli imperator iustinianes VI<br />
novelaSi: `udidesi sikeTe, romelic adamianebs RmerTis didi saxierebiT<br />
mieniWaT _ mRvdloba da mefobaa, romelTagan pirveli (e. i. saeklesio<br />
xelisufleba) saRmrTo saqmisaTvis zrunavs da mas xelmZRvanelobs, xolo<br />
meore (saxelmwifo xelisufleba) ki kacobriobisaTvis, orive momdinareobs<br />
erTi da imave wyarodan... Tu sasuliero mxare yovelives RvTisaTvis saTnod<br />
ganagebs, xolo saxelmwifo xelisufleba masze mindobil saxelmwifos<br />
samarTliT marTavs, maSin maT Soris yvelaferSi sruli Tanxmoba iqneba, rac<br />
kacobriobas sargeblobasa da sikeTes moutans~. am principidan gamomdinare,<br />
iustiniane Tavis novelebSi sjulier wesebs saxelmwifo kanonis Zalas<br />
aniWebda. am midgomis gamo saeklesio da saero wesebi erTobliobaSi zogjer<br />
mefis saxeliT gamoicemoda, magram damtkicebuli iyo saeklesio<br />
xelisufalTa mier, es damaxasiaTebeli iyo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>aTvisac, amis Sesaxeb<br />
ix. qvemoT, krebaTa ganxilvis dros.<br />
iustinianemdec, IV-V ss-ebSi, romis imperiaSi miiCneoda, rom saero da<br />
sasuliero xelisuflebas erTmaneTisaTvis mxari unda daeWiraT, radganac<br />
erTis warmatebiT meorec warmatebas miaRwevda, WeSmariti sarwmunoeba<br />
samarTliT gabrwyindeboda, saxelmwifo ki ayvavdeboda. miiCneoda, agreTve,<br />
rom orive es xelisufleba gaerTianebuli unda yofiliyo zemoaRniSnuli<br />
miznis misaRwevad, daculi unda yofiliyo saxelmwifo da saeklesio<br />
xelisuflebas Soris urRvevi kavSiri _ RvTis gangebis ukeT aRsrulebisa da<br />
xalxis samsaxurisaTvis: `vinc erTisaTvis (saxelmwifosaTvis,<br />
qveSevrdomebisaTvis) zrunavs, meorezec (eklesiisaTvis, marTali<br />
sarwmunoebisaTvis) fiqrobs~ 435 .<br />
rogorc qvemoT gamoCndeba, aRniSnuli simfoniuri kavSiri, Cans, Tavidanve,<br />
ukve IV-V saukuneebidanve daedo safuZvlad saqarTveloSi saxelmwifosa da<br />
eklesias Soris urTierTobas. amiT unda aixsnas is araCveulebrivi garemoeba,<br />
rom zogjer <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio kreba imavdroulad warmoadgenda<br />
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas, anda piriqiT, saxelmwifo darbazis sxdoma,<br />
Sesabamisi saeklesio sakiTxis ganxilvis dros, gadaiqceoda saeklesio
krebad, romelsac gamohqonda saeklesio saxis dadgenilebani (es sakiTxi<br />
ganxilulia qvemoT, Sesabamis calkeul saeklesio krebaTa ganxilvisas).<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebs, rogorc wesi, iwvevda mefe (rogorc<br />
bizantiaSi), Tumca ramdenime gamonaklisic arsebobs. rogorc aRvniSneT,<br />
zogjer saeklesio sakiTxebi ixileboda saxelmwifo darbazis mier.<br />
saxelmwifo darbazs, Cans, amis ufleba eniWeboda imis gamo, rom igi Tavisi<br />
SemadgenlobiT gamoxatavda urRvev kavSirs _ mTlianobas saxelmwifo da<br />
saeklesio xelisuflebas Soris. kerZod, darbazobisas `xelmwifis karis~<br />
garda, ikribeboda qveynis yvela nawilis episkopati (`zemo~ da `qvemo~<br />
mamulebidan~ anu aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelodan), mniSvnelovani<br />
monastrebis winamZRvrebi, da cxadia, saero xelisufleba. darbazobis<br />
umTavresi birTvi iyo `xelmwifis kari~. es ukanaskneli Semadgenlobis mxriv<br />
agreTve gamoxatavda mTlianobas saero da saeklesio xelisuflebisa, kerZod,<br />
igi Sedgeboda mefisa da oTxi berisagan. es `oTxi beri~ iyo: 1. kaTalikosi<br />
qarTlisa, anu igive sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> patriarqi; 2. afxazeTis<br />
kaTalikosi; 3. mwignobarTuxucesi, igive Wyondideli episkoposi; 4. moZRvarTmoZRvari.<br />
es oTxi beri, Cans, sinamdvileSi warmoadgenda mefis karze mudmivad<br />
moqmed saxelmwifo sabWos, romlis erT-erTi wevri mwignobarTuxucesi _ ukve<br />
namdvilad unda yofiliyo (yoveldRiurad) xelmwifis karze 436 da mefis<br />
saxeliT emarTa saxelmwifo saqmeebi. anu Tanamedrove terminologiiT,<br />
rogorc es garkveulia ivane javaxiSvilis mier _ igi iyo premier-ministri,<br />
Tavmjdomare mTavrobisa (ixileT aqve, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis mmarTveli<br />
ierarqia, `vazirTuxucesi~).<br />
darbazobis sxdomas, rogorc aRiniSna, eswrebodnen: mefe, oTxi beri,<br />
uxucesebi (vezirebi), episkoposebi, winamZRvrebi, saqveyno xelisufalni. `oTx<br />
bers~ _ gansakuTrebuli ufleba hqonda saqveyno da marTvis saqmeSi,<br />
imavdroulad, isini eklesiis mmarTvelebi iyvnen. zemoaRniSnuliT unda<br />
yofiliyo gamowveuli Cveni mematianis mtkiceba `darbazis karidan~ saeklesio<br />
`wesebis~ gamocemis Sesaxeb: `monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni<br />
eklesiani wessa da rigsa locvisasa da yovlisa saeklesioisa gangebisas<br />
darbazis kariT miiRebdian, viTarca kanonsa ucdomelsa da yovlad Sveniersa<br />
da dawyobilsa, keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~ 437 .<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, mematianis am cnobas adasturebs `xelmwifis karis<br />
garigebis~ avtori: `gelaTisagan kide saydarni da sxvani monasterni da<br />
eklesiani, xucesni da monazonni da rac saeklesioni dasni arian, yvela<br />
Wyondidelis da sawolis mwignobaris saxelosia~ 438 . maSasadame, saeklesio<br />
dasi xelmwifis karidan imarTeba, magram ara saero xelisuflis, aramed<br />
sasuliero wodebis, magram qveynis mmarTveli xelisuflis _ Wyondidelis<br />
mier. am uflebas mas, Cans, aZlevs `oTxi beris~ sabWo. am gasocari faqtis<br />
axsna SeiZleba niko maris sityviT _ `Zvel saqarTveloSi saero da sasuliero<br />
Zalauflebis erToba warmoadgenda udavo faqts~.<br />
Zvel saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisufleba<br />
gaerTianebuli iyo, mis mier qveyana da eklesia erTi Zalauflebrivi<br />
centridan erTiani ZalauflebiTYimarTeboda. saero da sasuliero<br />
Zalauflebebis erT xelSi harmoniuli, simfoniuri Tavmoyra _ Zveli<br />
qarTuli (ruis-urbnisis krebamdeli) naSTi unda yofiliyo. rogorc Cans,<br />
ruis-urbnisis krebaze saxelmwifo xelisuflebam kanonieri saxe misca am ukve
arsebul faqts, mwignobarTuxuces-vazirTuxucesis Tanamdebobis dawesebiT Tu<br />
misi ZvelTaganve mopovebuli uflebis aRiarebiT. niko maris azriT,<br />
mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis, anu saxelmwifoSi mefis Semdeg meore<br />
saxelisuflebo piris, Tanamdebobis daweseba unda yofiliyo saqarTveloSi<br />
odesRac arsebuli saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis erT xelSi Tavmoyris<br />
tradiciis gviandeli gadmonaSTi, romlis minamsgavsia xevisberobis<br />
instituti moxeveebSi (ix. qvemoT paragrafi `mwignobarTuxucesi~). saxelmwifo<br />
xelisufleba, Cans, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> gaerTianebis, anu XI saukunis Semdeg<br />
dainteresebuli iyo mZlavri saeklesio xelisufleba gaeerTianebina<br />
saxelmwifo xelisuflebasTan da amiT erTiani xelisufleba mieRo. m.<br />
lorTqifaniZis, iseve, rogorc zogadad qarTuli istoriografiis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, ruis-urbnisis krebis meSveobiT saxelmwifom daimorCila<br />
eklesia, imdenad, rom TviT darbazis karidan iRebda eklesia `wessa da<br />
kanonebs~, romelnic `ucTomelad~ unda miCneuliyo, aseTia interpretireba<br />
mematianis cnobili cnobisa, romelic zemoTaa motanili, magram `darbazis<br />
kari~, TviTve warmoadgenda saeklesio organos garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,<br />
amitomac mas ufleba hqonda gamoeca saeklesio dadgenilebanic<br />
aRsasruleblad. maSasadame, yofiliyo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio samarTlis<br />
wyaro, amitomac araa marTebuli azri, TiTqosda ruis-urbnisis krebam eklesia<br />
daumorCila saxelmwifos.<br />
saxelmwifo darbazobis saxe hqonda bagrat IV-s mier mowveul krebas,<br />
romelmac saeklesio sakiTxi gaarCia or monasters Soris. darbazobis<br />
sxdomis saxe hqonda Wulevis saeklesio krebas, romelzedac damtkicda<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi warmoSobis beqasa da aRbuRas kanonebi, romelTac krebam<br />
Tan daurTo e.w. `kanonikuri samarTali~, sakanonmdeblo saeklesio krebaze<br />
vaxtang VI-is mier moZiebuli `yovelni wigni samarTlisanni~ damtkicda da<br />
mieca qveyanaSi amoqmedebis ufleba.<br />
vaxtangis mier moZiebuli samarTlis wignebi, romelic safuZvlad daedo<br />
cnobil qarTul vaxtangis samarTals, Seafasa da miiRo krebam, romelic<br />
Sedgeboda kaTalikozisa da episkoposebisagan. am krebas, rogorc saxelmwifo<br />
darbazis sxdomas, mefesa da umaRles ierarqebTan erTad eswrebodnen<br />
didebulni, darbaiselni. vaxtang VI-s, maTi `damowmeba da nebarTva~<br />
esaWiroeboda, raTa samarTlis Zveli da axali normebi amoqmedebuliyo,<br />
rogorc TviT es Zegli aRniSnavs _ `damowmebiTa da nebadarTviTa TvisTa<br />
kaTalikoz-episkopos da didebul-darbaiselTa 439 .<br />
ufro adre, XIV s-is bolos Wulevis monasterSi Semdgar saeklesio<br />
krebas, anu rac igivea, adgilobriv saxelmwifo darbazs, rogorc aRvniSneT,<br />
daumtkicebia beqa-aRbuRas samarTali, romelic amis Semdeg gavrcelda<br />
rogorc saeklesio da saqveyno moqmedi samarTali. am sxdomas, mTavar<br />
aRbuRasTan erTad, eswrebodnen mawyvereli episkoposi, safaris moZRvari,<br />
samcxis, taos, SavSeTis da klarjeTis episkoposebi, meudabnoe berebi,<br />
moweseebi, agreTve, saero xelisufalnic, romelTa erToblivi `mowmobiT~<br />
krebam samarTali gamosc 440 . (es krebebi ganxilulia qvemoT).<br />
kidev ufro adre, XIV s-is dasawyisSi (1335 w.) krebam, romelsac wmida<br />
meufe, qarTlis kaTalikosi efTvime eswreboda episkoposebTan, vezirebTan,<br />
mouravebTan Temisa da Temis erisTavebTan, xevisberebTan, xevisTavebsa da<br />
herovanebTan erTad, mefis giorgis brwyinvalis TavmjdomareobiT (esaa
saxelmwifo darbazi) gamosca samarTali, marTalia ara saeklesio, aramed<br />
ufro saero `msoflio~, magram rogorc kreba aRniSnavs, igi iyo sasjulo<br />
saqmeTa Semcvelic. sasjulo saqme mTieli mosaxleobisa gamowvlilviT<br />
SeeZloT gaerCiaT saeklesio mTavrebs _ `sxva rac sasjulo sakiTxavi iyos,<br />
igi kaTalikozman da ganaCenTa maT zeda ebiskoposTa maT hkiTxon~ 441 . (es<br />
kreba ganxilulia qvemoT).<br />
rogorc Cans, qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi sistema, romelSic eklesiis<br />
viTarca saxelmwifoebrvi sxeulisa da erTeulis Tvisebebi aRiarebuli iyo,<br />
Tavis yvelaze ufro sruli saxiT warmoCnda XII saukuneSi, daviT<br />
aRmaSeneblis dros, ruis-urbnisis krebis mier. daviTma ZiriTadi saxelmwifo<br />
uwyebani (saSinao, finansTa, nawilobriv samxedro) uSualod Caabara eklesiis<br />
ierarqs mwignobarTuxucess-Wyondidels, romelsac umaRlesi sasamarTlo _<br />
saajo karic eWira. igi iyo `vazirT upirvelesi, faqtobrivad mefis moadgile,<br />
saxelmwifos mTeli marTva-gamgeobis namdvili saWeTmpyrobeli, romelsac<br />
`karis garigeba~ mefis mamasac ki uwodebs~ 442 .<br />
es Tanamdeboba rom ara fiqtiuri, aramed realuri iyo, Cans iqidanac, rom<br />
XIII s-Si, roca `oTx berTagan~, anu saxelmwifo sabWos wevrTagan erT-erTma _<br />
qarTlis kaTalikosma miqaelma xelT igdo mwignobarTuxucesis Tanamdebobac,<br />
aman DSearyia Tamar mefis xelisufleba. msgavsi moxda SemdgomSic, basili<br />
Wyondidelis dros. miqael kaTalikosi, misi Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesobis<br />
dros, niko berZeniSvilis TqmiT, `faqtiurad gamge unda gamxadariyo<br />
samefosi~ 443 . `miqaels viTarca erTdroulad eklesiis mesaWesa da amave dros<br />
vazirTa upirveless saxelmwifo xelisuflebis xelSi Cagdebac surda. mis<br />
daukiTxavad mefes araferi ar unda gaekeTebina, amitom miqaels, amieridan<br />
TviT mefezec ki Zala da xelisufleba eqneboda... miqaeli saero-saxelmwifo<br />
da saeklesio xelisuflebis mqonebeli da gamaerTianebeli iyo... es garemoeba<br />
saxelmwifosa da saero cxovrebaSi aucileblad eklesiis gabatonebas<br />
moaswavebda... es saistorio mecnierebaSi wodebuls cezaro-papizms udrida da<br />
romis eklesiis uflebriv Semecnebas miemsgavseboda~ 444 .<br />
Tamaris msgavsad, Tavisi ukiduresi SeSfoTeba xelisuflebis moklebis<br />
Sesaxeb gamoxata laSa giorgis Ze mefe daviTmac, roca basili Wyondidelujarmeli<br />
gandidda imdenad, rom mefis magier (mefis daukiTxavad) moqmedebda.<br />
`TaTarTa wylis Robeze `sibaze~ yovelwliurma gamgzavrebam ulu daviTi<br />
Tavis saxelmwifos CamoaSora da am garemoebam vazirTa-upirvelesi<br />
damoukidebel da TviTneba mbrZaneblad aqcia~ 445 .<br />
maSasadame, mefis saxelmwifoSi aryofnis dros mis adgils, faqtobrivad,<br />
mwignobarTuxucesi iWerda, xolo `oTx berTagan~ erT-erTis xelSi<br />
Tanamdebobis Tavmoyris dros mefis xelisufleba iryeoda. yovelive<br />
zemoaRniSnulis gamo, qarTuli samarTlebrivi sistemisaTvis ucxoa<br />
bizantiuri ganmartebani, rom `imperatori (mefe) sakrebo dadgenilebebze<br />
maRla dgas, aris saeklesio ierarqiis winamZRoli da kanonmdebeli~ (dimitri<br />
xomatini, XIII s.). aseTi bizantiuri uzenaesoba saimperatoro xelisuflebisa<br />
saeklesio xelisuflebaze, zogierTi kanonistis TvalsazrisiT, safuZvels<br />
iZleoda daedanaSaulebinaT ramdenime imperatori, maT Soris _ ruseTSic,<br />
cezaro-papizmSi; anu iqmneboda iseTi viTareba, roca imperatori saeklesio<br />
krebebzec maRla mdgomi, saeklesio saqmeTa gamgebeli iyo. aseTi viTareba<br />
saqarTveloSi warmoudgeneli iyo. aq saeklesio xelisufleba ar
iCrdileboda saxelmwifos mier, piriqiT, maT Soris simfoniuri urTierToba<br />
iyo. rogorc aRiniSna, saeklesio xelisufleba araTu uflebadakarguli iyo,<br />
aramed zogjer, garkveuli gadaxrebis dros, mas saxelmwifo Zalauflebis<br />
Tavis xelSi aRebac ki SeeZlo. magram mas es arasodes unebebia, ase rom,<br />
qarTuli eklesia samarTlis mxriv ar hgavda romauls, romelmac saxelmwifo<br />
xelisuflebaze Tavisi uzenaesoba ganaxorciela. qarTulma eklesiam TiTqmis<br />
XIX saukunemde SeZlo erovnul saxelmwifo xelisuflebasTan simfoniuri<br />
Tanaarseboba. amitomac, marTalia Cven gvaqvs saxelmwifo warmoSobis<br />
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi, gamocemulni ZiriTadad xelmwifis<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefis), anda saxelmwifo mTlianobis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi<br />
adgilobriv mefe-mTavarTa mier, magram maTi damtkiceba, anu amoqmedebis<br />
ufleba eklesiis ierarqTa xelSi iyo da maT mier xdeboda. saxelmwifosa da<br />
eklesias Soris urTierToba mogvarebuli iyo, amitomac aseT wyaroTa<br />
umetesoba (esaa sigelebi, `dawerilebi~, `wesebi~, `wignebi~ da sxv.), ZiriTadad,<br />
Seexeboda eklesiisaTvis gaweul daxmarebebsa da dawesebul SeRavaTebs,<br />
Tumca maTSi asaxulia is faqtic, rom saeklesio iurisdiqcia saero<br />
saqmeebzec vrceldeboda.<br />
4. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebis periodebSi<br />
mongolebis Semosevebma ara marto gaaRataka <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia, aramed<br />
moSala simfoniuri urTierToba iqamde arsebul erovnul saxelmwifosa da<br />
eklesias Soris, Tumca ki mongolebi cdilobdnen daecvaT eklesiis<br />
xelSeuxebloba, misi qoneba, gaeTavisuflebinaT sasuliero pirebi xarkisa da<br />
gadasaxadisagan. mongolTa Semosevebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi kvlav aRdga<br />
Zveleburi urTierTobani saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris.<br />
mongolTa xanas ganekuTvneba erTi saintereso faqti <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis samarTlis istoriidan, romelic miagavs dasavleTis eklesiaSi<br />
dafiqsirebul e. w. `interdiqts~. rogorc cnobilia, romis papebis mZlavri<br />
iaraRi saero xelisuflebasTan brZolisas iyo interdiqti, romliTac ama Tu<br />
im qveyanaSi RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebas manamde krZalavda, sanam<br />
qveSevrdomebi papis mier gankveTil TavianT monarqs ar Camoagdebdnen. msgavsi<br />
momxdara saqarTveloSic ulu daviTis dros.<br />
mongolTa mier `damtkicebulma~ xelmwifem, cxadia, Secvala iqamde<br />
arsebuli darbazobis wesi. axla ukve darbazi aRar gamoxatavda eklesiis<br />
interesebs, iq mongolebis interesebi ufro iyo daculi. amis gamo eklesiis<br />
interesebi qveyanaSi swored darbazis erT-erTi frTis mier ilaxeboda.<br />
kerZod, saeklesio mamulebis mtaceblebs, romelTac winaT `dakrulviT~<br />
sjida eklesia, axla darbazis saxelmwifo aRmasrulebeli xelisufalni<br />
(amirspasalari, amirejibi, da sxv.) aqezebdnen. kerZod, iqamde arsebuli<br />
wesebiT: `samefo saxlisa da palatis wesis~ Tanaxmad, `dakrulvili~ piri<br />
saxelmwifos mier unda `Serisxuliyo~, CamorTmeoda mamulebi da ar unda<br />
`SeeSvaT laSqarSi~. amis nacvlad, aRniSnuli darbaislebi damkrulvels (e. i.<br />
saeklesio pirs) aiZulebdnen krulvis axsnas, e.i. unarCunebdnen mtaceblebs<br />
mitacebul saeklesio qonebas. qveyanaSi sxva uamravi Seviwroebac xdeboda<br />
sasuliero pirebisa. amis gamo 1263 wels Sekrebilma saeklesio sxdomam mefe<br />
gaafrTxila _ `amisni mqnelni varT: arc mironsa gavxsniT, saqarTveloisa<br />
eklesiaTa davbeWdavT, xucesTa davayenebT wirvisa, naTvlisa da samkvdroTa
ziarebisagan~ 446 . ra Sedegi unda mohyoloda morwmune qristianTa qveyanaSi<br />
RvTismsaxurebis totalur akrZalvas? dasavleT evropaSi msgavs situaciaSi<br />
aRSfoTebuli mosaxleoba taxtidan Camoagdebda xolme xelmwifes, romelic<br />
amave dros eklesiis mier iyo gankveTili. maSasadame, saqarTveloSic am<br />
qmedebas mefis taxtidan Camogdeba unda mohyoloda Sedegad. rogorc Cans,<br />
mongolebis drosac eklesias kvlav hqonda saxelmwifo xelisuflebaze<br />
zemoqmedebis mZlavri iaraRi, rac aisaxa kidec saeklesio saqmeTa gamocemul<br />
ZeglisweraSi. es sakiTxi ganxilulia qvemoT 1263 wlis saeklesio krebis<br />
gadmocemisas.<br />
XVII saukunis Semdeg, iranisa da osmaleTis agresiisa da qarTvelTa<br />
erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebis dasustebis gamo, aRmosavleTi<br />
saqarTvelo iranis xeldebul qveynad gadaiqca, mesxeTi ki _ osmaleTisa.<br />
saeklesio saqmeebSi iranis Sahebi da mmarTvelebi ereodnen, romelnic zogjer<br />
gamoscemdnen kidec Sesabamis sigelebs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio saqmeTa<br />
Sesaxeb, zogjer patriarqebis damtkicebis saqmeSic ereodnen.<br />
XVII s. dasawyisidan, beri egnataSvilis cnobiT, sparseTis moxelem –<br />
rostom mefe-xanma episkoposebs xelfasebi dauniSna _ `yovelTaTvis jamagiri<br />
ganuwesa~ 447 .<br />
XVII saukunidan, imis Semdeg, rac aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo iranis imperiis<br />
sazRvrebSi moeqca, qarTlis kaTalikosis dadgenaSi saWiro gamxdara iranis<br />
Sahis nebarTva. `1687 w. Sah-solomoni swers firmanSi ioane kaTalikozs<br />
`radgan Tqveni wina moadgile (nikolozi) ar daemorCila nazarali xans, igi<br />
ganvkveTeT da Tqven ioane dagadgineTo~ 448 .<br />
`kaxeTSi saeklesio mamulebs dauwyes dataceba da ciloba, amis gamo 1707<br />
wels `domenti kaTalikosi wavida yeenTan saCivlelad da misi wyalobis<br />
firmaniT kaxeTSi Cavida imam yuli xanTan yarajalaSi, gaariga saqme da mivida<br />
mcxeTaSi~ 449 . `mouZlurda sjuli da ganiryvna wesi saeklesio~ 450 .<br />
`osmalTagan dapyrobis dros qarTuli eklesiis saqmeebSi ereoda osmalos<br />
faSa. Tbilisis dapyrobis Semdeg, 1727 wels iases daxmarebiT besarion<br />
orbelians mousyidia isay-faSa, `Seapara qrTami da miiRo kaTalikozoba 1728<br />
w.~ 451 .<br />
1642 weli _ Sah-sefis firmani <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio mamulebis<br />
mowesrigebis Sesaxeb: `...fadiSahuri SewynarebiT aRzevebulma kaTalikosma<br />
uwyodes... rostom xans... Seuwynarebia Tqveni qristiani meTauris, mesaWeTa<br />
Soris rCeulis Txovna da vedreba, rom saeklesio (samlocvelo) saxlebi<br />
gadaeces Tqveni keTilgonierebis gankargulebaSi, raTa miRebuli (dadgenili)<br />
wesebis Sesabamisad ixarjebodes (Semosavali)...~ 452 .<br />
1684 w. _ `abas ziad-oRlis brZaneba brma episkopos zaqariasaTvis<br />
gasamrjelos daniSvnis Sesaxeb. `gamovida maRali brZaneba masze, rom kaxeTis<br />
olqis fuladi gamosavlebis mmarTvelma wlis dasawyisidan Tanxa 4 Tavrizis<br />
Tumani iuwyos yovelwliur gasamrjelod brma episkopos zaqariasaTvis...~ 453 .<br />
1701 w. _ Sah-sulTan huseinis firmani nazaralis biZaSvilis evdemozis<br />
kaTalikosad damtkicebis Sesaxeb. `...ayvanilia Cveni brZanebiT kaTalikosis<br />
xarisxze yofili kaTalikosis ioanes gardacvalebis dRidan... <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
mcxovreblebma aRiaron qristianTa uwyebuli rCeuli ama mxarisa<br />
damoukidebel kaTalikosad~ 454 .
`gamovida maRali brZaneba... kaTalikosis soflebisa da mxareebis<br />
gafantuli glexebi... romel kuTxeSic iyon, Sekribon da daamkvidron TavianT<br />
sacxovrebel adgilebze... danarCen <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> miwa-wyalis qarTvelebma<br />
winaaRmdegoba ar gauwion mimofantuli glexebis TavianT `adgil-mamulisaken<br />
dabrunebaSi~ 455<br />
`XVII saukunis damdegs mcxeTaSi jariT misuli Sah-abasi windebis amara<br />
Sevida sveticxovelSi, Tayvani sca mas, xolo samRvdeloebas yvela mamulis<br />
xelSeuxebloba firmaniT daumtkica~ 456 .<br />
sparseTis Sahi nadiris 1742 wlis firmanSi vkiTxulobT Semdegs:<br />
`wyalobiTa uzenaesi RmrTisaTa gamoica umaRlesi brZaneba:<br />
maRalxarisxovanma kaxeTis moadgilem Teimuraz xanma, qarTlisa da kaxeTis<br />
samRvdeloebasTan da Tavad-aznaurobasTan erTad, momaxsenes, rom maTi<br />
kaTalikozi gardaicvala, xolo mis adgilas aurCeviaT maRal-usamRvdeloesi<br />
nikolozi da mTxoven mis damtkicebas. maTi survilis Tanaxmad, vamtkiceb<br />
nikolozs kaTalikozis xarisxSi da am wlis damdegidan vuniSnav, winandeli<br />
kaTalikozebis magaliTis mixedviT, jamagirs 1000 maneTs nadirisas, raTa igi<br />
aRasrulebdes am Tanamdebobas...~ 457 .<br />
ori wlis Semdeg kaTalikozi nikolozi gardaicvala da mis adgilze<br />
arCeul iqna anton I. igive Sahi amtkicebs am kaTalikozsac da valad uwesebs:<br />
`ganage Seni samwyso mandauri wesebisa da CveulebaTa Tanaxmad, mcxovrebTa<br />
sasiamovnod, xolo Tavadebs, didebulebsa da xalxs brZanebas aZlevs: `miiReT<br />
igi Tqvens kaTalikosad, samRvdeloebis Tavadad da yvela sasuliero saqmeSi<br />
ufrosad~ 457 . 1620-iani wlebidan qarTl-kaxeTs mahmadiani mmarTvelebi<br />
marTavdnen, ramac saeklesio wyaroebsac Taviseburi saxe misca.<br />
mTlianad gansxvavdeboda saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis mxriv dasavleT<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia. aq kaTalikoss kvlavindeburad irCevda adgilobrivi<br />
saeklesio kreba. radganac dasavleT saqarTvelom, anu `afxazeTis<br />
sakaTalikosom~ SeinarCuna TavisTavadoba da arc erTi ucxoeli saxelmwifo<br />
mis kaTalikosss ar amtkicebda da xelfass ar uxdida, cxadia, misi meTauri<br />
miiCneoda `ufros anu uxuces~ pirvelierarqad aRmosavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
pirvelierarqTan mimarTebisas (gansxvavebiT Zveli saukuneebisagan). amis<br />
Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdian antioqieli da ierusalimeli patriarqebi: XVII s-is<br />
ierusalimeli patriarqi dosiTeosi wers: `iberiaSi ori avtokefaluri<br />
arqiepiskoposia, romelTac qarTvelebi uwodeben kaTalikosebs. qvemo iberia,<br />
romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs da lazikas uwodebdnen, aqvs eparqiebi imereTSi,<br />
guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi, svaneTsa da mesxeTis nawilSi. es eparqiebi<br />
eqvemdebarebodnen konstantinopolis saydars fasidis mitropolitis<br />
saSualebiT... herakle keisris Semdeg - lev isavrosamde qvemo iberia ukve iyo<br />
avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposo... qvemo iberiis kaTalikosi pativiT ufro<br />
metia zemo iberiis kaTalikosze.... iberebi qvemo iberiis kaTolikoss miiCneven<br />
ufrosad, radgan mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi, iwodeba mefeTa-mefed~ 458 .<br />
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mahmadianebis batonobis dros, imereTis, anu<br />
qvemo iberiis samefom da eklesiam SeinarCunes Zveli damoukidebloba,<br />
amitomac `qvemo iberiis~ (afxazeTis) kaTalikosis pativi ufro metad iqna<br />
aRiarebuli.<br />
imaves wers meore ierusalimeli patriarqi qrisanTo anu xrisanfi _<br />
`saqarTveloSi... arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa, iwodeba imereTis, oseTis,
guriis da sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc ufrosi zemo<br />
iberiis kaTalikosze, xolo meore, e.i. zemo iberiisa, iwodeba qarTlis,<br />
kaxeTis, albaneTis da sruliad zemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad~ 459 .<br />
imis gamo, rom aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mahmadianebi batonobdnen, xolo<br />
dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mmarTveli samefo zedafena kvlavac iyo qristianuli<br />
da eklesia marTuli sakuTari krebis mier, amitomac dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTalikosebi, zogjer `sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikozebs~ uwodebdnen<br />
TavianT Tavs, magaliTad kaTalikosi grigol lorTqifaniZe XVIII s-is<br />
dasawyisSi: `grigol mwyemsi qristes mier yovlisa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a<br />
kaTalikozi~ 460 .<br />
am droisaTvis aRmosavleT saqarTvelo ganixileboda viTarca iranis<br />
imperiis Semadgeneli nawili, qarTlisa da kaxeTis `samefoebs~ marTaven<br />
iraneli moxeleebi, Tumca eTnikurad qarTvelebi, konfesiurad ki _<br />
gamahmadianebulebi. am droisaTvis saeklesio mamulebi, gansakuTrebiT ki<br />
kaxeTSi mitacebuli iqna saero xelisufalTa mier. amave dros garkveul<br />
centridanul midrekilebas amJRavnebda alaverdeli episkoposi, romelsac<br />
faqtobrivad emxrobodnen kaxeli episkoposebi. iranis xelisuflebis mier<br />
sakaTalikoso taxtze damtkicebuli (aseTi damtkiceba aucilebeli iyo)<br />
kaTalikos-patriarqi domenti IV (1705-41) am saqmeTa mosagvareblad gaemgzavra<br />
ispahanSi da miaRwia imas, rom iranis Sahma mcxeTis sakaTalikosos daumtkica<br />
kaxeTis saeklesio mamulebi. es iyo didi gamarjveba mcxeTis sakaTalikoso<br />
mTlianobis SesanarCuneblad, vaxtang VI-is ruseTSi gadaxvewis Semdeg<br />
osmalebma xelSi aiRes aRmosavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> xelisufleba, domenti IV<br />
gaemgzavra stambolSi, sadac mas agreTve daumtkices mcxeTis saeklesio<br />
mamulebi (Tumca samSobloSi aRar gamouSves). erTi sityviT, zogjer<br />
samarTlis wyaros mcxeTis sakaTalikososTvis (am droisaTvis) dampyrobelTa<br />
xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebani warmoadgenda.<br />
iqamde vaxtang VI-m moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelmac `aRadgina<br />
darRveuli saeklesio samarTali~ (nazrali xanis epoqaSi dairRva).<br />
krebam gadaayena saero xelisuflebis mier dasmuli kaTalikosi da<br />
mcxeTis kaTalikosad janiSinis Zma domenti airCia, rasac mcxeTis<br />
memamuleobis aRdgena mohyva. 1707 wels domenti kaTalikosma Sahis brZanebiT<br />
feodalebs minatacebi ukan daabrunebina~ 461 . Tumca, cxadia, ZiriTadad,<br />
saeklesio samarTlis wyaros kvlav adgilobrivi krebebi (`darbazis kari~)<br />
warmoadgenda.<br />
`Tavisi samarTlis wigni vaxtangma darbaiselTa (e.i. saero da saeklesio<br />
maRali feodalebis) uSualo monawileobiT Seadgina~ 462 .<br />
rogorc iTqva, kaTolikos-patriarqma domenti IV-m (1705-1741) imas miaRwia,<br />
rom 1710 wels kaxeTis mefes daviT II (imamyulixans) daawerina sakaTalikoso<br />
mamulebis mflobelobis simtkicis sigeli (domenti IV-m vaxtangis iranSi<br />
yofnis dros scada samefo taxtis dakaveba!) 463 .<br />
dampyrobTa neba Cvens saeklesio cxovrebazec moqmedebda imave doziT,<br />
rogorc osmaleTis imperiaSi arsebul sxva marTlmadidebel sapatriarqoebze.<br />
E5. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi
1745 wlidan qarTl-kaxeTis samefo taxtze qristiani mefis kvlav asvlis<br />
Semdeg (Teimuraz II, erekle II), mTavar saeklesio sakanonmdeblo organos<br />
kvlavindeburad adgilobrivi krebebi warmoadgendnen. magram am dros ukve<br />
mefeebisaTvis samagaliTo orientirad gadaiqca is damokidebuleba<br />
saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebas Soris, romelic im epoqis ruseTis<br />
imperiaSi arsebobda. kerZod, ruseTis msgavsad, saqarTveloSic Zalze<br />
gaizarda saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebze mefeebis gavlena. magaliTad,<br />
anton I-is Sesaxeb cnobil krebas (1755-56 w.) mefe Teimurazi TviTon<br />
karnaxobda dadgenilebis saxes, Teimurazma da ereklem krebis dadgenileba<br />
gamoaqveynes kidec piradi gadawyvetilebis saxiT. Tumca antonis dabrunebis<br />
Semdeg krebebma TiTqmis kvlav daibrunes Zveli saxe (es sakiTxi ganxilulia<br />
Sesabamisi krebebis ganxilvisas).<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sakaTalikosoSi da, saerTod,<br />
dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samefosa da samTavroebSi damokidebuleba saxelmwifo<br />
da sasuliero xelisuflebas Soris kvlav Zvel qarTul saxes inarCunebda,<br />
kerZod, Tu aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mahmadianebis gabatonebis gamo es<br />
wonasworoba irRveoda, dasavleT saqarTveloSi igi SenarCunebuli iyo da<br />
TviT XIX s-Si rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis drosac ki arsebobda. igi<br />
sabolood moiSala 1820-ian wlebSi, imereTis cnobili `cerkovni buntis~<br />
CaxSobis Semdeg. magaliTad, imis Semdeg, rac rusebma imereTidan gaaZeves mefe<br />
solomon II da iq Seiyvanes saokupacio jarebi, aRmoaCines, rom imereTis<br />
mosaxleoba imarTeboda romeliRac centridan, romelic avtoritetuli iyo<br />
yvela fenisaTvis. Ziebam daadgina, rom arsebobda e. w. `saxelmwifo sabWo~,<br />
Semdgari oTxi mRvdelmTavrisa (e. i. oTxi berisa) da didebulebisagan (es<br />
sabWo jer kidev mefe solomon II-is qveyanaSi yofnisas misi TanammarTveli<br />
iyo). Cven migvaCnia, rom am sabWoSi Semavali oTxi mRvdelmTavari iyo<br />
gadmonaSTi qarTveli xelmwifis karze myofi `oTxi berisa~, romelic<br />
darbazis da qveynis mmarTvel birTvs Seadgenda da gamoscemda dadgenilebebs<br />
(ix. Sesabamisi krebis ganxilva). SesaZloa, rusebma xalxSi avtoritetuli am<br />
`oTxi beris~ gavleniT daakompleqtes saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri<br />
kantora `oTxi wevriT~ (ix. qvemoT).<br />
6. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis gauqmebisas<br />
XIX s-is dasawyisSi (1801w.) ruseTis imperiam gaauqma <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
saxelmwifoebrioba da misi nawilebi Tavis SemadgenlobaSi Seiyvana. amas<br />
Sedegad mohyva <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba da misi moqceva<br />
ruseTis uwmindesi sinodis mmarTvelobaSi. profesor a. cagarelis azriT,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ruseTis mier aneqsirebis sakiTxi saerTaSoriso samarTlis<br />
sferos ganekuTvneboda, xolo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis daqvemdebareba uwmindesi<br />
sinodis mier warmoadgenda saeklesio samarTlis sakiTxs. am ori samarTlis<br />
ZiriTadi principebi arsebiTad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, maSasadame,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ruseTTan e.w. SeerTebiT ar SeiZleboda gamarTleba misi<br />
avtokefalurobis gauqmebisa. amis magaliTad a. cagarels mohyavda III<br />
msoflio krebis me-8 muxli, romelmac aseTi daqvemdebareba ar dauSva,
miuxedavad imisa, rom rogorc kviprosis eklesia, ise antioqiis sapatriarqo<br />
erT, bizantiis imperaSi mdebareobdnen teritoriulad.<br />
n. durnovosa da qarTveli episkoposebis TvalsazrisiT, ruseTis<br />
uwmindesma sinodma Caidina Semdegi saxis saeklesio ukanonoba: <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis dadgenilebebis da msoflio eklesiis Tanxmobis gareSe gaauqma<br />
Zveli iveriis sakaTalikoso, misi bolo kaTalikos-patriarqi ZaldatanebiT<br />
gaasaxla ucxo qveyanaSi, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias CamoarTva mamulebi, gaauqma<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis adgilobrivi krebebi mTeli saukunis manZilze<br />
(avtokefaliis aRdgenamde), daavala <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias misi krebis<br />
daudgenlad edResaswaula ruseTis eklesiis wmindanTa dReebi, agzavnida<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis mmarTvelad egzarqosebs da sxv. 465 . qarTuli eklesiis<br />
Serwyma rusulTan im dros kanonikurad ar momxdara, radganac es SeiZleboda<br />
momxdariyo mxolod kanonikur safuZvelze, e.i. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a da ruseTis<br />
eklesiaTa adgilobrivi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT, aRmosavleTis patriarqTa<br />
dasturiT, sinamdvileSi ki <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefalia gauqmebuli<br />
iqna imperatoris neba-surviliT. jer kidev 1809 wlis 6 ivniss <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
mTavarmarTebelma generalma tormasovma ruseTis uwmindesi sinodis winaSe<br />
daayena sakiTxi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> umaRlesi sasuliero sammarTvelo organos<br />
dikasteriis Seqmnis Sesaxeb <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikos-patriarq anton II-is<br />
daqvemdebarebaSi. sabolood, imperatoris gadawyvetilebiT kaTalikosi Aanton<br />
II 1810 wlis 3 noembers iZulebiT gagzavnes ruseTSi (faqtobrivad<br />
dapatimrebuli, radganac miuyenes rusi mcvelebi, romlebsac TiTqosda igi<br />
unda daecvaT, raTa gzaze romelime batoniSvils ar moetacna). 1811 wlis<br />
TebervalSi generalma tormasovma sTxova uwmindes sinods Tavis egzarqosad<br />
saqarTveloSi, kaTalikos-patriarqis nacvlad, daeniSna arqiepiskoposi varlam<br />
erisTavi. am ukanasknelma Seadgina `proeqti <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
gardasaqmnelad~, romelic daamtkica imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma 1811 wlis 30<br />
ivniss. am proeqtis Tanaxmad, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias saTaveSi unda Casdgomoda<br />
specialuri organo _ dikasteria, romelSic mRvdelmTavrebTan erTad<br />
arqimandritebica da dekanozebic unda Sesuliyvnen. mcxeTisa da qarTlis<br />
mitropolits unda hqonoda uwmindesi sinodis egzarqosis wodeba. varlam<br />
erisTavs uboZes egzarqosoba da daumtkices ruseTis uwmindesi sinodis<br />
wevroba 466 . es moxda imperatoris brZanebiT.<br />
1814 wlis 30 agvistos Seiqmna saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantora<br />
ruseTis uwmidesi sinodis daqvemdebarebaSi. egzarqosi iwoda saqarTveloimereTis<br />
egzarqosad, igi iyo Tavmjdomare kantorisa. amasTanave, quTaisSi<br />
Seiqmna dikasteria imereTis, samegrelosa da guriis eklesiebis samarTavad.<br />
1810-1811 wlebisaTvis aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi iyo Semdegi eparqiebi: 1.<br />
mcxeTis; 2. sionis anu Tbilisis; 3. samTavros; 4. ruisis; 5. <strong>walkis</strong>; 6.<br />
samTavisis; 7. urbnisis; 8. niqozis; 9. alaverdis; 10. ninowmindis; 11. rusTavis;<br />
12. nekresis; 13. bodbis. maTi gamgeblobis qveS iyos 799 eklesia, 7<br />
arqiepiskoposi, 746 mRvdeli, 146 diakvani, 661 eklesiis momsaxure, 75 beri, 6<br />
arqimandriti (qvabTaxevisa, SiomRvimisa, ikorTisa, daviT garejis ioane<br />
naTlismcemlisa, SuamTisa, largvisisa da Tirisa 467 ), imereTSi iyo Semdegi<br />
eparqiebi: 1. quTaisis; 2. gaenaTis; 3. xonis; 4. raWis _ 620 eklesiiTa da 15<br />
monastriT, samegreloSi iyo 3 <strong>eparqia</strong>: 1. Wyondidis (martvilis); 2. caiSis; 3.<br />
cageris - 233 eklesiiT. guriaSi iyo erTi <strong>eparqia</strong> _ ozurgeTisa. afxazeTi
Sedioda samegrelos <strong>eparqia</strong>Si. magaliTad, samegrelos gaerTianebuli<br />
eparqiis mitropoliti geronti papitaSvili (1859-1862) _ afxazeTis episkoposi<br />
iyo.<br />
saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kantorasa da egzarqoss daevalaT<br />
SeemcirebinaT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samRvdeloebis ricxvi, aRar moexdinaT axlebis<br />
kurTxeva, radganac imperiaSi miaCndaT, rom maTi raodenoba isedac Zalze<br />
didi iyo. aseve, Tavidanve miznad iyo dasaxuli SeemcirebinaT saqarTveloSi<br />
saepisko-posoebis (eparqiebis) ricxvi. marTlac, saeklesio reformis Semdeg<br />
aRmosavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> 13 <strong>eparqia</strong> 2 <strong>eparqia</strong>d iqna gaerTianebuli. imereTis 4<br />
<strong>eparqia</strong>, 1819 wlis 19 noembris brZanebiT, 1 <strong>eparqia</strong>d iqna gaerTianebuli, 1829<br />
wlisaTvis samegreloSi 3-is nacvlad 1 <strong>eparqia</strong> iqna datovebuli, isic 1874 w.<br />
gaauqmes, miuerTes imereTis kaTedras (samegrelos episkoposs ewoda vikaruli<br />
episkoposi). guriis (jumaTis) samitropolito 1833 wels SeuerTes imereTis<br />
<strong>eparqia</strong>s. sxvadasxva wels sistematurad mimdinareobda <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta SeerTeba,<br />
gauqmeba da kvlav aRdgena 468 .<br />
ruseTis saxelmwifo xazinaSi ruseTis imperiam gadaricxa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
saeklesio miwebi, saerTo raodenobiT sul 539.649 desetina, agreTve, ruseTis<br />
saxazino uwyebas gadaeca saeklesio glexebi _ 15147 komli. xazinisaTvis<br />
gadacemuli miwebis fasi ganisazRvra 680.031.250 maneTad (faqtobriv<br />
Rirebulebaze naklebad). am mamulebis sakompensaciod <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
saegzarqosos xazinidan yovelwliurad eZleoda 106.000 maneTi 469<br />
saeklesio mamulebis saxazino fondSi gadasvlis procesma gaiara 3<br />
safexuri. I safexurze, 1811 wlidan 1841 wlamde, saeklesio aznaurebi TavianTi<br />
yma-mamuliT gadairicxnen saxazino uwyebaSi, sekularizaciis II etapi moicavda<br />
1843-1852 wlebs da ewodeboda _ `uZravi saeklesio mamulebis saxazino<br />
uwyebaSi gadasvla~. III etapze, 1853-1869 wlebSi, yvela dasaxlebuli Tu<br />
dausaxlebeli saeklesio miwa samudamod gadaeca saxazino mmarTvelobas,<br />
kirionis azriT, amis sanacvlod sasuliero uwyebas eniSneboda yovelwliuri<br />
Semosavali 760.000 maneTi 470 .<br />
rogorc rusuli saeklesio-samoqalaqo kanonmdebloba gvamcnobs, ruseTis<br />
uwmindes sinods uSualod emorCileboda ori sinodaluri kantora: moskovisa<br />
da saqarTvelo-imereTisa (Грузино-Имеретинская), <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eparqiebisaTvis<br />
sinodis ganyofilebis movaleobas asrulebda `saqarTvelo-imereTis<br />
sinodaluri kantora~ egzarqosis meTaurobiT. irCevda kandidatebs vakantur<br />
adgilebze da udgenda sinods dasamtkiceblad~.<br />
1. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kantoras Tavmjdomareobda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
egzarqosi. am kantoris wevrebs niSnavda uwmindesi sinodi 471 .<br />
2. egzarqosi iniSneboda umaRlesi (e.i. saimperatoro) brZanebulebiT,<br />
uwmindesi sinodis wevris wodebiT (1811 wlis 30 ivlisis da 1817 wlis 14<br />
martis brZanebulebiT).<br />
3. saqarTvelo-imereTis kantora, uwmindesi sinodis mier dakisrebul uSualo<br />
movaleobaTa garda, ixilavda agreTve <strong>eparqia</strong>luri mRvdelmTavrebisagan<br />
miRebul saqmeebs (egzarqatis farglebSi) da wyvetda maT wevrebis saerTo<br />
TanxmobiT. uTanxmoebis SemTxvevaSi, gadascemda uwmindes sinods 472 .<br />
4. unda hyoloda uSualo meTvalyureobis qveS adgilobrivi berZnuli<br />
samRvdeloeba, nebismieri darRveva unda ecnobebina sinodisaTvis, raTa mas
Tavis mxriv euwyebina patriarqebisaTvis da, saerTod, aRmosavleTis<br />
eklesiebisa da monastrebis saqmeebze, romelnic Sediodnen egzarqatis<br />
sazRvrebSi, kontroli unda daewesebina 472 . (igulisxmeba, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a da kavkasiaSi aRmosavleTis, e.i. antioqia-ierusalimis<br />
patriarqebs TavianTi eklesia-monastrebi da mamulebi hqondaT).<br />
5. kantoras evaleboda RvTismsaxurTa gasamarTleba da SeeZlo maTTvis<br />
danaSaulisaTvis wodebis CamorTmeva 472 .<br />
6. gascemda metrikul mowmobebs da samRvdeloTa mier gacemulT amowmebda.<br />
7. mis gamgeblobaSi Sedioda qarTl-kaxeTis (<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>), imereTisa da<br />
samegrelos yvela saeklesio qoneba, misi yvela SemosavliTa da gasavliT,<br />
amitomac iRebda yvela mRvdelmTavrisagan angariSebs <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta mixedviT<br />
da yovelwliurad amis Sesaxeb cnobas aZlevda uwmindes sinods 472<br />
8. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantoris kancelaria imyofeboda<br />
uwmindesi sinodis oberprokuroris mier gamorCeuli prokuroris<br />
uwyebaSi 472 .<br />
saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kantoras ufro meti uflebamosileba<br />
hqonda, vidre moskovisas.<br />
saerTod, TviTon uwmindesi sinodi dawesda gauqmebuli rusuli<br />
sapatriarqo mmarTvelobis (1588-1700 ww.) sanacvlod, 1721 wels imperator<br />
petre I-is brZanebiT. uwmindes sinods urTierToba ministrebsa da umaRles<br />
saero pirebTan unda hqonoda sinodis oberprokuroris saSualebiT. ruseTSi<br />
patriarqobis Semdeg deformirebul iqna iqamde rusul saxelmwifosa da<br />
eklesias Soris arsebuli simfonia. saxelmwifo warmarTavda yovelgvar<br />
saeklesio saqmianobas, mkacrad akontrolebda saeklesio cxovrebas. krebebs<br />
aRar iwvevdnen. maT nacvlad dadgenil iqna e.w. `mcire kreba _ uwmindesi<br />
sinodi~, romelic gadaiqca saeklesio xelisuflebis umaRles organod. amave<br />
dros uwmindesi sinodi iyo saxelmwifo dawesebuleba, senatis, saxelmwifo<br />
sabWos anda ministrTa kabinetis msgavsad. sinodis yvela dadgenileba<br />
gamodioda tvifriT: `misi imperatorobiTi udidebulesobis brZanebiT~, misi<br />
vizireba unda moexdina agreTve sinodis oberprokurors 473 .<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, 1815 wlidan dikasteria quTaisSic unda daarsebuliyo,<br />
magram Seqmnili viTarebis gamo rusulma xelisuflebam ver SeZlo<br />
dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba. mas meTaurobda<br />
afxazTa kaTalikosis adgilze mjdomi mitropoliti dosiTeos quTaTeli<br />
(wereTeli), romelsac 1798 wels solomon II-m uboZa kaTalikosoba, magram<br />
dosiTeosma faqtobrivad ar ineba am umaRlesi titulis miReba, radganac<br />
surda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiuri gaerTianeba qarTlis kaTalikos-patriarqis<br />
erTmTavrobiT. qveynis politikuri gaerTianebis momxre iyo gaenaTeli<br />
mitropoliti eqvTime (efTvime ServaSiZe, guriis erisTavis Svili).<br />
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio qoneba aRweres da igi saqarTveloimereTis<br />
sinodalur kantoras dauqvemdebares. imereTSi rusebs eklesiis<br />
qonebis aRwera xalxma ar daaneba, miuxedavad egzarqos varlamisa da 1817<br />
wlidan egzarqos Teofane rusanovis mcdelobisa. imereTis saeklesio ajanyeba<br />
usastikesad CaaxSves 1820 wels. eklesiis damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli<br />
mitropolit dosiTeos quTaTelis Sesaxeb gaica brZaneba: `Tu cocxali igdeT<br />
xelT _ mokaliT, magram misi cxedari mand ar datovoT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> gareT<br />
unda davmarxoT~. dosiTeosi cemiT mokles tomaraSi xelfexSekruli.
eqvTime genaTeli Seipyres da novgorodSi gadaasaxles. imereTis oTxi<br />
saepiskoposo gauqmda da maT nacvlad Seiqmna erTi <strong>eparqia</strong> _ 618 eklesiiT, 15<br />
monastriT, 693 mRvdliT, 1800 saeklesio glexis komliT, 130 saeklesio<br />
aznauris komliT, 186 saeklesio aznaurebis glexebis komliT, saeklesio<br />
qoneba imarTeboda saeklesio mouravebis institutis mier 474 . `saqarTveloimereTis<br />
sinodaluri kantora <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> egzarqosis TavmjdomareobiT~<br />
Sedgeboda oTxi wevrisagan: 3 arqimanditi da 1 dekanozi 775 .<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saegzarqosos umTavresi mizani iyo aTaswleulTa manZilze<br />
dagrovili qarTuli saeklesio qonebis gadacema ruseTis xazinisaTvis, rasac<br />
miaRwies XIX s-is 50-ian wlebSi, amis Semdeg umTavres orientirad daisaxa<br />
qarTveli xalxis garuseba rusuli saeklesio mmarTvelobis meSveobiT. am<br />
epoqaSi rusuli eklesia da misi nawili <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saegzarqoso imperiuli<br />
mmarTvelobis Semadgeneli erTeuli iyo.<br />
7. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg<br />
1917 wlis krebebma (marti-seqtemberi) aRadgina <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
avtokefalia, mas saTaveSi Caudga uwmindesi da unetaresi sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikos-patriarqi.<br />
am krebebiT daiwyo axali periodi Cveni erisa da eklesiis cxovrebaSi<br />
kvlavindeburad aRdgenil iqna adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebis, rogorc<br />
umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo organoebis mowveva. 1917 wlidan 1995 wlis CaTvliT<br />
krebaTa angariSebi mocemulia Sesabamis adgilze. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia is<br />
krebebi, romelTac gamosces `marTva-gamgeobis debulebebi~. isini 1917, 1920,<br />
1928, 1945, 1995 wlebSi gamoica.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias samarTlis sferoSi ukve aRar<br />
eWira is adgili, romelic tradiciuli iyo misTvis, vidre TiTqmis<br />
avtokefaliis gauqmebamde.<br />
ruseTis wmida sinodisa da imperiis saxelmwifo moxeleebisaTvisac ki<br />
cnobili iyo is faqti, rom XX s. avtokefaluri moZraoba miznad isaxavda<br />
ara mxolod saeklesio damoukideblobis aRdgenas, aramed mis saboloo<br />
mizans warmoadgenda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena (`Tavisufal<br />
eklesias gverdiT amovuyenoT damoukidebeli saqarTvelo~ _ leonides<br />
sityvebia).<br />
avtokefaluri moZraobis wiaRSi warmoiSva idea <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
administraciuli gaerTianebisa. saqme is iyo, rom imJamad arsebobda<br />
Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebi, soxumis, zaqaTalisa da baTumis okrugebi,<br />
magram erTiani administraciuli erTeuli `saqarTvelo~ ar arsebobda.<br />
qarTveli eris konsolidaciisaTvis am ueWvelad pirvelxarisxovan problemas<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miapyro 1904-1917 wlebSi Catarebulma uamravma,<br />
TiTqmis 100-ze metma saeklesio krebam, ufro metic, swored qarTuli eklesiis<br />
wiaRSi da masTan daaxloebul inteligentTa wreebSi Camoyalibda axali idea,<br />
rom ruseTis imperiis wiaRSi ara mxolod Camoyalibebuliyo administraciuli<br />
erTeuli `saqarTvelo~, aramed mas hqonoda saxelmwifoebrivi avtonomiac.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtonomiis moTxovnas sastikad ewinaaRmdegebodnen<br />
saqarTveloSi imJamad liderobis mqone socialisturi orientaciis partiebi,
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg 1918-1921 wlebSi arsebul<br />
saxelmwifos saTaveSi Caudgnen iqamde misi Tavisuflebis mowinaaRmdege<br />
socialistebi (menSevikebi), amasTan, isini aRmoCndnen mkveTrad gamoxatuli<br />
aTeisturi orientaciisa (iseve, rogorc maTi Tanapartieli bolSevikebi<br />
ruseTSi), amis gamo moxda ise, rom sabWoTa ruseTis mier <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
okupaciamde (25.02.1921) ramdenime dRiT adre xelisuflebam miiRo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
konstitucia, romelSic mTlianad iyo ignorirebuli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
aTaswlovani samociqulo eklesia, ufro metic, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifos<br />
Semqmneli mraval-milioniani qarTveli xalxis erovnuli sarwmunoeba –<br />
marTlmadidebloba gaTanabrebuli iyo qveyanaSi arsebul mcire samwysos<br />
mqone sxvadasxva konfesiebTan. ase, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifos Seqmnis<br />
erT-erTi iniciatori da misTvis ideurad TavdadebiT mebrZoli qarTuli<br />
eklesia `gamoyves~ saxel-mwifosagan. amiT mTlianad gadaWres eklesiis<br />
normaluri arsebobisa da ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro ekonomikuri ZarRvi.<br />
qarTuli eklesia kerZo organizaciad gadaiqca. amgvar qmedebebs Sedegad<br />
mohyva qveyanaSi erovnul-patriotuli suliskveTebis dacema, nihilizmi, ramac<br />
gauadvila ruseTs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> xelmeore okupacia da aneqsireba 1921 wels,<br />
Camoyalibda axali urTierToba eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris. XX s-Si<br />
arsebul am urTierTobas kargad gamoxatavs `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sabWoTa<br />
socialisturi respublikis kanonmdebloba eklesiis Sesaxeb~, kerZod misi me-<br />
11 muxlis Tanaxmad `eklesia CamoSorebulia saxelmwifos, skola _ eklesias~.<br />
1921 wlis 15 aprils dekretis `saxelmwifos eklesiisa da eklesiisagan<br />
skolis gamoyofis Sesaxeb~ me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad, `saeklesio da religiur<br />
sazogadoebebs ara aqvT neba kerZo sakuTrebis flobisa, agreTve iuridiuli<br />
pirovnebebis uflebasac moklebulni arian~. msgavsia am dekretis yvela<br />
muxli, sinamdvileSi, eklesiaze uxeSad zemoqmedebda saxelmwifo Tavisi<br />
damsjeli manqanis meSveobiT, romlis erT xilul nawils XX s. II naxevarSi<br />
`religiur saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati~ ewoda.<br />
XX s-is 90-ian wlebSi ssrk-is rRvevis Sedegad kvlav warmoiSva<br />
damoukidebeli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifo. samwuxarod, jerjerobiT ar Cans<br />
arsebiTi niSani imisa, rom simfoniuri urTierToba erovnul eklesiasa da<br />
erovnul saxelmwifos Soris, romelic damaxasiaTebeli iyo Zvel<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>aTvis, kvlav aRdges, rom eklesia ar iyos kanonmdeblobiT<br />
gamoyofili saxelmwifoebriv-saqyveyno cxovrebidan. arc im faqts eqceva<br />
yuradReba, rom msoflios umravles demokratiul qveynebSi arseboben<br />
`erovnuli~, `saxalxo~ saxelmwifoebrivi statusis mqone eklesiebi, romelTac<br />
miniWebuli aqvT ufleba kurirebdnen aRzrda-ganaTlebisa da socialur<br />
sistemebs, yuradReba miapyron xalxis moralur-zneobrivi saxis<br />
gaumjobesebas. risTvisac eZlevaT Sesabamisi subsidiebi, imedia, es<br />
mdgomareoba CvenSic gaumjobesdeba.<br />
am mxriv did imeds gvisaxavs 2002 wlis 14 oqtombers <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-isa da <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
prezidentis mier xelmowerili `konstituciuri SeTanxmeba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
saxelmwifosa da <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samociqulo eklesiis avtokefalur<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris~. es dokumenti damtkicebulia parlamentisa<br />
da wmida sinodis mier da amJamad ZalaSia Sesuli.
nawili II.<br />
Tavi I.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
sakanonmdeblo krebebi<br />
1. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis `Zegliswera~<br />
ruis-urbnisis cnobil saeklesio krebas mravali gamokvleva miuZRvnes<br />
gamoCenilma qarTvelma mecnierebma. ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, igi<br />
`Cveulebrivi, morigi kreba ki ara, aramed sagangebo da gansakuTrebuli<br />
yriloba yofila~ 476 .
unda aRiniSnos, rom e. gabiZaSvili krebis mowvevis TariRad miiCnevs 1105<br />
wels 477 . tradiciuli TvalsazrisiT, es kreba 1103 wels moiwvia daviT<br />
aRmaSenebelma. r. metrevelis mixedviT, kreba mowveul iqna 1104 wels 478 . 1103<br />
wliT krebis daTariRebas xels TiTqosda is uSlis, rom krebis Zegliswera<br />
asea dasaTaurebuli: `ZeglisweraБ wmidisa da RmrTivSekrebulisa krebisaБ,<br />
romeli Semokrba brZanebiTa keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTiv dacvulisa mefisa<br />
Cuenisa daviT afxazTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa da kaxTa mefisaБTa, pirTaTВs,<br />
romelni quemo moГsenebul arian~ 479 . miRebuli TvalsazrisiT ki, 1103<br />
wlisaTvis kaxeT-hereTi mefes mierTebuli ar hqonda, maSasadame, arc<br />
Sesabamisi tituli gaaCnda, magram am Zeglisweris dasaTaureba SeiZleba<br />
gviani periodis iyos. saerTod ki, k. kekeliZis azriT, `Zegliswera~ metad<br />
sayuradRebo naSTia qarTuli iuridiuli mwerlobisa da ara marto<br />
qarTulis, aramed sazogadoisac, ramdenadac imaSi aRibeWda sazogado<br />
saeklesio-iuridiuli normebi~ 480 .<br />
Zegliswera iwyeba saRvTismetyvelo vrceli SesavliT. saqarTveloSi<br />
qristianobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb masSi gadmocemulia fundamenturi<br />
Tvalsazrisi, rom andria mociqulma mxolod dasavleT anda samxreT<br />
saqarTveloSi ki ar iqadaga, aramed `mTel saqarTveloSi~ da mis dros ara<br />
qarTvelTa erTma jgufma miiRo qristianoba qveynis romelime kuTxeSi _<br />
aramed mTeli qarTveli eris umetesobam. II-III saukuneebSi qristianoba<br />
idevneboda da qristianTa ricxvic Semcirda, amitomac saWiro Seiqna wmida<br />
ninos qadageba, samefo saxlis moqceva. Zegliswera yuradRebas miapyrobs, rom<br />
wmida ninom mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelo ki ar gaanaTla, aramed<br />
sruliad saqarTvelo, mTeli qarTveli eri. Tu raoden didmniSvnelovania<br />
aseTi Tvalsazrisi, iqidanac Cans, rom dResac ki wmida ninos aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi moRvawed da mefe mirians aRmosavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefed<br />
miiCneven, Zeglisweris mixedviT ki mefe miriani sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefe<br />
iyo da mis dros rogorc dasavleTma, ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelom<br />
erTdroulad miiRo qristianoba. ase rom, XI-XII saukuneTa saqarTveloSi<br />
erovnuli TviTSemecneba, erisa da qveynis sulieri mTlianobis Segneba<br />
gacilebiT ufro maRal doneze idga, vidre Semdgom, dRevandel dRemde.<br />
Sesabamisi teqsti aseTia: `...pirvelwodebuli andria, Zma Tavisa mociqulTaisa<br />
petresi, vidre Cvendamdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxorebeli qadageba saxarebisa<br />
yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa da uricxvni simravleni erTani ganaSora<br />
sacdurisagan... umravlesman erman qarTlisaman simravlesa Sina Jamisasa<br />
daiviwya qadagebai igi mociqulTai da sacTurisave mimarT kerpTaisa<br />
miaqcia~ 481 . amitomac RmerTma mogvivlina wmida nino, romelmac `sarwmunoebasa<br />
mimarT Tvisisa miizida yoveli savsebaБ yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisaБ~ 482 .<br />
mis qadagebaTa Semdgom qarTvelTa mefem mirianma konstantine didis nebiT<br />
mcxeTaSi Camoiyvana antioqieli patriarqi evstaTi: `wmidaTa mier xelTa misTa<br />
naTel-iRo man da yovelman erman qarTlisaman~ 482 . rogorc aRvniSneT, teqstSi<br />
xazgasmulia mTeli qarTveli erisa da mTeli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> erTdrouli<br />
gaqristianeba Savi zRvidan somxeT-albaneTamde. aRsaniSnavia, rom es wyaro<br />
`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>~ uwodebs mTel qarTvelTa qveyanas, rogorc mociqulTa, ise<br />
wmida ninos dros. amJamad ki zogierTi mkvlevari krZalavs sityva<br />
`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>~ moxseniebas XI saukunemde. maTi mtkicebiT, es termini
TiTqosda mxolod XI saukuneSi gaCnda da amitomac mxolod mis Semdeg unda<br />
iqnes gamoyenebuli istoriuli faqtebis gadmocemisas. rogorc aRiniSna, ruisurbnisis<br />
Zegliswera mociqulTa da wmida ninos droindel qarTvelTa<br />
qveyanas rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT nawilebs `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>~ uwodebs.<br />
amitomac CvenTvis swored Zeglisweris midgoma unda iyos arsebiTi da ara<br />
aRniSnuli mkvlevarebisa, amitomac `saqarTvelo~ unda vuwodoT qarTvelTa<br />
qveyanas XI saukunemdec.<br />
aRsaniSnavia meore terminologiuri midgomac. amJamad miCneulia, rom<br />
qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs `kaTolikosi~ ewodeba V saukunis Semdeg da am<br />
sityvasTan akavSireben qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis mopovebas, magram<br />
ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswera `kaTalikoss~ uwodebs qarTuli eklesiis<br />
pirvelive meTaurs IV saukuneSi. antioqielma evstaTim pirveli qarTuli<br />
eklesiis aSenebis Semdeg, `xeldasxmul-yo mas Sina maTTvis episkoposikaTolikosi~<br />
483 . aseve efrem mcirec `kaTalikoss~ uwodebs qarTuli eklesiis<br />
pirvel meTaurs IV saukuneSi. marTlac, IV saukuneSi qristianobis<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi aRiareba da mTeli qveynis momcveli qarTuli eklesiis<br />
organizeba, misi mkacri ierarqiuli struqturidan gamomdinare, swored imas<br />
gulisxmobda, rom mefis qalaqSi mjdomi episkoposi iqca qveynis sayovelTao<br />
ierarqad, sayovelTao episkoposad, romelsac unda daqvemdebarebodnen qveynis<br />
provinciaTa episkoposebi. `kaTalikosi~ swored sayovelTao episkoposs erqva<br />
berZnulad, amitomac Tuki qristianoba namdvilad saerTo-saxalxo<br />
sarwmunoebad iqca IV saukuneSi da imave dros organizebul iqna qarTuli<br />
eklesia, mis pirvel mRvdelmTavars sayovelTao sasuliero Zalaufleba unda<br />
gaevrcelebina kidec mTel qveyanaze. qarTuli eklesiis meTauris dadgenis<br />
cnobis mowodebis Semdeg, `Zegliswera~ exeba msoflio krebaTa kanonebs,<br />
gadmoscems maT da agreTve eklesiis wmida mamaTa mier gamocemul kanonebsac.<br />
kerZod, ruis-urbnisis kreba aRiarebs Svidi msoflio krebis, adgilobrivi<br />
krebebisa da mamaTa mier mocemul kanonebs, `es aris wmida da saeklesio<br />
kanonTa krebuli, dabeWdili da Senaxuli yovelgvari Sematebisa da moklebis<br />
gareSe. amaTi codna, miyola da mtkiced pyroba marTebs yvela qristianul<br />
madideblobis winamZRvar mRvdelmTavars, mRvdlebsa da diakvnebs, Cven Soris<br />
moZRvrad saxeldebul monazvnebs da mTlianad da sruliad<br />
marTlmadidebelT eklesias~ 484 .<br />
amis Semdeg `Zegliswera~ gadmoscems macxovris qveynad mosvlis mizezebsa<br />
da mniSvnelobas, Tu rogor `mogveca pirvelad bunebiTi da merme dawerili<br />
rjuli~. aRwers, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs `qristesmoyvare eris<br />
sasuliero dasTan erTxmobas~, rom `amisTvis iqna qristesmoyvare da<br />
RvTivdaculi mefeebis mier RvTismoyvare episkoposebis da RvTis<br />
saTnomyofeli mamebis krebebis mowveva drodadro, rom saqmiT srulyofili<br />
sarwmunoebiT RmerTTan SeaerTon qristianebi~ 385 ; rom maTi magaliTisamebr<br />
daviT aRmaSenebelma gadawyvita moewvia saeklesio kreba. iqve kidev erTxel<br />
xazgasmiT aRiniSna, rom kreba sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxebis ganxilvas ar<br />
eZRvneboda, radganac qarTvelTa sarwmunoeba ubiwo iyo warsulSi da arc<br />
arasodes raime biwi ar Sexebia. maSasadame, kreba Sedga saeklesio tradiciis<br />
Sesabamisad, rogorc warsulSi RvTismoyvare mefeebi iwvevdnen krebebs.<br />
`amitom Seikriba RvTismoyvare episkoposTa, patiosan mRvdelTa, Rirs<br />
diakvanTa, qristesmoyvare monazonTa, dayudebulTa da meudabnoeTa kreba
qarTlis midamoebSi, or axlos mdebare saepiskoposoSi ruissa da urbnisSi.<br />
qarTvelTa ubiwo sarwmunoebas raime biwi ar Sexebia, es RmerTma nu qnas! ar<br />
gecruvnebiT Sen, Cveni siwmidiT mSobelo wmida kaTolike eklesiav, arca<br />
gagcemT Sen Cveno siamayev – marTlmadideblobav, romlisaTvisac arasodes<br />
gviRalatia, rac misi Secnobis Rirsni gavxdiT, da risi mowmec WeSmaritebaa.<br />
es Sekreba moxda sxva, saeklesio, samRvdelo da saqristiano sakiTxebis<br />
ZiebisaTvis~ 485 .<br />
`ara gecruvnebiT Sen, siwmidiT mSobelo Cveno kaTolike eklesiao, arca<br />
gangceT Sen, siqadulo Cveno marTlmadideblobao~ 486 . krebas<br />
Tavmjdomareobda `yovlisa saqarTveloisa didi mamamTavari (e.i. patriarqi)<br />
yovlad Rirsi mTavarepiskoposi-kaTalikosi~ ioane, e.i. ioane iyo patriarqi<br />
(mamamTavari), kaTalikosi da mTavarepiskoposi.<br />
krebam Tavis mier gamocemuli kanonebis pirveli muxliT gankveTa uRirsi<br />
episkoposebi, romlebic `Rirseulad ver atarebdnen mRvdelmTavris pativs~.<br />
isini krebas arc wyevliT `Seukravs~ da arc SeuCvenebia, aramed misca<br />
eriskacebTan erTad ziarebis neba. isini unda yofiliyvnen mefis<br />
mowinaaRmdege episkoposebi. maT nacvlad SeirCnen sxvebi _ `asakiTac da<br />
saqmiTac sarwmunoni~.<br />
krebis kanonebis meore muxlic episkoposTa asaks Seexeba, rom araa saWiro<br />
maTi kurTxevis dros sulmokleoba da aCqareba. dadginda: episkoposi<br />
xeldasxmul iqnes ocdaTxuTmeti wlisa, mRvdeli ocdaaTi wlisa, diakvani<br />
ocdaxuTi wlisa, wignismkiTxveli rva wlisa (e. gabiZaSvilis mixedviT ara<br />
rva, aramed Tvrameti wlisa).<br />
mesame muxliT aikrZala uwesoba, roca vinme erTsa da imave dRes iRebda<br />
xeldasxmas wignismkiTxvelad, ipodiakvnad, diakvnad da episkoposadac. Tu<br />
raime saWiro mizezi ar aris asaCqareblad, kandidatebma `weli da wlebi unda<br />
dayon TiToeul xarisxSi, ufro metad diakvnobaSi*.~<br />
meoTxe muxliT eklesiebSi gamosayeneblad dakanonda giorgi mTawmidelis<br />
mier Targmnili `didi kurTxevani~.<br />
mexuTe muxliT aikrZala meqrTameoba xeldasxmisas (simonia). damnaSave<br />
ganikveTeboda.<br />
meeqvse muxliT aikrZala nivTebis, siwmideTa WurWlis, eklesiis qonebisa<br />
da oqro-vercxlis moxmareba raime saqmisaTvis, `tyveTa gamosaxsneladac ki~.<br />
meSvide muxliT aikrZala eklesiis gareT naTliscema, qorwineba,<br />
monazvnad aRkveca da sxv.<br />
merve muxliT gvirgvinis pirvelad da meored kurTxevis Jams nefededoflis<br />
ziarebis neba gaica.<br />
mecxre muxliT ganisazRvra, rom meored gvirgvinis kurTxevis Semdeg<br />
mRvdeli ar unda misuliyo qorwilis sufraze. meored jvriswera<br />
nebadarTuli iyo, magram eklesiisaTvis ar iyo saTno.<br />
meaTe muxliT dadginda akrZalva Cvili bavSvebis jvriswerisa, magram maT<br />
mSoblebs neba miecaT Cvili qal-vaJis daniSvnisa. srulwlovanebis miRebis<br />
Semdeg ki neba eZleodaT jvriswerisa, am dros qali ar unda yofiliyo 12<br />
welze umcrosi.<br />
meTerTmete muxli exeboda qorepiskoposebs. isini sjulis da wignis<br />
mcodneni da uangaroni unda yofiliyvnen.
meTormete muxliT Semcirda monastrebSi e.w. `moZRvrebis~ ricxvi (eseni<br />
iyvnen `rjulis mcodneni~, ~merCuleni~), maTi simravle iyo `mravali SfoTisa<br />
da ganxeTqilebis mizezi~ monasterSi mxolod erTi moZRvari (didSi ki<br />
SeiZleba oric) unda yofiliyo (iqamde (erT monasterSi) 5-dan 30-mde iyvnen).<br />
mecamete muxliT aikrZala monastrebSi vaWroba, e.i. eris savaWro Sekreba.<br />
meToTxmete muxliT dadginda: `erT sakurTxevelTan erTi da imave<br />
Sesawiravis SewirviT mravali sulisaTvis mravali mRvdlis mier Jamiswirva<br />
wesi ar aris da ukugdebulia~ 487 . dadginda, rom wirva dayenebuliyo ara erTi<br />
romelime pirisaTvis, aramed yvela qristianisaTvis. erTi kacisaTvis<br />
(cocxlis an micvalebulisaTvis) wirvis dayeneba SeiZleboda mxolod patara<br />
samkveTloSi an egvterSi (eklesiis StoSi).<br />
meTxuTmete muxliT dadginda marTlmadideblobaSi Sesuli yofili<br />
monofizitis (ZvelqarTuliT `xaCecaris~) monaTvla.<br />
meTeqvsmete muxliT aikrZala marTlmadideblebis qorwineba<br />
aramarTlmadideblebTan.<br />
meCvidmete muxlSi aRniSnulia, rom didkacobaSi Sesula Cveva ~kidis-kide~<br />
jvriswerisa, roca jvrisweris dros siZe sxva adgilas iyo, dedofali ki sxva<br />
sofelsa Tu qalaqSi. maT jvars werdnen aseTi saxiT: siZesTan dgeboda<br />
dedoflis warmomadgeneli mamakaci, qalTan ki siZis warmomadgeneli mamakaci,<br />
romelTac jvars werdnen. jvrisweris aseTi saxe, ivane javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad,<br />
im droisaTvis miRebuli yofila dasavleT evropaSi. qarTulma eklesiam igi<br />
akrZala gankanonebiT.<br />
meTvramete muxlSi naTqvamia, rom sodomelTa codvam daamxo sparsTa,<br />
midielTa, somexTa da sxva samefoebi. `ar viciT rogor SemoaRwia am<br />
ukeTurebam qristes moRvawed saxeldebul erSi~, e.i. saqarTveloSi. muxlSi<br />
aRiniSna, rom am codvis mqnelni `ar daimkvidreben kurTxevas~.<br />
mecxramete muxli mimarTulia xatebis Tayvaniscemis uarmyofelTa<br />
winaaRmdeg: `cxadia, RvTis xatis Tayvanismcemeli RmerTs scems Tayvans misi<br />
saSualebiT da RvTis xatis maginebeli RmerTs aginebs ueWvelad, rogorc<br />
wers amas wmidaTa Soris didi basili~ 488 . xatmebrZoli gankveTiT daisjeboda.<br />
krebis mdivani yofila `mefe daviTis monazoni arseni~, romelmac, Cans,<br />
krebis oqmi miarTva mefes Sesabamisi miZRvniT, rac Tan axlavs `Zeglisweras~.<br />
krebam mravalJamieri sicocxle usurva mefe-dedoflebsa da eklesiis<br />
meTaurebs, saukuno xseneba usurva Rirs saeklesio moRvaweebs.<br />
ruis-urbnisis kreba gvaZlevs msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa Semdeg<br />
CamonaTvals:<br />
I. pirveli msoflio kreba: _ `mefeman kostantine Sekriba pirveli da<br />
msoflioБ wmidaБ krebaБ nikeas samas aT rva metTa wmidaTa mamaTani,<br />
romelTa dasxnes kanonni ricxВT ocni~ 489 .<br />
II. `meore wmidaБ da msoflio krebaБ kostantinopolis asergasisTa wmidaTa<br />
mamaTaБ, romelTa kanonni arian ricxВT Svid~ 489 .<br />
III. `mesame efesoБsa wmidaБ da msoflioБ krebaБ mcirisa Tevdosis mefisa mier<br />
Sekrebuli, romelman dasxna kanonni rvani~ 489 .<br />
IV. `meoTxe xalkidons eqvsas ocdaaTTa wmidaTa mamaTaБ msoflioБ krebaБ<br />
keTilad msaxurisa markiane mefisa mier Semokrebuli da ganmawesebeli<br />
kanonTa ricxviT ocdarvaTaБ~ 489 .
V. `mexuTeman wmidaman da msoflioman kostantinopolis Sekrebulman krebaman<br />
mcired izruna saeklesioTa kanonTa ganwesebisaTВs~ 489 .<br />
VI. `meequseman wmidaman da msoflioman krebaman iustinianes ze keTilad<br />
msaxurisa mefisa gumbadsa Sina sameufoБsa palatisasa Sekrebulman aRavso<br />
daklebuli misi... dasxna kanonni ricxviT as da orni, kualad nikiisa<br />
meoreman wmidaman krebaman dasxna kanonni aT rva metni~ 489 .<br />
VII. `wmidasa da meSvidesa wmidaTa xatTaTvis Sekrebulsa msofliosa krebasa<br />
ganuwesebian kanonni ricxviT samni oden 490 .<br />
ruis-urbnisis kreba aRniSnulTa garda CamoTvlis Semdeg `adgilobiT~<br />
krebebs I msoflio krebamde:<br />
`pirveli ankВrias, romelsa daesxnes kanonni ocdaoTxni~ 489 .<br />
`meore neokesarias, damsxmeli kanonTa aToTxmetTai 489 .<br />
I msoflio krebis Semdeg `adgilobiTi krebani~: ~RangrisaБ, romlisa<br />
kanonni arian oc~ 489 .<br />
`antioqiisaБ, damsxmeli kanonTa ocdaxuTTa~ 489 .<br />
`laodikiisaБ frigvisaБ da kanonni misni ocdaerTni~ 489 .<br />
IV msoflio krebis Semdeg `adgilobiTi kreba~:<br />
`karTagenisaБ da kanonni misni asocdaaTrvametni~ 489 .<br />
`gumbadis~ (trulis) krebis Semdeg: `arian sxuanica orni masve sameufosa<br />
qalaqsa eklesiasa Sina wmidaTa da yovlad qebulTa mociqulTasa Sekrebulni<br />
krebani, romelTa ganuCenian kanonni ricxВT aTSvidmetni~ 491 .<br />
msoflio krebaTa kanonebis Semdeg ruis-urbnisis kreba CamoTvlis `mamaTa<br />
mier ganwesebul~ kanonebs:<br />
1. `dionВsios aleqsandriel mTavarepiskoposisa kanonni oTxni~ 491 ;<br />
2. `petre aleqsandrielTa mRvdelTmTavrisa da mowamisa kanonni aTxuT<br />
metni~;<br />
3. `grigoli episkoposisa neokesarielisa sakvirvelTmoqmedisa epistole<br />
kanoniani~;<br />
4. `didisa basilis kanonni oTxmeocdaxuTni~, misive `kanoniani epistoleebi~:<br />
diodores, grigol xucis, `xorepiskoposTa~, `mis queSeTa episkoposTa~,<br />
`amfiloqes mimarT~;<br />
5. `grigoli noselisa kanonni rvani~;<br />
6. timoTe aleqsandrielisa kanonni aTxuTmetni;<br />
7. filoTeos aleqsandrielis sityva, 10 kanoni, 3 epistole;<br />
8. kirile aleqsandrieli mTavarepiskoposis 7 kanoni;<br />
9. wm. genadi konstantinopoleli patriarqis epistole 491 .
uis-urbnisis krebis kanonebi<br />
[ZeglisweraБ ruis-urbnisis krebisaБ]<br />
[1103 w.]<br />
ZeglisweraБ wmidisa da RmrTiv Sekrebulisa krebisaБ, romeli Semokrba<br />
brZanebiTa keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTiv-dacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa daviT<br />
afxazTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa da kaxTa mefisasa, pirTaTВs romelni quemo<br />
moГsenebul arian.<br />
[sruli teqsti]<br />
yovlisave xilulisa da uxilavisa soflisa da yovelTave sacnaurTa da<br />
grZnobadTa bunebaTa araarsisagan arsebad momyvanebelman RmerTman uxilavTa<br />
maT da zesTa soflisaTa ZalTa bunebaБ ukudavebiTa da uxrwnelebiTa Seamko;<br />
xolo quenaБsa amis soflisaganni yovelni qmnisa da xrwnilebisa Soris<br />
ganawesna.<br />
amissa Semdgomad moigona axali raБme da ucxoБ dabadebuli, romelsa<br />
TВT mis Tavadisaca dambadebelisa, da sityВerisa da pirutyВsa da yovlisave<br />
agebulisa bunebisa ziarebaБ Tavsa Soris TВssa moaqundes. da mis mier,<br />
viTarca sazogadoБsa sakrvelisa mier, SeerTebad RmrTisa Semokrbebodin<br />
yovelni dabadebulni; da Tanad xuTnive saxeni yovelTa arsTa<br />
ganyofilebisani daiГsnebodin; romeli viTarca meore raБme sofeli mcire<br />
didsa Sina, anu didi mciresa Sina, daadgina queyanasa zeda, RmrTiv Suenieri<br />
igi da didebuli samoTxe daasxa aRmosavalsa edemisasa.<br />
garna vinaБTgan man nivTad TВTmflobelisa micemuli misda sjuli<br />
winaukumod saRmrToБsa nebisa iГumia, da SuriTa eSmakisaБTa da<br />
ganmcdelobiTa dedakacisaБTa cdomili Zelisa misgan cxorebisa da<br />
samoTxisa da RmrTisa siborotisaTВs eqsoria iqmna da sikudiliTa da<br />
xrwnilebiTa dasjili, bevreulTa vnebaTa da ZВrTa mier uflebul iqmna.<br />
rameTu pirvelad sisxlTa mier ZmisaTa mewamul myofelman ГelTaman kain<br />
kualad meorisa RmrTisa mierisa wyevisa Tanamdeb yo queyanaБ.<br />
merme siboroteman gmirTaman SenanebaБ arwmuna dambadebelsa ucxoБsa mis<br />
cxovelisa kacisa esoden sakvirvelebiT dabadebisaБ; da wyliTa rRunisaБTa<br />
aRГocaБ yovlisa aRmdgomisaБ pirisagan miwisa.
amissa Semdgomad, silaRiTman Гelyofaman godlis maSenebelTaman,<br />
SerevniTa enaTaБTa da mimodayofiTa naTesavTaБTa, meoTxed dasaja naTesavi<br />
kacTaБ.<br />
xolo gamoCinebaman kerpTa siborgilisaman da nacvalad dambadebelisa<br />
msaxurebaman dabadebulisaman sruliad ganaSora da ucxo yo kaci Semoqmedisa<br />
RmrTisagan.<br />
merme RaRadebaman sodomelTa sibilwiT slvisaman wunwubasa Tana<br />
aRreuliTa cecxliTa mowuvad aiZula soflebi xuT qalaqisaБ.<br />
kualad gulficxelobasa faraoБsasa da usaxurebasa megВptelTasa<br />
ucxoTa mZlavrebaTaTВs ucxoБ miego misagebeli, da guamTa maTTa _ ucxod<br />
dammarxveli saflavebi.<br />
amissa Semdgomad didi mose, Sjuli, mRdelobaБ, msxuerplni, salxinebelni<br />
TiTo saxeni, msajulni, mefobaБ, winaБswar-metyuelebaБ, yofadTa winaБswari<br />
cnobaБ, saxis SecvalebiTni RmrTis gamocxadebani.<br />
mermeca kualad kerpTmsaxurebaБ, TВT mis moses mier egВptiT<br />
gamoyvanebulisa da sjuldebulisa, da esodenTa pativTa Rirs-qmnulisa, da<br />
pirmSod Zed aRsarebulisa erisaБ.<br />
amissa Semdgomad kualad mZlavrebaБ, kualad tyueobaБ mravalgzis<br />
mravalTa naTesavTa, da ukuanaБsknel babilovnelTa mieri, romelTa mefisa<br />
RmrTis wina-aRmdgomsa mogonebasa saqmiT amxiles samTa maT WabukTa<br />
israitelTa, raJams sakrvelTa rkinisaTa ganmlevelman saГumilman Seuxeblad<br />
daicvna maTni advilad gansalevnelni Tmani da Sesamoselni, mermeca kualad<br />
qalaqi da taZari, kualad sjuli da mRdelobaБ.<br />
da raodenni raБ iyvnes sjulisani, da sakВrvelisa mis sjulierisa<br />
msaxurebisani, garna verca erTi raБ pirvel TqumulTa amaTgani SemZlebel<br />
iqmna kurnebad bunebisa, ginaTu mtanjvelobiTa da saSinelebaTa, anu qvelismoqmedebiTTa<br />
sitkboebaTagani, romelTa Tana sjulnica uqm iyvnes, bunebiTsa<br />
vityВ da dawerilsa, da uZlieresi saГmar iyo wamali salmobaTaTВs<br />
uborotesTa.<br />
amisTВs, TВT guamovani igi sibrZne da Zali da Tana-arsi RmrTisa mamisa<br />
sityuaБ, romeli dasabamad iyo, da RmrTisa Tana iyo, da maradis iyo, movida<br />
xatisa TВsisa da uxrwnelTa maTgan da yovlad ubiwoTa sisxlTa<br />
WeSmaritebiT, da sakuTrad RmrTis-mSobelisa maradis qalwulisaTa Гorcni<br />
Seimosna ГorcTaTВs, da sulsa goniersa da sityВersa Seezava, sulisaTВs<br />
Cuenisa msgavsiTa msgavssa ganwmedad, rameTu miuRebeli ukurnebelca ars. da<br />
TВsisa qmnulisa wil TВT miiTuala brZolaБ.<br />
da esreT, yovelive ГorcTa mieri gangebulebaБ, juarisa Tana vnebaTa,<br />
saflavsa da RmrTiv-Sueniersa aRdgomasa, srul yo raБ, queyanasa zeda<br />
didebiT aRmavalman zecad, waravlinna aTormetni mowafeni TВsni, romelTaca<br />
mociqulad uwoda, raБTa RmrTis mecnierebisa naTliTa, yovliT kerZo<br />
soflisaБT ganГadon bneli uRmrToebisaБ, da, saxelisa mimarT wmidisa<br />
samebisa naTlis-cemiTa, aswaon TayuaniscemaБ Tana-arsisa erT RmrTeebisaБ, da,<br />
damarxviTa sacxorebelTa mcnebaTaБTa, kualad agnen kacni pirvelsave<br />
netarebiTsa didebasa.<br />
eseni, viTarca Saravandedni mzisa mis simarTlisani, ganefinnes raБ kideTa<br />
queyanisaTa, yoveli nivTi kerpborgneulisa uRmrToebisaБ maxВliTa
sulisaБTa moWres da cecxliTa sarwmuneobisaБTa mowues; da erquniTa<br />
juarisaБTa moiornatnes gulni SemwynarebelTa kacTani.<br />
da dasTeses maT Soris Tesli keTilad msaxurisa sarwmunoebisaБ da<br />
mxoloБsa da WeSmaritisa RmrTisa msaxurebiTi TayuaniscemaБ; mravalTa da<br />
sicruviT mopovnebulTa RmerTTa wil RmrTiv-SuenierebiT aswaves; da<br />
sakerpoTa maT wil taZarTa da bomonTa, simravleni eklesiaTa da<br />
sakurTxevelTani aRumarTnes RmerTsa, yovliT kerZo queyanisaБT.<br />
da siZulili soflisaБ da mterobaБ ГorcTaБ rwmunebiT aswaves maT,<br />
romelTa-igi RmrTad Seeracxa sofeli da ГorcielTa gemoTa mZlavrebisada<br />
monad miecnes Tavni; da gancofebuli igi sibrZne ellenebrisa siCqurisa<br />
vieTisaБme, simartiviTa RmrTiv-swavlulisa maTda sibrZnisaБTa, romlisaTВs<br />
igi pavles hbasrobdes aTinelni, yovlad sibrZniT mxilebul-yves, da arca<br />
erTisa sityВsa, Rirsad gamoaCinnes maTni igi zRaparT-mwerlobiTni<br />
Гelovnebani.<br />
da didisa klimintosis mier dasxnes kanonni saeklesioni, ricxВT<br />
oTxmeocdaxuTni.<br />
romelTagani erTi, pirvel-wodebuli andria, ZmaБ Tavisa mociqulTaБsa<br />
petresi, vidre Cuendamdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxorebeli qadagebaБ<br />
saxarebisaБ yovelsa queyanasa saqarTveloБsasa; da uricxuni simravleni<br />
erTani ganaSorna sacTurisagan mrCobl eSmakeulebisa; da erTisa RmrTisa da<br />
qristes misisa TanaarsiT maTiT suliTurT rwmunebiT TayuaniscemaБ aswava;<br />
daRaTu umravlesman erman qarTlisaman simravlesa Sina Jamisasa daiviwya<br />
qadagebaБ igi mociqulisaБ. da sacTurisave mimarT kerpTaБsa miaqcia.<br />
amaTisa qadagebisa nayofad aRmoecennes yovliT kerZo yovlisa soflisaБT<br />
simravleni Ruawlisa damdebelisa qristes sikudilsa mimsgavsebulTa wmidaTa<br />
mowameTani; vinaБTgan samasni, mciredTa sxuaTa Tana, vidre mefed qadagebadmde<br />
didisa kostantinessa Soris gardaГdes weliwadni, romeli-igi pirvelad<br />
qristiane iqmna mefeTa Soris da TВT mociqul da qadag sacxorebelisa<br />
qadagebisa, da naTelsa Tavisuflebisasa mimfenel qristeaneTa RmrTiv-<br />
Suenerisa moqalaqobisa.<br />
amisTave ukue JamTa sruliad momxedna Cuenca aRmosavalman maRliT da<br />
dedakacisa visme mier tyueqmnulisa, romelsa-igi nunnad kappadukielad aqa<br />
sadme povnilnica qadageben wignni saeklesioTa moTxrobaTani; sarwmunoebisa<br />
mimarT TВsisa miizida yoveli savsebaБ yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisaБ,<br />
sakВrvelT-moqmedebiTa niSebSemosilTa saswaulTaБTa; raJams igi qarTvelTa<br />
mefeman mirian, mefeTa Soris didisa kostantinessa mivlinebiTa da misgan<br />
gamoTxoБTa mefobisa TВsisa, qalaqad mcxeTad STamoiyvana evstaTi didi _<br />
saydris mpyrobeli antioqelTa eklesiisaБ.<br />
da wmidaTa mier ГelTa misTa naTel-iRo man da yovelman erman<br />
qarTlisaman, da TВT patriaqTa Soris saxelganTqmulman evstaTi ГeliTa<br />
TВsiTa STadva safuZveli maSin sadme mcxeTas aRSenebulisa eklesisaБ,<br />
romelica friadisa Tana gulsmodginebisa ganasrules raБ maT ganwmedaБ igi,<br />
da ГelTdasxmul yo mas Sina maTTВs episkoposi-kaTolikosi.<br />
aman saukunod Гsenebulman mefeman kostantine Sekriba pirveli da<br />
msoflioБ wmidaБ krebaБ nikeas samas aTrvametTa wmindaTa mamaTaБ, romelTa<br />
dasxnes kanonni ricxВT ocni romlisa pirvelad qmnil iyvnes sxuanica
adgilobiTni krebani: pirveli ankВrias, romelsa daesxnes kanonni ocdaoTxni;<br />
meore neokesarias, damsxmeli kanonTa aToTxmetaБ.<br />
xolo Semdgomad didisa mis da msoflioБsa krebisa sxuanica iqmnnes<br />
adgilobiTni krebani, viTar-igi RangrisaБ, romlisa kanonni arian oc; da<br />
kualad antioqiisaБ, damsxmeli kanonTa ocdaxuTTa; amaTTana laodokiisaБ<br />
frigВisaБ, da kanonni misni _ ocdaerTni.<br />
amaTsa Semdgom meore wmidaБ da msoflioБ krebaБ _ kostantinopolis,<br />
asergasisTa wmidaTa mamaTaБ, romelTa kanonni arian ricxВT SВd.<br />
merme mesame _ efesoБsa wmidaБ da msoflioБ krebaБ, mcirisa Tevdosis<br />
mefisa mier Sekrebuli, romelman dasxna kanonni rvani.<br />
meoTxe _ xaldikons, equsas ocdaaTTa wmidaTa mamaTaБ msoflioБ krebaБ,<br />
keTilad msaxurisa markiane mefisa mier Semokrebuli da ganmawesebeli<br />
kanonTa ricxВT ocdarvaTaБ.<br />
merme _ adgilobiTi krebaБ karTagenisaБ, da kanonni misni as<br />
ocdaaTvrametni.<br />
xolo mexuTeman wmidaman da msoflioman kostantinopolis Sekrebulman<br />
krebaman mcired izruna saeklesioTa kanonTa ganwesebisaTВs.<br />
aramed meequseman wmidaman da msoflioman krebaman, iustinianesze, keTilad<br />
msaxurisa mefisa, gumbadsa Sina samefoБsa palatisasa Sekrebulman, aRavso<br />
daklebuli misi, rameTu dasxna kanonni ricxВT as da orni.<br />
kualad nikiisa meoreman wmidaman krebaman dasxna kanonni aTrvametni.<br />
amissa Semdgomad arian sxuanica orni masve sameufosa qalaqsa eklesiasa<br />
Sina wmidaTa da yovlad qebulTa mociqulTasa Sekrebulni krebani, romelTa<br />
ganuCenian kanonni, ricxВT aTSВdmetni.<br />
xolo wmidasa da meSВdesa wmidaTa xatTaTВis Sekrebulsa msofliosa<br />
krebasa ganuwesebian kanonni, ricxВT samni oden.<br />
amaTa wmidaTa krebaTa mier ganCinebulTa kanonTa Tana arian sxuanica<br />
TiToeulTa mamaTa mier ganwesebulni da Tana aRracxulni kanonni:<br />
dВonВsios aleqsandriel mTavar-episkoposisa kanonni oTxni;<br />
petre aleqsandrielTa mRdelT-mTavrisa da mowamisa kanonni aTxuTmetni;<br />
grigoli episkoposisa neokesarielisa sakВrvelT-moqmedisa epistole<br />
kanoniani;<br />
didisa basilis kanonni oTxmeocdaxuTni;<br />
misive epistole kanoniani, diodores mimarT;<br />
misive epistole kanoniani, grigolis mimarT xucisa;<br />
misive epistole kanoniani, xorepiskoposTa mimarT;<br />
misive epistole kanoniani mis queSeTa episkoposTa mimarT;<br />
misive, amfiloqes mimarT sulisa wmidisaTВs miwerilTa maT TavTagan;<br />
grigoli noselisa kanonni rvani;<br />
timoTe aleqsandrielisa kanonni aTxuTmetni;<br />
filoTeos aleqsandrielisa kanonni, RmrTis gamocxadebisaTВs<br />
Tqumulisagan;<br />
misnive sxuani kanonni aTni;<br />
misive epistole, afigionis mimarT episkoposisa;<br />
misive epistole, agaTonis mimarT episkoposisa;<br />
misive epistole minaБs mimarT episkoposisa;
kВrile aleqsandrielTa mTavar-episkoposisa kanonni SВdni, gennadi<br />
wmidisa patriarqisa kostantinepolelisa da misTana wmidisa krebisa<br />
epistole, mitropolitTa mimarT garemoTa samTavroTaБsa.<br />
ese arian Sekrebani wmidaTa da saeklesioTa kanonTani, dabeWdulni da<br />
damarxulni, TВnier yovlisa Sematebisa da moklebisa, da amaTi mecnierebaБ<br />
da SedgomaБ da mtkiced pyrobaБ uГms yovelTa winamZRuarTa qristeanobiTisa<br />
madideblobisaTa: mRdelT-mTavarTa da mRvdelTa, da diakonTa, da Cuen Soris<br />
moZRurad saxeldebulTa maTca monazonTa, da erTbamad yovelsa savsebasa<br />
marTlmadidebelTa eklesiisasa.<br />
xolo Cuen ese amisTВs moviГseneniT, raTa pirveliTgan piri sityВsa<br />
CuenisaБ ganvhmartoT.<br />
vinaБTgan dahbada RmerTman dasabamsa xatebad da msgavsebad TВssa kaci,<br />
viTarca pirvel vityodeT, raTa mis mier, viTarca sazogadoБsa sakrvelisa<br />
mier, xilulTa da uxilavTaБsa, Tavsa TВssa SeaerTnes yovelni sacnaurni da<br />
grZnobadni dabadebulni saTnoebiT raБ, sakuTar eqmnas igi Semoqmedsa TВssa.<br />
xolo igi egeviTarisa mis madlTa simdidrisgan ganSiSulda cTomisa mis<br />
mier da gandgomilTa da risxveulTa monaTa monebaБ moatyua Tavsa, aramed<br />
ara saxiermanca dambadebelman misman, rameTu viTarmca Tavs-idva<br />
ugulebelsyofaБ esodenisa ГelTa misTa saqmisaБ, romel ars kaci.<br />
aramed uxrwnelsa Sina saSosa yovlad wmidisa RmrTis mSobelisa da<br />
maradis qalwulisasa arRara pirvelisaebr iWВsa madliT, aramed guamovnebiT<br />
SeaerTa igi Tavsa TВssa da zesTa bunebisa ganaRmrTo mis mier miRebuli igi<br />
da misTana erTguamqmnili kaci.<br />
da romeli-igi iyo pirmSoБ yovlisa agebulisaБ, Tavs idva pirmSo<br />
mravalTa ZmaTa Soris yofaБ, raБTa saxelisa misisa mimarT wodebulni da<br />
madliT Zmad missa aRsaarebulni, romeli-igi yrmaTaca eziara ГorciTa da<br />
sisxliTa da guamad erTisa mis yovelTa Tavisa gamoCinebulni, mun aRmiyvannes<br />
kualad ganГorcielebiTa TВsiTa, sada igi TВT ars Tavi sasoebisa CuenisaБ;<br />
da Tana-moqalaqe myvnes wmidaTa da saxleul RmrTisa, da samkВdrebelad<br />
missa gamomaCinnes suliTa, raJams Tavisa mimarT Semokrbes TiToeulebaБ<br />
asoTa ganyofilebisaБ da Tbisa mimarT gardainivTos viTarebaБ yovlisa<br />
aRsuarulisaБ.<br />
vinaБca amisTВs moguecnes pirvelad bunebiTi da merme dawerili sjuli;<br />
amisTВs iqmna gankacebaБ RmrTisaБ; amisTВs qalwulisagan SobaБ, bagaБ,<br />
wargragnaБ, angelozni madidebelni, varskulavisa srbaБ, moguTa ZRunismomrTumelobaБ,<br />
winadacueTaБ, naTlis-RebaБ, zeciT wamebaБ, gancdaБ, qolvaБ<br />
CuenTВs da vnebani uvnebelisani, gancemaБ, SemsWvalvaБ, daflvaБ, aRdgomaБ,<br />
aRslvaБ zecad; amisTВs _ qadagebani mocuqulTani, sisxlni mowameTani,<br />
swavlani moZRuarTani, oflni RirsTa mamaTani, guls-modginebani keTilad<br />
msaxurTa da morwmuneTa mefeTani, wadierebani RmrTis-moyuareTa mTavarTani,<br />
kadnierebani RmrTis-saxisa mRdel-mTavrobisa rwmunebulTani, winambrZolisa<br />
TВsisa Tana simГniT Tana-mbrZolebani mRdelTa da samRdeloTani, codvisa<br />
mimarT simГniT winaganwyobani, nivTagan ganSiSulebulisa monazonTa dasisani<br />
da maTTana erTГmobani qristes moyuarisa erisani.<br />
amisTВs iqmnnes qristes-moyuareTa da RmrTiv-dacvulTa mefeTa mier Jamad-<br />
Jamadni krebani, RmrTis-moyuareTa episkoposTa da RmrTisa saTno-yofilTa
mamaTani, raБTa saqmeTa mier gansrulebuliTa sarwmunoebiTa SeaerTnes<br />
RmerTsa qristeaneni.<br />
romelTasa keTilad ebaZva Sursa Cuenica ese gВrgВnosani, mrCoblmarjuene<br />
da Seyuarebuli, gВrgВni TavisaБ da sasurveliмZe daviT; romeliese<br />
erTbamad mГneca ars da brZen, marTal da wmida, igive myudroca da mSВd,<br />
saxier da tkbil, mowyale da ZВruГsenebel da misgavsebul saxierebasa<br />
RmrTisasa, romeli aRmoubrwyinvebs mzesa keTilTa da borotTa, da zrdis<br />
yovelTa wВmiTa sworebiT.Ефмшыф<br />
ese vinaБTgan gareSeTa brZolaTa Sina winadaudgromelobiT ubrZolel da<br />
gareSisa saxisa qmnulebiTa sxuaTa kacTagan Sesworebad SeuZlebel iyo,<br />
rameTu keTil did ars viTarca gmiri, Suenier ars viTarca siZe, brwyinvale<br />
ars viTarca ciskari, nayofier ars keTilTa mier viTarca aRmosavali,<br />
yuavilovan warmatebaTa mier viTarca samoTxe RmrTisaБ, ara Tavs-idva, raБTa<br />
ara umetes moRuawe iqmnes ganbrwyinvebad SinaganTaca sikeTeTa sulisaTa;<br />
vinaБTgan igini warmdinar, xolo eseni dausrulebelobasa Tana RmrTisasa-<br />
Tana dausrulebel arian.<br />
amisTВs Semokriba krebaБ RmrTis-moyuareTa episkoposTa, patiosanTa<br />
mRdelTa da RirsTa diakonTaБ, qristes-moyuareTa monazonTa, dayudebulTa<br />
da meudabnoeTaБ, sanaxebTa qarTlisaTa, maxlobelad orTa saepiskoposoTa<br />
ruisa da urbnisisa; garna ara Tu ubiwoebasa qarTvelTa sarwmunoebisasa biwi<br />
raБme Sehxedeboda, nu iyofin ese, ara gecruvneT Sen, siwmidiT mSobelo Cueno<br />
kaTolike eklesiao, arca gangceT Sen, siqadulo Cueno marTlmadideblobao,<br />
romlisa arca ganmcemel qmnil varT, vinaБTgan Semecnebasa Sensa Rirs qmnul<br />
varT, mowame ars WeSmaritebaБ; aramed sxuaTa saeklesioTa da samRdeloTa, da<br />
saqristianoTa ZiebaTaTВs, romelTa Tav, da winamZRuar, da pirwmidisa mis<br />
krebisa iyo, RmrTisa mimarTisa sakuTrebisa-Tana simSВdiTaca sulisaБTa<br />
mimsgavsebuli mosesi, da msgavsad didisa samoelisa winamlocveli erisaБ da<br />
mcxebeli madliT srulyofadTaБ iovane_yovlad Rirsi mTavarepiskoposi,<br />
kaTolikosi da yovlisa saqarTveloБsa didi mamaT-mTavari, da mis Tana<br />
simravle pirvel ГsenebulTa maT savsebisaБ.<br />
[kanonTa teqsti] [1]. da pirvelad episkoposni vinme ver-RirsebiT<br />
Semosrulni pativsa mRdelT-mTavrobisasa da uRirsni qristes, pirvelisa mis<br />
mwyemsT-mTavrisani, ganvkueTeniT da ucxo-vyveniT mRdelobisagan, vinaБTgan<br />
arawmidisa SexebaБ siwmideTaБ ara-ucTomeloba ars da maxlobeli RmrTisaБ,<br />
maxlobel cecxlisa ars, da uГms, raБTa yovliTurT oqro iyos;<br />
xolo ara krul vyveniT da arca SevaCueneniT, nu iyofin, aramed litonTa<br />
eriskacTa-Tana ziarebad flobil vyveniT, ukueTu oden amieriTgan mmarxvel<br />
iyvnen siwmidisa.<br />
da nacvlad maTda sxuani davadgineniT, romlisa hasakisaganca da<br />
saqmeTagan aqunda wamebaБ da keTilad ganewuarTnes Гorcni damorCileblad<br />
sulisa.<br />
[2]. amas-Tana sul-moklebaБca ГelT-dasxmaTaБ, viTarca uwesoБ da<br />
ukanonoБ, davhГseniT.<br />
da ganvaweseT, raБTa amieriTgan arRara-vin ikadros qmnad, TВnier viTarigi<br />
ganawesebs kanoni: rameTu episkoposi ocdaaTxuTmetisa wlisaБ, mRdeli
ocdaaTisa wlisaБ, diakoni ocdaxuTisa wlisaБ da wignis mkiTxveli rvisa<br />
wlisaБ ГelTdasxmul iqmnebodin.<br />
[3] amas Tana sxuaica uwesoБ wesi ГelT-dasxmaTaБ daГsnad ganvaCineT:<br />
viTarmca masve da erTsa dResa Гelni daesxnes visme wignis-mkiTxvelad, kerZodiakonad,<br />
diakonad da mRdelad, anu Tu episkoposadca. romeli-ese ukueTu<br />
iqmnas-Ra sada amieriTgan, ГelT-damsxmeli da ГelT-dasxmuli erTbamad<br />
ganikueTnen mRdelobisagan, rameTu pirvelad wignis-mkiTxvelad da kerZodiakonad<br />
oden jer-ars ГelT-dasxmaБ, da orisave amisa erTsa dResa<br />
SesaZlebel ars qmnaБ da merme diakonad; da viTarca dayvnes dReni<br />
diakonobasa Sina da hmsaxuros mRdelTa ara mciredTa dReTa, mermeRa<br />
moiyvanon mRdelobad.<br />
xolo ukueTu episkoposobad momaval iyos, Semdgomad SВdTa dReTa Jamiswirvisa<br />
moiyvanon ГelT-dasxmad episkoposobisa. da amas vityВT maTTВs,<br />
romelTa saWiroБ raБme mizezi, aswrafebdes, xolo romelTa arca erTi-raБ<br />
aqundes saTanadoБ mizezi maswrafobelad, maT weliwadi da weliwadni dayvnen<br />
TВToeulsa xarisxsa Sina da ufroБs-Ra diakonobisasa, vinaБTgan TВnier<br />
diakonTa simravlisa, veraБ miiRebs Suenierebasa saeklesioTa wesTagani.<br />
amisTВs vamcnebT yovelTa episkoposTa, raБTa ufroБs-Ra diakonTa<br />
ganmravlebisaTВs moRuawe iyvnen eklesiaTa Sina maTTa.<br />
xolo monazonTa, romelni mRdelobad da episkoposobad momaval iyvnen,<br />
pirvelad sruliad monazunad didiTa sqemiTa ubrZanebT gansrulebasa, da<br />
egreTRa mRdelobad moslvasa.<br />
[4]. xolo wesi ГelT-dasxmadTa srulebisaБ egreT aResruleboded,<br />
viTarca axalTa Sina kurTxevaTa netarebiT moГsenebulisa mamisa giorgi<br />
mTawmidelisaTa daweril ars. egreTve _ kurTxevaБ eklesiisaБ, da damyarebaБ<br />
sakurTxevelisaБ, da wmida-yofaБ RmerT-myofelisa mihronisaБ, egreT srul<br />
iqmneboded, viTarca mun-Sina moГsenebul ars.<br />
[5]. xolo qrTamisaTВs da safasisa, romelsa miiReben ГelT-damsxmelni,<br />
ГelTdasxmadTagan, zemoБTganisa wmidaTa mociqulTa da mamaTa mocemisaebr,<br />
ganCinebad vikadrebT Cuenca, raTa moispos egeviTari-igi eklesiisagan da<br />
aRiГocos mRdelobisagan, makurTxevelisa TВsisa Tana, romlisa qmnaБ<br />
amieriTgan nuRaramca-vis ukadrebies, raTa ara-igica SevsZinoT, viTarmed<br />
SeiCuenos viTarca sВmon mogВ petre mociqulisagan da numca miiReben<br />
raБTurTiT nu-ra-ras, nu odes: nuca pirvel ГelT-dasxmisa, nuca TВT mas<br />
ГelT-dasxmasa Sina, nuca Semdgomad ГelT-dasxmisa, nuca qrTamsa, nuca<br />
ZRuensa, nuca evlogiasa, nuca kaTolikosi episkoposTagan, gina xucesdiakonTa<br />
da xorebiskoposTa, nuca episkoposni diakonTagan da mRdelTa da<br />
xorepiskoposTa, nucaraT sxuaTa samRdeloБsa dasisaganTa anu romelTave<br />
saeklesioTa mneTagan.<br />
[6]. mermeca samRdeloTa WurWelTa da RmrTisada SewirulTa<br />
siwmideTaTВs, romel arian: barZim-feSxuem, samwerobelni da yovelive<br />
eklesiaTada Sewiruli da erTgzis RmrTisada micemuli, oqroБ, vecxli,<br />
Tuali, margaliti, WiqaБ, stavraБ, naqsovi, sini, rvali, rkinaБ, Zeli, keci,<br />
qvaБ, amas ganvawesebT SedgomiTa wmidaTa kanonTaБTa, raБTa ara-vis<br />
Гelewifos Гmarebad missa ara-rad, arca tyueTa saГsrad, daRaTu cudadca da
uГmrad mdebare iyvnen da ferГiTa dasaTrgunvelad isxnen eklesiasa Sina da<br />
saWurWlesa missa.<br />
xolo ukeTu vinme ikadros amaTganisa raБsaca garegniT mis eklesiisa, da<br />
TВnier missa viTar-igi ganwesebul iyos, da viTar saxedca samsaxurad<br />
eklesiisa, anu sakurTxevelisa Seqmnil iyos, sxuad radca Гmarebad,<br />
moelodeT aqa ukue babilovnelTa mefisa baltasaris da ananiaБs da<br />
sapfiraБs sasjelsa; xolo mun-cecxlsa saukunesa, ganmzadebulsa eSmakTaTВs<br />
da angelosTa misTaTВs.<br />
[7]. amasTana eseca moviГseneT, viTarmed TВnier eklesiisa da<br />
sakurTxevelisa arca naTlis-cemaБ SesaZlebel ars, arca gВrgВnTa<br />
kurTxevaБ, arca monazunisa epistoliTa gina sqemiTa kurTxevaБ, da arca<br />
monazonsa xucessa gВrgВnTa kurTxevad Гel-ewifebis, arca erisgansa mRdelsa<br />
monazonisa kurTxevad.<br />
[8] xolo Semdgomad gВrgВnTa kurTxevisa pirvelTa da meoreTa colqmarTa<br />
wmidaTa saБdumloTa ziarebaБ uГms mas dResa, romelsa ikurTxnen<br />
ueWuelad, ara Tu gardareuliTa raБTme bilwebiTa SebRalul iyvnen, daRaTu<br />
uziareblobiTaca gankanonebul iyvnen. da merme aRsrulebaБ kanonisa<br />
uziareblobisa maTisasa.<br />
[9] xolo meoreTa gВrgВnTa makurTxeveli xucesi samxrobad nu mivals maT<br />
Tana, nucamca meoreTa col-qmarTa pirvelni gВrgВnni ekurTxevian.<br />
xolo sxuebr da ara esreT moqmedi amaTi xucesi ukue gankueTisa, xolo<br />
eriskaci uziareblobisa Tanamdeb iyos.<br />
[10] kualad amasca ganvasazRvrebT, raБTa amieriTgan arRara ekurTxeodin<br />
gВrgВnni CCВlTa qal-ymaTa, aramed ukueTu saWirod radme iyos, mSobelTa<br />
maTTa diad dauwindnen igini urTierTas, da raJams hasakad moviden ornive,<br />
maSin iqorwinnen.<br />
da qali aTormetisa wlisasa umcroБsi numca Seyofil ars qorwinebiT<br />
meuRlisada. xolo amis ganCinebisa damГsneli, Tanamdeb iyavn zemoГsenebulisa<br />
mis ganCinebisa.<br />
[11] kaTolikosisa da episkoposTagan xorebiskoposi sjulisa da<br />
saRmrToTa wignTa mecnieri gamoirCeoded mRdeli anu diakoni da SiSiTa<br />
RmrTisaБTa emcneboded mas ubiwod dacvaБ yovelTave saqristeanoTa wesTaБ<br />
raБTa ara raБ maTgani gansces qrTamisaTВs, arca raБ ganyidos vecxlad,<br />
viTarca iuda ufali; raБTa ara SiSTvilica misi daimkВdros.<br />
[12] Semdgomad amaTsa amisica saTanadod vhgoneT moГsenebaБ, vinaБTgan<br />
moZRurad wodebulTa maT monazonTaБ friadi da aRuricxuveli ars simravle,<br />
da erTsa monastersa Sina xuTni da aTni, mravalgzis ocnica da ocdaaTni<br />
ipoebian, didi Tu iyos monasteri da mravlisa SfoTisa da ganxeTqilebisa<br />
mizezsa SemoiRebs simravle maTi, amisaTВs ganvaCinebT, raБTa amieriTgan<br />
dascxres eseviTari ese uwesobaБ.<br />
da pirvelad amas ganvasaRzRvrebT, raБTa umRdelosa ara Гel-ewifebodis<br />
ganmkiTxvelobad sulTa, ara Tu episkoposi iyos, anu mRdeli, anu diakoni,<br />
rameTu pirvelad Sekrvisa da ganГsnisa Гelmwifebasa uГms qonebad, da egreT-<br />
Ra gankiTxvisa sulTaБsa Гel-yofad; amas Tana, raБTa didTa monasterTa Sina<br />
or-ori, xolo mcireTa Sina TiToБ xolo kma iyos moZRuari.
da ukueTu vinme amas ganCinebasa gardahxdes, ueWuelad esmes mas, viTarmed<br />
xolo ГdomisaganTa maT da urCTa WeSmaritebisaTa da morCilTa sicruБsaTa<br />
risxvaБ da gulis-wyromaБ, Wiri da iwroebaБ da Semdgomi.<br />
[13] wesi igi, romelsa krebulTa dasxmad uwesen, nuRaramca kadrebul ars<br />
qmnad amieriTgan, nuca monasterTa Sina SeqmnaБ savaWroTa eris krebaTaБ,<br />
nucamca-raБ sxuaБ samoqalaqoБ da soflioБ wesi qmnil ars monasterTa Sina<br />
odesca, raБTa ara salocvelTa maT adgilTa quab-avazakTa SeqmniTa, sulTaca<br />
TquenTa safardulebi saRmrToБsa, sityВsa mier daiqces, viTarca mekermeTa<br />
maT tablebi, da wmidaTa mamaTa da krebaTa mier gankanonebisa Tanamdeb<br />
iqmnneT.<br />
[14] xolo erTsa sakurTxevelsa da masve da erTsa winadagebasa zeda<br />
wmidisa Sesawiravisasa mravalTa sulTaTВs mravalTa mRdelTa mier qmnaБ<br />
wmidisa JamiswirvisaБ uweso ars da gangdebul, romeli-ese nuRaramca sada<br />
qmnil ars.<br />
ufroБsRa Tavad sakurTxevelsa zeda didisa eklesiisasa, saepiskoposoБsa<br />
gina monastrisasa, erTisa aravisTВs wes-ars Jamis wirvad araodes, arca<br />
cocxlisa, arca micvalebulisaTВs, TВnier aRapTa da sulisa saГsenebelad<br />
ganCinebulTa dReTaБsa, aramed mis eklesiisa maSenebelTa da SemomwirvelTa.<br />
da erTbamad yovelTa sulTa qristeaneTa cocxalTa da micvalebulTaTВs<br />
jer-ars Jamis-wirvaБ, xolo erTisa kacisaTВs, anu erTisa sulisaTВs<br />
eguterTa sadme Sina, anu StoTa eklesiisaTa jer-ars TiToeulisa xucisagan<br />
Jamis-wirvaБ.<br />
[15] romelnica RmrTis mavnebelobiTisa mis wvalebisagan xaCecarTaБsa,<br />
romel arian somexni, marTalsa da uzakuvelsa sarwmunoebasa mouГdebodin, da<br />
wmidasa kaTolike eklesiasa SeerTebodin, da biwsa mas wvalebasa erTbunebianTa,<br />
da erTisa nebisa da erTisa moqmedebisa RmrTeebisagan da kacebisa<br />
Sezavebulisa, da arca saRmrToБsa, arca kacobrivisa, aramed Sereulisa<br />
raБsme da ucxoБsa, qristes, WeSmaritisa RmrTisa Cuenisa, zeda siCquriT<br />
metyuelTasa SeaCuenebden.<br />
esreT ganvawesebT maTTВs, raTa sruliad naTel-scemden, viTarca<br />
warmarTsa, vinaБTgan sxuaTaca didTa eklesiaTa vhpoebT moqmedad amissa,<br />
viTar igi ars sapatriaqoБ saydari antioqiisaБ, da yovelni mimdgomni misni<br />
eklesiani yovlisa aRmosavalisani.<br />
[16] kualad ganvawesebT, raБTa arca marTlmadidebeli mamakaci<br />
mwvalebelsa gina warmarTsa dedakacsa, anu dedakaci mamakacsa SeeuRlnen.<br />
vinaБTgan yoveli marTlmadidebeli taZari ars RmrTisaБ, damkВdrebulisa mis<br />
mier sulisa misisa Cuen Soris; xolo yoveli borotad madidebeli, anu<br />
yovlad ara-madidebeli taZari ars eSmakisaБ; xolo viTarmed arca erTi<br />
ziarebaБ ars taZrisa RmrTisaБ kerpTa Tana, viTar-igi bnelisaБ naTlisa Tana<br />
_ mowame ars saRmrToБ mociquli.<br />
xolo romelman amieriTgan ikadros-Ra qmnaБ amaTi, ganikanonos igi pirvel<br />
TqumuliTa miT kanoniTa.<br />
[17] vinaБTgan eseca uwesoebaБ mravalTa mier aRsrulebulad guesma,<br />
ufroБsRa didTa vieTme da warCinebulTa da ara litonad kacTagan qmnilad,<br />
romel ars kides-kide da erTgan kurTxevaБ gВrgВnTaБ qorwinebiT erT-Гorc<br />
qmnadTa meuRleTaБ, viTar-igi hyofen usjuloebiT dedakacisasa ukue sxВsa
visme ucxoБsa mamakacisa Tana kurTxevasa; xolo mamakacisasa mamakacisave<br />
sxВsa Tana, romlisasa raБmca iyo sxuaБ uuwesoesi da usacinelesi; anu ara<br />
yovliTurT msgavs arsa, markionis mwvalebelTa mier mkudrisa-wil<br />
naTliscemasa cocxalisasa! rameTu ese erTgan kurTxeulni mamakaci da<br />
dedakaci nuukue Seiracxnen naxevar-memruSed col-qmrad, vinaБTgan sxВsaБ<br />
iГsenebis saxeli, da sxuaБ warmodgomil ars mun; xolo orTa maT erTagan<br />
kurTxeulTa mamakacTaTВs raБ vin moigonos saxeli, garna Tu vinme vrceliTa<br />
siciliTa ganbasros eseviTari ese sjulisa, da keTilisa wesierebisa Cuenisa,<br />
da kacobrivisa qcevisa, da Cueulebisa garegani usjuloebaБ.<br />
romlisaTВs amas ganvasazRvrebT: romelnica moaqamde esreT kurTxeulni<br />
yofil arian da gardasul arian, igini Sendobil arian umecrebisaTВis; xolo<br />
ukueTu aw sadme ipovnen vinme egeviTarni, igini sjulierad col-qmrad numca<br />
Seracxil arian.<br />
amieriTgan kula nuRaramca visganmca kadrebul ars qmnaБ amisi. da<br />
ukueTu iqmnas sada, oTxni igi kurTxeulni da orni makurTxevelni maTni<br />
xucesni, _ equesnive ganikanonnen.<br />
[18] mermeca RmrTis-moZagebulisa mis da RmrTis-ganmamwarebelisa, codvaTaubilwesisa<br />
saZagelebisa sodomelTaБsa, romlisaБ ara uwyiT, Tu viTar<br />
SeeTВsa igi ubadruksa amas naTesavsa da sruliad ganaSorna da ucxo-yvna<br />
RmrTisagan, vieTTanaca poa Tavisa misadrekeli.<br />
amas ganvasazRvrebT sityВTa RmrTisaБTa da samociquloБTa ГmiTa da<br />
mamobriviTa ganCinebiTa: daRaTu mravalgzis qmnil arian mravalTa naTesavTa<br />
mier mravalni da ricxВsa mZleni codvani, viTar igi: mterobani, Surni,<br />
siZulilni, kacisklvani, mruSebani, cru-ficebani da ukuanaБskneli da Tavi<br />
yovelTa borotTБa _ kerpTmsaxurebaБ, da Tayuaniscemisa SecvalebaБ<br />
dambadebelisagan dabadebulTa mimarT. garna, arca-erTisa maTganisaTВs<br />
aRZrul ars aRuZrveli igi, viTarca TВT ityoda abrahamis mimarT, viTarmed<br />
RaRadebaБ sodomisa da gomorisaБ moiwia Cemda da gardamovГed xilvad,<br />
ukueTu RaRadebisaebr maTisa arian saqmeni maTni; romlisa Semdgomad ixileT<br />
Tu raБ iqmnebis, da Tu viTar nivTni ese samsaxurod kacTaTВs dabadebulni<br />
RmrTisagan, winaukumo bunebisa TВsisa, Sescvaleben bunebiTsa Zalsa TВssa,<br />
da ucxoБsa codvisa aRsaГocelad ucxosa moipoeben moqmedebasa.<br />
rameTu maradis aRmarT moZravi da subuqi bunebaБ eTerisa cecxlisaБ,<br />
viTarca zrqeli raБme da mZime, daRmarT hyofs damodinebasa da, saxed<br />
mZafrisa wВmisa, saSinelebiT mCqefroБs aRreuli wunwubasa Tana. mrisxaned<br />
gansalevnelad ukeTurTa maT sibilweTa mravliTa kacTa.<br />
xolo wulili da Txeli uferuli bunebaБ haerisaБ, mizezi cxovelTa<br />
aRmofSvnvisa da sicocxlisaБ, sizrqed almurisa ГSirisa, da ferad ГeliT<br />
saZiebelisa bnelisad, da SemaSTobelad kuamlad, saswaulad risxvisad,<br />
Sescvalebs Tavsa TВssa maT zeda.<br />
amaT Tana queyanaБ, myari da mtkice damtВrTveli simZimesa mas zeda<br />
mdebareTa guamTasa, verRara itВrTavs simedgresa bilwebaTa maTTasa, ыaramed<br />
pirvelad SesZravs safuZvelTa TВsTa da siRrmiT iatakTa<br />
TВsTaБTыфaRmomduRare, haerad aRmoixuams siRrmeTa safuZvelisa maTisa<br />
simtkiceTasa; da miwad gardamoixuams simaRleTa godol-taZrebisa maTisa<br />
simagreTasa.фЕ ыувфю
merme ganaRebs vidre mun-Jamadmde ganuRebelsa pirsa da TanadqalaqebiTurT<br />
da saxlebiT STanTqams arRara kacebsa, aramed damwurebsa<br />
rasme Zualebsa, da odesme yofilTa kacTa sawyalobelsa neStebsa.<br />
xolo wyali igica ucxod ixilvebis Secvalebulad maTTВs da arRara<br />
saSuebelad da saГmrad, aramed, sxuaTa nivTTagan daSTomilisa neStisa maTisa<br />
aRsaГocelad pirsa zeda maTeulisa queyanisa, ufroБsRa saflav maTda<br />
qmnilisa jojoxeTisa, ixilvebis modinebulad, egoden Secvalebuli sxuaTa<br />
wyalTagan bunebiTa, raoden igini sxuaTa kacTa hmatdes bilwebisa<br />
gardareulebiTa.<br />
aman usjuloebaman asurastanelTa igi umravlesTa nawilTa queyanisaTa<br />
dampyrobeli mefobaБ tyued waruqcia sparsTa da midTa da sruliad<br />
aRmohfxura queyaniT saГsenebeli, ara xolo mefe da mZlavri, aramed kacyofisaca<br />
maTisaБ.<br />
aman codvaman didi igi da yovliT-kerZo yovlisa queyanisaБT Гmagansmenili<br />
naTesavi somexTaБ, mefobiTurT da mTavrobiT maTiT, ara oden<br />
daamdabla da daamГua, aramed sruliad aRiRo kacTagan saxeli maTi,<br />
romelTaБ vervin poos dRes erTica mefe anu mTavari, mqonebeli<br />
daumonebelisa TavisuflebisaБ, daRaTu yovelnica vin piri miwisaБ moixilos.<br />
aman bilwebaman sparsTa igi maRali, da maradis hromTa mefobisa mГdomaflobaБ,<br />
mГecis bunebaTa vieTme kacTa avazakuriTa zeda-moslviTa, miwadmde<br />
damdablebulyo, da vidre moaqamde mZlavrebisa maTisa morCil yo.<br />
ese ara uywiT, Tu vinaБ ukeTurebiT Semoexrwna moqalaqobasa qristes<br />
mosaxelisaca erisasa, rameTu raБ ziarebaБ iyo beliarisi qristes-Tana da,<br />
Гelsa ucxo TeslTasa micemiT dasasrul maxВlisa maTisa qmniTa, neStni<br />
odenRa damitevna israАlisani, romelni ukueTu vegneT-Ra masve ukeTurebasa<br />
zeda, oБ Cemda, davidumo Znel-sityuaБ, romeli yovelTada cxad ars,<br />
daRacaTu Cuen vhridoT.<br />
amisTВs vamcnebT yovelsa didsa da mciresa, mdidarsa da glaxaksa, mefesa<br />
da mTavarsa, aznaursa da mdabiorsa, mRdelTa da umRdeloTa, moweseTa da<br />
eriskacTa, berTa da WabukTa, da Sua-kacTa yovelsa pativsa da yovelsa wessa<br />
da yovelsa hasaksa ganyenebad amis vnebisa ufroБs-Ra saZagelisa bilwebisa.<br />
da esreT daumticebT, saxeliTa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesiTa: yovelman<br />
sulman qristeaneman marTlmadidebelman, amaT sityuaTa msmenelman, romelman<br />
Semdgomad amis Zeglisa warkiTxvisa, ara ijmnas bilwisa mis sodomurisa<br />
codvisagan da, ara xolo saqmiT qmnisa misisa, aramed reca laRobiT ferebisa<br />
da sityВT Tqumisa, raTaca samisoTa da misTa damsaxvelTa sityuaTa da<br />
saqmeTagan, ueWuelad moiwios mis zeda amas ukue sawuTosa saSineli raБme<br />
da cocxliv jojoxeTad STamГdeli risxvaБ, msgavsad wunwubasa-Tana<br />
aRreulisaБ mis sodomelTa cecxlisaБ.<br />
xolo mun-igi mimTualvel eqmnes mas, romeli vals winaSe pirsa uflisasa<br />
da Seswuvavs garemoБs missa mterTa misTa, vinaБTgan siyuaruli ГorcTaБ<br />
mterobaБ ars RmrTisaБ. da romelman ganxrwnas taZari RmrTisaБ, ganxrwnes<br />
igica RmerTman, da amas Tana da Cuengan, uRirsTa monaTa saRmrToБsa monebisa<br />
Rirs-qmnulTaБsa, Дi Cuenda, arRara kurTxevaБ, aramed kdemaБ da mxilebaБ<br />
daimkВdros saukunoБ.
[19] xolo vinaБTgan mizezad urTierTas pativiT Tayuanis-cemisa Cuen<br />
Soris myofi xatebaБ RmrTisaБ aRsaarebul da qadagebul ars didTa<br />
moZRuarTa da mamaTa CuenTagan, cxad ars, viTarmed Tayuanis mcemeli xatisa<br />
RmrTisaБ RmerTsa Tayvaniscems mis mier, maginebelica sadme xatisa RmrTisaБ<br />
RmerTsa aginebs ueWuelad, viTarca wmidaTa Soris didi basili esreT<br />
daswers amas.<br />
amisTВs ganvasazRvrebT, raБTa eseca RmrTis-Semawuxebeli da RmrTisa<br />
Seuracxismyofeli codvaБ sruliad moispos yovlisagan enisa da naTesavisa<br />
Cuenisa.<br />
da romelman amieriTgan Seaginos-Ra suli, gonebaБ da piri TВsi<br />
usaxuriTa ginebiTa, zemowerilisa amis Tanamdeb iyos igica gankanonebisa.<br />
mefesa daviTs monazoni arseni<br />
amaTda momarT rasa ityВ, romelsa hsibrZnis hmoyuareb Sen ufroБsad<br />
brwyinvaleo Tualo yovlisa soflisa mefeTa erTguamobisao!<br />
romeli ege haerovan xar, viTarca samyaroБ xilulisa soflisa Soris;<br />
saCino, viTarca mze varskulavTa Soris;<br />
brwyinvale, viTarca eTeri nivTTa Soris;<br />
naTlis-fer, viTarca elvaБ RrubelTa Soris;<br />
ciskrovan, viTarca aRmosavali kerZoTa Soris;<br />
tkbil, viTarca are JamTa Soris;<br />
RmrTis saxe, viTarca siyuaruli saTnoebaTa Soris;<br />
gulis saTqumel, viTarca oqroБ miwaTa Soris;<br />
elvare, viTarca ВakinTi qvaTa Soris;<br />
maRal, viTarca finiki nergTa Soris;<br />
Suenier, viTarca vardi yuavilTa Soris;<br />
aRmatebul, viTarca samoTxe queyanisa Soris;<br />
Zlier, viTarca lomi mГecTa Soris;<br />
mtkice, viTarca andamati ganukueTelTa Soris;<br />
saxelganTqmul, viTarca nebroT gmirTa Soris;<br />
axovan, viTarca iso wina mbrZolTa Soris;<br />
moSurne viTarca finez mRdelTa Soris;<br />
mГne, viTarca samfson msajulTa Soris;<br />
ubrZolel, viTarca aqillev ellenTa Soris;<br />
brZen, viTarca solomon mefeTa Soris;<br />
mSВd, viTarca daviT cxebulTa Soris;<br />
Suris-meZiebel, viTarca iosia SaravandedTa Soris;<br />
uzaro, viTarca makedoneli mflobelTa Soris;<br />
ganmadidebel flobisa, viTarca avRВstos keisarTa Soris;<br />
kacTmoyuare, viTarca Cemi iesu RmerTTa Soris;<br />
bunebiT RmerTi, madliT RmerT-qmnulTa Soris;<br />
mГurvale, viTarca petre mowafeTa Soris;<br />
sayuarel, viTarca iovane megobarTa Soris;<br />
mkВrcxl, viTarca pavle mociqulTa Soris;<br />
saxis-dasabam ucTomelisa qristeanobisa, viTarca didi kostantine<br />
TВTmpyrobelTa Soris;
simtkice keTilad msaxurebisa, viTarca Tevdosi skiptris mpyrobelTa<br />
Soris;<br />
saTno uCanan eseni myudroebasa Sensa; gansuenebel arsa amaT zeda<br />
siborotisa sulTaБ mdevneli daviTiani suli Seni, romelni ese aw ZRunad<br />
mogarTuna Sen mwyobrman SenTa amaT nazirevelTa simravlisaman, raTa Sen<br />
miarTune eseni RmerTsa da mowyale hyo amaT mier wyalobis moyuare ufali,<br />
romel moswrafebiT SemokrebaБ ubrZane Sen, da didisa amis da RmrTisa<br />
saTnoБsa warmarTebisa Tana Suamdgomelad RmrTisa mimarT moigen, viTarca<br />
sakuTarni monani, raБTa romelime RmrTisa saxisa mRdelT-mTavrobisa mier<br />
maxlobel eqmnebodis SenTВs RmerTsa; xolo romelime mRdelT-SuenieriTa<br />
meoxebiTa SeesakuTrebodis dambadebelsa; sxuasa sulTqumani moaqunden,<br />
sxuasa gandnobaБ cremliTa, sxuasa Rame-yovelobiTni mRВZarebani, sxuasa<br />
Гmel-sareclobaБ, sxuasa raБTurTiT araras qonebaБ keisrisasa yovelsave<br />
RmrTisasa, mxolod ГorcTa oden da maTca marxviTa ganleulTaБ; sxuasa<br />
sityuaБ, daRaTu mdabali da undoБ, garna arave uermoБ, arca umusikeloБ<br />
momzidvel yofad smenisa, amis Tana Semsgavsebulica ZalisaБ, yovelTa<br />
litaniobaБ, yovelTa vedrebaБ, yovelTa erTГmobaБ; viTarmed daviT keTilad<br />
msaxurisa da RmrTivdacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa mravalmca arian weliwadni.<br />
[mosaГsenebelni] keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTiv-dacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa<br />
giorgi mefeTa mefisa da yovlisa aRmosavalisa da dasavalisa kesarosisa,<br />
mravalmca arian welni.<br />
keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTis-moyuarisa dedoflisa Cuenisa marTa<br />
avRВstinaisni, mravalmca arian welni.<br />
daviT RmrTis-msaxurisa da RmrTiv-dacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa afxazTa da<br />
qarTvelTa, ranTa da kaxTa TВTmpyrobelisa, mravalmca arian welni.<br />
wmidisa dedoflisa da RmrTiv-sulierisa dedisa Cuenisa, mariam<br />
monazonisa, saukunomca ars ГsenebaБ.<br />
_____<br />
iovane wmidisa mTavarepiskoposisa, Cuenisa kaTolikosisa da yovlisa<br />
saqarTveloБsa yovlad Rirsisa mamaTmTavrisa, mravalmca arian welni.<br />
wmidisa berisa da sulierisa mamis Cuenisa evstrati monazonisa,<br />
mravalmca...<br />
Rirsisa meufisa Cuenisa da Tualad wmidisa amis krebisa cnobilisa<br />
giorgi monazonisa da mwignobarTa uxucesisa, mravalmca...<br />
yovlad RirsTa krebisa amis yovelTa mamaTa mRdelTmTavarTa, mRdelTa<br />
da monazonTa, mravalmcaa...<br />
sjulierisa moRuawisa arseni monazonisa kaliposelisa, mravalmca...<br />
yovelnimca marTlmadidebelni kurTxeul arian, yovelni mwvalebelni<br />
SeCuenebul arian.<br />
____<br />
keTilad msaxurTa da marTlmadidbelTa pirvel aRsrulebulTa<br />
sanatrelTa mefeTa CuenTa, saukunomca ars ГsenebaБ da kurTxevaБ maTi.<br />
sanetrelTa da wmidaTa kaTolikosTa da netarTa mRdelTmTavarTa da<br />
mRdelTa, saukunomca...<br />
saukunoБsa netarebisa RirsTa da didTa mnaTobTa CuenTa efTВmi da<br />
giorgi mTawmidelTaБ, saukonomca...
RirsTa mamaTa CuenTa daviT tbelisa da stefane sananoБs ZisaБ,<br />
saukunomca...<br />
dausrulebelisa netarebisa mkВdrTa, berTa CuenTa, saba sulaБs Zisa da<br />
antoni tbelisa da efrem mciraБsaБ [da arseni monazonisa iyalTelisaБ]<br />
saukunoБ...<br />
RirsebiT moxsenebulTa mamTa, efTВmi grZelisa, iovane rexues ZisaБ<br />
SviliTurT, miqel WuaisaБ da giorgi berisai saukunomca...<br />
kualadca vityВT:<br />
yovelnimca mwvalebelni SeCuenebul arian.<br />
yovelnimca marTlmadidebelni kurTxeul arian.<br />
yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa welnimca mraval arian.<br />
yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa saukunomca ars ГsenebaБ.<br />
yovelni mwvalebelni saukunodmca SeCuenebul arian.<br />
yovelTa mwvalebelTa, saukunomca ars wyevaБ da dausrulebeli<br />
SeCuenebaБ 492 .<br />
2. sakanonmdeblo kreba giorgi brwyinvales dros (1335 w.)<br />
1335 w. mefe giorgi brwyinvalem moiwvia sakanonmdeblo kreba, romelSic<br />
mefis Semdeg upirvelesi piri, rogorc TviTon mefe brZanebs – iyo `wminda<br />
meufe da qarTlis kaTalikozi evfTvime~. episkoposebTan erTad<br />
sakanonmdeblo saqmianobaSi monawileobdnen vezirebi, mouravebi, Temisa da<br />
Temis erisTavebi, xevisTavebi, xevisberebi da `herovanni~. mefis, umaRlesi<br />
ierarqebisa da mTavrobis umaRlesi pirebis monawileobiT es kreba miagavs<br />
saxelmwifo darbazobas, romelmac ganixila Seqmnili viTareba da gamosca<br />
Sesabamisi kanonebi, rogorc TviTon krebis oqmi brZanebs. am kanonebSi<br />
gadmocemuli iyo `sasjulo saqme da saeklesio, risic ginda sasaqmosa –<br />
kacis mkvlelTa, eklesiis mkrexvelTa, colis damgdebelTa ubralosaTa, anu<br />
wamgvrelTa~ 493.<br />
krebis mier gamocemuli samarTali, romelic cnobilia saxelwodebiT<br />
`samarTali mefisa giorgisa~, Seicavs eklesiisadmi miZRvnil zogierT muxls,<br />
magram mTlianobaSi igi warmoadgens ara saeklesio, aramed saero, anu<br />
`msoflio~ samarTals, amitomac aRniSnavs kidec kreba _ `Cven msofliosa misi
sisxli da pativi da sasaqmo gagviCenia~ 494 , magram kreba iqve brZanebs, Tuki<br />
raime sxva samarTlebrivi sakiTxi wamoiWreba, misi gadaWra eklesiis<br />
meTaurebs SeuZliaT _ `sxva rac sasjulo sakiTxavi iyos, igi kaTalikozman<br />
da maT ganaCenTa maT zeda episkoposTa maT hkiTxon~ 494 . kreba, i. doliZis<br />
gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, Sedga 1335 wels 495 .<br />
krebam ganixila Semdegi sakiTxi: imis Semdeg, rac mefe dimitris Zem,<br />
giorgi brwinvalem Tavisi taxtisa da skiptris ganmtkicebis mizniT Semoiara<br />
Tavisi sabrZaneblis mTiani mxare Jinvalidan darialamde da ukan _<br />
muxranamde, aRmoCnda, rom rogorc i. doliZe wers _ `CamorCenil mTiulebs<br />
esaWiroebodaT adgilobrivi xasiaTis sakanonmdeblo Zegli~. marTalia,<br />
gaerTianebuli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samefosaTvis XI-XIII saukuneebSi arsebobda<br />
samarTlis wignebi, samefo sjulmdebloba, magram `isini Seusabamoni da<br />
gamousadegarni iyvnen CamorCenili, ganviTarebis patriarqalur safexurze<br />
mdgomi mTiuli mosaxleobisaTvis~ 496 .<br />
amitomac krebam giorgi brwyinvales nebiT ganizraxa Seedgina<br />
adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis samarTlis wigni. misi erT-erTi wyaro yofila beqa<br />
mandaturTuxucesis kanonebi, `giorgi brwyinvalis sakanonmdeblo krebam<br />
gamoiyena saaTabagos samarTlis saTanado normebi mTiulTa<br />
sjulmdeblobisaTvis~ 497 .<br />
`Zeglis dadeba Sedgeba Sesavlisa da 46 muxlisagan. igi sisxlis<br />
samarTlis kanonmdeblobis _ `sisxlis ganaCens~ warmoadgens, samoqalaqo<br />
samarTlis sakiTxebs mxolod oriode muxli exeba~ 497 . samarTali,<br />
Tavdapirvelad, muxlebad dayofili ar yofila. Cans, muxlebad vaxtang VI-is<br />
komisias dauyvia.<br />
es kreba `Tbilis qalaqsa~ Catarebula, rogorc `Zeglis dadebis~<br />
Sesavlidan Cans.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi gamoyenebul sjulmdeblobas am Zeglis<br />
mixedviT `qarTvelT sjuli~ erqva. valis, anu fulis sesxad aRebis Semdeg,<br />
misacemi procenti, anu `sargebeli arc qarTvelT sjulsa Sigan Ze wesad<br />
rome aiRon da arc sxvaTa sjulTa uweria da sargebeli aris uweso~ (muxli<br />
46-e, samarTali mefis giorgisa 498 ). `sxva sjulSi~ Cans, igulisxmeba<br />
bizantiuri samarTali. maSasadame, arc qarTuli da arc berZnuli samarTliT<br />
valis `sargeblis~ aReba ar SeiZleba, anda ukidures SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba<br />
`aTsa TeTrs zeda ori TeTri mieces~ 499 . marTlac, vaxSis aReba ikrZaleba<br />
saeklesio samarTliT. zogadad, ra Tqma unda, gansaxilveli samarTali<br />
saeklesio samarTals efuZneboda. rogorc i. doliZe aRniSnavs, Sua<br />
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi `saqarTvelo mWidro kulturul da<br />
saxelmwifoebriv urTierTobaSi imyofeboda bizantiasTan. qarTulma<br />
samarTalma Taviseburad daamuSava da gamoiyena bizantiuri samarTlis<br />
zogierTi instituti da moxdenilad Seufarda isini Cveni cxovrebis<br />
sinamdviles~ 500 .<br />
Zeglis dadeba mefeTmefis giorgis mier
(amokrebili muxlebi)<br />
Cuen, mefeTmefeman giorgim, Zeman yovelTa Soris warCinebulisa mefeTmefis<br />
dimitrisaman, davdeviT Zegli_ganaCeni ese mas Jamsa, odes SevediT mTiulTa<br />
Sigan mosavlelad RmrTis mowyalebiTa yovlgniT ucileblad qonebasa Sina<br />
samefosa Cuenisasa da ucileblad pyrobasa taxtisa da skiptrisasa.<br />
warvediT taxtiT CueniT qalaqiT da SevediT sasaxlesa Cuensa Jinvansa. da<br />
muniT mivediT Гada-cxaots da movasxeniT yovelni muneburni xevisberni da<br />
herovanni, da gavigoneT maTni saqmeni, davsxediT maTsa sasaqmosa.<br />
da mivediT darielamdis da vscaniT ese, romel RmrTiv gВrgВnosanTa da<br />
sanatrelTa CuenTa CamomavalTa mefeTagan amad ar gasCenoda ZegliTa gaCeniTa<br />
da dadebiTa sisxlisa da sxuaTa mravalTa uwesoTa mimZlavrebulTa saqmeTa:<br />
romelTame saqmisa romlisaTВsme hprianebodaT aRreviT yofa erTmaneTsa<br />
Sigan, da romelTame sxВs Jamisa SemosrulobisaTВs ukue gaCena ver swreboda-<br />
Ra srulad mTiulTa saqmis moklebasa da gaCenasa.<br />
da Jam-guces, mowyalebiTa RmrTisaTa darieliT mobrunvebulTa viloceT<br />
lomisis mTavarmowamis winaSe da CamoviareT cxrazmis xevi da movikuliveT<br />
muneburi sasaqmo.<br />
movediT muxrans, sazamTrosa Cuensa davdegiT, da SemovediT qalaqsa da<br />
SemovitaneT Temisa da Temis erisTavni da ГevisTavni da Гevisberni da<br />
herovanni.<br />
davsxediT da davsГT wmida meufe da qarTlisa kaTalikozi evfTvime,<br />
davsxiT vezirni da ebiskopozni da mouravni, da gavigoneT, romel didi<br />
usamarTlo da mZlavrebuli qmniliyo erTmaneTsa zeda, da sisxlis<br />
msubuqobisaTВs advil Cnda erTmaneTis Ralatad dasxma da daqceva cixeTa,<br />
sikudili, colis wagura da ubralod dagdeba, da mravalferni ulusoba da<br />
yol samarTali aRar iyo-Ra.<br />
da dReisiT winaT-Ra erTmaneTis sayofTa saqmeTa amad aRar SemoviReT, _<br />
erTmaneTis amosula ar iqneboda, ganaCen-daudebloba eqmnaT.<br />
da aw yuela gavaCineT, ra rigad vis ra eyos erTmaneTis avi, sisxli dges<br />
anu sxua sasaqmo ra ginda ra iyos _ gardaГdes.<br />
juarTa yels aqeT, Гada-cxaots, zandukis Гevs, kibeT queSeT da menesos<br />
zemoT es ganaCeni davdeviT.<br />
sasjulo saqme da saeklesio, risac ginda sasaqmosa, _ kacis mkulelTa,<br />
eklesiis mkrexvelTa, colis damgdebelTa ubralosaTa, anu wamgurelTa, _<br />
sxua rac sasjulo sakiTxavi iyos, igi kaTalikozman da maT, ganaCenTa maT<br />
zeda ebiskopozTa, maT hkiTxon.<br />
Cuen msofliosaa misi sisxli, pativi da sasaqmo gagВCenia.<br />
dReisiTgan waRma esreT iqmnas.<br />
[lomisisa glexisa asre iyos] 42. lomisisa vinc glexi moklas, Tu<br />
mefeTagan Sewirulia, gina sxuaTa visganme, aTasxuTasi TeTri daeurvos. TaviT<br />
ZueliTgan gaCenili aris lomisis samZRvarsa zeda, _ amieri Гada-cxaotis<br />
mimdgomi aris, _ da agreve gaCeniT iyos.
valis saqme asre gavaCineT 46. sargebeli arc qarTvelT sjulTa Sigan Zes<br />
wesad, rome aRiRon, da arc sxuaTa sjulTa uweria. da sargebeli aris uweso.<br />
da Tu radme mimcemi kaci esre avi iyos, rome sargebeli aRiRos, ra ginda<br />
ra xani gamosuliyos, aTsa TeTrs zeda ori TeTri mieces, _ razomi didi xani<br />
daeyos, amis mets nuras miscems da arc samarTalia misacemlad.<br />
da Tu dia raTme avi kaci ar aris, arc amisi aReba marTebs.<br />
samarTali esreT yon yovelTa 501 .<br />
3. Wulevis sakanonmdeblo krebis `kanonikuri samarTali~ (1381-1386 ww)<br />
meToTxmete saukunis 80-ian wlebSi mesxeTSi, Wulevis monasterSi,<br />
(Tanamedrove adigenis raionSi) Sedga saeklesio sakanonmdeblo kreba,<br />
romelic moiwvia aTabag-amirspasalarma aRbuRam. i. doliZis azriT, es kreba<br />
unda Catarebuliyo 1381-1386 wlebSi. `me aTabag-amirspasalarman aRbuRa,<br />
movaxseneT patiosansa… mawyverelsa da biZaTa CemTa, SaSiasa da missa Zmas<br />
safaris moZRvarsa pafnutis, xuTsave Temsa samcxisasa, taovelTa, SavSTa da<br />
klarjTa da maT Sina myofTa episkoposTa da meudabnoeTa, moweseTa<br />
mowmobiTa, mindobilni RmrTisani da yovlad wmindisa RvTismSobelisani~ 502 .<br />
am krebis mier gamocemuli samarTali gavrcelda mTel saqarTveloSi,<br />
rogorc saeklesio da saqveyno moqmedi samarTali.<br />
Cven adre vwerdiT, rom saeklesio kreba saqarTveloSi warmoadgenda amave<br />
dros saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas, maSasadame, krebas episkoposebsa da<br />
sasuliero warmomadgenlebTan erTad eswrebodnen darbaiselnic – darbazis<br />
wevrebic mefis meTaurobiT, anu ukeT rom vTqvaT, darbazoba saeklesio<br />
sakiTxTa ganxilvis dros saeklesio krebas warmoadgenda. Wulevis krebasac<br />
eswrebodnen mesxeTis episkoposebi, kerZod, TviT samcxidan mowveulni<br />
taoeli, SavSeli, klarjeli episkoposebi, gansakuTrebuli adgili eWiraT<br />
awyurisa da safaris sasuliero pirebs, sxva `moweseebs~ da meudabnoe mamebs.<br />
saero pirTagan ki gamoirCeodnen samTavro saxlis meTauri, romelic amave<br />
dros iyo sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifos aTabag-amirspasalari aRbuRa<br />
da sxva adgilobrivi umaRlesi xelisufalni (SaSia da misi Zma, romelic<br />
amave dros safaris moZRvari iyo).<br />
ra warmoadgenda krebis ganxilvis sagans? xelnaweris saxiT Semonaxuli<br />
krebis oqmidan Cans, rom krebam ganixila da uklebliv daamtkica 70-80 wliT<br />
adre, daaxloebiT 1295-1304 wlebSi Sedgenili beqa mandaturTuxucesis<br />
samarTali. krebam am samarTals daurTo Tavis mier SemuSavebuli axali<br />
kanonebi, romelTa amoqmedebis mizezi Seiqna droTa viTarebaSi `Semosuli
uweso saqmeebi~, garda amisa, ganisazRvra saqarTveloSi SemoRebuli axali<br />
fulis erTeulis nominalic da misi moqmedebis areali gaavrceles mesxeTSi.<br />
saeklesio krebam beqas kanonebs daumata 33 muxli, romelic aRbuRa<br />
aTabag-amirspasalaris samarTlis saxeliTaa amJamad cnobili, radganac<br />
swored igi iyo meTauri da iniciatori axali kanonebis SemoRebisa Tavis<br />
sabrZanebelSi (samcxeSi). Seqmnili viTarebis gamo _ `laSqarTa Sina cxenis<br />
parva Seqmniliyo, ewyina sapatioTa kacTa da mis winaSe sapatioTa msxdomTa<br />
kacTa... esreT gaaCines 503 . maSasadme, kanonebi SemuSavda `sapatio msxdomTa<br />
kacTa~ mier. iqamde ki Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesaxeb aRbuRas `sapatio<br />
kacebisaTvis~ ucnobebia, maT ki Tavis mxriv sxdoma, anu Sekreba mouwveviaT, es<br />
iyo swored Wulevis saeklesio kreba.<br />
krebam, rogorc aRvniSneT, Tavdapirvelad ganixila beqa<br />
mandaturTuxucesis kanonebi da aRiara igi qmediTunarianad (sul 65 muxli),<br />
Semdgom ki mas axali muxlebi daumata (e.w. aRbuRas kanonebi). Tavdapirvelad,<br />
kanonebi muxlad dayofili ar yofila, aramed dayofili iyo mTavar<br />
nawilebad sakiTxebis mixedviT. sabolood ki krebam aRniSnul (beqasa da<br />
aRbuRas) kanonebs daurTo ZvelTaganve arsebuli e.w. `bagrat kurapalatis<br />
samarTlis~ muxlebi da agreTve kanonikuri samarTlis muxlebi Sedgenili<br />
TviT Wulevis krebis mier. e.i. gamocemul iqna samarTlis axali krebuli,<br />
romelic Tavis mxriv Setanil iqna vaxtangis `samarTlis wignebis krebulSi~.<br />
i. doliZis gamocemis mixedviT, Zegli Seicavs sul 170 muxls, aqedan beqas<br />
samarTals miekuTvneba 1-65 muxli, aRbuRas 66-98, bagrat kurapalats – 99-160,<br />
kanonikur samarTls – 161-170, kanonTa bolos SecdomiT, ganmeorebiT<br />
miuweriaT ramdenime kanoni 504 .<br />
beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis umTavres nawils sisxlis samarTlis<br />
normebi Seadgens. saTanado adgili aqvs daTmobili saeklesio da samoqalaqo<br />
samarTalsac. magaliTad, mawyvereli episkoposis adgili sasamarTlo<br />
warmoebisas gaTanabrebulia patron-aTabagTan, muxlebSi 1, 4, 18, 22, 25, 33, 40.<br />
pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, patronad iwodeba mawyvereli, iseve, rogorc<br />
aTabagi. `sisxlis ganaCenis~ aRniSnuli muxliT Tu didebuli didebuls<br />
moklavda, adgilze unda misuliyo `aTabagis kaci~ da `mawyverelis xati~,<br />
Semdeg moSuRar mxareTa Soris mtroba unda Sewyvetiliyo da saqme<br />
sasamarTlos unda gadascemoda. Tu erTi mxare gadaixveweboda, `mamuli<br />
patronsa aqundes jayelsa da mawyverelsa~, e.i. mamuli damnaSaves<br />
CamoerTmeoda da jayelsa da mawyverels gadaecemoda. aseve iyo agreTve roca<br />
aznauri aznaurs moklavda.<br />
22-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu Zma Zmas moklavda, damnaSaves unda gadaexada<br />
`patronis~ (jayelis) da `laSqris~ sasargeblod da, agreTve, mawyverelis an<br />
sxva adgilobrivi episkoposis sasargeblod: `episkoposman misi wesi icis,<br />
raca marTebs, man uyos~ 505 . 33-e muxlSi naxsenebia `patroni mawyvereli~.<br />
`patrons~, sxva muxlis Tanaxmad, SeeZlo damnaSavis `morbeva, mamulis waReba,<br />
gaZeveba~ da sxv. (muxli 40). saerTod, samarTali ixilavs sasjelebs<br />
mkvlelobis, sxeulis dazianebis, Seuracxyofis, ciliswamebis, sqesobrivi<br />
danaSaulis, qalis motacebis, colis an qmris dagdebis, gaZarcvis, qurdobis,<br />
meqrTameobis, Ralatis, TviTnebobis dros. agreTve, Seicavs samoqalaqo<br />
samarTlis muxlebs, romlebic ganixilaven sakuTrebis uflebas, giravnobas,<br />
nasyidobas, mibarebas, sesxs, Cuqebas, Tavdebobas, Txovebas, saojaxo
samarTals, memkvidreobas. sasamarTlo wyobilebasa da sasamarTlo warmoebas<br />
eZRvneba muxlebi, romlebic ganixilavs – bWisa da bWobis, Suakacis, ficis da<br />
moficaris, mowmis, werilobiT sabuTebis sakiTxebs 506 .<br />
beqasa da aRbuRas samarTlis wignis boloSi darTulia kanonebi bagrat<br />
kurapalatisa da saeklesio dadgenilebebi. i. doliZis TvalsazrisiT, am<br />
kanonebis sjulmdebeli unda iyos mefe bagrat IV (1027-1072) da mas unda<br />
mieweros beqasa da aRbuRas samarTlis wignis 99-160 kanonebi. sxva mecnierTa<br />
azriT, rogorc ganvixileT, es kanonebi ekuTvnis bagrat kurapalats (IX s.). es<br />
kanonebi `episkoposTa, didebulTa da aznaurTa da WkuianTa kacTa mefeTa<br />
winaSe erTbamad~ SeumuSavebiaT anu `gauCeniaT~ `gangebiTa RmrTisaTa~ 507 .<br />
maSasadame, kanonebis SemuSavebaSi eklesiis ierarqebs _ episkoposebs<br />
didebulebTan erTad miuRiaT monawileoba. muxlebis erTi nawili saeklesio<br />
saqmeebs awesrigebs, amitomac es samarTali saeklesio samarTlis wyaroa.<br />
pirvelive muxli mouwodebs mosamarTleebs `marTali samarTali unda<br />
gaaCinoT RvTis SiSiT, qrTamisa da Tnebis gareSe~. sasurvelad miiCnevda<br />
mosamarTle momrigeblad daadginon `moZRvari~ an sxva sapatio piri. 103-e<br />
muxliT, Tu episkoposi damnaSavea mefis winaSe, mefes ar SeuZlia misi<br />
Sepyroba, aramed episkoposs evaleba `Sexvewa, Sekazmva mefisa~. gansakuTrebiT<br />
sainteresoa da cnobilia bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis 102-e muxli,<br />
romelSic naTqvamia _ `meore mefe episkoposi ars~. mTlianad es muxli aseTia<br />
_ `Tu mefe episkopozsa gauwyres, gina usamarTlod, gina samarTliT, xelTa<br />
Sepyrobai arca maSin moxdebis, amisaTvis raime meore mefe episkopozi ars da<br />
qristianeTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli da raica mefesa sjulisa saqme aqvs,<br />
agre Seiwynaren~ 508 .<br />
maSasadame, episkoposisa da mefis iuridiuli wona samarTlis samsjavros<br />
winaSe Tanabaria, amitomac Tuki episkoposi damnaSavea kanonis winaSe, igi<br />
iseve unda daisajos, ra sasjelsac kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs mefisaTvis<br />
mocemuli danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi. mefes damnaSave episkoposis Sepyroba ar<br />
SeuZlia, ar SeuZlia misi Sepyroba im SemTxvevaSic, Tuki mefe piradad<br />
miiCnevs episkoposs arasasurvel pirad. kanonmdebloba sasuliero da saero<br />
umaRles xelisufalT (am SemTxvevaSi, mefesa da episkoposs) aTanabrebs. es<br />
principi, i. doliZis azriT, momdinareobs bizantiuri samarTlidan 509 . es<br />
principi asaxulia vaxtangis samarTlis wignis 25-e muxlSic _ `mefisa da<br />
kaTalikozis saqme... orisave swori aris, amitom rom erTi xorcis xelmwifea<br />
da meore sulisa~.<br />
mefisa da episkoposis uflebrivad gaTanabrebis principi aseve<br />
gatarebulia bagratis samarTlis 103-e muxlSic, romlis Tanaxmad sjulis,<br />
eklesiis, episkoposisa da mefis winaSe damnaSave mRvdeli, moZRvari an<br />
monazoni ar eqvemdebareboda Sepyrobas. misi qmedeba unda gamoeZiaT da Tanxis<br />
gadaxdiT daesajaT.<br />
ufro meti, 105-e muxlis Tanaxmad, didebulis Tu sxvaTa mier sasuliero<br />
piris SepyrobisaTvis sasjeli Sempyrobs daedeboda. aseve isjeba Semdegi<br />
muxliT mRvdlis meuRlis `momyinvebeli~. 106-e muxliT didebuli, romelic<br />
episkoposs Seaginebda, didi xvewnis Semdeg 40 000 TeTrs gadaixdida. xolo<br />
imave qmedebisaTvis aznauri 20. 000 TeTriT daisjeboda, sazogadod, momdevno<br />
muxlebi umetesad eklesias, anda sasuliero pirebs Seexeba, ase rom, bagrat<br />
kurapalatis samarTalic saeklesio samarTlis wyaroa. sainteresoa 121-e
muxli, romlidanac vigebT, rom eklesiaSi `qveynis samlocvelod~ dasvenebul<br />
macxovris xatisaTvis qveyana valdebuli iyo Seewira ocdaaTi glexi, e. i.<br />
maTgan Semosavali unda moxmareboda xatis movla-patronobas, dacvasa da mis<br />
winaSe locvis saqmes. yovlad wmida RvTismSoblis xatisaTvis Tormeti glexi<br />
unda SeewiraT, amdenive glexi iyo dadgenili sxva xatebisTvisac. amiT iyo<br />
gamowveuli is, rom udidesi ganZi, Zvirfasi xatebi da saeklesio nivTebi<br />
eklesia-monastrebSi saukuneTa manZilze SesaniSnavad iyo daculi. zemoT<br />
moyvanili muxlebi episkoposTa xelSeuxeblobis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi<br />
imdenad gaTavisebuli iyo, rom mxolod ucxoelebma _ sparselebma da rusebma<br />
gabedes misi darRveva _ magaliTad, rodesac rostom-xanma evdemoz<br />
kaTalikosi moakvlevina da rusma xelisuflebma ki cemiT mokles dosiTeos<br />
quTaTeli mitropoliti, imereTis kaTalikosis adgilze mjdomi.<br />
Wulevis saeklesio krebas, rogorc aRvniSneT, mouZiebia da daurTavs<br />
aRbuRas kanonebisaTvis beqa mandaturTuxucesis da, agreTve, bagrat<br />
kurapalatis kanonebi. Wulevis krebas unda daematebina mTeli am samarTlis<br />
krebulisaTvis e.w. `kanonikuri samarTlis~ muxlebi. krebas am kanonebiT<br />
surda RalatiT Zmis Tu sxva kacis mkvlelis, asoTa moWris, brZolaSi<br />
moklulis gaZarcvis, usamarTlod saxelgatexili kacis mokvlis, kanonieri<br />
colis wagvris, sasuliero piris RalatiT mokvlis da sxva msgavsi uzneo<br />
qmedebis aRmofxvra. amitomac yovel muxls axlavs damarRvevlis wyevlis<br />
formula. sazogadod, qurdobis, eklesiis gatexis, venaxis aWris, saydris<br />
saqonlis motacebis, cecxlis wakidebasa da sxva danaSaulSi mxilebuli<br />
damnaSaveebi wyevliTac isjebodnen da, agreTve, Sesabamisi kanoniTac<br />
(saeklesio sasjelis garda). kreba 165-e, 168-170 muxlebis dasasruls<br />
iTvaliswinebs sanqcias, rom damnaSave `kanonsameca qveSe iqnebis wmindaca<br />
mociqulTaca~ _ rac kanonikuri samarTlis formulas warmoadgens 510 .<br />
amitomac, aseTi muxlebis, anu sakanonos dadeba SeeZlo swored saeklesio<br />
krebas da asec moqceula Wulevis kreba. kanonebSi moxseniebuli `sapiro da<br />
sanaxSiro~ unda niSnavdes, samomrigeblos, samosalaparakeblos, anu mxareTa<br />
Soris molaparakebisa da morigebis miRwevisaTvis gankuTvnil gasamrjelos.<br />
`sanaxSo~ salaparako adgils erqva. samarTali, ZiriTadad, msoflio<br />
saeklesio krebaTa kanonebs eyrdnoba.<br />
i. doliZe wers: `samcxe-saaTabagos samTavros saSinao marTva-gamgeoba<br />
mTlianad patron _ aTabagis mier damoukideblad xorcieldeboda. `imxanad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mTlianoba imdenad daSlili iyo, rom mefes TiTqmis<br />
aRaraviTari Zala aRar hqonda~ 511 . sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba saaTabagoSi<br />
patron aTabags ekuTvnis da igi am uflebas <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefisagan<br />
damoukideblad axorcielebs, igi aRWurvilia uzenaesi sasamarTlo xelisuflebiTac~<br />
512 . magram sagangebod unda aRiniSnos, rom patroni aTabagi araa<br />
TviTmpyrobeli xelisufali, mis samTavroSi zogierTi gansakuTrebuli<br />
saxelisuflo da sasamarTlo ufleba miniWebuli aqvs eklesias, kerZod ki<br />
awyuris episkoposs (mawyverels). `awyuris episkoposis sasamarTlo<br />
iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareboda mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani sisxlisa da<br />
samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi (beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis mixedviT). mawyvereli<br />
aTabagTan erTad axorcielebs umaRles sasamarTlo xelisuflebas.<br />
saaTabagos <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samefosagan gandgomam didi gavlena moaxdina<br />
mawyverelis damoukideblobaze da misi sasamarTlo iurisdiqciis zrdaze.
saaTabagoSi mawyvereli iseTive umaRlesi saeklesio Tanamdebobis piri iyo,<br />
rogorc kaTalikosi saqarTveloSi. Tu aTabagi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefes arafers<br />
ekiTxeboda, mawyverelic damoukidiebeli iyo mcxeTis saeklesio kaTedrisagan.<br />
samcxe-saaTabagoSi igi damoukideblad axorcielebda umaRles saeklesio<br />
xelisuflebas da sjulmdeblobas~ 513 . magram xazgasmiTaa aRsaniSnavi, rom<br />
`Tu sasuliero saqmeebSi mawyvereli uzenaesi piria, saero samarTlis<br />
saqmeebSi is aTabagis Tanasworia, masTan erTad axorcielebs umaRles<br />
marTlmsajulebas~ 514 .<br />
amiT (e.i. samarTlis sferoSi aTabagisa da mawyverelis TanasworobiT)<br />
aris gamowveuli beqa-aRbuRas samarTlad cnobili wignebis Sedgeniloba.<br />
isidore doliZis TvalsazrisiT beqasa da aRbuRas samarTali Tavdapirvelad<br />
98 muxlisagan Sedgeboda (eyrdnoba 1672 wlis xelnawers), e.i. igi Sedgeboda<br />
mxolod beqa mandaturTuxucesis da aRbuRa aTabag-amirspasalaris<br />
samarTlisagan. mxolod Semdgom saukuneebSi `sxva muxlebi SemTxveviTa da<br />
SemTxveviT miumates am sakanonmdeblo Zegls~ 515 . es Camateba i.doliZis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, Seusrulebia `vaxtang mefis sakodifikacio komisias~ 1 . Cveni<br />
Tvalsazrisi gansxvavdeba am mxriv. Cveni fiqriT WulevSi Sedga<br />
sakanonmdeblo saeklesio kreba, romelmac sabolood gamosca mTliani saxiT<br />
erTiani sakanonmdeblo Zegli, romelic imTaviTve Sedgeboda rogorc beqasa<br />
da aRbuRas samarTlisagan, agreTve Seicavda 99-160 (e.i. bagrat kurapalatis<br />
samarTals) da rac umTavresia, krebis mier gamocemul 161-170 muxlebs (e.i.<br />
kanonikur samarTals). es gamowveuli unda yofiliyo zemoaRniSnuli<br />
garemoebiT, kerZod, imiT rom, marTalia patroni aTabagi saTaveSi edga<br />
samTavros sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas, magram igi am udides uflebas<br />
iziarebda mawyverelTan erTad. eklesiis es uflebamosileba (samarTlis<br />
sferoSi) kargad Canda uZveles adgilobriv (yofil tao-klarjeTSi)<br />
SemuSavebul ZeglSi, romelic bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis saxeliT iyo<br />
cnobili (IX s. Zeglia). am Zeglis CarTviT Wulevis krebam eklesiis uzenaesi<br />
sasamarTlo da saxelisuflo uflebani kidev erTxel gaxada TvalsaCino da<br />
kanonmdeblobis saxiT daamtkica.<br />
[Wulevis krebis samarTali]<br />
(amokrebili muxlebi)<br />
[Sesavali, beqa mandaturTuxucesis samarTlidan]. SeviyareniT WulevTa,<br />
mindobilni RmrTisani da awyuris RmrTismSoblisani, da... davideviT wina
patronisa papiCemisa mandaturTuxucesis beqas ganaCeni da igi agreve<br />
srulobiT da ukleblad davswereT.<br />
da raca JamTa siaviTa sxvani uwesoni saqmeni Semosuliyvnen, maTi<br />
samarTalica zeda daurTeT, asre rome, _ rac sisxlisa da gerSisa, dasxmisa<br />
da Ralatisa da rasa ginda ferisa dasaurvebeli saqme iyos.<br />
patronisa papisCemisagan ganaCeni yazanuri TeTri iyo da ama JamT-Siga<br />
yazanuroba aR-sadme-moklebuliyo (?). da didis warCinebulis mefis giorgis<br />
Jamisa TeTri gavaCineT; oriani xuTi dangi wminda vercxli da rogoraca aw<br />
Jamisa TeTri iyos, angariSiT ama wesiT aRiRebden.<br />
amad ara CamovamcreviT, rome avi saqme nu visganme gaadvildebis.<br />
awyurisa da safarisa, viTa ZveliTgan yofiliyo, arca didsa mefesa<br />
moeSala da Cven ganaRamca agreTve davamtkiceT.<br />
wigni samarTlisa kacTa Secodebisa yovlisave<br />
saxeliTa RmrTisaБTa dausabamoБsa mamisa, Zisa da wmidisa sulisaБTa,<br />
meoxebiTa yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaБTa da yovelTa wmidaTa zecisa<br />
da queyanisaБTa, me, aTabag-amilspasalarman aRbuRa, movaГseneT patiosansa...<br />
mawyuerelsa da biZaZeTa CemTa, SaSiasa da missa Zmas safaris moZRuarsa<br />
pafnutis; xuTsave Temsa samcxisasa, taovelTa, SavSTa da klarjTa, da maT<br />
Sina myofTa episkopozTa da meudabnoveTa, moweseTa mowmobiTa. mindobilni<br />
RmrTisani da yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisani, dav[i]deviT winaSe<br />
patronisa papisCemisa beqaБs ganaCeni; igi srulobiT da ukleblad davwereT;<br />
da raБca JamTa siaviTa sxuani uwesoni saqmeni Semosrul iyvnes, maTi<br />
samarTali zeda daurTeT, ase rome, _ raБca sisxlisa, gerSisa dasxmisa,<br />
Ralatisa da raБsa ginda TeTrisa sauravisa saqme iyos.<br />
patonis papisCemisagan ganaCeni yazanuri TeTri iyo. ama Jamsa Sina<br />
yazanuroba arRara iyo. didisa mefisa giorgis Jamisa TeTri gavaCineT:<br />
oriani xuTi dangi wmida vecxli. da rogorca TeTri iyos, angariSad ima<br />
wesiTa aiRebodes. amad ara CamovamcreviT, rome avi saqme nu visgan<br />
gaadvildebis.<br />
awyurisa da safarisa viTa ZveliTgan yofiliyo, arca didsa patonsa<br />
moeSala, Cuen ganaRamca egreTve davamtkiceT.<br />
[bagrat kurapalatis samarTlidan] 100. vinca moZRuari iyos, anu mefeTa<br />
winaSe zrdili da namyofi kaci iyos, anu kargi did-vaWari, anu kargi<br />
soflisa mamasaxlisi iyos, ageTi kaci dasvi bWed, Wkuiani iqnebis da kargad<br />
ecodinebis bWobaБ, da usamarTlos aras ityВs.<br />
101. Tu ebiskopozman mefesa Sescodos, mefisagan Гelad SepyrobaБ ara<br />
egebis, amad rome misda muqafad sasjelisa damamtkicebeli ars.<br />
SexuewaБ, SekazmaБ marTebs ebiskopozsa mefisaБ.<br />
102. Tu mefe ebiskopozsa gauwyres, gina usamarTlod, gina samarTliTa,<br />
ГelTa SepyrobaБ arca maSin moГdebis, amisTВis rome meore mefe ebiskopozi<br />
ars da qristianeTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli.<br />
da raБca mefesa sjulisa saqme aqus, agre Seiwynaren.<br />
103. Tu moZRuarman anu mRdelman, anu monazonman mefesa anu ebiskopozsa<br />
Sescodos, anu sjulsa, anu eklesiasa Sescodos, ГelTa aravisgan Seipyrobis.
gakiTxvaБ unda, da raБca mizezi daswamon, mas mizezsa unda gamonaxvaБ<br />
gardaГdevinebaБ.<br />
104. vinca, anu didebulman, anu aznaurman, anu sxuaman vinme, monazoni anu<br />
mRdeli mZlavrebiT ГelTa Seipyras, raБsaca guarisa iyos, mis sisxlsa xuTi<br />
aTasi sxuaБ ematos.<br />
da Tu guariani iyos anu Гelismqonebeli, missa sisxlsa naxevari sisxli<br />
ematos.<br />
105. Tu kacman xucisa coli moayivnos, gina uzesTaesman, gina uquemoesman,<br />
missa sisxlsa samoci aTasi TeTri sxuaБ ematos.<br />
106. Tu ebiskopozsa didebulman aginos, ormoci aTasi TeTri dauurvos da<br />
didad Seexuewis.<br />
107. Tu [ebiskopozsa] aznaurman aginos, didiTa SexuewiTa oci aTasi TeTri<br />
dauurvos.<br />
108. Tu aznaurman anu didebulman mRdelsa aginos, anu uquemoesman,<br />
mesamedi sixlisaБ dauurvos da didad Seexuewos.<br />
109. Tu kacman kaci guemos da eklesiaБ gautexos, raБsaca guarisa iyos,<br />
sruli sisxli dauurvos.<br />
112. Tu igi eklesiaБ sanaxevro iyos, anu samesamedo, anu sameoTxedo, anu<br />
samrevlo, angariSi qnan da agre dauurvos, raБca wili edvas.<br />
visiTaca mizeziTa damarTebodes, sapiro man dauurvos. da ima eklesiisa<br />
moziareni gverca udgenda rome maTca ara gamoyon, ara emarTlebian.<br />
113. Tu eklesiaБ mekobreTa gatexon patronisa ukiTxavad da ese daswamon,<br />
Sen icodio, patronman mis mekobrisaman ucodneloba ficos ocdaoTxisa<br />
kaciTa da daejerebis. mekobre ГelTa misces, raБ ginda uyon, nu daemdurebis.<br />
alafica ukleblad Seaqcion, gina maT gamoiRon.<br />
115. Tu eklesiasa daesxnen, xuTi aTasi TeTri dauurvon saupatiod.<br />
121. sadaca macxovrisa xati esuenos samcvelod queyanisa, saupatiod<br />
ocdaaTi glexi marTebs, Tormeti _ yovlad wmidisa, Tormeti _<br />
mTavarangelozTa, Tormeti _ sxuaTa wmidaTa mRvdelT-moZRvarTa, mociqulTa,<br />
wmidis giorgisa, naTlismcemelisa da sxuaTa wmidaTa.<br />
[kanonikuri samarTali] 161. romelmanca, vinca ginda didman, anu mcireman<br />
kacman, RalatiT ZmaБ moklas da anu RalatiT sxuaБ kaci, krul da wyeul,<br />
SeCuenebul iyavn dausabamoБsa RmrTisa piriTa.<br />
da viTarisaca guarisa iyos kaci igi, orkeci sisxli dauurvos.<br />
da vinca uSuelos da Seiwynaros, krul da wyeul, SeCuenebul iyavn.<br />
162. vinca qristianeman kacman Zmas Tualni daswunes cxadad anu Ralatad,<br />
anu mohkueTos raБme asoTagani, sisxli sruli da sanaxSiro dauurvos.<br />
krul da wyeul, SeCuenebul iyavn, da cudmca ars mosaГsenebeli sicocxle<br />
da sikudili misi.<br />
163. brZolaTa Sina romelica kaci mokudes, abjrisagan kide tansacmelsa<br />
da nifxav-perangsa nu vin moГdis.<br />
krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn RmrTisa piriTa.<br />
164. vinca mekobre, mejurmuce da mparavi kaci moklas, cxadad gamoCndes,<br />
rome usamarTlo yofiliyos, _ vinca misman naTesavman da saSualTa misi<br />
sisxli ikiTxon, krul da SeCuenebul da wyeul iyavn.<br />
165. romelman kacman vis ginda misi guirguin nakurTxi coli wauRos da<br />
mostacos, sruli sisxli dauurvos, raБsaca guarisa iyos.
krul da wyeul da SeCuenebul [iyavn] piriTa RmrTisaБTa.<br />
da kanonsamca queSe iqmnebis wmidaTa mociqulTasa.<br />
166. romelmanca, vin ginda guarman kacman, xucesi, monazoni anu diakoni<br />
malviT, RalatiT moklas, Seipyras da gaZarcos, ori keci sisxli dauurvos.<br />
krul da wyeul da SeCuenebul [iyavn] suli da Гorci misi.<br />
167. romelmanca kacman ra ginda ra moiparos da gamoCndes, ornive Tualni<br />
daewunen da anu Гel-ferГi daeWras.<br />
Tu sapatiJosa adgilsa ara moeparos, vin iyiddes, viTaca daafason, egre<br />
mihyidon, da naparevi dauklebliv missa patronsa misces.<br />
da krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn.<br />
168. romelmanca kacman, didman anu mcireman, raБsa ginda nivTianisa<br />
saqmisaTВis da mterobisaTВis, sisxlisa da valisa gardaГdisaTВis eklesiaБ<br />
gatexos anu cecxli Seudvas da dawuas, anu cxadad anu idumal, kanonsamca<br />
queSe ars wmidaTa mociqulTasa da wmidaTa krebaTasa.<br />
krul da wyeul da SeCvenebul iyavn.<br />
mcire ese dasaurvebeli gangВiCenia, _ raБca amisa eklesiisa dasaurvebeli<br />
patiJi eweros da gaCenil iyos, orkeci dauurvos, da alafi raБca waeRos,<br />
uzRos. amave kanonsa queSe iyos kaci igi.<br />
169. romelmanca kacman, ginda sisxlisa da gulis tkivilisaTВis, venaГi<br />
daWras anu xeni nayofierni, anu yanaБ daTibos, cxadad anu idumal, krul da<br />
wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn kaci igi caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda.<br />
[169 1 ]. vinca saydrisa saqonebelTa senakTa, agaraTa, saxlTa, beRelTa,<br />
maranTa da vis ginda sxuaTa kacisa mosaГmarebelTa RamiT cecxli Seudvas,<br />
raБsa ginda sisxlisa [da] mterobisaTВis, raБsaca gulis tkivilisaTВis anu<br />
movalebisaTВis, krul, wyeul da SeCueneul iyavn igi kaci caTa Sina da<br />
queyanasa zeda.<br />
da romlisaca saqmisaTВis qnas igi saqme, gardaГdes.<br />
da viTarca adgili iyos, sisxli da patiJi gardaiГados da kanonsa queSe<br />
iyos. da danaklebi uzRos.<br />
170. vin ginda kacman raБsa ginda saqmisa da mterobisaTВis saydarsa da<br />
saydrisa saqonebelsa malviTa anu cxadad cecxli Seudvas, dawuas ra ginda<br />
ra, cxadad gamoCndes, saydris patiJad ocdaTormeti aTasisa TeTrisa<br />
dauurvos.<br />
da krul da wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn, da cudmca ars mosaГsenebeli<br />
suli da Гorci misi amas sofelsa da mas saukunosa dausabamoБsa RmrTisa<br />
madliTa da kanonosa queSe ars wmidaTa mociqulTasa 516 .<br />
4. caiS-bediis Sekrebis `mcnebaБ sasjuloБ~ (1470-1474 ww.)<br />
XV saukunis bolos saqarTveloSi Camosula antioqia-ierusalimis<br />
patriarqi mixeili, misTvis umaspinZlia bediel-caiSel episkopos ioakimes,<br />
mefe bagrats, dadian-guriel Samadavlas, sxva erisTavebs, didebulebs,<br />
aznaurebs. sayovelTao, saqveyno saWiroebisaTvis antioqiel patriarqs<br />
Zegliswerac dautovebia, romelsac boloSi `biWvintis RvTismSoblisa<br />
saWeTmpyrobeli kaTalikozis~ beWedi azis. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom
antioqia-ierusalimis patriarqis mixeilis Camosvlisas moxda Sekreba<br />
episkoposebisa, miT umetes, rom am dros axali kaTalikosic ukurTxebiaT,<br />
rac, cxadia, episkoposTa Sekrebis gareSe ar moxdeboda, amitomac maT<br />
TavSeyras SeiZleba `kreba~ uwodiT.<br />
zogierTi istorikosis TvalsazrisiT, antioqielma patriarqma xeli<br />
daasxa afxazeTis kaTalikoss, akurTxa igi da amiT TiTqosda qarTuli<br />
eklesiis wiaRidan gamoyo lixT-imereTis (afxazeTis) sakaTalikoso. am<br />
Tvalsazrisis gaziareba ar SeiZleba. saqme isaa, rom rogorc antioqieli<br />
patriarqis XV s.-Si saqarTveloSi Camosvlamde, ise mas Semdegac, afxazeTis,<br />
anu dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sakaTalikoso yovelTvis iyo qarTuli eklesiis<br />
erT-erTi cocxali da Zlieri nawili. mis mrevls warmoadgendnen dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi, romelnic mterTagan SedarebiT<br />
daculobis gamo, mtkiced inarCunebdnen ZvelqarTul adaTebs, wesebsa da<br />
Cveulebebs. am sakaTalikosoSi mudam, vidre XIX saukunemde, ruseTis mier<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebamde, wirva-locvis,<br />
RvTismsaxurebis erTaderTi ena iyo qarTuli ena. afxazeTis kaTalikosebi<br />
mudam qarTvelebi iyvnen iseve, rogorc episkoposebi da cxadia, mrevlic.<br />
sabuTebi, sigelebi, gujrebi, warwerebi mxolod da mxolod qarTulad iyo<br />
Sedgenili.<br />
Cvenamde moRweulia gvarebi afxazeTis kaTalikosebisa, romelnic zeobdnen<br />
antioqieli patriarqis mixeilis Semdeg, yvelas gvari qarTulia, yvelani<br />
qarTuli eklesiis cnobili moRvaweni arian, maT Sesaxeb da maTi xeliT<br />
Sedgenili mravali dokumentia moRweuli, esenia: malaqia abaSiZe (1529-1532),<br />
evdemon CxetiZe (1557-1578), eqvTime I sayvareliZe (1578-1605), malaqia gurieli<br />
(1616-1639), maqsime maWutaZe (1639-1567), zaqaria qvariani (1657-1660), simon CxetiZe<br />
(1661-1666), evdemon II sayvareliZe (1666-1669), eqvTime II sayvareliZe (1669-1673),<br />
daviT nemsaZe (1673-1696), grigol lorTqifaniZe (1696-1742), germane wulukiZe,<br />
besarion erisTavi (1755-1769), ioseb bagrationi, maqsime abaSiZe (1776-1795) da<br />
sxvebi. arc erTi maTgani ar kurTxeula ucxo patriarqis mier, ase rom,<br />
antioqieli patriarqis mixeilis mier afxazeTis kaTalikos ioakimes<br />
kurTxevas, Tu es namdvilad ase moxda, ar SeuzRudavs dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
sakaTalikosos TavisTavadoba _ avtokefalia, sxva, romelime ucxo eklesiis<br />
sasargeblod, araviTari zegavlena ar mouxdenia am mxriv mis kanonikur<br />
mdgomareobaze. SesaZlebelia ucxo patriarqma mixeilma monawileoba miiRo<br />
bedieli episkoposis (ioakimes) kaTalikosad kurTxevaSi, anda xeli Seuwyo<br />
mas, raTa daeWira sakaTalikoso taxti. cxadia, yovelive es ar amcirebs ucxo<br />
patriarqis mier <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis sawinaaRmdegod mimarTul qmedebas,<br />
romelic kargad aqvs gamokvleuli ivane javaxiSvils. igi wers: `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
swvevia antioqiisa da ierusalimis patriarqi mixeili, Cveni qveyana Cveuli iyo<br />
am ucxoqveynel mRvdelmTavarTa stumrobasa da kalmasobas, Tavis<br />
mogzaurobis gasamarTleblad da fulebis datyuebis gasaadvileblad, Tanac<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> Tavisi mudmiv Semosavlis wyarod qcevisaTvis ierusalimelantioqieli<br />
patriarqebi cdilobdnen mTeli TavianTi yofaqcevisaTvis<br />
kanonieri safuZveli moeZebnaT. gankerZoebis momxre mefe-mTavrebi<br />
saqarTveloSi sargeblobdnen am mRvdel-mTavrebis mogzaurobiT TavianTi<br />
miznebis gansaxorcieleblad~ 517 .
CamosvlisTanave mixeili Tavis saqmes Sesdgomia: `iqna gamoZieba da<br />
mokiTxva gujarTa, davTarTa da iadgarTa, viTar igi pirvelad qarTlisa da<br />
afxazeTisa kaTalikozni antioqiisa patriarqisagan ikurTxebodian~, _ wers<br />
antioqieli patriarqi 518 . maSasadame, am ucxoel patriarqs dauwyia qarTul<br />
saeklesio sabuTebSi masalis moZieba imis dasamtkiceblad, rom uZveles<br />
dros, qarTveli kaTalikosebi antioqiis patriarqisagan ikurTxebodnen. ratom<br />
ar moZebna man amis Sesaxeb berZnuli sabuTebi TviT antioqiasa da sxvagan?<br />
Cans, Zebna kidec, magram veraferisaTvis miugnia, marTlac, cnobilia, rom<br />
pirdapiri ucxouri wyaroebi qarTuli eklesiis ucxour eklesiaze<br />
damokidebulebis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs 521 , amitomac antioqieli patriarqi<br />
iZulebuli gamxdara TviT qarTul sabuTebSi moeZebna raime masala. rogorc<br />
cnobilia, qarTul wyaroebSi moipoveba nawyvetebi efrem mcires naSromidan<br />
qarTuli eklesiis odesRac antioqia-ierusalimze damokidebulebis Sesaxeb.<br />
efrem mcirem Tavis naSromSi `uwyeba mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa~<br />
gamoiyena berZnuli wyaroebi, magram, rogorc gamokvleuli gvaqvs, efrems<br />
ucxouri cnobebi, romelnic exeboda `qvemo iberiis~ eklesias, miuCnevia<br />
zogadad qarTul, anu `iberiis~ eklesiis Sesaxeb daweril cnobad. saqme isaa,<br />
rom ucxoelebi `qvemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen dasavleT<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> (afxazeTis) eklesias, xolo zemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos<br />
aRmosavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> (qarTlis) sakaTalikosos. efremis am naSromidan<br />
nawyvetebi Sesuli iyo sxvadasxva saeklesio sabuTSi, swored maTTvis miugnia<br />
patriarq mixeils da ucdia gamoeyenebina Tavis sasargeblod. `cxadia, Tu<br />
risTvis dasWirdeboda es cnoba mixeil patriarqs. mas undoda am Zveli<br />
damokidebulebiT esargebla, igi antioqiis mRvdelmTavarTa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiaze batonobis ganaxleba-aRdgenaze ocnebobda ukve, rodesac mas cnoba<br />
xelT eqneboda, maSin gulubryvilo xalxs ufro advilad daarwmunebda, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis Sinaur saqmeebSi Carevis ufleba hqonda da rogorc<br />
`JamTa siZvelisagan da soflisa siveragisagan iyvnes mravalni wesni SeSliT<br />
da gardaqceviT 522 . viTomc amgvaradve qarTuli eklesiis TviTmwyemsoba da<br />
damoukidebloba ukanono da `SeSlil~ wesad undoda gamoecxadebina~ 521 .<br />
`vakurTxeT kaTalikozi iovakim, marjvena ierusalimisa afxazeTis<br />
kaTalikozi da kurTxeulmca ars, davayeneT da davsviT yovelTa qristianeTa<br />
lixT-amerisa, odiSisa, guriisa da afxazeTisa... vakurTxeT~ 2 , wers mixeil<br />
patriarqi.<br />
araa SemTxveviTi, rom igi mravlobiT ricxvSi laparakobs, maSasadame,<br />
iovakime afxazeTis, anu dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikosad akurTxa ara<br />
marto man, aramed sxvebmac. vis hqonda ufleba kaTalikosis kurTxevisa?<br />
avtokefalur eklesiaSi, rogorc aucilebeli wesi, kaTalikoss (e.i. meTaurs)<br />
akurTxebs episkoposTa kreba mocemuli eklesiisa, swored amiT gamoixateba am<br />
eklesiis avtokefalia. rogorc Cans, dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> episkoposebi<br />
Sekrebilan da gamourCeviaT meTauri, patriarq mixeils ki kurTxevaSi<br />
monawileoba miuRia.<br />
rogorc Cans, ufro adre dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> (afxazeTis) kaTalikosis<br />
kurTxevaSi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda qarTlis kaTalikosi, romelsac<br />
agreTve hqonda tituli `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> patriarqisa~. axla ki igi axali<br />
kaTalikosis kurTxevaze ar miuwveviaT, anda ver Casula. maSasadame, mixeilis<br />
dros afxazeTis sakaTalikosom TavisTavadoba ki ar dakarga antioqiis
sasargeblod, aramed man ufro aimaRla Tavisi damoukidebloba qarTlis<br />
kaTalikosis mimarT. afxazeTis erTi kaTalikosis sabuTi, romelsac qvemoT<br />
moviyvanT, uCvenebs, rom im dros qarTul eklesiaSic dawyebula igive<br />
procesi, romelic ukve dawyebuli iyo qveyanaSi _ danawevreba damoukidebel<br />
administraciul erTeulebad. aRsaniSnavia, rom garkveul dromde imereTisa<br />
da kaxeTis mefeebi iCendnen ara separatizms, am sityvis klasikuri gagebiT,<br />
aramed, piriqiT, surdaT centraluri xelisufleba maT xelSi gadasuliyo,<br />
TavianT Tavs `imereTis~ an `kaxeTis~ mefeebs ki ar uwodebdnen, aramed<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kanonier mefeebad warmoaCendnen Sesabamisi sruli<br />
titulaturiT: `mefe afxazTa, qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa~ da a.S. kuTxurregionalur<br />
politikur erTeulTa meTaurebi TavianT Tavs miiCnevdnen<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefeebis kanonier memkvidreebad, maSasadame, maTSi<br />
arsebobda survili <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> erTianobisa, oRond TavianTi meTaurobiT.<br />
msgavsi procesi yofila dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> (afxazeTis) sakaTalikosoSic.<br />
afxazeTis kaTalikoss ara gamoyofa surda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiidan, aramed<br />
miiswrafoda, rom mas mikuTvneboda `sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikospatriarqis~<br />
tituli, es Cans 1712 wels Sedgenil Sewirulobis wignSi<br />
`kaTalikos grigol lorTqifaniZisa biWvinTisadmi~, am sabuTSi afxazeTis<br />
kaTalikosi Tavis Tavs `sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikoss~ uwodebs, kerZod,<br />
sabuTs boloSi azis beWedi aseTi warweriT: `grigol mwyemsi qristes mier<br />
yovlisa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a kaTalikozi~ 522 .<br />
aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom afxazeTis (dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>) eklesia ara<br />
Tu gamoeyo qarTul eklesias, piriqiT, swored mas miaCnda WeSmarit qarTul<br />
eklesiad Tavisi Tavi, xolo misi saWeTmpyrobeli `yoveli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTalikozad~.<br />
marTalia, administraciuli TvalsazrisiT qarTlisa da afxazeTis<br />
sakaTalikosoebi TavisTavadni iyvnen, magram ar unda daviviwyoT analogiuri<br />
SemTxvevebi msoflio eklesiaSi. magaliTad, berZnul eklesiaSi arsebobs<br />
erTmaneTis mimarT sruliad avtokefaluri berZnuli sapatriarqoebi<br />
(konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, ierusalimis), saarqiepiskoposoebi (eladis,<br />
kviprosis), da maT garda arsebobs agreTve avtonomiuri berZnuli saeklesio<br />
erTeulebi (Tesalonikis, aTonis) da sxv. analogiuri mdgomareobaa somxur<br />
eklesiaSic. sulieri TvalsazrisiT erTian da mTlian somxur eklesiaSi<br />
arsebobdnen erTmaneTis mimarT avtokefaluri sapatriarqoebi da<br />
sakaTalikosoebi (magaliTad, aRvanqis, anu albaneTis sakaTalikoso, daarsda<br />
VI-VIII saukuneebSi, iarseba 1813 wlamde), ierusalimis sapatriarqo (somxuri),<br />
daarsda VI saukuneSi, gamoeyo centralur somxur sakaTalikosos 1311 wels,<br />
arsebobs amJamadac, aRTamaris sakaTalikoso (1113-1895), kilikiis sakaTalikoso<br />
(arsebobs 1446 wlidan dRemde), konstantinopolis sapatriarqo (somxuri,<br />
arsebobs 1461 wlidan), Tu ra Tqma unda, aRaras vityviT eCmiaZinis<br />
sapatriarqoze.<br />
zemoT moyvanilidan gamomdinare, yovelgvar safuZvelsaa moklebuli<br />
gancxadeba imisa, TiTqosda antioqiis patriarqis mixeilis qmedebaTa Sedegad<br />
`afxazeTis qarTuli eklesiis TviTmwysobis ufleba Seilaxa, damoukidebloba<br />
moispo da ierusalim-antioqiis patriarqis xelqveiTi Seiqmna~ 1 . es araswori<br />
mosazrebaa. antioqieli patriarqis mixeilis Camosvlis Semdeg, rogorc iTqva,<br />
dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sakaTalikoso ar damorCilebia ierusalim-antioqiis
<strong>sapatriarqos</strong>, misi TavisTavadoba da TviTmwysobis ufleba ar SezRudula.<br />
XV-XVIII saukuneebis uamravi dokumenti da masala, romelic afxazeTis<br />
sakaTalikosodanaa gamosuli, anda mas exeba, niSanwyalsac ki ar Seicavs<br />
imisa, rom es sakaTalikoso ierusalim-antioqiis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>admia<br />
daqvemdebarebuli. erTaderTi wyaro, romelic TiTqosda aseTi mosazrebis<br />
gamoTqmis nebas iZleva, aris Cveni gansaxilveli `mcnebai sasjulo~, romelic,<br />
rogorc Cans, Zvel saqarTveloSi ganixileboda ara viTarca iuridiuli,<br />
aramed istoriuli xasiaTis dokumenti. ase, magaliTad, Tuki e.w.<br />
`kaTalikozTa samarTals~ samoqmedo iuridiuli xasiaTis dokumentad<br />
miiCnevdnen Semdgomi drois kaTalikosebi da mas `ganaaxlebdnen~ kidec, e.i.<br />
mis Zalmosilebas TavianTi xelis moweriT da kvlav xelaxla amtkicebdnen,<br />
`mcnebai sasjulos~ xels arc erTi imdroindeli episkoposi da arc erTi<br />
Semdegi drois kaTalikosi xels ar awers. am dokuments erTi xelismowerabeWedi<br />
azis, albaT, kaTalikosad axalnakurTxi iovakimesi.<br />
zemoT moyvanilidan gamomdinare, arc aseTi gancxadebaa swori: `am<br />
saqcieliT patriarqma mixeilma, bagrat mefem da dadian-gurielma Samadavlam<br />
qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa da mTeli xalxis mier saukuneTa brZoliT<br />
monapovari, qarTuli eklesiis Tavisufleba mospes da gaanadgures~ 524 .<br />
qarTuli eklesiis Tavisufleba marTlac qarTveli eris saukeTeso<br />
SvilTa saukunovani brZoliTYmiRweuli monapovaria, magram misi SebRalva,<br />
sabednierod, ver SeZlo antioqielma patriarqma mixeilma, Tumca ki, rogorc<br />
Cans, mas didi survili da mizanswrafvac hqonia, rac gamomJRavnebulia imave<br />
dokumentSi _ `mcnebai sasjuloSi~. kerZod, mixeils SeuTxzavs Teoria<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis mTlianobis dasarRvevad. sxvaTa Soris, am Teorias<br />
amJamadac siamovnebiT imeorebs qarTuli eklesiis istoriis gadmocemisas ara<br />
erTi piri, Tumca ki, cxadia, yovelgvari winaswarganzraxvis gareSe. es Teoria<br />
SemdgomSi mdgomareobs – TiTqosda wmida andria mociquli ganmanaTlebelia<br />
ara sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>i, aramed mxolod misi dasavleTi nawilisa,<br />
amgvaradve wmida nino ganmanaTlebelia ara sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>i, aramed<br />
mxolod misi aRmosavleTi nawilisa (qarTlisa). es Teoria, rogorc aRiniSna,<br />
XV saukuneSi SeTxza patriarqma mixeilma, Zvel saqarTveloSi ki amis Sesaxeb<br />
sxvagvari mosazreba hqondaT. ivane javaxiSvili wers: `...giorgi mTawmindeli<br />
da gansakuTrebiT efrem mcire, ruis-urbnisis 1103 wlis saeklesio krebis<br />
yvela sulisCamdgmeli da nikoloz kaTalikosi amtkicebdnen, rom andria<br />
mociqulma iqadaga `yovelsa queyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, xolo SemdegSi<br />
daviwyebuli qristianoba kvlav aRadgina wmida ninom, romlis<br />
saswaulmoqmedebam da qadagebam `miizida yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa<br />
naTesavisa~ 525 . nikoloz kaTalikosic wmida ninos saerTo mociqulad da<br />
ganmanaTleblad miiCnevda `Cuen qarTvelTaisa~ 526 . erTi sityviT, andria<br />
mociqulica da wmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis damaarseblad da<br />
mTeli qarTveli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
sxvadasxva nawilisaTvis calke mqadageblebis arsebobis azri da gamoZebnis<br />
survili ara hqoniaT, radgan isini mTliani da ganuyofeli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
ganmtkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis iRvwodnen. antioqiel-ierusalimeli<br />
patriarqi mixeili swored am qarTvel saxelovan mecnierTa mier Seqmnilsa da<br />
mTeli qarTveli erisagan Sesisxlxorcebul Semecnebas spobda~ 527 .
qarTvelTa fsiqikuri erTobis am erT-erTi gamoxatulebisaTvis safuZvlis<br />
gamoclas Turme patriarq mixeilTan erTad qarTveli didebulebic uwyobdnen<br />
xels, rogorc aRniSnavs iv. javaxiSvili, es mas gasaocar saqmed miaCnia. masve<br />
gamorkveuli aqvs T. Jordaniasa da s. kakabaZis Sromebze dayrdnobiT, rom<br />
`mcnebai sasjuloi~ dawerili unda iyos 1470-1474 wlebSi. amis safuZvels<br />
iZleva is, rom ZeglSi moxseniebuli Samadavla `bediani~ gaxda 1470 wels da<br />
1474 wels ki gardaicvala. im droisaTvis dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebobda<br />
samTavro `sabedianos~ saxelwodebiT, mis mTavars `bediani~ erqva. `mcnebai<br />
sasjuloidan~ Cans, rom bediani didi erisTavT-erisTavi Samadavla `dadiangurieli~<br />
yofila, maSasadame, mas samegrelos garda, guriac sWeria. SeiZleba<br />
vifiqroT, rom am samTavros dedaqalaqi bediaSi iyo. Cans, episkoposTa Soris<br />
dedaqalaqis, e.i. bediis episkoposi yvelaze metad gandidebula da mas<br />
pretenzia ganucxadebia dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> (afxazeTis) sakaTalikoso<br />
taxtze. am saqmeSi mas, rogorc aRvniSneT, antioqieli mixeili daxmarebia,<br />
caiSel-bedieli iovakime kaTalikosi gamxdara. Cans, kaTalikosobis drosac<br />
misi ZiriTadi samyofeli ara biWvinTaSi, aramed samTavros karze, e. i. bediaSi<br />
iyo. TviTon `mcnebai sasjuloi~ miuTiTebs, rom namdvili afxazeTi, sadac<br />
biWvinTa mdebareobs, im droisaTvis sarwmunoebriv kriziss ganicdida.<br />
patriarqi mixeili amitomac miuTiTebda: `afxazebi qristianobisagan sruliad<br />
midrekil iyvnes, qristes mcnebaTagan ganSorebul iyvnes~ 528 . aRniSnulTa gamo<br />
unda vifiqroT, rom mixeili miiRes ara biWvinTaSi, aramed mterTagan ufro<br />
dacul qalaqSi, Cans, bediaSi. albaT, aqve aiyvanes sakaTalikoso taxtze<br />
iovakime, krebac aqve unda Catarebuliyo. cxadia, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso<br />
mxolod sabedianos ar moicavda, aramed srul dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>,<br />
`mcnebai sasjuloiSi~ gadmocemulia misi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi: `lixTa<br />
amerisa, Woxors aqaT, ovseTsa aqaT, zRvai pontoisa aqaT, sada didi<br />
biWuintisa sazRvari miawevs~ 529 . maSasadame, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso<br />
farglavda teritorias Savi zRvidan lixis mTamde, Woroxidan kavkasiis<br />
qedamde. es iyo sruliad dasavleTi saqarTvelo. `lixTa-ameri, odiSi, guria,<br />
afxazeTi~ _ rogorc es Zeglidan Cans.<br />
am droisaTvis, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> daSla-danawevrebas,<br />
politikur urCobas, Tan daerTo xalxis zneobrivi dacema. aseT dros<br />
rogorc sasuliero, ise saxelmwifo moRvaweebs esaWiroebodaT msoflio<br />
qristianobis burjTagan Semweoba da daxmareba. amitomac, cxadia, siamovnebiTa<br />
da sixaruliT miiRes antioqiel-ierusalimeli patriarqi, romelmac `mcnebai<br />
sasjuloi~ misca maT. ierusalim-antioqiis avtoriteti xalxs zneobriv<br />
daxmarebas uwevda. `kanonikuri epistoles xasiaTi aqvs im `sasjulTa mcnebas~,<br />
romelic XV saukuneSi miucia afxazeTis sakaTalikososTvis antioqiaierusalimis<br />
patriarqs mixeils... mcnebaSi gaTvalisiwinebulia Semdegi<br />
muxlebi: 1. `uxvedri an ukanono qorwineba~... 2. `mruSoba~... 3. `marxvis Sereva~...<br />
4. `uqmeTa darRveva an axlis SemoReba~... 5. `mRvdelmsaxurTa zneobrivi<br />
Tvisebani da movaleobani~... 6. `adamianis mkvleloba~... 7. `samonastro da<br />
saeklesio mamulebis mitaceba~... 8. `saeklesio kanonebisa da<br />
samRvdeloebisadmi morCileba~ 530 .<br />
TviTon antioqieli patriarqi `mcnebai sasjuloiSi~ aRniSnul kanonikur<br />
muxlebis CamoTvlas iwyebs mimarTviT mrevlisadmi: `ese qarta-werili<br />
TqvenTvis aRvwere~. im droindeli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sazogadoeba daavadebuli iyo
urCobis seniT. urCoba iyo ZiriTadi mizezi qveyanaSi arsebuli politikurzneobrivi<br />
qaosisa. amitomac `qarta-werilis~ muxlebSi, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
ZiriTadi yuradReba eTmoba morCilebas. magaliTad, i. doliZis dayofiT, merve<br />
muxli aseTia: `aw Svilno Zmano da mamano gauwyebT da gamcnebT: vinca da<br />
ramanca kacman qristianeman anu didman da anu mcireman patronsa uRalatos,<br />
anu usamarTlod uorgulos, qriste RmerTi da sjuli uaruyvies. egreTve<br />
usamarTloi orguli meoreman nu Seiwynaros~ 531 . sxva mravali muxli eZRvneba<br />
patronis, qveynis, mRvdelmTavrisadmi morCilebas. am mxriv uTuod Tavis<br />
droisaTvis didad sasargeblo kanonikuri xasiaTis Semcvelia gansaxilveli<br />
Zegli, romelic, Cans, drodadro ivseboda an icvleboda kidec. magaliTad,<br />
masSi uqme dRis darRvevadaa miCneuli paraskevs `miwis areva~, `es ukanaskneli<br />
SeniSvna unda iyos Semdegi drois interpretacia, osmalTa zegavleniT<br />
Cadenili~ 532 . aqve `marxvis Serevadaa~ miCeuli `alajoris~ marxvis darRveva,<br />
`alajori~ somxuri eklesiis praqtikaSi miRebuli marxva iyo, amitom misi<br />
moxvedra `mcnebai sasjuloiSi~ gaocebas iwvevs da aRZravs fiqrs, natyuar<br />
anda saxecvlil ZeglTan xom ar gvaqvs saqme? yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zegli erT<br />
raimes ueWvelad gviCvenebs, XV saukunis 70-ian wlebSi qarTul saeklesio<br />
centralizebul erTobas bzari Seepara. antioqiel patriarqs ki amisaTvis<br />
xeli Seuwyia, dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias administraciuli<br />
damoukidebloba moupovebia qarTlis (mcxeTis) <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>agan. magram<br />
sabolood antioqiel patriarqs miznisaTvis ver miuRwevia. marTalia,<br />
SesaZloa, amis Semdeg dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikosis kurTxevaSi<br />
mcxeTeli patriarqis neba Sesustda, magram saeklesio-zneobrivi<br />
urTierTdamokidebuleba or qarTul sakaTalikosos Soris ar darRveula.<br />
amas miuTiTebs e.w. `kaTalikosTa samarTali~, romlis SemuSavebaSic<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> orive kaTalikosi monawileobda.<br />
caiS-bediis Sekreba<br />
`mcnebaБ sasjuloБ~<br />
[1470-1474 ww.]<br />
mcnebaБ ese sasjuloБ, urwmunoTa momaqceveli da morwmuneTa<br />
ganmamtkicebeli da ganmamxnobeli, yovelTa qristianeTaTvis movlenili<br />
zecisa qalaqisa ierusalimisagan da caTa mobaZvisa antioqiisa<br />
[c]is mbadisagan arsTa yovelTa RmrTisa mamisa, Zisa da sulisa wmidisaTa,<br />
romeli Cuenisa xsnisaTvis caTa kamaraTagan ganzraxВTa mamisaTa xsnisa<br />
CuenisaTВs gardamoxda. da saSoБ qalwulisa daimkВdra da iSva uqcevelad da<br />
ixsnna qmnilni xatad pirisa misisani qalwulisagan uqorwinebulisa iSva da<br />
daiTminna mizezni da yuedrebaБ, kicxevaБ, basrobaБ, jvarcmaБ da daflvaБ.<br />
guerca laxuriTa mowylulman aRmogВcena ukvdavebaБ, romelsa Suenis<br />
didebaБ da pativi dausabamoБT Tana mamiT, ZiT da suliT wmidiTurT.
[da] viTar ineba da igulsmodgina man, arsebiT miuwdomelman, da<br />
RmrTaebiT mmarTebelman sjulisa qristeanobisagan, da uxrwnelad da ubiwod<br />
mSobelman misman, da madlman zecisa qalaqisa ierusalimisaman da caTa<br />
mobaZvisa antioqiisaman, da movivline RmrTisa mier me, yovelTa narCevi,<br />
ierusalimisa da antioqiisa patriarqi mixael, moviwie didsa mas qristes<br />
samwysosa, mazebelsa ierusalimisasa, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a.<br />
viTa saTanado ars mefeTa, dadianTa, aTabagTa, erisTavTa, amilaxorTa,<br />
didebulTa, aznaurTa da yovelTa qristes sjulisa mosavTa morwmuneTagan<br />
mokiTxuaБ, ganages mokiTxua sjulisa, saydarTa, monasterTa, omforisa da<br />
kaTalikoz-ebiskoposTa.<br />
da moikiTxes, ZueliT vidre axladmde, RmrTivgВrgВnosanman bagrat da<br />
didman erisTavTerisTavman dadian-gurielman Samadavla, misTa TavadTa<br />
TanadgomiTa da didad RmrTisagan saTnod gamorCeulisa, pativ sarveiTanisa(?)<br />
RmerT-Semosilisa [caiSel] - bedielisa iovakimisa.<br />
iqmna gamoZiebaБ da mokiTxvaБ guarTa, davTarTa, da iadgarTa, da viTar-igi<br />
pirvelad qarTlisa da afxazeTisa kaTalikozni antioqiisa patriarxTagan<br />
ikur[T]xeodian, da JamTa siZuelisagan da s[o]flisa siverageTagan iyunes<br />
mravalni wesni SeSliT da gardaqceviT, vnaxeT da SevemTxВen madlsa, viTarca<br />
meufisa, caiSel-bediel mTavarebiskopozisa iovakimisTa.<br />
nebiTa da SewevniTa RmrTisaTa, da didisa da caTa mobaZavisa<br />
ierusalimisa madliTa, da caTamdis maRlisa kaTolike saydrisa antioqiisa<br />
RmrTismSobelisa meoxebiTa, vakurTxeT kaTalikozi iovakim, marjuenaБ<br />
ierusalimisa, afxazeTisa kaTalikozi da kurTxeulmca aris, davayene[T] da<br />
davsviT afxazeTs, saydarTa maT andria mociqulisaTa, yovelTa qristianeTa<br />
lixT-amersa, odiSisa, guri[i]sa da afxazeTisa. yovelTa urCTa da RmrTisa<br />
ara nebismyofelad myofTaTВs momaqc[e]velad vakurTxeT.<br />
da urCqmnil iyunes yovelni, da viTa saTnoebani ugulebels-eyunes<br />
ebiskopozTa da moZRuarTa, mRdelTa da diakonTa, berTa da erTa, didad<br />
eSroma mas, marj[ue]nasa ierusalimisasa, kacsa RmrTisasa iovakims. da<br />
afxazeTi qristeanobisagan sruliad midrekil iyunes, qristes mcnebaTagan<br />
ganSorebul iyunes.<br />
aw gamovnaxeniT Zuelini Sromani wmidaTa nikelTa mamaTagani da, viTarca<br />
[saT]noБ ars sjuli RmrTisa, egreT morCil eqmeniT saTnod RmrTisagan<br />
gamorCeulsa, viTarca mociqulsa pavles da andrias damorCildiT, ismneT,<br />
moiqeciT da SeinaneT.<br />
da saTno eyveniT RmerTsa mefeni simarTliTa mefobisaTa, siwmidiT,<br />
mowyalebiTa, mSvidobiTa siyuarulisaTa. Tavadni simarTlesa bWobdiT,<br />
siwmidiT daicveniT Tavni Tquenni, obolnБ da qurivni SeiwyaleniT, viTarca<br />
ityВs winaswarmetyueli daviT: `oboli da qurivi Seiwyale da gzaБ codvisa<br />
ara iyos Sen Tana~. da viTarca gamcnos [m]qadagebelTaman wmidaTa<br />
mociqulTaman, egreT ganmxndiT.<br />
da ebiskopozi lixTa amerisa, Woroxsa aqaT, ovseTsa aqaT, zRuaБ pontosa<br />
aqaT, sada didisa biWuintisa samzRvari miawevs, ebiskopozni ama ierusalimisa<br />
marjuenisagan kaTalikozisagan ikurTxeodin, [da miiRebdiT] kurTxevasa; da<br />
qadagebasa missa [ismen]diT; jer-iyveniT da nu urC-eqmnebiT, raTa ikurTxneT<br />
marjuenisagan RmrTisa.
aw mamano, Zmano da Svilno! qristes saflavisa marjuena, lixT-amerisa da<br />
afxazeTisa kaTalikozi iovakim qristeanobis sjulisa mamagrebelad da<br />
damamtkicebelad vakurTxeT, sjulisa da merjuleTa ufros da uxucesad<br />
vakurTxeT me, didisa da caTa mobaZvisa antioqiisa da ierusalimisa<br />
patriarqman mixail.<br />
da ese qarta-werili TquenTВs aRvwere.<br />
1. qristes moyuareno, mamano da Zmano, visca qriste RmerTi giyuars da<br />
sjulsa qristeanobissa morCilebT, kaTalikozisagan kurTxevas miiRebdeT. da<br />
vinca guliTa morCiliTa miiRoT kurTxevaБ kaTalikozisagan da morCil<br />
eqmneT, didisa mis dausabamosaБ mamisa, Zisa da sulisa da didisa mis<br />
<strong>sapatriarqos</strong>a, caTa mobaZavi ierusalimisa da antioqiisa madliTa kurTxeul<br />
iyveniT ama sofelsa xorciTa da saukunosa _ suliTa; da maT sjulisa<br />
damamtkicebelTa SВdTa krebaTa madliTa, da oTxTa mqadagebelTa<br />
maxarebelTa madliTa, suliTa da xorciTa TaviTa da SvilTa SviliTi<br />
Svilamde, vidre ukunisamde amin iyavn.<br />
2. vinca sjulisa msajulisa qristessa da qadagebulsa mona[Ta mi]sTasa<br />
urC eqmnaT, kurTxevisa wil movidis Tquenda wyeva igi sodomisa da gomorisa;<br />
iyavn danTqma daTan da abironisi; segrs (sic) numc Seeswrebi dawvasa; zari<br />
daeces Tquen zeda guelboБs (sic) maTaebr; iyveniT wyeul, SeCuenebul caTa<br />
Sina, queyanasa zeda; krul Tquen da sacxovari Tqueni, saxli, yana, venaxi;<br />
sayofelTa TquenTa numca ipoebis mkВdri; caБ risxviT, queyana mwuxarebiT<br />
TquenTВs, romelTa ara irwmunoT sityuaБ qartad dawerili ese; daiwyeos<br />
nayofi Tqueni, viTarca unayofoБ igi leRВ; SeiCueneniT viTarca simon mogВ,<br />
viTarca arioz, romelman ganxia kuarTi uflisa ivisi; da wyeul viTarca<br />
makedonis sulisa wmidisa mgmobari, da evTibios da apolonios.<br />
3. da vinca saydarTa, monasterTa da eklesiaTa mamcrobelni da meuhveni<br />
iyvneT da kaTalikozisa brZanebasa urC eqmnaT, viTarca-igi pirvelni<br />
xelmwifebani zeciT gardamoiTxines da RmrTisa risxВTa quesknels<br />
STaiyarnes, nawili maTi iyos maT Tana; iqmnebismca nawilad maTda bneli<br />
gareskneli, matli uZili, cecxli uSreti, RrWenaБ kbilTa, tirili,<br />
unugeSinicemoБ; sada ars bneli gareskneli aris-mca samkВdrebelad maTda<br />
gamouxsnelad suliTa da xorciTa ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.<br />
4. anu mefeTa, anu mTavarTa, anu aznaurTa, anu aznauris SvilTa, anu<br />
msaxurTa, anu glexTa, anu mTavardiakonTa, anu diak[o]nTa, anu saxarebaБ<br />
diakonTa, anu kerZoБ diakonTa, anu moxeleTa, anu xelis mqonebelTa, anu<br />
didTa, anu mcireTa yovelive urCqmnili wyeul, SeCuenebulmca aris suliTa<br />
da xorciTa.<br />
5. morCilni sjulisani da Tanamdgomni sarwmunoebisani kurTxeul iyavn<br />
ukunisamde.<br />
6. Zmano da mamano amisTВs gamcneb da gauwyeb, raTa romeli juars-ecua,<br />
daeufla, aR[s]dga, igi mxoloБ ufali ieso qriste SeiyuaroT yovliTa<br />
guliTa TqueniTa, romelman sisxliTa TВsiTa moiy[i]da adam, naTesaviTurT<br />
misiT; da ganhbrwyindeT viTarca mze, naTliTa qristesiTa; saukunod sufevde<br />
winaSe RmrTisa; ese sofeli warmaval ars da saukunoБ waruval.<br />
aw yovelTa SeiyuareT qristes sjuli da qristeman Tquen Segiyuarnes<br />
yovelni. moiqeciT brZanebasa da qadagebulsa qristes marjuenis, lixTa<br />
amerisa RmrTisa meorisa mociqulis pavles Tanamosagris iovakimisi.
7. da vinaiTgan igulsmodgina RmerTman, da jer-iCina Cuenisa xsnisaTВs da<br />
sjulisa qristeanobisa damkВdrebisTВs da damtkicebisaTВs, RmrTisa<br />
brZanebiTa Cuen, didisa caTa mobaZavisa saydrisa antioqiisa da ierusalimisa<br />
patriarqman mixail, nebiTa RmrTisaTa, viTarca ufalman Cuenman ieso<br />
qristeman andrias mociqulsa TВTa saufloБTa xeliTa Semosa TВsi sameufoБ<br />
bisoni, da akurTxa, aw Semdgomad missa vakurTxeT kaTalikozi iovakim da<br />
sjulisa da merjuleTa Tavad da uxucesad dagВmtkicebies.<br />
da aRiwera qarta ese Cem mier.<br />
aw Svilno, Zmano da mamano! gauwyebT da gamcnebT:<br />
8. vinca da ramanca kacman qristianeman, anu didman da anu mcireman,<br />
patronsa uRalatos, anu usamarTlod uorgulos, qriste RmerTi da sjuli<br />
uaruyofies; egreTve usamarTloБ orguli meoreman nu Seiwynaros.<br />
9. vinca da romelman sjulisa da kaTalikozisa urCad uxuedri coli<br />
SeirTos, anu svinaБ, anu meyvisi, anu rZali, anu biZis coli, anu xucis colsa<br />
codos, anu diakonisa colsa Tana codos, anu mTavar-diakvanisa colsa Tana<br />
codos, anu swavlulisa kacisa colsa Tana codos da Seginebulsa sawolsa<br />
zeda daawВnos, amaT yovelTa usjuloebaTa moqmedi krul, wyeul da<br />
SeCuenebulmca ars suliTa da xorciTa, amin.<br />
10. da Tu ar RmrTisa uarismyofelni xarT, mekobresa xucessa moarCobdiT.<br />
11. vinca anu dedis-nacualsa, anu dedobilsa Tana codos, wyeul, krul da<br />
SeCuenebulmca aw da ukunisamde.<br />
12. vinca Zma moklas, qriste RmerTi uaruyofies da nawili maTi aRixocnen<br />
ukunisamde.<br />
13. anu Tvisi da anu sxuaБ moklas, krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca ars.<br />
14. da romelmanca ikadros mociqulTa marxvaTa oTxSabaT-paraskevTa,<br />
romelica xsnili ar iyos da Serios, anu micvalebisa marxva, martvilTa kide<br />
vin Wkuianman Serios wueliTa anu xorciTa xsnilTagan kide, krulmca ars<br />
caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda.<br />
15. da romelmanca weliwadTa Sina romelnic uqmni ganuwesebies wmidaTa<br />
krebaTa da ara isminos da TВsiTa nebiTa uqmobdes, wyeulimca ars wmdaTa<br />
krebaTagan.<br />
16. vinca Seundoblad dabeWdili kaTalikozisgan da qorebiskopozisagan<br />
eklesia gaxsnas, Seundoblad krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca ars maTi xucesi<br />
da eri maTi.<br />
17. romelmanca wmidaTa krebaTgan ganaCeni da ganawesi sjuli magrad ara<br />
daiWiros da Secodeba dauwyos, RmerTman wyeviT miagos saqmeTa maTaebr;<br />
wyeulimca ars sjulisa uarismyofelTa Tana.<br />
18. vinca sjulisa Semcode patronman ar misces ebiskopossa da<br />
qorebiskopozsa sasjulod ar mianebos da sasjulod mosakiTxavad sofeli<br />
ar daanebos, da Zali ar misces, ima soflisa codva man gardaiГados da<br />
Seundobelmca ars.<br />
19. vinca ama mcnebaTa ar dasjerdeT da kaTalikozsa da qristes sjulsa<br />
urC-eqmnaT, krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul iyaviT RmrTisa dausabamoБsa<br />
madliTa, mamisa, Zisa da sulisa wmidisa madliTa, ierusalimisa madliTa,<br />
antioqiis madliTa, amin, TaviTa, SviliTa, vidre SviliT Svilamde.<br />
20. dammamtkicebelni da sjulisa mamagrebelni, da ieso qristes erTgulni,<br />
ebiskoposTa, moZRvarTa, mRdelTa da monazonTa pativiscemelni da rjulisa
mamagrebelni, obolTa da qurivTa, glaxakTa da davrdomilTa mowyaleni da<br />
Semweni da Semwynarebelni kurTxeulmca arian caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda,<br />
suliTa da xorcTa TaviTa da SviliTa, vidre ukunisamde, RmrTisa<br />
dausabamoБsa piriTa, amin.<br />
21. da amasca gamcneb da gauwyebT Svilno da Zmano Cemno: vinaTgan RmrTismoyuareni,<br />
da erTgulni, RmrTisa marTlmadidebel[n]i, da ZrwoliT da SiSiT<br />
Tayuanismcemelni WeSmaritad da marTlmadideblobiT aRiarebT da<br />
TayuanisscemT saxelsa mis mosamarTlisa gare Semouwerelsa [da] tkbilsa da<br />
mraval-mowyalesa RmerTsa dausabamoБsa, mamasa, Zesa da wmidasa [sulsa], nu<br />
Tana-mzraxvel eqmnebiT ama ukanasknelisa sicrueTa da siverageTa, aramed<br />
morCil eqmneniT brZanebasa RmrTisasa.<br />
22. viTarca andria mociqulman urwmunoni sarwmunoebad moaqcina da<br />
sjulsa da sarwmunoebasa zeda daamtkica, mas Jamsa odes qristeman RmerTman<br />
Cuenman xsnisa Cuenisa da moqcevisaTВs moavlina TВsiTa sameufoTa<br />
Sesamosli[Ta], porfir-bison-oqrovaniTa, samosliTa el[variT]a da<br />
SuqmiuaCrdilebeliTa Semosa da, saxed da [sa]muqfod mociqul, naTlisa<br />
maxarobelad kaTalikozad daayena, rameTu misisa brZanebisa qadagebiTa<br />
moiqces Temni, qalaqni da queyanani ese CrdiloeTisani, vidre nino qarT[lisa]<br />
dedaman moaqcina qarTli, misTa samzRvarTa aqaT wmidaman an[dria mociqulman]<br />
naTliTa miuCrdilebeliTa gananaTln[a da ganas]unnela yovelni morCilni<br />
sjulisani.<br />
aw, msgavsad missa, vakurTxeT da davamtkiceT sjulisa Tavad kaTalikozi<br />
iovakim, [viTarca] qriste RmerTi Tavi ars eklesiaTa.<br />
23. aw, Svilno, Zmano da mamano Cem[no] mo]rCil eqmeniT mwyemsisa mis<br />
saxieris nacvlad [RmrTisa mier] movlenilsa, raTa marad pirmetyuel[ad<br />
samwysod gam[o]sCndeT, da SeikribneT baksa zecisa [arvi]zsasa, da ara iqmneT<br />
[Se]saWmel mgelTa mZВn[vareTa], da ara SegemTxВos gan[sacde]li, viTarca-igi<br />
maSin, romelni u[rC eq]mnnes andria mociqulsa, [romelmanca mouv]lina<br />
RmrTisagan mrisx[ane] angelozi da Secvalna [yovelTav]e maT urCTa saxli<br />
s[ac]xovari, kaciTgan mipirutyuБamde, vidre moiqceodes.<br />
da Semdgomad sarwmu[noebad] moyuanebisa maT[Ta mo]avlina RmerTman<br />
angelozi [mSvidob]iTa da wyalobiTa, [da yoveli] naTesavi kacTa naTl[iTa<br />
gamouTqmeliTa a]Rivso, saxlni d[a sayofe]lni maTni, keTiliTa<br />
mo[uk]lebeliTa. sacxovarn[i simravliTa aR]ivsnes da saukune keTilad<br />
[w]ar[e]marTnes, naTliTa aRs[a]v[se]d.<br />
24. aw Tquenca gulsm[odgine]biTa, simSВdiT[a da krZaluleb]iTa gulsmodginebiT[a<br />
aRmsrulebe]l eqmeniT b[Zanebasa] RmrTisasa da RmrTisa<br />
mociqul[isa] meor[is]a, aw, axl[isa ierusalim]isa mamag[rebe] lsa da qristes<br />
safl[avisa, da sruliad] lixTa ameris[a da afx]azeTisa kaTalikozs iova]kims.<br />
25. da yovelTa Sendoba [da wirv]aБ mi[i]ReT, raTa aqaca [kurTxeul] iyvneT<br />
da saukunesca [kurT]xeul giwodos ufalman Cuenman ieso qristeman, dResa mas<br />
gankiTxvisa da zaris asaxdel[sa, raTa] gamosCnde Zed naTlisad da<br />
gangaZliern[es Tque]n sarwmunoebasa amas da [mtki]cesa zeda mazebel[isa],<br />
aRmasrulebelni da da[m]amtkicebelni, [raTa ara mi]gigos Tualuxavman man,<br />
dResa mas didsa zaris asaxdelsa, viTarmed warvediT[T Ce]mgan wyeulno<br />
bnelsa [ga]resknelsa da cecxl[sa] uSretsa wyudiadi[sasa]; aramed daiceviT<br />
ese mcneba.
26. [da romelman a]ra irwmunos da [ar]a gulsmodgined daicva[s] mcneba ese,<br />
iyos wyeul da SeCuenebul mamisagan, Zisagan da sulisa wmidisagan, viTarca<br />
zemoT weril ars, amin meameneTa, da iyavn wmidaTa angelozTa [mier]<br />
ukunusamde da ukuniTi ukunisamde.<br />
27. aw kualad ismineT ebiskopozTa [da qor]ebiskopozTa viTarca wmidTa<br />
krebaTa ganaCines, [egreT] uTnevarad dadegiT, nu vis aTnev, samwysoБ Seni<br />
swavliT da magrad daiWireT, raTa meored mosvlvasa TquenTgan ar iTxoos<br />
sityВs migeba.<br />
28. egr[eTve moZ]RuarTa: wesierebiT, qristes siyuaruliTa Tquen, [sam]wysod<br />
m[o]wafiT[u]rT, SeiyuareT sjuli qristesi da Tavi TВsi dadev cxovarTa<br />
TВsTaTВs, viTarca mwyemsman saxierman, raTa ara yovelTa codva xelTagan<br />
SenTa iZios, da ukanasknelTa maT Zrwola da aRmofSВnvasa da daisajo.<br />
29. mRdelTa: marTalTa nebis-myofelad nu cru-winaswarmetyuel, [aramed]<br />
daicevi Tavi Seni siZvisagan, tacebisagan, sixarbisagan, didis sicilisagan,<br />
mTuralobisagan da gardarevisagan, romeli ara jer-ars moweseTagan.<br />
30. miec ersa umecarsa marxvaБ, raБca wmidaTa krebaTa gaaCines marxvad,<br />
miec mtkiced da gautexelad uqmi uqmad, viTa sweria gaCeniT saeklesioTa<br />
davTarTa Sigan.<br />
31. da romelmanca ebiskopozman, gina qorebiskopozman, anu moZRuarman, gina<br />
xucesman ara guliTa marTliTa daicvas mcnebaБ ese da ersa ara uqadagos<br />
sarwmunoeba da kaT[a]likozisa brZanebasa zeda momWirned da ZalmicemiT ar<br />
idges, krul wyeul da SeCuebulmca ars aw da ukunisamde; krulmca ars<br />
RmrTisa dausabamoБsagan T[a]viTa, SviliTa da yovliTa misiTa, raodenica raБ<br />
ars sofliTgan saukunodmde ukunisamde.<br />
32. da ukeTu vinca mefeTa, TavadTa, aznaurTa da aznaurisSvilTa,<br />
moxeleTa, mouravTa, xelisufalTa, didTa da mcireTa, mdidarTa da glaxakTa,<br />
yovelTa, [romelTa] ese mcneba, RmrTisa mier wmidaTa krebaTagan ganaCeni,<br />
qrists RmrTisa mier marTlmadidebelTa sasurveli simtkice da sawadeli, da<br />
mwvalebelTaTВs sakdemeli sjuli ara aRiaros, ara irwmunos, da mtkiced ar<br />
gulsmodginos, da magrad ar ipyras, da sxuaTaca ar uqadagos, krul, wyeul<br />
da SeCuenebulmca ars risxВTa RmrTisa dausabamoБsa mamisa, Zisa da wmidisa<br />
sulisaБTa.<br />
33. romeli xucesi cudad zRaprobdes, anu cudad metyuelebdes, anu wessa<br />
aklebdes samwysoTa sofelTa da queyanaTa, da misisa samrevloБsa codva<br />
kaTaliko[z]sa da qorebiskopo[z]sa ar gamoucxados, anu natacebsa col-qmarTa<br />
gВrgВni ukurTxos, anu iparos, anu uxvedrTa col-qmrTa Sendoba misces, anu<br />
misTa samrevloTa marxВsa revaБ uqmisa revaБ Seundos da raБca mRdelobisa<br />
saqme SecodebiT daiWiros, _ wirvisagan aRixocos da wirva misi Seuwiravi<br />
iyos, sadamdis kaTalikozisa moxsenebiTa da gagonebiTa ar ganikanonos.<br />
34. egreTve, vinca da ramanca kacman monasterTa da saydarTa mamuli<br />
moigos, iurvos, anu vin mouravad da mosaqmed Semovides,_krul, wyeul da<br />
SeCuenebu[l] RmrTis dausabamoБsa piriTa, SВdTa krebaTa madliTa; numca<br />
ixssnebis suliTa jojoxeTisagan, nuca wirviTa, nuca glaxakTa micemiTa, nuca<br />
ierusalims warslviTa, itanjebodes gamouxsnelad ukunisamde.<br />
35. vinca uxuedri coli SeirTos, anu svinasa, anu meyvissa Se[e]xos, anu<br />
Zmis colsa, anu SeirTos, anu biZis coli SeirTos, anu ra ginda uxuedri
coli SeirTos kaTalikozisa a[R]uareblad, qristes uarismyofelTa Tanamca<br />
ars nawili misi, aw da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.<br />
36. vinca uqmTa weliwadissa da SabaTsa, cxra JamiTgan orSabaTsa<br />
ganTenebadmde, scodebdes, da paraskevsa miwas revdes, da wmidaTa krebaTagan<br />
ganaCeni uqmni dReni krZalviT da magrad ar Seinaxnes, misTВs ganwesebul ars<br />
risxuaБ RmrTisa, matli uZili, cecxli uSreti, RrWena kbilTa, mrisxaneni<br />
angelozni mas zeda; da ara aqus naSromsa missa baraqaБ; nayofi misi misTВs<br />
urgeb.<br />
37. kualad vinca Sescodos wmidaTa marxuaTa da xelyos Secodeba, gina<br />
oTxSabaT-paraskevTa, gina qristes Sobis marxuaTa, anu RmrTis-mSoblisa<br />
micvalebisa marxuaTa, vin ginda Sescodos, gina petres da pavles, romel ars<br />
petre-pavlobis marxvaБ, martВlTa reguenTa kide;<br />
38. da vin uxuedri coli SeirTos Seundobeli da kaTalikozisa<br />
brZanebiTa ar gaeyaros da urCad daudges, gina sasjulosa saqmesa zeda Zali<br />
ar misces, da usjuloTa Semwe eqmnas, gina meyvisobisaTВs, gina qrTamisaTВs<br />
anu SexvewisaTВs;<br />
anu marxua[sa] revdes, raБca wmidaTa krebaTa ga[a]Cines amas zeda, magrad<br />
ar imarxvides marTlad, anu uqmTa revdes, anu marTlad ar Seinaxos da<br />
wmidaTa krebaTgan gaCenili Seuracxyos, da kaTalikozisa brZanebasa ara<br />
morCilebdes;<br />
gina monasterTa damcrobasa moiWirvos TavisTВs gina sxuaTaTВs iurvos,<br />
anu sxuaTa uurvos, anu mterobisaTВs, anu meorisa moyurobisaTВs, gina<br />
qrTamisa aRebisaTvis ra ginda ra gamoaxos gina glexi mosaxle gina<br />
saWurWle, gina kaci, gina jogi, gina didi, gina cotaБ, da ar miRma<br />
Sematebdes;<br />
kaTalikozisa sityuasa da brZanebasa ar damorCildeT, da ese, cneba ara<br />
daicvad, da ara guliTa wmidiTa aRiaroT da ZalmicemiT ar daiWirvoT da<br />
ara irwmunoT, _ gina mefeTa, gina TavadTa, gina didebulTa, gina aznaurTa,<br />
gina ebiskoposTa, gina qorebiskopozTa gina moZRuarTa, gina mRdelTa, gina<br />
diakonTa, gina msaxurTa, gina glexTa, gina mamaTa, gina dedaTa, gina didTa,<br />
gina mcireTa, vin ginda vin es mcneba ar irwmunoT, da kaTalikozsa ar<br />
damorCil eqmnas, da viTa ese aRwerili mogviTxrobs marxvaTa ganaCensa da<br />
esreT ara imarxos;<br />
39. weliwadTa Sina oTxSabaT-paraskevi esreT ganixsnebis: yovelTa<br />
oTxSabaT-paraskevTa, viTarca didTa marxv[a]Ta, jer-ars marxvaБ, ukeTu<br />
saufloБ dResaswauli ara daxudes, anu saCinoTa wmidaTa, romelsa taZarsa<br />
Sina Sekrebulni erni dResaswauloben; qristes Soba msgefsamde xsnili ars;<br />
migegeba xsnili ars; zadikTa ganzogeba xsnil ars; amaRlebisa wina dRe<br />
xsnili ars, oTxSabaT-paraskevi ara; axal kВriake xsnili ars msgefs[a]mde;<br />
sulis wmidisa moslvisa msgefsamde xsnili ars; alajorT kviriake da<br />
yuelierisa kviriake xsnili ars monozonTaTВs da eriskacTaTВs.<br />
amaT gareT oTxSabaT-paraskevi ara ganixsnebis. da romelman ganxsnas,<br />
saSineli satanjuelni ganmzadebul arian maTTВs RmrTisagan, da kanonsa<br />
queSe iqmnebian uziarebelni, da eklesias ar SeiSvebis viTarca urCi RmrTisa.<br />
egreTve wmidisa giorgisi Tavadi dResaswauli aprilsa ocdasamsa maTTВs<br />
xsnili ars, vin eklesias mividen. vin ar mivides, ver ganxsnis noenbersa i.
da uqmni, werilsa Sina, viTarca saeklesioTa wignTa krebaTgan ganCenilman<br />
amcnos, egreT.<br />
40. da vin ori coli erTad SeirTos, gina deda-Svili mama-SvilTa<br />
SeirTos, gina ori dani orTa ZmaTa SeirTon, anu vis coli moukudes, colisa<br />
asuli SeirTos, anu vin colisa deda, romel ars sidedri, SeirTos, anu<br />
meyВsi SeirTos, anu vin coli uxuedri SeirTos, anu vin rZali SeirTos, gina<br />
Se[e]xos, gina dobili anu dedobili SeirTos, didman gina mcireman, gina<br />
xucesi, bilwi iyos da Seaginos xorcni TВsni sxuasa diacsa Tana, gina<br />
mxevali isvas da Jamis-wirvad ikadros,_<br />
vin ese mcnebani da swavlani, sasuliero da saxorcielo, yovliTa<br />
gulsmodginebiTa da guliTa uyalboБTa da utyuvariTa ara aRiaros, ar<br />
daicvas da ara Seinaxos, da urC eqmnas ama swavlasa wmidaTa krebaTagan<br />
ganaCensa da damtkicebulsa, da kaTalikozsa urC-eqmnas: mefeni, gina Tavadni,<br />
aznaurni, gina aznaurisSvilni, msaxurni, gina glexni, ebiskopozni, gina<br />
qorebiskopozni, moZRuarni, gina mRdelni, gina diakon[n]i, moxeleni<br />
xelisufalni, didni gina mcireni, yovelni urCqmnilni wyeul da<br />
SeCuenebulmca arian RmrTisa dausabamoБsa piriTa, romelman Seqmna saukuneni;<br />
krulmca ars samkВdrebeli maTi, suli da xorci misi; krul, wyeul da<br />
SeCuenebulmca ars saxli samyofi misi;<br />
krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca ars patiosnisa da cxovelsmyofelisa<br />
juarisagan, romelsa zeda ganipyrna uxrwnelni xelni TВsni xsnisaTВs<br />
Cuenisa qristeman RmerTman Cuenman;<br />
wyeulmca ars wmidaTa zecisa ZalTagan; wyeulmca ars wmidisa iovane<br />
naTlis-mcemelisgan; krul, wyeulmca ars wmidaTa da yovladqebulTa<br />
mociqulTagan; krulmca ars SvidTa krebaTgan;<br />
wyeulmca ars yovelTa RmrTisa wmidaTagan, romelni saukuniTgan saTnoeyunes<br />
ufalsa Cuensa ieso qristesa, da awca saTno yofad arian.<br />
41. ama mcnebaTa urCqmnilni da Seuracxis-myofelni krul da<br />
SeCuenebulmca arian caTa da queyanisagan, xorciTa da suliTa, TviTa da<br />
coliTa, SviliTa da Svilis SviliTa, misiTa erdguliTa;<br />
arismca misTВs ese sofeli mokle da usargeblo; arismca coli misi<br />
quriv da mwuxare, Svilni misni obol, Seryeul da dacvivnebul, viTarca<br />
marTueni yornisani; unayofomca ars yana, saTesvi ara ars Teslisa<br />
gamomRebel, mamuli misi unayofomca da nu Seikrebs misgan nayofsa;<br />
wyeulimca aris misi cxeni, zroxa da yoveli sacxovari; numca epoebis<br />
saxlisa misisagan sanugeSinismcemo.<br />
krulmca ars Tavi misi mxarTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars, mxarni misni<br />
welTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars welni misni TeZoTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars<br />
TeZoni wyВlTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars wyВlni misni muxlTa misTa zeda;<br />
krulmca ars muxlni misni koWTa misTa zeda: krulmca ars koWni misni<br />
ferxTa misTa zeda; krulia ferxi misi miwaTa, adgilTa da samyofTa zeda;<br />
krul ars igi adgili misTВs, sada dadgen ferxni misni; krul ars Tualni<br />
misni saxedvelad da mxedvelad; krulmca ars piri misi purisa mWamelad, enaБ<br />
metyuelad, xelni saqnelad, ferxni savlelad, guli saqmisa gasagoneblad;<br />
krulmca ars igi da misi gasagis[i], misi gasagebeli sxvaman miiRos; kruli<br />
ars misi sicocxle, kruli ars misi sik[u]dili; krul ars misi saflavi, sada<br />
daeflvis.
numca ixsnebis suliTa da xorciTa, TaviTa da coliTa da SviliTa da<br />
yovliTa misiTa gasagebeliTa; numca ixsnebis wirviTa ebiskoposTa da<br />
mRvdelTaTa; numca ixsnebis ierusalems waslviTa, nuca locviTa<br />
molozonTaБTa, nuca glaxakTa micemiTa, nuca mSierTa ganZRomiTa; ara ra<br />
quelis saqme ergos mas; yovelivemca usargebloБ ars misTВs.<br />
42. vinca ese mcneba da swavlaБ ara aRiaros, ara irwmunos da ara<br />
WeSmaritebiT aRasrulos, iyos nawilad misad, sad ars tanjviT samyofi,<br />
qristes uarismyofelTa, bneli wyudiadi, ganunaTlebeli, vaebiT aRsavse,<br />
cecxli uSreti, matli uZili, tartarozi, glovaБ unugeSiniscemoБ, da<br />
RrWenaБ kbilTa, nisli wyudiadi, saburveli TualTa myofTa fskerTa<br />
jojoxeTisaTa; numca ars xsna da gamoxsna maT mier vidre ukuniTi<br />
ukunisamde, amin, amin, amin.<br />
43. qristianeni marTlmadidebelni, rjulisa mamtkicebelni RmerTman<br />
akurTxnes.<br />
beWedi: biWvintisa RuTis-mSoblisa saWeT-mpyrobeli k Цzi 533 .<br />
5. biWvinTis saeklesio krebis (1543-1549)<br />
`kaTalikosTa samarTali~<br />
Cveni didi mematiane batoniSvili vaxuSti wers XVI s-is bolosa da XVII<br />
s-is dasawyisSi Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb: `JamTa amaT Sina iqmna ganteveba<br />
colTa, kvla kacTa da idumal tyvis yidva da ujeroni sjulsa zeda<br />
mravalni imereTsa Sina. amisaTvis Sekrbnen qarTlisa kaTalikosi malaqia,<br />
afxazTa kaTalikosi evdemon da yovelni episkoposni imereT-odiSisani. xolo<br />
episkoposni eseni iyvnen: quTaTeli svimon, genaTeli antoni, Wyondideli,<br />
bedieli, moqveli, drandeli filipe, cagereli kozman, xoneli zaqaria,<br />
nikorwmindeli ioakim, CaiSeli kvirile, amaT ganaCines moqmedTa maTTvis<br />
jerovani Serisxvani, dawernes da SeaCvenes moqmedni misni, viTarca gauwyebs<br />
aRwerili maTi~ 534 .<br />
marTlac, Cvenamde moRweulia qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis Zegli,<br />
cnobili `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~ saxeliT, romelSic gadmocemulia XVI<br />
saukuneSi Semdgari saeklesio krebis dadgenileba: `samarTali kaTalikosTa.<br />
q. saxeliTa RvTisaTa me, qristes mier kurTxeulman yovlisa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a<br />
patriarqman malaqia, me, qristes mier kurTxeulman afxazeTis kaTalikosman<br />
mamaT-mTavarman evdemon, davsxediT da SevkribeniT yovelni episkoposni<br />
afxazeTisani. da didi siymili movida codvaTa CvenTagan, mravalni uwesoba<br />
da ujero saqme Semovida: kacis kvla, kacis syidva, eklesiis krexva da<br />
uxvedroba. davideviT sjulis kanoni da Cvenica imisagan gamoviReT da raca<br />
imisagan ar gamoviReviT, Cven Cveni magieri ara Segvimatebia ra. da sjulis<br />
kanonica asre brZanebs~ 535 .<br />
am dadgenilebaSi sjulis samarTlis muxlebi damtkicebulia saeklesio<br />
krebis mier. krebam daloca yoveli aRmsrulebeli am kanonebisa: `vinc es<br />
mociqulTa da wmidaTa krebaTagan ganwesebuli da Cven mier damtkicebuli<br />
sjuli da wigni gaaTaos kurTxeva RvTisa, ubiwod mSobelisa misisa da<br />
wmidaTa krebulTagan da wmidaTa mociqulTa da yovlad wmidaTagan...~ 536 .
krebam iqve dakrula araRmsrulebeli krebis dadgenilebebisa: `vinca am<br />
wmida krebaTa mociqulTagan ganwesebuli da Cven mier damtkicebuli ar<br />
Seiwynaros da kaTolikes saydarzed dasmulsa winaaRudges da Cveni mcneba ar<br />
daimarxos, krulmca aris caTa Sina da qveyanasa zeda wmidaTa krebulTagan,<br />
wmidaTa mociqulTagan da yovelTa wmidaTagan~ 537 .<br />
kaTalikosTa samarTali, rogorc es Zeglis Sesavalidanac Cans,<br />
Sedgenilia ara erTi kaTalikosis, aramed sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikospatriarqisa<br />
da afxazeTis kaTalikosis mier, aseve damtkiceba biWvinTis<br />
iadgarisa, romelic `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~ damatebad miiCneva, evaleboda<br />
qarTlis kaTalikoss afxazeTis kaTalikosTan erTad, aqedan Cans, rom<br />
qarTuli eklesia miuxedavad urTulesi politikuri viTarebisa XVI-XVIII<br />
saukuneebSi, sulierad mTliani iyo. antioqieli patriarqis mixeilisa da<br />
sxvaTa mcdelobas, gaeyoT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia, mosalodneli Sedegi ar<br />
mohyolia. kvlavindeburad mcxeTeli patriarqis avtoriteti dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi maRalia, rasac miuTiTebs Cvengan ganxiluli krebis mier<br />
gamocemuli dokumenti. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom meTeqvsmete saukunis<br />
dasawyisidan dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikosebi ukve iTavisebdnen<br />
patriarqis tituls. iqamde, rogorc cnobilia, saqarTveloSi kaTalikospatriarqi<br />
mxolod erTi iyo, rezidenciiT mcxeTaSi. XVI saukunis Semdeg,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> politikur daqucmacebulobas Tavisi asaxva mohyva saeklesio<br />
cxovrebaSic. cnobilia, rom daSlis Semdeg, qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTis<br />
mefeebi TavianT Tavs `sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefeebs~ uwodebdnen (garkveul<br />
dromde). amiT isini mianiSnebdnen, rom ar cnobdnen <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifos<br />
daSlas, cdilobdnen mis gaerTianebas piradi meTaurobiT. msgavsadve,<br />
dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikosebi patriarqis tituliT TavianT Tavs<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> uzenaes sulier pirvel ierarqad miiCnevdnen, rogorc<br />
es afxazeTis kaTalikos grigol lorTqifaniZis biWvinTisadmi miZRvnil<br />
Sewirulebis wignis damamtkicebeli beWdis warweridan Cans: `grigol mwyemsi<br />
qristesmier yovlisa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikozi~ (1712 w.). igive kaTalikosi<br />
biWvinTisadmi sxva Sewirulobis wignSi Tavis Tavs `CrdiloeTisa da<br />
afxazeTis kaTalikozs~ uwodebs 538 . cnobilia, rom ZvelqarTul saistorio<br />
geografiaSi termini `CrdiloeTi~ da termini `saqarTvelo~ identuri<br />
terminebi iyo. `CrdiloeTs~ (zogjer `aRmosavleTs~) <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> uwodebdnen.<br />
patriarqis titulis miniWebiT, Cans, dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikoss<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis kanonier mamamTavrad warmoaCendnen, iseve,<br />
rogorc vTqvaT, imereTis mefeebi sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefeebad<br />
warmoaCendnen TavianT Tavs. imereTis mefe bagrati 1545 wlis sigelSi Tavis<br />
Tavs `mefeTamefes~ uwodebs da `lixT-amerisa da lixT-imeris~ cixisTavebs<br />
ubrZanebs, daamtkicon mis mier gacemuli sigeli 539 . `mefeTa-mefis~ titulis<br />
miniWebiT imereTis mefeebi TavinT Tavs warmoadgendnen sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kanonier mefeebad, aseTive politikuri Sinaarsi edo dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTalikosTa mier patriarqis titulis miniWebas. SemdgomSi, maT<br />
titulaturaSi bolomde rCeba es wodeba. magram mainc qarTlis kaTalikosebi<br />
uzenaes sasuliero avtoritetebad da upirveles mamtkicebel rjulmdeblebad<br />
miiCneodnen dasavleT saqarTveloSic. magaliTad, biWvinTis iadgarSi,<br />
romelsac xeli moaweres da TandaTanobiT daamtkices dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
(afxazeTis) kaTalikosebma: malaqia abaSiZem (1529-1532), evdemon CxetiZem (1543-
1575), efTvimi I sayvareliZem (1578-1605), malaqia II gurielma (1605-1639), maqsime I<br />
maWutaZem (1628-1647), zaqaria qvarianma (1657-1659), svimon I CxetiZem (1659-1666),<br />
daviT nemsaZem (1667-1682), nabrZanebia imis Sesaxeb, rom, rogorc aRiniSna, es<br />
dokumenti unda daamtkicos qarTlis kaTalikosmac: `da Tqven wmidano mefeno,<br />
mRvdelT-mTavarno, afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosno, Tqvenca asreT<br />
daumtkiceT~ 540 . Tumca zogierTi ucxouri wyaro `qvemo iberiis<br />
arqiepiskoposs~ (ase uwodeben isini afxazeTis kaTalikoss) ufros, uxuces<br />
pirvelierarqad miiCnevs `zemo iberiis arqiepiskoposTan~ SedarebiT.<br />
biWvinTis saeklesio krebis mier gamocemuli `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~<br />
kanonTa teqsti i. doliZis dayofiT Seicavs 23 muxls, dalagebulia<br />
garkveuli TanamimdevrobiT: pirveli muxli kacis yidva-gayidvas exeba, me-2-6<br />
muxlebi eklesiis gatexas, qurdobasa da kacis kvlas, me-7-15 muxlebi<br />
episkoposis mier da episkoposis winaaRmdeg Cadenil danaSauls, me-16 muxli _<br />
mefis Ralats, me-17-18 muxlebi _ kaTalikosisa da episkoposis Seuracxyofas<br />
da uRirsi mRvdlis kurTxevas, me-19 muxli _ saqmis mrudad gamoZiebasa da<br />
damnaSavis gasamarTlebas, me-20 muxli saeklesio mamulebis datacebas, 21-e<br />
muxli _ sjuldebis Sesrulebas, 22-e muxli _ rZlis SerTvas da ukanaskneli<br />
23-e muxli _ colis ubralod dagdebas~ 541 .<br />
prof. i. doliZe aRniSnavs _ `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~ mTavari wyaro<br />
aris, rogorc es samarTlis wignis Sesavlidan Cans, `sjulis kanoni~... akad. k.<br />
kekeliZem gamoikvlia, rom kaTalikosTa kanonebi damyarebulia ~didi sjulis<br />
kanonze~ da ara eqvTime mTawmindelis mier naTargmn `mcire sjulis kanonze~...<br />
`kaTalikozTa samarTali~ ar warmoadgens sjulis kanonis ubralo<br />
gamokrebas. igi qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis originaluri Zeglia, romlis<br />
dadgenilebani qveynis maSindeli yofa-cxovrebis sinamdviles asaxaven~ 542 .<br />
kaTalikosTa samarTali mTel saqarTveloSi moqmedi sjuli iyo. masSi<br />
araa aRniSnuli saeklesio krebis mowvevis adgili. T. Jordanias azriT,<br />
romelic amJamad aRiarebulia, `kaTalikozTa kanonebi~ dawerilia XVI<br />
saukunis pirvel naxevarSi. masSi moxseniebuli imerTa kaTalikosi evdemoz<br />
unda iyos evdemos I (1549-1579) da ara evdemos II (1666-1669). `kaTalikosTa<br />
samarTlis~ xelrTvaSi aRniSnuli quTaTeli mitropoliti svimoni<br />
aRsaydrebula 1529 wels, igi ukurTxebiaT biWvinTis taZarSi 543 . krebis xelis<br />
momweri caiSeli (CiSeli) episkoposi kvirile moRvaweobda leon dadianis<br />
dros (1533-1571), misi gvari yofila JvaniZe 544 . k. kekeliZis azriT, kreba<br />
Catarebula 1543-1549 wlebSi 545 . pirveli TariRi (1543 w.) afxazeTis<br />
kaTalikosis evdemon I CxetiZis aRzevebis welia, xolo meore (1549) qarTlis<br />
kaTalikosis malaqias gardacvalebisa. `amrigad, kaTalikosTa samarTali<br />
Sedgenilia XVI saukunis 40-ian wlebSi imereTis mefis bagratis dros (1510-<br />
1565) 546 .<br />
maSasadame, kaTalikosTa samarTali Sedgenilia im dros, rodesac<br />
afxazeTis (imereTis) kaTalikosTa taxti idga biWvinTaSi, ufro gvian (1657 w.)<br />
taxti Crdilokavkasiel (afsar-abaz-Cerqez) tomTa Semosevebisa da osmalTa<br />
mZlavrobis gamo gadatanil iqna gelaTSi. maSasadame, Tu zemoaRniSnul<br />
krebis mowvevis TariRs daveTanxmebiT, kreba Catarda biWvinTaSi,<br />
sakaTalikoso centrSi, magram arsebobs sxva Tvalsazrisic. vaxuSti<br />
batoniSvils aRniSnuli kreba XVII s-Si Catarebulad miaCnda (daaxl. 1605 w.).
Cven veTanxmebiT pirvel daTariRebas, radgan Zeglidanac Cans, rom krebis<br />
mowvevis droisaTvis `kacis syidvas~ jer kidev ar hqonia farTo, Ria,<br />
daufaravi xasiaTi miRebuli, jer igi ar yofila gadaqceuli `tyveTa<br />
syidvad~, romelsac XVII saukuneSi ukve daufaravad misdevdnen. vaxuStis da<br />
sxva mematianeebs miaCndaT, rom tyveTa syidvam CvenSi daufaravi saxe miiRo<br />
rostom mefe-xanis da levan II dadianis dros. unda iTqvas, rom adamianTa<br />
gayidvis faqtebis gamomJRavnebisTanave (e.i. XVI s-Si) Cvens wmida eklesias<br />
miuRia zomebi, cdila ZirSive aRmoefxvra es mavne codva, magram, qveyanaSi<br />
Seqmnili viTarebis gamo, mis cdas obieqturi, mosalodneli Sedegebi ar<br />
mohyolia. am Zeglidan Cans, rom saqarTveloSi (krebis mowvevis epoqaSi)<br />
saeklesio samarTlis iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareboda ara marto sasuliero<br />
saeklesio saqmeebi, aramed, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, sisxlis samarTlis<br />
danaSaulebanic 547 .<br />
marTalia im droisaTvis biWvinTaSi krebis mowveva saSiSi iyo (e.i. XVI s.<br />
SuawlebSi), magram is mainc warmoadgenda udides saeklesio centrs da,<br />
rogorc Cans, aq, saeklesio dedaqalaqSi, Sedga ganxiluli kreba.<br />
samarTali kaTalikozTa<br />
[sruli teqsti]<br />
q. saxeliTa da R ЦTisaTa me, qristes mier kurTxeulman yovlisa<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a kaTalikozman patriaqman malaqia, me, qristes mier kurTxeulman<br />
afxazeTis kaTalikozman mamaT-mTavarman evdemon, davsxediT da SevkribeniT<br />
yovelni ebiskopozni afxazeTisani.<br />
da didi siymili movida codvaTa CuenTagan, mravali uwesoba da ujero<br />
saqme Semovida: kacis klva, kacis syidva, eklesiis krexva da uxvedroba.<br />
davideviT sjulis kanoni da Cuenca imisgan gamoviReviT; da raca imisagan<br />
ar gamoviReviT, Cuen Cueni magieri ara SegВimatebia ra.<br />
da sjulis kanonica asre bZanebs.<br />
[kacis syidvisa ese gavaCineT] 1. q. ramanc kacman kaci gayidos, anu didman,<br />
anu mcireman, anu Tavadman, anu aznaurman da an glexman, wmidaTa krebulTagan<br />
SeCuenebul iyos da ganГdili.<br />
rasac kacs marTliT gankiTxviTa da gamoZiebiTa kacis syidva gamoaCndes,<br />
Tu is kaci daiГsnas da moiyuanos, missa saydarsa da ebiskoposs dauurvos, ra<br />
erTic Zal-edvas, damklebis ufalsaca dauurvos.
da Tu ver moiyuanos, vin ginda vin iyos, TavadisSvili unda aznaurSvili,<br />
unda glexi, maSinc veram saqmem ver iГsnas, ukanonodca ars, - Zelsa mieces.<br />
da vinc qrTami aiRos da ar CamoarCos, SeCuenebul iyos wmidaTa<br />
krebulTagan da kanonsamca queSe aris wmidaTa mociqulTasa.<br />
q. eklesiis mkrexvelTaTvis ese gangВwesebia 2. q. vinc eklesia gatexos da<br />
xati ganZarcos ukanonod Zelsa mieces.<br />
3. q. vinca eklesias Sigan Sevides da saqoneli gamoitanos, eklesiasa misi<br />
saqoneli miezRos da kaci daSavdes.<br />
4. q. vinca Zma moklas anu mama, Гeli moekueTos da mamulisagan ganvardes.<br />
5. q. vinca ubralo kaci moklas anu mgzavri, anu mcveli risame qurdobiT,<br />
ganipatijos.<br />
6. q. vinca qurdoba qnas, rarigadac pirvelad wesi yofiliyos, isre<br />
gardaaГdevinon.<br />
q. ebiskopozis saqme ese gagВCenia 7. q. romelic ebiskopozi missa saydarsa<br />
ganeSoros TВnier ocis dRisa, Tu ar patronisa mizezisa da saqmisaTВis da<br />
anu samwysosa Sigan siarulisagan Tavi ГelT ara hqondes da anu avad ar iyos,<br />
anu missa samwysosa Sigan qorebiskopozsa gauwyuetlad ar aroninebdes da<br />
sjulis saqmesa da mRdel- monaznis saqmes da missa samwysosa eklesiebis<br />
saqmesa marTlad ar mwysobdes, ara marTebdes da ar amagrebdes, raca Zaledvas,<br />
mis saydars ar aSenebdes da ar kazmevdes, anu saydris mamuls ar<br />
amagrebdes, da romelmanca ebiskopozman, raca sjulis kanonsa Sigan ar<br />
eweros, imas gareT anu uxvedrobisa da sВnaobisa saqmesa zeda neba darTos<br />
da anu sakanono aarTvas, _ SeCuenebul iyos wmidaTa krebulTagan da<br />
kanonsamca queS aris wmidaTa mociqulTasa, da misisa saydrisagan eqsoria<br />
iqmnas.<br />
8. q. romelmanca ebiskopozman diakoni da mRdeli asre akurTxos, rome<br />
marTalze ar ganikiTxos da anu daviTnisa da msgebsisa da kurTxevanisa<br />
kiTxva ar SeeZlos, da anu umoZRuro iyos da moZRuari ar ganikiTxos,<br />
SeCuenebuli iyos.<br />
9. q. romelmanca ebiskopozman sxvis ebiskopozisa Seundobelsa Sendoba<br />
misces, anu diakoni da mRvdeli ukurTxos, SeCuenebuli iyos.<br />
10. q. romlisac ebiskopozis samwysos Sigan ese iqnebodes, umRdlod da,<br />
Tu Rone ar iyos, umTavardiakunod, eris kacis ГeliTa anu ziareba gaegzavnos<br />
da anu eziaros, xucesi wirvisagan daayenos.<br />
11 q. romelman ebiskopozman missa samwysosa Sina ese ikadros da ar<br />
moikiTxos, SeCuenebuli iyos.<br />
12. q. romlisac ebiskopozisa qorebiskopozi soflis soflamdis da<br />
eklesiis eklesiamdis ar mividodes da im eklesiis Sesavalsa kacebsa ar<br />
Sehyrides, uqmobasa, naTesaobasa, avgzisobasa, sВnaobasa, marxvis Wamasa<br />
marTliT saqmiT ar gamoikiTxvides da ar marTebdes, SeCuenebuli iyos.<br />
13. q. romelica, anu didi anu Tavadi, anu aznauri, anu glexi, ebiskopozsa<br />
winaaRudges da marTliTa samarTliTa da gankiTxviT qorebiskopozs<br />
sarjulo ar moakiTxvinos, SeCuenebuli iyos.<br />
14. q. vincavin ebiskopozsa da missa qorebiskopozsa winaaRmdegoba hkadros,<br />
marTliTa gankiTxviTa da gamoZiebiT rjuli ar mohkiTxos patronman, mefeman<br />
misad sisxlad da Secodebad moikiTxos.
15. q. romelica ebiskopozi, didi anu mcire, kaTalikozsa samRTosa da<br />
sasjulosa saqmezeda, anu saydrisa, anu sjulisa saqme rame daeSaos,<br />
marTliTa gankiTxviTa da gamowulilviTa raca kaTalikozman swuarTos,<br />
ewuarTos da marTalsa weszeda daadges, ara da ar gaugonos da arca<br />
iwuarTos, wirvisagan ganikueTos da mefem saydrisagan eqsoria qmnas.<br />
[mefis Ralatisa asre iqnas] 16. q. visac patronis mefis Ralati gamoaCndes,<br />
anu didsa, anu Tavadsa, anu aznaursa, anu visac, marTaliT gankiTxviT da<br />
gamowulilviTa, rarigadac wmidaTa krebaTa da wmidaTa mociqulTagan<br />
gaCenili iyos da sjulisa kanonsa Sigan eweros, sikudiliT ganipatiJos.<br />
[kaTalikozisa da ebiskopozis ginebisaTvis] 17. q. vinc kaTalikozsa da<br />
ebiskopozsa aginos da upatiuroba hkadros, rarigadac sjulis kanonSi<br />
eweros, imrigad ganipatiJos.<br />
[uRirsi mRdlis kurTxevisaTvis] 18. q. romelmanca ebiskopozman uRirsi<br />
mRdeli anu diakoni akurTxos, da anu icodes misi uRirsoba, da anu wirva<br />
daanebos, da anu qrTami aarTvas, SeCuenebulimca aris, viTarca sВmon mogВ.<br />
nurc ebiskopozi, nurc moZRuari da winamZRuari qrTamiT nu daidginebis.<br />
amisTВs sjulis kanoni asre brZanebs: Seundobeli iyos makurTxevelica da<br />
kurTxeulica.<br />
[mrudad gamokvlevisa da gamarTlebisaTvis]. 19. q. romelmanc kacis<br />
msyidveli da eklesiis mtexeli, marTali mrudad gamoikulios da mrudi<br />
ganamarTlos, SeuCerebeli iyos.<br />
[saydris mamulis gamoxumisaTvis] 20. q. vincavin, didman anu mcireman,<br />
saydarsa da monastersa mamuli gamoaxuas, anu sofeli, anu venaГi, anu miwa da<br />
agari, vincavin [iyos], didi da mcire, SeCuenebuli iyos.<br />
[sjulis gamTavebelTa da gardamavalTaTvis] 21. q. vinca es, mociqulTa da<br />
wmidaTa krebaTagan ganwesebuli da Cuen mier damtkicebuli sjuli da wigni<br />
gaaTaos, kurTxeva R ЦTisa, ubiwod mSobelisa misisa da wmidiTa<br />
krebulTagan, da wmidaTa mociqulTa, da yovelTa wmidaTagan. vinca es<br />
daamtkicos, locva-kurTxeviT da SendobiT iyos TaviTa, coliTa da SviliTa,<br />
saxliT, mamuliT da agarakiT, rac R ЦTsa kacisaTВs keTili daebados,<br />
yovliTa keTiliTa aRsavse iqmnas, locva-kurTxeviT da SendobiT amyofos.<br />
vinc am wmidaTa krebaTa mociqulTagan ganwesebuli da Cuen mier<br />
damtkicebuli ar Seiwynaros da kaTolikes saydarzed dasmulsa winaaRudges<br />
da Cueni mcneba ar daimarxos, krulmca aris caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda<br />
wmidaTa krebulTagan, wmidaTa mociqulTagan da yovelTa wmidaTagan, Se-mcaeqmnebis<br />
Zrwola kaenisa, SiSTВli iudasi, mexis-texa deoskoresi, moSToba<br />
gmirTa, dawva sodomelTa, keTri geezisa, danTqma daTan da abironisi,<br />
sircxВli kriskenti da Tabinesi, da yovelTa qristes uaris myofelTa<br />
Tanamca aris nawili misi.<br />
[rZlis SerTvisaTvis] 22. q. vinca anu didman, anu Tavadman, anu aznaurman,<br />
anu glexman, rZali SeirTos, SeCvenebulimc aris R ЦTisagan da misTa<br />
wmidaTagan da SВdTa krebaTa, wmidaTa mociqulTagan.<br />
kacica da dedakacica gaRma-gamoRma dakiron, da mkiravni Cuengan<br />
dalocvil da kurTxeulni iyon.<br />
me, afxazeTis kaTalikozi [evdemon], kanoniTa vamtkiceb.<br />
me, quTaTel mitrapoliti sВmion, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.
me, genaTel mTavar-ebiskopozi antoni, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.<br />
me, mama Wyondideli, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.<br />
me, bediel mitropoliti, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.<br />
me, moquel mTavar-ebiskopozi, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.<br />
me, drandel mitrapoliti filipe, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.<br />
me, cagerel mamaT-mTavari kozman, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.<br />
me, xonel mTavar-ebiskopozi zaqaria, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.<br />
me, nikorwmideli ebiskopozi iovakim, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.<br />
me, CiSel mamaT-mTavari kВrile, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.<br />
[colis ubralod dagdebisaTvis] 23. q. romelman ubralod coli daagdos,<br />
SeCuenebulimca aris wmidaTa mociqulTagan da sikudiliTa ganipatiJos 548 .<br />
6. daviT-garejis saeklesio krebis `ganCineba~ (1702 w.)<br />
1702 wels mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba, romelmac gamosca dadgenileba _<br />
`ganCineba saeklesio krebisa samonastro wesisa da rigis Taobaze~ 549 .<br />
marTalia, ganCineba sazogadod samonastro cxovrebas Seexeba, magram<br />
masSi kerZoobiTi saubaria daviT-garejis monastris Sesaxeb. am dadgenilebiT<br />
kreba Seecada, moewesrigebina daviT-garejis samonastro cxovreba. ufro<br />
sworad, krebas surda axlad daewyo da rogorme aeRorZinebina samonastro<br />
cxovreba. saqme is iyo, rom CrdilokavkasielTa (lekTa) gamudmebulma TareSma<br />
daaZabuna daviT-garejis monastrebi XVII saukuneSi. monasterTa sisxlsavse<br />
cxovreba gansakuTrebiT daamcro 6000 beris amowyvetam. Zvel saqarTveloSi<br />
berobis msurveli mravali qristiani iyo, didi survilic hqondaT daviTgarejSi<br />
moRvaweobisa, magram aoxrebul monasterSi mudmivi SiSianobis gamo,<br />
Cans, darCena eZnelebodaT. am da sxva mizezTa gamo 1702 wels mowveul<br />
saeklesio krebis ganCinebaSi naTqvamia: `Cven ama krebis brZanebiTa ese wigni,<br />
piri da brZaneba davsdeviT, ase, rome: 1. romeli beri daviT garejas, Tu<br />
naTlismcemels, Tu dodos, Tu berTubans mivides metaniad da dasadgomad da<br />
aRTqma yos mun monastersa Sina samyofad da mere kualad ukun iqces da<br />
dauteos Tvisi metania monasteri da sxvad monastrad mivides ...Tavisi nebiT....<br />
wyeul iyos da SeCvenebul RmrTisa da oTxis patriarqisagan, svetis<br />
cxovelisagan da wmidis giorgisa, wmidis ninosa da ama wmidis daviTis da<br />
dodosagan~ 550 .<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli qarTuli dokumentebi XIII s-mde asaxelebdnen xuT<br />
msoflio patriarqs, maT Soris igulisxmeboda romis eklesiis meTauric<br />
(papic), am droisaTvis misi xseneba amovardnilia da mxolod oTxi<br />
marTlmadidebeli patriarqi moixsenieba (konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis,<br />
antioqiisa da ierusalimis patriarqebi). am sabuTidan kidev erTxel Cans, rom<br />
daviT-garejis monastrebi mTlian qarTul eklesiasTan erTad XVIII s-is<br />
dasawyisSi marTlmadidebluri orientaciisani iyvnen. amis aRniSvna imisTvisaa<br />
saWiro, rom am monasterSi berad Sevida sulxan-saba orbeliani, TiTqosda<br />
kaTolike. cxadia, marTlmadideblur monasterSi kaTolike ver dadgeboda,
sulxan-sabas `kaTolikoba~ mxolod politikuri da ara sarwmunoebrivi<br />
orientacia iyo.<br />
krebis ganCinebis meore muxlic SemoklebiT imasve imeorebs, rac pirvel<br />
muxlSia gadmocemuli. mesame muxli krZalavs unebarTvod berebis erTi<br />
monastridan meoreSi gadasvlas. meoTxe muxliT monastris datovebis Sendoba<br />
eZleva im bers, romelsac `mefeTagan, kaTalikozTagan, efiskopozTa da<br />
darbazis erTagan gamovides episkoposad an winamZRvrad, anu romelisame wessa<br />
zeda mdgomared. amas Sendoba da madli hqondes~ 551 .<br />
mexuTe muxliT ekrZalebaT qveynis saero da sasuliero meTaurebs<br />
(Tavadebs, episkoposebs) Sewynareba monastridan unebarTvod gamosuli berisa.<br />
meeqvse muxliT kreba wyevas da SeCvenebas uTvlis krebis ganCinebis<br />
damrRvevT. krebis ganCinebas xels awers 11 episkoposi: bodbeli, Tbileli,<br />
mangleli, samebeli, mroveli, Weremeli, wilkneli, xarWaSneli, dmaneli,<br />
bovneli, walkeli da erTi arqimandriti. ganCinebas brZanebis saxe misca<br />
kaTalikosma Tavisi beWdis dasmiT. kaTalikosis brZaneba daadastures amba<br />
alaverdelma nikolozma, ninowmindelma iosebma, bodbelma mitropolitma<br />
zaqariam da mTavarepiskoposma qristeforem.<br />
radganac krebis ganCineba uSualod daviT-garejis monastrebs exeba, unda<br />
vifiqroT, rom kreba iqve Catarda. amas miuTiTebs krebis mier moxseniebul<br />
wmidaTa CamoTvlac. sazogadod, romelime eklesiaSi, anda eklesiis sanaxebSi<br />
saRvTo msaxurebis damaboloebeli Camolocvis dros, rogorc wesi, uTuod<br />
moixsenieba wmidani, romlis saxelzec aSenebulia eklesia an monasteri. 1702<br />
wlis krebis ganCineba saerTo saeklesio siwmideebis (sveticxovlis, sauflo<br />
kvarTis, sveticxovlisadmi mimadlebuli sauflo mironis) CamoTvlis Semdeg,<br />
pirvel rigSi, ixseniebs kaxeTis mxaris siwmideebs: giorgi alaverdels, wmida<br />
ninos (e.i. bodbis saydars) da aboloebs ase: `madliTa mama daviT garejiTa da<br />
wmidisa dodosiTa~ es ukanaskneli CamonaTvali unda miuTiTebdes, rom kreba<br />
daviT garejSi, anda mis mamulSi Catarda.<br />
erTi sabuTidan Cans, rom krebis Catarebis Semdeg daviT-garejis<br />
monasterTa mdgomareoba ramdenadme gaumjobesebula. 1704 wels daviT-garejis<br />
winamZRvarma onofrem, dodos winamZRvarma zaqariam da naTlismcemlis<br />
winamZRvarma xaritonma Txovna miarTves kaxeTis mefe erekle I-s da sTxoves<br />
monastrisaTvis daebrunebinaT sagarejos mamulebi, ris sanacvlodac<br />
monastrebi iRebdnen valdebulebas, yovelwliurad, yvelieris xuTSabaTs,<br />
sagangebod ewiraT mefe-dedoflisaTvis, xolo xorcielis kviras maTi<br />
SvilebisaTvis. 1709 wels gamocemuli Sewirulobis sigelidan Cans, rom<br />
daviT-garejis monastrebi, e.w. stavropigiulni ki ar iyvnen, aramed<br />
ninowmideli mTavarepiskoposis samwysos Seadgendnen, yovel SemTxvevaSi,<br />
aseTi pretenzia ganucxadebia ioseb ninowmidels: `aReSennes monasterni ege<br />
udabnosani, vidremdis Seiqmnes adgilsa magas monasterni aTormeti Tavis-<br />
Tavad winamZRvriTurT, da eseni yovelni iyvnes samwyso da morCil RmrTisa<br />
mier kurTxeulisa mTavarepiskopozisa ninowmidelisa, da romelnica<br />
uflebdes da ganagebdes sagarejos wmidis ninos monastersa, maTica jer ars<br />
pyroba da kurTxeva amaTi~ 1 .<br />
mahmadianebis SemosevaTa droso, _ wers ninowmideli episkoposi, _<br />
`udabnonica ese garejisani aoxrdes da mravalJam da mravalwel daSTa<br />
umkvidrod kacTagan da arRaravin iyo berTagani adgilsa magas wmidasa,
vidremde yofad Cvendamde da iyo umkvidro kacTagan~ 552 . ninowmideli<br />
mTavarepiskopos ioseb vaCnaZis dros berebs aRudgeniaT dodos monasteri,<br />
misTvis episkoposs mamulebi Seuwiravs. garda amisa, rac aRsaniSnavia, am<br />
episkoposs berebisaTvis dauweria <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis mokle istoria,<br />
wmida ninos moRvaweoba, asureli mamebis Camosvla, gansakuTrebiT ki daviTis,<br />
dodos da lukianes cxovreba. episkoposis survili yofila, berebs hqonodaT<br />
Sesabamisi codnac.<br />
rogorc zemoaRniSnulidan Cans, 1702 wels mowveuli saeklesio krebis<br />
Semdeg daviT-garejis monasterTa cxovreba SesamCnevad aRorZinebula.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias krebis mamebi uwodeben<br />
`samociqulo eklesias~. patriarqi Tavis Tavs ase moixseniebs: `Cven, meufisa<br />
mier, samociqulosa kaTolike eklesiasa zeda dadginebuli patriarqi<br />
kaTalikozi evdemozi~ 553 . <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis am saxelwodebas gausva xazi<br />
Semdgomma, 1748 wels mowveulma saeklesio krebamac.<br />
daviT-garejis krebis `ganCineba~<br />
[ganCineba saeklesio krebisa samonastro wesisa da rigis Taobaze] [1702 w.]<br />
q. saxeliTa saxierisa, arseba daubadebelisa RmrTisa mamisa, Zisa da<br />
sulisa wmidisaTa, SewevniTa da madliTa yovlad ubiwosa umetesad<br />
kurTxeulisa, uxrwnelisa qalwulisa mariamisaTa, SewevniTa da ZaliTa<br />
cxovels myofelisa jvarisaTa, ZaliTa da madlisaTa wmidaTa zecisa ZalTa<br />
angelozTa da mTavar angelozTa, madliTa da SewevniTa wmindaTa udabnos<br />
maSvenebelTa mamaTa, madliTa da SewevniTa svetis cxovlisa kvarTisa<br />
sauflosa mironisa wmindisaTa, madliTa da TanamdgomlobiTa wmindisa<br />
giorgi alaverdisaTa da SewevniTa meaTcametisa mociqulisa ninosiTa,<br />
madliTa mama daviT garejelisaTa da wmindisa dodosiTa;<br />
Cven, meufisa mier samociqulosa kaTolike eklesiasa zedan dadginebulman<br />
patronman kaTalikozman evdemoz, amba alaverdelman patronman nikoloz,<br />
mTavarefiskopozman qristeforem, ninowmindelman ioseb, sula qarTvelTa da<br />
kaxT efiskopozTa, winamZRvarTa, mRdelTa da samRdeloT dasTa ese wigni,<br />
piri da fici davsdeviT da Sekrva gaxsnis brZaneba, viTarca brZanebs piri<br />
RmrTisa: `romeli ganxsnaT, xsnil iyos da romeli SekraT, krul iyos~.<br />
Cven ama krebisa brZanebiTa ese wigni, piri da brZaneba davsdeviT, ase rome:<br />
1. romelic beri daviT-garejas, Tu naTlismcemels, Tu dodos, Tu<br />
berTubans mivides metaniad da dasadgomad da aRTqma yos mun monastersa Sina<br />
samyofad, da merme kualad ukun-iqces da dauteos Tvisi metania monasteri da<br />
sxvad monastrad mivides, Cvenad uSendobod da eris gamourCevlad,<br />
daupatijeblad, Tavis nebiT da wadiliT da guliswyromiT, ampartavnobiT,<br />
dauTminobiT gamovardes, an sityuiT visiTme moRordes da wavides, wyeul<br />
iyos da SeCvenebul RmrTisa da yovelT misTa wmindaTagan, Svidis krebisagan<br />
da oTxis patriarqisgan, svetis cxovelisgan da wmindis giorgisa, wmindis<br />
ninosa da am wmindis mama daviTisa da dodosagan.<br />
2. romelic Sevides, metania qnas dasadgomad, mamasa da krebuls piri da<br />
aRTqma daudvas da aRar aRasrulos es Tavisi aRnaTqvami, wyeuli iyos da<br />
SeCvenebuli.
3. kvalad, romelmanc erTmanerTis SurobiT da qiSpobiT erTis<br />
monastridam meoreSi sadgomad beri miiyuanos an TviTan mivides mamasa da<br />
krebulisagan uSendobod, isimc wyeuli da SeCvenebul iyos.<br />
4. Tu mefeTagan, kaTalikozTagan, efiskopozTa da darbazis erTagan<br />
gamorCeviT gamovides efiskopozad anu winamZRuarad anu romelsame wessa<br />
zeda mdgomlad, amas Sendoba da madli qondes.<br />
5. romelmac Tavadma, gina efiskopozman anu didman anu mcireman iqidam<br />
mamisa krebisa Seundobari da gamovardnili da am wyevas qveS danarCunebuli<br />
beri miuSvas da Seiwynaros, isic imisi monawile da Tanaziari iyos.<br />
es ase gavarigeT da davamtkiceT.<br />
6. vinc amas urC eqmnas, wyevasa da SeCvenebasa qveSe iyos da daTan da<br />
abironTana da iudas monawile da moziaremc iqmnebis, wyeul iyos suliTa da<br />
ГorciTa aqa da mermesa mas didsa dResa, amin. amin. amin.<br />
amisi mowame da damamtkicebelni: bodbeli zaqaria, Tbileli domenti,<br />
mangleli ioseb, samebeli nikoloz, mroveli, Weremeli, wilkneli, xarWaSneli<br />
parTeni, dmaneli elise, bovneli ivane, walkeli nikoloz, maRalaZe<br />
arqimanditi nikoloz, sula qarTvelni da kaxni efiskopozni.<br />
vinca am garigebisa da brZanebis damamtkicebeli iyos, madli da kurTxeva<br />
qondes.<br />
vinca vin urC eqmnas, wyevasamca qveSe ars aw da maradis ukuniT<br />
ukunisamdis, amin.<br />
qoronikons tJ.<br />
beWedi: kaTalikozi evdemoz<br />
vamtkiceb brZanebas amas kaTalikozis evdemosisasa amba alaverdeli.<br />
xelrTva: alaverdeli nikoloz<br />
vamtkiceb ninowmideli ioseb.<br />
beWedi: mona RvTisa ninowmideli ioseb<br />
vamtkiceb bodbeli mitrapoliti zaqaria am wigns.<br />
beWedi: bodbeli zaqaria<br />
q. batoni mTavarefiskopozi vamtkiceb am sigels 554 .<br />
beWedi: mTavarepiskoposi qristefore.<br />
7. sakanonmdeblo Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is karze (1706-1709 ww.)<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio samarTlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa vaxtang<br />
VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebuli. `marTlmadideb-lobis mxne mxedarma, uflis<br />
mier Zlierma moRvawem, sionis rjulmtkicebiTa Seuryevelma svetma,<br />
marTlmadideblobiT da RvTis siyvaruliT Seuorgulebelma batoniSvilma<br />
vaxtangma~ Tavis garSemo Semoikriba qarTuli eklesiis, sityvisa da<br />
kulturis didi moamageni, Seakrebina maT qarTveli xalxis mravali saukunis<br />
namuSevari wminda werilis, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tu `vefxistyaosnis~<br />
dafantuli furclebi, Seaswavlina isini da gamoacemina. vaxtangma agreTve<br />
Seagrova qarTuli samarTlis Zveli naSTebi da Zeglebi, Seadgina axali,<br />
daamtkicebina krebas isini da gamosca mTliani `samarTlis wignTa krebulis~<br />
saxiT.
ogorc vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulis SesavalSia naTqvami, am<br />
epoqis qarTlis WeSmariti ganmanaTlebeli, e.i. yoveli axali erovnuli ideis<br />
momwodebeli iyo mefe giorgi XI _ `mze simarTlisa~, romelmac `qveyanaTa<br />
amaT qarTlisaTa mohfina naTeli~ 555 . mefe giorgim ineba da `mosca Tavis<br />
wilad taxtsa zeda gamgeblad qarTlisad~ batoniSvili vaxtangi, romelmac<br />
`igula da igulismodgina da Semokribna yovelni wignni samarTlisani,<br />
romelni JamTa viTarebiTa TviToeulad mimodabneuli iyo. es yoveli moiZia,<br />
ipova da moiSova, mravliTa iZulebiTa da friadiTa SromiTa moiRo pirvel<br />
dabadebisa da gamosvlaTa samarTalni mosesmieri, romeli TviT RmerTman<br />
mosca da amcno...… meorisa Zieba hyo saberZneTiT, oTxTa patriarqTa mier<br />
qenebiTa wigni sasamarTloni, JamTa keisrisaTa... mesame moaRebina didisa<br />
somxeTisa mwyemsisa grigol ganmanaTlebelisa samarxos eCmiaZiniT somexT<br />
mefeTa wigni samarTlisani...… meoTxe, wmindaTa da marTlmadidebelTa<br />
qarTlis da afxazeTis kaTalikozTa RirsTa episkoposTagan ganwesebuli<br />
samarTali, mexuTe, didis mefeT-mefis giorgis mier Tqmulni samarTalni<br />
mopovnebul-yo, romliTa sjiden samnive ese samefoni qarTlisani. meeqvse,<br />
aRbuRa jayel-cixisjvarelisa Tqmulni ganaCenni da samarTalni, meSvide, amaT<br />
yovelTa Semdgomad aRwera TviT sibrZniT da gulisxmobiTa TvisiTa,<br />
damowmebiT da nebadarTviT TvisTa kaTalikoz-episkopoz da didebuldarbaiselTa,<br />
romeli aRwera TviToeulad yovelnive samarTalni, ufros<br />
saxmar da sargebel qarTlsa Sina amaT sxvaTaca~ 556 .<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samefoebs anu imJamindeli qarTlis,<br />
kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebs, es Zegli, samives erTad _ `qarTls~,<br />
`qarTlis samefoebs~ uwodebs 557 , esaa areali, sadac am samarTlis<br />
iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda.<br />
CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is, rom vaxtangma Tavisi<br />
SemoqmedebiTi samuSao Seafasebina da miaRebina krebas, romelic Sedgeboda –<br />
kaTalikosisa da episkoposebisagan. am krebas, iseve, rogorc saxelmwifo<br />
darbazis sxdomas, mefesa da umaRles ierarqebTan erTad eswrebodnen –<br />
didebulni da darbaiselni, vaxtangs maTi `damowmeba da nebadarTva~<br />
esaWiroeboda. am krebas, ramdenime sxdomisagan Semdgars unebebia damtkiceba<br />
da amoqmedeba samarTlis Zveli da axali normebisa - `damowmebiTa da<br />
nebadarTviT TvisTa kaTalikoz-episkopoz da didebul-darbaiselTa~ 556 ,<br />
rogorc wyaro aRniSnavs, am samarTlis kanonebis moZieba-SemuSavebis dros<br />
vaxtangs gverdiT edga cnobili mecnieri, kaTalikos-patriarqi domenti IV,<br />
agreTve mTavarepiskoposi grigoli, sxva mitropolit-episkopos-winamZRvarni<br />
da sasuliero pirebi.<br />
vaxtangi wers Tavisi samarTlis wignis SesavalSi: `nuravin hgonebT, TviT<br />
mxolod TaviT TvisTa rasame vyofdeT, aramed TanayoliTa da mowmobiTa<br />
mRvdelmTavrisa da didis dedaqalaqisa mcxeTisa da kvarTsa zedan sauflosa<br />
svetisa RvTiv aRmarTebulisa da miron-aRmocenebulis, saWed-mpyroblisa da<br />
xarisxisa zedan mtkiced mdgomelisa Zmisa Cvenisa, batoniSvilis kaTalikosis<br />
domentisiTa, agreTve TanadgomiTa aragvis erisTviSvilis mTavarepiskopozis<br />
grigoliTi da sxvaTa mitropolit-episkopoz-winamZRvarTa da<br />
saRmrToTaganTa~ 558 .<br />
Tavisi samarTlis bolosityvaSic vaxtangi Seaxsenebs momaval<br />
kaTalikosebs, episkoposebs, mitropolitebs, winamZRvrebs, mRvdlebs, sxva
sasuliero pirebs Semdegi droisa, rom mis naRvaw samarTals `mowmoba darTes<br />
erTa CvenTa srulebiT saRmrToTa da gina samxedroT aman... yovelmanve<br />
erTbaSad da ese esreT ars Semzadebuli~ 559 .<br />
safiqrebelia, rom vaxtangma domenti kaTalikosisa da grigoli<br />
episkoposis TanadgomiT moamzada kanonebi, e.i. Seamzada e.w. `samarTali<br />
batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~. amis Semdgom maT da sagangebod Seqmnilma komisiam<br />
moiZies sxva qristiani erebis samarTlis wignebi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba<br />
daeTmo bizantiuri samarTlis wignebs. Semdeg ki mTeli krebuli krebam<br />
daamtkica.<br />
komisiam upirvelesad saeklesio samarTlis erT-erTi umTavresi wyaro<br />
`friadi SromiT moiRo~. esaa e.w. `moses samarTali~. komisiisaTvis<br />
gansakuTrebuli interesis sagans warmoadgenda imperatorTa droindeli<br />
bizantiuri samarTali, romelic Tavis droze ara mxolod saqveyno, aramed<br />
upirvelesad saeklesio samarTlis kodeqss warmoadgenda. bizantiis imperiis<br />
damxobis Semdegac, `igi moqmed samarTlad iTvleboda bizantiuri<br />
civilizaciis qveynebSi (saberZneTi, bulgareTi, moldaveTi, ruseTi,<br />
saqarTvelo, somxeTi da sxva), _ wers i. doliZe 560 – moqmed samarTalSi<br />
igulisxmeba bizantieli nomofilaqsis konstantine armenopulos naSromi -<br />
`eqvsi wigni~ 561 .<br />
vaxtangis mier gamocemuli bizantiuri samarTlis mixedviT Sedgenili<br />
`berZnuli samarTlis~ qarTuli versiis umTavres nawils Seadgens<br />
armenopulos `eqvsi wignidan~ amokrebili kanonebi. mis meore nawils Seadgens<br />
Targmanebi maTeos blastaris sintagmidan. Tavis mxriv, armenopulo aRniSnavs,<br />
rom mis wyaros sxvasTan erTad warmoadgenda imperatorebis: basilis,<br />
konstantines da leonis proxironebi, sakanonmdeblo aqtebidan amonakrebi,<br />
agreTve mefeTa wignis (basilikis) Semokleba (sinopsisi) da sasamarTlo<br />
praqtika, imperatorebis dadgenilebebi, leon brZenis novelebis krebuli,<br />
leonisa da konstantines 18 titulovani ekloga, cxadia, umTavresi wyaroa<br />
mociqulTa da saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi, sasinodo da <strong>sapatriarqos</strong><br />
dadgenilebebi 562 .<br />
alfabeturi sintagmis avtoric, maTeos blastari Tavis naSromis wyarod<br />
iyenebs saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebs da kanonebs, romis samarTlis<br />
wyaroebs leon brZenis bazilikamde 563 . qarTuli `samarTali berZnulis~<br />
SesavalSic asevea naTqvami: `leon brZnisa da konstantinesi da sxvaTa<br />
xelmwifeTa mier Tqmuli~ 564 . es Sesavali da misi 1-eli muxli warmoadgens<br />
armenopulos `eqvsi wignis~ Sesavals 565 . i. doliZe eyrdnoba vl. sokolskis<br />
daskvnebs, rom berZnuli kanonebis qarTuli Targmani warmoadgens blastaris<br />
sintagmisa da armenopulos `eqvsi wignis~ kompilacias. es ukanasknelni<br />
berZnul-romauli samarTlis mTavari krebulebi iyo da iyenebdnen bizantiis<br />
gviandel epoqaSi. blastaris sintagmas sasuliero, xolo armenopulos<br />
naSroms _ saero sasamarTloebSi. rogorc cnobilia, miuxedavad Turqebis<br />
mier bizantiis dapyrobisa, mainc osmaleTis imperiaSi berZnuli da,<br />
sabolood marTlmadidebluri mosaxleobis saeklesio da samoqalaqo<br />
saqmeebis iurisdiqcia mTlianad konstantinopolis <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>a da berZen<br />
sasuliero xelisufalTa xelSi moeqca, amitomac praqtikuli saWiroebisaTvis<br />
osmaleTSi marTlmadidebluri saeklesio xelisuflebis mier gakeTda
yoveldRiuri xmarebisaTvis saWiro blastaris sintagmisa da armenopulos<br />
`eqvsi wignis~ mokle kompilacia. bizantiis imperiis dacemis Semdeg, rogorc<br />
aRiniSna, saeklesio iurisdiqcia gavrcelda marTlmadidebeli mosaxleobis<br />
saero saqmeebzedac, radganac eklesiis xelSi moeqca marTlmadidebeli<br />
mosaxleobis samoqalaqo iurisdiqcia 566 , amitomac erT mTlian korpusad<br />
gaerTianebuli iuridiuli krebulebi, romelSic saeklesio da saero<br />
samarTali Sedioda – didi upiratesobiT sargeblobda. swored aseTi<br />
krebuli mouZiebia vaxtangis komisias yofil bizantiaSi, anu imdroindel<br />
osmaleTSi. ramdenimewliani Ziebis Semdeg, samarTlis wigni berZnulidan<br />
gadmouTargmnia kvipriane samTavnel episkoposs. `berZnuli samarTlis~<br />
mkvlevaris, T. bregaZis azriT, mis wyaros warmoadgens blastaris sintagma,<br />
armenopulos wignebidan CanamatebiT. am xelnaweris qarTuli Targmani atarebs<br />
gamokrebil xasiaTs. Targmani kvipriane samTavnels unda Seesrulebina, am<br />
episkoposma domenti kaTalikosis brZanebiT Targmna `kurTxeva eklesiisa~,<br />
imave kaTalikosis brZanebiT samarTlis zogierT muxls gaukeTa minaweri 567 .<br />
aqedan Cans, rom vaxtang VI-sTan erTad aqtiurad muSaobda samarTlis<br />
wignebze kaTalikos-patriarqi domenti IV, episkoposi grigoli aragvis<br />
erisTavis Svili da agreTve episkoposi kvipriane samTavneli. kaTalikosepiskoposebis<br />
aqtiuri muSaoba berZnul-bizantiuri saeklesio-samoqalaqo<br />
samarTlis wyaroebis Zieba-Targmnisas miuTiTebs, Tu ra aqtiurad iRvwoda<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia samarTlis sferoSi XVII s-is bolos da XVIII s-is<br />
dasawyisSi.<br />
komisiam ineba da agreTve moiZia e.w. `siriul-romauli samarTali~,<br />
romelic im droisaTvis arsebobda somxur enaze da daculi iyo eCmiaZinis<br />
sakaTalikoso wignTsacavSi. igi am droisaTvis gaerTianebuli yofila erT<br />
samarTlis krebulad, mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignTan erTad. ori weli<br />
Targmnidnen `somxuri samarTlis wigns~ da mis safuZvelze Seqmnes e.w.<br />
`somxuri samarTlis qarTuli versia~. igi, rogorc iTqva, ori nawilisagan<br />
Sedgeba, esaa siriul-romauli samarTlis qarTuli versia da mxiTar goSis<br />
samarTlis qarTuli versia. masSi sul 431 muxlia. siriul-romauli<br />
samarTali, vl. sokolskis kvlevis Tanaxmad, Sedgenili yofila V saukuneSi<br />
da es iuridiuli krebuli Zveli droidan moqmedebda ara mxolod somxeTSi,<br />
aramed saqarTveloSic 568 . igi V_VI saukuneebSi mcire aziis saxelmwifoebSic<br />
yofila gavrcelebuli, viTarca bizantiis gavlenis qveS myof qveynebSi.<br />
siriul-romaul kanonebs gavlena mouxdenia mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignze<br />
(prof. s. samuelianis azriT) 3 , mas `Zlevamosil qristian mefeTa konstantines,<br />
Teodosis da leonis kanonebs~ uwodebdnen 569 . i. doliZis azriT, SesaZloa es<br />
siriul-romauli kanonebi Zvelad qarTuladac iyo naTargmni. magram igi<br />
dakargula da amitomac vaxtangis komisias xelmeored uTargmnia mxiTar<br />
goSis samarTlis wignTan erTad 569 . cxadia, marTlmadidebeli bizantiis<br />
saxelmwifosa da misi imperatorebis kanonebi gamosayenebeli iyo saeklesio<br />
sferoSi ZvelTaganve.<br />
riT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignis CarTva<br />
vaxtangis krebulSi? b. aruTinianis azriT, samarTlis wigns `naxevrad<br />
sakanonmdeblo, naxevrad moZRvruli xasiaTi hqonda da modave mxareTa da<br />
mosamarTleTa neba-survilze iyo damokidebuli eRiarebinaT da gamoeyenebinaT
igi Tu ara~ 570 . i. doliZis azriT, samarTlis wignSi Setanili normebi da<br />
wesebi moqmed samarTals warmoadgenda, Tumca isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom TviTon<br />
vaxtang VI miuTiTebda da urCevda mosamarTleebsa da msajulebs<br />
gamoeyenebinaT ara ucxouri samarTali, aramed qarTuli, anu vaxtangis<br />
samarTali. amis mizezad vaxtangi asaxelebs im garemoebas, rom qarTvelebis<br />
`wesi da qceva~ gansxvavdeba sxva qveynebis `rigisa da qceulobisagan~.<br />
amitomac ucxouri samarTali `Cvenda uxmar ars~, Tumca ki samarTlis wignSi<br />
isini `SemoklebiT moipovebian~. vaxtangi wers, rom Cveni qveynisaTvis<br />
sasargebloa da umjobesia mis mier SemuSavebuli da krebis mier<br />
damtkicebuli samarTlis gamoyeneba571 .<br />
osmaleTis kanonebis Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva religiuri Temis wevrebi<br />
osmaleTSi rogorc samoqalaqo, ise saeklesio sferoSic eqvemdebarebodnen<br />
sakuTar samarTals. amiT iyo gamowveuli, rom yirimsa da osmaleTSi arsebul<br />
sxva somxur koloniebSi mxiTar goSis samarTali moqmed samarTals<br />
warmoadgenda, cxadia, somxebisaTvis. sakuTari samarTlis moqmedebis es sfero<br />
somxebma gaavrceles sxva qveynebSi mcxovreb somxebzec, magaliTad,<br />
poloneTSi. isidore doliZis azriT, mxiTar goSis samarTliT<br />
xelmZRvanelobda saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi somexi mosaxleoba, gansakuTrebiT<br />
_ vaWarTa fena570 .<br />
Tu es mosazreba misaRebia, maSin <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebis mier<br />
somxuri samarTlis kanonebis ganxilva gamowveuli unda yofiliyo qarTuli<br />
eklesiis samarTlebrivi iurisdiqciis sferoSi sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis<br />
mqone mTeli qveynis mosaxleobis moqceviT. qarTuli saxelmwifo udgenda<br />
Tavis moqalaqe araqarTvelebs TavianTi eTnikur-aRmsareblobiTi niSnis<br />
Sesabamis kanonebs.<br />
vaxtang VI-m da komisiam krebas warudgines <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio<br />
sakanonmdeblo krebis kanonebi, cnobili `kaTalikozTa samarTlis~ saxeliT.<br />
`kaTalikozTa samarTali mTel saqarTveloSi moqmedi saeklesio sjuli iyo,<br />
radgan igi damyarebuli iyo `sjulis kanonze~, romelic ZvelTaganve<br />
moqmedebda saqarTveloSi. es kargad icoda vaxtangis sakodifikacio komisiam,<br />
romelmac komisiis wevris saeklesio sjulmdeblobis didi mcodnis<br />
kaTalikoz domentis dasturiT es Zegli samarTlis wignTa krebulSi Seitana,<br />
riTac kvlav daadastura misi moqmedeba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, marTalia,<br />
kaTalikozTa samarTali Sedgenili iyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi, magram igi<br />
mTeli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio weswyobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Zeglia572 .<br />
i. doliZe wers _ `specialur literaturaSi kaTalikozTa kanonebs<br />
biWvinTis saydris iadgars adareben da mas xsenebuli kanonebis damatebad<br />
Tvlian. es azri ekuTvnis prof. al. xaxanaSvils~ 573 . es azri al. xaxanaSvilma<br />
gamoTqva Tavis `gujrebSi~ (1891, gv. 124-125) da werilSi - “Дополнение к<br />
грузинским каталикосовым законом~ 574 . maTSi gamoTqvams imave azrs, rom biWvinTis<br />
gujari (iadgari) warmoadgens `kaTalikozTa kanonebis~ damatebas. Tavis mxriv,<br />
es gujari dgeboda TandaTanobiT, oTxi saukunis ganmavlobaSi da Tavisi<br />
axlandeli saxe miiRo ara uadres XVIII saukunis pirveli meoTxedisa.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom biWvinTis iadgaris mixedviT, biWvinTis saydari mefeTa<br />
(imereTis) sakuTrebadaa miCneuli _ `saydari maTi ars~ 575 . meore muxli icavs<br />
taZars `didebulis, Tavadis an aznauris~ ymis mier gatexisagan. gamtexis
qoneba saydars unda darCenoda. mekobre da misi mebatone ki Zelze unda<br />
gaesvaT. sul 27 muxlia, romlebic icavs sakaTalikosos qonebas, glexebs,<br />
ymebs da mamuls, pirutyvs, jogs, `saydris Svilebs~, saydris `moxeleebs~,<br />
`kaTalikosis kacs~, `zurgiT mzidav xars, sefe xars~, `moxeleTa kacs~,<br />
`kaTalikozis yma-msaxurs~, `saydris moinales~, `biWvinTis garSemo sofelsa<br />
da glexebs~, `agarakebs~, sxva soflebs, `metoq monastrebs~, qalaqebs, imaTSi<br />
mcxovreb glexebs, msaxurebs, moinaleebs, `soflis kacebs~, `cols~, `qals~,<br />
venaxs, `saydris ymebs~, ymis mejinibes, mesadiles, mwyemss, krZalavs `biWvinTis<br />
wyalSi~ nadirobas (Tevzaobas). ramdenime muxlSi ganxilulia didebulis,<br />
Tavadis an aznauris mier `kaTalikosis gineba~, `episkoposis cema, xelT<br />
Sepyroba, avad gineba, upativoba~ da sxv. bolos, aRniSnulia `viTarca sxvaTa<br />
saydarTa uCinebulesi ars biWvinTis saydari, agreTve umetesi iadgari<br />
davdeviT da davamtkiceT mtkice brZanebiT ese~.<br />
biWvinTis iadgari, anu gujari SesaZloa marTlac damateba iyos<br />
`kaTalikozTa samarTlisa~, radganac zogierTi muxli, romlebic am<br />
ukanasknelSi bundovnadaa ganmartebuli, biWvinTis iadgarSi naTladaa<br />
gadmocemuli. magaliTad, kaTalikosTa samarTlis me-17 muxlis Tanaxmad,<br />
kaTalikosisa da episkoposTa ginebisaTvis sasjeli asea micemuli _ `vinca<br />
kaTalikozsa da episkopozs aginos da upatiuroba hkadros, ra rigadac<br />
sjulis kanonSi eweros, imrigad ganipatiJos~ 576 , magram moZebna imisa, Tu ra<br />
ewera `sjulis kanonSi~ moiTxovda Ziebasa da Sromas, amitomac biWvinTis<br />
iadgarSi imave danaSaulisaTvis sasjelis zoma pirdapiraa naCvenebi _ `vinca…<br />
kaTalikozsa aginos anu sacemrad waizidos, 50 glexi saydars daeurvos da<br />
kaTalikozsa ori sisxli daeurvos didisa SexvewiTa~ 577 . maSasadame,<br />
damnaSaves 50 glexi saydris sasargeblod unda CamorTmeoda, piradad<br />
kaTalikosis sasargeblod ki `ori sisxli~ unda gadaexada. aseve<br />
qorepiskoposis ginebisa da upativcemulo mopyrobisaTvis damnaSaves 12 glexi<br />
unda CamorTmeoda saydris sasargeblod, 300000 TeTri ki TviTon<br />
dazaralebuls unda gadascemoda. aseve ganmartebulia sxva muxlebic. Tumca<br />
isic unda iTqvas, rom kaTalikosTa samarTlis sfero ufro zogadyovlismomcvelia,<br />
magaliTad, igi ganixilavs da debs sasjels tyveTa syidvis<br />
da eklesiis mkrexelTa winaaRmdeg. udebs kanonsa da sasjelebs episkoposebs,<br />
magaliTad, me-14 muxliT episkoposis mowinaaRmdege damnaSavis gasamarTlebis<br />
Semdeg mefes evaleboda misi dasja. me-15 muxliT kaTalikosis mowinaaRmdege<br />
episkoposs, darigebaTa Semdgomac gamousworebels, mefe saydars CamoarTmevda.<br />
`kaTalikozTa samarTali~ ixilavs mefis moRalateTa, uRirsi mRvdlis<br />
makurTxevelTa, cud mosamarTleTa sasjelebs. agreTve debs sasjelebs<br />
`saydris mamulis gamoxumisaTvis~, `sjulis gamTavebelTa da<br />
gardamavalTaTvis~, `rZlis SerTvisaTvis~ da sxv.<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, radganac `kaTalikozTa samarTali~ saqarTveloSi<br />
moqmedi saeklesio sjuli iyo, igi ganixila vaxtangis komisiam da gadasca<br />
krebas dasamtkiceblad, amitomac igi Sevida vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa<br />
krebulSi.<br />
vaxtangis komisiam moiZia da sjuldebiT krebas gansaxilvelad gadasca<br />
meore sakanonmdeblo Zegli, romelic beqasa da aRbuRas samarTliTaa<br />
cnobili. Cveni azriT, rogorc `kaTalikozTa samarTali~ warmoadgenda XVI s-<br />
Si Catarebuli saeklesio krebis mier gamocemul kanonebs, aseve `beqasa da
aRbuRas~ samarTali warmoadgens Wulevis eklesiaSi Semdgar saeklesiosakanonmdeblo<br />
krebis mier Sedgenil samarTals, ukanaskneli ufro farTo<br />
moculobisaa da, Tavis mxriv, Seicavs beqasa da aRbuRas samarTlis garda,<br />
agreTve `bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis~ da TviTon Wulevis krebis mier<br />
gamocemul e.w. `kanonikur samarTals~. maSasadame, Cveni fiqriT, aRbuRa<br />
aTabag-amirspasalaris dros Wulevis taZarSi Semdgarma saeklesiosakanonmdeblo<br />
kreba-darbazobam, daaxloebiT 1295-1304 wlebSi, moiZia da<br />
ganixila misTvis saWiro Semdegi samarTlis wignebi: 1. bagrat kurapalatis<br />
samarTali; 2. beqa mandaturTuxucesis samarTali; 3. aRbuRa aTabagamirspasalaris<br />
samarTali; isini daamtkica da erT samarTlis wignad Sekra,<br />
bolos ki daurTo TviT krebis mier gamocemuli `kanonikuri samarTali~. es<br />
samarTlis wignebi Wulevis krebam ara qronologiuri wesis mixedviT, aramed,<br />
Cans, moqmedi samarTlebrivi sicocxlisunarianobis Sesabamisad daalaga;<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, vaxtangis komisiam moiZia es krebuli, romelic `beqasa da<br />
aRbuRas samarTlis~ saxeliT da ara Wulevis krebis samarTliT iyo cnobili<br />
da gadasca vaxtang mefis karze moqmed krebas da vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa<br />
krebulSi CarTo.<br />
vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebuli agreTve Seicavs gaerTianebuli<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samefos RvTivgvirgvinosan mefeTa mier Sedgenil samarTlis<br />
wignTagan SemorCenil giorgi brwyinvales `Zeglis dadebas~. es iyo<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mTianeTisaTvis sagangebod Sedgenili sjulmdebloba. igi<br />
adgilobrivi xasiaTis sakanonmdeblo Zeglia, magram <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> daSlis<br />
Semdeg erT dros barisaTvis Seuferebeli da Seusabamo kanonebi,<br />
daqveiTebuli da danawevrebuli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kuTxeebisaTvis moqmed<br />
samarTlad iqca _ `romliTa sjidnen samnive ese samefoni qarTlisani~.<br />
vaxtangis komisiam, rogorc aRiniSna, igi CarTo Tavis samarTlis<br />
krebulSi.<br />
gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa am krebulSi CarTuli `samarTali<br />
batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~. mkvlevarTa erTi nawilis azriT, am krebulSi<br />
marTalia Setanilia sxvadasxva erovnuli da ucxo Zegli, magram<br />
savaldebulo Zala mxolod sakuTriv vaxtangis kanonebs hqondaT. krebulSi<br />
Sesuli moses, berZnul da somxur samarTals mxolod damxmare samarTlis<br />
funqcia hqonda. TviTon vaxtangis samarTalze didi gavlena mouxdenia<br />
bizantiur samarTals.<br />
bizantiuri samarTlis gavlena rogorc qarTul, ise sxva<br />
marTlmadidebeli qveynebis samarTalze, Turqebis mier konstantinopolis<br />
dapyrobis Semdegac ar Sewyvetila, `piriqiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is<br />
erTgvarad kidec gaZlierda. saqarTveloSi gavrcelda da gamoiyeneboda<br />
rogorc yvelaze Zveli (siriul-romauli), ise berZnul-romauli samarTlis<br />
erT-erTi gviandeli Zegli, rac mowmobs saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi berZnulromauli<br />
samarTlis mudmivsa da uwyvet gavlenas <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samarTlebriv<br />
wyobilebaze. am mxriv saqarTveloSi ganmeorda yvela is movlena, romelsac<br />
adgili hqonda aRmosavleTis sxva marTlmadidebel qveynebSi~ 578 . sokolskis<br />
msgavsad, prof. al. xaxanaSvilis azriT, saqarTveloSi moqmedebda berZnuli<br />
(e.i. bizantiuri) samarTali da didi gavlena hqonda qarTul samarTalze, maT<br />
Soris, vaxtangis kanonebzec. al. xaxanaSvilis azriT, qarTul `sigelebSi<br />
xSirad naxavT miTiTebebs berZenTa kanonebze~ 579 . rogorc al. xaxanaSvili
aRniSnavs, vaxtangis samarTlis krebulSi CarTuli berZnuli samarTlis 153,<br />
166 da 172 muxlebidan momdinareobs batonymobis mkacri xasiaTi vaxtangis<br />
samarTlis wignis 235-e, 258-e da 259-e muxlebSi, romlebic ymis uuflebo<br />
mdgomareobas akanonebs. al. xaxanaSvils miaCnia, rom bizantiis samarTlis<br />
didi gavlena qarTul kulturasa da kanonmdeblobaze aisaxa vaxtangis<br />
kanonebSi, magaliTad, misi samarTlis wignis 25-e muxlSi dakanonebuli<br />
principi _ `mefisa da kaTalikosis saqme…orisave swori ars da aRbuRas<br />
kanonebis 102-e muxlis norma `meore mefe episkopozi ars~ bizantiuri<br />
samarTlis normebia. bizantiam kidev ufro meti gavlena daaCnia saqarTveloSi<br />
qorwinebis, colqmrobis kavSirisa da ojaxis safuZvlebis ganmtkicebas~ 580 .<br />
rusi mecnieris m. kovalevskis azriT, `qarTuli saojaxo da saqorwilo<br />
samarTali mTlianad nasesxebia bizantiuri kanonikuri samarTlidan. romisa<br />
da bizantiis samarTalma didi gavlena moaxdina qalis uflebriv<br />
mdgomareobaze qarTul samarTalSi. beqasa da aRbuRas kanonebiT,<br />
qurdobisaTvis dasaxelebuli ormagi sazRauri nasesxebia romis<br />
samarTlidan~ 581 .<br />
vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebulSi SesulTagan savaldebulo Zala<br />
mxolod vaxtangis kanonebs hqondaT. germaneli mkvlevaris d. holdakis azriT,<br />
ufro adre igive azri gamoTqva haqsthauzenma 582 .<br />
al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, `vaxtangis krebulSi Sesuli sxva iuridiuli<br />
Zeglebi dadebiTi samarTlis damxmare wyaros warmoadgendnen. moqmedi<br />
samarTali mxolod da mxolod vaxtangis debulebiT ar amoiwureboda,<br />
vaxtangis debuleba sargeblobda upiratesobiT, magram sasamarTlos hqonda<br />
kompilaciis sxva normebis Sefardebis ufleba, Tu amas saWiroeba<br />
moiTxovda~ 583 .<br />
iv. surgulaZe ki miiCnevda, rom `vaxtangis samarTlis wigni Sedgenili<br />
qarTlis samefo darbazis monawileobiT moqmedebda mTel saqarTveloSi~ 584 .<br />
isidore doliZis azriT, XVIII da XIX saukunis sasamarTlo aqtebi<br />
metyvelebs, rom vaxtangis samarTlis wigni moqmedi samarTali iyo, romelsac<br />
kanonis Zala hqonda 585 .<br />
vaxtangis samarTalze gavlena mouxdenia Zvel saqarTveloSi arsebul<br />
sakanonmdeblo Zeglebs, amitomac igi qarTuli erovnuli samarTlis yvelaze<br />
srulyofili Zegli da marTlmsajulebis ZiriTadi saxelmZRvanelo wigni iyo<br />
gvianfeodalur saqarTveloSi 586 . iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, Zvel saqarTveloSi<br />
vaxtangamdec arsebobda ucxo qveynebis sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis qarTuli<br />
Targmanebi, maT Zveladac aerTianebdnen sxva qarTul ZeglebTan erT<br />
krebulSi 587 . berZnuli da somxuri samarTlis wignebi ueWvelad winaTac<br />
iqneboda, maTi arseboba vaxtangs ar scodnia da xelaxla<br />
gadmouqarTulebia 588 . d. furcelaZe sigel-gujrebis Seswavlis Semdeg mivida<br />
daskvnamde, rom qarTveli mosamarTleebi saqmis ganxilvisa da<br />
gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas sargeblobdnen vaxtangis krebulSi Setanili<br />
berZnuli da somxuri kanonebiT 589 . amasve werda daviT batoniSvilic, giorgi<br />
XIII-is Ze, qarTuli samarTlis istoriis saukeTeso mcodne 590 .<br />
`samarTali vaxtang batoniSvilisa~ rogorc Cans, Tavdapirvelad,<br />
mTavrdeboda 204-e muxliT, romelsac mosdevda bolosityvaoba. SesavalSi
vaxtangi aRniSnavs, rom igi umciresi iyo ZmaTa Soris, ineba `Tavad man<br />
ufalman gamoavlina piriTa utyueliTa brZaneba codvilTa mowyaleba da...…myo<br />
me msajulad da gamged~ RvTismSoblis wilxvdomili qveynisa~ 591 . vaxtangi,<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, werda, rom samarTlis wignebi Seadgina `TanayoliTa da<br />
mowmobiTa~ domenti IV kaTalikosisa. aseve aragvis erisTavis Svilis<br />
mTavarepiskoposis grigolisa da sxva mitropolitis, episkoposebis,<br />
winamZRvrebis, sasuliero pirebis TanadgomiT. saerTod ara marto sasuliero<br />
ierarqiis, aramed saxelmwifo darbazis TanamonawileobiTa da damtkicebiT _<br />
`mowmobiTa da TanazraxviT… yovelTa darbazis erTa CvenTaTa~ 592 .<br />
maSasadame, saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomebze ixileboda vaxtangis kanonebi,<br />
romelmac sabolood miiRo igi. saxelmwifo darbazi, rogorc aRiniSna,<br />
rodesac saeklesio sakiTxebs ixilavda da darbazobaSi monawileobda<br />
umaRlesi ierarqia, imavdroulad warmoadgenda saeklesio krebas kaTalikosis<br />
meTaurobiT. maSasadame, vaxtangis kanonebi miiRo saeklesio krebamac, es<br />
kanonebi imave dros saeklesio samarTlis normebia, radganac misi mravali<br />
muxli swored saeklesio sakiTxebs eZRvneba. sazogadod, samarTlis dadgenis<br />
procesSi kaTalikosisa da episkoposebis monawileoba iuridiuli normaa.<br />
magaliTad, zogierTi muxli pirdapir miuTiTebs maT Carevas, 64-e muxliT<br />
gansazRvrulia colis mtanjveli kacis mefis mier dasja da miTiTebulia: `da<br />
kaTalikozmac asre uyos~ 593 . iqve miTiTebulia `is kaTalikozman icis~, muxli<br />
65 _ `tanjva hyos kaTalikozman~, muxli 66, _ `kaTalikozman wurTniT unda<br />
Searigos~ muxli 79 _…`kaTalikozman da mefem gardaaxdevinos~, `moZRvarman<br />
icis misi sakanoni~ 594 . muxli 96-e `es saqme kaTalikozma da mefem didad unda<br />
moikiTxon~, muxli 97-e `kaTalikozisagan gardaexdevineba~ da sxv. mTeli Tavi<br />
aqvs daTmobili episkoposis sakiTxs, magaliTad, muxli 175-Si naTqvamia, rom<br />
saqarTveloSi episkoposebis Semosavali mcirea da isini ar arian didi<br />
qonebis patronebi, radganac `saqarTvelo Raribi da usaqonlo qveyana aris,<br />
agre rigad arc xelmwifis Semosavali aris, verc amas episkoposis Zma da<br />
saxlis kaci episkoposisagan iSoebs rasme misgan~ 595 . aseve sagangebo Tavi<br />
eZRvneba sasjels `qveynisa da rjulis RalatisTvis~. magaliTad, muxli 222-e<br />
ambobs _ `vinc kacman qveyanas da qristes rjuls uorgulos… RvTisa da<br />
batonis orisav mesisxle iqnebis~ 596 .<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania vaxtangis samarTalSi mocemuli pativis<br />
normebi, romliTac saeklesio pirebi mikuTvnebulni arian qveynis sxvadasxva<br />
ierarqiul fenas. magaliTad, 25-e muxlis Tanaxmad _`mefisa da kaTalikozis<br />
saqme, ukadrisi Tu rac ram feri, orisave swori aris, imitom rome erTi<br />
xorcis xelmwife aris da meore sulisa, kurTxeva da pativic RvTisagan da<br />
kacTagan swore aqvT… maTi saqme Cven swored dagviweria~. 26-e muxliT<br />
mTavarepiskoposi pativiT gaTanabrebulia didebul TavadTan, 27-e muxliT<br />
episkoposi pativiT gaTanabrebulia Sua TavadTan; 28-e muxliT arqimandritis<br />
pativi gaTanabrebulia mesame xarisxis TavadTan; winamZRvaris pativi tolia<br />
gadidebuli aznaurisa, mRvdel-monazvnis pativi Sua aznaurTan aris<br />
gaTanabrebuli, mRvdlis pativi _ calmogvi aznauris pativis tolia (III<br />
xarisxis aznauri, romelic utoldeba meore xarisxis vaWars). mTavardiakvnis<br />
pativi msaxuris pativis tolia, romelic utoldeba mesame xarisxis vaWars.<br />
(mitropolitis sisxli mTavarepiskoposis sisxlis mexuTeds Seadgens) 597 .
vaxtangis kanonebi XIX s-is dasawyisSic ki gamoiyeneboda saqarTveloSi<br />
rusuli mmarTvelobis nebiT, amitomac mis, rogorc imperiis erT kuTxeSi<br />
moqmedi samarTlis mimarT xelisufleba interess iCenda. igi iTargmna<br />
rusulad da 1828 wels gamoica peterburgSi mmarTveli senatis mier.<br />
frangulad igi Targmna mari brosem XIX s-is 30-ian wlebSi. 1887 wels meore<br />
rusuli gamocema ganaxorciela d. baqraZem q. TbilisSi. frangi rodolf<br />
darestis TqmiT, vaxtangis kanonebi `erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso Zeglia<br />
samarTlis istoriaSi~ 598 . igi warmoadgens ara mxolod samoqalaqo, aramed<br />
saeklesio samarTlis erT-erT wyaros, amitomac misi Seqmna SemuSavebis<br />
droidan dRemde <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis istoriis mkvlevarTa Seswavlis<br />
obieqts warmoadgens.<br />
samarTali batonisSvilis vaxtangisa<br />
[amokrebili muxlebi]<br />
q. myofisa umyofisa, arsisa da uarsisa damaarsisa, mqebi, araTu Rirsad da<br />
SeZlebisa Cemisaebr mqebeli da mmonebeli, udebad mqone mpovnel viqmen.<br />
viTarca mefeni, dRiTi-dRe mrevelni ГelTa margalitTa Sina, da hpoeben<br />
mZivTa raTame, da uxilvelobisaTvis aRiReben da STasdeben saunjed,<br />
patiosanTa SemkobiT upatiosned margalitTa hyofen, egreTve ufalman Cvenman,<br />
mbadman yovelTaman da sibrZniT gamgebelman, mpova margalitTa Sina mravalTa<br />
da aRmiRo msgavsad Гmisa amis meca egreTve, _ umcires viyav me ZmaTa CemTa<br />
Soris da umrwmes saxlisa Cemisa, da vmwysidi Tavsa Cemsa ugunurad da<br />
TavГedad, Гelni Cemni iyvnen moqmed araris keTilisa, da TiTni Cemni vera<br />
romelsa iSromebden nebasa uflisasa, aramed iyvnen uqm. vinme miuTxra esodeni<br />
borotni Cemni ufalsa Cemsa.<br />
xolo Tavadman ufalman gamoavlina piriTa utyueliTa bZaneba, codvilTa<br />
mowyaleba, da aRmiRo me unarCevesobasa saxlisa Cemisagan da myo me msajulad<br />
da ganmged wilГdomilTa queyanaTa ubiwod mSobelisa dedisa Tvisisa araTu
qmnilebaTa raTame keTilTa CemTaTvis, aramed unarCevesobisa CemisaTvis,<br />
amisTvismca, raTa scnan yovelTa, raTa uswavlelTa da umecarTagan sTnavs da<br />
nebavs srulmyofelsa R ЦTsa maradis gonebakeTilisa.<br />
iyo queyana ese qarTlisa yovliTurT keTiliTa Semkul da Sezavebul,<br />
xolo cvalebiTa dReTa da viTarebiTa JamTaTa TviT sibrZniT da TaviT<br />
TvisiT sjiden da ganagebden, vieTnime moyusobiT, vieTnime megobrobiT,<br />
vieTnime moridebiT, vieTnime R ЦTis uridvelobiT da vieTnime miRebiTa<br />
qrTamiTa, _ viTarca enebaT, sjiden.<br />
xolo Cven, nebiTa R ЦTisaTa da wyalobiTa didis ГelmwifisaTa,<br />
pirveliTganve zeciT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefed gankuTnilisa da aw sasufevel caTa<br />
Sina sulbrwyinulad manaTobelisa, pirvel vaxtang wodebulisa, xolo<br />
Semdgomad sparsTa eniTa Sahnavaz Гmobilisa,<br />
Zisa misisa, sruliad qeba-SemsgavsebiT Zniad misaTxrobelisa qarTvelTa<br />
mefisa da eranelTa sfadar-spasalarisa, amilbar-spaspetisa, uTvalavisa da<br />
uamravis spisa da laSqris mewinaved Cenilisa, uvneblad da mterze ZleviT<br />
maarebelisa, yandaarisa da qirmanis beglarbegisa, giriSqisa da hailaTis<br />
mWiravisa, Zlierisa da uZlevelisa, pirvel giorgi wodebulisa da aw maRlis<br />
Гelmwifisagan wyalobiT meore SahnavazobiT Гmobilisa,<br />
magierad myofman, Zeman eranis mdivanbegis levan Гmobilisa, aw Sahyulixan<br />
wodebulisaman, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> janiSinman da gamgebelman batoniSvilman<br />
patronman vaxtang, winaTqmulTa amisTvis viwadeT sasamarTlosa wignisa<br />
aRwera.<br />
pirvel `dabadebisa~, moses mier qmnili samarTalni, da kvalad berZenTa<br />
da somexTa wignTagan gardmoTargmnebuli, egreTve kaTalikozisa, mefis<br />
giorgisa da beqas ganCinebuli samarTlebi SevkribeT da ese yoveli zemore<br />
werebulman gamcnosT.<br />
xolo eseca scanT, iguleT da igulismodgineT, da romelic genebosT da<br />
umjobes giCndesT, miT sjideT da samarTalsa iqmodeT.<br />
aw viwyoT ganaCenisa amis, Cven mier aRwerilisaTvis.<br />
romelni ixilavT da ismenT, nuravin hgonebT, TviT mxolod TaviT TvisiT<br />
rasame vyofdeT, aramed TanayoliTa da mowmeobiTa mRdel-mTavrisa da didis<br />
dedaqalaqisa mcxeTisa da kvarTsa zedan sauflosa svetisa R ЦTiv<br />
aRmarTebulisa da miron-aRmocenebulis, saWed-mpyrobelisa da ГarisГsa zedan<br />
mtkiced mdgomelisa, Zmisa Cvenisa, batoniSvilis kaTalikozis domentisiTa,<br />
egreTve TanadgomiTa aragvis erisTviSvilis mTavarebiskopozis<br />
grigoliTi da sxvaTa mitrapolit-ebiskopoz-winamZRvarTa da samRrToganTaTa,<br />
da mowmeobiTa da TanazraxviTa muxranis batonis erekleTi, aragvis<br />
erisTavis giorgiTa, qsnis erisTvis daviTisiTa, orbeliZe sardris<br />
luarsabiTa, amilaxoris avTandiliTa, mdivanbegis erastiTa da sxvaTa<br />
yovelTa darbazis erTa CvenTaTa,<br />
da kiTxviTa WkuaTa myofelTa da moxucebulTa kacTaTa gavaCineT da<br />
davwereT, romelsa mivwvdiT da anu gonebani Cvenni samarTalTa mixudnen.<br />
amiT ufro viqmeniT mizez wignisa amis, rameTu aRaravin gandrikos<br />
sasworsa samarTlisasa qrTamiT, gina moyusobiT anu sxvefriv riTme<br />
midgomiTa, aramed pirvel ganaCenni ixilon, da axali eseca, da romelic<br />
enebos mosamarTlesa, miT iqmodes samarTalsa.
me es wigni asre ar damiweria da arca viCemeb, rome ara akldes ra. bevri<br />
aseTi saCivrebi aris da mova, rome zogi ver movigoneT da arc miswudebis<br />
kacis goneba.<br />
vinc mixudes rasme da moigonos, CaurTos da Casweros, kargsa da<br />
marTebuls iqs.<br />
25. mefisa da kaTalikozis saqme, ukadrisi Tu rac ram feri, orisave<br />
swori aris, amitom rome erTi Гorcis Гelmwife aris da meore – sulisa,<br />
kurTxeva da pativic R ЦTisagan da kacTagan swore aqvT. dastur, mefes<br />
ufross pativs scemen, magrame Гorcielis SiSiT iqmonen. amitom maTi saqme<br />
Cven swored dagviweria. Tu ara sjobdes, vinc ukeT icodes, Cven nuras<br />
gvabralebs, iman daweros.<br />
numca vin ikadrebs da numca vis DSeemTxvevis eseviTari, romeli avnebs<br />
Гorcsa da umetesad sulsa, nuca samRTo kacisa da nuca sxvaTa ZeTa<br />
adamisaTa, _ romelsa me vГmob, eseviTari.<br />
nu Tu pirveliTganve samoTxidam pirvelisa mamis, adamis, gamomZebelman,<br />
dauZinebelman, maradis mbrZolman da mterman, uxilavman eSmakman TvisiTa<br />
manqanebiTa da sabrГe-gebiTa aRZras bunebani kacTani Surad da kulad<br />
kacisad, gina saRmToganTa zedan, gina Tu didebulTa da Tavadsa zedan anu<br />
Tu aznaurTa da glexTa zedan, anu Tu mama Zesa da Ze mamazeda, gina Zma<br />
Zmazeda da moyuasi moyuaszeda, - eseviTars saqmes SeemTxvios, mas ukan amis<br />
meti aRara gaewyobis ra, rogorc dagveweros, asre unda iqnas.<br />
26. didebulis Tavadis mTeli sikudilis sisxli – aTas xuTas<br />
ocdaTequsmeti Tumani. am didebulis Tavadis tolad – mTavarebiskopozis<br />
sisxli. am mTavarebiskopozis sisxlze mexuTed naklebad – mitropolitis<br />
sisxli.<br />
27. didebuls quemoTis, Suas Tavadis sisxli – Svidas samocdarva Tumani.<br />
amasTan, asre – didebulis saxlis kacis sisxli. amasTan, asre – ebiskopozis<br />
sisxli.<br />
28. amas quemoTs, mesames Tavadis sisxli – samas oTxmocdaoTxi Tumani.<br />
amasTan, asre – arqimandritis sisxli.<br />
29. gadidebulis aznauris sisxli – as oTxmocdaTormeti Tumani. amasTan<br />
asre – winamZRvris sisxli.<br />
30. amas quemoTis, Suas aznauris sisxli – oTxmocdaTequsmeti Tumani.<br />
amasTan, asre – mRdel-monoznis sisxli. amasTanve, amis mexuTed sisxldaklebiT,<br />
_ mwiris monoznisa. am Suas aznauris mTelis sisxlis toladve –<br />
didebulis didvaWris moqalaqis sisxli.<br />
31. calmogvis, mesames aznauris sisxli – ormocdarva Tumani, amasTan, asre<br />
– mRvdlis sisxli. amasTan – didebulis vaWris quemoTis, meores vaWris<br />
sisxli.<br />
32. amasTan, asre daklebiT, msaxuris sisxli – ocdaoTxi Tumani. amasTan –<br />
mTavar-diakvnis sisxli. amasTan – Suas vaWris quemoT, mesames vaWris sisxli.<br />
64. magram kaci rom cols stanjvides da upatiurad epyrobodes, da<br />
urigos uSurebodes, mefem is kaci daabas, datuqsos, avad miepyras da<br />
kaTalikozmac asre uyos.<br />
sxva amas garda Tu ram col-qrmobaSi urigo ram moГdes, is kaTalikozman<br />
icis.
65. Tu colman qmari moklas anu wamliT anu, sxva riTme, gasinjeT,<br />
risTvis mouklavs. Tu aseTi ram eqnas, rom emarTlebodes, Tqven iciT; da Tu<br />
ubralo mokla, egec Tqven iciT. R ЦTn nu qnas, da Tu Cvens JamSi moГda, Cven<br />
viciT.<br />
Tu colman qmars an sces, an daWras, didi gvema da tanjva uyos<br />
kaTalikozman.<br />
66. coli da qmari ragind sZulden erTmaneTsa, ubralod gayra ar iqnebis,<br />
kaTalikozma wurTniT unda Searigos.<br />
79. agreve moГdeba, ded-mamaSi sxvac ram umarTebulo moГdes. Tu gamoCndes,<br />
kaTalikozma da mefem gardaaГdevinos; Tu ar gamoCndes, moZRvarma icis misi<br />
sakanono.<br />
106. sasaflao, xati, jvari, saydris mamuli erTia. Tu ar gahyofen, isi<br />
sjobs, saydris ymasa.<br />
[ebiskopozis beiTalmalisa asre iqnas] 175. ebiskopozis beiTalmali Cvens<br />
mixdomaSi srulobiT saydrisa unda iyos, magrame viTac saqarTvelo Raribi<br />
da usaqonlo queyana aris, agre rigad arc Гelmwifis Semosavali aris, verc<br />
aras ebiskopozis Zma da saxlis kaci ebiskopozisagan iSoebs rasme misgan,<br />
rome ebiskopozis damarxva SeiZlos, amitom uwinac ase yofila garigebuli da<br />
aRarc Cven movSaleT.<br />
asre iqnebodes. romelic saydris rigi da iaraRi ebizkopozs iq<br />
daxudomia, imas gardais kidev Tu TviTon Tavis JamSi an Tavis kondakiT da an<br />
saydris mamulidam saydrisaTvis gaukeTebia ram da Seuwiravs, is saydars ar<br />
moeSlebis.<br />
da imaT gareTad Tu ram darCebis TeTri, farCa, vercxli, puri, Rvino da<br />
pirutyui, imisgan erTi wili saГelmwifo aris, erTi wili saydrisa, erTi<br />
wili ebiskopozis Zmebisa, rom ebiskopozi damarxon.<br />
[bolosityvaoba]. q. TviT, TaviT TvisiT aRmometyueli wignisa amis<br />
samsajulosa da momRebeli winaSe yovelTa myofTa da yofadTa, Ze mefeTa da<br />
ganmgebeli qarTvelTa erTa, batoniSvili vaxtang, kualad vityvi Tquenda.<br />
eha, warCinebulno da R ЦTisa erTuflebisa da samTviTebis gulmГurvlad<br />
madidebelno da Seuorgulebulno sakuTarno mamano, kaTalikozno,<br />
ebiskopozno, mitrapolitno, winamZRvarno, mRrdelno da sxvano samRrToganno,<br />
da Semdgomad Cvenda mefeno, ufliswulno, didebulno, Tavadno, aznaurno da<br />
yovelno myofno qarTlisano, romelni hgiebT da kvalad sxvani egebodeT, da<br />
ixilevdeT naRvawTa da werebulTa wignTa amaT sasamarTloTa, Cven mier<br />
TqmulTa da Tqvenda momarT moRebulsa, pirvelve dasawyisman wignisa<br />
amisamanve gamcnosT da munve mogiTxrasT, Tu viTar mizez veqmeniT aRwerad<br />
TviToeulad samarTalTa.<br />
friadiTa SromiTa da mravlisa gamomeZieblobiTa TviT vigulismodgineT.<br />
romelsa zedan mowmoba darTes erTa CvenTa srulobiT samRrToTa da gina<br />
samГedroTaman, brZenman da monaxulman, yovelmanve erTbamad. da ese esreT ars<br />
Semzadebuli.<br />
xolo sxvanic zemore xsenebulni wignebi sasamarTloni didTa samefoTani,<br />
moviZieT da moviReviT, da mravlis sasjeliTa vidre welTa meoredmde
gardmovTargmneT. da iginica uklebelad aRgviweries da ars Semkobili<br />
yovlisa samarTliTa.<br />
aramed, vinaTgan qarTvelTa wesni da qcevani sxva rame ars da ara mihgavs<br />
sxvaTa queyanisa rigTa da qceulebaTa, sxva ars didebuli da Tavadi, sxva<br />
ars sisxli da sikudili, sxva ars Ralati da ukadrisi, amad eseviTarisa<br />
samarTalni sxvaTa ganaCenTa Sina moklebiT ipoebis da maTi wigni ufros<br />
Cvenda uГmar ars.<br />
nu siqadulad SemiracxavT, da vgonebT umjobesad yovelTasa wignsa amas,<br />
sasargeblod queyanisa amisad. amad nuravin sZulobs da iundovebs.<br />
aw viajebi yoelTa da isminon ese. romelman brZenman da<br />
gulisГmismyovelman msajulman da mosamarTleman aRmokveTisaTvin qrTamTa da<br />
miudgomlobisTvin moyuasTa da Tvaluxvavad sjaTa wvrTilebisaTvin<br />
imZulvaroT wigni ese da moiZagoT, da ineboT Secvla samarTalTa sxvebr<br />
raTme, amas nu hyofT, nuca garyvniT werilTa CvenTa, romeli aRgveweros.<br />
aramed romelman umjobesi sibrZniT TvisiT hpoos, igi CarTviT, Tvisve<br />
Tqmulad, sad enebos, mun daweros da igic egos.<br />
xolo romelman ara isminos vedreba ese da moSalos samarTlebi Cveni,<br />
sxvebr Secvalnes, codvaTa CvenTa mier igimca daisjebis.<br />
222. q. vinc kacma queyanas da qristes rjuls uorgulos, kidec xedevdes,<br />
imiT rjuli waГdebodes, imas miyues, _ R ЦTisa da batonisa orisav mesisxle<br />
iqnebis da yoveli avi imaze marTebuli aris 599 .<br />
8. Tbilisis III saeklesio krebis `kanonni~ (16.XI.1748 w.)<br />
1748 wlis 16 noembers mefe Teimurazis Zis erekle II-is brZanebiT mowveul<br />
iqna saeklesio kreba. es kreba warmoadgenda cdas aRdgeniliyo Zveli<br />
qarTuli saeklesio-saxelmwifoebrivi wesrigi. saqme is iyo, rom 1632 wlidan<br />
vidre 1744 wlamde sparsTa mier gauqmebuli iyo qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis
erovnuli saxe, qarTl-kaxeTs marTavdnen mahmadiani mmarTvelebi. erovnulqristianuli<br />
saeklesio-samoqalaqo erToba, romelsac ZvelqarTuli<br />
saxelmwifoebrioba efuZneboda, moispo. qarTlis mahmadiani mmarTvelebi<br />
`mSvidobiani cxovrebis~ niRbiT faravdnen erovnul-qarTuli suliskveTebis<br />
daTrgunvasa da Cakvlas. `SeeriaT qarTvelTa gancxroma, sma-Wama yizilbaSuri,<br />
siZva, mruSoba, tyuvili, xorcTa gansveneba, abano, keklucoba ugvani, meCange,<br />
mgosani. rameTu ama saqmeTa moqmedTagan kide aravis scemdnen pativsa~<br />
yizilbaSnio, _ wers vaxuSti batoniSvili. erovnuli tradiciebis Sinagani<br />
rRveva represiebze ufro metad saSiS movlenas warmoadgenda<br />
qarTvelebisaTvis 600 .<br />
qarTveloba gadagvarda, eklesiam dakarga Zveli saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
funqciebi da xalxis zneobazec gavlenas veRar axdenda. qveyana gairyvna,<br />
erovnuloba Seirya. qarTvelebma icodnen, rom mironcxebuli (e.i. qristiani)<br />
mefis taxtze asvla yvela am ubedurebas bolos mouRebda imiT, rom qarTuli<br />
saxelmwifo erovnul xasiaTs daibrunebda. SemuSavda sagangebo programa<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> `gamoxsnisa da aRdgomisa~, yvelaze mowinave Zalebi Cveni<br />
qveynisa `gamoxsnis~ qveS gulisxmobdnen mahmadianuri saxelmwifoebis<br />
uRlisagan <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> gaTavisuflebas da erovnul-qristianuli<br />
saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenas, xolo `aRdgomis~ qveS igulisxmeboda didi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> aRdgena `darubandidan nikofsiamde~ (e.i. gamahmadianebuli<br />
mesxeTis, saingilosa da afxazeTis dedasamSoblos wiaRSi dabruneba).<br />
marTlac, aswlovanma moRvaweobam Tavisi Sedegi gamoiRo. 1744 wlis 1<br />
oqtombers akurTxes qarTlis qristiani mefe Teimurazi, sveticxovelSi. esaa<br />
ubednieresi TariRi qarTuli erisa da eklesiis aTaswlovan cxovrebaSi.<br />
rogorc iTqva, mahmadianTa mmarTvelobisas yovelmxriv (sulierad da<br />
ekonomikurad) dauZlurda qarTuli eklesia. saWiro iyo saqmis swrafi<br />
gamosworeba, risTvisac didad uRvawia Cvens udides patriarqs anton I<br />
kaTalikoss. Cans, igi ramdenime wlis manZilze amzadebda saeklesio krebas.<br />
1748 wels, qristian mefeTa taxtis adRgenidan sul male, Sedga saeklesio<br />
kreba qalaq TbilisSi. krebis mizani Cans gamocemul kanonebSi, krebam aRniSna:<br />
`vinaidgan pirvel amaTsa warmarTni mefeni flobdes qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa<br />
da yovlobiTad ersa RmrTisasa da qristes cxovarTa ara avlendes wrfelad<br />
mwvanilovansa, aramed aZovebdes ekalTa da kurosTavTa zeda da amaT mizezTa<br />
mier naTlad sja da sjulis xedva mifarul iyo da umecarTa werilisaTa<br />
ganryvnil iyo da dakninebul kanuni da wesi eklesiisa~ 601 .<br />
e.i. aqamde `warmarTi~ (igulisxmeba mahmadiani) mefeebi flobdnen qarTlkaxeTs,<br />
isini `qristes cxovarT~ (e.i. qristianebs, qarTvelebs) mwvane saZovars<br />
ki ar aZovebdnen, aramed nar-ekals, amis gamo gairyvna kanoni da saeklesio<br />
wesi, gonebac dabnelebuli iyo (`naTlad sja~) saRmrTo werilis arcodnis<br />
gamoo.<br />
`maSin RmrTis msaxurman mefeman, yovlad sanatrelman patriarqman, wmidaTa<br />
mitropolitTa, arqiepiskoposTa, arqimandritTa da mRvdelTa sulisa<br />
mxurvalebiTa moiRes pirvelad mtkice brZaneba wmidis saxarebisa da<br />
samociqulosa kanunisa da wmidaTa SvidTa msoflioTa krebaTa da wamebiTa<br />
maTiTa aRavses nakluvaneba eklesiisa, daamtkices da daaweses kanuni ese<br />
27~ 602 .
aRsaniSnavia, rom es kreba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias xazgasmiT uwodebs<br />
`samociqulo eklesias~. erekle mefemo, nabrZanebia am ZeglSi, `Semokribna<br />
mwyemsni sityvierTa kravTani mtkicesa Sina qalaqsa tfilisisa, saRmrToTa<br />
samsjelmmarTebelsa palatsa Sina yovelTa Txemisa samociqulosa<br />
eklesiisai~ 1 .<br />
eklesiam aRniSna Tavisi marTlmadidebluri mimarTuleba imiT, rom aRiara<br />
mxolod Svidi msoflio krebis avtoriteti, kaTolikuri eklesia aRiarebs<br />
ara Svid, aramed gacilebiT ufro meti krebis avtoritets, radganac X-XVII<br />
saukuneebSi, erTobis droindeli Svidi msoflio krebis Semdeg kaTolikur<br />
samyaroSi Catarda mravali gaerTianebuli kreba, romelTac kaTolikeni<br />
`msoflio~ krebad moixsenieben. 1748 wlis saeklesio krebis mier, rogorc<br />
aRiniSna, mxolod Svidi saeklesio krebis damowmeba qarTuli eklesiis wmida,<br />
marTlmadideblur tradiciul mimarTulebaze miuTiTebda.<br />
miuxedavad Sinagani marTlmadidebluri bunebisa, kreba qarTul eklesias<br />
`samociqulos~ uwodebs. saqme isaa, rom sityva `samociqulo~ Tavis TavSi<br />
Seicavs Rrma saeklesio-iuridiul datvirTvas. Zvelad samociqulo eklesia<br />
Tavisi iurisdiqciis qveS myofi teritoriis mTel mkvidr mosaxleobas Tavis<br />
samwysod ganixilavda, e. i. miaCnda, rom nebismieri moqalaqe, mis samwysoSi<br />
Semavali, unda SeerTeboda im sarwmunoebriv aRmsareblobas, romelsac<br />
mociqulis mier naqadagebad Tvlida. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> magaliTze es aseT saxes<br />
iRebda: saqarTveloSi mociqulTa da mociqulTa swori wmida ninos mier<br />
marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba miiRo mTelma mosaxleobam, anu qarTvelma<br />
erma, SemdgomSi JamTa viTarebisa da mterTa Semosevebis gamo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis am samwysoSi, anu qarTuli mosaxleobis erT nawilSi ucxo<br />
eklesiebma gaavrceles ucxo sarwmunoebani (magaliTad, monofizitoba,<br />
kaTolikoba, mahmadianoba), mosaxleobis am ukve aramarTlmadideblur<br />
nawilsac qarTuli eklesia Tavis samwysod miiCnevda Tavisi samociquloobis<br />
gamo da Tvlida, rom mas ufleba hqonda emuSava qarTvel kaTolikeebTan,<br />
mahmadianebTan, grigorianebTan, warmarTebTan, raTa isini dabrunebodnen<br />
mociqulTa mier naqadageb sarwmunoebas, Tavis dedaeklesias. maSasadame,<br />
marTlmadideblobas. es termini (`samociqulo~) saeklesio-iuridiul<br />
datvirTvas Seicavda da `samociqulod~ wodebiT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia mTel<br />
mkvidr mosaxleobas, anu mTel ers sarwmunoebrivi orientaciis miuxedavad<br />
Tavis kanonier samwysod Tvlida.<br />
1748 wlis krebis kanonSi `patriarqi antoni~ Tavis Tavs `sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> msajulvels~ uwodebs 603 . marTlac, qarTlis kaTalikosi,<br />
rogorc wina saeklesio krebebis (magaliTad, `samarTali kaTalikosTa~)<br />
ganxilvidan Cans, sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis upirvelesi sasuliero<br />
msajuli, kanonmdebeli iyo. xelrTvebSic antoni Tavis Tavs aRmosavleT<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kuTxeebTan erTad `samcxe-saaTabagosa da yovlisa qvemo<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a~ patriarqs uwodebs 604 . ucxour (berZnul) wyaroebSi afxazeTis,<br />
anu dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sakaTalikosos `qvemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposo~<br />
ewodeba, msgavsadve qarTul sabuTebSic dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> `qvemo iveria~,<br />
anda `qvemo saqarTvelo~ ewodeba, aRmosavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ki `zemo~. antoni<br />
Tavis Tavs aRmosavleT da dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a da rac yuradsaRebia, im<br />
dros ukve gamahmadianebuli samcxe-saaTabagos patriarqs uwodebs. mizezi<br />
amisa iyo is, rom `samociqulo~ qarTuli eklesiis meTauri Tavis samwysod
Tvlida gamahmadianebul qarTvelebsac da iRvwoda maTi dedaeklesiis wiaRSi<br />
dabrunebisaTvis.<br />
krebis mier gamocemul kanonTa 1-6 muxlebi exeba eklesiis mowyobasa da<br />
wirva-locvis momzadebis wesrigis dacvas. 7-16 muxlebi Seexeba mRvdelTa<br />
garegnuli da zneobrivi saxis dacvas. 17-19 muxlebi miTiTebaa<br />
episkoposebisadmi saeklesio wesrigis dacvis Sesaxeb, 20-24 muxlebi exeba<br />
qorwinebis sakiTxebs, 25-e muxli exeba naTlobis sakiTxs, 26-e muxli Seexeba<br />
saeklesio mamulebis saqmes, 27-e muxli Seexeba zvarakis (cxvris, pirutyvis)<br />
dakvlis akrZalvas eklesiis SemogarenSi. saerTod, aRsaniSnavia, rom es<br />
kanonebi SemuSavebulia rusul eklesiaSi miRebuli Targis Sesabamisad.<br />
magaliTad, me-4 muxli krZalavs trapezis `kedelsa zeda aRkvras~, maSin roca<br />
ZvelqarTul patara zomis eklesiebSi sakurTxevlis simciris gamo<br />
mouxerxebeli iyo trapezis Sua adgilas (`saSualos zeda~) dafuZneba da<br />
pirdapir adgamdnen aRmosavleT kedels. rusul eklesiaSi msgavsi praqtika ar<br />
arsebobda, amitomac krebam qarTul eklesiaSic akrZala. 27-e muxliT<br />
aikrZala zvarakis dakvla eklesiis ezoSi, maSin roca aRmosavleTis<br />
qristianul eklesiebSi miRebuli iyo cxovelis dakvla, Sesabamisi locvac ki<br />
arsebobda, saqme isaa, rom es zvaraki miiCneoda ara RvTisadmi Sesawirad,<br />
aramed eklesiisadmi da RvTisadmi pativiscemis gamosaxatavad da Senawirad<br />
(iseve, rogorc, vTqvaT, Senawiri iyo fuli, sanTeli, naWeri da sxv.). msoflio<br />
eklesiisa da am SemTxvevaSi rusuli praqtikisaTvis ucxo iyo es uZvelesi<br />
eklesiis qristianuli gadmonaSTi _ 1748 wels krebamac akrZala. amis msgavsi<br />
sxva magaliTebic aris.<br />
krebis mier gamocemul kanonebs, romelTac TavianTi mniSvneloba dResac<br />
ar daukargavs, xels aweren erekle mefe kaxeTisa da `mmarTveli qarTlisa~,<br />
anton kaTalikosi, amba alaverdeli episkoposi, mcxeTeli (samTavroeli)<br />
episkoposi da goris motropoliti, tfileli, xornabujeli (qiziyeli),<br />
ninowmideli, mroveli, nekres-gremeli, wilkneli, kawareli, urbneli,<br />
xargisTvaleli, samTavneli, Werem-qalaqeli episkoposebi, qvaTaxevis<br />
arqimandriti, kaxTa mefis karis winamZRvari, qarTlis mefis karis winamZRvari,<br />
`didi eklesiis~ (albaT, sveticxovlis) ikonomosi, xeli moaweres patriarqis<br />
moZRvarma da mefis xucesma, kaxTa mefis dekanozma, alaverdis eklesiis<br />
dekanozma.<br />
saerTod, 1748 wlis kreba es iyo samagaliTo, saCvenebeli, didi kreba,<br />
romelic Rrma Seswavlas moiTxovs. es kreba cdilobda ruis-urbnisisa da<br />
Zveli qarTuli krebebis kanonSemoqmedebisa da sisavsis restavracia-aRdgenas,<br />
amasTanave, cdilobda rusul eklesiaSi danergili praqtikis gadmoRebasac.<br />
Tedo Jordania wers am krebis Sesaxeb: `kreba gaixsna anton kaTalikosis<br />
palatebSi, damswreTa Soris iyo erekle meore, krebis dros magidaze esvena<br />
cxovelmyofeli jvarpatiosani, wmida saxareba da sjuliskanoni. krebis<br />
Sedegs mematiane mokled, magram naTlad gadmogvcems, rom `ganarCives da<br />
aRmofxvres yovelive uwesod qcevani da daudves mociqulT da mRvdelmTavarT<br />
kanoni sjuli mtkice da Seuryeveli qristianobisa, romelsa mogiTxrobT<br />
wmida kanoni maTi~... mematiane miuTiTebs agreTve <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta raodenobasa (15<br />
yofila, rva qarTlSi da Svidi kaxeTSi) da maTi sazRvrebis dadgenaze,<br />
rogorc Cans, Znelbedobis Jams daqvrivebuli eparqiebi ganaxlda da krebis<br />
mere ar darCa arc erTi, Tavisi episkoposi rom ar hyoloda. RvTismsaxurebis<br />
gaumjobesebisa da sxvadasxva naklovanebaTa aRmofxvrisaTvis brZolaSi
saukeTeso saSualebad miiCnies stambis gaxsna da saRvTismetyvelo wignebis<br />
beWdva. krebam didi Sroma gaswia im stambis mosaZieblad, romelic vaxtang<br />
meeqvsem Camoatanina vlaxeTidan (1709), magram, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi<br />
saqarTvelodan ruseTSi aRmoCnda. gansakuTrebiT gaisarja kaTalikosi, mas<br />
mefec daexmara, stamba gamarTes da dabeWdili wignebiTY`aivso qarTlio~,<br />
wers mematiane. aq daibeWda yvela saRvTismetyvelo wigni, garda Tvenisa da<br />
sadResaswaulosa. am stambidan gamosul zogierT wigns saeklesio wirvalocvebis<br />
dros vxmarobdiT Cven XX s. 70-80-ian wlebSic. stamba arsebobda<br />
1795 wlamde. vidre sparseTis Sahma aRa-mahmad-xanma ar daangria Tbilisis<br />
dapyrobis dros.<br />
am krebis erTgvar gagrZelebas warmoadgens meore kreba, romelic<br />
kaTalikosma moiwvia mcxeTaSi 1749 wlis dekemberSi, rogorc Cans, kreba<br />
moulodnelad Catarda da moiwvies is mRvdelmTavrebi, vinc erekles meuRlis,<br />
dedofal anas dakrZalvas eswrebodnen. amjerad Tavyrilobis mizezi iyo is<br />
qristianuli wesCveulebani, ramac Tavi iCina dedoflis datirebisa da<br />
dasaflavebis dros da Seavso pirveli krebis dadgenilebani. mematiane<br />
mokled SeniSnavs: `iqmna wmida kreba da aRmofxvres qarTlisa qveyanisagan<br />
saqme yoveli ujero, wmidaman patriarqman antonim ganmarTna gandrekileba da<br />
winaaRmdegi sjulisa, tirili da ujero kerpuri glova yovelive daayenes~.<br />
aRniSnul krebaze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca xalxis zneCveulebebis<br />
ganwmendas, garda amisa, Zveli qarTuli saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad kvlav<br />
daaweses didi jarima imaT winaaRmdeg, vinc miRebul wesdebas uaryofda~ 605 .<br />
[kanonni 1748 wlis saeklesio krebisa]<br />
[sruli teqsti]<br />
[1] saTnoyofiTa RmrTisa yovelTa mbadisaTaБиiqvel-gulsmodgina rtoman<br />
daviTisaman, RmrTiv-cxebulisфTeimuraz mefis Zeman irakli pankrationman,<br />
kaxTa mefeman, ganmgebelman qarTlisaman, xolo TВT vidreme RmrTiTa<br />
pinaqsul sjulebTa marTl-meaRsareman aRaxuna gonebis cis naTlis bWeni da<br />
wadierebis RrubliTa Semokribna mwyemsni sityvierTa kravTani mtkicesa Sina
qalaqsa tfilisisaБ, saRmrToTaфsamsjelm-marTebelosa palatsa Sina,<br />
yovelTa Txemisa samociqulos eklesiisaTa, Tan-Tnebo-zraxva-jer-CinebiTa<br />
yovlad sanatrelsa, TВT misve sadaviTos sqesiTisa mefis Zis antoni<br />
patriarqisaTa, sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> msajulvelisaTaБ, romelTa saukunomca<br />
arian kurTxevani;<br />
vinadgan pirvel amaTsa warmarTni mefeni flobdes qarTvelTa, ranTa,<br />
kaxTa da yovlobiTad ersa RmrTisasa da qristes cxovarTa ara avlendes<br />
wrfelad mwvanvilovansa, aramed aZovebdes ekalTa da kurosavTa zeda; da<br />
amaT mizezTa mier naTlad sja da sjuls-xedva mifarul iyo da umecrebiTa<br />
werilisaTa ganryunil iyo da dakninebul kanuni da wesi eklesiisaБ.<br />
maSin RmTis msaxurman mefeman, yovlad sanatrelman patriaqman, wmidaTa<br />
mitropolitTa, arqiepiskoposTa, arqimanditTa da mRdelTa sulisa<br />
mxurvalebiTa, miiRes pirvelad mtkice brZanebaБ wmidisa saxarebisa da<br />
samociqulos kanunisaБ da wmidaTa SvidTa msoflioTa krebaTa, da wamebiTa<br />
maTiTa aRavses naklulevaneba eklesiisa, daamtkicnes da dawernes kanuni ese<br />
kz Tav-Taveoanad, Tvesa noenmbersa ig, dResa kviriakesa, qristes aqeT aTas<br />
SВdas ormocdarva:<br />
[2]1. uflis qristes sZalsa, eklesiis Sina wmida trapezsa zeda, TВnier<br />
saxarebisa, samkveTlosa, odikisa da juaris, nuravin xel-yofs Jamis-wirvad.<br />
2. ityvis wmida ese RmrTiv kreba, raTa aqundes sakurTxevelsa kankels,<br />
samni karni: saSual, imer da amier, romel ese friad jer-ars. da kulad<br />
simciris da iwroebisaTВs eklesiisa, orni oden qmnan karni. xolo erTisa<br />
karisa qmnas nuravin ikadrebs, rameTu ujero ars da uSver saqme ese. xolo<br />
kankeli SeZlebisaebr, romlisaca risme qmnan nivTisaБ.<br />
3. odes iqmnes JamTagan daZvelebuli da daglejili wmidaБ odiki, gina<br />
damwvari cecxliTa saSual anu kerZo misi, gina gardaufareblad da SiSvlad<br />
iyos wmidaБ trapezi, amaT mizezTa mier wmidaБ msxverplis Sewirva<br />
dagviyenebia.<br />
4. ama krebisa Semdgomad vamcnebT yovelTa marTlmorwmuneTa qristianeTa:<br />
ukueTu vinme inebon gulsmodginebiT aRSeneba RmrTisa eklesiisa, jer-ars<br />
maTda, raTa wmidaБ trapezi sakurTxevels saSuals zeda daafuZnon, raTa<br />
gare Semouvliden mRdelni, xolo kedelsa zeda aRkrva wmidis trapezisa<br />
ujero ars da nuravin ikadrebs.<br />
5. vamcnebT episkoposTa sityvierTa cxovarTasa, raTa umecarni werilisani<br />
sadiakonni da samRdeloni, romelTa ara uwyoden wakiTxva keTilad wmidisa<br />
saxarebisa, samociqulos ebistolisa, kurTxevnisa da kondakisa, ara miiRon<br />
maT zeda kurTxeva da niWi sulisa wmidisa, romel-ese sruliad gangvigdies,<br />
rameTu viTar egebis umecarTagan msaxureba wmidisa trapezisaБ.<br />
6. Jamsa wmidisa Jamis-wirvisasa, ukeTu oden ara aqvndes mRdelsa sanTeli<br />
aRsanTebelad da sakmeveli kmevad, nu ikadreben wirvad, aramed daecados.<br />
[3] 7. ukeTu oden ipovnen mRdelni eklesiisani, saeriskacoTa mokliTa<br />
samosliTa mosilni aRkvarTulad, ganiwvarTnen episkoposisagan, rameTu friad<br />
uSvereba ars maTda da Rirs arian kicxevisa.<br />
8. qalaqTa Sina, gina sofelTa Sina, anu simravlesa Sina erisasa ukeTu<br />
oden ipovnen mRdelni samxedroTa saWurveliTa aRWurvilni, vamcnebT<br />
uSverebaTa maTTa: anu dadvan saWurveli da maxВli maTi, da ukeTu kula ara<br />
isminon, gardaeyenen mRdelobisagan.
9. vamcnebT monazonTa memxoloeTa: ukeTu, Tvinier nebisa da Sendobisa<br />
TВsis mamis da winamZRvrisa, gamovides monastriT, yovladve nuravin<br />
Seiwynarebs mas, aramed ganaZon, viTarca urCi WeSmaritisa kanunisaБ da<br />
morCilebis damwixneli.<br />
10. xuces-monazonsa, romelsa ara rwmunebul iyos winamZRroba<br />
sawinamZRrosa eklesi[i]sa, jer-ars misa, raTa anu Tana-yvebodes episkopos[s]a,<br />
anu iyos monastersa Sina ZmaTa Tana. xolo ukeTu ara, da iqceodes eriskacTa<br />
Tana gina mamulsa da saxlsa Sina iyofebodes, eseviTarisa mis qcva uweso ars<br />
da gangebul, da nuRara ikadrebs.<br />
11. vamcnebT mRdelTa eklesiisaTa: ukeTu inebon moZRvrebad erisa anu<br />
aRsarebis Sewynarebad sityvierTa samwysoTa, [jer-ars], raTa pirvelad miiRon<br />
brZaneba da Sendoba Tavisis episkoposisagan, da ukeTu kula ara miiRon<br />
Sendoba da brZaneba episkoposisa nu odes ikadreben moZRvrebad erisa, rameTu<br />
uweso aris.<br />
12. ukeTu odesme mivides samRvdeloTagani sxvisa episkoposisa samrevlosa<br />
Sina, TВnier Tana-jer-Cinebisa da Sendobisa mis episkoposisa, nu ikadrebs<br />
Jamis-wirvad, gina samRvdlosa saidumlosa aRsrulebad. xolo eseca jer-ars<br />
misa, raTa TВsisaca episkoposisa Sendobis wigni aqvndes; egreTve xucesmonazon[n]ica<br />
yofden amas.<br />
13. amasca kanons vamcnebT mRdelTa: romelTa enebosT usisxlos<br />
msxverplis Sewirva, raTa miiRon sakurTxevlad sefiskverni xuTni rCeulisa<br />
ifqlisani, da ukeTu ar aqvndes. iSviaTad sadme samni miiRon, da amaTs kide<br />
nametnavsa da naklebsa zeda nu ikadreben Jamis-wirvad.<br />
14. xucesni da yovloba samarTlmadideblosa qristeanobisa viTarca<br />
uyofdes pativsa wmidasa trapezsa. egreTve msgavsad pativscemdnen wmidasa<br />
embazsa.<br />
15. ukeTu vieTnime mRdelni bralsa, gina risaTВsme mizezisa<br />
mRdelobisagan dayenebul iyvnen, nurvin ikadrebs episkoposTagani micemad<br />
misa samRdelosa olarisa, rameTu arca erTi romelime saidumlo ara<br />
aResrulebis mis mier, aramed sruliad dayenebul ars.<br />
16. romelsaca visme mRdelTagansa eklesia qristesi arwmunebdes,<br />
makurTxevelisagan ara jer-ars misa, TВnier didisa Wirisa, raTa daaklos<br />
raime saeklesio wesis aRsruleba locvisa da wmidaБ Jamis-wirvisaБ.<br />
17. ukeTu kula sadme gamoCndes samre[v]losa episkoposisagan kerpTa mier<br />
mopovnebuli saqme grZnebaБ, meqereoba, gina beWis-mxedveloba, anu Tayvanis-cema<br />
xisa, gina sxvis nivTisa, miumcnebT episkoposTa, raTa TviToeulman TВssa<br />
samwysosa Sina sruliad aRmoagdon da ganmarglon saqme ese.<br />
18. qristes sZlisa da dedoflis eklesiasa Sina ara wes ars kanun<br />
noagobaTa da tablaTa miReba, gina Sinagan damarxva xilisa, da noagobaTa<br />
nivTisa, da Wama mas Sina, rameTu saxli aris salocveli RmrTisaБ.<br />
19. episkoposi da ufrosad mRdelni ganekrZalnen, raTa wmidasa Sina<br />
kВriakesa, anu sauflosa dResaswaulsa ara daaklden erni misni locvisa da<br />
wmidisa Jamisa wirvisa mosmenad, rameTu yovlad Tanamdeb arian mislvad.<br />
20. vamcnebT episkoposTa, mRdelTa da eklesi[i]s mourneTa, raTa<br />
ganekrZalnen [S]julTa RmrTisa da ara Serion naTesaoba uwesoTa<br />
qorwinebiTa, aramed esreT yofden: iyavn dasabam pirvel mama da misgan raБ<br />
gamoekveTnen oTxni erT kerZo da kulad oTxni erTkerZo, xolo es iqms
Tvinier dasabamisa mis, ricxvsa rvasa da srul iqmnes orsave kerZosa ricxvi<br />
rva, _ mexuTe erT kerZosa da mexuTe meorisa kerZosa _ ese mexuTeni<br />
SeiuRvlian urTierTas. da ama mexuTeTa naklebs aravis ganuCinebT qmnad<br />
qorwinebisaБ.<br />
21. ganvakrZalebT zogad yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa qristeaneTa, raTa<br />
aravin miiyvanos colad, uwesoTa qorwinebiTa, dedakaci gantevebuli<br />
qmrisagan, rameTu cxadad mruSebisa bralsa Sina STaeflvis, viTarca<br />
mogviRebies wmidisagan saxarebisa qristes naTqvami saRmTo brZaneba, viTarmed:<br />
`romelman gantevebuli SeirTos, manca imruSao~; da amas Tana ewamebian<br />
samociqulonica kanuni da erTxmobiT wmidani SВdni msoflioni krebani da<br />
ufrosRa didi basili.<br />
amisTВs Cvenca erTxmobiT Tana-miuxmaebT da davamtkicebT Tqmulsa maTsa,<br />
raTa romelTaca esxnen usjulod Seyofilni, qmrisagan gantevebulni,<br />
memruSeni dedakacni, myis daixsnas da dairRВos uweso da usjulo qorwineba<br />
maTi, da amieridgan aravis xel-ewifos qmnad eseviTarisa cTomilis bWobisa,<br />
xolo eseviTarni memruSeTa Tana gardaisebian (sic) kanunsa da uZВressaca,<br />
rameTu cxad ars brali codvisa maTisa.<br />
22. xolo ukeTu enebos visme qorwineba wignis mkiTxvelsa mgalobelsa [da]<br />
aRslva xarisxsa mRdelobisasa, pirvel kerZo diakonad kurTxevisa miiyvanos<br />
colad qalwuli, viTar aTormetisa wlisa, gina aTsametisa da qorwinebis<br />
ziarebiTa akurTxos mRdelman SeerTxorcva maTi, da Semdgomad SeerTebisa<br />
aRvides xarisxsa kerZo diaknobisasa, da merme mRdelobisasa.<br />
xolo ukeTu ara yon esreT, aramed iqorwinon qalisa Tana uasakosa, gina<br />
Cvilisa, da xelTdasxmul iqmnen diakvnad da xucad da maSinRa gaxrwnan<br />
colni maTni, romel-ese sruliad ugulisxmoebisa saqme ars da gansagdebel<br />
da dayenebul Cven yovelTa mier.<br />
23. meoTxes da mexuTes, gina uwesosa mraval qorwinebas sruliad<br />
aRfxuris da ganaZebs eklesi[i]T msoflio ese RmrTiv kreba.<br />
24. eseca dayenebul ars Cven yovelTa mier, raTa amieridgan arRara<br />
eqorwinos marTlmadidebeli kaci mwvalebelsa, gina sxva sarwmunoebiansa<br />
dedakacsa, gina marTlmadidebeli dedakaci mwvalebels mamakacs, rameTu ara<br />
jer-ars erTisa baksa Sina slva cxvrisa da mglisaБ.<br />
25. nu odes nuca aRiqmen Svilsa mwvalebelTasa naTlisRebisa mier<br />
marTlmadidebelni, da nuca svinad daiyeneben mwvalebelsa marTlmorwmuneni.<br />
ukeTu kula ara Tavs idvan esreT, wmidisa ziarebisgan ganiyenebian, ara<br />
naTlad slvisa Semwynarebelni igi.<br />
26. amasca vikadrebT RmrTismsaxurebisa TqvenisaTВs, keTilmorwmuneno<br />
mefeno: raTa saepiskoposni eklesiaTa agarakni da dabani, anu<br />
sa[a]rqimandritoTa da winamZRvarTa monasterTani eriskacTa ar xelewifebodes<br />
damZlavrebad, mamulad TВsad mitaceba da damkВdreba. amas<br />
wmindaБ ese kreba rjul-gidebT, gevedrebiT da gamcnebT eseviTarisa<br />
ganyenebisa erisagan.<br />
27. sruliad ganCinebiTa ganagdebs saRmrTo kreba amas, raTa amieriTgan<br />
aravin ikadros Seyvaneba zvarakisa, gina cxvrisa, anu sxvisa pirutyvisa<br />
karisbWesa Sina eklesiisasa da daklva mas Sina, gina sisxlis cxeba karTa da<br />
zRurblTa eklesiisaTa, rameTu kerpmsaxurTa ars saqme ese da ara wes-ars<br />
qristeaneTaБ.
ukeTu kula vinme gamoCndes eseviTarisa cdomilisa saqmisa moqmedi,<br />
vamcnebT episkoposTa, raTa ganaZon eklesiiT, viTarca Seuracxis-myofeli<br />
qristes SjulisaБ.<br />
[xelrTvebi] 1. erakle, wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa, RmrTis msaxurman mefeman<br />
kaxTaman da mmarTvelman qarTlisaman, Zeman mefis Teimurazisaman warvwe[ren].<br />
2. antoni, wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa, uRirsman kaTalikozman didisa sameufosa<br />
qalaqis mcxeTis, qarTlis, kaxeTis, samcxe-sa[a]Tabagosa da yovlis qvemo<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a da aRmosavleTisa <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>aman ganvsazRuren da<br />
warvsweren. antoni.<br />
3. nikoloz uRirsman anba alaverdelman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren.<br />
nikoloz.<br />
4. arseni, uRirsman mTavarepiskoposman samTavrosa da goris<br />
samitrapolitosaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. arseni.<br />
5. aTanasi, uRirsman episkoposman axlis sameufosa qalaqisa tfilisisa<br />
samitrapolitosaman ganvsazRuren da wavsweren. aTanasi.<br />
6. onofri, uRirsman episkoposman xornabujis da sruliad qiziyis<br />
samitrapolitosaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. onofri.<br />
7. saba, uRirsman episkoposman ninowmidisaman ganvsazRvren da warvsweren.<br />
saba.<br />
8. ioseb, uRirsman episkoposman ruisisa da sruliad qarTlisaman<br />
ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. ioseb.<br />
9. ioane, uRirsman episkoposman nekres-qalaqisa da qalaqis gremisaman da<br />
arqimandritman garejis didis lavrisaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. ioane.<br />
10. qristefore, uRirsman episkopozman wilknisaman warvsweren. qristefore.<br />
11. ioane, uRirsman episkopozman kawarisaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren.<br />
ioane.<br />
12. filipe, uRirsman episkoposman urbnisisaman warvsweren. filipe.<br />
13. zosime, uRirsman episkoposman xargiTvalisaman da moZRvarT-moZRvarman<br />
warvsweren.<br />
14. benediqte, uRirsman episkoposman samTavisisaman warvswren. benediqte.<br />
15. daniel, uRirsman episkoposman Werem-qalaqisaman warvsweren. daniel.<br />
16. ioane, uRirsman arqimandritman upirvelesisa monastrisa qvabTa-xevisa<br />
vlaqernisa RmrTismSoblisaman warvsweren.<br />
17. ambakom, uRirsmman winamZRvarman kaxTa mefis karisaman warvsweren.<br />
18. ioseb, uRirsman winamZRvarman qarTvelTa mefisa karisaman warvsweren.<br />
19. ioane, uRirsman didis eklesiis ikonomosman warvsweren.<br />
20. zaqaria, uRirsman xucesman mefeTa da patriarqis moZRvarman<br />
warvsweren.<br />
21. gabriel, uRirsman kaxTa mefisa dekanozman, mefeTa moZRvarman<br />
warvswere.<br />
22. abram, uRirsman dekanozman alaverdisa eklesiisaman warvswere 606 .<br />
9. imereTis saeklesio krebis `xeliTwerili~ (1759)<br />
imereTis mefe 1752-1784 wlebSi solomon I, `didis~ saxeliT moixsenieba<br />
STamomavalTa mier, man ganamtkica samefo xelisufleba, TiTqmis gaaerTiana
dasavleTi saqarTvelo, mospo tyveebiT vaWroba. 1760-63 wlebSi samjer<br />
daamarcxa osmalebi, 1779 wels ruxis omSi sZlia osmalebs, magram 1784 wels<br />
qvemo guriaSi damarcxda, ramac es mxare gaamahmadiana, asi wlis Semdeg<br />
ruseTis imperiasTan SemoerTebul am kuTxeSi aWareli begebi mmarTvelobdnen.<br />
qarTuli eklesia gansakuTrebiT uWerda mxars qveynisa da erisaTvis<br />
Tavdadebuli mefis moRvaweobas, mefec grZnobda eklesiis Zalas, amitomac<br />
xelsayreli drois dadgomisTanave solomon I-ma, 1759 wels, moiwvia didi da<br />
gansakuTrebuli saeklesio kreba. krebam saeklesio da zneobriv reformebs<br />
daudo safuZveli dasavleT saqarTveloSi. qristianobasa da qveyanas<br />
gansakuTrebiT asustebda tyveTa syidva da saepiskoposo kaTedraTa gauqmeba.<br />
Turqebs quTaisSi 120-wliani batonobis dros daungreviaT saepiskoposo<br />
(bagratis) taZari da gauuqmebiaT quTaTelis saepiskoposo kaTedra. amitomac<br />
1759 wlis saeklesio krebis 4 dekembris sxdomaze solomon mefes aRuniSnavs,<br />
rom quTaisis eklesia `xelT egdo mZvinvares agarians da mizeziTa amiT<br />
saquTaTlo mamuli da samrevlo mimobneuliyo, da romelime daSTomiliyo,<br />
saerod gamxdariyo da quTaTeli aRar ijda~. mefis am moxsenebis Sesabamisad,<br />
krebam ineba aRdgeniliyo saquTaTelo kaTedra, anu quTaisis <strong>eparqia</strong> da<br />
aRdgenil kaTedraze ganaCines quTaTeli episkoposi. quTaisis <strong>eparqia</strong>s<br />
gadaeca misi yofili Zveli mamuli, romelsac igi adre flobda da eriskacebs<br />
hqondaT mitacebuli. cxadia, saepiskoposos aRdgena ekonomikuri safuZvlebis<br />
gareSe _ formaloba iqneboda. mefes da qveyanas esaWiroeboda moqmedi da<br />
Zlieri eklesia.<br />
rogorc S. burjanaZe aRniSnavs, eklesia, tradiciulad, mefis<br />
xelisuflebis ganmtkicebas uwyobda xels, saxelmwifos aZlevda mebrZolebs 1 .<br />
krebam saqmeebis mowesrigebisaTvis ineba da:<br />
1. eriskacTagan mitacebuli yma-mamulebi daumtkica eklesias;<br />
2. saeklesio ymebi gaaTavisufla zedmeti gadasaxadebisagan da daakanona<br />
saeklesio gadasaxadebi;<br />
3. eriskacebs aukrZala eklesiis sameurneo saqmianobaSi Careva;<br />
4. saeklesio Tanamdebobebze miiwvia Rirseuli pirebi, uRirsni ki gadaayena;<br />
5. Seamko da aago eklesia-monastrebi 608 .<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom maleve amis Semdeg mefe solomons unebebia saerTod<br />
gaeTavisuflebina eklesia saxelmwifo gadasaxadebisagan, kerZod, mefes 1761<br />
wels mouwvevia morigi saeklesio kreba, romelsac daudgenia saeklesio<br />
ymebis yovelgvari samefo gadasaxadebisagan gaTavisufleba, agreTve<br />
saxelmwifo samsaxurisagan gaTavisufleba, garda laSqroba-nadirobisa 609 .<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, 1759 wlis kreba gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisa iyo, mas<br />
quTaTelis garda, xonis saepiskoposo kaTedrac aRudgenia 610 , magram krebam<br />
saxeli gaiTqva tyveTa syidvis gadaWriTi akrZalviT.<br />
solomon mefes mouxerxebia da saeklesio krebaze Semoukrebia<br />
samegrelosa da guriis mTavrebi (dadiani da gurieli), TavianTi<br />
batoniSvilebiTa da TavadaznaurobiT, aq iyvnen imereTis batoniSvilebi da<br />
Tavadaznauroba da, cxadia, mefe, kaTalikosi, mTeli dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
maRali samRvdeloeba. kreba mTel Tves (dekemberSi) gagrZelebula. saeklesio<br />
krebis meore sxdoma 5 dekembers Catarebula saero xelisuflebis<br />
monawileobiT. q. CxataraiSvils es saeklesio kreba imavdroulad Catarebul<br />
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomad miaCnia. am sxdomaze imereTis, samegrelosa da
guriis saero da sasuliero gamgeblebma imereTis mefis morCilebisa da<br />
`tyveTa syidvis~ akrZalvis piroba dades608 . saeklesio krebam tyvis<br />
gamyidvelni SeaCvena, saero xelisufleba ki maT sikvdiliT dasjiT daemuqra.<br />
krebis dadgenilebaSi naTqvami iyo: `axalcixis faSam aseTi saSineli da<br />
sazareli sityva SemogviTvala... tyves Tu ar gayidiT, ar iqnebao... RvTis<br />
SuamdgomlobiT, rom sanamdis suli gvedgas, es saqme Cvengan ar iqnes... am<br />
saqmeze Cveni Tavi ar daviSuroT~ 611 .<br />
`1759 wlis krebis dadgenilebebma dasabami misca axal periods dasavleT<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> politikursa da socialur-ekonomikur cxovrebaSi612 . eklesias<br />
krebis Semdeg aRudgenia saxelmwifoze mZlavri zemoqmedebis funqcia612 .<br />
krebam sagangebo dadgenilebiT daadastura `afxaz-imerTa~ kaTalikosis<br />
uflebebi mis kuTvnil 42 mamulze613 .<br />
n. berZeniSvili am krebasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `XVIII s. meore naxevarSi<br />
axalcixis faSam araerTgzis SemouTvala imereTis mefe solomons, raTa tyvis<br />
syidva imereTSi Zveleburad nebadarTuli yofiliyo. solomonma es moTxovna<br />
ar Seasrula da tyvis syidva saero da saeklesio sasjeliT sastikad<br />
akrZala... 1759 w. dekemberSi solomonma Semokriba `samRvdeloni dasni da<br />
marTlmadidebelni erni~ da lixTimereTis saeklesio da saero feodalebis<br />
sagangebo kreba moiwvia. masSi monawileobda mefe, kaTalikosi da mTeli<br />
lixTimereTis maRali samRvdeloeba, imereTis, odiSis, guriis<br />
Tavadaznauroba. krebam ganixila saeklesio saqmeTa mowesrigebis sakiTxi,<br />
akrZala tyvis syidva, krebam miiRo gadawyvetileba sakaTalikoso<br />
eklesiisaTvis mitacebuli yma-mamulebis dabrunebisa, gauqmebuli<br />
saepiskoposo kaTedrebis da monastrebis aRdgena-ganaxlebis, maTi ymamamulebis<br />
ukan dabrunebisa, gadasaxadebisagan saeklesio ymebis<br />
ganTavisuflebisa<br />
Caurevlobisa~<br />
da saeklesio mflobelobaSi saero xelisuflebis<br />
614 .<br />
imereTis saeklesio krebis `xeliTwerili~ (1759 w. 30.XII)<br />
(nawili aRdgenili teqstisa)<br />
`q. ese mtkice, Seucvalebeli da dReTa cxovrebisa CvenisaTa aRsrulebis<br />
xeliT werili, msajulisa mis mxsnelisa Cvenisa iesos qristes win misatani<br />
wigni da piroba mogarTviT TavaT dausabamos samebiT didebuls RmerTs,
cxovels myofels Zels, xsnisa Cvenisa Suamdgomels maradis qalwuls mariams,<br />
winamorbeds, naTlis mcemels iovanes, angelTa da mTavarangelozTa<br />
winaswarmetyvelTa da mociqulTa, mRudelT moZRvarTa da mowameTa, mamaTa da<br />
mamamTavarTa, RirsTa da qalwulTa da yovelTa RuTisa saTno yofilTa,<br />
zecisaTa da qveyanisaTa SvidTa krebaTa, oTxTa patriarxTa SuamdgomlobiTa<br />
da Cvens mwyems mTavris, yovlad sanatrelis ufalis kaTalikozis besarionis<br />
damtkicebiT, Wyondidel mitropolitis gabrielis, genaTelis iosebis,<br />
Semoqmedelis nikolozis... cagarelis grigolis, mTavarepiskopozis iosebis,<br />
nikorwmindelis germanes, mitropolitis daskalis (didaskalioi) danielis,<br />
xinowmidelis maqsimes, mitropolitis bedielis maqsimes da yovelTa imerTa,<br />
odiSarTa, gurielTa, samRvdelo, samonazno mwyobrTa RmerTsa da yovelTa<br />
saRmTo dasTa SvilobiT mogarTvi Sen, mefe solomon, me dadianma kaciam, me<br />
gurielma mamiam, batoniSvilma giorgim, batoniSvilma Teimuraz, erisTavma<br />
rostom, dadianis Ze manuCar, nikoloz, giorgim, gurielis Zem giorgim,<br />
wulukiZem, erTobiT wereTelman, erTobiT miqelaZem, erTobiT abaSiZem,<br />
erTobiT niJaraZem, agiasSvilman, iasSvilman, lorTqifaniZem, mxeiZem,<br />
RoRoberiZem, maWavarianman, mesxman, avalian, ioselianman da giorgi Ciquanman,<br />
erTobiT imerman didman da mcireman, odiSarT, leCxumT, CiCuam, faRavam,<br />
axledian, asaTian, afaqiZe, mxeiZem da Ciquanman, dgebuaZe, CijavaZe, jaian,<br />
qoCaqiZe, miqaZe, joliam, Selia, qarTvelisSvil, sajaiam da erTobiT<br />
odiSarman didman da mcireman, gurielT, erisTav, maWutaZe, nakaSiZem da<br />
malvaSvilebma, erTobiT Jordania, gegenava da erTobiT naseliSvilma,<br />
gurielman didman da mcireman, ese im soflis msajulisa winaSe misatani da<br />
am sofels yovelTa marTlmadidebelT saxilveli wigni mogarTviT: ase, rom<br />
axalcixis faSas aseTi saSineli da sazarveli sityva SemogviTvala, rom<br />
adamis tomsa arc pirvel smenia da arc Semdgomad ismineba, amisTana saSineli<br />
sasmenelad sazaro sityva: `tyves Tu ar gayidiT ar iqnebao~. axla amaze ase<br />
erTpirobiT dagvimtkicebia RvTis SuamdgomlobiT, rom sanamdis suli gvedgas<br />
ar iqnes, arc amaSid erTmaneTs usustoT, vidrec erTmaneTs miudgeT kidec<br />
mefe solomonis morCili da brZanebis aRmasrulebeli viqneTY da gulis<br />
wmindiT erTmaneTs moudgeT amaze da aras Sewuxebisa da gaWirvebisaTvis Cven<br />
erTmaneTs ar umtyunoT, da am saqmezed Cveni Tavi ar daviSuroT da am<br />
saqmeSid Cven xelmwifes mefe solomons ar usustoT da arc amisTana<br />
saSineli codva Cvengan iqnes ase piroba da sityva mogvirTmevia RvTisa da<br />
kacisaTvis. aw vinc da ramac Zeman kacisaman es SeSalos didman an mcireman,<br />
isemc SeiZlebis sjulisagan usjulosa mecnierebisagan, masmca risxavs Tavad<br />
dausabamo RmerTi da yovelni amaT zemo werilni wmidani zecisani da<br />
qveyanisani xorcielni da uxorconi masca edebis keTri gezisa, SiSTvili<br />
iudasi, Zrwola kaenisa, mextexiloba deoskoresi da maT zemowerilTa<br />
madlTagan SeCvenebuli viyoT Tu es SevSaloT da amaSid SeZlebisaebr ar<br />
mivudgeT SeCvenilni viyoT, suliT da xorciT aw da ukunisamde SvidTa<br />
krebaTagan da yovelTa eklesiaTagan, xolo damamtkicebeli amisi kurTxeul<br />
iyos suliT da xorciT aw da ukunisamde amin. me arqimandrits silibistros<br />
damiweria yovelTa mowmobiT da erTxmobiT brZanebuli ese qristes aqeT CRnT<br />
qristes Sobis Tves l dResa e: aw amis damtkicebis muSaki kaTalikozi<br />
besarion da misi krebuli erTobiT amas vamtkicebT, rom ramanc xelmwifem an<br />
dedofalman an Tavadman an aznaurman didman an mcireman am sarwmunoebazed<br />
vinc mokdes an am sarwmunoebis mimdegi da mefis erTgulebiT Tavisi dRiT
mokdes maSinc da usamarTloT mis Svili da momavali gaRaribos da<br />
wasaxdenaT moindomos usamarTloT amaTSi werilTagan SeCvenebuli iyos<br />
suliT da xorciT amin. aw ramanc Zeman kacisaman amaT Sina werili moSalos<br />
da mefes usustos an am xeliT werils gardaxdes da usjuloeba qmnas da<br />
erTmaneTs ar miudges, vinc imas miudges am momxmareT da SemweT eqmnes an<br />
Seiwynaros, an uwiros da _ lels an mokvdes da miwa aRirsos, SeCvenebul<br />
iyos suliT da xorciT ganuxrwnelad am sofels mowyvediT da im sofels<br />
iudasTan krulebiT, vinc es aR(as)rulos da daamtkicos saukunomca arc<br />
xseneba misi suliT da xorciT aw da ukunisamde amin, mamSleli wyeul,<br />
damamtkicebeli kurTxeul amin~ 615 .<br />
10. 1762, 1768, 1793 wlis krebaTa dadgenilebani saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb, mcnebani,<br />
episkoposTa da mRvdelTa mimarT<br />
mas Semdeg, rac XVIII s. II naxevarSi aRdga qarTul-erovnuli<br />
saxelmwifoebrioba samefo taxtze qristian mefeTa asvlis Semdeg, saeklesio<br />
krebebma kvlav daibrunes mahmadianTa mmarTvelobis dros dakninebuli<br />
uflebani da gamosces Sesabamisi zneobrivi saxis dadgenilebani:<br />
a. [dadgenileba saeklesio krebisa saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb]<br />
[1762 w. 20 dekemberi]<br />
welsa qristes aqaT CRБb, qristeSobis k.<br />
q. wmidaTa da yovlad samRudeloTa episkoposTa esreT euwyosT,<br />
romelnica CvenTan – wmidas patriarqTan da RirsTa Tqven episkoposebTan<br />
krebaSi piroba daidva.<br />
pirveli ese, rom: episkoposman Tavis samwysoSi uaRsarebo aravin daagdos.<br />
meored, ese: sauflos dResaswauls da kviras wirvis mousmenlad nuravis<br />
gauSvebT da uqme dRisa yadaRa uyoT, rom kargad daicvan da aravin gatexos.<br />
mesamed: Tu wmidaT episkoposT TqvenTa samwysoTa Sina urCi vinme<br />
gyvandesT, Cven mogvaxsenoT; da egeviTarTa Cven davsjiT.<br />
meoTxed: xucesTa yadaRa uyoT, romelic wmidas mRudelobas ar<br />
ekadrebodes, isre ar moiqcnen SesamosliTa Tu tanisamosiTa; da nurc<br />
TavianT samwysoSi usamarTlozed miuSveben xucebsa.<br />
mexuTed: wmidas eklesiaSi an daZvelebuli ram iyos, an damwvari, an<br />
wamxdari, _ unda ganswmidoT, galesoT, ganaaxloT da wmidad SeinaxoT wmida<br />
eklesia; da ukadrisad nuravis aCvenebT wmidas eklesiasa. agreTve Tu<br />
gaSavebuli ram iyos, unda galeson da gaaTeTron.<br />
meeqvsed: wmidas trapezzed Casacmeli unda yuTnisa iyos; da Tu ukeTesi<br />
ram aris, isi sjobs. da Tu ara, suraTis CiTi unda iyos; da amas garda sxva<br />
aRara iqneba ra. romelic wmida trapezi kedelzed iyos mikruli, Camoafaron;<br />
da romelnica saSual sakurTxevelisa iyos, Caacvan.<br />
meSvided: xisa da an Tu gatexili ram iyos, wmidad barZimad anu feSxumad<br />
nu iyofin da numca saxeledebin.<br />
merved: Tu visme samRudeloTagansa siberiTa Tu sxvisa romlisame<br />
mizeziTa wmidis trapezis msaxureba da wirva aRar SeeZlos, Tavisman
episkoposman ganagoT misi. da Tu Tqven ver usajoT, wmidas patriarqs<br />
moaxsenoT da sxvaT episkopozT; igini saqmes gangimarTaven, erTs gzas<br />
mogcemen da ganuweseben rasme.<br />
mecxred: Tu samRudelod wvrTili vinme ar iyos, uswavleli da<br />
ucodinari nu vin mouxdebin mRudelobad da kurTxevad, rom aRsarebis<br />
Tqmevineba ar SeeZlos; da an wmidas trapezzed idges da wmidas saxarebaSi<br />
tyuilebs ambobdes.<br />
meaTed: romelic rom Cven ver movigoneT, episkoposT marTebsT maradis<br />
mRviZare yofad.<br />
meaTerTmeted: wmidaT episkoposT TaveTs ersa da samwysosa wmidas<br />
eklesiaSi Seslva, dgoma da pirs jvaris dawera aswavlon.<br />
irakli mefisagan da yovlisa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a kaTalikoz-patriarqisa<br />
iosebisagan esreT siyvaruliT euwyos miss siwmides yovlad samRdelos<br />
arqiepiskoposs amba alaverdels zenons, wmidasa da yovlad samRudelos<br />
nekresel episkoposs dosiTeoss da wmidasa da yovlad samRudelos samebel<br />
episkoposs ioanes.<br />
Jamsa rodesac krebaSi saqarTveloT wmidaT episkoposT mouwodeT, maSin<br />
esreT gamorCeviT da pirobiT aRvTqviT, romelic zemore siiT aRwerila, rom<br />
RmrTis nebiT, yo[v]els saepiskoposoebSi esreT ganegos yovlad samRudeloT<br />
episkoposTagan. da imav krebaSic esreT ganisaja, rom Cvengan esreTiTa<br />
aRweriliTa Tqven – yovlad samRudeloTa gauwyoT.<br />
da aha, gviuwyebies Tqvenis siwmidisaTvis Jamadme, uflisa qristes<br />
aRdgomamdis, rom es unakluloT aRasruloT da aRasrulebinoTca, Tvarem<br />
icodes Tqvenma siwmidem, Cveni kaci Camoivlis im Jamzed da romelsac xucess<br />
esreT ar gaumarTavs Tavisi samwyso da Tavisi Tavic, imasac samarTliT<br />
ganvsjiT da Tqvenc dagemdurebiT.<br />
romelnic am saepiskoposoSi an Tavadni brZandebiT, an sabatios kacis<br />
Svilni, an aznauriSvilni xarT, da an moxeleni – es rom mogviweria, amazed<br />
mRviZare unda iyvneT da Tqvenni morCilnic ganaRviZoT. da wmidis eklesiis<br />
samsaxurzed da rac mogviweria amaebzed, gafrTxilebulni iyvneT da Tqveni<br />
morCilni kacnic amyofoT.<br />
da romelic episkoposman da mRudelman gamcnosT, imazeda daadgreT da<br />
daayenoT: Semwe eqmeniT episkopossa da mRudelsa am saqmezed; Cvens ukan rom<br />
Tqveni vali gaqvsT da rom unda Semwe eqmnneT, amisTvis gvicnobebia.<br />
beWedi: me fexTganbanilTa mier eklesia vadide erekle Cven, yovlisa<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikoz-patriarxi ioseb warvwerT.<br />
minaweri: ioseb kaTalikozisagan episkoposTa mimarT miwerili, Tqveni<br />
samwysoni ase daarigeTo 616 .<br />
b. [mcneba mRudelTaTvis]<br />
[1768]<br />
episkoposTa mimarT<br />
maTi umaRlesoba da ukeTilmsaxuresoba mefe irakli da maTi uwmindesoba da<br />
unetaresoba patriarxi mefis Ze antoni
esreT ganvasazRvrebT, vamcnebT, movaxsenebT, da ubrZanebT yovelTa<br />
saqarTveloБsa mRudelTmTavarTa da mwyemsTa WeSmaritTa, esreT:<br />
1. episkoposni miiyuandnen Tavisis samwysosa mRudelTa, dadgenilTa, gina<br />
axlad dasadgenTa, da keTilad ganixilviden maTsa cxovrebasa da<br />
mecnierebasa, ukeTu SemZlebel iyvnen swavlad da swavlul iyvnen SvidTa amaT<br />
saidumloTa WeSmaritad aRsrulebad.<br />
Svidni saidumloni wmidisa aRmosavleTisa ekklesiisani eseni arian:<br />
a. naTlva, b. cxeba mironisa, g. saRmrTo wirva, d. mRudlis kurTxeva da<br />
micualebulis wesT-ageba da damarxua, e. aRsarebis Tqmevineba, v. patiosani<br />
qorwineba, z. zeTis kurTxeva.<br />
amaTi srulebiT aRsruleba Tu SeeZlosT, keTil da kurTxeviT miabaron<br />
eklesia da samwyso qristesi, da waravlinon gankrZalviT mRudelobad,<br />
locviT da kurTxeviT.<br />
2. da romelTaca ar SeeZlosT am saidumloebisa aRsrulebad, ubrZanon: an<br />
TviTon Tavis ekklesiaSi miiyvanon is mRudeli episkoposTa, an romelsame<br />
monasterSi miabaron mecnierTa da egoden guls-modgined ecadnen, rom iswaon.<br />
da vinemdis iswavliden, episkoposma im samwysos sxva mRudeli ganuCinos.<br />
ukeTu iswaos am saidumloebis aRsruleba, merme samwysoc miabaros da<br />
imRudel-moqmedos.<br />
Tu ar inebos da verc iswavlos, samwyso CamoarTvan. TviTan saca undes,<br />
warvides. sxva mRudel-moqmedebas nuras ikadrebs, Tvinier wirvisa, sadac<br />
enebos wiros Tvinier sxvaTa mRudel-moqmedebaTa Sendoba aqvs, moZRvrisa<br />
Tvisisa wamebiTa.<br />
3. romelTaca ekklesiisaganTa, samRudelod ganwesebadTasa, saekklesio<br />
wignni, romelnic damWirno arian, romel amaebis ucodnelad mRudeloba ara<br />
jer-ars: daviTi, Jamnoba srulad, saxareba, samociqulo, paraklitoni,<br />
kurTxevani da kondaki _ eseni Tu icoden kargad, akurTxen.<br />
da eseni Tu ar icoden srulad, ganvakrZalebT episkoposTa: eseviTarTa nu<br />
akurTxeben.<br />
4. da romelnic episkoposni eseviTarTa umecarTa akurTxeben, uwyoden:<br />
makurTxevlica da kurTxeulica Zlierad imxilebian.<br />
5. episkoposni mRudelT - amcnebden, rom TavTavis samwysoT, eriskacTa gina<br />
qalTa, pirjvaris daweras aswavebdnen marTlad. da romelTac aRsarebis Tqma<br />
SeeZlos, uaRsarebod nu daayeneben Svidis weliwadisas. da yovels suls<br />
`wmidao RmerTs~ Tavisis muxlebiT, da `mamao Cuenos~, `miwyales~. da `mrwams~<br />
zepiriT Tqmas aswavliden da marTlmadideblobis sarwmuno[e]bis<br />
aRmsareblobasa WeSmaritsa.<br />
6. da romelTac ar iswaon da udeb iqmnen, mRudeli nuRar umRudlobs; da<br />
episkoposs Seasminos da episkoposmac sitkboebiT swrTvnas; da SiSiTaca<br />
ecadnen, rom aswavlon. Tavis nebazed nurvis Tavis samwysos nu miuSueben,<br />
nurc episkoposni da nurc mRudelni.<br />
7. sofelSi, romelic Tavi da pirveli da upatiosnesi ekklesia iyos,<br />
ganwmedilni hqondesT da dagvili, da kedelni, sarkmelni, yureni gareT da<br />
SinaT _ mowmedilni; siwmidis iaraRi da wmida sakurTxeveli da trapezi _<br />
uzeSTaesad patiosnad, trapezi _ Semosili; siwmidis samsaxurebeli: barZimi,<br />
feSxumi, kovzi da kamara _ an vecxlisa an kalisa, sxvas nivTisa ar
imsaxureba; pereqlebi da dafarna _ farCisa, wmida da uCirqo; trapezi _<br />
Semosili, raoden Zal-eduas uCirqos samosliTa; odiki _ axali, kargi da<br />
uCirqo, da am odiks sudari hqondes uCirqo, rom Sig Sexvevdes.<br />
8. mRudlis Sesamoselic, risac SemZlebel iyos, uCirqo da daukerebeli.<br />
dabebkili da Cirqiani ar ikadros msaxurebad; wmida wmidaTasa zeda<br />
sefiskueri _ rCeuli da zedaSe _ ferovani, wmida, uWango da uprkeo, sunisa<br />
da gemosi arasi sxvisa mqonebeli; kretsabmeli _ uCirqo da gasworebuli.<br />
9. agreve wignni: daviTi, Jamni, paraklitoni, Tormetis sauflos<br />
sadResaswaulo aTormetebi, dResaswaulisa da vnebisa, saxareba, samociqulo,<br />
kurTxevani da kondaki, eseni unda hqondes.<br />
10. sadac SeeZlos, brwyinuales kars karebi Seasxan da ise imRudelon, da<br />
swirevden, da samwysoc amisTanas mRudelTa da ekklesiaT hqondesT, sxvaTi ar<br />
iqneba, arc vbrZanebT.<br />
11. da ragvaradac episkoposTaTvis gvimcnia, egreT mRudelT amcnon da<br />
ganakrZalon, Torem episkoposnic kanons queS iqnebian da mRudelTac<br />
samwysoze xeli aiRon.<br />
12. Tu sxva saydaric iyos im sofelSi an siaxloes eris salocavad<br />
dResaswauli sadme icoden, da im ekklesias es ganwyobileba da samsaxurebeli<br />
ar hqondes, romlisac samwysosi iyos, im mRudelma am samudamos ekklesi[i]s<br />
samsaxurebeli wariRos yovliferi, da imiTi Seamkos is ekklesia, da ise<br />
wiros, da iqav moitanos.<br />
13. Cuen vgonebT, rom yovelTa uwyiT, garna amisi umecreba aravin qmnas, rom<br />
im dRis msaxurebeli siwmidis samsaxurebeli WurWelni, gina Sesamoseli da<br />
odiki, Tvinier wignisa, olrisa da sacecxluris meti, im dRes meored<br />
ixmaros. _ sasikvdined scodavs da ganipatiJos didad episkoposisagan.<br />
14. amasac asre gamcnebT: erTs ekklesiaSi jer-ars, raTa wmidani xatni<br />
esvenen: erTi jvarcmisa, erTi TviT macxovrisa, erTi yovlad wmidisa da erTi<br />
im ekklesiis wmidisa, romlisac saxelzed aRSenebuli aris is ekklesia da<br />
erTi saxiani jvaric wirvazed trapezzed unda idvas. umisod wmida wirva<br />
diaR Znelad iqnebis.<br />
15. da episkoposni amas ganakrZalebdeT mRudelTa: saydars Tu xatsa Tofi<br />
hqondes usjuloTa kacTagan nasroli, an xlmiT gina daniT nabrZvili hqondes<br />
da SeSlili iyos dakortnili, da raoden SemZlebel iyunen _ ganaaxlon, an<br />
axalni daaxatvinon. da Tu miZuelebulni da mifarlebulni _ kargad<br />
ganswmedden, da egreT daisuenon da Tayuaniscemden.<br />
16. amasac esreT vamcnebT da ganvakrZalebT, mRudelTa da episkoposTa<br />
mogaxsenebT, rom ganixilvideT: numca vin mRvdeli nu ikadrebs sasmlisa da<br />
saWmlis daWarbebasa da uZRebad smasa da Wamasa.<br />
17. ukueTu vinme es mcneba ar daimarxos, episkoposman amxilos, da<br />
kualadaca ar SeiSinos, ganikueTos, samwysoc CamoerTvas; amisTvis, rameTu ara<br />
jer-ars uZRebTa da memTrvaleTa mRudelobad.<br />
18. da aw naTlis-RebisaTvis esreT gamcnebT: ymawvils rodesac undodes,<br />
monaTlevdes. magram Tu daWireba ar iyos, Jamisad monaTlos. da Tu wirvamdis<br />
monaTlos, aziaros. da Tu wirvas mermeT _ im dRes nu aziarebs, Tu didaT ar<br />
uWirdes, da meores an mesames dRes aziaros wirvazed.<br />
19. Tu vin icis, mRudels romlisame mizeziT goneba xelad ar hqondes an<br />
uZlurebiT, an saWmlis da sasmlis wyeniT riTme, sanamdis gonebad ar movides,<br />
nu ikadrebs am saidumlos aRsrulebasa da nu naTel-scems.
20. Tu daWireba iyos, da ymawvilisa da im mosanaTlavis sikvdilis SiSi<br />
iyos, da arc sxua mRudeli iSoebodes siaxloes, didis sifrTxiliT maSin<br />
naTel-sces im mRudelma.<br />
da Tu momakvdavi iyos, kidec aziaros, diaR, didis sifrTxiliT da<br />
krZalviT Seaxos xeli wmida-wmidaTasa, da moZRvarsac aRuaros, da<br />
episkoposisaganac Sendoba miiRos.<br />
21. amad vafrTxilebT mRudelTa da vakrZalebT: nuraodes nu daiTrobian,<br />
Torem mRudeloba CamoerTmevaT WeSmaritad.<br />
22. romelnic an misanni an mwamvlelni arian, siyvarulisa, gina siZulilis<br />
wamlis moqmedni, anu maTni meZiebelni da mimyolni, gina meqereobisa da<br />
melobiobisa mkiTxvelni da maTni mrwmunebelni, unda Seinanon.<br />
23. da dReis iqiT Tu vinme ikadros, icoden romel maTTa episkoposTa<br />
samRudelos msjavriT ganpatiJon. da mRudels nuRar miscemen, nurc<br />
qristianed-Ra saxel-sdeben, nurc ekklesiasSi SeuSveben da nurc saflavs<br />
aRirseben.<br />
da merme maTis simaRlis mefis samSjavroSi moiyvanon da vgonebT, rom<br />
maTis keTilmorwmuneobis msjavrma sikuidiladca dasajos, rom maTzec ars<br />
samarTali ese mipyrobili.<br />
da romeli maTni morwmuneni da Semwynarebelni iqmnebian, isini xorcielad<br />
jarimiT ganipatiJebian da sulierad mRudeli aRar miecemaT.<br />
24. egreTve romelic xeTa da ZelTa, gina saddme niSTa da ZeglTa, da<br />
adgilTa raTme uekklesioTa Tayvani-scemen, maTac ase es sasjeli miecemaT,<br />
viTar-igi misanTa da mwamvlelTa.<br />
25. episkoposma saca an xe, an Zeli, an niSi da Zeglni da uekklesiod<br />
amgvarebi naxos, ZiriTurT aRmofxvras, da sawvavi dawos, da es sacduri<br />
daadumos da ga[a]qarvos.<br />
26. kviras da uqmes vakrZalebT yovelTa qristianeTa Zvelisa da axlis<br />
sjuliTa da aRqmiTa; numca vin ikadrebs kvirisa da uqmis texad, kviriakesa<br />
sruliad yoveli uqmoba jer-ars, Tvinier locvisa da wirvisa da ekklesiad<br />
misvlisa, kacTagan mipirutyvTamde; egreTve TormetTa saufloTa dReTa, da<br />
dResaswaulsa yovlad wmidisa RmrTis-mSobelisasa da saCinoTa wmidaTasa.<br />
27. amaTi wesi da rigi mRudels episkoposisagan ganewesos da mRudelma<br />
Tavis samwysos ganuwesos da Seatyobinos, rom dRes uqmi ariso.<br />
28. Tu vinme urC eqmnas da ar iuqmos, misi namoqmedi cecxliT dawvan; im<br />
kacs ormoci joxi dahkran, Tu glexi iyos. da Tu maRali vinme iyos, maTs<br />
simaRles mefes moaxsenos da iman sajos, viTa wes ars.<br />
29. aseve vamcnebT; numca vin ikadrebs pirutyvis borotis sityviT<br />
Seginebasa. amcnos mRudelma, da Tu ar daiSalos, episkoposT SeaSinon, nuRar<br />
ityvian magvars uSversa.<br />
da Tu ar daiSalon, ormoci joxi dahkran, Tu biWi iyos; da Tu kaci iyos<br />
_ mcired daarbion.<br />
30. yovelTa mRvdelT-mTavarTaTvis gvimcnia da mogvixsenebia, rom<br />
ekklesiis mamuls, nurc saxelos, nurca didsa da nuca mciresa, ase rom<br />
erTis dRis miwa iyos, gina sabostne, anu mcire saxlis alagi. ara<br />
xelewifebis micemad visdame. gina misyidvad.<br />
nurc erTs glexs, nurc saganZurs da nurc Semosavals, rac Tavisis<br />
kondakiT ar iSovos, da TviTan saxmarad ar miscemdes damWirneobisda, maTs<br />
simaRles keTil msaxurs mefes moaxsenos da miss uwmidesobas patriarxs; da
maTis jerCinebiT, Tu rigiani aris, nebas daurTven da miacemineben; da Tu<br />
arada, TviT TaviT TvisiT veraras SemZlebel ars.<br />
31. da Tu dReis waRmarT romelic episkoposi amgvarebs iqs da TavisTavad<br />
gascems an saxelosa, an miwa-alags, rogorc gvimcnia, an saganZurs da<br />
Semosavals, da ekklesias gaaRaribebs an saganZurisagan, an xatisa jvarisa<br />
Sesamoslisgan, an mamulisagan _ Tavs ar davanebebT, sarwmuno brZandeboden.<br />
ar dauTmobT.<br />
vinc Sematebas ecdeba da Semkobas, didad mmadlobelni viqnebiT.<br />
32. ekklesiis xatTaTvis, nebiTa RmrTisaTa, mxatvrebi arian da wignTaTvis<br />
stanba aris.<br />
da sxva saxmaric xom yovelive iSoveba amave Cuens sabrZanebelSi, fasiT<br />
sasyidelni. romliTame episkoposnic Seewivnen, romliTame mRudelni TviT<br />
daixarjnen da romliTame im ekklesiis Semavalni erni. da isre ganawyon<br />
ekklesiani.<br />
da nu imizezeben uqonlobasa, raTa yovelni ekklesiani nebisaebr RmrTisa<br />
da wmidaTa mamaTa mocemulisa kanunisaebr da wmidaTa oTxTa patriarxTagan<br />
damtkicebulisa, da viTarca ars yovelsa samarTlmadideblosa queyanasa Sina<br />
saberZneTisa da ruseTisasa, egreT jer-ars CuenTaca ekklesiaTa yofa, raTa<br />
Sewirul iqmnas winaSe RmrTisa msxuerpli da locva da vedreba Cveni.<br />
33. da mogvetevnen Secodebani Cvenni, da vixsnneT xilulTa da uxilavTa<br />
mterTagan mefeni, da mTavarnica, da mRudelT-mTavarni, da mRudelni, da<br />
ernica da yovelni sulni marTlmadidebelni qristianeni.<br />
yovlisa gansacdelisagan erTbaSad dacul viqmnneT uflisa da RmrTisa da<br />
macxovrisa Cuenisa ieso qristes mier, romelsa hSuenis yoveli didebaБ,<br />
pativi da Tayuanis-cema, Tana-dausabamoT mamiT da yovladwmidiT suliTurT,<br />
aw da maradis, da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.<br />
daibeWda sameufosa qalaqsa tfiliss, palatsa samefosa, qristes aqeT<br />
CRБz.<br />
wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa, irakli meore, qristes mier mefe qarTlisa, kaxeTisa,<br />
da mflobeli borCalisa, SamSadinluisa da yazaxisa, brZanebiT davamtkicebT.<br />
wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa antoni, mdabali arxiepiskoposi mcxeTisa da<br />
yovlisa zemoБsa saqarTveloБsa, brZanebiT davamtkiceb.<br />
qristes aqeT CRiА.<br />
Semdgomad amissa kidev davmeteT amas zeda:<br />
Cuen, irakli mefeman, mpyrobelman qarTlisa da kaxeTisaman, Tana-nebamyofobiTa<br />
srul erTianad Cuenis queynebis TavadTa, aznaurTa, didvaWarTa da<br />
glexTaTa, RmrTis mowyalebiT amas zeda, di[a]R, guldajerebuli varT, rom<br />
Cuens qveyanaSi arc yofila da arc aris amisTana avi RmrTis ganmarisxebeli<br />
saqmeni.<br />
magram Cuens xalxs vafrTxilebT:<br />
34. Tu vinme amisTanas saqmis mqneli gamoCndes an momwamlvelni, an kacis<br />
Semkruelni, an siyu[a]rulisa da simZulvaris wamlis mimcemelni, an<br />
jadoobisa da mkiTxaobis moqmedni, an RmrTis didad ganmarisxebelisa da<br />
miutevebelis finTisa, da myralisa, da cecxliT saukunod mwuelisa<br />
mamaTmavlobis mqnelni mamalni anu dedalni _ eseni unda Zaliani da<br />
saanadzos jajaebiT daiГocnen.
35. da es ganCineba unda yovelma episkoposma Tavis samwysos saydrebSi<br />
Tavis xalxs waukiTxon da gaafrTxilon 617 .<br />
[mcnebani maqsime kaTalikozisa mama iobisa da winamZRvar besarionisadmi]<br />
[1777 w.]<br />
afxaz-imerTa kaTolikosi maqsime Cuens suliers Svils udabnos mamas iobs<br />
da kualad erkeTis winamZRvars besarions uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristes mier<br />
locva-kurTxeviT gikiTxav; da Semdgomad amisa garwmuneb samwyosa Cemsa<br />
sakaTalikosa.<br />
1. da viTa Sendobisa Cvenisa morCil iyvneT, egreT keTilad moZRurideT,<br />
aswavlideT da zedas-zeda sulieriTa swavliTa amxilebdeT da<br />
ganamtkicebdeT.<br />
2. da ukeTu vinme samRudelo kaci uwesod iqceodes, anu nayrovanebiTa, anu<br />
mTvralobiTa da sxviTa romliTame borotiTa, amxileT, SerisxeT. da ukeTu<br />
ara Seikdimos da arca ganiSoros uweso igi qceva dascxerin mRudelobisagan.<br />
3. da kualad romelsaca mRudels wirvisa da naTvlis srulebiT<br />
aRsruleba ar Zal-edvas, Tqven aswaveT gulsmodgineT. da ukeTu keTilad ver<br />
iswa[v]os, igica daayeneT mRudelobisagan.<br />
4. da romelsaca mRudelsa mecniereba da SiSi RmrTisa aqundes da<br />
SeeZlos saidumloebis aRsruleba, man imRudelmoqmedos; xolo umecari da<br />
uSiSi RmrTisa da ukrZalveli gonebiTa yovladve nu ikadrebn msaxurebad<br />
wmidisa mis wmidaTasa.<br />
5. da egreTve, romelsaca Zal-edvas swavlad da moZRurebad, moZRurides,<br />
da romelsaca ara _ nu imoZRurebs.<br />
6. kualad amas gamcneb da gaswaveb, rom: eklesiebs ganixilvideT da mas<br />
zeda dadginebulTa mRudelTa ganakrZalebded da aswavebdeT, rom eklesia<br />
wmidad da sufTad Seinaxon; barZim-feSxumi da maTi dafarnaebi da wmidis<br />
trapezis gadasafarebeli sadac hpovoT, rom Zveli iyos, an damwvari, an<br />
daxeuli, gamoacvlevineT da ganaaxlebineT.<br />
7. da im eklesiazed mimavals ersac auwyT, rom eklesiis samsaxurebels<br />
saqmezed mRudels Seeweoden da morCil eqmneboden.<br />
8. da eseca amceniT: romelic sayovelTao uqmi dRe iyos, keTilad<br />
daimarxevden da eri srulebiT yrmiT da dedebiTurT eklesiad miiswrafiden<br />
da wirva-locvas ar daakldeboden.<br />
9. da kualad amasac ganakrZalebdeT, rom mkiTxavi ar Seiwynaron, _<br />
SeCvenebuli aris.<br />
da vinca mkiTxavi saxlad miiyvanos da akiTxvinos, mkiTxavi igi da saxlad<br />
mimyvanebelica da Semwynarebeli misi, ornive erTbamad gankveTeT da ganayeneT<br />
yovlisave qristianeTa wesisagan, ziarebisa da eklesiad mislvisagan.<br />
da nurc mkudars damarxven mkiTxavs, aramed viTarca ZaRli gancofebuli,<br />
egreT Seracxon.<br />
10. ese mcnebani yovelnive keTilad auwyeT da ganamtkiceT, da dRiTi-dRe<br />
nu daiyo[v]nebT swavlad erisa, Torem sasjelsa didsa Tanamdeb xarT.<br />
daiwera welTa qristes aqeT CRoz.<br />
beWedi; Crdilo afxaz-imerTa kaTalikosi maqsime 618 .
g. [kanonTa ganweseba codvilTaTvis<br />
anton II-is mier]<br />
[1793 w. 13 agvisto]<br />
1. Svid wel nu eziarebian wmidaTa saidumloTa. da Tu sadme sikudilad<br />
miiwios SvidTa maT weliwadTa Sina, romliTame mizeziTa aziaros sulierman<br />
mamaman. da Tu mokudes anderZi aRugos da damarxos. da Tu morCes, isev<br />
SvidTa weliwadTa Sesrulebamde nu iqmnebian miaxleba misi wmidaTa<br />
saidumloTa.<br />
2. nu Sevals eklesiasa Sina vidre samTa weliwadTa srulyofadmde,<br />
aramed hsdges gare karsa eklesiisasa wiruasa anu locvasa zeda da<br />
SemavalTa da ganmavalTagan didiTa vedrebiTa iTxovdes da Tavsa Tvissa<br />
moidrekdes maTdami da ityodes: `SemindeviT me, codvilsa~.<br />
3. da Sedgomad samisa wlisa Sevides eklesiasa Sina da sefiskveri<br />
miecemodes.<br />
4. oTxTave marxvaTa, ese igi, wmidaTa didTa ormeocTa marxvaTa Sina<br />
wmidaTa mociqulTa da RmrTismSoblis micualebisa da qristes-SobisaTa<br />
ityodes aRsarebasa da daufarvelad aRuarebdes coduaTa TvisTa da cremliT<br />
suliTa SemusrviliTa da guliTa SemusrviliTa inandes.<br />
da romelnica kanonni sulierman mamaman Tvisman misces dafarulTaTvis<br />
coduaTa, romelnica aRuarna mas, dauklebelad gardaixdides.<br />
5. wmidaTa maT didTa ormeoceTa da RmrTismSoblis marxuaTa Sina Tvinier<br />
SabaT-kvirisa nu hsuaman Rvinosa da qristes-Sobis marxvaTa da mociqulTa<br />
marxvaTa Sina oTxSabaT-paraskevsa esreTve nu suamn da xsnilsa SvideulTa<br />
samTa weliwadTa orSabaTsa xorcsa nu sWamen da oTxSabaT-paraskevsa Tevzsa,<br />
Tvinier sauflosa dResaswaulisa da ganwesebulisa tibikonisa.<br />
6. mouklebelad Tvissa ganwesebulsa saidumlosa locuasa ilocvides da<br />
wirvasa da locvasa eklesiisasa nu daakldebin da TВToeulsa dResa Sina<br />
hyofdes metaniasa assa: ormeocsa didsa metaniasa da sameocsa xelis metaniasa<br />
da ityodes TiToeulsa zeda: `RmerTo, milxine me codВlsa amas da Semiwyale<br />
me~.<br />
7. samsa weliwadsa vidre Seslvadmde eklesiasa Sina nu moiparsavn Tmasa<br />
da nurca wversa da Seimosos kvarTi da sarvari samoslisa.<br />
8. Semdgomad amaTsa ukeTu SemZlebel iyos, daixsnas tyve; da ukeTu ara,<br />
SeZlebisaebr Tvisisa sxvasa damxsnelsa visme Seewios.<br />
9. erTsa weliwadsa suliersa mamasa TВssa ormeocdaaTsa awirvinebdes<br />
codvis mitevebisaTvis Tavisa TВsisa da gansvenebisaTvis mis mier moklulisa.<br />
10. romelic mRudelmTavris misarTmevi sakanonos debuleba iyos,<br />
SeZlebisaebri dauyovneblad miarTvas da esreT srulhyos ganwesebulni ese<br />
kanonni.<br />
welsa CRJg, TTuesa agvistosa ig.<br />
xelrTva: kaTalikozi. mdabali mitropoliti mixail 619 .
11. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> pirveli saeklesio krebis<br />
(9-17.09.1917) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliis gamocxadebis Semdeg (12.03.1917)<br />
ruseTis droebiTma mTavrobam 1917 wlis 27 marts scno <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgena da uwoda mas `qarTuli eklesiis TviTgamorkvevis<br />
udidesi aqti~.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis droebiTma mmarTvelobam 1917 wlis agvistoSi<br />
gadawyvita moewvia sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio kreba. agvistos damlevsa<br />
da seqtembris dasawyisSi mTel saqarTveloSi mimdinareobda am krebis<br />
delegatTa arCevnebi.<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> I saeklesio kreba (avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg)<br />
gaixsna 1917 wlis 9 seqtembers dRis 12 saaTze sionis taZarSi. krebas<br />
Tavmjdomareobda mitropoliti leonide, prezidiumSi arCeul iyvnen: giorgi<br />
KJuruli, trifon jafariZe da spiridon kedia. krebis dRis wesrigis<br />
umTavresi sakiTxi iyo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis<br />
proeqtis ganxilva, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sasuliero saswavleblebis keTilmowyoba-<br />
uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebi, soxumis eparqiis sakiTxi da kaTalikos-patriarqis<br />
arCevnebi.<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> I-ma saeklesio krebam miiRo `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
marTva-gamgeobis debuleba~. am debulebiT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia aerTianebda<br />
yvela marTlmadidebel qarTvels da agreTve araqarTvel<br />
marTlmadideblebsac, romlebic cxovrobdnen <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> Zveli<br />
sakaTalikosos sazRvrebSi.<br />
marTva-gamgeobis mxriv <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia iyofoda eparqiebad,<br />
eparqiebi-olqebad, xolo olqebi-samrevloebad. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi<br />
Sedioda sul 13 <strong>eparqia</strong>. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias mTlianad ganagebdnen
saeklesio krebebi (sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisa, saeparqio, saolqo da<br />
samrevlo), romelTa aRmasrulebeli organo iyo sabWo (sakaTalikoso,<br />
saolqo, samrevlo). <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias, wesdebis mixedviT, ganagebda<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio kreba, romelic Sedgeboda samRvdeloTa,<br />
monazonTa da saero warmomadgenlobisagan. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
krebis Tavmjdomared unda yofiliyo kaTalikosi, misi aryofnis dros ki misi<br />
mosaydre.<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis krebis kompetenciaSi Sedioda:<br />
adgilobrivi saeklesio samarTali, kaTalikosis, sakaTalikoso sabWosa da<br />
sakaTalikoso sasamarTlos wevrebisa da kandidatebis arCeva, axali<br />
eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta sazRvrebis gadamijvna da kaTedrebis<br />
aRdgena an daarseba, zrunva sasuliero saswavlebelTa daarsebisa an<br />
nivTierad uzrunvelyofisaTvis. saeklesio krebis aRmasrulebeli mudmivi<br />
organo iyo sakaTalikoso sabWo. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikos-patriarqi,<br />
saWeTmpyrobeli eklesiisa, imave dros iyo mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTisa. mas<br />
irCevda sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio kreba, Semdgari rogorc sasuliero,<br />
aseve saero pirebisagan.<br />
krebam airCia sruliad saqaTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqad wmida kirioni<br />
(saZagliSvili) da mogvca eklesiis marTvis debuleba.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba<br />
debulebani<br />
miRebuli sruliad saqarTveloБs 1917 wlis saeklesio krebaze<br />
$1. marTva-gamgeobis mxriT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia ganiyofa eparqiebad da<br />
eparqiebi olqebad, xolo olqebi samrevloebad.<br />
$2. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi Semdegi eparqiebia:
a) mcxeTisa, romlis mwyemsmTavari aris `mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da<br />
sruliad saqarTveloБs kaTolikoz-patriarqi~. samwyso: <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
wm. dedaqalaqi mcxeTa, orisave aragvisa da qsan-lexuris xeobani (teritoria<br />
Zveli eparqiebis: mcxeTisa, wilknisa da samTavisis), rasac Seicavs exlandeli<br />
duSeTis mazra Semdegis cvlilebiT: dasavleTiT emateba qsan-lexuris<br />
xeobaTa qvemo-nawili vidre wlevis mTamde, xolo aRmosavleTiT akldeba<br />
aragvis aRmosavleTi sanapiro, romlis erTi nawili, - nokornis qedis qvemod,<br />
Sedis tfilelis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si (saguramos ubani), xolo zemo-nawili (xarWiSos<br />
ubani), - Seadgens alaverdelis samwysos. kaTedra eparqiisa aris mcxeTa<br />
(sveti-cxovelSi), xolo kaTolikozis rezidencia – tfilisSi.<br />
S e n i S v n a : kaTolikoz-patriarqis pirdapir samwysos Seadgens agreTve <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> gared mcxovrebi<br />
qarTveloba.<br />
b) tfilisisa. samwyso: gare-qarTli da gare-kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: tfilisis, <strong>manglis</strong>is, <strong>walkis</strong>, dmanisis, bolnisis, winwyarosi,<br />
agarakis, rusTavis, kawareTisa da ninowmidis), rasac Seadgens exlandeli<br />
tfilisis da borCalos mazrebi da amaT garda saguramos ubani da bambakis<br />
xeoba. kaTedra mwyesTmTavarisa - tfilisSi (sionSi), rezidencia – iqve. pativi<br />
mwyemsTmTavrisa: `tfileli mitropoliti~.<br />
S e n i S v n a : tfileli, rogorc kaTolikozis uaxloesi adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari, aris mosaydre kaTolikozisa.<br />
g) alaverdisa. samwyso: Sida-kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: alaverdisa,<br />
nekresisa da xarWaSenis), rasac Seicavs exlandeli Telavisa da TianeTis<br />
mazrebi xarWiSos ubnis mimatebiT da amaT garda didoeT-durZukeTi, miwerili<br />
Tergisa da daRestnis mxareebze. kaTedra – alaverdSi, rezidencia<br />
mRvdelmTavrisa q.TelavSi. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa aris - `alaverdeli<br />
episkopozi~ (anu `abba alaverdeli~).<br />
d) bodbisa. samwyso: hereTi, rani, Saqi da wuqeTi (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: bodbisa, Weremisa, giSisa da xoranabujis), rasac Seadgens<br />
exlandeli mazrebi da olqebi – siRnaRisa, zaqaTalisa, samurisa, nuxisa,<br />
areSisa, ganjisa da yazaxisa. kaTedra - bodbeSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa –<br />
q.siRnaRSi. pativi mRvdelmTavris: bodbeli episkopozi.<br />
e) urbnisisa. samwyso: Sida-qarTli (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: urbnisis,<br />
ruisis, niqozisa da samTavrosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli goris mazra,<br />
garda borjomis xeobisa da samTavisis ubnisa, da amas garda dvaleTi,<br />
miwerili Tergis mxareze. kaTedra – urbnisSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa –<br />
q.gorSi. mRvdelmTavris pativi: urbneli episkopozi.<br />
v) awyurisa. samwyso: samcxe, javaxeTi da zemo-somxeTi (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: awyuris, wurwyabis, kumurdosi, eruSeTis, dadaSenis, wyarosTavis,<br />
anisis, karisa da alaSkertis), rasac Seadgens exlandeli axalcixis mazra –<br />
borjomis xeobis mimatebiT, axalqalaqis mazra, artaanis olqi, yarsis olqi,<br />
yadzevanis olqi, gumbris mazra da amaT garda ori olqi osmaleTis<br />
sazRvrebSi – basiani da alaSkerti. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa – awyverSi<br />
(droebiT zarzmaSi), rezidencia q.axalcixeSi. mRvdelmTavris pativi -<br />
`mawyvereli episkopozi~.<br />
z) quTaisisa. samwyso: qvemo-imereTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: quTaisisa<br />
da xonis), - exlandeli quTaisis mazra md. wyalwiTelas qvemod. kaTedra –<br />
quTaisSi da mwyemsmTavris rezidencia iqve. mwyemsmTavris pativi aris -<br />
`quTaTeli mitropoliti~.
А) genaTisa. samwyso: zemo-imereTi (teritoria genaTis Zveli eparqiisa), -<br />
exlandeli Sorapnis mazra da okriba md. wyalwiTelas zemod. kaTedra<br />
mRvdelmTavrisa – gelaTSi, rezidencia – q. zestafonSi. mRvdelmTavris<br />
pativi: `genaTeli episkopozi~.<br />
T) nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa), -<br />
exlandeli raWis mazra. kaTedra – nikorwmidaSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa<br />
– onSi. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `nikorwmideli episkopozi~.<br />
i) cagerisa. samwyso: leCxum-svaneTi (teritoria – cageris Zveli eparqiisa),<br />
exlandeli leCxumis mazra. kaTedra – cagerSi, mRvdelmTavris rezidencia –<br />
iqve. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `cagereli episkopozi~.<br />
ia) Wyondidisa. samwyso: odiSi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: Wyondidis,<br />
caiSisa da walenjixasi), exlandeli senakisa da zugdidis mazrebi. kaTedra<br />
mwyemsmTavrisa – martvilSi, rezidencia – q.foTSi. pativi mwyemsmTavrisa aris<br />
- `Wyondideli mitropoliti~.<br />
ib) baTom-Semoqmedisa. samwyso: guria, taoklarjeTi da WaneTi (teritoria<br />
Zveli eparqiebisa: xinowmidisa – imave baTomis, Semoqmedis, jumaTis,<br />
satrafelasi, tbeTis, anCis, iSxanisa da banis), rasac Seicavs: ruseTis<br />
sazRvrebSi – exlandeli ozurgeTis mazra, baTomis, arTvinis da olTisis<br />
olqebi, xolo osmaleTis sazRvrebSi – olqebi: TorTomi, kiskimi, ispiri,<br />
rize, aTina da xofa. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa – q.baTomSi da rezidencia iqve.<br />
pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi~.<br />
ig) cxum-bediisa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: drandisa – imave cxumis,<br />
bediisa, moqvisa da biWvinTisa). exlandeli soxumis olqi gagris ubnis<br />
mimatebiT. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia – iqve.<br />
mRvdelmTavris pativi aris - `cxumel-bedieli episkopozi~.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . mitropolitebi pativiT episko[pozebze maRla dganan. samitropolito kaTedrebi<br />
ierarqiulad Tanasworni arian, agreTve saepiskopozo kaTedrebi. mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul iqmnebian xeldasxmis (qirotoniis)<br />
uxucesobis mixedviT. gamonaklisia mxolod tfileli mitropoliti, rodesac igi faqtiurad kaTolikozis mosaydreobas asrulebs.<br />
S e n i S v n a 2. am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis.<br />
$3. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias mTlianad da nawilobriv (<strong>eparqia</strong>s, olqsa da<br />
samrevlos) ganageben krebebi (sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisa, saeparqio,<br />
saolqo da samrevlo), romelTac aRmasrulebel organoebad hyavs sabWoebi<br />
(sakaTolikozo, saeparqio, saolqo da samrevlo).<br />
mTavari gamgeoba $4. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias ganagebs sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio kreba, romelsac Seadgens eklesiis srul-wlovan<br />
wevrTa warmomadgenlebi, ganurCevlad sqesisa, Tanamdebobisa da xarisxisa,<br />
TiToeul olqidan oTx-oTxi kaci, amaT garda saeklesio krebis aucilebel<br />
wevrebad iTvlebian yvela mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi.<br />
$5. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebas Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozi,<br />
xolo, roca igi ar aris, misi mosaydre, da Tu mosaydrec ar aris, erT-erTi<br />
mRvdelmTavari krebis arCeviT. krebave airCevs prezidiumis danarCen wevrebsa<br />
da mdivnebs. kreba aris Cveulebrivi – xuT weliwadSi erTxel, da<br />
araCveulebrivi – roca saWiroeba moiTxovs, Cveulebriv krebas iwvevs<br />
kaTolikozi, xolo araCveulebrivs an kaTolikozi, an sakaTolikozo sabWo,<br />
saeparqio sabWoTa umravlesobis TanxmobiT. kreba kanonieria, Tu mowveulTa<br />
erTi mesamedi mainc gamocxaddeba.<br />
$6. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebis kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a)<br />
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba; b) uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali; g)
sabolood garCeva da gadawyveta im saqmeebisa, romelTac mas sakaTolikozo<br />
sabWo warmoudgens; d) arCeva sakaTolikozo sabWos da sakaTolikozo<br />
sasamarTlos wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa; e) Zveli kaTedrebis aRdgena,<br />
axali eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta daxurva da sazRvrebis<br />
gamijvna; v) zrunva sasuliero saswavlebelTa daarsebisa da nivTierad<br />
uzrunvelyofisaTvis; z) mTavari marTva-gamgeobis organoTa Statebis<br />
damtkiceba.<br />
$7. saeklesio krebis mudmivi aRmasrulebeli organo aris sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
sakaTolikozos sabWo (anu SemoklebiT `sakaTolikozo sabWo~). sakaTolikozo sabWo Sesdgeba<br />
Tormet wevrisagan. sabWos wevrad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes qalica da kacic,<br />
rogorc krebis delegatTa, ise ara-delegatTagan. sabWos wevrni, agreTve<br />
oTxi maTi kandidati, aRirCevian saeklesio krebis mier xuTis wlis vadiT da<br />
SeuZlianT xel-axla arCeul iqmnen. sabWos Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozpatriarqi,<br />
xolo roca is avad aris an sxvagan sadme, misi mosaydre.<br />
dasaxelebul Tormet wevrTa garda sabWoSi gadamwyvetis xmiT monawileobas<br />
iRebs or-ori mRvdelmTavari, romelnic gamoiwvevian eparqiebidan rigrigobiT<br />
ori Tvis vadiT, agreTve TiTo warmomadgeneli saeparqio sabWoTa, Tu<br />
ukanasknelni saWirod da TavisaTvis SesaZleblad dainaxaven maT<br />
warmogzavnas. sabWos sxdomis dReebisa da saqmeebis ganxilvis rigs awesebs<br />
Tavmjdomare. sxdoma kviraSi orjer mainc unda moxdes da is kanonieria, Tu<br />
rva wevri mainc daeswreba TavmjdomariTurT. sabWoSi sakiTxi ubralo xmis<br />
umetesobiT swydeba, xolo roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri<br />
upiratesobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.<br />
$8. sakaTolikozo sabWos samsaxuris mxriT eqvemdebarebian rogorc<br />
mRvdelmTavarni da sasuliero pirni, agreTve saeklesio dawesebulebani da<br />
maTSi mosamsaxureni, xolo sarwmunoebisa da saeklesio disciplinis mxriT<br />
yoveli wevrni <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisa. sabWos dadgenilebani savaldebuloa<br />
yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da eklesiis wevrTaTvis; imaTi Secvla<br />
SeuZlia mxolod sabWos da saeklesio krebas. sakaTolikozo sabWo Tavis<br />
funqciebis aRsrulebis dros xelmZRvanelobs saRmrTo weriliT, msoflio da<br />
adgilobriv (maT Soris <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis) krebaTa dadgenilebiT da<br />
saxelmwifoSi momqmed kanonmdeblobiT. sakaTolikozo sabWos aqvs damxmare<br />
organoebi: kancelaria, samoswavlo komiteti, sameurneo gamgeoba da<br />
samonastro gamgeoba: amaT garda sabWos hyavs iuriskonsulti.<br />
$9. sakaTolikozo sabWos eqvemdebareba Semdegi saqmeebi: a) zrunva<br />
saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa da qarTuli RvTismetyvelebis ayvavebisa da<br />
Seuryvnelad dacvisaTvis; b) zrunva samwysoTa sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi<br />
warmatebisaTvis; g) saeklesio kanonTa da <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebis<br />
dadgenilebaTa ganmarteba; roca saWiroeba moiTxovs, axali kanon-proeqtis<br />
SemuSaveba da saeparqio sabWoebTan SeTanxmebiT, droebiT, morig saeklesio<br />
krebamde, cxovrebaSi gatareba; krebas ufleba aqvs daadasturos an uarhyos am<br />
wesiTY cxovrebaSi gatarebuli kanoni; d) Tvalyuris devneba mis qveiT mdgom<br />
pirTa da dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; e) zrunva monasterTa, taZarTa,<br />
saqvelmoqmedo da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa keTil-mowyobisa da<br />
warmatebisaTvis; v) winawari ganxilva da saTanado dawesebulebaTa winaSe<br />
Suamdgomlobis aRZrva monasterTa, eklesiaTa, saqvelmoqmedo da samoswavlosaganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebaTa daarsebis Sesaxeb; z) saTanado saxelmwifo<br />
dawesebulebaTa da Tanamdebobis pirTa winaSe saeklesio saqmeTa gamo
Suamdgomlobis aRZrva; А) zrunva samRvdeloebis qonebrivad uzrunvelyofisaTvis;<br />
T) zrunva samsaxuridan gasul samRvdelo pirTa, saeklesio<br />
moxeleTa da samRvdelobis qvriv-obolTaTvis; i) zrunva saRmrTo da<br />
saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro wignTa Sedgenisa, Sesworebisa da gamocemisaTvis;<br />
ia) mRvdelmTavarTa, Tanaxmad maTis Txovnisa, samsaxuridan ganTavisufleba;<br />
ib) reviziis daniSvna sxva da sxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo; ig)<br />
eparqiebisa da saeklesio dawesebulebaTa xarjTaRricxvis ganxilvadamtkiceba;<br />
id) saeparqio da sxva da sxva saeklesio dawesebulebaTa wliuri<br />
angariSebis ganxilva da mTeli sakaTolikozoБs wliuri angariSis Sedgena<br />
krebisaTvis warsadgenad; ie) saeklesio uZrav qonebaTa SeZena-ganTvisebis<br />
damtkiceba; iv) sabolood garCeva da damtkiceba saeparqio sabWoTagan<br />
Semosul saqmeTa; iz) nebarTva sakaTolikozoSi nebayoflobiTi Sewirulebis<br />
saqvelmoqmedo mizniT Sekrebisa; iА) sxva avtokefalur eklesiebTan<br />
urTierTobis daWera; iT) winaswari muSaoba sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio<br />
krebis mowvevisaTvis da agreTve am krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa damuSaveba<br />
da masalebis Sekreba; k) xelmZRvaneloba kaTolikozis arCevnebisa; ka) micema<br />
droebiTis Tavisuflebisa, erT Tveze metis vadiT, episkopozebisa,<br />
sakaTolikozo sabWoБsa da sakaTolikozo sasamarTloБs wevrebisa da<br />
sabWoБs damxmare organoTa gamgeTaTvis; kb) ganxilva da gadawyveta im<br />
saqmeebisa, romelnic saeparqio sabWoebidan gadmoecema; kg) zrunva galobis<br />
aRdgena-gamSvenebisaTvis; kd) zrunva saarqeologio naSTTa dacvisaTvis.<br />
$10. kaTolikozi. saWeTmpyroblad (mTavar-winamZRvrad) eklesiisa iTvleba<br />
mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da sruliad saqarTveloБs kaTolikoz-patriarqi,<br />
romelsac irCevs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis yvela srulwlovani wevri<br />
pirdapiris, sayovelTao, Tanasworis da farulis xmis micemiT.<br />
S e n i S v n a : sakaTolikozo kandidatisaTvis berobis miReba savaldebulo araa. fizikurisa da zneobrivis mxriT<br />
igi unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas da unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi sazogado ganaTleba da Sesaferi<br />
saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba.<br />
$11. kaTolikoz-patriarqi aris `pirveli TanasworTa Soris~ (mociq. kan. 34)<br />
da misi kompetencia aseTia: a) is Tavmjdomareobs sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
saeklesio krebas, sakaTolikozo sabWos da sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos; b)<br />
mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs sakaTolikozos eparqiebs da xelmZRvanelobas<br />
uwevs episkopozebs saeparqio mTavar-gamgeobaSi; g) mis saxels ixsenieben<br />
wirva-locvis dros sakaTolikozoБs mRvdelmTavarni da samRvdeloeba; d) igi<br />
aZlevs droebiTs Tavisuflebas: episkopozebs, sakaTolikozo sabWoisa da<br />
sasamarTlois wevrebs da sabWois damxmare organoTa gamgeebs ara umetes<br />
erTi Tvisa weliwadSi, xolo saeparqio marTva-gamgeobis organoTa da<br />
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareebs da wevrebs ori Tvidan da mets; e) agreTve<br />
aZlevs daTxovniTs sigelebs im episkopozebs, romelnic eparqiidan droebiT<br />
sxvagan sadme midian; v) rogorc Tavmjdomare sakaTolikozo sasamarTlosi,<br />
igi iRebs saCivars episkopozTa, sakaTolikozo sabWos da sasamarTlos<br />
wevrTa, saeparqio krebaTa da saeparqio dawesebulebaTa (sabWos da<br />
sasamarTlos) Sesaxeb da aZlevs am saCivars kanonier msvlelobas; z) rogorc<br />
Tavmjdomare sakaTolikozo sabWosi, is zrunavs uepiskoposod darCenil<br />
eparqiebisaTvis; А) saWiro SemTxvevaSi, sabWos mindobilobiT, is aZlevs<br />
rCevas da mwyemsmTavrul SeniSvnas episkopozebsa da saeparqio marTvagamgeobis<br />
organoTa da sasamarTlois Tavmjdomareebsa da wevrebs; T)<br />
sabWosave mondobilobiT imas miwer-mowera aqvs sxva avtokefalur
eklesiebTan da saxelmwifos umaRles dawesebulebebTan; i) moiwvevs<br />
Cveulebriv saeklesio krebas da araCveulebrivs saeparqio sabWoTa<br />
umravlesobis TanxmobiT.<br />
saeparqio marTva-gamgeoba $12. saeparqio mmarTvelobis mTavari organo<br />
aris saeparqio kreba, romelzedac TviToeuli olqi hgzavnis oTxs warmomadgenels.<br />
kreba orgvaria: Cveulebrivi, weliwadSi erTxel, da araCveulebrivi –<br />
saWiroebisdagvarad. krebas Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari;<br />
roca mRvdelmTavari ar aris, kreba TiTon irCevs Tavmjdomares samRvdelo<br />
pirTa Soris. krebave irCevs prezidiumis danarCen wevrebs da mdivnebsac. kreba<br />
kanonieria, Tu masze gamocxadda ara umcires mowveulTa naxevrisa.<br />
$13. saeparqio krebis uflebas Seadgens: a) saeparqio sabWoБs da saeparqio<br />
sasamarTloБs wevrTa da maTi kandidatebis arCeva; b) Tvalyuris devneba<br />
saeparqio cxovrebisa da saeparqio dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; g) eparqiis<br />
danawileba olqebad, an arsebul olqTa gadamijvna; d) zrunva saeklesio,<br />
samoswavlo da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa daarsebisa, gaumjobesebisa<br />
da nivTier saSualebaTa gamonaxvisaTvis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si; e) adgilobrivi sabWos<br />
mier SemuSavebul wesebis da instruqciebis damtkiceba; v) zrunva galobis<br />
gaumjobesebisaTvis da agreTve zrunva siZveleTa dacvisaTvis.<br />
$14. saeparqio krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris saeparqio sabWo. sabWos<br />
Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari, xolo, roca igi araa, maSin<br />
sabWos wevrebi Tvis Soris airCeven Tavmjdomares samRvdelo pirTagan. sabWo<br />
Sesdgeba eqvsi wevrisagan, romelTac irCevs kreba rogorc sasuliero, ise<br />
saero pirTagan. sabWos wevrebi irCevian saeparqio krebis mier sami wlis<br />
vadiT. amaT garda sabWos hyavs mdivani, romelsac TviT sabWo moiwvevs.<br />
$15. saeparqio sabWos kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a) sarwmunoebis da<br />
zneobis dacva-ganmtkicebisaTvis zrunva <strong>eparqia</strong>Si; b) Tvalyuris devneba<br />
samonastro da saeklesio qonebaTa marTva-gamgeobisa <strong>eparqia</strong>Si; g) ganxilva im<br />
saqmeebisa, romelTac mas saolqo krebebi an saolqo sabWoebi warmoudgenen;<br />
d) Tvalyuris devneba yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da saeklesio<br />
Tanamdebobis pirTa moqmedebisa <strong>eparqia</strong>Si; e) ganxilva sakiTxisa axali<br />
olqebis gaxsnis an arsebul olqTa Semcirebisa gind gayofisa da<br />
gadamijvnisa eparqiis farglebSi; v) saeparqio krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa<br />
winaswari damuSaveba; z) gacema iseTi dokumentebisa, romelnic morwmuneTa<br />
moqalaqeobriv mdgomareobas Seexebian; А) saeparqio wliur angariSis Sedgena<br />
saeparqio krebisa da sakaTolikozo sabWosaTvis warsadgenad; T) berobisa da<br />
sasuliero wodebidan ganTavisufleba.<br />
SeniSvna: saqmeebi wydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT; magram, roca sabWosa da mRvdelmTavars Soris uTanxmoebaa,<br />
maSin sadavo saqme gadaecema sakaTolikozo sabWos.<br />
$16. episkopozi. episkopozi aris eparqiis sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi cxovrebis<br />
xelmZRvaneli da ganagebs <strong>eparqia</strong>s saeparqio sabWosTan erTad. saepiskopozo<br />
kandidati aRirCevis sayovelTao, pirdapiri, Tanaswori da faruli xmis<br />
micemiT, xolo xeldaasxams mas kaTolikozi episkopozTa krebiTurT.<br />
saepiskopozo kandidats unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesio ganaTleba da<br />
Sesaferi saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba, xolo ukidures SemTxvevaSi ara<br />
umcires saSualo saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebisa; fizikurad da zneobrivad<br />
unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas.
S e n i S v n a: saepiskopozo kandidatisaTvis berad Sedgoma savaldebulo ar aris.<br />
$17. episkopozis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) sruli ufleba mTels <strong>eparqia</strong>Si<br />
swavla-moZRvrebisa; b) ufleba yovelgvaris mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebisa; g)<br />
zrunva, raTa mis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si morwmuneni saRs saeklesio swavlebas icavdnen; d)<br />
mas aqvs ufleba axsnas qorwinebis dros zogierTi dabrkolebani, romelnic<br />
naTesauri kavSiridan gamomdinareoben; e) sarwmunoebriv saqmeebSi masze<br />
damokidebuli arian epaqriis yvela wevrebi; v) mis saxels aRavlens wirvalocvis<br />
dros mTeli eparqiis samRvdeloeba; z) is aZlevs droebiTs<br />
Tavisuflebas, ara umetes erTi Tvisa, saeparqio dawesebulebebSi<br />
mosamsaxureT, - episkopozi valdebulia: a) daemorCilos saeklesio kanonebsa<br />
da mTavar saeklesio mmrTvelobis mier kanonierad gamocemuls<br />
dadgenilebaTa, xolo roca ama Tu im saeklesio kanonisa an dadgenilebis<br />
DSesaxeb gaugebroba rame daibadeba, gansamarteblad mTavar saeklesio<br />
mTavrobas mihmarTos; b) cxoveli kavSiri iqonios samwysosTan da am mizniT<br />
xSir-xSirad mimoixilos Tavisi <strong>eparqia</strong>; g) yvelaferSi daemorCilos sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebas da, roca sakaTolikozo sabWo miiwvevs,<br />
aRniSnul krebaze gamocxaddes; d) mTavari saeklesio mTavrobis<br />
nebadaurTvelad ara moimoqmedos ra iseTi, rac mis uflebas aRemateba; e)<br />
wirva-locvis dros kaTolikozis saxels ixseniebdes; v) sxva <strong>eparqia</strong>Si Tavisi<br />
nebiT ara daiwyos ra; z) pativiscemiT epyrobodes sxva mRvdelmTavrebs,<br />
saeparqio sabWoebsa da saeparqio gadawyvetilebas. – rogorc saeparqio<br />
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, episkopozs ufleba aqvs, am sasamarTlos<br />
ganaCenis Tanaxmad, damnaSave mRvdeli mRvdelmoqmedebidan gankveTos, epitemia<br />
daados, anu moxsnas da sxv.<br />
saolqo mmarTveloba $18. saeklesio olqSi Sedis ara umcires 10-isa da<br />
ara umetes 15-is samrevloisa.<br />
$19. olqs ganagebs saolqo kreba, romelSiac monawileobas iRebs olqis<br />
TviTeuli samrevlodan ori-ori warmomadgeneli. krebas Tavmjdomareobs<br />
samRvdelo piri krebisave arCeviT. saolqo krebas iwvevs saolqo sabWo da igi<br />
kanonieria, Tu masze gamocxaddeba ara umcires yvela wevrTa naxevrisa.<br />
saolqo kreba aris: Cveulebrivi – weliwadSi orjel da araCveulebrivi –<br />
saWiroebisadagvarad.<br />
$20. saolqo krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) saolqo sabWosi da saolqo<br />
sasamarTlos wevrTa da maTi kandidatebis arCeva, agreTve arCeva<br />
delegatebisa saeparqio da sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebisaTvis; b)<br />
zrunva samrevloebSi saeklesio cxovrebis mowesrigebisa da warmatebisaTvis;<br />
g) zrunva qvriv-obol-gaWivrebulTaTvis, da sazogadod saqvelmoqmedo saqmis<br />
moywoba olqSi; d) saolqo sabWos moqmedebis angariSTa ganxilva; e)<br />
Suamdgomlobis aRZvra da mosazrebaTa wardgena Sesaxeb axalis samrevlebis<br />
daarsebisa, arsebul samrevloTa gayofisa da Semcirebisa; v) sasyidlis<br />
daniSvna saolqo sabWoБs da saolqo sasamarTloБs mdivnisa da saqmis<br />
mwarmoebelisaTvis.<br />
$21. saolqo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris saolqo sabWo, romelic<br />
Sesdgeba Tavmjdomarisa (usaTuod mRvdeli unda iyos) da eqvsi wevrisagan,<br />
romelRac irCevs saolqo kreba sami wlis vadiT, rogorc saero, agreTve<br />
sasuliero pirTagan. sabWos hyavs mdivani, romelsac iwvevs TviT sabWo.
$22. saolqo sabWo: a) adgens saolqo wliur angariSs, romelsac warudgens<br />
saolqo krebasa da saeparqio sabWos; b) winaswar daamuSavebs sakiTxebs,<br />
romelic saolqo krebas unda waredginos gansaxilvelad; g) iwvevs saolqo<br />
krebas da xelmZRvanelobas uwevs samrevlo krebebs wevrTa arCevaSi; d)<br />
iZleva saWiro cnobebs olqis dawesebulebaTa da mosamsaxure pirTa Sesaxeb,<br />
roca amas umaRlesi saeklesio dawesebulebani moiTxoven; e) zrunavs<br />
moawesrigos krebulis wevrTa Soris amtydari uTanxmoebani saZmo<br />
Semosavlisa da sazogadod sameurneo saqmeebis gamo, agreTve amave xasiaTis<br />
uTanxmoebani krebulis wevrTa da samrevlo sabWoebs Soris da sxv.<br />
S e n i S v n a . dawvrilebiTs instruqcias saolqo sabWoebisaTvis SeimuSavebs sakaTolikozo sabWo.<br />
samrevlo $23. samrevlo aris erTis sarwmunoebriv-zneobriobis mizniT,<br />
urTierTis daxmarebis azriT, saeklesio meurneobiT, sakuTaris krebulis<br />
xelmZRvanelobiT, saerTo taZris garSemo Semokrebili da episkopozze<br />
kanoniurad damokidebuli morwmuneTa sazogadoeba.<br />
S e n i S v n a . samrevlo iuridiul pirs warmoadgens.<br />
$24. samrevlos gaxsna ar SeiZleba, ukeTu morwmuneTa ricxvi imdenad<br />
mcirea, rom sakuTari taZrisa da krebulis Senaxva ar SeuZliaT. TviTeul<br />
samrevlos uWiravs gansazRvruli teritoria, romlis sazRvrebi SeiZleba<br />
Seicvalos sxva samrevloebTan SeTanxmebiT da saTanado saeklesio mTavrobis<br />
nebarTviT.<br />
S e n i S v n a . qalaqebSi samrevloTaTvis teritoriuli principis dacva savaldebulo ar aris.<br />
$25. mrevlad iTvleba yoveli morwmune, romelic gansazRvruls samrevlos<br />
ekuTvnis, Setanilia samrevlo wignSi da monawileobas iRebs yvela xarjebSi,<br />
rasac samrevlo eweva.<br />
S e n i S v n a . rodesac morwmunes erTi samrevlos teritoriidan meoresaSi uxdeba gadasvla (magal.<br />
qalaqebSi), mas SeuZlia, Tu moisurvebs, winandeli samrevlos wevrad darCes.<br />
$26. yovel samrevlos aqvs Tavisi sakuTreba, rasac Seadgenen sxvadasxva<br />
saxelwodebisa da daniSnulebis Tanxebi da maTi Semosavali, sanTlis mogeba,<br />
taZarSi, samrevloSi an sxvagan Segrovili Semowiruloba, sasaflaos<br />
Semosavali, samrevlo da sakrebulo adgilmamuli da misi Semosavali,<br />
yovelgvari saganmanaTleblo da saqvelmoqmedo xasiaTis Semowiruleba,<br />
sakrebulo saxlebi, taZari da misi samkauli, sasaflao da sxva. am<br />
sakuTrebas samrevlo ganagebs Sesafer organoTa saSualebiT.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . taZari aris morwmuneTa samlocvelo Senoba, samrevlo, saeklesio, saxelmwifo anu<br />
kerZo qvelmoqmedTa xarjiT agebuli. erTsa da imave samrevloSi SeiZleba iyos zedmiwerili taZari, romelSiac, Tu saWiroeba<br />
moiTxovs da mosaxerxebelic iqneba, sruldeba yovelgvari RvTismsaxureba.<br />
S e n i S v n a 2 . micvalebulTa dasamarxad samrevlos miCenili aqvs sagangebo adgili-sasaflao. samrevlos<br />
SeuZlia saflavebisaTvis gansazRvruli fasi daawesos, mxolod Raribebi ufasod unda imarxeboden.<br />
$27. rodesac samrevlo sabolood ixureba, misi qoneba gadadis<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis kuTvnilebad: Tu is sxva samrevlos miewera, imisi<br />
qoneba ukanasknelis kuTvnilebad iqceva; xolo rodesac samrevlos romelime<br />
nawili damoukidebel samrevlod gamoiyofa, imas saerTo qonebidan miecema<br />
dakmayofileba ZiriTadis samrevlos gadawyvetilebisameber.<br />
$28. samrevlos ganagebs samrevlo kreba, romelsac Seadgens yevla<br />
marTlmadidebeli qali da kaci (ara umcires 20-is wlisa), romelnic am<br />
samrevlos sabuTebSi arian Cawerilni rogorc wevrni samrevloisa. kreba aris<br />
Cveulebrivi – weliwadSi orjel da ara-Cveulebrivi – saWiroebisamebr,<br />
samrevlo krebas iwvevs samrevlo sabWo. kreba unda mowveul iqnas im
SemTxvevaSic, roca amas moiTxovs ara umcires samrevlois 20-is<br />
srulwlovanis wevrisa. kreba TiTon irCevs Tavmjdomares da, Tu saWiroa,<br />
mdivansac. kreba kanonieria, ukeTu masze samrevlois yvela srulwlovan<br />
wevrTa mesamedi mainc gamocxaddeba, xolo Tu kreba pirvel mowvevaze ar<br />
Sesdga, meored igi kanonieria, ramdeni wevric unda gamocxaddes.<br />
$29. samrevlos krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) arCeva krebulisa da<br />
samrevlo sabWoБs wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa, agreTve samrevlos<br />
molarisa (uwindeli `mnaTisa~); b) eklesiisa da krebulis SenaxvisaTvis<br />
zrunva; g) samarTalSi micema samrevlo sabWois wevrebisa samsaxuris<br />
aRsrulebis dros uflebis aRmatebisa da borotmoqmedebisaTvis; d) aRZrva<br />
saqmisa saolqo anu saeparqio sasamarTloebis winaSe krebulis wevrTa<br />
Sesaxeb maTi uTanado moqmedebisa da cudi yofaqcevisaTvis; e) zrunva<br />
eklesiis ganSvenebisa da keTilmowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva samrevlos<br />
sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi srulyofisa da mis saganmanaTleblo-saqvelmoqmedo<br />
dawesebulebaTaTvis; z) zrunva sakrebulo saxlisa da sasaflaosaTvis; А)<br />
daniSvna sarevizio komisiis wevrebisa samrevlo sabWos moqmedebisa da<br />
angariSis gansaxilvelad; T) arsebul samrevlos gayofis Sesaxeb<br />
Suamdgomlobis aRZrva; i) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra uZrav-moZravi qonebis<br />
SeZenisa da ganTvisebis Sesaxeb; ia) aReba iseTis sesxisa, romelinic<br />
samrevlos Tviur Semosavals aRemateba; ib) Suamdgomlobis aRZrva taZris<br />
kapitalurad gadakeTebis Sesaxeb, roca trapezis aSlaa saWiro; ig) arCeva<br />
delegatebisa saolqo krebisaTvis.<br />
$30. samrevlo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris samrevlo sabWo, romelic<br />
Sedgeba ara umcires eqvsisa da ara umetes Tormetis wevrisa, romelTac<br />
irCevs samrevlo kreba sami wlis vadiT. samrevlo sabWos Tavmjdomareobs<br />
eklesiis winamZRvari, xolo roca igi ar aris, maSin sabWo TviTon irCevs<br />
Tavmjdomares Tvis Soris. sabWos sxdomebi imarTeba TveSi erTxel, xolo, Tu<br />
saWiroeba moiTxovs, ufro xSirad, saqmeebi wydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT,<br />
xolo, roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri upitaresobs, romelsac<br />
Tavmjdomare emxroba.<br />
S e n i S v n a . sabWos wevrad, agreTve molared irCeva rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.<br />
$31. samrevlo sabWos kompetencia aris: a) eklesiis uZrav-moZravi qonebis<br />
marTva-gamgeoba; b) yovelgvari statistikuri cnobis Sekreba, rasac ki<br />
samrevlos marTva-gamgeobisaTvis aqvs raime mniSvneloba; g) akrefa saeklesio<br />
gadasaxadisa mrevlSi da misi daniSnulebisamebr moxmareba; d) zrunva<br />
eklesiisa da krebulis Sesanax saSualebaTa gasaZliereblad; e) zrunva<br />
taZrisa da RvTismsaxurebis keTil-mowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva qvriv-obolTa da<br />
gaWirvebulTaTvis qvelmoqmedebis wesiT; z) aRZrva saqmisa im pirTa<br />
winaaRmdeg, romelnic eklesiasa da morwmuneTa sarwmunoebrivs grZnobas<br />
Selaxaven; А) mowveva samrevlo krebisa da winaswari damuSaveba im<br />
sakiTxebisa, romelic krebam unda ganixilos; T) gamgeoba samrevlo<br />
sasaflaosi; i) samrevlo qonebisa da Tanxebis yovelTviuri Semowmeba; ia)<br />
Tavisi moqmedebis wliuri angariSis Sedgena saolqo sabWosa da samrevlo<br />
krebisaTvis warsadgenad.<br />
S e n i S v n a . samrevlo sabWos aucilebeli wevria samrevlo molare (uwindeli `mnaTe~), romelic awarmoebs<br />
wmida sanTlis operacias, iRebs samrevlo Tanxmebs da inaxavs sakredito dawesebulebebSi, awarmoebs Semosaval-gasavlis wignsa<br />
da adgens samrevlois Semosaval-gasavlis wliur angariSs. molares irCevs samrevlo kreba sami wlis vadiT.
$32. krebuli. krebulis aucilebel wevrad iTvlebian: mRvdeli da wignismkiTxveli,<br />
xolo, sadac SeZlebaa, iq samrevlos diakonica (mTavari) hyavs.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . diakoni da wignis-mkiTxveli arian mxolod TanaSemweni mRvdlisa da uimisod<br />
araviTari mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesruleba ar SeuZlianT samrevloSi.<br />
S e n i S v n a 2 . erTsa da imave samrevloSi ori mRvdlis yofna sasurveli ar aris; magram, Tu amas<br />
moiTxovs samrevlos sidide da aucilebeli saWiroeba, samrevlos SeuZlia Tavis winamZRvars TanaSemwed meore mRvdeli misces.<br />
$33. mRvdeli. mRvdeli valdebulia: a) mudam Tavis mrevlSi scxovrobdes da<br />
samrevlo ar dastovos, gansakuTrebiT roca iq raime moaruli seni gaCndeba<br />
da roca samrevlos gansacdeli ram moelis; b) gansakuTrebul Tvalyurs<br />
adevnebdes sakuTars yofaqcevas, rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise Tavis saxlSi; g)<br />
asrulos sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxureba dawesebul dros; d) mrevlis<br />
moTxovnilebisamebr aasrulos saWiro mRvdelmoqmedeba; e) Tvalyuri adevnos<br />
taZrisa da saRvTismsaxuro sagnebis sisufTavesa da keTilSvenierebas; v)<br />
Tvalyuri adevnos mrevlSi saeklesio disciplinisa da zneobis dacvas; z)<br />
roca samsaxuris dros ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb eWvi daebadeba, movalea<br />
axsna-ganmartebisaTvis saolqo an saeparqio sabWos mihmarTos; А) mis<br />
upirveles movaleobas Seadgens eklesiaSi qadageba da sazogadod swavlamoZRvreba;<br />
T) mRvdeli movalea RvTismsaxurebis dros kaTolikozisa da<br />
Tavisi episkopozis saxeli moixsenios; i) agreTve movalea krebulis sxva<br />
wevrTa saSualebiT saeklesio sabuTebi awarmoos; ia) Tavis samrevloSi<br />
mRvdels ufleba aqvs sxvis mRvdels romlisame mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebis<br />
neba ar misces.<br />
$34. krebulis wevrebs irCevs samrevlo kreba, romelsac am SemTxvevaSi<br />
xelmZRvanelobas uwevs saolqo sabWo Tavisi warmomadgenlis SemweobiT.<br />
arCevis Semdeg saolqo sabWos warmomadgeneli Seadgens saarCevno sigels,<br />
romelsac warudgens saolqo sabWos, xolo es ukanaskneli Tavisi<br />
daskvniTurT saeparqio sabWos – dasamtkiceblad. saeparqio sabWos ufleba<br />
aqvs samrevlos dasabuTebuli uari uTxras da axali kandidatis arCeva<br />
mosTxovos. krebis mier meored arCeuli kandidati unda damtkicebul iqmnas<br />
sabWos mier.<br />
$35. samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidati unda iyos moqalaqeobrivad<br />
srulwlovani, xolo wignis mkiTxvelad SeiZleba ufro axalgazrdac airCes.<br />
fizikurad samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidati unda akmayofilebdes<br />
saeklesio kanonebis moTxovnilebas. rac Seexeba maT zneobriv TvisebaTa<br />
gamorkvevas, es mTlianad amomrCevelTa ndobisa da sindisis saqmea; samRvdelo<br />
kandidats unda hqondes miRebuli saSualo sazogado ganaTleba da yovel<br />
SemTxvevaSi ara umcires sruli progimnaziuli ganaTlebisa. amave<br />
moTxovnilebas unda akmayofilebden, SeZlebisdagvarad, sadiakvno kandidatebi<br />
da wignis mkiTxvelnic, romelTac unda icodnen RvTismsaxurebis wesebi da<br />
saeklesio sabuTebis warmoeba, rac windawinve (arCevamde) unda iyos<br />
Semowmebuli romelsame saeparqio sabWosagan.<br />
S e n i S v n a . wignis-mkviTxvelad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.<br />
saeklesio samarTali $36. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis samarTals eqvemdebareba<br />
am eklesiis yvela wevri iseT saqmeSi saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa, zneobriv<br />
cxovrebisa, saeklesio wyobilebisa da saeklesio samsaxuris winaaRmdeg,<br />
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia gansazRvruli sasjeli anu<br />
zomebi zRvevisa da gasworebisa.
$37. saeklesio samarTali gancalkevebulia saeklesio gamgeobisagan, e.i.<br />
aqvs sakuTari organoebi, garda sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebisa,<br />
romelic uzenaesi organoa rogorc gamgeobisa, ise samarTlisa eklesiaSi. am<br />
krebis garda saeklesio samarTals aqvs kidev Semdegi organoebi:<br />
sakaTolikozo, saeparqio da saolqo sasamarTloebi.<br />
$38. gansakuTrebuli instituti saqmis gamomZieblisa ar arsebobs, aramed<br />
sasamarTlo TviTon irCevs gamomZiebels Tavis wevrTagan TviToeul<br />
SemTxvevaSi. ar arsebobs arc prokuroris Tanamdeboba, aramed sasamarTlos<br />
erTerT wevrs miendoba sabraldebo oqmis Sedgena da moxseneba; es wevri<br />
Semdeg monawileobas aRar iRebs ganaCenis gamotanaSi.<br />
S e n i S v n a . braldebuls neba aqvs sasamarTloSi damcveli (veqili) daixmaros, magram TviT<br />
sasamarTlosTan damcvelis instituti ar arsebobs.<br />
$39. saeklesio samarTali daxuruli ar aris, saqmis garCevas gareSenic<br />
eswrebian. ganaCens sasamarTlos wevrebi daadgenen Tavisi Sinaganis<br />
darwmunebis Tanaxmad, da mxolod mas Semdeg, roca Semowmebul iqneba<br />
sasamarTloSi warmodgenili sabuTebi.<br />
$40. yoveli saqme arsebiTad gadawydeba ors instanciaSi da mesame<br />
instancia iqneba sakasacio. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebis ganaCeni<br />
ki sabolovoa, Tundac iq saqme pirvelis instanciiT wydebodes.<br />
saolqo sasamarTlo $41. yovel saeklesio olqs aqvs erTi saolqo<br />
sasamarTlo, romlis Semadgenloba aseTia: Tavmjdomare – usaTuod mRvdeli<br />
da oTxi wevri, romelTac irCevs saolqo kreba sami wlis vadiT. igive kreba<br />
irCevs sasamarTlos wevrTa kandidatebsac.<br />
S e n i S v n a . sasamarTlos wevrebi ganmeorebiTac SeiZleba arCeul iqmnen.<br />
$42. saolqo sasamarTlos eqvemdebareba iseTi saqmeebi ($36),<br />
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia SeniSvna da datuqsva.<br />
saeparqio sasamarTlo $43. saeparqio sasamarTlos hyavs Tavmjdomare –<br />
adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari – da eqvsi wevri, romelTac irCevs saeparqio<br />
kreba sami wlis vadiT.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . roca mRvdelmTavari ar aris, maSin sasamarTloSi Tavmjdomareobs erTi wevri<br />
mRvdelTagani TviT sasamarTlos arCeviT.<br />
S e n i S v n a 2 . sasamarTlodan gasuli wevri SeiZleba xelmeored arCeul iqmnes. - sasamarTlos<br />
wevrebTan erTad saeparqio kreba irCevs maT kandidatebsac.<br />
$44. saeparqio sasamarTlos eqvemdebarebian: a) danaSaulobani,<br />
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia umZimesi zomebi:<br />
mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebis akrZalva, samsaxuridan gadayeneba; b) agreTve<br />
saolqo sabWoebis wevrTa danaSaulobani samsaxuris aRsrulebis dros; g)<br />
gasaCivrebuli saqmeebi saolqo sasamarTloebidan; d) ganqorwinebis saqme.<br />
sakaTolikozo sasamarTlo $45. sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos hyavs<br />
Tavmjdomare – kaTolikozi da rva wevri, arCeulni sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
saeklesio krebis mier xuTi wlis vadiT. roca saqme romelsame episkopozs<br />
Seexeba, maSin saqmis garCevaSi monawileobas iReben gadamwyvetis xmiT yvela<br />
saeparqio mRvdelmTavrebic.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . roca kaTolikozi ar aris, maSin sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozis<br />
mosaydre.<br />
S e n i S v n a 2 . wevrebTan erTad saeklesio krebis mier airCeva maTi oTxi kandidatic.
$46. sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos eqvemdebareba: a) danaSaulobani,<br />
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT daniSnulia eklesiis wevrobidan<br />
gamoricxva; b) saeparqio sabWoebis wevrTa da mRvdelmTavarTa danaSaulobani<br />
samsaxurSi; g) gansaCivrebuli saqmeebi saeparqio sasamarTloebidan apelaciis<br />
wesiT da saolqo sasamarTloebidan kasaciis wesiT.<br />
uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali $47. uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebis xelSia ($6 da $40), romelic aris<br />
pirveli da saboloo msjavris damdebi organo sakaTolikozo sabWos da<br />
sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos wevrebisa. mas eqvemdebareba: a) kaTolikozisa da<br />
sakaTolikozo sabWos da sasamarTlos wevrTa uTanado moqmedebani da<br />
danaSaulobani samsaxurSi da b) gansaCivrebuli saqmeebi sakaTolikozo<br />
sasamarTlodan apelaciis wesiT, xolo saeparqio sasamarTloebidan kasaciis<br />
wesiT.<br />
gadmobeWdilia wignidan - `debulebani miRebuli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> 1917 wlis<br />
saeklesio krebaze, tfilisi, stamba `cxovreba~, gabaanT Sesaxvevi, #4, 1917 w.<br />
12. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> meore saeklesio krebis (27.06.1920) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~<br />
1918 wlis 26 maiss gamocxadda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifo-ebriobis aRdgena,<br />
warmoiSva damoukidebeli `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> respublika~. I-el msoflio omSi<br />
ruseTis imperiis marcxis Semdeg germaniisa da osmaleTis mxarem<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> gavlenian partiebsa da erovnul sabWos wauyena moTxovnaultimatumi<br />
gamoecxadebinaT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> damoukidebeli saxelmwifos<br />
daarseba, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi osmaleTi moaxdenda amierkavkasiis<br />
okupirebas (rusis jarma am droisaTvis datova amierkavkasia). amis gamo,<br />
amierkavkasiis samma xalxma (qarTvelebma, azerbaijanelebma da somxebma)<br />
gamoacxades TavianTi saxelmwifo damoukidebloba. saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo<br />
mmarTveloba Tavis xelSi aiRo im droisaTvis xalxSi popularulma socialdemokratiulma<br />
partiam, misma `menSevikurma~ frTam. es partia iqamde mudam<br />
ibrZoda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg, TavgamodebiT icavda<br />
`erTiani, ganuyofeli ruseTis~ ideas, SemTxvevis wyalobiT, menSevikuri<br />
partia moeqca im saxelmwifos saTaveSi, romlis warmoSobis winaaRmdegac<br />
ibrZoda aTwleulebis manZilze. aman asaxva pova mis damokidebulebaSi<br />
qarTuli eklesiisadmi. cxadia, maT ver Seafases qarTuli eklesiis<br />
mniSvneloba.<br />
amitomac 1920 wlis 27 ivniss gamarTulma saeklesio krebam imsjela<br />
mTavrobis mier eklesiis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetilebaTa Sesaxeb da<br />
aRniSna, rom didad ilaxeboda eklesiis da morwmune eris interesebi.<br />
II kreba Seexo eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebas. krebam gaauqma<br />
Tbilisis samitropolito kaTedra, gaaerTiana mcxeTisa da Tbilisis<br />
eparqiebi, romelic Sevida kaTolikos-patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi.<br />
krebam SeimuSava marTva-gamgeobis axali debuleba; kaTolikoz-patriarqad<br />
daamtkica uwmidesi da unetaresi leonide.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba
(debulebani, miRebuli sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> 1920 wlis saeklesio krebis<br />
mier)<br />
$1. marTva-gamgeobis mxriv <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia ganiyofeba eparqiebad,<br />
eparqiebi olqebad, xolo olqebi samrevloebad.<br />
$2. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi Semdegi eparqiebia:<br />
a) mcxeTisa da tfilisisa, romlis mwyemsTmTavari aris `mTavar-episkopozi mcxeTisa<br />
da tfilisisa da sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikoz-patriarqi~. samwyso:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. dedaqalaqi mcxeTa, orisave aragvisa da qsanlexuris<br />
xeobani, gare-qarTli da gare-kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis:<br />
mcxeTisa, wilknisa, nawili samTavisisa da samTavrosi, tfilisisa, <strong>manglis</strong>isa,<br />
<strong>walkis</strong>a, dmanisisa, bolnisisa, winwyarosi, agarakisa, rusTavisa, kawareTisa<br />
da ninowmidisa), rasac Seicavs exlandeli duSeTis mazra Semdegis<br />
cvlilebiT: dasavleTiT emateba qsan-lexuris xeobaTa qvemo-nawili vidre<br />
wlevis mTamde, tfilisis da borCalos mazrebi da bambakis xeoba. kaTedra<br />
eparqiisa aris mcxeTa (sveticxovelSi), xolo kaTolikozis rezidenciatfilisSi.<br />
SeniSvna 1. kaTolikoz-patriarqis samwysos Seadgens <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wevrni, mcxovrebni sakaTolikozos gareT iseT<br />
qveynebSi, sadac marTlmadidebeli episkopozi ar aris, da <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mxedroba.<br />
SeniSvna 2. kaTolikozis gardacvalebis Semdeg gamoiwveva erT-erTi mRvdelmTavari da igi iwodeba kaTolikozis mosaydred,<br />
kaTolikozis arCevamde.<br />
b) alaverdisa. samwyso: Sida-kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: alaverdisa,<br />
nekresisa da xarWaSenis), rasac Seicavs exlandeli Telavisa da TianeTis<br />
mazrebi xarWiSos ubnis mimatebiT da amaT garda didoeT-durZukeTi, miwerili<br />
Tergisa da daRestnis mxareebze. kaTedra – alaverdSi, rezidencia<br />
mRvdelmTavrisa q.TelavSi. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa aris - `alaverdeli<br />
episkopozi~ (anu `abba alaverdeli~).<br />
g) bodbisa. samwyso: hereTi, rani, Saqi da wuqeTi (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: bodbisa, Weremisa, giSisa da xoranabujisa), rasac Seadgens<br />
exlandeli mazrebi da olqebi – siRnaRisa, zaqaTalisa, samuisa, nuxisa,<br />
areSisa, ganjisa da yazaxisa. kaTedra - bodbeSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa –<br />
q.siRnaRSi. pativi mRvdelmTavris: `bodbeli episkopozi~.<br />
d) urbnisisa. samwyso: Sida-qarTli (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: urbnisis,<br />
ruisis, niqozisa, nawili samTavisisa da samTavrosi), rasac Seicavs<br />
exlandeli goris mazra, garda borjomis xeobisa, da amas garda dvaleTi,<br />
miwerili Tergis mxareze. kaTedra – urbnisSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa –<br />
q.gorSi. mRvdelmTavris pativi: `urbneli episkopozi~.<br />
e) awyurisa. samwyso: samcxe, javaxeTi da zemo-somxeTi (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: awyuris, wurwyabis, kumurdosi, eruSeTis, dadaSenis, wyarosTavis,<br />
anisis, karisa da alaSkertis), rasac Seadgens exlandeli axalcixis mazra –<br />
borjomis xeobis mimatebiT, axalqalaqis mazra, artaanis olqi, yarsis olqi,<br />
yaRzevanis olqi, gumbris mazra da amaT garda ori olqi osmaleTis<br />
samzRvrebSi – basiani da alaSkerti. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa – awyverSi<br />
(droebiT zarzmaSi), rezidencia q.axalcixeSi. mRvdelmTavris pativi -<br />
`mawyvereli episkopozi~.<br />
v) quTaisisa. samwyso: qvemo-imereTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: quTaisisa<br />
da xonis), - exlandeli quTaisis mazra md. wyalwiTelas qvemod. kaTedra –
quTaisSi da mwyemsmTavris rezidencia iqve. mwyemsmTavris pativi aris -<br />
`quTaTeli mitropoliti~.<br />
z) genaTisa. samwyso: zemo-imereTi (teritoria genaTis Zveli eparqiisa), -<br />
exlandeli Sorapnis mazra da okriba md. wyalwiTelas zemod. kaTedra<br />
mRvdelmTavrisa – gelaTSi, rezidencia – q. zestafonSi. mRvdelmTavris<br />
pativi: `genaTeli episkopozi~.<br />
А) nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa), -<br />
exlandeli raWis mazra. kaTedra – nikorwmidaSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa<br />
– onSi. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `nikorwmideli episkopozi~.<br />
T) cagerisa. samwyso: leCxum-svaneTi (teritoria – cageris Zveli eparqiisa), -<br />
exlandeli leCxumis mazra. kaTedra – cagerSi. mRvdelmTavris rezidencia –<br />
iqve. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `cagereli episkopozi~.<br />
i) Wyondidisa. samwyso: odiSi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: Wyondidis,<br />
caiSisa da walenjixisa), exlandeli senakisa da zugdidis mazrebi. kaTedra<br />
mwyemsmTavrisa – martvilSi, rezidencia – q.foTSi. pativi mwyemsmTavrisa aris<br />
- `Wyondideli mitropoliti~.<br />
ia) baTom-Semoqmedisa. samwyso: guria, tao-klarjeTi da WaneTi (teritoria<br />
Zveli eparqiebisa: xinowmidisa – imave baTomisa, Semoqmedisa, jumaTisa,<br />
satrafelasi, tbeTisa, anCisa, iSxanisa da banisa), rasac Seicavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
respublikis sazRvrebSi – exlandeli ozurgeTis mazra, baTomis, arTvinis da<br />
olTisis olqebi, xolo osmaleTis sazRvrebSi – olqebi: TorTomi, kiskimi,<br />
ispiri, rize, aTina da xofa. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa – q.baTomSi da<br />
rezidencia iqve. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi~.<br />
S e n i S v n a . sanam guriis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si sakuTari mRvdelmTavari dainiSnebodes exlandel guriasamegrelos<br />
episkoposs ewodos Wyondidel-Semoqmedeli.<br />
ib) cxum-afxazeTisa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: drandisa – imave cxumis,<br />
bediisa, moqvisa da biWvinTisa). exlandeli soxumis olqi gagris ubnis<br />
mimatebiT. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia – iqve.<br />
mRvdelmTavris pativi aris - `cxumel-afxazeli mitropoliti~.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . mitropolitebi pativiT episko[pozebze maRla dganan. samitropolito kaTedrebi<br />
ierarqiulad Tanasworni arian, agreTve saepiskopozo kaTedrebi. mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul iqmnebian xeldasxmis (qirotoniis)<br />
uxucesobis mixedviT.<br />
S e n i S v n a 2. am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis.<br />
mTavari gamgeoba $3. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias ganagebs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
saeklesio kreba, romelsac Seadgens ori-ori warmomadgeneli TiTo<br />
olqisagan. amaTgan erTi ueWvelad samRvdelo pirTagani unda iyves, xolo<br />
meore eklesiis srulwlovan wevrTagan, ganurCevlad sqesisa, Tanamdebobisa<br />
da xarisxisa (SeiZleba sasuliero piri iyves).<br />
amaT garda saeklesio krebis aucilebel wevrebad iTvlebian yvela<br />
mmarTveli mRvdelTmTavrebi, sakaTolikozo sabWos wevrebi, TviTeul<br />
eparqiiTgan TiTo warmomadgeneli dedaTa da mamaTa monastrebisa, da TiTo<br />
warmomadgeneli sasuliero umaRles da saSualo saswavlebelTagan da<br />
tfilisis saxelmwifo universitetisagan.<br />
SeniSvna 1. avadmyofobis dros mRvdelTmTavars ufleba aqvs wargzavnos krebazed Tavisi warmomadgeneli.<br />
SeniSvna 2. delegatad arCeul unda iqmnas saeroTagan iseTi piri, romelic sam ukanasknel weliwadSi erTxel mainc ziarebula,<br />
xolo samRvdeloTagan, romelic weliwadSi orjer ityvis aRsarebas Tavis moZRvarTan, da romelTac sasamarTlos mier ar aqvT<br />
CamorTmeuli anu SezRuduli sazogado krebaze daswrebis ufleba.<br />
SeniSvna 3. delegats saolqo krebis wevrni irCeven Tvis Soris.
SeniSvna 4. delegatad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnas mRvdlis xarisxisagan gandgomili an gankveTili.<br />
$4. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebas Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozi,<br />
xolo, roca igi ar aris, misi mosaydre, da Tu mosaydrec ar aris, erT-erTi<br />
mRvdelmTavari krebis arCeviT. krebave airCevs prezidiumis danarCen wevrebsa<br />
da mdivnebs. kreba aris perioduli, weliwadSi erTxel, da mudmivi –<br />
sakaTolikozo sabWos saxeliT. periodul krebas iwvevs kaTolikozi, an misi<br />
mosaydre. kreba kanonieria, Tu mowveulTa naxevari mainc gamocxaddeba.<br />
$5. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis periodul krebis kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a)<br />
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba; b) uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali; g)<br />
sabolood garCeva da gadawyveta im saqmeebisa, romelTac mas sakaTalikozo<br />
sabWo warmoudgens; d) arCeva sakaTolikozo sabWos, anu mudmivi krebis<br />
wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa; e) Zveli kaTedrebis aRdgena, axali<br />
eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta daxurva da sazRvrebis gamijvna; v)<br />
zrunva sasuliero saswavlebelTa daarsebisa da nivTierad<br />
uzrunvelyofisaTvis.<br />
$6. mudmivi kreba anu sakaTalikozo sabWo Sesdgeba yvela mmarTvel mRvdelTmTavarTagan<br />
da eqvsi wevrisagan. sabWos wevrebi da maTi 6 kandidati aRirCevian saeklesio<br />
krebis mier, rogorc delegatTa, ise ara delegatTagan. naxevari arCeuli<br />
wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa uTuod samRvdelo pirni unda iyvnen.<br />
SeniSvna: kaTalikoz-patriarqi da sabWos wevrebi pasuxismgebelni arian periodul krebis winaSe.<br />
$7. sabWos wevrni, agreTve maTi kandidatebi aRirCevian saeklesio krebis<br />
mier sami wlis vadiT da SeuZlianT xel-axla arCeul iqmnan. sabWos<br />
Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikoz-patriarqi, xolo roca is avad aris an sxvagan<br />
sadmea uxucesi samRvdelo piri.<br />
SeniSvna: periodul krebas aqvs sabWos arCeuli wevri ganaTavisuflos samsaxuriTgan vadis gaTavebamdec.<br />
$8. sabWos sxdoma kanonieria, Tu mas daeswreba Tavmjdomare da tfilisSi<br />
myof wevrTa naxevari.<br />
SeniSvna: mmarTvelni mRvdelmTavarni sabWos sxdomebze gamoiwvevian saWiroebisdagvarad.<br />
$9. sabWoSi sakiTxi ubralo xmis umetesobiT swydeba, xolo roca xmebi<br />
Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri upiratesobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.<br />
$10. sabWos wevrT ar aqvT ufleba Tavi Seikavon xmis micemisagan.<br />
$11. Tu romelime wevri moisurvebs kerZo azris Setanas, movalea<br />
gamosTqvas igi TviT sxdomazed, da ara ugvianes sami dRisa warudginos<br />
werilobiT sxdomis Tavmjdomares, JurnalSi Sesatanad, anu dasarTvelad.<br />
SeniSvna: kerZo azri ver SeaCerebs miRebuli ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvanas.<br />
$12. saqmeebis ganxilvis rigs awesebs Tavmjdomare.<br />
$13. sakiTxis aRZvris ufleba aqvs sabWos yvela wevrs, am uflebis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa werilobiTi gancxadebis Setana kaTolikozpatriarqis<br />
saSualebiT, romelic movalea aRniSnuli gancxadeba gadasces<br />
gansaxilvelad sabWos umaxlobels krebas.<br />
$14. kaTolikoz-patriarqs ar aqvs ufleba, moxsnas Tavis gankargulebiT<br />
sakiTxi rigisagan, xeli SeuSalos ganCinebis gamotanas dasmul sakiTxze, an<br />
SeaCeros ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvana.<br />
$15. kaTolikoz-patriarqi, Tu dainaxavs, rom sabWos mier gamotanili<br />
ganCineba mavnebeli da sazianoa sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi mxriT eklesiis<br />
keTildReobisaTvis, - SeuZlia ganacxados protesti da samis dRis<br />
ganmavlobaSi Seitanos sabWoSi werilobiTi winadadeba sakiTxis<br />
gadasinjvisaTvis. es winadadeba sabWom unda ganixilos ara ugvianes Svidi
dRisa (sxdomas unda daeswros tfilisSi myof wevrTa ori mesamedi mainc) da<br />
Tu am sxdomaze gamotanili ganCinebac ver gaiziara kaTolikozma, ukanasknels<br />
SeuZlia an SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, an gadasces igi gansaxilvelad<br />
umaxlobeles periodul krebas, an sisruleSi moiyvanos Tavisi winadadeba<br />
perioduli krebis winaSe piradis pasuxismgeblobiT.<br />
SeniSvna: am gvari protestis ufleba aqvs mxolod kaTolikoz-patriarqs.<br />
$16. roca sabWoSi irCeva saCivari Tavmjdomaris anu sabWos wevris ukanono<br />
moqmedebaTa gamo, dainteresebul pirs neba aqvs darCes darbazSi saqmis<br />
moxsenebis dros da miawodos sabWos saWiro ganmarteba, magram, roca sabWo<br />
Seudgeba ganCinebis gamotanas, ueWvelad unda dastovos darbazi.<br />
SeniSvna: roca saCivari exeba Tavmjdomaris (kaTolikozis) ukanono moqmedebas, sabWos Tavmjdomareobs uxucesi damswre<br />
mRvdelTmTavarTagan.<br />
$17. sabWos ganCinebas xels awers yvelazed uwin Tavmjdomare da mas ukan<br />
yvela im sxdomaze damswre wevri, miuxedavad imisa, Tanaxma iyo igi<br />
gamotanili ganCinebisa, Tu ara.<br />
$18. sabWos wevrTa Soris saqmeTa ganawileba da maTi warmoebis wesi xdeba<br />
sabWosve ganCinebiT. Tu romelime wevri ar asrulebs Tavis movaleobas da<br />
xels uSlis saqmis normalurad warmoebas, sakaTolikozo sabWos eZleva<br />
ufleba misi gadayenebisa da mis adgilzed kandidatis mowvevisa. amis Sesaxeb<br />
sakaTolikozo sabWo valdebulia, moaxsenos morig saeklesio krebas,<br />
msjavris dasadebad.<br />
$19. sakaTalikozo sabWos samsaxuris mxriT eqvemdebarebian rogorc<br />
mRvdelmTavarni da sasuliero pirni, agreTve saeklesio dawesebulebani da<br />
maTSi mosamsaxureni, xolo sarwmunoebisa da saeklesio disciplinis mxriT<br />
yoveli wevri <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisa. sabWos dadgenilebani savaldebuloa<br />
yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da eklesiis wevrTaTvis; imaTi Secvla<br />
SeuZlia mxolod sabWos da periodul krebas. sakaTolikozo sabWo Tavisi<br />
funqciebis aRsrulebis dros xelmZRvanelobs saRmrTo weriliT, msoflio da<br />
adgilobrivi (maT Soris <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis) krebaTa dadgenilebiT da<br />
saxelmwifoSi moqmed kanonmdeblobiT. sakaTolikozo sabWos aqvs damxmare<br />
organoebi, kancelaria da sxva.<br />
$20. sakaTolikozo sabWos anu mudmiv krebas eqvemdebareba Semdegi saqmeebi:<br />
a) zrunva saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa da qarTuli RvTismetyvelebis<br />
ayvavebisa da Seuryvnelad dacvisaTvis; b) zrunva samwysoTa sarwmunoebrivzneobrivi<br />
warmatebisaTvis; g) saWiroebaTa mixedviT arsebul kanonTa<br />
farglebSi gankargulebis gamocema da droebiT, morig saeklesio krebamde,<br />
cxovrebaSi misi gatareba; d) Tvalyuris devneba mis qveviT mdgom pirTa da<br />
dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; e) zrunva monasterTa, taZarTa, saqvelmoqmedo da<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa keTil-mowyobisaTvis; v) ganxilva da<br />
saTanado dawesebulebaTa winaSe Suamdgomlobis aRZvra monasterTa,<br />
eklesiaTa, saqvelmoqmedo da samoswavlo-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa<br />
daarsebis Sesaxeb; z) saTanado saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa da Tanamdebobis<br />
pirTa winaSe saeklesio saqmeTa gamo Suamdgomlobis aRZvra; А) zrunva<br />
samRvdeloebis qonebrivad uzrunvel-yofisaTvis; T) zrunva samsaxuriTgan<br />
gasul samRvdelo pirTa, saeklesio dawesebulebaTa moxeleTa da<br />
samRvdelobis qvriv-obolTaTvis; i) zrunva saRmrTo da saeklesiosaRvTismsaxuro<br />
wignTa Sedgenisa, Sesworebisa da gamocemisaTvis; ia)<br />
mRvdelmTavarTa, Tanaxmad maTis moTxovnisa, samsaxuriTgan ganTavisufleba;
ib) reviziis daniSvna sxva da sxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo; ig)<br />
eparqiebisa da saeklesio dawesebulebaTa xarjTaRricxvis ganxilvadamtkiceba;<br />
id) saeparqio dawesebulebaTa wliuri angariSebis ganxilva da<br />
mTeli sakaTolikozois wliuri angariSis Sedgena perioduli krebisaTvis<br />
warsadgenad; ie) saeklesio uZrav qonebaTa SeZena-ganTvisebis damtkiceba; iv)<br />
sabolood garCeva apelaciis da kasaciis wesiT saeparqio sasamarTloTagan<br />
Semosul saqmeTa; iz) nebarTva sakaTolikozos eklesiebSi nebayoflobiTi<br />
Sewirulebis saqvelmoqmedo mizniT Sekrebisa; iА) sxva avtokefalur<br />
eklesiebTan urTierTobis daWera; iT) winaswari muSaoba periodul krebis<br />
mowvevisaTvis da agreTve am krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa damuSaveba da<br />
masalebis Sekreba; k) xelmZRvaneloba kaTolikozis arCevnebisa; ka) micema<br />
droebiTis Tavisuflebisa, erT Tveze metis vadiT, episkopozebisa,<br />
sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis da sabWoБs damxmare organoTa gamgeTaTvis; kb)<br />
zrunva galobis aRdgena-gamSvenebisaTvis; kg) zrunva saarqeologio naSTTa<br />
dacvisaTvis; kd) zrunva uepiskoposod darCenil <strong>eparqia</strong>TaTvis; ke)<br />
danaSaulobani, romelTaTvis saeklesio kanoniT daniSnulia eklesiis<br />
wevrTagan gamoricxva da mRvdlis xarisxiTgan gankveTa; kv) saeparqio<br />
sasamarTlos wevrTa da mRvdelmTavarTa danaSaulobani samsaxurSi.<br />
$21. kaTolikozi. saWeTmpyroblad (mTavar-winamZRvrad) eklesiisa iTvleba<br />
mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da tfilisisa da sruliad saqarTveloБs<br />
kaTolikoz-patriarqi, romelsac irCevs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis perioduli<br />
kreba, faruli xmis micemiT.<br />
S e n i S v n a : sakaTolikozo kandidatisaTvis berobis miReba savaldebulo ar aris. fizikurisa da zneobrivis<br />
mxriT, igi unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas da unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi sazogado ganaTleba da<br />
Sesaferi saRvTis-metyvelo momzadeba.<br />
$22. kaTolikoz-patriarqis kompetencia aseTia: a) is Tavmjdomareobs<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio periodul da mudmiv krebas; b)<br />
mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs sakaTolikozos eparqiebs da xelmZRvanelobas<br />
uwevs episkopozebs saeparqio marTva-gamgeobaSi; g) mis saxels ixsenieben<br />
wirva-locvis dros sakaTolikozos mRvdelmTavarni da samRvdeloeba; d) igi<br />
aZlevs droebiTs Tavisuflebas episkopozebs, sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebs<br />
da sabWos damxmare organoTa gamgeebs ara umetes erTi Tvisa weliwadSi,<br />
xolo saeparqio marTva-gamgeobis meTaurebs organoTa da sasamarTlos<br />
wevrebs ori Tvidan da mets; e) agreTve aZlevs daTxovnis sigelebs im<br />
episkopozebs, romelnic droebiT eparqiiTgan sxvagan sadme midian; v) iRebs<br />
saCivars episkopozTa, sakaTolikozo sabWos wevrTa, saeparqio krebaTa da<br />
saeparqio dawesebulebaTa (sasamarTlos) Sesaxeb da aZlevs am saCivrebs<br />
kanonier msvlelobas; z) saWiro SemTxvevaSi, sabWos mindobilobiT, is aZlevs<br />
rCevas da mwyemsmTavrul SeniSvnas episkopozebsa da saeparqio sasamarTlois<br />
Tavmjdomareebsa da wevrebs; А) sabWosave mindobilobiT imas miwer-mowera<br />
aqvs sxva avtokefalur eklesiebTan da saxelmwifos umaRles<br />
dawesebulebebTan; i) moiwvevs saeklesio periodul krebas.<br />
saeparqio marTva-gamgeoba $23. episkopozi. saeparqio mmarTvelobaSi<br />
saeklesio krebis funqciebis ganmasaxierebeli aris misi wevri, - adgilobrivi<br />
mRvdelmTavari, romelsac marTva-gamgeobaSi daxmarebas uwevs saeparqio kreba.<br />
$24. saepiskopozo kandidati aRirCevis saeparqio krebis mier. saepiskopozo<br />
kandidats unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi ganaTleba da Sesaferisi
saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba, xolo ukidures SemTxvevaSi ara umcires<br />
saSualo saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebisa; fizikurad da zneobrivad unda<br />
akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1. saepiskopozo kandidatisaTvis berad Sedgoma savaldebulo ar aris.<br />
SeniSvna 2. saepiskopozo kandidatis arCeva xdeba Semdegi wesiT: kandidatis dasaxeleba SeuZlia daqvrivebuli eparqiis<br />
yovelsave wevrs. eparqiis daqvrivebisagan sami Tvis gadasvlamdis, dasaxelebul kandidatTa sias eparqiis droebiTi mmarTveli<br />
mRvdelTmTavari warudgens saTanado cnobebis TandarTviT kaTolikoz-patriarqs. kandidatTa sias ixilavs mmarTvel episkopozTa krebuli<br />
(sami unda ueWvelad daeswros piradad, xolo danarCenTagan gamoiTxovebis saTanado gramata). episkopozTa krebulisagan ganxiluli<br />
sia waregzavneba eparqiis droebiT mmarTvel episkopozs krebisaTvis gadasacemad. yvela kandidats kenWi eyreba cal-calke. arCeulad<br />
iTvleba is, vinc yvelaze mets kenWs miiRebs, magram ara umcires delegatTa naxevrisa, arCeul kandidats amtkicebs sakaTolikozo<br />
sabWo.<br />
SeniSvna 3. Tu saeparqio krebam saepiskozo kandidati ar airCia, maSin mRvdelTmTavari iniSneba sakaTolikozo sabWos mier.<br />
$25. episkopozis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) sruli ufleba mTels <strong>eparqia</strong>Si<br />
swavla-moZRvrebisa; b) ufleba yovelgvaris mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebisa; g)<br />
zrunva, raTa mis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si morwmuneni saRs saeklesio swavlebas icavdnen da<br />
ganmtkicebuliyvnen keTil zneobaSi; d) Tvalyuris devneba samonastro<br />
saeklesio qonebaTa marTva-gamgeobisa <strong>eparqia</strong>Si; e) ganxilva saolqo krebebis<br />
ganCinebaTa; v) Tvalyuris devneba yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da<br />
saeklesio Tanamdebobis pirTa moqmedebisa <strong>eparqia</strong>Si; z) sabolood ganxilva<br />
da gadaWra sakiTxisa axali olqebis gaxsnis an arsebul olqTa Semcirebisa,<br />
gind gayofisa da gadamijvnisa eparqiis farglebSi; А) ufleba krebulis<br />
wevrTa adgilzed arCeul kandidatis damtkicebisa; T) sarwmunoebriv saqmeSi<br />
masze damokidebulni arian eparqiis yvela wevrebi; i) mis saxels aRavlens<br />
wirva-locvis dros mTeli eparqiis samRvdeloeba; ia) is aZlevs droebiTs<br />
Tavisuflebas, ara umetes oris Tvisa, saeparqio dawesebulebebSi<br />
mosamsaxureT da krebulis wevrTa; ib) berobisa da sasuliero wodebiTgan<br />
ganTavisufleba.<br />
episkopozi valdebulia: a) daemorCilos saeklesio kanonebsa da mTavar<br />
saeklesio mmrTvelobis mier kanonierad gamocemul dadgenilebaTa, xolo<br />
roca ama Tu im saeklesio kanonisa an dadgenilebis DSesaxeb gaugebroba rame<br />
daebadeba, gansamarteblad mTavar saeklesio mTavrobas mihmarTos; b) cxoveli<br />
kavSiri iqonios samwysosTan da am mizniT xSir-xSirad mimoixilos Tavisi<br />
<strong>eparqia</strong>; g) yvelaferSi daemorCilos periodul da mudmiv saeklesio krebas; d)<br />
mTavari saeklesio mTavrobis nebadaurTvelad ara moimoqmedos ra iseTi, rac<br />
mis uflebas aRemateba; e) wirva-locvis dros kaTolikozis saxels<br />
ixseniebdes; v) sxva <strong>eparqia</strong>Si Tavisi nebiT ara daiwyos ra; z) pativiscemiT<br />
epyrobodes sxva mRvdelmTavrebs; А) saeparqio krebaze gansaxilveli<br />
sakiTxebi winaswar gadaugzavnos saolqo krebis Tavmjdomares; T) gasces<br />
iseTi dokumentebi, romelnic morwmuneTa moqalaqeobriv mdgomareobas<br />
Seexebian; i) Seadginos wliuri angariSebi saeparqio krebisa da<br />
sakaTolikozo sabWosaTvis warsadgenad.<br />
$26. saeparqio kreba. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars marTva-gamgeobaSi daxmarebas uwevs<br />
saeparqio kreba.<br />
$27. saeparqio kreba orgvaria, - Cveulebrivi weliwadSi erTxel, da<br />
araCveulebrivi, saWiroebisdagvarad.<br />
$28. saeparqio kreba Sesdgeba TviTeuli or-oris warmomadgenlisagan,<br />
romelTagan erTi ueWvelad samRvdelo piri unda iyves.
SeniSvna 1. delegatad arCeva SeiZleba mxolod iseTi pirisa, romelic sam ukanasknel weliwadSi erTxel mainc ziarebula da<br />
romelsac sasamarTlos mier ar aqvs CamorTmeuli anu SezRuduli sazogado krebaze daswrebis ufleba. samRvdeloTagan delegatad<br />
airCeva iseTi piri, romelic weliwadSi orjer mainc ityvis aRsarebas Tavis moZRvarTan.<br />
SeniSvna 2. warmomadgenelad ar SeiZleba arCeva mRvdlis xarisxiTgan gandgomilisa, an gankveTilisa.<br />
SeniSvna 3. warmomadgenels olqis krebis wevrni irCeven Tvis Soris.<br />
SeniSvna 4. krebis ueWvelni wevrni arian saeparqio sasamarTlos wevrni da TiTo warmomadgenelni eparqiis berTa da<br />
monazonTa.<br />
$29. krebas Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari. Tu is ar aris,<br />
kreba TviTon irCevs Tavmjdomares samRvdelo pirTa Soris. krebave irCevs<br />
prezidiumis danarCen wevrebs da mdivnebs. kreba kanonieria, Tu masze<br />
gamocxadda ara umcires mowveulTa naxevrisa.<br />
$30. saeparqio krebis uflebas Seadgens a) saeparqio sasamarTlos wevrTa<br />
da maTi kandidatebis arCeva; b) Tvalyuris devneba saeparqio cxovrebisa da<br />
saeparqio dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; g) zrunva saeklesio, samoswavlo da<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa daarsebisa, gaumjobesebisa da nivTier<br />
saSualebaTa gamonaxvisaTvis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si; d) zrunva galobis<br />
gaumjobesebisaTvis da agreTve zrunva siZveleTa dacvisaTvis.<br />
S e n i S v n a . saepiskoposo krebis ganCineba Sedis ZalaSi, Tu mas emxroba adgilobrivi<br />
mRvdelmTavari, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxi gadaecema sakaTolikozo sabWos.<br />
saolqo mmarTveloba $31. olqs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobiT<br />
ganagebs olqis mTavaruxucesi, romelic aRirCevis olqis krebis mier<br />
samRvdelo pirTagan samis wlis vadiT, damtkiceba ki damokidebulia<br />
saeparqio mTavrobaze.<br />
SeniSvna: mTavaruxucess hyavs TanaSemwe, Tu amas saWirod dainaxavs saolqo kreba. TanaSemwe aRirCevis krebis mier<br />
imave wesiT, rogorc mTavaruxucesi.<br />
$32. mTavaruxucesi adgens a) saolqos wliur angariSs, romelsac<br />
warudgens saolqo krebasa da saeparqio mTavrobas b) winaswar daamuSavebs<br />
sakiTxebs, romelic saolqo krebas unda waredginos gansaxilvelad; g)<br />
xelmZRvanelobas uwevs samrevlo krebebs krebulis wevrTa arCevnebSi; d)<br />
iZleva saWiro cnobebs olqis dawesebulebaTa da mosamsaxure pirTa Sesaxeb,<br />
roca amas umaRlesi saeklesio dawesebulebani moiTxoven; e) zrunavs<br />
moawesrigos krebulis wevrTa Soris amtydari uTanxmoebani saZmo<br />
Semosavlisa da sazogadod sameurneo saqmeebis gamo, agreTve amave xasiaTis<br />
uTanxmoebani krebulis wevrTa da samrevlo sabWoebs Soris da sxva; v) aZlevs<br />
krebulis wevrTa Tavisuflebas ara umetes oris kvirisa.<br />
$33. saeklesio olqSi Sedis aTidan ocda xuT samrevlomde, adgilobrivis<br />
pirobebis mixedviT.<br />
$34. olqis kreba Sesdgeba olqis krebulTa yvela wevrisagan da TviTeul<br />
samrevlo sabWos imodena warmomadgenelTagan, ramdenic wevria krebulSi.<br />
$35. saolqo kreba kanonieria, Tu maszed gamocxadda olqis samrevloTa<br />
umravlesobis warmomadgenelni.<br />
$36. krebas Tavmjdomareobs olqis mTavaruxucesi, an misi TanaSemwe.<br />
$37. saolqo kreba aris Cveulebrivi, weliwadSi erTxel da araCveulebrivi<br />
– saWiroebisadagvarad.<br />
$38. saolqo krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis a) arCeva delegatebisa saeparqio<br />
da periodul saeklesio krebisaTvis, da mTavaruxucesisa da misi TanaSemwisa;<br />
b) zrunva samrevloebSi saeklesio cxovrebis mowesrigebisa da<br />
warmatebisaTvis; g) zrunva qvriv-obol-gaWirvebulTaTvis, da sazogadod
saqvelmoqmedo saqmis mowyoba olqSi; d) mTavaruxucesis angariSis ganxilva;<br />
e) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra da mosazrebaTa wardgena Sesaxeb axlis<br />
samrevloebis daarsebisa, arsebul samrevloTa gayofisa da Semcirebisa; v)<br />
sasyidlis daniSvna mTavaruxucesisaTvis.<br />
SeniSvna: saolqo krebis ganCinebani waredgineba saeparqio mTavrobas, romelzedac damokidebulia maTi damtkiceba.<br />
samrevlo $39. samrevlo aris erTis sarwmunoebriv-zneobriobis mizniT,<br />
urTierTis daxmarebis azriT, saeklesio meurneobiT, sakuTaris moZRvris<br />
xelmZRvanelobiT, saerTo taZris garSemo Semokrebili da episkopozze<br />
kanoniurad damokidebuli morwmuneTa sazogadoeba.<br />
S e n i S v n a . samrevlo iuridiul pirs warmoadgens.<br />
$40. samrevlos gaxsna ar SeiZleba, ukeTu morwmuneTa ricxvi imdenad<br />
mcirea, rom sakuTari taZrisa da krebulis Senaxva ar SeuZliaT. TviTeul<br />
samrevlos uWiravs gansazRvruli teritoria, romlis sazRvrebi SeiZleba<br />
Seicvalos sxva samrevloebTan SeTanxmebiT da saTanado saeparqio mTavrobis<br />
nebarTviT.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . qalaqebSi samrevloTaTvis teritoriuli principis dacva savaldebulo ar aris.<br />
SeniSvna 2. rodesac morwmunes erTi samrevlos teritoriidan meoresaSi uxdeba gadasvla (magal. qalaqebSi), mas SeuZlia, Tu<br />
moisurvebs, winandeli samrevlos wevrad darCes.<br />
$41. mrevlad iTvleba yoveli morwmune, romelic gansazRvruls samrevlos<br />
ekuTvnis, Setanilia samrevlo davTarSi da monawileobas iRebs yvela<br />
xarjebSi, rasac samrevlo eweva.<br />
$42. yovel samrevlos aqvs Tavisi sakuTreba, rasac Seadgenen sxvadasxva<br />
saxelwodebisa da daniSnulebis Tanxebi da maTi Semosavali, sanTlis mogeba,<br />
taZarSi, samrevloSi an sxvagan Segrovili Semowiruloba, sasaflaos<br />
Semosavali, samrevlo da sakrebulo adgilmamuli da misi Semosavali,<br />
yovelgvari saganmanaTleblo da saqvelmoqmedo xasiaTis Semowiruloba,<br />
sakrebulo saxlebi, taZari da misi samkauli, sasaflao da sxva. am<br />
sakuTrebas samrevlo ganagebs Sesafer organoTa saSualebiT.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . samrevlos Semosavali unda moxmardes mxolod saeklesio-sarwmunoebriv saWiroebas,<br />
adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavris nebarTviT.<br />
SeniSvna 2. taZari aris morwmuneTa samlocvelo Senoba, samrevlo, saeklesio, saxelmwifo anu kerZo qvelmoqmedTa xarjiT<br />
agebuli. erTsa da imave samrevloSi SeiZleba iyos zedmiwerili taZari, romelSiac, Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs da mosaxerxebelic<br />
iqmneba, sruldeba yovelgvari RvTismsaxureba.<br />
S e n i S v n a 3 . micvalebulTa dasamarxad samrevlos miCenili aqvs sagangebo adgili - sasaflao.<br />
samrevlos SeuZlia saflavebisaTvis gansazRvruli fasi daawesos, mxolod Raribebi ufasod unda imarxeboden.<br />
SeniSvna 4. qalaqebis sazogado sasaflaoebis marTva-gamgeoba eqvemdebareba saeparqio mTavrobas, romelsac ekuTvnis<br />
sasaflaoebis gasyidvisagan Semosuli fulis gamgeblobac.<br />
$43. rodesac samrevlo sabolood ixureba, misi qoneba gadadis<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis kuTvnilebad; Tu is sxva samrevlos miewera, imisi<br />
qoneba ukanasknelis kuTvnilebad iqceva; xolo rodesac samrevlos romelime<br />
nawili damoukidebel samrevlod gamoiyofa, imas saerTo qonebidan miecema<br />
dakmayofileba ZiriTadis samrevlos gadawyvetilebisamebr.<br />
$44. samrevlos ganagebs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobis qveSe<br />
eklesiis winamZRvari, samrevlo krebis da samrevlo sabWos daxmarebiT.<br />
$45. samrevlo krebas Seadgens yevla marTlmadidebeli qali da kaci (ara<br />
umcires 20-is wlisa), romelnic am samrevlos sabuTebSi arian Cawerilni<br />
rogorc wevrni samrevloisa.<br />
$46. ufleba samrevlo krebaSi monawileobis miRebisa gadamwyvetis xmiT<br />
aqvT a) krebulis wevrT da b) yvela srulwlovan marTlmadidebel qalsa da
kacs (ara umcires ocis wlisa), romelnic am samrevlos sabuTebSi arian<br />
Cawerilni, rogorc wevrni samrevloisa, gamonaklisi aRniSnulia qvemore<br />
muxlSi.<br />
$47. samrevlo krebaze monawileobis miRebis ufleba ar aqvT im pirT a)<br />
romelnic daarRveven wesierebas taZarSi, agreTve samrevlo krebaze, b)<br />
romelTac ar SemoaqvT samrevlo gadasaxadebi (Tu isini samrevlo krebis<br />
mier ganTavisuflebulni ar arian, rogorc Raribebi, gadasaxadisagan), g)<br />
romelnic sams ukanasknel weliwadSi arc erTxel ar ziarebulan, d)<br />
romelnic javrdauwerelad scxovroben meuRleebTan da e) romelTac samis<br />
wlisaze metis xnis Svili hyavT mounaTlavi.<br />
$48 kreba aris Cveulebrivi – weliwadSi orjel da araCveulebrivi –<br />
saWiroebisamebr. samrevlo krebas iwvevs da Tavmjdomareobs eklesiis<br />
winamZRvari. kreba unda mowveul iqnas im SemTxvevaSic, roca amas moiTxovs<br />
ara umcires samrevlois 20-is srul-wlovanis wevrisa; kreba kanonieria, ukeTu<br />
masze samrevlos mekomurTa warmomadgenelTa 2/3 mainc gamocxaddeba, xolo<br />
Tu kreba pirvel mowvevaze ar Sesdga, meored igi kanonieria, ramdeni wevric<br />
unda gamocxaddes.<br />
SeniSvna: sxdomis mdivans kreba TviTon irCevs.<br />
$49. samrevlo krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) arCeva krebulisa da<br />
samrevlo sabWos wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa, agreTve samrevlos<br />
molarisa (uwindeli `mnaTisa~); b) eklesiisa da krebulis SenaxvisaTvis<br />
zrunva; g) samarTalSi micema samrevlo sabWois wevrebisa samsaxuris<br />
aRsrulebis dros uflebis aRmatebisa da borotmoqmedebisaTvis; d) aRZvra<br />
saqmisa saeparqio sasamarTloebis winaSe krebulis wevrTa Sesaxeb maTi<br />
uTanado moqmedebisa da cudi yofaqcevisaTvis; e) zrunva eklesiis<br />
ganSvenebisa da keTilmowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva samrevlos sarwmunoebrivzneobrivi<br />
srulyofisa da mis saganmanaTleblo-saqvelmoqmedo<br />
dawesebulebaTaTvis; z) zrunva sakrebulo saxlisa da sasaflaosaTvis; А)<br />
daniSvna sarevizio komisiis wevrebisa samrevlo sabWos moqmedebisa da<br />
angariSis gansaxilvelad; T) arsebul samrevlos gayofis Sesaxeb<br />
Suamdgomlobis aRZvra; i) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra uZrav-moZravi qonebis<br />
SeZenisa da ganTvisebis Sesaxeb; ia) aReba iseTis sesxisa, romelnic samrevlos<br />
Tviur Semosavals aRemateba; ib) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra taZris kapitalurad<br />
gadakeTebis Sesaxeb, roca trapezis aSlaa saWiro.<br />
$50. samrevlo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris samrevlo sabWo, romelic<br />
Sesdgeba krebulis yvela wevrTa da ara umcires eqvsisa da ara umetes<br />
Tormetis wevrisa, romelTac irCevs samrevlo kreba sami wlis vadiT.<br />
samrevlo sabWos Tavmjdomareobs eklesiis winamZRvari, xolo roca igi ar<br />
aris, maSin sabWo TviTon irCevs Tavmjdomares Tvis Soris. sabWos sxdomebi<br />
imarTeba TveSi erTxel, xolo, Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs, ufro xSiradac.<br />
saqmeebi swydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT, xolo, roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa,<br />
maSin is azri upiratesobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . Tu samrevlo krebisa da sabWos ganCineba eklesiis winamZRvars miaCnia saqmis<br />
sazianod, mas SeuZlia ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvanis SeCereba da misi adgilobriv mRvdelmTavarTan gansaCivreba, - amis Sesaxeb<br />
Tavis azri winamZRvarma unda gamosTqvas krebazedve.<br />
SeniSvna 2. sabWos wevrad irCeva rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.<br />
SeniSvna 3. sabWos wevrad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnas samRvdelo xarisxiTgan gandgomili, an gankveTili.
$51. samrevlo sabWos kompetencia aris: a) eklesiis uZrav-moZravi qonebis<br />
marTva-gamgeoba; b) yovelgvari statistikuri cnobis Sekreba, rasac ki<br />
samrevlos marTva-gamgeobisaTvis aqvs raime mniSvneloba; g) akrefa saeklesio<br />
gadasaxadisa mrevlSi da misi daniSnulebisamebr moxmareba; d) zrunva<br />
eklesiisa da krebulis Sesanax saSualebaTa gasaZliereblad; e) zrunva<br />
taZrisa da RvTismsaxurebis keTil-mowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva qvriv-obolTa da<br />
gaWirvebulTaTvis qvelmoqmedebis wesiT; z) aRZvra saqmisa im pirTa<br />
winaaRmdeg, romelnic eklesiasa da morwmuneTa sarwmunoebrivs grZnobas<br />
Selaxaven; А) winaswari damuSaveba im sakiTxebisa, romelic krebam unda<br />
ganixilos; T) gamgeoba samrevlo sasaflaosi; i) samrevlo qonebisa da<br />
Tanxebis yovelTviuri Semowmeba; ia) Tavisi moqmedebis wliuri angariSis<br />
Sedgena mTavarxucesisa da samrevlo krebisaTvis warsadgenad.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . samrevlo sabWos aucilebeli wevria samrevlos molare, romelic awarmoebs wmida<br />
sanTlis operacias, iRebs samrevlo Tanxebs da inaxavs sakredito dawesebulebebSi, awarmoebs Semosaval-gasavlis wignsa da adgens<br />
samrevlois Semosaval-gasavlis wliur angariSs. molares irCevs samrevlo kreba sami wlis vadiT.<br />
SeniSvna 2. samrevlos molared unda arCeul iqmnas ueWvelad mama-kaci da masTanve wera-kiTxvis mcodne.<br />
$52. krebuli. krebulis aucilebel wevrad iTvlebian: mRvdeli da wignismkiTxveli,<br />
xolo, sadac SeiZleba, iq samrevlos diakonica (mTavari) hyavs.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . diakoni da wignis-mkiTxveli arian mxolod Tanamsaxurni mRvdlisa da uimisod araviTari<br />
mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesruleba ar SeuZlianT samrevloSi.<br />
S e n i S v n a 2 . erTsa da imave samrevloSi ori mRvdlis yofna sasurveli ar aris; magram, Tu amas<br />
moiTxovs samrevlos sidide da aucilebeli saWiroeba, samrevlos SeuZlia Tavis winamZRvars TanaSemwed meore mRvdeli misces.<br />
$53. arCevnebi krebulis wevrTa xdeba Semdegi wesiT: a) roca romelsame<br />
samrevloSi ganTavisufldeba krebulis wevris adgili, pirni, romelTac surT<br />
daiWiron es adgili, erTis Tvis ganmavlobaSi mis ganTavisuflebiTgan,<br />
wargzavnian Txovnebs saeparqio mTavrobasTan yvela saWiro mowmobaTa<br />
darTviT; b) saeparqio mTavroba hkrebs cnobebs yvela im pirTa Sesaxeb,<br />
romelTac Seitanes Txovna da aqvs msjeloba warmodgenil kandidatebze; g)<br />
mRvdelTmTavris mier Rirseul kandidatebad cnobil pirTa sia, yvela<br />
cnobebis darTviT TviTeul kandidatze, waregzavneba samrevlo sabWos kenWis<br />
sayrelad samrevlo krebaze; d) samrevlo kreba moiwveva ara ugvianes oris<br />
kvirisa kandidatTa siis miRebiTgan. dro samrevlo krebis daniSvnisa ecnobeba<br />
saolqos mTavaruxucess, romelic an piradad eswreba krebas, an wargzavnis<br />
Tavis warmomadgenels; e) arCevnebi xdeba farulis xmis micemiT; g) TviTeul<br />
kandidats kenWi eyreba cal-calke; z) arCevnebis dasrulebisas sdgeba aqti,<br />
Sesaferi damowmebiT; А) eparqiis mRvdelmTavari amtkicebs im kandidats,<br />
romelmac miiRo xmebis umetesoba, magram ara umcires damswreTa naxevrisa.<br />
SeniSvna: im piris saxeli, romelic ikadrebs samrevloSi agitaciis gawevas, moxsnili iqmneba kandidatTa siiTgan.<br />
$54. samrevlo, romelic ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRiTgan kandidatTa siis<br />
miRebisa ar airCevs krebulis Tavisufal adgilze kandidats, hkargavs<br />
saarCevno uflebas, da im adgilze krebulis wevri dainiSneba saeparqio<br />
mTavrobis mier.<br />
$55. Tu samrevlos surs, rom gaxsnil vakansiaze krebulis wevri daniSnos<br />
saeparqio sabWos mTavrobam, amis Taobaze samrevlos dadgenileba ecnobeba<br />
eparqiis mRvdelTmTavars erTis Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRiTgan vakansiis<br />
gaxsnisa.<br />
SeniSvna: Tu samrevlo aravin iTxova, krebulis wevri iniSneba eparqiis mRvdelTmTavris mier.<br />
$56. mRvdeli. mRvdeli valdebulia: a) mudam Tavis mrevlSi scxovrobdes da<br />
samrevlo ar dastovos, gansakuTrebiT roca iq raime moaruli seni gaCndeba
da roca samrevlos gansacdeli ram moelis; b) gansakuTrebul Tvalyurs<br />
adevnebdes sakuTars yofaqcevas, rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise Tavis saxlSi; g)<br />
aasrulos sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxureba dawesebul dros; d) mrevlis<br />
moTxovnilebisamebr aasrulos saWiro mRvdelmoqmedeba; e) Tvalyuri adevnos<br />
taZrisa da saRvTismsaxuro sagnebis sisufTavesa da keTilSvenierebas; v)<br />
Tvalyuri adevnos mrevlSi saeklesio disciplinisa da zneobis dacvas; z)<br />
roca samsaxuris dros ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb eWvi daebadeba, movalea<br />
axsna-ganmartebisaTvis mTavarxucess da saeparqio mTavrobas mihmarTos; А) mis<br />
upirveles movaleobas Seadgens eklesiaSi qadageba da sazogadod swavlamoZRvreba;<br />
T) mRvdeli movalea RvTismsaxurebis dros kaTolikozisa da<br />
Tavisi episkopozis saxeli moixsenios; i) agreTve movalea krebulis sxva<br />
wevrTa saSualebiT saeklesio sabuTebi awarmoos; ia) Tavis samrevloSi<br />
mRvdels ufleba aqvs sxa mRvdels romlisame mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebis<br />
neba ar misces.<br />
$57. samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidati unda iyos kanoniurad<br />
srulwlovani, xolo wignismkiTxvelad SeiZleba ufro axalgazrdac airCes.<br />
fizikurad samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidati unda akmayofilebdes<br />
saeklesio kanonebis moTxovnilebas. samRvdelo kandidats unda hqondes<br />
miRebuli saSualo sazogado ganaTleba da yovel SemTxvevaSi ara umcires<br />
sruli progimnaziuli ganaTlebisa. amave moTxovnilebas unda akmayofilebden,<br />
SeZlebisdagvarad, sadiakvno kandidatebi da wignismkiTxvelnic, romelTac<br />
unda icodnen RvTismsaxurebis wesebi da saeklesio sabuTebis warmoeba, rac<br />
windawinve (arCevamde) unda iyos Semowmebuli romelsame saeparqio<br />
mTavrobisagan.<br />
S e n i S v n a . wignismkviTxvelad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes mxolod mamakaci.<br />
saeklesio samarTali $58. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis samarTals eqvemdebareba<br />
ama eklesiis yvela wevri iseT saqmeebSi saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa,<br />
zneobriv cxovrebisa, saeklesio wyobilebisa da saeklesio samsaxuris<br />
winaaRmdeg, romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia gansazRvruli<br />
sasjeli anu zomebi zRvevisa da gasworebisa.<br />
$59. saeklesio samarTali <strong>eparqia</strong>Si gancalkevebulia saeklesio marTvagamgeobisagan<br />
da Sesdgeba saeparqio sasamarTlosagan.<br />
$60. gansakuTrebuli instituti saqmis gamomZieblisa ar arsebobs, aramed<br />
sasamarTlo TviTon irCevs gamomZiebels TviTeul SemTxvevaSi. ar arsebobs<br />
arc bralmdeblis Tanamdeboba, aramed sasamarTlos erT-erT wevrs miendoba<br />
sabraldebo oqmis Sedgena da moxseneba; es wevri Semdeg monawileobas aRar<br />
iRebs ganaCenis gamotanaSi.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . braldebuls neba aqvs sasamarTloSi damcveli (veqili) daixmaros, magram TviT<br />
sasamarTlosTan damcvelis instituti ar arsebobs.<br />
SeniSvna 2. mxareebi gamoiwvevian sagangebo uwyebebiT, romlebic egzavneba maT adgilobriv (sadac scxovroben) da unda<br />
Cabardes ara ugvianes erTis kvirisa sxdomisaTvis daniSnul dReze. uwyebaSi naCvenebi unda iyves sasamarTlos misamarTic.<br />
$61. saeklesio sasamarTlo daxuruli ar aris, saqmis garCevas gareSenic<br />
eswrebian. ganCinebas sasamarTlos wevrebi daadgenen Tavisi Sinaganis<br />
darwmunebis Tanaxmad, mxolod mas Semdeg, roca Semowmebul iqmneba<br />
sasamarTloSi warmodgenili sabuTebi.
$62. yoveli saqme arsebiTad gadawydeba ors instanciaSi da mesame<br />
instancia iqneba sakasacio. perioduli saeklesio krebis ganCinebani ki<br />
sabolovoa, Tundac iq saqme pirvelis instanciiT wydebodes.<br />
saeparqio sasamarTlo $63. saeparqio sasamarTlo Sesdgeba 5 wevrisagan,<br />
romelTac irCevs saeparqio kreba sami wlis vadiT.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . Tavmjdomare ueWvelad samRvdelo piri unda iyves; danarCen wevrTa da kandidatTa<br />
naxevari samRvdelo pirni unda iyvnen. Tavmjdomare aRirCevis sasamarTlos wevrTa mier Tvis Soris.<br />
SeniSvna 2. sasamarTlos wevrebad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnen mRvdlis xarisxiTgan gandgomilni, an gankveTilni da arc iseTi<br />
pirni, romelTac sasamarTlos mier SezRuduli an CamorTmeuli aqvs sazogado krebaze daswrebis ufleba, an ar ziarebulan ukanaskneli<br />
samis wlis ganmavlobaSi erTxel mainc.<br />
S e n i S v n a 3 . sasamarTlodan gasuli wevri SeiZleba xelmeored arCeul iqmnes. - sasamarTlos<br />
wevrebTan erTad saeparqio kreba irCevs maT kandidatebsac.<br />
$64. saeparqio sasamarTlos eqvemdebarebian: a) danaSaulobani,<br />
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia umZimesi zomebi:<br />
mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebis akrZalva, samsaxuridan gadayeneba; b)<br />
ganqorwinebis saqme.<br />
$65. sasamarTlos ganCineba waredgineba eparqiis mRvdelTmTavars,<br />
romelzedac damokidebulia misi damtkiceba.<br />
SeniSvna. saeparqio sasamarTlos ganCinebiT ukmayofiloT SeuZliaT ganasaCivron saqme sakaTalikozo sabWoSi.<br />
uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali $66. mudmiv krebas, anu sakaTolikozo<br />
sabWos SeuZlia zogierTi saqme, saboloo msjavris dasadastureblad,<br />
gamonaklisis saxed, warudginos periodul saeklesio krebas.<br />
$67. kaTolikoz-patriarqis gasamarTleba Sedis periodul saeklesio<br />
krebis kompetenciaSi.<br />
$68. sakaTolikozo sabWos ganCinebiT ukmayofilos SeuZlia gadaitanos<br />
kasaciis wesiT saqme periodul saeklesio krebaSi.<br />
SeniSvna. ganqorwinebis saqmeebs sabolood swyvets mudmivi kreba - sakaTolikozo sabWo.<br />
gadmobeWdilia wignidan `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba~, 1920<br />
13. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis IV krebis mier<br />
(21-27 ivnisi, 1927 w.) gamocemuli `debuleba~<br />
patriarq wmida ambrosi xelaias gardacvalebis Semdeg komunisturi<br />
xelisuflebis mimarT loialurad ganwyobil samRvdeloebas saSualeba mieca<br />
ganexorcielebina mkveTri Semobruneba saxelmwifosTan damokidebulebaSi.<br />
mitropolitma qristefore cicqiSvilma, `revoluciurad~ ganwyobili frTis<br />
liderma eklesias Seucvala komunistur saxelmwifosTan damokidebulebis<br />
kursi. jer kidev ruseTis pirveli revoluciis wlebSi mRvdeli qristefore<br />
cicqiSvili moiTxovda eklesiaSi `reformis gatarebas da mis daaxloebas<br />
cxovrebasTan~. magaliTad, 1905-6 wlebSi igi moiTxovda ufleba miscemodaT<br />
mRvdlebs eklesiis gareT etarebinaT saero tanisamosi, miscemodaT qvriv
mRvdlebs colis SerTvis neba da ar yofiliyo savaldebulo kurTxevamde<br />
colis SerTva 1 da sxv. eklesiam ar miiRo aseTi reforma.<br />
1927 wels, rogorc adre, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqo Sedgeboda 15<br />
eparqiisagan. maT Soris Tavisufali iyo 6, eparqiebs marTavda 9<br />
mRvdelmTavari, maT Soris kaTolikos-patriarqi qristefore iyo<br />
imavdroulad droebiTi mmarTveli baTom-Semoqmedisa, quTaTel-genaTeli<br />
mitropoliti daviTi - Wyondidis eparqiis, ninowmideli episkoposi efremi<br />
droebiT marTavda cxum-afxazeTis <strong>eparqia</strong>s. maT garda eparqiebs marTavdnen<br />
mangleli mitropoliti kalistrate, urbneli episkoposi - simeoni, wilkneli<br />
episkoposi - pavle jafariZe, alaverdeli episkoposi melqisedeki, bodbeli<br />
episkoposi stefane, margveli episkoposi varlami. yvelam amaT xeli moaweres<br />
IV saeklesio krebis mier 24 ivniss miRebul dadgenilebas - `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi axali stilis kalendris SemoRebis Sesaxeb~,<br />
romelSic kerZod naTqvamia - `vacxadeb samRvdeloebisa da morwmune eris<br />
sayuradRebod: axali stilis kalendari SemoRebul iqnas <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi ama 1927 wlis noembris 27-dan (Zveli stilis 14dan).<br />
yvela uZravi dResaswaulebi da wmidaTa xseneba gadaxdil iqnas axali<br />
stilis kalendriT, anu swored im ricxvebSi, rogorc uCveneben saeklesio<br />
wignebi~ 2 . aRdgomisa da masze damokidebuli moZravi dReebis xsenebani unda<br />
darCeniliyo iseve, rogorc iqamde dResaswaulobda marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesia. kreba avalebda yvela saeklesio pirs SeesrulebinaT es<br />
gankarguleba. IV krebis es dadgenileba gamocemulia 1927 wlis 12 oqtombers.<br />
aRniSnul dadgenilebas krebam safuZvlad daudo konstantinopolis<br />
patriarqis basilisa da misi wmida sinodis 1927 wlis 17 Tebervlis epistole,<br />
romliTac msoflio sapatriarqo acxadebda msoflio marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis gadasvlas axal stilze. 1923 wels konstantinopolSi sinodikonis<br />
darbazSi mowveul `yvela marTlmadidebeli eklesiis~ krebis ZaliT 1 , romlis<br />
mierac `1924 wels SemoRebul iqna Sesworebuli kalendari yovelmxriv<br />
kanonikurad~. `arasodes, arc erT krebas, msoflios Tu adgilobrivs ar<br />
miuCnevia kalendari dogmatur da ZiriTad saeklesio kanonikur<br />
dadgenilebaTa xasiaTisa~ 1 . rogorc cnobilia, mTelma eklesiam da saerTod<br />
xalxma ar miiRo eklesiaSi axali stilis kalendari.<br />
1928 wlis saeklesio kalendarSi aris ganmarteba Tu ra iyo kalendaruli<br />
cvlilebis mizezebi - paragrafSi - `Zvelisa da axali stilis Sesaxeb~.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, rogorc iTqva, morwmune mrevlma da mTelma eklesiam ar<br />
miiRo aseTi kalendari.<br />
IV saeklesio kreba muSaobas Seudga 1927 21 ivniss. sxdomebi sionSi<br />
tardeboda da dasrulda 27 ivniss. krebam ganixila <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, miiRo deklaracia sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi.<br />
krebam moiTxova eklesias gamoenaxa `masTan saerTo ena, raTa Tavidan iqnes<br />
acilebuli yovelgvari gaugebroba~. amasTanave, krebam saWirod miiCnia<br />
gamoZebniliyo saSualebebi 1923 wlis 18 ianvris mTavrobis dadgenilebis<br />
(`eklesiis saxelmwifodan gamoyofies~ Sesaxeb) cxovrebaSi gasatareblad.<br />
krebam airCia axali kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi qristefore<br />
III (cicqiSvili). krebam uaryofiTad Seafasa sakaTalikozo sabWos muSaoba.<br />
miiCnia, rom misi roli ganuzomlad iyo gazrdili, kerZod ki mmarTvel<br />
mRvdelmTavarTa ukiTxavad wyvetda umTavres saeklesio sakiTxebs, daigmo misi
antisabWoTa politika. Sesabamisad axalma debulebam asaxa krebis<br />
suliskveTeba, sakaTalikozo sabWo gauqmda da mis nacvlad SemoRebul iqna<br />
`sakaTalikozo sinodi~, yvela mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris da eqvsi sxva piris<br />
wevrobiT 2 . krebam daamtkica eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis axali debuleba.<br />
debuleba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis<br />
debuleba ese miRebulia da damtkicebuli sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio<br />
IV krebis mier 1927 wlis, ivnisis 21-27.<br />
$1. marTva-gamgeobis mxriv <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia ganiyofeba eparqiebad,<br />
eparqiebi - olqebad, xolo olqebi samrevloebad.<br />
$2. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi Semdegi eparqiebia:<br />
a) mcxeTa-tfilisisa, romlis mwyemsTmTavari aris mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da<br />
tfilisisa da sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikoz-patriarqi. samwyso:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. deda qalaqi mcxeTa, tfilisi da gare kaxeTi<br />
(teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: mcxeTisa, tfilisisa, rusTavisa, kawareTisa da<br />
ninowmidisa), rasac Seicavs exlandeli mcxeTa da nawili tfilisis mazrisa.<br />
kaTedra eparqiisa aris mcxeTaSi (sveticxovelSi), xolo kaTolikozis<br />
rezidencia-tfilisSi.<br />
SeniSvna 1. kaTolikoz-patriarqis samwysos Seadgens <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wevrni, mcxovrebni sakaTolikozos gareT iseT<br />
qveynebSi, sadac marTlmadidebeli episkopozi ar aris.<br />
SeniSvna 2. rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi gardaicvleba, an mZime avadmyofobisa da sxva mizezTa gamo moklebuli iqneba<br />
saSvalebas, gauwios xelmZRvaneloba saeklesio marTva-gamgeobas, sinodi gamoiwvevs erT-erT mRvdelTmTavars, daniSnavs mas<br />
kaTolikoz-patriarqis Tanamosaydred; mosaydreoba uqmdeba, rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi Tavis adgilzea.<br />
SeniSvna 3. qorepiskopozi SeiZleba hyavdes mxolod kaTolikoz-patriarqs. qorepiskopozis kandidaturas wamoayenebs kaTolikozpatriarqi,<br />
xolo misi wodeba damokidebulia mRvdelT-mTavarTa krebulze, qorepiskopozi wevria sinodisa.<br />
b) wilknisa. samwyso: orisave aragvis, qsan-lexuris xeoba, gare qarTli,<br />
saguramo da fSavxevsureTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa wilknisa, nawili<br />
samTavisisa da samTavrosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli duSeTis mazra da<br />
nawili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqisa. kaTedra mRvdelTmTavrisa<br />
wilkanSi, rezidencia droebiT sveticxovelTan; pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa<br />
`wilkneli episkopozi~.<br />
g) <strong>manglis</strong>isa. samwyso: sabaraTiano (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: <strong>manglis</strong>isa<br />
da winwyarosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli tfilisis mazris dasavleTis<br />
nawili: wyneTi-TeleTis xazidan – TeTri wyaro-<strong>manglis</strong>is xazamde. kaTedra<br />
<strong>manglis</strong>Si, rezidencia tfilisSi. pativi mwyemsT-mTavrisa - `mangleli<br />
episkoposi~.<br />
d) agarak-<strong>walkis</strong>a, anu axtala-penteliTarisa (beStaSenis) (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: <strong>walkis</strong>a, dmanisisa, bolnisisa da agarakisa), rasac Seicavs<br />
exlandeli tfilisis mazris dasavleTis nawili, TeTr wyaro-<strong>manglis</strong>is<br />
xazidan. borCalos da lori-bambakis mazrebi. kaTedra axtalaSi (agaraki),<br />
rezidencia tfilisSi, pativi mRvdelT-mTavrisa: axtala-penteliTaris<br />
(beStaSenis) episkopozi~.
e) alaverdisa. samwyso: Sida kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: alaverdisa,<br />
nekresisa da xarWaSenis), rasac Seicavs exlandeli Telavis mazra da yofili<br />
TianeTis mazris nawili xarWiSos ubnis mimatebiT da amaT garda didoeTdurZukeTi,<br />
miwerili Tergisa da daRestnis mxareebze. kaTedra – alaverdSi,<br />
rezidencia qal. TelavSi, pativi mRvdelT-mTavrisa: `alaverdeli episkopozi~<br />
(anu abba alaverdeli).<br />
v) bodbisa. samwyso: hereTi, rani, Saqi da wukeTi (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: bodbisa, Weremisa, giSisa da xornabujisa), rasac Seicavs<br />
exlandeli mazrebi da olqebi – siRnaRisa, zaqaTalisa, samurisa, nuxisa,<br />
areSisa, ganjisa da yazaxisa. kaTedra – bodbeSi. rezidencia mRvdelTmTavrisa<br />
– qal. siRnaRSi, pativi mRvdelT-mTavris: `bodbeli episkopozi~.<br />
z) urbnisisa. samwyso: Sida qarTli (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: urbnisis,<br />
ruisis, niqozisa, nawili samTavisisa da samTavrosi), rasac Seicavs<br />
exlandeli goris mazra, garda borjomis xeobisa, da amas garda dvaleTi,<br />
miwerili Tergis mxareze. kaTedra – urbnisSi, rezidencia mRvdelT-mTavrisa<br />
qal. gorSi. mRvdelT-mTavris pativi: `urbneli episkopozi~.<br />
А) awyurisa. samwyso: samcxe-javaxeTi da zemo somxeTi (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: awyurisa, wurwyabisa, kumurdosi, eruSeTis, dadaSenis, wyaros-<br />
Tavis, anisis, karisa da alaSkertisa), rasac Seadgens exlandeli axalcixis<br />
mazra – borjomis xeobis momatebiT, axalqalaqis mazra, artaanis olqi,<br />
yarsis olqi, yadzevanis olqi, gumbris mazra, basiani da alaSkerti. kaTedra<br />
mRvdelmTavrisa – awyverSi (droebiT zarzmaSi), rezidencia - qal. axalcixeSi.<br />
mRvdelT-mTavris pativi - `mawyvereli episkopozi~.<br />
T) margveTisa. samwyso: zemo imereTi (teritoria – nawili gaenaTis Zveli<br />
eparqiisa), - exlandeli Sorapnis mazra. kaTedra mRvdelT-mTavrisa –<br />
argveTSi, rezidencia saCxereSi. mRvdelT-mTavris pativi: `margveli<br />
episkoposi~.<br />
i) quTais-genaTisa. samwyso: qvemo-imereTi da okriba (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: quTaisisa, xonisa da nawili gaenaTisa), rasac Seadgens<br />
exlandeli quTaisis mazra. kaTedra – quTaisSi da mwyemsT-mTavris rezidencia<br />
iqve. mwyemsT-mTavris pativi aris - `quTaTel-genaTeli episkopozi~.<br />
ia). nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa),<br />
exlandeli raWis mazra. kaTedra nikorwmidaSi, rezidencia mRvdelT-mTavrisa<br />
– onSi. pativi mRvdelT-mTavrisa: `nikorwmindeli episkopozi~.<br />
ib) cagerisa. samwyso: leCxum-svaneTi (teritoria – cageris Zveli eparqiisa), -<br />
exlandeli leCxumis mazra, kaTedra cagerSi. mRvdelT-mTavris rezidencia –<br />
iqve. pativi mRvdelT-mTavrisa: `cagereli episkopozi~.<br />
ig) Wyondidisa. samwyso: odiSi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: Wyondidisa,<br />
caiSisa da walenjixisa), - exlandeli senakisa da zugdidis mazrebi. kaTedra<br />
mwyemsT-mTavrisa – martvilSi, rezidencia – q.foTSi. pativi mwyemsmTavrisa<br />
aris - `Wyondideli episkopozi~.<br />
id) baTom-Semoqmedisa. samwyso: guria, tao-klarjeTi da WaneTi (teritoria<br />
Zveli eparqiebis: xinowmidisa – imave baTumis, Semoqmedisa, jumaTisa,<br />
satrafelasi, tbeTisa, anCisa, iSxanisa da banisa), rasac Seicavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
respublikis samzRvrebSi – exlandeli ozurgeTis mazra da aWaristanis<br />
avtonomiuri sabWoTa respublika, xolo osmaleTis sazRvrebSi olqebi:<br />
arTvinisa, olTisisa, TorTomisa, kiskimisa, ispiri, rigesi, aTinasi da xofasi.
kaTedra mRvdelT-mTavrisa – q.baTomSi da rezidencia iqve. pativi<br />
mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi~.<br />
ie) cxum-afxazeTisasa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: drandisa – imave cxumisa,<br />
bediisa, moqvisa da biWvinTisa), exlandeli afxazeTis sabWoTa avtonomiuri<br />
respublika da zugdidis mazris nawili mdinare inguris dasavleTiT. kaTedra<br />
mRvdelT-mTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia – iqve. mRvdelT-mTavris<br />
pativi aris - `cxum-afxazeTis episkopozi~.<br />
S e n i S v n a 4 . mitropolitebi pativiT episko[pozebze maRla dganan. mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul<br />
iqmnebian qirotoniis uxucesobis mixedviT.<br />
S e n i S v n a 5. am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis.<br />
mTavari gamgeoba $3. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias ganagebs saeklesio kreba,<br />
romelzedac warmoigzavnebian warmomadgeneli TiToeuli eparqiidan oTxoTxi;<br />
amas garda qalaqebi warmogzavnian: tfilisi – 12, quTaisi, cxumi,<br />
baTomi, foTi, gori, Telavi, siRnaRi, axalcixe, ozurgeTi, liuqsemburgi orors,<br />
cxum-afxazeTi, <strong>walkis</strong> da baTom-Semoqmedis eparqiebis berZenTa eklesiebi<br />
da rusTa – or-ors. saeklesio krebis wevrebad iTvlebian yvela mmarTveli<br />
mRvdelT-mTavarni, kaTolikoz-patriarqis qorepiskopozi da <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
sakaTalikozo sinodis wevrebi.<br />
SeniSvna 1. eparqiebisagan da qalaqebisagan warmogzavnil warmomadgenelTagan naxevari aucileblad sasuliero pirni unda<br />
iyvnen. SeniSvna 2. avadmyofobis dros mRvdelT-mTavars ufleba aqvs wargzavnos krebazed Tavisi warmomadgeneli.<br />
SeniSvna 3. delegatad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes mRvdlis xarisxisagan gandgomil an gankveTili.<br />
$4. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebas Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozi,<br />
xolo, roca igi ar aris, misi mosaydre. kreba irCevs prezidiumis danarCen<br />
wevrebs da mdivnebs. kreba aris perioduli sam weliwadSi erTxel, - da<br />
mudmivi sakaTolikozo sinodis saxiT. periodul krebas iwvevs sakaTolikozo<br />
sinodi. kreba kanonieria, Tu mowveulTa mesamedi mainc gamocxaddeba.<br />
SeniSvna. ara Cveulebrivi kreba moiwveva saWiroebis mixedviT.<br />
$5. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis perioduli krebis kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a)<br />
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba; b) uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali; g)<br />
sabolood garCeva da gadawyveta im saqmeebisa, romelTac mas sakaTolikozo<br />
sinodi warudgens; d) arCeva sakaTolikozo sinodisa, anu mudmivi krebis<br />
wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa; e) Zveli kaTedrebis aRdgena, axali<br />
eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta daxurva da sazRvrebis gamijvna; v)<br />
zrunva sasuliero saswavlebelTa daarsebisa da nivTierad<br />
uzrunvelyofisaTvis.<br />
$6. mudmivi kreba, sakaTolikozo sinodi Sesdgeba yvela mmarTvel mRvdelT-mTavarTagan,<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskopozisa da eqvsi wevrisagan. sinodis wevrebi<br />
da maTi eqvsi kandidati aRirCevian saeklesio krebis mier, rogorc<br />
delegatTa, ise ara delegatTagan. naxevari arCeuli wevrebisa da maTi<br />
kandidatebisa uTuod samRvdelo pirni unda iyvnen.<br />
SeniSvna: sinodi pasuxismgebelia saeklesio krebis winaSe.<br />
$7. sinodis wevrni, agreTve maTi kandidatebi aRirCevian saeklesio krebis<br />
mier samis wlis vadiT da SeuZlianT xel-axala arCeul iqmnen. sinods<br />
Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikoz-patriarqi, xolo roca ar aris, misi mosaydre da<br />
Tu mosaydrec ar aris damswre uxucesi mRvdelT-mTavari. sakaTolikozo<br />
sinodis krebebze weliwadSi orjel: didmarxvis mesame kviraSi da
Semodgomaze moiwvevian yvela mRvdel-mTavrebi (mmarTvelni da<br />
qorepiskopozni), romelTa TanamonawileobiT swydeba sayuradRebo sakiTxebi.<br />
SeniSvna 1. aseT krebebs SeuZlianT gadasinjos sakaTolikozo sinodis Cveulebrivi Semadgenlobis mier gadawyvetili saqmeni<br />
axali dadgenilebis gamosatanad, Tu isini gansaCivrebuli iqmnebian.<br />
SeniSvna 2. mRvdelT-mTavris dauswreblad sakaTolikozo sinodis kreba ar xdeba.<br />
SeniSvna 3. adgilobriv mRvdelTmTavars SeuZlia wamoiyvanos sinodis sxdomaze saTanadod momzadebuli piri Tavis eparqiis<br />
saWirboroto da mniSvnelovan sakiTxebis garCevis dros monawileobis misaRebad saTaTbiro xmiT.<br />
SeniSvna 4. Tu raime mizezisa gamo sinodis wevrma Tavi gaaneba samsaxurs da kandidatebic uars ityvian wevrobaze,<br />
sinodis plenums an Cveulebriv Semadgenlobas eZleva neba moiwvios saTanadod momzadebuli piri, kooptaciis wesiT.<br />
$8. sinodis sxdoma kanonieria, Tu mas daeswreba Tavmjdomare da tfilisSi<br />
mcxovreb wevrTa naxevari.<br />
$9. sinodSi sakiTxi ubralo xmis umetesobiT swydeba, xolo roca xmebi<br />
Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri upiratesobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.<br />
$10. sabWos wevrT ara aqvT ufleba Tavi Seikavon xmis micemisagan.<br />
$11. Tu romelime wevri moisurvebs kerZo azris Setanas, movalea<br />
gamosTqvas igi TviT sxdomazed, da ara ugvianes samis dRisa warudginos<br />
werilobiT sxdomis Tavmjdomares, JurnalSi Sesatanad, anu dasarTvelad.<br />
$12. saqmeebis ganxilvis rigs awesebs Tavmjdomare.<br />
$13. sakiTxis aRZvris ufleba aqvs sinodis yvela wevrs; am uflebis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa werilobiTi gancxadebis Setana kaTolikozpatriarqis<br />
saSualebiT, romelic movalea aRniSnuli gancxadeba gadasces<br />
gansaxilvelad sinodis uaxloes krebas.<br />
$14. kaTolikoz-patriarqs ar aqvs ufleba moxsnas Tavis gankargulebiT<br />
sakiTxi rigisagan, xeli SeuSalos ganCinebis gamotanas dasmul sakiTxze, an<br />
SeaCeros ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvana, Tu Tavis droze ar ganucxadebia<br />
protesti.<br />
$14a. kaTolikoz-patriarqs, Tu dainaxavs, rom sinodis mier gamotanili<br />
ganCineba mavnebeli da sazianoa sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi mxriT eklesiis<br />
keTildReobisaTvis, - SeuZlia ganacxados protesti da samis dRis<br />
ganmavlobaSi Seitanos sinodSi werilobiTi winadadeba sakiTxis<br />
gadasinjvisaTvis.<br />
$15. rodesac sinodSi irCeva saqme Tavmjdomaris anu sinodis wevris<br />
ukanono moqmedebaTa gamo, dainteresebul pirs neba aqvs darCes darbazSi<br />
saqmis moxsenebis dros da miawodos sinods saWiro ganmarteba, magram, roca<br />
sinodi Seudgeba ganCinebis gamotanas, ueWvelad unda dastovos darbazi.<br />
SeniSvna: roca saCivari exeba Tavmjdomaris (kaTolikozis) ukanono<br />
moqmedebas, sinods Tavmjdomareobs uxucesi damswre mRvdelTmTavarTagan.<br />
$16. sinodis ganCinebas xels awers yvelaze uwin Tavmjdomare da mis<br />
Semdeg yvela im sxdomaze damswre wevri, miuxedavad imisa, Tanaxma iyo igi<br />
gamotanili ganCinebisa, Tu ara.<br />
$17. sinodis wevrTa Soris saqmeTa ganawileba da maTi warmoebis wesi<br />
xdeba sinodisve ganCinebiT. Tu romelime wevri ar asrulebs Tavis<br />
movaleobas da xels uSlis saqmis normalurad warmoebas, sakaTolikozo<br />
sinods eZleva ufleba misi gadayenebisa da mis adgilze kandidatis mowvevisa.<br />
amis Sesaxeb sakaTolikozo sinodi valdebulia, moaxsenos morig plenums, anu<br />
saeklesio krebas, saboloo msjavris dasadebad.<br />
$18. sakaTolikozo sinods samsaxuris mxriT eqvemdebarebian rogorc<br />
mRvdelT-mTavrebi da sasuliero pirni, agreTve saeklesio dawesebulebani da
maTSi mosamsaxureni, xolo sarwmunoebisa da saeklesio disciplinis mxriT<br />
yoveli wevri <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiisa. sinodis dadgenilebani savaldebuloa<br />
yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da eklesiis wevrTaTvis; amaTi Secvla<br />
SeuZlia mxolod sinods, plenums, periodul an araCveulebriv krebas.<br />
sakaTolikozo sinodi Tavisi funqciebis aRsrulebis dros xelmZRvanelobs<br />
saRmrTo weriliT; msoflio da adgilobrivi (maT Soris <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis) krebaTa dadgenilebiT da saxelmwifoSi moqmed kanonmdeblobiT.<br />
sakaTolikozo sinods hyavs damxmare organoebi: kontroli, sameurneo<br />
gamgeoba, kancelaria da sxva.<br />
$19. sakaTolikozo sinods anu mudmiv krebas eqvemdebareba Semdegi<br />
saqmeebi: a) zrunva saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa da qarTuli<br />
RvTismetyvelebis ayvavebisa da Seuryvnelad dacvisaTvis; b) zrunva samwysoTa<br />
sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi warmatebisaTvis; g) saWiroebaTa mixedviT arsebul<br />
kanonTa farglebSi gankargulebis gamocema da droebiT, morig saeklesio<br />
krebamde, cxovrebaSi misi gatareba; d) Tvalyuris devneba mis qvemdebare<br />
pirTa da dawesebulebebis moqmedebaTaTvis; e) zrunva taZarTa, saqvelmoqmedo<br />
da sasuliero saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa keTilmowyobisaTvis; v)<br />
ganxilva da saTanado dawesebulebaTa winaSe Suamdgomlobis aRZvra<br />
eklesiaTa, saqvelmoqmedo da sasuliero samoswavlo-saganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebaTa daarsebis Sesaxeb; z) saTanado saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa<br />
da Tanamdebobis pirTa winaSe saeklesio saqmeTa gamo Suamdgomlobis aRZvra;<br />
А) zrunva samRvdeloebis qonebrivad uzrunvelyofisaTvis; T) zrunva<br />
samsaxuridan gasul samRvdelo pirTa, saeklesio dawesebulebaTa moxeleTa<br />
da samRvdelobis qvriv-obolTaTvis; i) zrunva saRmrTo da saeklesiosaRvTismsaxuro<br />
wignTa Sedgenisa, Sesworebisa da gamocemisaTvis; ia)<br />
mRvdelT-mTavarTa, Tanaxmad maTis Txovnisa, samsaxuriTgan ganTavisufleba;<br />
ib) reviziis daniSvna sxvadasxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo; ig)<br />
eparqiebisa da saeklesio dawesebulebaTa xarjT-aRricxvis ganxilvadamtkiceba;<br />
id) saeparqio dawesebulebaTa wliuri angariSebis ganxilva da<br />
mTeli sakaTolikozois wliuri angariSis Sedgena perioduli krebisaTvis<br />
warsadgenad; ie) sabolood garCeva apelaciis da kasaciis wesiT saeparqio<br />
mmarTvelobaTagan Semosul saqmeTa; iv) nebarTva sakaTolikozos eklesiebSi<br />
nebayoflobiTi Sewirulebis saqvelmoqmedo mizniT Sekrebisa; iz) sxva<br />
avtokefalur eklesiebTan urTierTobis daWera; ih) perioduli krebis mowveva<br />
da im krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa winaswari damuSaveba da masalebis<br />
Sekreba; iT) xelmZRvaneloba kaTolikozis arCevnebisa; k) micema droebiT<br />
Tavisuflebisa, erT Tveze metis vadiT, episkopozebisa, sakaTalikozo sinodis<br />
wevrebis da sinodis damxmare organoTa gamgeTaTvis; ka) zrunva galobis<br />
aRdgena-gamSvenebisaTvis; kb) zrunva uepiskoposod darCenil <strong>eparqia</strong>TaTvis;<br />
kg) danaSaulobani, romelTaTvis saeklesio kanoniT daniSnulia eklesiis<br />
wevrobidan gamoricxva da mRvdlis xarisxidan gankveTa; kd) saeparqio sabWos<br />
wevrTa da mRvdelmTavarTa danaSaulobani samsaxurSi.<br />
$20. kaTolikozi. saWeTmpyroblad (mTavar-winamZRvrad) eklesiisa iTvleba mTavarepiskopozi<br />
mcxeTisa da tfilisisa da sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikozpatriarqi,<br />
romelsac irCevs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis perioduli kreba, faruli<br />
xmis micemiT. arCeulad CaiTvleba is kandidati, romelic umravles amomrCev<br />
xmas miiRebs, magram damswre amomrCevelT xmebis naxevarze mets.
S e n i S v n a : sakaTolikozo kandidatisaTvis berobis miReba savaldebulo ar aris. fizikurisa da zneobrivis<br />
mxriv, igi unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas da unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi sazogado ganaTleba da<br />
Sesaferi saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba.<br />
$21. kaTolikoz-patriarqis kompetencia aseTia: a) is Tavmjdomareobs<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio periodul da mudmiv krebas; b)<br />
mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs sakaTolikozos eparqiebs da xelmZRvanelobas<br />
uwevs episkoposebs saeparqio marTva-gamgeobaSi; g) mis saxels ixsenieben<br />
wirva-locvis dros sakaTolikozos mRvdelT-mTavrebi da samRvdeloeba; d)<br />
igi aZlevs droebiT Tavisuflebas episkopozebs, sakaTolikozo sinodis<br />
wevrebs da sinodis damxmare organoTa gamgeebs ara umetes erTi Tvisa<br />
weliwadSi, xolo saeparqio marTva-gamgeobis organoTa meTaurebs - ori<br />
TviTgan da mets; e) agreTve aZlevs daTxovnis sigelebs im episkopozebs,<br />
romelnic droebiT eparqiidan sxvagan sadme midian; v) iRebs saCivars<br />
episkopozTa, sakaTolikozo sinods wevrTa, saeparqio krebaTa da saeparqio<br />
dawesebulebaTa Sesaxeb da aZlevs am saCivrebs kanonier msvlelobas; z)<br />
saWiro SemTxvevaSi, sinodis mindobilobiT, is aZlevs rCevas da<br />
mwyemsTmTavrul SeniSvnas episkopozebsa da saeparqio sabWoebis wevrebs; h)<br />
sinodisve mindobilobiT imas miwer-mowera aqvs sxva avtokefalur<br />
eklesiebTan da saxelmwifos umaRles dawesebulebebTan.<br />
saeparqio marTva-gamgeoba $22. saeparqio mmarTvelovbis mTavari organo<br />
aris saeparqio kreba, romelzedac TviTeuli olqi gzavnis or<br />
warmomadgenels, romelTagan erTi ueWvelad samRvdeloa. kreba orgvaria<br />
Cveulebrivi, weliwadSi erTxel da ara Cveulebrivi – saWiroebisdagvarad.<br />
krebas Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelT-mTavari, rodesac mRvdelTmTavari<br />
ar aris, kreba TiTon irCevs Tavmjdomares samRvdelo pirTa Soris:<br />
krebave irCevs prezidiumis danarCen wevrebs da mdivnebsac. kreba kanonieria,<br />
Tu masze gamocxadda ara umcires mowveulTa mesamedisa.<br />
SeniSvna 1. saeparqio krebas iwvevs saeparqio mmarTveloba.<br />
SeniSvna 2: saeparqio krebis wevrebad iTvlebian saeparqio sabWos wevrebi.<br />
SeniSvna 3: warmomadgenlad ar SeiZleba arCeva mRvdlis xarisxidan gandgomilisa, an gankveTilisa.<br />
$23. saeparqio krebis uflebas Seadgens: a) saeparqio sabWos wevrTa da<br />
maTi kandidatebis arCeva; b) Tvalyuris devneba saeparqio cxovrebisa da<br />
saeparqio dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; g) arCeva delegatebisa sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebisaTvis; d) zrunva saeklesio, samoswavlo da<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa daarsebisa, gaumjobesebisa da nivTier<br />
saSualebaTa gamonaxvisaTvis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si; e) adgilobrivi sabWos mier<br />
SemuSavebuli wesebis da instruqciebis damtkiceba; v) zrunva galobis<br />
gaumjobesebisaTvis.<br />
SeniSvna: saeparqio krebis ganCineba Sedis ZalaSi, Tu mas emxroba adgilobrivi, mRvdelT-mTavari, winaaRmdeg<br />
SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxi gadaecema sakaTolikozo sinods.<br />
$24. saeparqio krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris saeparqio sabWo. sabWos<br />
Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelT-mTavari, xolo, roca igi araa, maSin<br />
sabWos wevrebi, TavianT Soris irCeven Tavmjdomares samRvdelo pirTagan;<br />
sabWo Sesdgeba oTxis wevrisagan, romelTagan ori samRvdeloa. sabWos wevrebi<br />
irCevian saeparqio krebis mier, samis wlis vadiT. amaT garda sabWos hyavs<br />
mdivani, romelsac TviT sabWo moiwvevs. sabWos wevris samsaxuri ufasoa.<br />
$25. saeparqio sabWos kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a) sarwmunoebis da<br />
zneobis dacva-ganmtkicebisaTvis zrunva <strong>eparqia</strong>Si; b) ganxilva im saqmeebisa,
omelTac mas saolqo krebebi an saolqo sabWoebi warmoudgenen; g)<br />
Tvalyuris devneba yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da saeklesio<br />
Tanamdebobis pirTa moqmedebisa <strong>eparqia</strong>Si, d) ufleba krebulis wevrTa<br />
adgilebzed arCeul kandidatebis damtkicebisa; e) ganxilva sakiTxisa axali<br />
olqebis gaxsnisa, an arsebul olqTa Semcirebisa, gind gayofisa da<br />
gadamijvnisa, eparqiis farglebSi; v) saeparqio krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa<br />
winaswari damuSaveba; z) saeparqio wliuri angariSis Sedgena saeparqio<br />
krebisa da sakaTolikozo sinodisaTvis warsadgenad; h) berobisa da<br />
sasuliero wodebidan ganTavisufleba.<br />
SeniSvna: sabWoSi saqmeebi swydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT, magram rodesac sabWos da mRvdelT-mTavars Soris<br />
uTanxmoebaa, maSin sadavo saqme gadaecema sakaTolikozo sinods.<br />
$26. episkopozi aris eparqiis sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi cxovrebis xelmZRvaneli<br />
da ganagebs <strong>eparqia</strong>s saeparqio sabWosTan erTad. saepiskopozo kandidati<br />
aRirCevis faruli xmis micemiT, xeldaasxams mas kaTolikozi episkopozTa<br />
krebiTurT. saepiskopozo kandidats unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi<br />
ganaTleba da Sesaferisi saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba, xolo ukidures<br />
SemTxvevaSi ara umcires saSualo saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebisa; fizikurad<br />
da zneobrivad unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1: uzenaes saeklesio mmarTvelobas, garemoebis mixedviT, SeuZlia daniSnos episkopozi ama Tu<br />
im <strong>eparqia</strong>Si, ukeTu arCevnebis moxdenis normaluri pirobebi ar iqmneba.<br />
SeniSvna 2: saepiskopozo kandidatisaTvis berad Sedgoma savaldebulo ar aris. magram igi ar SeiZleba iyos coliani an<br />
ganqorwinebuli.<br />
SeniSvna 3. saepiskopozo kandidatis arCeva xdeba Semdegi wesiT: kandidatis dasaxeleba SeuZlia daqvrivebuli eparqiis<br />
yovelsave wevrs, eparqiis daqvrivebiTgan erTi Tvis gasvlamde kandidatTa saxelebi waredgineba saTanado cnobebis TandarTviT<br />
kaTolikoz-patriarqs. kandidatTa sias ixilavs mmarTvel episkopozTa krebuli (sami unda ueWvelad daeswros piradad, xolo<br />
danarCenTagan gamoiTxovebis saTanado gramata). episkopozTa krebulisagan mowonebuli saepiskopozo kandidatTa sia waregzavneba<br />
eparqiis droebiT mmarTvel episkopozs krebisaTvis gadasacemad. yvela kandidats kenWi eyreba cal-calke. arCeulad iTvleba is, vinc<br />
yvelaze mets kenWs miiRebs, magram ara umcires delegatTa naxevrisa, arCeul kandidats amtkicebs sakaTolikozo sinodi.<br />
$27. episkopozi aris sakaTedro taZris winamZRvari. mis kompetencias<br />
ekuTvnis: a) sruli ufleba mTel <strong>eparqia</strong>Si swavla-moZRvrebisa; b) ufleba<br />
yovel-gvaris mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebisa; g) zrunva, raTa mis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si<br />
morwmuneni saR saeklesio swavlebas icavdnen; d) mas aqvs ufleba moxsnas<br />
qorwinebis dros zogierTi dabrkolebani, romelnic naTesavur kavSiridan<br />
gamomdinareoben; e) sarwmunoebriv saqmeebSi masze damokidebulni arian<br />
eparqiis yvela wevrebi; d) Tvalyuris devneba samonastro saeklesio qonebaTa<br />
marTva-gamgeobisa <strong>eparqia</strong>Si; v) mis saxels aRavlens wirva-locvis dros mTeli<br />
eparqiis samRvdeloeba; z) is aZlevs droebiTs Tavisuflebas, ara umetes<br />
erTis Tvisa, saeparqio dawesebulebebSi mosamsaxureT; Hh) episkopozs neba aqvs<br />
Svebulebis auReblad, ganSordes Tavis <strong>eparqia</strong>s, weliwadSi ara umetes or<br />
gzisa, sam-samis kviriT, razedac moaxsenebs sakaTolikozo sinods. episkopozi<br />
valdebulia: a) daemorCilos saeklesio kanonebsa da mTavar saeklesio<br />
mmrTvelobis mier kanonierad gamocemuls dadgenilebaTa, xolo roca ama Tu<br />
im saeklesio kanonisa an dadgenilebis DSesaxeb gaugebroba rame daebadeba,<br />
gansamarteblad mTavar saeklesio mTavrobas mihmarTos; b) cxoveli kavSiri<br />
iqonios samwysosTan da am mizniT xSir-xSirad mimoixilos Tavisi <strong>eparqia</strong>; g)<br />
yvelaferSi daemorCilos sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebas da, roca<br />
sakaTolikozo sinodi moiwvevs, aRniSnul krebaze gamocxaddes; d) mTavari<br />
saeklesio mTavrobis nebadaurTvelad ara moimoqmedos ra iseTi, rac mis<br />
uflebas aRemateba; e) wirva-locvis dros kaTolikozis saxels ixseniebdes; v)
sxva <strong>eparqia</strong>Si Tavisi nebiT ara daiwyos ra; z) pativiscemiT epyrobodes sxva<br />
mRvdelT-mTavrebs, saeparqio sabWoebs da saeparqio krebis gadawyvetilebas; e)<br />
ufleba aqvs damnaSave mRvdels aukrZalos administraciuli wesiT<br />
mRvdelmoqmedeba, epitemia daados ara umetes erTis Tvisa, anu moxsnas, da<br />
amas acnobebs saeparqio sabWos.<br />
SeniSvna: episkopozi, Tu igi eparqiis mmarTveli ar aris, anu qorepiskoposobas ar asrulebs da adgilobriv saeparqio da<br />
sakaTolikozo sinodis nebarTviT asrulebs mxolod samrevlo mRvdlis movaleobas, swiravs filonSi da panaRias, gareSe wirva-locvisa, ar<br />
atarebs; wirva-locvaSi mis eklesiaSi moixsenieba kaTolikoz-patriarqis da adgilobriv mRvdelT-mTavris saxelebi.<br />
saolqo mmarTveloba $28. olqs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobiT<br />
ganagebs saolqo kreba, romelSiac monawileobas iRebs olqis TviTeuli<br />
samrevlodan or-ori warmomadgeneli, romelTagan erTi aucileblad<br />
samRvdeloa; krebas Tavmjdomareobs mTavarxucesi. saolqo krebas iwvevs<br />
saolqo sabWo da igi kanonieria, Tu masze gamocxaddeba ara umcires yvela<br />
wevrTa naxevarisa. saolqo kreba aris Cveulebrivi – weliwadSi orjel da<br />
ara Cveulebrivi – saWiroebisadagvarad.<br />
$29. saolqo krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis a) saolqo sabWos wevrTa, maTi<br />
kandidatebis da mTavarxucesis arCeva sami wliT, agreTve arCeva delegatebisa<br />
saeparqio krebisaTvis; b) zrunva samrevloebSi saeklesio cxovrebis<br />
mowesrigebisa da warmatebisaTvis; g) zrunva qvriv-obol-gaWirvebulTaTvis, da<br />
sazogadod saqvelmoqmedo saqmis mowyoba olqSi; d) saolqo sabWos moqmedebis<br />
angariSis ganxilva; e) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra da mosazrebaTa wardgena<br />
Sesaxeb axlis samrevloebis daarsebisa, arsebul samrevloTa gayofisa da<br />
Semcirebisa.<br />
$30. saolqo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris saolqo sabWo, romelsac<br />
Tavmjdomareobs mTavarxucesi. saolqo sabWo Sesdgeba samis wevrisagan,<br />
romelTagan ori sasuliero piria.<br />
SeniSvna: saolqo krebis arCevnebs amtkicebs saeparqio sabWo.<br />
$31. saolqo sabWo: a) adgens saolqos wliur angariSs, romelsac<br />
warudgens saolqo krebasa da saeparqio sabWos b) winaswar daamuSavebs<br />
sakiTxebs, romelic saolqo krebas unda waredginos gansaxilvelad; g) iwvevs<br />
saolqo krebas da xelmZRvanelobas uwevs samrevlo krebebs krebulis wevrTa<br />
arCevnebSi; d) iZleva saWiro cnobebs olqis dawesebulebaTa da mosamsaxure<br />
pirTa Sesaxeb, roca amas umaRlesi saeklesio dawesebulebani moiTxoven; e)<br />
zrunavs moawesrigos krebulis wevrTa Soris amtydari uTanxmoebani saZmo<br />
Semosavlisa da sazogadod sameurneo saqmeebis gamo, agreTve amave xasiaTis<br />
uTanxmoebani krebulis wevrTa da samrevlo sabWoebs Soris; v) aZlevs<br />
krebulis wevrTa Tavisuflebas ara umetes oris kvirisa.<br />
samrevlo $32. samrevlo aris erTis sarwmunoebriv-zneobriobis mizniT,<br />
urTierTis daxmarebis azriT, saeklesio meurneobiT, sakuTaris krebulis<br />
xelmZRvanelobiT, saerTo taZris garSemo Semokrebili da episkopozze<br />
kanoniurad damokidebuli morwmuneTa sazogadoeba.<br />
$33. samrevlos gaxsna ar SeiZleba, ukeTu morwmuneTa ricxvi imdenad<br />
mcirea, rom sakuTari taZrisa da krebulis Senaxva ar SeuZliaT. TviTeul<br />
samrevlos uWiravs gansazRvruli teritoria, romlis sazRvrebi SeiZleba<br />
Seicvalos sxva samrevloebTan SeTanxmebiT da saTanado saeklesio mTavrobis<br />
nebarTviT.
S e n i S v n a . qalaqebSi samrevloTaTvis teritoriuli principis dacva savaldebulo ar aris.<br />
$34. mrevlad iTvleba yoveli morwmune, romelic gansazRvruls samrevlos<br />
ekuTvnis, Setanilia samrevlo davTarSi da monawileobas iRebs yvela<br />
xarjebSi, rasac samrevlo eweva.<br />
$35. samrevlos qonebas Seadgens sanTlis Semosavali da taZarSi, an<br />
mrevlSi Segrovili Semowiruloba. am qonebas samrevlo ganagebs Sesafer<br />
organoTa saSualebiT.<br />
S e n i S v n a . erTsa da iamve samrevloSi SeiZleba iyos zed miwerili taZari, romelSiac, Tu saWiroeba<br />
moiTxovs da mosaxerxebelic iqneba, sruldeba yovelgvari RvTismsaxureba.<br />
$36. samrevlos ganagebs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobis qveSe<br />
samrevlo kreba da mis mier arCeuli samrevlo sabWo.<br />
$37. samrevlo krebas Seadgens yevla marTlmadidebeli qali da kaci (ara<br />
umcires 18 wlisa), romelnic am samrevlos sabuTebSi arian Cawerilni<br />
rogorc wevrni samrevloisa.<br />
$38. ufleba samrevlo krebaSi monawileobis miRebisa gadamwyvetis xmiT<br />
aqvT a) krebulis wevrT da b) yvela srulwlovan marTlmadidebel qalsa da<br />
kacs (ara umcires 18 wlisa), romelnic am samrevlos sabuTebSi arian<br />
Cawerilni, rogorc wevrni samrevloisa. gamonaklisi aRniSnulia qvemore<br />
muxlSi.<br />
$39. samrevlo krebaze monawileobis miRebis ufleba ar aqvT im pirT a)<br />
romelnic daarRveven wesierebas taZarSi, agreTve samrevlo krebaze, b)<br />
romelTac ar SemoaqvT samrevlo gadasaxadebi Tu isini samrevlo krebis mier<br />
ganTavisuflebulni ar arian, rogorc Raribebi, gadasaxadisagan.<br />
$40. kreba aris Cveulebrivi weliwadSi erTxel da ara Cveulebrivi –<br />
saWiroebisamebr. samrevlo krebas iwvevs samrevlo sabWo. kreba unda mowveul<br />
iqnas im SemTxvevaSic, roca amas moiTxovs ara umcires samrevlois 20-is<br />
srul-wlovanis wevrisa; kreba kanonieria, ukeTu masze samrevlos mekomurTa<br />
warmomadgenelTa (Ѕ) naxevari mainc gamocxaddeba, xolo Tu kreba pirvel<br />
mowvevaze ar Sesdga, meored igi kanonieria, ramdeni wevric unda gamocxaddes.<br />
$41. samrevlos krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) arCeva krebulisa da<br />
samrevlo sabWos wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa, agreTve samrevlos<br />
molarisa; b) eklesiisa da krebulis SenaxvisaTvis zrunva; g) samarTalSi<br />
micema samrevlo sabWos wevrebisa samsaxuris aRsrulebis dros uflebis<br />
aRmatebisa da borotmoqmedebisaTvis; d) zrunva eklesiis gamSvenierebisa da<br />
keTilmowyobisaTvis; e) zrunva samrevlos sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi<br />
srulyofisa da mis saganmanaTleblo-saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebaTaTvis; z)<br />
zrunva sakrebulo binisaTvis; z) daniSvna sarevizio komisiis wevrebisa<br />
samrevlo sabWos moqmedebisa da angariSis gansaxilvelad; h) Suamdgomlobis<br />
aRZvra taZris kapitalurad gadakeTebis Sesaxeb, roca trapezis aSlaa saWiro.<br />
$42. samrevlo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris samrevlo sabWo, romelic<br />
Sesdgeba krebulis yvela wevrTa da ara umcires eqvsis wevrisa, romelTac<br />
irCevs samrevlo kreba, sami wlis vadiT. samrevlo sabWos Tavmjdomareobs<br />
eklesiis winamZRvari, xolo roca igi ar aris, maSin sabWo TviTon irCevs<br />
Tavmjdomares Tvis Soris. sabWos sxdomebi imarTeba TveSi erTxel, xolo, Tu<br />
saWiroeba moiTxovs, ufro xSiradac. saqmeebi swydeba ubralo xmis<br />
umetesobiT, xolo, roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri upitaresobs,<br />
romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.
S e n i S v n a 1 . Tu samrevlo krebisa da sabWos ganCineba eklesiis winamZRvars miaCnia eklesiis<br />
sazianod, mas SeuZlia ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvanis SeCereba da misi adgilobriv mRvdelmTavarTan gansaCivreba, - amis Sesaxeb<br />
Tavis azri winamZRvarma unda gamosTqvas krebazedve.<br />
SeniSvna 2. sabWos wevrad irCeva rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.<br />
SeniSvna 3. sabWos wevrad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnas samRvdelo xarisxiTgan gandgomili, an gankveTili.<br />
$43. samrevlo sabWos kompetencia aris: a) eklesiis qonebis marTva-gamgeoba;<br />
b) yovelgvari statistikuri cnobis Sekreba, rasac ki samrevlos marTvagamgeobisaTvis<br />
aqvs raime mniSvneloba; g) akrefa keTilmneblobiTi<br />
Sewirulebisa mrevlSi da misi daniSnulebisamebr moxmareba; d) zrunva<br />
eklesiisa da krebulis Sesanax saSualebaTa gasaZliereblad; e) zrunva<br />
taZrisa da RvTismsaxurebis keTilmowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva qvriv-obolTa da<br />
gaWirvebulTaTvis qvelmoqmedebis wesiT; z) aRZvra saqmisa im pirTa<br />
winaaRmdeg, romelnic eklesiasa da morwmuneTa sarwmunoebriv grZnobas<br />
Selaxaven; h) winaswari damuSaveba im sakiTxebisa, romelic krebam unda<br />
ganixilos; T) samrevlo qonebisa da Tanxebis yovelTviuri Semowmeba; i)<br />
Tavisi moqmedebis wliuri angariSis Sedgena mTavarxucesisa da samrevlo<br />
krebisaTvis warsadgenad; ia) igi avalebs erT-erT wevrs sameurneo nawilis<br />
gamgeobas, xolo erT-erT wevrs – xazindarobas da ib) sabWos davalebiT<br />
krebulis wevrs SeuZlia orive Tanamdebobis asruleba.<br />
S e n i S v n a : sameurneo nawilis gamged da xazindrad SeiZleba daniSnul iqmnas samrevlo sabWos mier<br />
qalic.<br />
$44. krebuli. krebulis aucilebel wevrad iTvlebian: mRvdeli da wignismkiTxveli,<br />
xolo, sadac aris, iq samrevlos diakonic (mTavari).<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . diakoni da wignis-mkiTxveli arian mxolod Tanamsaxurni mRvdlisa da uimisod araviTari<br />
mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesruleba ar SeuZlianT samrevloSi.<br />
$45. eklesiis krebulis wevrs mRvdels, diakons da wignis mkiTxvels<br />
irCevs samrevlo kreba im pirTagan, romelTac, aqvT dasturi arCevnebze<br />
daSvebisa saolqo da saeparqio sabWoTagan. samrevlos Tu ar hyavs Tavisi<br />
kandidatebi krebulis wevrisa, mimarTavs mRvdelT-mTavars aseTi wevrebis<br />
daniSvnisaTvis.<br />
$46. mRvdeli. mRvdeli valdebulia: a) mudam Tavis mrevlSi scxovrobdes da<br />
samrevlo ar dastovos, gansakuTrebiT roca iq raime moaruli seni gaCndeba<br />
da roca samrevlos gansacdeli ram moelis; b) gansakuTrebul Tvalyurs<br />
adevnebdes sakuTars yofaqcevas, rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise Tavis saxlSi; g)<br />
aasrulos sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxureba dawesebul dros; d) mrevlis<br />
moTxovnilebisamebr aasrulos saWiro mRvdelmoqmedeba; v) Tvalyuri adevnos<br />
mrevlSi saeklesio disciplinisa da zneobis dacvas; z) roca samsaxuris<br />
dros ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb eWvi daebadeba, axsna-ganmartebisaTvis<br />
mTavarxucess da saeparqio mTavrobas mimarTos; z) eklesiaSi qadageba da<br />
sazogadod swavla-moZRvreba; T) RvTismsaxurebis dros kaTolikozisa da<br />
Tavisi episkopozis saxeli moixsenios; i) krebulis sxva wevrTa saSualebiT<br />
saeklesio sabuTebi awarmovos; ia) sxva samrevloSi mRvdelmoqmedebis<br />
SesrulebisaTvis gamoiTxovos adgilobrivi mRvdlis nebarTva.<br />
$47. samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidats unda hqondesT sakmao sazogado<br />
ganviTareba, icoden saeklesio tibikoni da kiTxva-galoba, rac windawinve<br />
unda iqmnes Semowmebuli saeparqio mTavrobis mier.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 : meored jvardawerils, an qvrivze jvardawerils eris kacs neba eZleva<br />
mTavardiakvnobis da mRvdlobis xarisxis miRebisa.
SeniSvna 2: mRvdels neba aqvs Seasrulos RvTis msaxurebis dros diakonis samsaxuri diakonisave SesamoselSi, xolo<br />
ipodiakons neba eZleva kvereqsis warmoTqmisa.<br />
SeniSvna 3: wignismkviTxvelad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes qalic.<br />
saeklesio samarTali $48. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis samarTals eqvemdebareba<br />
ama eklesiis yvela wevri iseT saqmeebSi saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa,<br />
zneobriv cxovrebisa, saeklesio wyobilebisa da saeklesio samsaxuris<br />
winaaRmdeg, romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia gansazRvruli<br />
sasjeli anu zomebi zRvevisa da gasworebisa.<br />
$49. sakaTolikozo sinodi asrulebs uzenaes sasuliero sasamarTlo<br />
funqciebs. yovelive danaSauloba eklesiur-sarwmunoebriv TvalsazrisiT,<br />
romelic Seexeba morwmuneTa da samRvdelo pirTa, garda episkopozisa, irCeva<br />
saeparqio sabWos mier, saeparqio sabWos ganCinebiT ukmayofilo pirs SeuZlia<br />
ganasaCivros aseTi ganCineba sakaTolikozo sinodSi. ukeTu saqme<br />
gadawyvetilia sakaTolikozo sinodis Cveulebriv Semadgenlobisagan, aseTi<br />
gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gansaCivrebul iqmnas imave sinodis gaZlierebul<br />
SemadgenlobaSi, romlis dadgenileba sabolovoa.<br />
$50. saeparqio sabWos samarTals eqvemdebareba: danaSaulobani,<br />
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanonebiT dadgenilia zomebi: mRvdelmoqmedebis<br />
aRkveTa, samsaxuridan gadayeneba, eklesiis wevrobidan gamoricxva; saeklesio<br />
epitimiis dadeba morwmuneebze da samRvdelo pirebze; jvrisweris gauqmebis<br />
saqme.<br />
$51. mRvdelTmTavarTa Sesaxeb saCivrebs ixilavs sinodi da Rebulobs<br />
droebiT zomebs, xolo sabolovo msjavri gamoaqvs sakaTolikozo sinodis<br />
gaZlierebul Semadgenlobas (ix. $7). mRvdelTmTavarTa ara kanonier<br />
moqmedebaTa gamo TviT sakaTolikozo sinodsac aqvs ufleba saqmis aRZvrisa.<br />
gadmobeWdilia wignidan `debuleba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTvagamgeobisaTvis,<br />
tfilisi, 1928.<br />
14. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> VIII saeklesio krebis (1937 w.) saxeliT gamocemuli `debuleba~<br />
1945 wlis 28 marts <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinodma miiRo `debuleba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis~, romelic SeTanxmebuli iyo<br />
meoTxe da merve saeklesio krebaTa mier damtkicebul `debulebebTan~,<br />
amasTanave, igi SeTanxmebuli iyo imJamindel sabWoTa kavSirSi moqmed
samoqalaqo kanonebTan. am debulebaTa ZaliT mTlianad gauqmebul iqna ara<br />
mxolod adrindeli `sakaTolikozo sabWo~, romelsac imdenad didi uflebebi<br />
gaaCnda, rom krebaTa Soris periodSi igi xelmZRvanelobda eklesias, aramed<br />
1927 wels dadgenili `sakaTalikozo sinodic~. axali debulebis mixedviT,<br />
krebaTa Soris periodSi amJamad ukve sruli mmarTveli iyo kaTolikozpatriarqi,<br />
romelTanac arsebobda `kaTalikoz-patriarqis Tana sinodi~. misi<br />
wevrebi mxolod mRvdelmTavrebi iyvnen.<br />
1937 wels VIII saeklesio krebaze moxda wm. sinodis reorganizacia,<br />
SemoRebul iqna erTpirovnuli marTva-gamgeoba, sinods ewoda<br />
kaTalikosisTanai.<br />
1945 wlis 28 martis debulebas aqvs rezolucia - `miRebul iqnas:<br />
kaTalikoz-patriarqi kalistrate, urbneli mitropoliti melqisedeki,<br />
quTaTel-genaTel-Wyondideli episkopozi efremi, wilkneli episkopozi<br />
tarasi, ninowmideli episkoposi dimitri~. debulebis mixedviT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiaSi iyo 15 <strong>eparqia</strong>, romelTagan mravali umRvdelmTavrod iyo<br />
darCenili. eklesia da misi saWeTmpyrobeli debulebis mixedviT<br />
xelmZRvanelobda `saRmrTo weriliT, msoflio da adgilobrivi (maT Soris<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>) krebaTa dadgenilebebiT da saxelmwifoSi momqmedi<br />
kanonmdeblobiT~.<br />
debuleba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis<br />
(SeTanxmeba meoTxe da merve saeklesio krebaTa mier damtkicebul<br />
`debulebaTa~ ssr kavSirSi momqmed samoqalaqo kanonebTan)<br />
*<br />
* *<br />
$1. marTva-gamgeobis mxriv <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia ganiyofeba eparqiebad,<br />
eparqiebi - olqebad, xolo olqebi samrevloebad.<br />
$2. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi Semdegi eparqiebia:<br />
a) mcxeTa-Tbilisisa, romlis mwyemsT-mTavari aris mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da<br />
Tbilisisa da sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikoz-patriarqi. samwyso:<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. deda qalaqi mcxeTa, Tbilisi da gare kaxeTi<br />
(teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: kawareTisa, mcxeTisa, ninowmidisa, rusTavisa da<br />
Tbilisisa), rasac Seicavs exlandeli raionebi TianeTisa, mcxeTisa,<br />
sagarejosi da yaraiazisa da nawili Tbilisisa. kaTedra eparqiisa aris<br />
mcxeTaSi (sveticxovelSi), xolo kaTolikozis rezidencia TbilisSi.<br />
SeniSvna 1. kaTolikoz-patriarqis samwysos Seadgens <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wevrni, mcxovrebni sakaTolikozos gareT iseT<br />
qveynebSi, sadac marTlmadidebeli episkopozi ar aris.<br />
SeniSvna 2. rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi gardaicvleba, an mZime avadmyofobisa da sxva mizezTa gamo moklebuli iqmneba<br />
saSvalebas gauwios xelmZRvaneloba saeklesio marTva-gamgeobas, mis adgils iWers is mRvdelTmTavari, mosaydris wodebiT, romlis<br />
Sesaxeb kaTolikoz-patriarqis mdivanTan inaxeba misi uwmindesobis da unetaresobis werilobiTi gankarguleba; mosaydreoba uqmdeba,<br />
rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi Tavis adgilzea. kaTolikozis gardacvalebis Semdeg kreba unda iyos mowveuli ara ugvianes sami Tvisa.
SeniSvna 3. qorepiskopozi SeiZleba hyavdes mxolod kaTolikoz-patriarqs.<br />
b) agarak-<strong>walkis</strong>a, anu axtala penteliTarisa (beStaSenis) (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: agarakisa, bolnisisa, dmanisisa da <strong>walkis</strong>a), rasac Seicavs<br />
raionebi baSkiCeTisa, bolnisisa, borCalosi da <strong>walkis</strong>a, da lori-bambakis<br />
mxare. kaTedra axtalaSi (agaraki), rezidencia TbilisSi, pativi<br />
mRvdelTmTavrisa `axtala-penteliTaris (beStaSenis) episkopozi~.<br />
g) alaverdisa. samwyso: Sida kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: alaverdisa,<br />
nekresisa da xarWaSenisa), rasac Seicavs Telavisa da yvarlis raionebi da<br />
TianeTis raionis nawili xarWiSos ubnis mimatebiT da amaT garda didoeTdurZukeTi,<br />
miwerili Tergisa da daRestnis mxareebze. kaTedra – alaverdSi,<br />
rezidencia qalaq TelavSi, pativi mRvdelT-mTavrisa: `alaverdeli<br />
episkopozi~ (anu abba alaverdeli).<br />
d) awyurisa. samwyso: samcxe-javaxeTi da zemo somxeTi (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: alaSkertisa, anisisa, awyurisa, dadaSenisa, eruSeTisa, karisa,<br />
kumurdosi, wurwyabisa da wyarosTavisa), rasac Seadgens raionebi adigenisa,<br />
aspinZisa da axalqalaqisa, axalcixisa da bogdanovkasi, da alaSkerti,<br />
artaanis olqi, basiani, gumbris mxare, yarsis olqi da yaRzevanis olqi.<br />
kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa – awyverSi, rezidencia qalaq axalcixeSi. mRvdelTmTavris<br />
pativi - `mawyvereli episkopozi~.<br />
e) baTom-Semoqmedisa. samwyso: guria, taoklarjeTi da WaneTi (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: anCisa, banisa, iSxanisa, satrafelasi, tbeTisa, jumaTisa,<br />
xinowmidisa – imave baTumis, Semoqmedisa), rasac Seicavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
respublikis sazRvrebSi – exlandeli raionebi baTomisa, maxaraZisa, qedisa,<br />
qobuleTisa, Coxataurisa da xulosi, xolo osmaleTis sazRvrebSi olqebi:<br />
aTinasi, arTvinisa, TorTomisa, kiskimisa, ispirisa, olTisisa, rizesi, da<br />
xofasi. kaTedra mRvdelTmTavrisa baTomSi da rezidencia iqve. pativi<br />
mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi~.<br />
v) bodbisa. samwyso: rani, Saqi, wukeTi da hereTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa:<br />
bodbisa, giSisa, Weremisa da xornabujisa), rasac Seicavs raionebi gujaanisa,<br />
kaWreTisa, lagodexisa, signaxisa da wiTelwyarosi, da olqebi areSisa,<br />
ganjisa, zaqaTlisa, nuxisa, samurisa da yazaxisa. kaTedra – bodbeSi.<br />
rezidencia mRvdelTmTavrisa qalaq siRnaRSi, pativi mRvdelT-mTavris:<br />
`bodbeli episkopozi~.<br />
z) margveTisa. samwyso: zemo imereTi (teritoria – nawili gaenaTis Zveli<br />
eparqiisa), - exlandeli raionebi zestafonisa, orjonikiZisa, saCxerisa,<br />
Cxarisa da WiaTurisa. kaTedra mRvdelT-mTavrisa – argveTSi, rezidencia<br />
saCxereSi. mRvdelT-mTavris pativi: `margveli episkoposi~.<br />
h) <strong>manglis</strong>isa. samwyso: sabaraTiano (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: <strong>manglis</strong>isa da<br />
winwyarosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli Tbilisis raionis dasavleTis nawili:<br />
wyneTi-TeleTis xazidan – TeTriwyaros raioni. kaTedra <strong>manglis</strong>Si,<br />
rezidencia TbilisSi. pativi mwyemsT-mTavrisa - `mangleli episkoposi~.<br />
T). nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa),<br />
exlandeli raionebi ambrolaurisa da onisa. kaTedra nikorwmidaSi,<br />
rezidencia mRvdelTmTavrisa – onSi. pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa: `nikorwmindeli<br />
episkopozi~.<br />
i) urbnisisa. samwyso: Sida qarTli (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: nawili<br />
samTavisisa, niqozisa, ruisisa, samTavrosi da urbnisisa), rasac Seicavs<br />
exlandeli raionebi borjomisa, gorisa, znaurisa, kaspisa, leningorisa,
stalinirisa, qarelisa, xaSurisa da javasi da amas garda dvaleTi, miwerili<br />
Tergis mxareze. kaTedra – urbnisSi, rezidencia mRvdelT-mTavrisa qal.<br />
gorSi. mRvdelTmTavris pativi: `urbneli episkopozi~.<br />
ia) quTais-gaenaTisa. samwyso: qvemo-imereTi da okriba (teritoria Zveli<br />
eparqiebisa: quTaisisa, xonisa da nawili gaenaTisa), rasac Seadgens raionebi<br />
vanisa, maiakovskisa (baRdaTisa), samtrediisa, tyibulisa, quTaisisa,<br />
wulukiZisa (xonisa) da wyaltubosi. kaTedra – quTaisSi da mwyemsT-mTavris<br />
rezidencia iqve. mwyemsTmTavris pativi aris `quTaTel-genaTeli episkopozi~.<br />
ib) cagerisa. samwyso: leCxum-svaneTi (teritoria – cageris Zveli eparqiisa), -<br />
exlandeli raionebi zemo svaneTisa, qvemo svaneTisa da cagerisa. kaTedra<br />
cagerSi. mRvdelTmTavris rezidencia iqve. pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa: `cagereli<br />
episkopozi~.<br />
ig) cxum-afxazeTisasa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: drandisa – imave cxumisa,<br />
bediisa, biWvinTisa da moqvisa), exlandeli afxazeTis sabWoTa avtonomiuri<br />
respublikis raionebi gagrisa, galisa, gudauTisa, gulripSisa, oCamCiresi,<br />
qluxorisa da cxumisa da zugdidis raionis nawili mdinare inguris<br />
dasavleTiT. kaTedra mRvdelTmTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia – iqve,<br />
mRvdelTmTavris pativi aris - `cxum-afxazeTis episkopozi~.<br />
id) wilknisa. samwyso: orisave aragvis, qsan-lexuris xeoba, gare qarTli,<br />
saguramo da fSavxevsureTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa samTavrosi, nawili<br />
samTavisisa da wilknisa), rasac Seicavs raionebi duSeTisa da yazbegisa da<br />
nawili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqisa. kaTedra mRvdelTmTavrisa<br />
wilkanSi, rezidencia droebiT sveticxovelTan, pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa<br />
`wilkneli episkopozi~.<br />
ie) Wyondidisa. samwyso: odiSi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: caiSisa,<br />
walenjixisa da Wyondidisa), exlandeli raionebi abaSisa, gegeWkorisa,<br />
zugdidisa, foTisa, Cxorowyuisa, cxakaiasi, walenjixisa da xobisa. kaTedra<br />
mwyemsT-mTavrisa – martvilSi, rezidencia q.foTSi. pativi mwyemsmTavrisa<br />
aris - `Wyondideli episkopozi~.<br />
S e n i S v n a : am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis.<br />
mTavari gamgeoba $3. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias ganagebs saeklesio kreba, romelic<br />
Sesdgeba mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrebisa da kaTolikoz-patriarqis<br />
qorepiskopozisagan; mRvdelTmTavarTa mier momqmed eparqiebidan mowveul<br />
TiTo sasuliero da saero pirTagan da mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiidan imden<br />
sasuliero da saero warmomadgenelTagan, ramdenic gamowveul iqmneba<br />
danarCen eparqiebidan.<br />
SeniSvna 1. avadmyofobis dros mRvdelT-mTavars ufleba aqvs wargzavnos krebazed Tavisi warmomadgeneli sasuliero piri.<br />
SeniSvna 2. momqmed <strong>eparqia</strong>d iTvleba, sadac msaxurobs ori mRvdeli mainc.<br />
SeniSvna 3. delegatad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes mRvdlis xarisxisagan gandgomil an gankveTili.<br />
$4. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebas iwvevs da Tavmjdomareobs<br />
kaTolikozi, xolo, roca igi ar aris, misi mosaydre. kreba irCevs<br />
prezidiumis danarCen wevrebs da mdivnebs. kreba moiwveva saWiroebis mixedviT,<br />
mTavrobis nebarTviT. kreba kanonieria, Tu mowveulTa naxevarze meti<br />
gamocxaddeba.<br />
$5. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis krebis kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a)<br />
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba; b) uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali; g)
sabolood garCeva da gadawyveta im saqmeebisa, romelTac mas kaTolikozi an<br />
misi mosaydre warudgens; d) arCeva kaTolikozisa; e) Zveli kaTedrebis<br />
aRdgena, axali eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta daxurva da sazRvrebis<br />
gamijvna; v) zrunva sasuliero saswavlebelTa daarsebisa da nivTierad<br />
uzrunvelyofisaTvis.<br />
$6. kaTolikozi. saWeTmpyroblad (mTavar winamZRvrad) eklesiisa iTvleba mTavarepiskopozi<br />
mcxeTisa da tfilisisa da sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikozpatriarqi,<br />
romelsac irCevs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis kreba, faruli xmis<br />
micemiT. arCeulad CaiTvleba kandidati, romelic umravles amomrCev xmas<br />
miiRebs, magram damswre amomrCevelT xmebis naxevarze mets.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . kaTolikoz-patriarqi pasuxismgebelia mxolod krebis winaSe.<br />
S e n i S v n a 2 : sakaTolikozo kandidatisaTvis berobis miReba savaldebulo ar aris. fizikurisa da<br />
zneobrivis mxriv igi unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas da sasurvelia hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi sazogado<br />
ganaTleba da Sesaferi saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba.<br />
$7. sakrebaTaSoriso periodSi sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis uzenaes<br />
uflebaTa ganmaxorcielebelia kaTolikoz-patriarqi.<br />
$8. kaTolikoz-patriarqi Tavis movaleobaTa aRsrulebis dros<br />
xelmZRvanelobs saRmrTo weriliT, msoflio da adgilobriv (maT Soris<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis) krebaTa dadgenilebiT da saxelmwifoSi momqmedi<br />
kanonmdeblobiT.<br />
$9. kaTolikoz-patriarqis kompetencia aseTia: a) is Tavmjdomareobs<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebas; b) mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs<br />
sakaTolikozos eparqiebs da xelmZRvanelobas uwevs episkoposebs saeparqio<br />
marTva-gamgeobaSi; g) mis saxels ixsenieben wirva-locvis dros<br />
sakaTolikozos mRvdelTmTavrebi da samRvdeloeba; d) zrunva saeklesio<br />
swavla-moZRvrebisa, qarTuli RvTismetyvelebis ayvavebisa da Seuryvnelad<br />
dacvisaTvis; e) zrunavs samwysoTa sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi warmatebisaTvis; v)<br />
zrunavs taZarTa, saqvelmoqmedo da sasuliero saganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebaTa keTilmowyobisaTvis; z) Suamdgomlobs saTanado<br />
dawesebulebaTa winaSe saqvelmoqmedo da sasuliero samoswavlo<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa daarsebis Sesaxeb; h) zrunavs<br />
samRvdeloebis qonebrivad uzrunvelyofisaTvis; T) zrunavs samsaxuridan<br />
gasul samRvdelo pirTa, saeklesio dawesebulebaTa moxeleTa da<br />
samRvdeloebis qvriv-obolTaTvis; i) zrunavs saRmrTo da saeklesiosaRvTismsaxuro<br />
wignTa Sesworebisa da gamocemisaTvis; ia) anTavisuflebs<br />
mRvdelmTavarTa, Tanaxmad maTis Txovnisa, samsaxuridan; ib) niSnavs revizias<br />
sxva da sxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo; ig) ganixilavs saeparqio da<br />
sakaTolikozos wliur angariSebs; id) zrunavs krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa<br />
damuSavebisa da masalebis SekrebisaTvis; ie) zrunavs galobis aRdgenagamSvenebisaTvis;<br />
iv) zrunavs uepiskopozod darCenil <strong>eparqia</strong>TaTvis; iz)<br />
aZlevs droebiT Tavisuflebas episkopozebs da daTxovnis sigelebs im<br />
episkopozebs, romelnic droebiT eparqiidan sxvagan sadme midian; ih) iRebs<br />
saCivrebs episkopozTa Sesaxeb da aZlevs am saCivrebs kanonier msvlelobas;<br />
iT) saWiro SemTxvevaSi, aZlevs rCevas da mwyemsmTavrul SeniSvnas<br />
episkopozebs; k) miwer-mowera aqvs sxva avtokefalur eklesiebTan da<br />
saxelmwifo umaRles dawesebulebebTan.<br />
$10. kaTolikozs yvanan TanamSromlebi: rwmunebuli (samoqalaqo<br />
dawesebulebebTan urTierTobisaTvis), mdivani da sameurneo nawilis gamge.
$11. kaTolikoz-patriarqis da <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta mRvdelTmTavrebis Sesanaxi<br />
xarjebi unda gaRebul iqmnas winandeburad: mRvdelTmTavarTaTvis<br />
samrevloebidan, xolo kaTolikoz-patriarqisaTvis sameurneo gamgeobis<br />
Tanxidan.<br />
SeniSvna: sameurneo gamgeobis Tanxa Sedgeba: kaTolikoz-patriarqis eparqiebis eklesiebisa da zedmiweril mRvdelTa<br />
Semosavlis, da mRvdelTmTavarTa saeparqio Semosavlis gansazRvrul %-dan.<br />
sinodi $12. kaTolikoz-patriarqTan arsebobs saeklesio sinodi, romlis<br />
wevrebad iTvlebian mmarTveli mRvdelTmTavrebi da kaTolikoz-patriarqis<br />
qorepiskopozi.<br />
$13. kaTolikoz-patriarqi, mociqulTa 34 kanonis Tanaxmad, saWiroebis<br />
mixedviT iwvevs kaTolikoz-patriarqis Tanai saeklesio sinods da mimarTavs<br />
samwysos saxelmZRvanelo epistoleebiT.<br />
$14. kaTolikoz-patriarqi uflebamosilia miuboZos mRvdelTmTavarT<br />
sapatio titulebi da jildoebi.<br />
SeniSvna: kaTolikos-patriarqs, mRvdelTmTavrebs da eklesiebis winamZRvrebs aqvT Tqvifarebi da beWdebi saTanado mTavrobis<br />
mier registrirebuli.<br />
$15. sinodis sxdoma kanonieria, Tu mas daeswreba Tavmjdomare da mowveul<br />
wevrTa naxevari.<br />
$16. sinodis wevrT ar aqvT ufleba Tavi Seikavon xmis micemisagan.<br />
$17. Tu romelime wevri moisurvebs kerZo azris Setanas, movalea<br />
gamosTqvas igi sxdomazed da ara ugvianes sami dRisa warudginos werilobiT<br />
sxdomis Tavmjdomares, JurnalSi Sesatanad, an dasarTvelad.<br />
$18. saqmeebis ganxilvis rigs awesebs Tavmjdomare.<br />
$19. sakiTxis aRZvris ufleba aqvs sinodis yvela wevrs, am uflebis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa werilobiTi gancxadebis Setana kaTolikozpatriarqis<br />
an misi mosaydris saSvalebiT, romelic movalea aRniSnuli<br />
gancxadeba gadasces gansaxilvelad sinodis uaxloes krebas.<br />
$20. rodesac sinodSi irCeva saqme sinodis wevris ukanono moqmedebaTa<br />
gamo, dainteresebul pirs neba aqvs darCes darbazSi saqmis moxsenebis dros<br />
da miawodos sinods saWiro ganmarteba, magram, rodesac sinodi Seudgeba<br />
ganCinebis gamotanas, ueWvelad unda dastovos darbazi.<br />
$21. sinodis ganCinebas xels awers yvelaze uwin Tavmjdomare da mas ukan<br />
yvela im sxdomaze damswre wevri, miuxedavad imisa, Tanaxmad iyo igi<br />
gamotanil ganCinebisa Tu ara.<br />
$22. sakaTolikozoSi arsebuli monastrebi xelmZRvaneloben kaTolikozpatriarqis<br />
mier damtkicebul wesdebiT.<br />
saeparqio marTva-gamgeoba $23. episkopozi. <strong>eparqia</strong>Si kaTolikoz-patriarqis<br />
TanaSemwe da sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi cxovrebis xelmZRvaneli aris<br />
episkopozi. fizikurad, zneobrivad da gonebrivad saepiskopozo kandidati<br />
unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1: saepiskopozo kandidatisaTvis berad Sedgoma savaldebulo ar aris. magram igi ar SeiZleba<br />
iyos coliani.<br />
SeniSvna 2: mitropolitebi pativiT episkoposebze maRla dganan; mwyemsTmTavarni pativdebul iqmnebian qirotoniis uxucesobis<br />
mixedviT.<br />
SeniSvna 3. mRvdelTmTavars hyavs mdivani, romelic xazinadrobasac asrulebs.<br />
$24. eparqiis mRvdelTmTavars da qorepiskopozs niSnavs kaTolikozpatriarqi<br />
im pirTagan, romelTa saepiskopozo kandidatura mowonebulia<br />
mRvdelTmTavarTa mier.
$25. episkopozi (mitropoliti) aris sakaTedro taZris winamZRvari. mis<br />
kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) sruli ufleba mTel <strong>eparqia</strong>Si moZRvrebisa; b)<br />
ufleba yovelgvar mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebisa; g) zrunva, raTa mis<br />
<strong>eparqia</strong>Si morwmuneni saR saeklesio swavlebas icavdnen; d) mas aqvs ufleba<br />
axsnas qorwinebis dros zogierTi dabrkolebani, romelnic naTesavur<br />
kavSiridan gamomdinareoben; e) sarwmunoebriv saqmeebSi masze damokidebulni<br />
arian eparqiis yvela wevrebi; v) mis saxels aRavlens wirva-locvis dros<br />
mTeli eparqiis samRvdeloeba; z) episkopozs ufleba aqvs damnaSave mRvdels<br />
mRvdelmoqmedeba aukrZalos, epitemia daados, anu moxsnas, da saWiroebis<br />
mixedviT Tavis eparqiisaTvis gamosces werilobiTi gankargulebani.<br />
episkopozi valdebulia: a) daemorCilos saeklesio kanonebsa da<br />
kaTolikoz-patriarqis mier gamocemul dadgenilebaTa, xolo roca ama Tu im<br />
saeklesio kanonisa an dadgenilebis Sesaxeb gaugebroba rame daebadeba,<br />
gansamarteblad kaTolikoz-patriarqs mihmarTos; b) cxoveli kavSiri iqonios<br />
samwysosTan da am mizniT xSir-xSirad mimoixilos Tavisi <strong>eparqia</strong>; g)<br />
yvelaferSi daemorCilos sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebas; d) sxva<br />
<strong>eparqia</strong>Si Tavisi nebiT ara daiwyos ra; e) pativiscemiT epyrobodes sxva<br />
mRvdelTmTavrebs.<br />
$26. eparqiis eklesiaTa saWiroebaTa dasakmayofileblad sanTliT,<br />
sakmeveliT, SesamoseliT, jvrebiT, gvirgvinakebiT da sxva nivTebiT<br />
mRvdelTmTavars SeuZlian gamoiTxovos saTanado xelisuflebisagan nebarTva<br />
xsenebul nivTebis damamzadebel saxelosnos gaxsnisaTvis.<br />
saolqo mmarTveloba $27. olqs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobiT<br />
ganagebs mTavarxucesi, romelsac niSnavs eparqiis mRvdelTmTavari.<br />
$28. mTavarxucesi: a) zrunavs samrevloebSi saeklesio cxovrebis<br />
mowesrigebisa da warmatebisaTvis; b) qvriv-obol-gaWirvebulTaTvis g) zrunavs<br />
moawesrigos krebulis wevrTa Soris amtydari uTanxmoebani da d) aZlevs<br />
krebulis wevrT Tavisuflebas ara umetes ori kvirisa.<br />
samrevlo $29. samrevlo aris erTis sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi mizniT,<br />
saeklesio meurneobiT, sakuTaris krebulis xelmZRvanelobiT, saerTo taZris<br />
garSemo Semokrebili da episkopozze kanoniurad damokidebuli morwmuneTa<br />
sazogadoeba, romelic gatarebulia registraciaSi saTanado samoqalaqo<br />
xelisuflebis mier, Tanaxmad morwmuneTagan eparqiis mRvdelTmTavris<br />
meSveobiT Setanil gancxadebisa. gancxadebas xels unda awerdnen ara umcires<br />
20 srulwlovan morwmunisa.<br />
$30. registraciaSi gatarebis Semdeg samrevlo Rebulobs saTanado<br />
xelisuflebisagan gansakuTrebul xelSekrulebiT uvado da ufaso<br />
sargeblobisaTvis taZars an samlocvelo Senobas da RvTismsaxurebisaTvis<br />
saWiro sagnebs, da movalea daicvas misdami gadacemuli qoneba<br />
xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad.<br />
$31. samrevlos gaxsna ar SeiZleba, ukeTu morwmuneTa ricxvi imdenad<br />
mcirea, rom sakuTari taZrisa da krebulis Senaxva ar SeuZliaT; Tu<br />
registraciaSi gatarebulma samrevlom da mRvdelmsaxurebma mxvedri<br />
gadasaxadi ar (an ver) Seitanes. samrevlo, ssr kavSiris saxkomsabWosTan<br />
arsebul marTlmadidebel eklesiis sabWos rwmunebulTan SeTanxmebiT,<br />
ixureba da mRvdels ekrZaleba RvTismsaxurebis Sesruleba.
$32 TviTeul samrevlos uWiravs gansazRvruli teritoria, romlis<br />
sazRvrebi SeiZleba Seicvalos sxva samrevloebTan SeTanxmebiT da saTanado<br />
saeklesio da samoqalaqo mTavrobis nebarTviT.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 : qalaqSi samrevloTaTvis teritoriuli principis dacva savaldebulo ar aris.<br />
SeniSvna 2: erTsa da imave samrevloSi SeiZleba iyos zedmiwerili taZari, romelSiac, Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs da<br />
mosaxerxebelic iqmneba, sruldeba yovelgvari RvTismsaxureba.<br />
$33. samrevlos ganagebs saeparqio mTavrobis zedamxedvelobis qveSe<br />
samrevlo sabWo, romelic Sesdgeba krebulis yvela wevrTa da ara umcires<br />
samis wevrisa, romelTac irCevs samrevlo kreba, sami wlis vadiT. samrevlo<br />
sabWos Tavmjdomareobs eklesiis winamZRvari, xolo roca igi ar aris, maSin<br />
sabWo TviTon irCevs Tavmjdomares Tvis Soris. sabWos sxdomebi imarTeba<br />
TveSi erTxel, xolo, Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs, ufro xSiradac. saqmeebi<br />
swydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT, xolo, roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is<br />
azri upitaresobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . Tu samrevlo krebisa da sabWos ganCineba eklesiis winamZRvars miaCnia eklesiis<br />
sazianod, mas SeuZlia ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvanis SeCereba da misi adgilobriv mRvdelmTavarTan gansaCivreba, - amis Sesaxeb<br />
Tavis azri winamZRvarma unda gamosTqvas krebazedve.<br />
SeniSvna 2. sabWos wevrad irCeva rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.<br />
SeniSvna 3. sabWos wevrad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnas samRvdelo xarisxiTgan gandgomili, an gankveTili.<br />
$34. samrevlo sabWos kompetencia aris: a) eklesiis qonebis marTva-gamgeoba;<br />
b) misdami gacemul qonebis movla-patronoba da samoqalaqo mTavrobis winaSe<br />
pasuxismgebloba; g) miReba keTilmneblobiTi Sewirulebisa da misi<br />
daniSnulebisamebr moxmareba; d) zrunva eklesiisa da krebulis Sesanax<br />
saSualebaTa gasaZliereblad; e) zrunva taZrisa da RvTismsaxurebis<br />
keTilmowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva qvriv-obolTa da gaWirvebulTaTvis<br />
qvelmoqmedebis wesiT; z) aRZvra saqmisa im pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelnic<br />
eklesiasa da mis qonebas zians miayeneben; <strong>eparqia</strong>luri mTavrobis mier<br />
gamoZiebis moxdenis Semdeg damnaSave, mRvdelTmTavris ssr kavSiris<br />
saxkomsabWosTan arsebul marTl-madidebel eklesiis sabWos rwmunebulTan<br />
SeTanxmebiT, moixsneba adgilidan da mis magier arCeul iqneba sxva piri; h)<br />
winaswari damuSaveba im sakiTxebisa, romelic samrevlo krebam unda<br />
ganixilos; T) samrevlo qonebisa da Tanxebis yovelTviuri Semowmeba; i)<br />
Tavisi moqmedebis wliuri angariSis Sedgena mTavarxucesisa da samrevlo<br />
krebisaTvis warsadgenad; ia) igi avalebs erT-erT wevrs sameurneo nawilis<br />
gamgeobas, xolo erT-erT wevrs – xazindarobas da ib) sabWos davalebiT<br />
krebulis wevrs SeuZlia orive Tanamdebobis asruleba.<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . : sameurneo nawilis gamged da xazinadrad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes qalic.<br />
SeniSvna 2: samrevlo krebis mier sami kacisagan arCeul sarevizio komisias evaleba kvartalSi erTxel gaukeTos revizia<br />
samrevlo qonebas.<br />
$35. krebuli. krebulis aucilebel wevrad iTvlebian: mRvdeli da<br />
wignismkiTxveli, xolo, sadac SesaZlebelia - samrevlos diakonic (mTavari).<br />
S e n i S v n a 1 . diakoni da wignis-mkiTxveli arian mxolod Tanamsaxurni mRvdlisa da uimisod araviTari<br />
mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesruleba ar SeuZlianT.<br />
$36. eklesiis krebulis wevrs mRvdels, diakons da wignis mkiTxvels<br />
niSnavs eparqiis mRvdelTmTavari.<br />
$37. mRvdeli. mRvdeli valdebulia: a) mudam Tavis samrevloSi scxovrobdes<br />
da samrevlo ar dastovos, gansakuTrebiT roca iq raime moaruli seni<br />
gaCndeba da roca samrevlos gansacdeli ram moelis; b) gansakuTrebul<br />
Tvalyurs adevnebdes sakuTars yofaqcevas, rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise Tavis
saxlSi; g) aasrulos sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxureba dawesebul dros,<br />
sofelSi ki iseT saaTebSi, romelic ar SeuSlis xels sasoflo sameurneo<br />
muSaobaTa warmoebas; d) mrevlis moTxovnilebisamebr aasrulos saWiro<br />
mRvdelmoqmedeba; e) Tvalyuri adevnos mrevlSi saeklesio disciplinisa da<br />
zneobis dacvas; v) roca samsaxuris dros ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb eWvi<br />
daebadeba, movalea axsna-ganmartebisaTvis mTavarxucess da saeparqio<br />
mTavrobas mimarTos; z) mis upirveles movaleobas Seadgens eklesiaSi<br />
qadageba da sazogadod swavla-moZRvreba; h) mRvdeli movalea krebulis sxva<br />
wevrTa saSualebiT saeklesio sabuTebi awarmovos.<br />
$38. samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidatebs unda hqondesT sakmao sazogado<br />
ganviTareba, icoden saeklesio tibikoni da kiTxva-galoba, rac windawinve<br />
unda iqmnes Semowmebuli saeparqio mTavrobis mier.<br />
SeniSvna 1: mRvdels neba aqvs Seasrulos RvTis msaxurebis dros diakonis samsaxuri diakonisave SesamoselSi, xolo<br />
ipodiakons neba eZleva kvereqsis warmoTqmisa.<br />
SeniSvna 2: wignismkviTxvelad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes qalic.<br />
saeklesio samarTali $39. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis samarTals eqvemdebareba<br />
ama eklesiis yvela wevri iseT saqmeebSi saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa,<br />
zneobriv cxovrebisa, saeklesio wyobilebisa da saeklesio samsaxuris<br />
winaaRmdeg, romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia gansazRvruli<br />
sasjeli anu zomebi zRvevisa da gasworebisa; mRvdelmoqmedebis aRkveTa,<br />
samsaxuridan gadayeneba, eklesiis wevrobidan garicxva, saeklesio epitimiis<br />
dadeba morwmuneebze da samRvdelo pirebze; jvris weris gauqmebis saqme.<br />
$49. kaTolikozi asrulebs uzenaes sasuliero sasamarTlo funqciebs<br />
sakrebaTaSoriso periodSi. yovelive danaSauloba eklesiur-sarwmunoebriv<br />
TvalsazrisiT, romelic Seexeba morwmuneTa da samRvdelo pirTa,<br />
eqvemdebareba mas.<br />
$51. mRvdelTmTavarTa Sesaxeb saCivrebs ixilavs da maT Sesaxeb sabolovo<br />
msjavri gamoaqvs kaTolikozisTanai saeklesio sinods. mRvdelTmTavarTa ara<br />
kanonier moqmedebaTa gamo TviT kaTolikozisTanai sinodsac aqvs ufleba<br />
saqmis aRZvrisa.<br />
gadmobeWdilia wignidan - `debuleba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTvagamgeobisaTvis~,<br />
1945 w.<br />
15. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis XIII gafarToebuli krebis mier miRebuli `debuleba~<br />
(18-19 seqtemberi, 1995)<br />
1995 wlis 18-19 seqtembers sveticxovlis taZarSi Sedga <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis gafarToebuli kreba.<br />
krebam 19 seqtembers ganixila da daamtkica debulebis proeqti. wina dRiT<br />
kreba gaxsna da Sesavali sityva warmoTqva sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikospatriarqma,<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m. <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta mmarTvelma<br />
mRvdelmTavrebma krebas movaxseneT <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, dRis<br />
wesrigi ganisazRvra ramdenime sakiTxiT, romelnic Seexebodnen sasuliero
ganaTlebis mdgomareobas da misi gaumjobesebis gzebs, <strong>sapatriarqos</strong><br />
misionerul programas, axali wmidanebis kanonizirebas. krebam Tavisi<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miapyro momaval RvTismsaxurTa ganaTlebis<br />
sakiTxsa da axali debulebis SemoRebis saWiroebas. debulebis proeqti<br />
krebaze warmoadgina Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis proreqtorma mRvdelma b.<br />
kobaxiZem. krebam wmidanTa dasSi Seracxa wmida patriarqi aRmsarebeli<br />
ambrosi xelaia, wmida mowameni mitropoliti nazari krebuliTurT (mRvdlebi<br />
germane jajaniZe, ieroTeoz nikolaZe, simon mWedliZe, diakoni besarion<br />
kuxianiZe), wmida mRvdelmTavrebi gabriel qiqoZe, aleqsandre oqropiriZe,<br />
wmida mRvdelmowame grigol feraZe, Rirsi mama aleqsi SuSania.<br />
krebam gazarda <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta ricxvi 15 nacvlad Seiqmna 27 <strong>eparqia</strong>. eklesiis<br />
mowyobis safuZvlad gamocxadebulia wmida werili da saRmrTo gadmocema,<br />
wmida mociqulTa, msoflio, adgilobriv da wmida mamaTa kanonebi da<br />
wesdebebi. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis adgilobriv krebaTa dadgenilebani (krebis<br />
mier gamocemuli debuleba), <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> konstitucia da Sesabamisi kanonebi.<br />
saeklesio xelisuflebisa da mmarTvelobis umaRles organod<br />
gamocxadebulia `adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba – <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodi, xolo krebebs Soris periodSi umaRlesi saeklesio xelisufali da<br />
mmarTveli aris sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi~. wmida sinodis<br />
erT-erT movaleobas II Tavis 20-e muxlis Tanaxmad, warmoadgens `saeklesio<br />
kanonebis krebulis~ gamocema. am mxriv qvemdebare naSromi warmoadgens am<br />
muxlis aRsasruleblad ASesrulebul samuSaos.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis<br />
debuleba<br />
(miRebulia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gafarToebuli<br />
adgilobrivi krebis mier 1995 wlis 18-19 seqtembers, mcxeTa, sveticxoveli)<br />
Tavi I. zogadi debulebani $1. saqarTvelis sapatriarqo - <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia aris mravalerovani adgilobrivi avtokefaluri<br />
(damoukidebeli) marTlmadidebeli eklesia, romlis did umravlesobas<br />
qarTveli mosaxleoba Seadgens. igi imyofeba dogmatur-sarwmunoebrivliturgikul<br />
erTianobasa da locviT-kanonikur urTierTobaSi yvela sxva<br />
adgilobriv avtokefalur marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan.<br />
$2. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> adgilobirivi avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
(Semdgom - <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis) iurisdiqciaSi Sedian:<br />
1. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yvela marTlmadidebeli qristiani.<br />
2. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sazRvrebs gareT mcxovrebi is marTlmadidebeli<br />
qarTvelebi, romlebzedac ar vrceldeba sxva adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis iurisdiqcia.<br />
3. somxeTis respublikaSi mcxovrebi marTlmadidebeli qristianebi.<br />
4. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sazRvrebs gareT mcxovrebi is marTlmadidebeli<br />
qristianebi, romlebic ar Sedian sxva adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiebis iurisdiqciaSi da aqvT survili iyvnen <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtokefaluri<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.<br />
$3. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia iyofa eparqiebad, samTavarxucesoebad da<br />
samrevloebad.
$4. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi Sedis 27 (ocdaSvidi) <strong>eparqia</strong> maTSi Semavali<br />
qalaqebiTa da raionebiT:<br />
1. mcxeTa-Tbilisis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. Tbilisi Tavis raionebiT, q. mcxeTa, mcxeTisa da<br />
gardabnis raionebi. sof. wilknis, muxranisa da saguramos gamoklebiT.<br />
kaTedra da rezidencia mcxeTasa da TbilisSi;<br />
2. alaverdis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. Telavi, q. axmeta, Telavisa da axmetis raionebi.<br />
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi abba alaverdeli~. kaTedra alaverdSi,<br />
rezidencia TelavSi.<br />
3. axalcixis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. axalcixe, axalcixis, aspinZisa da adigenis raionebi.<br />
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi axalcixeli~. kaTedra da rezidencia<br />
axalcixesa da safaraSi;<br />
4. baTumisa da sxalTis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. baTumi, q. qobuleTi, qobuleTis, xelvaCauris,<br />
qedas, Suaxevis da xulos raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkopozi<br />
baTumisa da sxalTisa~. kaTedra baTumsa da sxalTaSi, rezidencia baTumsa da<br />
qobuleTSi;<br />
5. bodbis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. siRnaRi, siRnaRisa da dedofliswyaros raionebi.<br />
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi bodbeli~. kaTedra bodbeSi, rezidencia<br />
bodbesa da siRnaRSi.<br />
6. bolnisisa da dmanisis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q.bolnisi, q. dmanisi, bolnisisa da dmanisis<br />
raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi bolnisisa da dmanisisa~.<br />
kaTedra da rezidencia bolnissa da dmanisSi;<br />
7. borjomisa da axalqalaqis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. borjomi, q. axalqalaqi, borjomisa,<br />
axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi<br />
borjomisa da axalqalaqisa~. kaTedra borjomSi, rezidencia borjomSi,<br />
axalqalaqsa da ninowmindaSi;<br />
8. vanisa da baRdaTis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. vani, vanisa da baRdaTis raionebi. mRvdelmTavris<br />
wodeba: `episkoposi vanisa da baRdaTisa~. kaTedra baRdaTSi, rezidencia vansa<br />
da baRdaTSi;<br />
9. zugdidisa da caiSis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. zugdidi, q. walenjixa, zugdidisa da<br />
walenjixis raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi zugdidisa da<br />
caiSisa~. kaTedra zudgidsa da caiSSi, rezidencia zugdidsa da walenjixaSi.<br />
10. <strong>manglis</strong>isa da <strong>walkis</strong> <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. TeTriwyaro, q. walka, TeTriwyarosa da <strong>walkis</strong><br />
raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi <strong>manglis</strong>isa da <strong>walkis</strong>a~, kaTedra<br />
da rezidencia <strong>manglis</strong>sa da walkaSi;<br />
11. margveTis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. zestafoni, q. Terjola, zestafonis, Terjolisa da<br />
xaragaulis raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi margveli~. kaTedra<br />
zestafonSi, rezidencia zestafonSi, Terjolasa da xaragaulSi;<br />
12. nekresis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. yvareli, q. lagodexi, yvarelisa da lagodexis raionebi,<br />
masSi aseve Sedian saingilos eklesiebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi<br />
nekreseli~. kaTedra nekressa da yvarelSi, rezidencia yvarelsa da<br />
lagodexSi;<br />
13. nikorwmindis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. ambrolauri, q. oni, ambrolaurisa da onis raionebi.<br />
mRvdelmTavris wodeba `episkoposi nikorwmindeli~. kaTedra nikorwmindaSi,<br />
rezidnecia ambrolaursa da onSi;<br />
14. niqozisa da cxinvalis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q.cxinvali, cxinvalisa da axalgoris, javisa da<br />
znauris raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi niqozisa da<br />
cxinvalisa~. kaTedra da rezidencia niqozsa da cxinvalSi;
15. rusTavis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. rusTavi, q. marneuli, marneulis raioni. mRvdelmTavris<br />
wodeba: `episkoposi rusTavisa~. kaTedra rusTavSi, rezidencia rusTavsa da<br />
marneulSi;<br />
16. samTavisisa da goris <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. gori, q. kaspi, gorisa da kaspis raionebi.<br />
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi samTavisisa da gorisa~. kaTedra da<br />
rezidencia samTavissa da gorSi;<br />
17. sagarejosa da gurjaanis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. sagarejo, q. gurjaani, sagarejosa da gurjaanis<br />
raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi sagarejosa da gurjaanisa~.<br />
kaTedra sagarejosa da gurjaanSi, rezidencia gurjaansa da ninowmindaSi.<br />
18. urbnisisa da ruisis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. xaSuri, q. qareli, xaSurisa da qarelis raionebi.<br />
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi urbnisisa da ruisisa~. kaTedra urbnisSi,<br />
ruissa da xaSurSi, rezidencia xaSurSi;<br />
19 foTis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. foTi, q. xobi, q. senaki, foTis, xobisa da senakis raionebi.<br />
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi foTisa~. kaTedra foTSi, rezidencia<br />
foTSi, xobsa da senakSi;<br />
20 quTais-gaenaTis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. quTaisi, wyaltubosa da tyibulis raionebi.<br />
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi quTaTel-gaenaTeli~. kaTedra da<br />
rezidencia quTaissa da gelaTSi.<br />
21. Semoqmedis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. ozugeTi, q. lanCxuTi, ozurgeTis, lanCxuTisa da<br />
Coxatauris raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi Semoqmedeli~<br />
kaTedra Semoqmedsa da ozurgeTSi, rezidencia ozurgeTSi, lanCxuTsa da<br />
CoxataurSi;<br />
22. cagerisa da svaneTis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. cageri, cageris, mestiis da lentexis raionebi.<br />
mRvdelTmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi cagerisa da svaneTisa~. kaTedra cagersa<br />
da mestiaSi, rezidencia cagerSi, mestiasa da lentexSi;<br />
23. cxum-afxazeTis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. soxumi, q. oCamCire, q. gali, q. gudauTa, q. gagra,<br />
soxumis, gulrifSis, galis, oCamCiris, gagrisa da gudauTis raionebi.<br />
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi cxum-afxazeTis~. kaTedra soxumSi da axal<br />
aTonze, rezidencia soxumSi, gudauTasa da gagraSi;<br />
24 wilknis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. duSeTi, sof. wilkani, muxrani da saguramo, duSeTis,<br />
yazbegisa da TianeTis raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi<br />
wilkneli~. kaTedra wilkanSi, rezidencia wilkanSi, duSeTsa da TianeTSi;<br />
25. WiaTuris <strong>eparqia</strong> - WiaTuris da saCxeris raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba:<br />
`episkoposi WiaTurisa~. kaTedra WiaTuraSi, rezidencia WiaTurasa da<br />
saCxereSi;<br />
26. Wyondidis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. abaSa, q.martvili, abaSis, martvilisa da Cxorowyus<br />
raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi Wyondideli~. kaTedra<br />
martvilSi, rezidencia martvilSi, abaSisa da CxorowyuSi;<br />
27. xonis <strong>eparqia</strong> - q. samtredia, q. xoni, samtrediis da xonis raionebi.<br />
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi xoneli~. kaTedra xonSi, rezidencia xonsa<br />
da samtrediaSi.<br />
$5. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia Tavis moRvaweobas axorcielebs Semdeg<br />
safuZvelze:<br />
1. wmida werili da saRmrTo gadmocema;<br />
2. wmidaTa mociqulTa, wmidaTa msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa da<br />
wmidaTa mamaTa kanonebi da wesdebebi;<br />
3. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis adgilobriv krebaTa dadgenilebani;
4. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTvagamgeobis<br />
debuleba, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> konstitucia da Sesabamisi kanonebi.<br />
$6. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosagan, damoukidebelia<br />
da axorcielebs masTan urTierTobas saeklesio kanonebis, saxelmwifo<br />
konstituciisa da Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze.<br />
$7. saeklesio xelisuflebisa da mmarTvelobis umaRles organos<br />
warmoadgens <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba –<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinodi, xolo krebebs Soris periodSi umaRlesi<br />
saeklesio xelisufali da mmarTveli aris sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikospatriarqi.<br />
SeniSvna: `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinodi~ aris <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis meore<br />
oficialuri dasaxeleba.<br />
$8. saeklesio sasamarTlos ufleba aqvT: <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
adgilobriv saeklesio krebas - <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinods, sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqs da eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars.<br />
$9. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqo, misi ganyofilebebi, dawesebulebebi,<br />
eparqiebi, samrevloebi, monastrebi, sasuliero saswavleblebi da<br />
sazRvargareT arsebuli samrevloebi da dawesebulebebi sargebloben<br />
iuridiuli piris uflebiT.<br />
Tavi II. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
saeklesio kreba - <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinodi $1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiaSi umaRlesi xelisufleba moZRvrebis, saeklesio mmarTvelobisa da<br />
saeklesio sasamarTlos sferoebSi, anu - sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da<br />
sasamarTlo xelisufleba ekuTvnis <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis saeklesio krebas -<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinods.<br />
$2. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinods iwvevs sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi (an misi mosaydre) saWiroebis mixedviT,<br />
weliwadSi aranakleb orjer da Tavmjdomareobs mas.<br />
$3. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi arian <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis <strong>eparqia</strong>Ta mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi da sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposebi.<br />
$4. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinodi:<br />
1. ganmartavs wmida werilisa da wmida gardamocemis safuZvelze<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebas. zrunavs sxva adgilobriv avtokefalur<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan dogmatur-sarwmunoebrivsa da kanonikur<br />
erTianobaze.<br />
2. ixilavs da wyvets kanonikur, saRvTismsaxuro, samoZRvro da sxva<br />
sakiTxebs, romlebic exebian eklesiis saSinao da sagareo moRvaweobas.<br />
3. uzrunvelyofs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis erTianobas. icavs<br />
marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis siwmindesa da qristianul zneobas.<br />
4. adgens axal wmindanTa aRiarebas (kanonzomierebas) da Sesabamis<br />
RvTismsaxurebas.<br />
5. zrunavs eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris samarTlebriv urTierTobebze,<br />
eklesiis kanonebis, saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebis, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis,<br />
saxelmwifos konstituciisa da kanonebis Sesabamisad.
6. iRebs principul gadawyvetilebebs sxva avtokefalur marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiebTan urTierTobis Sesaxeb.<br />
7. Sesabamisi saSualebebiT gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas<br />
saxelmwifoSi da mTel msoflioSi momxdari movlenebisa da wamoWrili<br />
problemebis Sesaxeb.<br />
8. qmnis an auqmebs eparqiebs, cvlis maT teritoriul sazRvrebsa da<br />
saxelwodebebs.<br />
9. irCevs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebs da axdens maT<br />
xeldasxmas.<br />
10. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, kaTolikos-patriarqis winadadebiT, gadahyavs<br />
mRvdelmTavrebi erTi eparqiidan meoreSi.<br />
11. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi iRebs gadawyvetilebas mmarTveli<br />
mRvdelmTavrebis pensiaSi gasvlis Sesaxeb.<br />
12. ismens mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis moxsenebebs eparqiis mdgomareobis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
13. adgens proceduras yvela saeklesio sasamarTlosaTvis.<br />
14. ganawesebs saeklesio jildoebs.<br />
15. amtkicebs, cvlis, auqmebs da ganmartavs Tavis dadgenilebas, romlebic<br />
Seexebian saeklesio cxovrebas.<br />
16. sxvadasxva sakiTxis Sesaswavlad qmnis specialur komisiebs.<br />
wm. sinodi zrunavs:<br />
17. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis saSinao da sagareo moRvaweobis mniSvnelovani<br />
saRvTismetyvelo problemebis gadaWrisaTvis.<br />
18. wm. werilis teqstis dacvisa, Targmnisa da gamocemisaTvis.<br />
19. saRvTismsaxuro wignebis teqstebis dacvis, gasworebisa da<br />
gamocemisaTvis.<br />
20. saeklesio kanonebis krebulis, sasuliero da saero saswavleblebis<br />
Sesabamisi saxelmZRvaneloebis, saRvTismetyvelo literaturisa da periodikis<br />
gamocemisaTvis.<br />
21. sasuliero ganaTlebis srulyofisaTvis.<br />
22. sasuliero pirTa da eklesiis saero TanamSromelTa pensiiT<br />
uzrunvelyofisaTvis.<br />
23. saeklesio saganZuris aRricxvis, dacvisa da SevsebisaTvis.<br />
$5. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinodis Tavmjdomare aris sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi an mis mier daniSnuli sapatriarqo taxtis<br />
mosaydre.<br />
$6. wmida marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonebis Tanaxmad, is saeklesio<br />
kreba, romelic ar aris mowveuli kaTolikos-patriarqis an mosaydris mier,<br />
ukanonoa.<br />
$7. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. sinodi aris pirveli da ukanaskneli<br />
instancia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi, romelic uflebamosilia gaasamarTlos<br />
mRvdelmTavari, ganixilos misi moRvaweobis dogmaturi da kanonikuri<br />
cdomileba.<br />
$8. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis saeklesio kreba aris pirveli da ukanaskneli<br />
instancia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiaSi, romelic sasamarTlo wesiT ganixilavs<br />
konfliqtebs mRvdelmTavrebs Soris.<br />
SeniSvna: yovelgvari saCivris gareSe <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis saeklesio kreba uflebamosilia pasuxi agebinos im mRvdelmTavars,<br />
romelic cxadad arRvevs saeklesio kanonebsa da wesdebebs.
$9. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. sinodi aris ukanaskneli instancia im<br />
sasuliero da saero pirebisaTvis, romlebsac eparqiis mmarTvelma<br />
mRvdelmTavarma miusaja mRvdelmsaxurebis akrZalva, samRvdelo xarisxidan<br />
gankveTa, sikvdilamde uziarebloba an eklesiidan gankveTa (anaTema); agreTve<br />
im sasuliero da saero pirebisaTvis, romlebsac aqvT sakmarisi safuZveli<br />
TavianTi eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris ganaCenis gasaCivrebisaTvis.<br />
$10. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. sinodze gadawyvetilebis miReba xdeba<br />
xmebis umravlesobiT. xmebis Tanabrad gayofis SemTxvevaSi miRebuli iqneba is<br />
gadawyvetileba, romlebsac emxroba krebis Tavmjdomare _ sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi (an mosaydre).<br />
$11. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. sinodi amtkicebs Tavisi sxdomebis Catarebis<br />
dRis wesrigs, programasa da reglaments.<br />
$12. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. sinodze daswreba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
mRvdelmTavrebis kanonikuri valdebulebaa. mRvdelmTavars SeuZlia ar<br />
daeswros wm. sinodis sxdomas avadmyofobis an sxva iseTi mniSvnelovani<br />
mizezis gamo, romelsac wm. sinodi sapatiod cnobs. Tu mRvdelmTavari<br />
arasapatio mizezis gamo ar gamocxaddeba wm. sinodze, maSin es eqvemdebareba<br />
mTeli krebisagan Zmur Segonebas an mRvdelmoqmedebisagan droebiT ganyenebas.<br />
$13. Tu mRvdelmTavari mniSvnelovani mizezis gamo ver daeswreba wm.<br />
sinodis sxdomas, maSin is valdebulia wm. sinods werilobiT moaxsenos<br />
Tavisi Sexeduleba gansaxilvel sakiTxebze.<br />
$14. wm. sinodis arc erT wevrs ar SeuZlia xmis micemisagan Tavis Sekaveba.<br />
Tu mRvdelmTavari ar eTanxmeba miRebul dadgenilebas, man es imave sxdomaze<br />
unda ganacxados, xolo sxdomidan sami (3) dRis ganmavlobaSi werilobiT<br />
unda waradginos Tavisi mosazreba, romelic daerTveba saeklesio krebis<br />
oqmebs.<br />
$15. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. sinodis dadgenilebebi savaldebuloa<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis yoveli wevrisaTvis.<br />
$16. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. sinodis dadgenilebebs pirvelad xels<br />
awers krebis Tavmjdomare - sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi (an<br />
mosaydre), Semdeg krebis wevrebi upiratesobis mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa,<br />
eTanxmebian Tu ara ganxilul sakiTxebze miRebul gadawyvetilebas.<br />
$17. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wm. sinodis dadgenilebebi<br />
ZalaSi Sedian miRebisTanave, Tu dadgenileba ar iTvaliswinebs sxva vadebs.<br />
$18. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wm. sinodis sxdomis mowvevis<br />
adgils irCevs sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi (an mosaydre).<br />
Tavi III. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis gafarToebuli kreba $1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis gafarToebul saeklesio krebas iwvevs sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi an sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydre.<br />
$2. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis gafarToebuli krebis mowveva xdeba mxolod or<br />
SemTxvevaSi:<br />
1. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevisas.<br />
2. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis axali debulebis damtkicebisas.<br />
$3. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis gafarToebuli krebis SemadgenlobaSi Sedian:<br />
a) wm. sinodis yvela wevri.
) yoveli eparqiidan mowveuli ori sasuliero da erTi saero piri,<br />
TiToeuli monastridan, aseve sasuliero akademiebidan da seminariebidan<br />
warmodgenili 2-2 delegati, gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiidan - 4 delegati<br />
da mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiidan imdenive warmomadgeneli, ramdenic iqneba<br />
mowveuli yvela danarCeni eparqiidan.<br />
$4. msoflio saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis Tanaxmad, mRvdelmTavarni<br />
gafarToebul saeklesio krebaze monawileoben xmis uflebiT, xolo<br />
samRvdelo da samonazvno dasi, aseve saeroni monawileoben saTaTbiro xmis<br />
uflebiT.<br />
$5. saqarTvelo eklesiis gafarToebul krebaze sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis brZanebiT SeiZleba mowveulni iyvnen mecniereqspertebi.<br />
Tavi IV. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi $1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli aris sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi da<br />
mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi.<br />
$2. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqobis kandidati unda<br />
akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs:<br />
- erovnebiT unda iyos qarTveli,<br />
- unda iyos <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mRvdelmTavari,<br />
- unda hqondes saRvTismetyvelo ganaTleba da saeklesio mmarTvelobis<br />
sakmarisi gamocdileba,<br />
- asakiT unda iyos aranakleb ormoci wlisa da araumetes samocdaaTi<br />
wlisa,<br />
- unda iyos beri.<br />
$3. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqs irCevs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis gafarToebuli kreba.<br />
$4. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi gardacvalebis,<br />
gadadgomis an sxva iseTi mizezis gamo, romelic SeuZlebels xdis<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqisaTvis Tavis movaleobis Sesrulebas, kaTolikospatriarqis<br />
mier dadgenili sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydre marTavs eklesias<br />
axali kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevamde.<br />
$5. im SemTxvevaSi, roca sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydre dadgenili ar aris,<br />
qirotoniiT upiratesi mRvdelmTavari avtomaturad xdeba mosaydre.<br />
$6. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg<br />
qirotoniiT upiratesi mRvdelmTavari wm. sinodis wevrTa umravlesobis<br />
TandaswrebiT xsnis kaTolikos-patriarqis mier datovebul anderZs da<br />
acxadebs sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydris vinaobas.<br />
$7. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikoz-patriarqis anderZiT dadgenili<br />
sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydrisadmi kanonikuri morCileba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis yoveli wevris movaleobaa.<br />
$8. sapatriarqo taxtis daqvrivebidan 40 dRis Semdeg, magram ara ugvianes<br />
ori Tvisa, sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydre iwvevs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
gafarToebul krebas, romelzedac moxdeba sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikospatriarqis<br />
arCeva.<br />
$9. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis gafarToebuli krebis win mosaydre iwvevs wm.<br />
sinods, sapatriarqo kandidatebis SesarCevad.<br />
$10. wm. sinodi irCevs gafarToebul krebaze warsadgen 3 kandidats.
$11. wm. sinodis yvela wevrs aqvs ufleba warmoadginos erTi sapatriarqo<br />
kandidati, maT Soris Tavisi Tavic.<br />
$12. sami sapatriarqo kandidati, romlebic miiReben xmaTa umravlesobas,<br />
kenWs iyrian gafarToebul krebaze, rogorc patriarqobis kandidatebi.<br />
$13. gafarToebuli krebis yvela monawiles aqvs ufleba gamoTqvas azri<br />
kandidatis Sesaxeb.<br />
$14. kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis kenWisyraSi monawileobas iReben<br />
mxolod mRvdelmTavrebi.<br />
$15. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqad arCeulad CaiTvleba is<br />
kandidati, romelic miiRebs krebis monawile mRvdelmTavarTa xmebis<br />
naxevarze mets.<br />
$16. Tu verc erTi kandidati ver miiRebs xmaTa naxevarze mets, tardeba<br />
xelmeore kenWisyra, romelSic monawileobas miiRebs is ori kandidati,<br />
romelic pirvel kenWisyraSi miiRebs xmaTa umravlesobas.<br />
$17. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydreba<br />
(intronizacia) xdeba mcxeTis sveticxovlis wm. aTormet mociqulTa<br />
saxelobis sapatriarqo taZarSi.<br />
$18. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis arCeva,<br />
marTlmadidebluri tradiciis Tanaxmad, xdeba samudamod (kaTolikospatriarqis<br />
gardacvalebamde).<br />
$19. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis sruli titulia:<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi da<br />
mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi didi meufe, mamai Cveni...<br />
$20. yvela sasuliero piri movalea RvTismsaxurebis dros moixsenos<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis saxeli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
iurisdiqciaSi Semaval yvela taZarSi, rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve mis<br />
sazRvrebs gareT, Semdegi formuliT: `uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi didi<br />
meufe, mamai Cveni (saxeli)~.<br />
$21. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis pativis niSnebia:<br />
Zowisferi mantia, Savi sapatriarqo kunkul-bartyuli jvriTa da frTebze<br />
gamosaxuli serafimebiT, ori panaRia da jvari, didi paramani da jvris win<br />
gaZRolis ufleba.<br />
$22. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>-kaTolikos patriarqs aqvs Tavisi tvifri da<br />
beWedi.<br />
$23. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi aris mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />
eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.<br />
$24. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis uSualo iurisdiqciaSi<br />
imyofebian rogorc Tbilisis sionis, mcxeTis sveticxovlis, gelaTis, moqvis<br />
da gonios sakaTedro taZrebi, aseve yvela stavropigialuri monasteri.<br />
$25. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi iwvevs da Tavmjdomareobs<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> wm. sinods da gafarToebul krebas.<br />
$26. krebaTa Soris periodSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis umaRlesi saeklesio<br />
xelisufali da mmarTveli aris sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi.<br />
$27. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi Tavis moRvaweobas<br />
axorcielebs Semdeg safuZvlebze:<br />
1. wmida werili da saRmrTo gadmocema;
2. wmidaTa mociqulTa, wmidaTa msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa da wmida<br />
mamaTa kanonebi da wesdebebi;<br />
3. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis adgilobriv krebaTa dadgenilebebi;<br />
4. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTvagamgeobis<br />
debuleba, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> konstitucia da Sesabamisi kanonebi.<br />
$28. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi axorcielebs pirveli<br />
instanciis sasamarTlos funqciebs mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiis<br />
marTlmadidebeli qristianebisaTvis, xolo meore instanciis sasamarTlos<br />
funqciebs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis danarCeni eparqiebis marTlmadidebeli<br />
qristianebisaTvis, romelTac sakmarisi safuZveli aqvT gaasaCivron TavianTi<br />
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris ganaCeni.<br />
$29. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi uflebamosilia<br />
mamamTavruli SeniSvna misces an saeklesio sasjeli Seufardos <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Semaval samRvdeloebas, ber-monozvnebsa da<br />
eriskacebs da Seatyobinos amis Sesaxeb eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars.<br />
$30. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi:<br />
1. zrunavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saeklesio<br />
dadgenilebebis ganxorcielebisaTvis.<br />
2. zrunavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ierarqiis<br />
erTianobaze.<br />
3. xels awers <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinodis dadgenilebebsa da<br />
sxva saerTo-saeklesio dokumentebs.<br />
4. urTierTobas amyarebs sxva avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
saWeTmpyrobelebTan, agreTve sxva aRmsareblobis xelmZRvanelobasTan,<br />
rogorc <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtokefaluri eklesiis saxeliT, aseve Tavisi piradi<br />
saxeliTac.<br />
5. aris <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sruluflebiani<br />
warmomadgeneli saxelmwifos xelisuflebis winaSe.<br />
6. axorcielebs umaRles zedamxedvelobasa da kontrols yvela saeklesio<br />
saqmeze.<br />
7. zrunavs Tavisufal samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebze, maT Sevsebaze.<br />
8. zedamxedvelobs da xelmZRvanelobs axali mRvdelmTavris arCevas. sxva<br />
mRvdelmTavarTan erTad axdens axali mRvdelmTavris xeldasxmas. aZlevs mas<br />
`dadginebis sigels~.<br />
9. zedamxedvelobas uwevs mRvdelmTavrebs saeparqio marTva-gamgeobaSi.<br />
mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Semaval<br />
eparqiebs.<br />
10. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi avalebs mRvdelmTavrebs, sxva kanonebiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli mizezebis gamo, Tavisufali eparqiis droebiT<br />
mmarTvelobas.<br />
11. aZlevs mRvdelmTavrebs Zmur rCevebsa da mwyemsmTavrul SeniSvnebs,<br />
rogorc maTi piradi cxovrebis, aseve samRvdelmTavro movaleobis<br />
Sesrulebis Sesaxeb. maTi mxridan uyuradRebobis SemTxvevaSi mimarTavs<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinods.<br />
12. iRebs gansaxilvelad saqmeebs mRvdelmTavrebs Soris warmoSobili<br />
gaugebrobebis Sesaxeb. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
gadawyvetileba orive mxarisaTvis savaldebuloa.<br />
13. iRebs saCivrebs mRvdelmTavrebze da aZlevs maT kanonier msvlelobas.
14. nebarTvas aZlevs mRvdelmTavrebs samsaxurebrivi saqmeebis gamo<br />
sazRvargareT gamgzavrebaze.<br />
15. amtkicebs eparqiebis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis yvela zogadsaeklesio<br />
mniSvnelobis gadawyvetilebas.<br />
16. aRyavs mRvdelmTavrebi dadgenil saeklesio wodebebSi da aZlevs maT<br />
saeklesio jildoebs.<br />
17. ganixilavs mRvdelmTavarTa angariSgebas eparqiis mdgomareobis<br />
Sesaxeb, aZlevs maT Sefasebas da iRebs saWiro zomebs.<br />
18. niSnavs revizias sxvadasxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo.<br />
19 aqvs stavropigiebis daarsebis ufleba.<br />
20. amtkicebs, xolo gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi TviTon niSnavs<br />
monastrebis winamZRvrebs.<br />
21. zrunavs marTlmadidebeli RvTismetyvelebis gavrcelebisaTvis,<br />
zedamxedvelobs da xelmZRvanelobs qristianul swavla-ganaTlebas.<br />
22. niSnavs da amtkicebs sasuliero saswavleblebis reqtorebsa da<br />
proreqtorebs. amtkicebs samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo wodebebisa da<br />
xarisxebis miniWebas, zedamxedvelobas uwevs saswavlo komitets.<br />
23. zedamxedvelobs da xelmZRvanelobs qristianul ganaTlebas saero<br />
saswavlo dawesebulebebSi.<br />
24. eklesiis saWiroebisamebr niSnavs samRvdelo an saero pirebs<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sazRvrebs gareT samsaxurisaTvis.<br />
25. samRvdelo da saero pirebs aniWebs dadgenil saeklesio jildoebs.<br />
26. zrunavs wmida mironis droulad momzadebisaTvis da akurTxebs mas.<br />
27. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>Tan qmnis da auqmebs sameurneo-sawarmoo<br />
ganyofilebebs, organizaciebsa da dawesebulebebs, romlebic saqmianobas<br />
axorcieleben TavianTi wesdebebisa da saxelmwifos Sesabamisi<br />
kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad.<br />
28. zrunavs wmindanTa saflavebis dacvisa da gamSvenebisaTvis.<br />
29. zrunavs eklesiebis aRdgena-restavraciaze da axali taZrebis<br />
mSeneblobaze.<br />
Tavi V. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqo $1. `sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
sapatriarqo~ agreTve ewodeba im dawesebulebaTa erTobliobas, romlebic<br />
uSualod sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqs eqvemdebarebian.<br />
$2. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqo, misi ganyofilebebi da samsaxurebi<br />
mowodebulni arian daexmaron kaTolikos-patriarqs aRmasrulebeli<br />
xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi da angariSvaldebulni arian mis winaSe.<br />
$3. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> ganyofilebebsa da samsaxurebs<br />
qmnis, maT xelmZRvanelebs niSnavs da aTavisuflebs sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi.<br />
$4. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> ganyofilebebisa da samsaxurebis<br />
moRvaweobas aregulireben Sesabamisi wesdebebi, romlebsac amtkicebs<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi.<br />
$5. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> ganyofilebebi da samsaxurebi<br />
arian zedamxedveli da makoordinirebeli organoebi eparqiebSi moqmedi<br />
analogiuri dawesebulebebisa.<br />
$6. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqo, misi ganyofilebebi, dawesebulebebi,<br />
eparqiebi, samrevloebi, monastrebi, sasuliero saswavleblebi da
sazRvargareT myofi samrevloebi da dawesebulebebi sargebloben iuridiuli<br />
piris uflebiT.<br />
Tavi VI. <strong>eparqia</strong> $1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia iyofa eparqiebad, romlebsac<br />
marTaven mRvdelmTavrebi. <strong>eparqia</strong> Sedgeba olqebSi (samTavarxucesoebSi)<br />
gaerTianebuli samrevloebisagan da am eparqiis teritoriaze ganlagebuli<br />
monastrebisagan.<br />
$2. `<strong>eparqia</strong>~ ewodeba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis im nawils, romelsac<br />
kanonikurad marTavs sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqisa da wm.<br />
sinodis mier dadgenili eparqiis mRvdelmTavari.<br />
$3. eparqiebis sazRvrebs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> teritoriaze adgens <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wm. sinodi saxelmwifos administraciulteritoriuli<br />
dayofis gaTvaliswinebiT. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sazRvrebs gareT<br />
eparqiebis sazRvrebi dgindeba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. sinodis<br />
gadawyvetilebiT.<br />
$4. yovel <strong>eparqia</strong>Si arseboben saeparqio mmarTvelobis organoebi,<br />
romlebic moqmedeben saeklesio kanonebiTa da saqaraTvelos avtokefaluri<br />
marTlmadidebluri marTva-gamgeobis debulebiT.<br />
$5. saeklesio saWiroebebisaTvis eparqiebSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas saTanado<br />
dawesebulebani, romelTa moRvaweobac ganisazRvreba sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />
dadgenilebiT.<br />
$6. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. sinods ufleba aqvs aRadginos Zveli da<br />
gaxsnas axali eparqiebi, gaauqmos romelime arsebuli, Seucvalos dasaxeleba<br />
da teritoriuli sazRvrebi.<br />
Tavi VII. mRvdelmTavari $1. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari, wmida mociqulebidan<br />
momdinare uwyveti ierarqiuli xeldasxmis madliT, aris eparqiis<br />
saWeTmpyrobeli da misi kanonikuri mmarTveli.<br />
$2. eparqiis mRvdelmTavris arCeva da dadgineba xdeba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis mier. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
aZlevs eparqiis mRvdelmTavars `dadginebis sigels~.<br />
$3. eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebi atareben wodebas, romelSic Sedis eparqiis<br />
saxelwodeba. mRvdelmTavarTa wodebebi ganisazRvreba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
wm. sinodis krebis mier.<br />
$4. samRvdelmTavro kandidati unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg pirobebs:<br />
1. asakiT unda iyos aranakleb ocdaTxuTmeti (35) wlisa.<br />
2. unda gamoirCeodes sarwmunoebrivi da zneobrivi siwmindiT.<br />
3. unda hqondes Sesaferisi saRvTismetyvelo da saero ganaTleba.<br />
4. unda iyos beri.<br />
$5. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars aqvs sarwmunoebrivi da zneobrivi swavlebis,<br />
mRvdelmoqmedebisa da moZRvrebis sruli ierarqiuli uflebamosileba.<br />
$6. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqTan<br />
SeTanxmebiT asrulebs sasuliero pirebis xeldasxmas, iZleva locvakurTxevas<br />
berad da monozvnad aRkvecaze da niSnavs maT msaxurebis<br />
adgilebze, agreTve niSnavs eparqiis dawesebulebebis yvela TanamSromels.<br />
$7. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars ufleba aqvs kaTolikos-patriarqTan<br />
SeTanxmebiT miiRos Tavis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si samsaxurisaTvis sxva eparqiidan
gadmosuli sasuliero piri, Tu mas aqvs Tavisi episkoposisagan `gantevebis<br />
sigeli~. agreTve mRvdelmTavars ufleba aqvs gauSvas Tavisi eparqiidan sxva<br />
eparqiebSi sasuliero pirebi da misces maT `gantevebis sigelebi~.<br />
$8. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari aris umaRlesi zedamxedveli <strong>eparqia</strong>Si Semaval<br />
monastrebze da dawesebulebebze, garda stavropigialurisa, romelic<br />
uSualod kaTolikos-patriarqs eqvemdebareba.<br />
$9. eparqiis mRvdelmTavris Tanxmobis gareSe saeparqio mmarTvelobis<br />
organoebis verc erTi gadawyvetileba ver ganxorcieldeba.<br />
$10. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars ufleba aqvs mimarTos eparqiis mrevls<br />
samRvdelmTavro epistoleTi.<br />
$11. eparqiis yvela taZarSi RvTismsaxurebis dros <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis saxelis Semdeg aRevlineba eparqiis mRvdelmTavris<br />
saxeli.<br />
$12. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTolikos-patriarqs warudginos dadgenili formiT yovelwliuri angariSi<br />
eparqiis cxovrebisa da Tavisi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb.<br />
$13. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari:<br />
1. icavs sarwmunoebriv da zneobriv siwmindes.<br />
2. pasuxismgebelia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis saeklesio krebebis<br />
dadgenilebebisa da sxva saeklesio wesdebebis Sesrulebaze Tavis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si.<br />
3. zedamxedvelobs saeklesio wesrigs da RvTismsaxurebis swor<br />
aRsrulebas.<br />
4. saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad mogzaurobs Tavis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si,<br />
mimoixilavs eparqiis samrevloebs da akontrolebs maT an uSualod, an Tavisi<br />
uflebamosili warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT.<br />
5. zedamxedvelobs eparqiis samRvdeloebis moRvaweobas.<br />
6. aZlevs sasuliero pirebsa da momsaxure personals Svebulebas erTi<br />
Tvis vadiT.<br />
7. zrunavs sasuliero pirTa ganaTlebis donis asamaRleblad<br />
8. zedamxedvelobs da xelmZRvanelobs samRvdelo kandidatebis<br />
saRvTismetyvelo momzadebas.<br />
9. ebrZvis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si gavrcelebul yvela borot da mwvaleblur swavlebas.<br />
10. zrunavs, rom samRvdeloebis qadageba Seesabamebodes wmida<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebas.<br />
11. zrunavs mrevlis sulieri da zneobrivi donis asamaRleblad.<br />
12. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis winaSe Suamdgomlobs<br />
Rirseuli sasuliero pirebisa da eriskacebis dasajildoeblad.<br />
13. kaTolikos-patriarqTan SeTanxmebiT akurTxebs <strong>eparqia</strong>Si Semaval<br />
taZrebs da xels asxams sadiakvno da samRvdelo kandidatebs.<br />
14. zrunavs mowyalebisa da qvelmoqmedebis saqmeebze.<br />
15. aarsebs misiisa da evangelizaciis centrebsa da misionerul skolebs.<br />
$14. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia hqondes eparqiis sasuliero<br />
pirTa sruli sia da monacemebi.<br />
$15. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia, mosTxovos <strong>eparqia</strong>Si Semavali<br />
monastrebis winamZRvrebsa da olqebis mTavarxucesebs maTdami<br />
daqvemdebarebuli monastrebisa da olqebSi moRvaweobis yovelwliuri<br />
angariSi.
$16. eparqiis mRvdelmTavris nebarTvis gareSe <strong>eparqia</strong>Si RvTismsaxurebis<br />
aRsruleba aravis ar SeuZlia.<br />
$17. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari aris <strong>eparqia</strong>Si umaRlesi sasamarTlo<br />
xelisufali. saeklesio kanonebis mixedviT mas ufleba aqvs:<br />
1. mwyemsmTavruli SeniSvna misces sasuliero pirebs, gamoucxados maT<br />
sayveduri, gadaayenos Tanamdebobidan, daados epitimia da aukrZalos<br />
mRvdelmoqmedeba.<br />
2. mwyemsmTavruli SeniSvna misces eriskacebs, daados epitimia da dasajos<br />
isini uziareblobiT.<br />
3. Seamsubuqos sasjeli.<br />
4. saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad gadawyvitos saeklesio qorwinebisa da<br />
ganqorwinebis sakiTxebi.<br />
$18. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia, RvTismsaxurebis dros aRavlinos<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis saxeli.<br />
$19. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia daemorCilos umaRles saeklesio<br />
xelisuflebas (<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wm. sinods da kaTolikos-patriarqs),<br />
Seatyobinos mas <strong>eparqia</strong>Si yvela mniSvnelovani movlena da ar moimoqmedos<br />
iseTi ram, rac mis uflebas aRemateba.<br />
$20. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia mudmivad imyofebodes Tavis<br />
<strong>eparqia</strong>Si. mas eparqiidan wasvla mxolod kaTolikos-patriarqis nebarTviT<br />
SeuZlia.<br />
$21. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars ar eqvemdebarebian eparqiis teritoriaze<br />
ganlagebuli stavropigialuri monastrebi, saswavleblebi da dawesebulebani.<br />
$22. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars ufleba aqvs <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>Tan SeTanxmebiT<br />
Seqmnas da daamtkicos saeklesio-saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoebani, samrevloebTan<br />
arsebuli Zmobebi da maTi wesdebebi.<br />
$23. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars unda hyavdes saeparqio sabWo da daniSnos misi<br />
wevrebi da TanamSromlebi.<br />
$24. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari aris Tavisi eparqiis saeklesio qonebis<br />
umaRlesi zedamxedveli, da igi pasuxismgebelia am qonebaze wmida sinodisa da<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis winaSe.<br />
$25. daqvrivebul <strong>eparqia</strong>s droebiT marTavs kaTolikos-patriarqis mier<br />
daniSnuli mRvdelmTavari. am dros ar tardeba araviTari RonisZiebani<br />
saeparqio cxovrebis reorganizaciisaTvis da ar xdeba araviTari cvlilebani<br />
wina mRvdelmTavris mmarTvelobis periodSi dawyebul samuSaoebSi.<br />
$26. eparqiis daqvrivebisas saeparqio sabWo daluqavs saeparqio daxls da<br />
yvela dawesebulebas; xolo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqo gamoyofs komisias,<br />
romelic revizias gaukeTebs eparqiis qonebas da Seadgens Sesabamis aqts<br />
axlad daniSnuli mRvdelmTavrisaTvis gadasacemad.<br />
$27. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebis xeldasxma sruldeba mcxeTis<br />
sveticxovlis wmida aTormetTa mociqulTa saxelobis sapatriarqo taZarSi.<br />
$28. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars aqvs Tavisi tvifri da beWedi.<br />
$29. samocdaTxuTmeti (75) wlis asakis miRwevisas eparqiis mRvdelmTavari<br />
valdebulia sTxovos kaTolikos-patriarqs pensiaSi gasvlis nebarTva.<br />
$30. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars ufleba ara aqvs TviTneburad Sevides da<br />
unebarTvod aRasrulos mRvdelmoqmedeba sxvis <strong>eparqia</strong>Si.
Tavi VIII. saeparqio sabWo $1. saeparqio sabWo aris saTaTbiro,<br />
kolegialuri organo, romelic eparqiis mRvdelmTavars exmareba eparqiis<br />
mmarTvelobaSi da uSualod mas eqvemdebareba.<br />
$2. saeparqio sabWos daniSnulebaa mRvdelmTavarTan erTad ganixilos<br />
eparqiis mmarTvelobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.<br />
$3. saeparqio sabWos wevrebsa da mis TanamSromlebs niSnavs da<br />
aTavisuflebs mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.<br />
$4. saeparqio sabWos Tavmjdomare aris eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.<br />
$5. saeparqio sabWos wevrebi arian: mRvdelmTavari, oTxi sasuliero da<br />
ori saero piri. isini unda gamoirCeodnen maRali zneobiT, sulierebiT,<br />
Sesabamisi saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebiT da cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebiT.<br />
$6. saeparqio sabWos sxdomebi imarTeba regularulad, kvartalSi erTxel<br />
da saWiroebisamebr.<br />
$7. saeparqio sabWos hyavs Tavisi mdivani, romelsac niSnavs eparqiis<br />
mRvdelmTavari sabWos wevrTagan. mdivani pasuxismgebelia sxdomebisaTvis<br />
saWiro masalebis momzadebasa da saTanado oqmebisa da dokumentaciis<br />
Sedgenaze.<br />
$8. saeparqio sabWos sxdomebis oqmebze xels awers sabWos yvela wevri.<br />
$9. mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari aris eparqiis umaRlesi sasamarTlo<br />
xelisufali. saeparqio sabWo rCevebiTa da mosazrebebiT exmareba eparqiis<br />
mRvdelmTavars sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi.<br />
$10. saeparqio sabWo saTanado ganxilvis Semdeg, saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT<br />
warudgens eparqiis mRvdelmTavars sasamarTlo saqmes. mmarTvel<br />
mRvdelmTavars gamoaqvs ganaCeni, rogorc eparqiis umaRles sasamarTlo<br />
xelisufals.<br />
$11. saeparqio sabWos is wevri, romelsac raime piradi interesi akavSirebs<br />
mocemul sasamarTlo saqmesTan, mis ganxilvaSi ar monawileobs.<br />
$12. saeparqio sabWo kompetenturia ganixilos Semdegi saxis sasamarTlo<br />
saqmeebi:<br />
1. sasuliero pirTa da eriskacTa mier sarwmunoebisagan gandgoma;<br />
2. maT mier saeklesio da zneobrivi kanonebis darRveva;<br />
3. saeklesio qorwineba da ganqorwineba;<br />
4. da sxva sakiTxebi, romlebic exebian saeklesio marTlwesrigs.<br />
$13. saeparqio sabWos sasamarTlo saqmeebs ixilavs `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
saeklesio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb wesdebis~ Sesabamisad.<br />
Tavi IX. olqebi (samTavarxucesoebi) $1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis eparqiebi<br />
iyofa olqebad (samTavarxucesoebad).<br />
$2. olqebis xelmZRvanelebi arian mTavarxucesebi, romlebsac niSnavs da<br />
aTavisuflebs eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.<br />
$3. mTavarxucesi aris eparqiis mRvdelmTavris mier daniSnuli<br />
zedamxedveli, romlis movaleobaSi Sedis olqis farglebSi saeklesio<br />
marTlwesrigis dacva.<br />
$4. olqSi gaerTianebuli samrevloebis raodenobas gansazRvravs eparqiis<br />
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.<br />
$5. olqis mTavarxucess ufleba aqvs misdami daqvemdebarebul olqSi<br />
moagvaros uTanxmoebebi sasuliero pirTa, eklesiis TanamSromelTa da<br />
agreTve sasuliero pirTa da eklesiis TanamSromelTa Soris.
$6. olqis mTavarxucesi SeiZleba iyos saeparqio sabWos wevri.<br />
$7. olqis mTavarxucesi yovel weliwads eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars<br />
warudgens angariSs dadgenili formiT olqis mdgomareobasa da Tavisi<br />
moRvaweobis Sesaxeb.<br />
$8. yovel olqSi samRvdeloeba Tavisi wridan irCevs moZRvarTmoZRvars,<br />
romelsac amtkicebs eparqiis mRvdelmTavari.<br />
$9. moZRvarTmoZRvars sasuliero pirebma regularulad unda Caabaron<br />
aRsareba.<br />
Tavi X. samrevlo $1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis eparqiebi iyofa olqebad,<br />
xolo olqebi – samrevloebad.<br />
$2. samrevlo – es aris taZarTan gaerTianebuli marTlmadidebel<br />
qristianTa sazogadoeba, romelic Sedgeba samRvdelo da saero pirTagan,<br />
samrevlo – es aris eparqiis nawili, romelic imyofeba eparqiis<br />
mRvdelmTavris kanonikuri mmarTvelobis qveS.<br />
$3. samrevlos xelmZRvanelobs eparqiis mRvdelmTavris mier daniSnuli<br />
winamZRvari, romelsac marTa-gamgeobaSi samrevlo sabWo exmareba.<br />
$4. axali samrevloebis daarseba an samrevlos gauqmeba xdeba eparqiis<br />
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris locva-kurTxeviT.<br />
$5. samrevlos aucileblad unda hqondes erTi taZari an samlocvelo<br />
saxli. samrevlo taZrebis, samlocvelo saxlebisa da saydrebis aSeneba,<br />
gamSveneba da SekeTeba xdeba eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris nebarTviT.<br />
$6. samrevloSi samRvdelo pirs niSnavs da aTavisuflebs eparqiis<br />
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.<br />
$7. samrevlos samRvdelo piri _ winamZRvari<br />
1. sasurvelia mudmivad cxovrebodes samrevlos teritoriaze; igi<br />
valdebulia TviTneburad ar miatovos Tavisi mrevli, gansakuTrebiT maSin,<br />
rodesac samrevloSi gavrcelebulia epidemia an sxva raime safrTxe emuqreba<br />
mas.<br />
2. mudmivad unda ataros sasuliero wodebis Sesabamisi samoseli.<br />
3. ar unda iyos dakavebuli iseTi saqmeebiT, romlebic ar Seesabameba<br />
sasuliero wodebas.<br />
4. ar unda eswrebodes sasuliero wodebisaTvis Seuferebel gasarTob<br />
sanaxaobebs.<br />
5. mudam unda kiTxulobdes wmida werilsa da wm. mamaTa Sromebs,<br />
ecnobodes saRvTismetyvelo literaturas, qadagebdes.<br />
6. saTanadod unda aRasrulos saeklesio RvTismsaxureba da<br />
mRvdelmoqmedeba.<br />
7. unda izrunos taZarsa da saeklesio Senobis garemontebasa da<br />
gamSvenebaze.<br />
8. unda izrunos RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro nivTebis SeZenaze, Senaxvasa<br />
da dacvaze.<br />
9. unda izrunos saeklesio disciplinasa da zneobaze, SeniSvnebi da<br />
darigebebi misces damnaSaveebs.<br />
10. zustad unda Seasrulos eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris<br />
gankargulebani da miTiTebani.<br />
11. unda izrunos avadmyofobaze, qvriv-oblebsa da glaxakebze.
12. unda awarmoos saeklesio sabuTebi; weros samrevlo matiane, izrunos<br />
arqivis Sevsebaze.<br />
13. unda izrunos samrevlo biblioTekis mowyobaze.<br />
14. yvela mniSvnelovani sakiTxis gadawyvetisas unda mimarTos eparqiis<br />
mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars an olqis mTavarxucess.<br />
15. unda ebrZolos samrevloSi gavrcelebul crurwmenasa da<br />
mwvaleblobas.<br />
16. zedamxedveloba unda gauwios saeklesio TanamSromlebis mier TavianTi<br />
movaleobis saTanadod aRsrulebas.<br />
17. unda izrunos saeklesio qonebaze, awarmoos sainventarizacio wigni.<br />
igi pasuxismgebelia eparqiis mRvdelmTavris, kaTolikos-patriarqisa da wm.<br />
sinodis winaSe saeklesio qonebaze.<br />
18. unda moiwvios samrevlo sabWos sxdomebi TveSi erTxel.<br />
19. unda moiwvios samrevlos kreba weliwadSi erTxel, romelsac TviTon<br />
Tavmjdomareobs.<br />
20. unda warudginos olqis mmarTvelsa da eparqiis mRvdelmTavars<br />
yovelwliuri angariSi samrevlos mdgomareobisa da Tavisi moRvaweobis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
$8. samrevlos samRvdelo pirs - winamZRvars SeuZlia Svebuleba aiRos da<br />
datovos Tavisi samrevlo erTi TviT, eparqiis mRvdelmTavris locvakurTxeviT.<br />
$9. mrevlis yoveli wevri unda iyos marTlmadidebeli aRmsareblobis<br />
piri, romelsac cocxali kavSiri aqvs Tavis samrevlo taZarTan.<br />
$10. mrevlis yoveli wevri valdebulia daeswros RvTismsaxurebas,<br />
regularulad Caabaros aRsareba da eziaros, daicvas saeklesio kanonebi,<br />
iswrafodes sulier-zneobrivi srulyofisaken da iRvwodes samrevlos<br />
keTildReobisaTvis.<br />
$11. samrevlos krebis wevrebi arian am samrevlos wevri sasuliero da<br />
saero pirebi.<br />
$12. samrevlo kreba, erTi (1) wlis vadiT irCevs samrevlo sabWos wevrebs,<br />
romlebsac amtkicebs eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.<br />
$13. samrevlo sabWo Sedegeba eklesiaSi momsaxure yvela sasuliero da<br />
sami saero pirisagan.<br />
$14. samrevlo sabWos Tavmjdomare aris samrevlos winamZRvari.<br />
$15. mRvdelmTavarTan SeTanxmebiT samrevlo sabWo saero pirTagan erTi<br />
wlis vadiT niSnavs mnes, romelic aRricxavs eklesiis Semosaval-gasavals,<br />
risTvisac iqmneba specialuri wigni. yovelTviurad samrevlo sabWo<br />
akontrolebs samrevlos fulad da materialur saxsrebs. darRvevis<br />
SemTxvevaSi damnaSaves winamZRvris wardginebiT mRvdelmTavari adebs sasjels<br />
an aTavisuflebs mas.<br />
$16. winamZRvris gardacvalebis an sxvagan gadayvanis SemTxvevaSi samrevlo<br />
sabWo amowmebs samrevlos qonebas; aRwers da Seadgens Sesabamis aqts,<br />
romelsac gadascems eparqiis mRvdelmTavarsa da mis mier daniSnul<br />
winamZRvars.<br />
$17. samrevlo sabWo angariSvaldebulia eparqiis mmarTveli<br />
mRvdelmTavris winaSe.
$18. yovel samrevlos ukavia gansazRvruli teritoria (qalaqebis<br />
samrevloebis garda), romlis sazRvrebis Secvlis ufleba mxolod eparqiis<br />
mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars aqvs.<br />
$19. samrevlos gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi misi kuTvnili qoneba gadadis<br />
eparqiis mflobelobaSi.<br />
$20. samrevlos winamZRvars aqvs Sesabamisi tvifri da beWedi.<br />
Tavi XI. monastrebi $1. monasteri aris savane, romelSic cxovrobs da<br />
moRvaweobs berebis an monozvnebisagan Semdgari krebuli. am krebulis berebi<br />
an monozvnebi gaerTianebulni arian upovrebis, uqorwineblobisa da<br />
morCilebis aRTqmiT da Tavisi cxovreba miZRvnili aqvT ubiwoebisa da<br />
locvisadmi.<br />
$2. monastrebis daarsebis nebarTvas iZleva sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, an wm. sinodi eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris<br />
wardginebiT da kanonikuri proceduris dacviT.<br />
$3. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqs aqvs ufleba<br />
stavropigialuri monastrebis daarsebisa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>sapatriarqos</strong><br />
iurisdiqciaSi Semaval mTel teritoriaze.<br />
$4. stavropigialuri monastrebi Sedian uSualod sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi.<br />
$5. eparqiis teritoriaze arsebuli sxva monastrebi eqvemdebarebian<br />
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris iurisdiqcias.<br />
$6. monastrebi sargebloben iuridiuli piris uflebiT, aqvT beWedi da<br />
tvifri.<br />
$7. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis yvela monastris Sevseba xdeba mmarTveli<br />
mRvdelmTavris locva-kurTxevis Tanaxmad marTlmadidebeli aRmsareblobis<br />
pirebiT, romelTac bermonozvnuri cxovrebis survili aqvT.<br />
$8. monastrebi Tavis moRvaweobas axorcieleben `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
monastrebisa da ber-monozvnobis Sesaxeb debulebis~ Tanaxmad. yovel<br />
monasters SeiZleba hqondes Tavisi specifikuri tibikoni, magram igi unda<br />
Seesabamebodes `debulebas~ da damtkicebuli unda iyos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
an wmida sinodis mier.<br />
$9. monastrebs ufleba aqvT hqondeT metoqebi, romelTa daarsebis<br />
nebarTvas iZleva kaTolikos-patriarqi an wm. sinodi. metoqi ewodeba taZars,<br />
Tavisi kuTvnili Senoba-nagebobiT, romelic imyofeba monastris gamgeblobaSi,<br />
magram mdebareobs mis sazRvrebs gareT (SesaZlebelia sxva eparqiis<br />
teritoriaze). metoqis moRvaweoba regulirdeba `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
monastrebisa da ber-monoznobis Sesaxeb debulebiT~, agreTve im monastris<br />
tibikoniT, romlis kuTvnilebasac es metoqi warmoadgens. metoqi Sedis im<br />
mRvdelmTavris iurisdiuqciaSi, romeli eparqiis teritoriazec igi<br />
mdebareobs.<br />
Tavi XII. saeklesio finansebi da qoneba $1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia<br />
uzrunvelyofs Tavis materialur moTxovnilebebs TviTdafinansebis<br />
safuZvelze.<br />
$2. misi finansebi iqmneba: morwmuneTa nebayoflobiTi SemowirulobiT,<br />
saeklesio wesebis aRsrulebis SemowirulobiT, saeklesio sawarmoebis mier
gamoSvebuli produqciis realizaciiT da sxva saeklesio-sameurneo<br />
saqmianobiT.<br />
$3. centraluri saeklesio biujeti sapatriarqoSi iqmneba eparqiebis,<br />
stavropigialuri monastrebisa da sxva saeklesio-sameurneo dawesebulebebis<br />
mier gadaricxuli fuladi saxsrebiT, romlis procentul raodenobas<br />
gansazRvravs wm. sinodi.<br />
$4. saerTo-saeklesio finansebis ganmkargavni arian sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi da wmida sinodi.<br />
$5. <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> ganyofilebebis dawesebulebebis dafinanseba xdeba<br />
saerTo-saeklesio saxsrebidan, garda im ganyofilebebisa, romlebsac SeswevT<br />
TviTdafinansebis unari.<br />
$6. eparqiis biujeti iqmneba samrevloebis, monastrebisa da saeparqiosameurneo<br />
dawesebulebebis Semosavlidan wm. sinodis mier dadgenili<br />
procentis gadaricxviT.<br />
$7. saerTo-saeparqio fuladi saxsrebis ganmkargavi biujetis farglebSi<br />
aris mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari, romelic awarmoebs saeklesio daniSnulebiT<br />
gacemuli Tanxis aRricxvas.<br />
$8. samrevloebis fuladi saxsrebi iqmneba: morwmuneTa nebayoflobiTi<br />
Semowirulobebis da sapatriarqodan gacemuli sanTlis, saeklesio<br />
literaturis da sxva nivTiebis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavlisagan.<br />
$9. samrevlos fuladi saxsrebis ganmkargavi biujetis farglebSi aris<br />
samrevlo winamZRvari da samrevlo sabWo.<br />
$10. monastrebis fuladi saxsrebi iqmneba iseve, rogorc samrevloebisa.<br />
maTi ganmkargavi biujetis farglebSi aris monastris winamZRvari.<br />
$11. sasuliero saswavleblebis dafinanseba xdeba im eparqiis saerTosaeklesio<br />
fuladi saxsrebidan, sadac mdebareobs es saswavlebeli da<br />
saswavleblis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi sameurneo dawesebulebebis<br />
Semosavlidan.<br />
$12. sasuliero saswavleblebis xarjTaRricxvas amticebs eparqiis<br />
mRvdelmTavari sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqTan SeTanxmebiT.<br />
$13. sasuliero saswavleblis fuladi saxsrebis ganmkargavi biujetis<br />
farglebSi aris reqtori da pedsabWo.<br />
$14. saeklesio Tanxebi inaxeba bankSi Sesabamisi saeklesio dawesebulebis<br />
saxelze.<br />
$15. sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi da wmida sinodi axdenen<br />
saerTo-saeklesio da saeparqio fuladi saxsrebisa da qonebis revizias. aseTi<br />
reviziis ganxorcielebisaTvis maT mier iqmneba specialuri sinodaluri<br />
komisia.<br />
$16. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>a da stavropigialuri monastrebis fuladi<br />
saxsrebisa da qonebis revizias axdens sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikospatriarqis<br />
mier daniSnuli komisia.<br />
$17. eparqiis samrevloebis, monastrebisa da dawesebulebebis fuladi<br />
saxsrebisa da qonebis revizias axdens kaTolikos-patriarqis an eparqiis<br />
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris mier daniSnuli sarevizio komisia.<br />
$18. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis eparqiebs, monastrebs, samrevloebs, saeklesio<br />
dawesebulebebs, sasuliero saswavleblebs, saeklesio-sameurneo<br />
dawesebulebebs ufleba aqvT flobdnen uZrav-moZrav qonebas, miwis nakveTs,<br />
aiRon arendiT, aaSenon da SeiZinon Senoba-nagebobebi da sxv. kaTolikos-
patriarqis kurTxeviT aqvT ufleba qadagebisaTvis isargeblon masobrivi<br />
informaciis saSualebebiT da sxv.<br />
$19. saeklesio qonebis marTva da gankargva xdeba saeklesio kanonebis,<br />
saxelmwifoSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis da `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtokefaluri<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis~ Tanaxmad.<br />
$20. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>a da eparqiebis biujetSi Semosavlebidan<br />
gadasaricx procents adgens <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinodi.<br />
$21. eparqiebis, monastrebis, samrevloebisa da sxva saeklesio<br />
dawesebulebebis fuladi saxsrebi mRvdelmTavrebisa da winamZRvrebis mier<br />
mxolod saeklesio miznebisaTvis unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.<br />
$22. eklesiaSi akrZalulia iseTi sanTlebisa, an sxva saeklesio nivTebis<br />
gayidva, romlebic ar aris damzadebuli <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> sameurneo<br />
dawesebulebebis mier.<br />
$23. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis mTel kanonikur teritoriaze sanTlebis,<br />
saeklesio literaturisa Tu sxva nivTebis realizacia xdeba <strong>sapatriarqos</strong><br />
mier dadgenili fasebis mixedviT.<br />
Tavi XIII. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebi $1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
eklesiis sasuliero saswavleblebi warmoadgenen umaRles da saSualo<br />
specialur saswavlo dawesebulebebs, romlebic amzadeben:<br />
1. RvTismsaxurTa kadrebs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis.<br />
2. samecniero da pedagogiur kadrebs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis.<br />
3. saRvTismetyvelo sagnebis kvalificiur pedagogiur kadrebs umaRlesi<br />
da saSualo saero saswavleblebisaTvis.<br />
$2. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis saeklesio saswavleblebi: gimnaziebi, liceumebi,<br />
skolebi, sabavSvo baRebi da sxv. warmoadgenen saSualo da dawyebiT saswavlo<br />
dawesebulebebs, romlebic emsaxurebian momavali Taobis marTlmadidebeli<br />
sarwmunoebiT aRzrdas.<br />
$3. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebi eqvemdebarebian sruliad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis umaRles mmarTvelobas.<br />
$4. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebi kanonikurad Sedian im<br />
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris iurisdiqciaSi, romlis eparqiis teritoriazec<br />
isini arian ganlagebuli.<br />
$5. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebis daarseba da gauqmeba xdeba<br />
sruliad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis brZanebiT.<br />
$6. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebis marTva da moRvaweoba xdeba<br />
`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sasuliero saswavleblebis Sesaxeb<br />
debulebis~ safuZvelze.<br />
$7. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebisaTvis saswavlo programas<br />
adgens <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>Tan arsebuli saswavlo komiteti.<br />
$8. <strong>sapatriarqos</strong>Tan arsebuli saswavlo komiteti valdebulia Seamowmos<br />
saswavlo procesis mimdinareoba sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebSi da<br />
zedamxedveloba gauwios programebis ganxorcielebas.<br />
Tavi XIV. sapensio anazRaurebis Sesaxeb $1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesia<br />
sasuliero pirebisa da TanamSromlebis sapensio anazRaurebas awarmoebs<br />
`saeklesio pensiis Sesaxeb debulebis~ safuZvelze.
Tavi XV. `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
marTva-gamgeobis debulebaSi~ cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb $1.<br />
`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis<br />
debuleba~ ZalaSia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gafarToebuli<br />
krebis mier misi miRebisTanave.<br />
$2. adre arsebuli `debuleba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis<br />
Sesaxeb~ gauqmebulia.<br />
$3. `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-<br />
gamgeobis debulebaSi~ cvlilebebis Setanis ufleba aqvs mxolod<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis wmida sinods.<br />
gadmobeWdilia wignidan - `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> avtokefaluri, marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba~, mcxeTa, sveticxoveli, 1995<br />
2002 wlis 17 oqtombris wmida sinodis dadgenilebiT zemoaRniSnul<br />
eparqiebs daemata ramdenime axali <strong>eparqia</strong> da kanonizebul iqna axali<br />
wmidanebi, maT Soris wmida kirion kaTalikosi, klarjeli mamebi, eqvTime<br />
TayaiSvili da sxv.<br />
daskvna<br />
saeklesio samarTali saukuneTa manZilze Seiswavleba marTlmadidebel<br />
msoflioSi, CvenSi is SedarebiT axali samecniero dargia, amitomac<br />
Sesabamisad mniSvnelovania <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebis mier gamocemuli<br />
samarTlis Zeglebis erTad Tavmoyra da maTi analizi. naSromSi `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
saeklesio krebebi~ gamovlenili, gaanalizebuli da Seswavlili iqna IV-XX<br />
saukuneebSi Semdgari ramdenime aTeuli saeklesio kreba, isini daiyo<br />
garkveuli sistemisa da qronologiis Sesabamisad. kerZod, calke jgufad<br />
gamovyaviT krebebi, romelTac kanonSemoqmedebiTad iRvawes, aseve gaerTiandnen<br />
krebebi, romelTac mimdinare sakiTxebi ganixiles, magram kanonebi ar<br />
gamouciaT. Tavis mxriv, mimdinare saeklesio krebebi or jgufad gavyaviT,<br />
pirvelSi moxvdnen krebebi, romelnic Sedgnen avtokefaliis gauqmebamde,<br />
meoreSi ki avtokefaliis aRdgenidan dRemde. maT Soris, calke jgufis saxiT<br />
movaTavseT is msoflio da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis saeklesio krebebi,<br />
romelTa muSaobaSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> episkoposebma miiRes monawileoba.<br />
Sesabamisad, naSromSi Sevida 15 sakanonmdeblo kreba, Semdgarni XII-XX
saukuneSi, 21 mimdinare kreba Semdgarni IV-XVIII saukuneebSi, XIX-XX<br />
saukuneebSi Semdgari 50 mimdinare kreba, maT Soris, rogorc aRiniSna,<br />
moTavsebulia 9 msoflio anda saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis saeklesio kreba,<br />
romelTa muSaobaSic qarTvelma episkoposebma miiRes monawileoba.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebis SeswavliT kidev erTxel dadasturda,<br />
rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> wmida eklesia uwyveti Tanamonawile iyo diadi msoflio<br />
saeklesio cxovrebisa, amitomac SeZlo man wmida mamaTa azriT, sarwmunoebis<br />
wmidad dacva mociqulTa droidan Cvens dromde. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifo da<br />
saeklesio samarTali imTaviTve civilizebuli msoflios samarTlis sferos<br />
ganekuTvneboda.<br />
radganac <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> adgilobrivi krebebis mier gamocemuli samarTali<br />
mTlianad gamomdinareobs msoflio saeklesio krebebis samarTlidan, amitom<br />
naSromis SesavalSi zogadad mimoxilulia msoflio da adgilobrivi krebebi,<br />
maTi kanonebis cnobili komentarebi, agreTve marTlmadidebel msoflioSi<br />
Sedgenili nomokanonebi da samarTlis sxva Zeglebi. naSromis erTi Tavi<br />
mTlianad eZRvneba msoflio saeklesio samarTlis qarTuli Targmanis<br />
problemebs.<br />
CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania kvleva <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio<br />
samarTlis wyaroebisa. sazogadod, saeklesio samarTalmcodneebi samarTlis<br />
wyaroebs yofen or jgufad, pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi da institutebi,<br />
romelTac Seqmnes samarTlis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens dokumentebsa da<br />
werilobiT Zeglebs, romlebSic gadmocemulia aRniSnuli normebi, es<br />
ukanasknelni (dokumentebi da Zeglebi) TiTqmis sisruliT, qrestomaTiuli<br />
saxiTaa warmodgenili mTel naSromSi Sesabamisi krebebis ganxilvisas.<br />
CvenTvis sainteresoa iyo kvleva samarTlis wyaroebis pirveli jgufisa –<br />
gamovlena im institutebisa da pirebis, romelTac Seqmnes qarTuli saeklesio<br />
samarTlis normebi. Tuki eklesia avtokefaluria, misi samarTlis erT-erTi<br />
umTavresi wyaroa sakuTari krebebis mier miRebuli dadgenilebani, xolo Tu<br />
ar aris avtokefaluri, maSin zemdgomi eklesiis dadgenilebani. am mxriv<br />
CemTvis SeiZleba iTqvas sasiamovno aRmoCena iyo is, rom wyaroTa kvlevam,<br />
kerZod krebaTa Seswavlam, mTlianad daadastura Zveli qarTuli saeklesio<br />
istoriografiis dabejiTebuli mtkicebani saeklesio samarTlisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovani momentebisa, misi uZvelesi avtokefaliis, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis, saeklesio enis da sxvaTa Sesaxeb, romelnic<br />
gamowvlilviT, xazgasmiTaa naSromSi ganxiluli epoqaTa Sesabamisad.<br />
naSromis winamdebare nawilSi ganxilulia sakanonmdeblo krebebi<br />
Semdgarni XII-XVIII saukuneebSi, mizezi amisa aris is, rom vinaidan Cvens mier<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis istoria dayofilia sam umTavres periodad 620 . [I<br />
periodi: uZvelesi xanidan (wm. andria pirvelwodebulidan da wmida ninodan)<br />
ruis-urbnisis krebamde, II periodi: ruis-urbnisis krebidan avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebamde (moicavs XII-XVIII saukuneebs), III periodi: avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebidan dRemde (moicavs XIX-XX ss)], Sesabamisad sasurvelad miviCnieT<br />
calke gamoyofa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis istoriis II periodSi Semdgari<br />
sakanonmdeblo krebebisa (I periodSi Semdgar sakanonmdeblo krebaTa Sesaxeb<br />
cnobebi ar moipoveba, xolo III periodis sakanonmdeblo krebebi didi<br />
moculobis gamo calke gamoicema)<br />
saeklesio krebaTa analizi aCvenebs Semdegs:
IV-V saukuneebSi eklesia Zlier politikur da ideologiur gavlenas<br />
axdenda mTel imdroindel sazogadoebriv urTierTobasa da yofacxovrebaze,<br />
sazogadoebis msoflmxedveloba, kultura, zne-Cveuleba da samarTali<br />
religiuri suliskveTebiT iyo gamsWvaluli.<br />
VI s-Si sparseTis agresiam safuZveli Seuryia qarTul<br />
saxelmwifoebriobas, xolo VII s-dan arab dampyrobTa mier Zveli qarTuli<br />
samefo dinastiis (gorgaslis STamomavalTa) devna dasrulda am dinastiis<br />
mospobiT. Semdgom, TandaTan <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kuTxeebSi Camoyalibda<br />
adgilobrivi saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi (igulisxmeba `afxazTa~,<br />
`qarTvelTa~, hereTis, taSir-Zorakertis samefoebi, kaxeTis saqorepiskoposo,<br />
Tbilisis saamiro). yvela am erTeulis mosaxleobis umravlesobas<br />
aerTianebda qarTuli eklesia, viTarca Tavis mrevls. VI s. Semdgom<br />
samarTlebrivi saxiT Semdegi suraTi Camoyalibda: dapyrobaTa da xSir<br />
ajanyebaTa, agreTve, Zvel politikur erTeulTa daSlisa da axalTa<br />
warmoqmnis gamo, qveynis mTel sivrceSi warmoiqmna samarTlebrivi qaosi. Zveli<br />
wesrigi moiSala, xolo axlis Camoyalibebas esaWiroeboda saukuneebi. aseTi<br />
samarTlebrivi qaosis dros qarTulma eklesiam, kerZod ki misma<br />
saepiskoposoebma Tavisi mrevlis interesebidan gamomdinare SeZlo regionebsa<br />
da kuTxeebSi gadaqceuliyo adgilobrivi kanonierebisa da wesierebis<br />
(wesrigis) kerebad. amis Sedegad VI-IX saukuneebSi qarTulma eklesiam moipova<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis Tvisebebi. man SeZlo, rom mis (e.i. saeklesioadministraciul)<br />
samarTals daqvemdebareboda regionebSi erTmaneTTan<br />
TiTqmis mudmivad mebrZoli saero xelisufalnic ki (naSromSi amis mravali<br />
magaliTia moyvanili, am periodis samarTlis Zeglebidan Cans, rom saeklesio<br />
samarTlis iurisdiqcia saero saqmeebzec vrceldeboda).<br />
aseT viTarebaSi, eklesiam moipova didi avtoriteti da warmoadgenda did<br />
Zalas mTeli qveynis cxovrebaSi. igi adgileblze upiratesobis mopovebas<br />
cdilobda saeroze, mas xeli miuwvdeboda da SeeZlo zegavlena moexdina<br />
saero-samoqalaqo samarTalze da saWiroebis dros qveynis (regionis)<br />
mmarTvelobis sadaveebis aRebac SeeZlo Tavis xelSi. am mdgomareobam Tavisi<br />
asaxva hpova samarTlis Zeglebze, rasac migviTiTebs, e.w. `bagrat kurapalatis<br />
samarTali~, romelic IX s. samarTlis Zegladaa aRiarebuli. am samarTliT<br />
`meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ (aRbuRas<br />
samarTlis 101, 102, 103 muxlebi). iv. javaxiSvilis sityviT am epoqaSi<br />
`samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi sruli batoni iyo da saero mTavrobaze maRla<br />
eWira Tavi~ 621 . eklesiis am did Zalaze miuTiTebs saeklesio krebebic.<br />
n. maris sityviT, `Zvel saqarTveloSi saero da sasuliero Zala-uflebis<br />
erToba warmoadgenda udavo faqts~. bizantiaSi, n. maris sityviT,<br />
xatmebrZolobis epoqaSi umaRlesi saero moxeleebi da episkoposebi<br />
emxrobodnen im Tvalsazriss, rom imperators Tval-yuri edevnebina<br />
eklesiisaTvis da waremarTa kidec misi saqmianoba, xolo meore mxares idgnen<br />
marTlmadidebeli berebi da episkoposebi. saqarTveloSi gaimarjva am meore<br />
mimarTulebam, aq eklesia Zlier Zalad grZnobda Tavs, ramac asaxva hpova<br />
saeklesio krebaTa mier gamocemul ZeglebSi.<br />
ruis-urbnisis krebam urTierToba moawesriga eklesiasa da saxelmwifos<br />
Soris, kerZod maT Soris aRsdga is simfoniuri urTierToba, romelic<br />
damaxiasiaTebeli iyo wm. mefe mirianisa da mefe vaxtang gorgaslis
epoqisaTvis. amas xeli Seuwyo saxelmwifos gaerTianebam, raSic eklesias<br />
udidesi wvlili miuZRoda.<br />
Cans, saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis simfoniuri Tavmoyra aRiarebuli<br />
iqna ruis-urbnisis krebis mier. mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis, viTarca<br />
saxelmwifoSi mefis Semdeg meore saxelisuflo piris Tanamdebobis daweseba<br />
am faqtis erTi niSania. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebs iwvevda mefe, amave<br />
dros, saxelmwifo darbazs, Cans imis gamo, rom igi Tavisi SemadgenlobiT<br />
gamoxatavda urRvev kavSirs saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebas Soris,<br />
ufleba eniWeboda ganexila saeklesio sakiTxebi da mieRo dadgenileba. amis<br />
mizezi iyo is, rom darbazobisas `xelmwifis karze~ ikribeboda qveynis yvela<br />
nawilis episkopati (`zemo~ da `qvemo mamulebidan~ anu aRmosavleT da<br />
dasavleT saqarTvelodan), mniSvnelovani monastrebis winamZRvrebi da, cxadia,<br />
saero xelisuflebis umaRlesi fena, romelic, Tavis mxriv, eklesiis mrevls<br />
warmoadgenda. darbazobis umTavresi birTvi iyo `xelmwifis kari~. es iyo<br />
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis umaRlesi organo, romelic, Tavis mxriv, aseve<br />
gamoxatavda mTlianobas saero da saeklesio xelisuflebisa, kerZod,<br />
`xelmwifis kari~ Sedgeboda mefisa da oTxi didi berisagan. es `oTxi beri~<br />
iyo: qarTlisa da afxazeTis kaTolikosebi, mwignobarTuxucesi e.i.<br />
Wyondideli episkoposi da moZRvarT-moZRvari. am oTx bers (e.i. kaTolikosebs,<br />
mwignobarTuxucessa da moZRvarT-moZRvars) gansakuTrebuli uflebamovaleobani<br />
hqondaT saqveyno da saeklesio marTvis saqmeSi, kerZod isini<br />
eklesiis mmarTvelebi iyvnen, romelnic `darbazis kars~ - saxelmwifo<br />
sammarTvelo organos qmnidnen. amiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli mematianis<br />
mtkiceba `darbazis karidan~ saeklesio wesebis gamocemebis Sesaxeb -<br />
`monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni eklesiani wessa da rigsa<br />
locvisasa da yovlisa saeklesiosa gangebisasa darbazis kariT miiRebdian,<br />
viTarca kanonsa ucdomelsa da yovlad Sueniersa da dawyobilsa,<br />
keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~ 622 . imaves adasturebs `xelmwifis<br />
karis garigebac~ 623 . amave mizeziTve unda yofiliyo gamowveuli is, rom<br />
saxelmwifo darbazi, romlis Semadgenlobac zemoT vaxseneT, saeklesio<br />
sakiTxebis ganxilvis dros faqtiurad gadaiqceoda xolme saeklesio krebad,<br />
mas, rogorc aRiniSna, eswrebodnen mefe, kaTolikosebi, umaRlesi sasuliero<br />
xelisufalni, qveynis orive nawilis episkoposebi, monastrebis winamZRvrebi<br />
da maTi mrevli _ saero xelisufleba da darbaiselni. amaT gamoixateboda<br />
saero da saeklesio xelisuflebis erTiani Zalauflebrivi mmarTveloba<br />
saerTo centridan, rac gamoxatavda simfoniur urTierTobas qarTul<br />
saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris.<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, Cvens mier saeklesio krebebi dayofili iqna or ZiriTad<br />
jgufad, esenia sakanonmdeblo da mimdinare krebebi. winamdebare naSromSi<br />
gaanalizebulia XII-XVIII saukuneebSi Semdgari 10 sakanonmdeblo kreba:<br />
1. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio kreba, Semdgari 1103 (1104) wels, romlis<br />
gamocemuli samarTali dayofilia kanonebad. krebis `Zegliswera~ ZiriTadad<br />
gadmoscems macxovris qveynad mosvlis mizezebsa da mniSvnelobas, Tu rogor<br />
`mogveca pirvelad bunebiTi da merme dawerili rjuli~, aRwers, Tu ra didi<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs `qristesmoyvare eris sasuliero dasTan erTxmobas~, rom<br />
`amisaTvis iqmna qristesmoyvare da RvTivdaculi mefeebis mier RvTismoyvare<br />
episkoposebisa da RvTis-saTnomyofeli mamebis krebebis mowveva drodadro,
om saqmiT srulyofili sarwmunoebiT RmerTTan SeaerTon qristianebi~,<br />
krebas udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda eklesiisa da saxelmwifos Semdgomi<br />
gaZlierebisaTvis.<br />
2. sakanondmeblo kreba mowveuli mefe giorgi brwyinvales mier (1335).<br />
krebaSi monawileobda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> patriarqi (`wmida meufe qarTlis<br />
kaTalikosi evfTvime~) da episkopati. isini, saero xelisuflebis pirvel<br />
pirebTan erTad sakanonmdeblo muSaobas warmarTavdnen imJamindeli wesis<br />
Tanaxmad, amitomac Tumca krebis mier gamocemuli kanonebi ZiriTadad<br />
samoqalaqo `msoflio~ samarTlis sferos ganekuTvneba, magram TviT krebis<br />
gansazRvrebiT maTSi gadmocemulia `sasjulo saqme da saeklesio, risic<br />
ginda sasaqmosa-kacis mkvlelTa, eklesiis mkrexelTa, colis gamgdebelTa anu<br />
warmgvrelTa~. maT saeklesio samarTlis sferos akuTvnebdnen. krebis `Zeglis<br />
dadeba~ Sedgeba Sesavlisa da 46 muxlisagan, maT Soris ramdenime saeklesioa.<br />
kreba saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda.<br />
3. Wulevis sakanonmeblo kreba (1381-1386). krebam ganixila da uklebliv<br />
daamtkica iqamde 70-80 wliT adre Sedgenili beqa mandaturTuxucesis<br />
samarTali, romelsac daurTo 33 muxli, romelic aRbuRa aTabagamirspasalaris<br />
samarTlis saxeliTaa amJamad cnobili. amasTanave krebam<br />
aRniSnul (beqasa da aRbuRas) kanonebs daurTo ZvelTaganve arsebuli e.w.<br />
`bagrat kurapalatis samarTalis~ muxlebi. sabolood ki krebam aRniSnul<br />
samarTalis wignebs daurTo Tavis, TviT Wulevis saeklesio krebis mierve<br />
Sedgenili e.w. kanonikuri samarTlis 10 muxli. amiT WulevSi Sedgenili iqna<br />
samarTlis axali krebuli, romelic sul 170 muxlisagan Sedgeboda (krebuli<br />
muxlebad Semdeg iqna dayofili). Wulevis krebasac saxelmwifo (samTavros)<br />
darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda. aqamde miiCneoda, rom `beqa-aRbuRas<br />
samarTlis~ cnobil krebuls saboloo saxe mieca XVII-XVIII ss-Si, Cveni<br />
kvlevis Tanaxmad es samuSao Seasrula Wulevis krebam.<br />
4. daaxloebiT 1470-1474 wlebSi Sedga e.w. `caiS-bediis saeklesio kreba~,<br />
romlis iniciatorma antioqiis patriarqma gamosca `mcnebaБ sasjuloБ~.<br />
aRniSnul wlebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi Casul antioqiis patriarqs<br />
mixeils ucdia `qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa mier saukuneTa brZoliT<br />
monapovari qarTuli eklesiis Tavisuflebis mospoba~, magram rogorc<br />
garkveulia, man es ver SeZlo. mis mier gamocemuli samarTali CamoTvlis<br />
ZiriTadad xalxis zneobrivi dacemis aRmofxvrisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebs da<br />
Seicavs 43 muxls.<br />
5. daaxloebiT 1543-1549 wlebSi, rogorc Cans, biWvinTaSi Sedga saeklesio<br />
kreba, romelmac gamosca `kaTalikosTa samarTali~. es samarTali asaxavs<br />
maSindeli yofacxovrebis sinamdviles. mimarTulia `kacis syidvis~, saeklesio<br />
qonebis gamtacebelTa, saeklesio kanonebisa da qristianuli zneobis<br />
damrRvevTa winaaRmdeg, udgens normebs episkoposebs, samarTals uCens mefisa<br />
da qveynis moRalateebs. kaTalikosTa samarTali mTel saqarTveloSi moqmedi<br />
sjuli iyo. Seicavs 22 muxls. krebaSi dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> episkoposebTan<br />
erTad monawileoda <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTalikoz-patriarqi malaqia da afxazeTis<br />
kaTalikosi evdemoni.<br />
6. 1702 wlis saeklesio krebis `ganCineba samonastro wesis Taobaze~<br />
marTalia konkretulad daviT-garejis samonastro cxovrebis<br />
mosawesrigeblad gamoica, magram zogadeklesiuri mniSvneloba hqonda<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> monastrebisaTvis. Seicavs sul 6 muxls.
7. vaxtang VI-m `igulismodgina da Semokribna yovelni wignni<br />
samarTlisani, romelni JamTa viTarebiTa mimodabneuli iyo. es yoveli moiZia,<br />
ipova da moiSova friadiTa SromiTa~. vaxtang VI-m Seqmna samarTlis wignTa<br />
cnobili krebuli da Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi namuSavevi daamtkicebina krebas,<br />
romelic Sedgeboda kaTalikosisa da episkoposebisagan. umaRles sasuliero<br />
ierarqiasTan erTad krebas, viTarca saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas,<br />
eswrebodnen didebulni da darbaiselni. vaxtangs 1706-1709 wlebSi Semdgari<br />
krebis `damowmeba da nebadarTva~ esaWiroeboda, raTa misi `samarTali~<br />
qveyanaSi amoqmedebuliyo. samarTlis im muxlebs, romelTac eklesiisaTvis<br />
mniSvneloba hqonda Tan vurTavT aRniSnul krebas.<br />
8. mahmadianTa mmarTvelobisas 1632-1744 wlebSi, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi<br />
socialurad da ekonomikurad dauZlurda qarTuli eklesia da sazogadod<br />
Seirya qristianuli zneobriobis siwminde, amitomac samefo taxtze Teimuraz<br />
pirvelis, viTarca qristiani mefis, asvlis Semdeg marTlmadidebelma eklesiam<br />
aRidgina Tavisi uflebebi. saqmis swrafi gamosworebis mizniT kaTalikosi<br />
anton I ramdenime weli amzadebda da 1748 wels moiwvia kreba, romelsac Cven<br />
`Tbilisis III saeklesio kreba~ vuwodeT (Tbilisis I da II krebebi Sedga XII<br />
saukuneSi da maT kanonebi ar gamouciaT). 1748 wels krebam gamosca samarTlis<br />
Zegli, romelsac `kanonni~ uwoda. iyofa 27 muxlad.<br />
9. 1759 wels imereTis mefe solomon I-ma moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelic<br />
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda, masSi eklesiis umaRles<br />
ierarqTa da episkoposebTan erTad monawileobda dasavleT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mefemTavrebi<br />
da didebulebi. krebam akrZala tyveTa syidva, aRadgina saepiskoposo<br />
kaTedrebi, daubruna eklesias iqamde mitacebuli mamulebi, gadasaxadisagan<br />
gaaTavisufla saeklesio ymebi, aukrZala saero xelisufalT saeklesio<br />
mflobelobaSi Careva. gamosca `xeliTwerili~, romelic umkacresad krZalavs<br />
tyveTa syidvas, Seicavs mowodebas mahmadiani agresorebis winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolisaken, avaldebulebs Tavis moqalaqeebs saTanado pativi miagon<br />
`sarwmunoebasa da mefis erTgulebisaTvis Tavdadebuls~.<br />
10. XVIII s. II naxevarSi erovnul-qristianuli saxelmwi-foebriobis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg saeklesio krebebma kvlav daibrunes mahmadianTa<br />
mmarTvelobis dros dakninebuli uflebani da gamosces Sesabamisi zneobrivi<br />
saxis dadgenilebani. 1762 wels gamoica `dadgenilebani saeklesio krebisa<br />
saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb~, 1768 wels gamoica mefe erekle II-isa da<br />
anton I-is `gansazRvreba~ episkoposTa mimarT: `mcneba mRvdelTaTvis~, Seicavs<br />
35 muxls, 1777 wels afxazeTis kaTalikosma maqsimem gamosca miTiTeba Tavis<br />
samwysos mimarT, romelic Seicavs 10 muxls, 1793 wels gamoica `kanonTa<br />
ganmweseba codvilTaTvis anton II-is mier~, Seicavs 10 muxls.<br />
10-15. naSromSi ganxilulia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />
Semdeg Semdgari sakanonmdeblo krebaTa mier gamocemuli ‘marTva-gamgeobis<br />
debulebani~ (1917, 1920, 1927, 1937(1945), 1995 wlebisa, mocemulia debulebaTa<br />
sruli teqstebi).<br />
am droisaTvis <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> dakarguli hqonda damoukidebloba,<br />
saxelmwifo wyobileba aTeisturi mimarTulebisa iyo, eklesia<br />
saxelmwifosagan kanonmdeblobiT iyo gamoyofili, xolo skola eklesiisagan.<br />
marTlac XX s-Si Semdgari yvela sakanonmdeblo kreba aCvenebs, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesias am periodSi ukve mTlianad aqvs dakarguli<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis niSan-Tvisebani, misi samarTali mTlianadaa
mowyvetili saxelmwifo samarTlisagan, Tuki Zvel saqarTveloSi (XIX s-mde)<br />
saeklesio samarTlis iurisdiqcia garkveulwilad saero saqmeebzec<br />
vrceldeboda, axla aRniSnul debulebebSi amis niSan-wyalic ar arsebobs,<br />
misi samarTali ukve kerZo, ganyenebuli, sazogadoebisagan mowyvetili<br />
organizaciis samarTals ufro emsgavseba, romelic mxolod Sinagani weswyobilebis<br />
mogvarebiTaa dakavebuli da ara mTeli qveynisa da eris<br />
samarTlisa. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom aRniSnul periodSi saqarTveloSi sul<br />
50-mde eklesia moqmedebda da eklesias erisagan uZvelesi saxelmwifo sistema<br />
hyofda, XX s-Si Seqmnili viTareba gasagebi xdeba. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, am<br />
mxriv sul sxvagvaria IV-XVIII saukuneTa samarTali.<br />
ZiriTadi daskvna.<br />
mZime sagareo da saSinao viTarebiT gamowveul danaSaulTa sixSirisa da<br />
siRrmis gamo, romelTa aRmosafxvrelad sakmarisi ar iyo saero xelisufalTa<br />
(mefisa da erisTavTa) Zalaufleba, saWiro gaxda eklesiis avtoriteti da misi<br />
qmediTi Careva, ramac asaxva hpova samarTlis ZeglebSi. saxelmwifoSi<br />
eklesiis rolis amaRlebis gamo saero samarTlisa da samoqalaqo cxovrebis<br />
mTeli rigi sakiTxebi kanonikuri samarTlis normebiT wesrigdeboda da<br />
saeklesio sasamarTloebis kompetencias Seadgenda.<br />
(mTel qveyanaSi kaTalikosisa da regionebSi episkoposebis iurisdiqciis<br />
Sesaxeb migviTiTebs mawyvereli episkoposis magaliTi: awyuris episkoposis<br />
sasamarTlos eqvemdebareboda mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani sisxlisa da<br />
samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi, igi, aTabagTan erTad, axorcielebda umaRles<br />
sasamarTlo xelisuflebas, mis kompetenciaSi Sedioda mZime saxelmwifo<br />
danaSauli. aTabagisa da mawyverelis sasamarTlo xelisufleba SeerTebuli<br />
iyo da mas sisxlis samarTlis dargSi Sereuli xasiaTi hqonda, amasTanave<br />
eklesia awesrigebda samoqalaqo, saojaxo da memkvidreobiT urTierTobebsac).<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiam Tavidanve SeiZina saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis niSan-<br />
Tvisebani, amitomac misi samarTlebrivi mxare saxelmwifo samarTalTan iyo<br />
dakavSirebuli da zogierT periodSi saeklesio samarTlis iurisdiqcia<br />
saero saqmeebzec vrceldeboda. rogorc wesi, (garda ramdenime mniSvnelovani<br />
gamonaklisisa) saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebas warmoadgenda saxelmwifo<br />
darbazis sxdoma. kerZod, saeklesio sakiTxebis garCevis anda ganxilvis dros<br />
saxelmwifo darbazi gardaiqmneboda saeklesio krebad. amis uflebas iZleoda<br />
is garemoeba, rom saxelmwifo darbazis meTaurebi iyvnen saxelmwifos<br />
upirvelesi pirebi: ori kaTalikosi (e.i. qarTlisa da afxazeTis<br />
kaTalikosebi), mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli da moZRvarT-moZRvari, xolo<br />
darbaiselTa Soris mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgendnen episkoposebi da<br />
sasuliero pirebi. krebas am SemadgenlobiT (e.i. sasuliero da saero pirebis<br />
monawileobiT) ufleba eniWeba mefis TanamonawileobiT an brZanebiT<br />
saeklesio sakiTxebis gadaWrisa. e.i. saTanado SemTxvevebSi darbazis kari<br />
viTarca saeklesio kreba iRebda da scemda Sesabamis kanonebsa da<br />
dadgenilebebs, romelic ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saero samarTlis<br />
sferos ganekuTvneboda da gamoxatavda saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis<br />
erTobas.
МИТРОПОЛИТ АНАНИЯ ДЖАПАРИДЗЕ<br />
ЦЕРКОВНЫЕ СОБОРЫ ГРУЗИИ<br />
Церковное право на протяжении веков изучается в православном мире. У нас это<br />
сравнительно новая научная область. Поэтому важно собрать воедино изданные церковными<br />
соборами Грузии памятники права и проанализировать их. В труде “Церковные соборы Грузии”<br />
было выявлено, изучено и пранализировано состоявшееся в IV-XX веках несколько десятков<br />
церковных соборов, которые были разделены в соответствии с определенной системой и<br />
хронологией. В частности, в отдельную группу выделили соборы, которые вели<br />
законотворческую работу. Также объединились соборы, которые рассмотрели текущие вопросы,<br />
но не издали законов. В свою очередь, текущие (очередные) церковные соборы разделили на две<br />
группы. В первую вошли соборы, которые состоялись до отмены автокефалии, а во вторую - с<br />
восстановления автокефалии по сегодняшний день. В отдельную группу выделили те<br />
Вселенские Соборы, в работе которых приняли участие епископы Грузии. Соответственно в<br />
труд вошло 15 законодательных соборов, состоявшихся в XII-XX вв., 21 текущий очередной<br />
собор, состоявшийся в IV-XVIII веках, 50 текущих очередных соборов, состоявшихся в XIX-XX<br />
веках. И как было отмечено, 7 Вселенских Соборов, в работе которых приняли участие<br />
грузинские епископы.<br />
В данной части труда рассмотрены законодательные Соборы, состоявшиеся в XII-XVIII<br />
веках.<br />
1. Руис-Урбнисский церковный Собор состоявшиися в 1103 (1104) году; изданное им право<br />
“Дзеглисцера” разделено на 19 статей. Собор имел огромное значение для дальнейшего<br />
усиления церкви и государства.<br />
По словам Н.Марра, в древней Грузии единство светской и духовной власти представляло<br />
собой бесспорный факт. В Византии, по словам Н.Марра, в эпоху иконоборцев высшие<br />
гражданские чиновники и епископы придерживались того мнения, чтобы император следил за<br />
церковью и направлял ее деятельность. Другого мнения придерживались православные монахи<br />
и епископы. В Грузии победило это второе направление. Здесь церковь чувствовала себя<br />
мощной силой.<br />
Руис-Урбнисский собор упорядочил взаимоотношения между церковью и государством. В<br />
частности, между ними было восстановлено то симфоническое взаимоотношение, которое было<br />
характерно для эпох св. царя Мириана и царя Вахтанга Горгасала. Этому способствовало<br />
объединение страны, во что большую лепту внесла церковь.<br />
В древней Грузии государственная и церковная власти были объединены. Гармоническое и<br />
симфоническое средоточие гражданской и духовной власти в одних руках было признано Руис-<br />
Урбнисским собором, учреждение должности мцигнобартухуцеса-чкондидели, как второго<br />
после царя лица в государстве, является одним из признаков этого факта. Церковные соборы<br />
Грузии созывал царь.<br />
2. Законодательный собор, созванный царем Георгием Блистательным (1335). В соборе<br />
принимал участие патриарх Грузии (Святой владыка католикос Эвфтим), епископат и знать.<br />
Они вели законодательную работу согласно тогдашнему порядку. Поэтому, хотя изданные<br />
собором законы, в основном, принадлежат к сфере гражданского права, но по определению<br />
самого собора, в них даны “судебные дела” и церковные. Их относили к сфере церковного<br />
права. Изданное этим собором право “Дзеглис дадеба” состоит из введения и 46 статей, из них
несколько церковных. Как видно из изданного этим собором Памятника права, собор по своему<br />
составу представлял собой заседание государственного дарбази.<br />
3. Чулевский законодательный собор (1381-1386). Собор рассмотрел и полностью утвердил<br />
право, составленное 70-80 годами раньше Бекой мандатуртухуцесом, к которому приложил 33<br />
статьи, ныне известные под именем Агбуга атабагамирспасалара. Вместе с тем, к отмеченным<br />
законам (Беки и Агбуга) собор приложил издревле существующие т.н. статьи “Права Баграта<br />
Курапалата”. А окончательно собор к книгам отмеченного права приложил свой, составленный<br />
самим Чулевским церковным собором т.н. “10 статей канонического права”. Этим в Чулеви был<br />
составлен новый сборник права, который состоял из 170 статей. На статьи сборник был разделен<br />
в дальнейшем. И Чулевский собор по своему составу представлял собой: заседание<br />
государственного (правительственного) дарбази. До сих пор считалось, что окончательную<br />
форму известный сборник “Право Беки-Агбуга” получил в XVII-XVIII вв. Согласно нашему<br />
исследованию эту работу выполнил Чулевский собор.<br />
4. Приблизительно в 1470-1474 годах состоялся т.н. “Цаиш-Бедийский церковный собор”. В<br />
отмеченные годы приехавший в Западную Грузию патриарх Антиохии Михаил попытался<br />
“уничтожить свободу грузинской церкви, завоеванную вековой борьбой лучших сыновей<br />
грузинского народа”, но, как было нами исследовано, ему это не удалось. Изданное право<br />
перечисляет, в основном, необходимые меры по искоренению морального падения пастви и<br />
включает 43 статьи.<br />
5. Около 1543-1549 годах, как видно, в Пицунде состоялся церковный собор, который издал<br />
памятник права “Право католикосов”. Это право отражает тогдашнюю действительность,<br />
направлено против “продажи человека”, расхитителей церковного имущества, нарушителей<br />
церковных законов и христианской морали, составляет нормы для епсикопов, судит изменников<br />
царя и страны. “Право католикосов” было действующим законом во всей Грузии. Включает 22<br />
статьи. В соборе, наряду с епископами Западной Грузии, принимали участие католикоспатриарх<br />
Грузии Малакия и католикос Абхазети Эвдемон.<br />
6. В 1702 году был созван церковный собор, который издал памятник права “Решение по<br />
поводу монастырского порядка”. Правда, это “Решение... “ было изданои конкретно для<br />
упорядочения монастырской жизни Давид-Гареджа, но оно имело общецерковное значение для<br />
монастырей всей Грузии. Включает всего 6 статей.<br />
7. Вахтанг VI собрал все правовые книги, которые в течение долгого времени считались<br />
утерянными. Все это он сумел собрать в результате огромного труда. Вахтанг VI создал<br />
известный сборник правовых книг и его творческая работа была утверждена церковным<br />
собором состоявшим из католикоса и епископов. Наряду с высшей духовной иерархией, на<br />
соборе, как на заседании государственного дарбази, присутствовала знать. Вахтангу необходимо<br />
было “подтверждение и разрешение” отмеченного собора, состоявшего в 1706-1709 годах,<br />
чтобы “Право Вахтанга” в стране задействовало. Из изданного права мы выбрали несколько<br />
статей, имеющих для церкви значение и внесли их в этот наш труд.<br />
8. В годы правления мусульман (1632-1744) в Восточной Грузии социально и экономически<br />
обессилела грузинская церковь и вообще была поколеблена частота христианской<br />
нравственности. Поэтому после вошествия на царский престол Теймураза I - христианского<br />
царя, Православная Церковь восстановила свои права. С целью быстрейшего исправления дела<br />
католикос Антон I несколько лет подготавливал и в 1748 году созвал Собор, который мы<br />
назвали “Тбилисским III церковным собором” (Тбилисские I и I I соборы состоялись в XII веке<br />
и они не издали законы). Собор 1748 года издал памятник права, который назвал “Канони”.<br />
Состоит из 27 статей.<br />
9. В 1759 году имеретинский царь Соломон I созвал церковный собор, который по своему<br />
составу представлял заседание государственного дарбази. Наряду с высшей иерархией церкви и<br />
епископатом, в соборе приняли участие царь и мтавары (правители) Западной Грузии. Собор
запретил продажу пленных, восстановил епископские кафедры, вернул церкви отнятые<br />
владения, освободил от налогов церковных крепостных, запретил гражданским властям<br />
вмешиваться в церковные владения, издал памятник права “Хелитцерили”, которое строжайше<br />
запрещает продажу пленных, содержит призыв к борьбе против мусульманских агрессоров,<br />
обязывает своих граждан соответственно оказывать уважение “преданным вере и царю”.<br />
10. Во II половине XVIII в. после восстановления национально-христианской<br />
государственности Церковные Соборы вновь вернули права, ущемленные во время<br />
мусульманского правления и, издали соответствующие постановления нравственного<br />
содержания. В 1762 году были изданы “Постановления Церковного Собора о руководстве<br />
епископствами (епархиями), в 1768 году было издано “Определение” царя Ираклия II и Антона I<br />
в отношение епископов: “Заповедь для священников”. Она включает 35 статей. В 1777 году<br />
католикос Абхазети Максимэ издал указание в отношение своей паствы, которое состоит из 10<br />
статей, в 1793 году было издано “Определение законов для грешников” Антона II, которое<br />
включает 10 статей.<br />
11-15. В труде рассмотрены «Положениz о правлении», изданные законодательными<br />
соборами в период после восстановления автокефалии Грузинской церкви (1917, 1920, 1927,<br />
1937, (1945), 1995 г.г.).<br />
К этому времени, Грузия уже потеряла государственную независимость, государственный<br />
строй был атеистического направления, церковь была выделена из государства<br />
законодательством, а школа – из церкви. Действительно, все законодательные акты церковных<br />
соборов ХХ века показывают, что в этот период, Грузинская церковь уже потеряла все признаки<br />
государственного органа, ее право было полностью отделено от государственного права. Если в<br />
прошлом, до ХIХ века, юрисдикция церковного права отчасти распространялась и на<br />
гражданские дела, то сейчас, в вышеуказанных положениях нет никаких признаков этого и<br />
церковное право уже становится похожим на право отделенной от общества организации,<br />
которая занята только урегулированием внутренних правил, а не правом всего государства и<br />
нации. Если учесть, что в вышеотмеченный период в Грузии действовали до 50-ти церквей, а<br />
грузинскую церковь отделяла от нации сильнейшая государственная система, то положение,<br />
созданное в ХХ веке, становится очевидным. Как отмечалось выше, в этой связи, положение<br />
церковного права IV-XVIII веков, было абсолютно иным.<br />
Основной вывод<br />
Из-за частоты и глубины преступлений, вызванных тяжелыми внешними и внутренними<br />
обстоятельствами, для искоренения которых гражданская власть (т.е. власть царя и эриставов)<br />
была недостаточной, возникла необходимость применения авторитета церкви и ее действенное<br />
вмешательство, что отразилось в памятниках права. Из-за повышения роли церкви в<br />
государстве, ряд вопросов государственного права и гражданского бытия регулировались<br />
нормами канонического права и входили в компетенцию церковных судов.<br />
(Об юрисдикции каталикоса по всей стране и епископов в регионах можно судить на<br />
примере Ацкурского епископа: суду Ацкурского епископа подчинялись целый ряд важных<br />
уголовных и гражданских дел. Епископ вместе с Атабагом осуществлял верховную судебную<br />
власть, в его компетенцию входили также и крупные государственные преступления. Власти<br />
Атабага и Епископа Ацкурского суда были объединены и имели смешанный характер в<br />
уголовных делах. Вместе с тем, церковью регулировались гражданские, семейные и<br />
наследственные отношения).<br />
Грузинская Церковь с самого же начала приобрела черты государственной единицы и<br />
поэтому ее правовая сторона была связана с государственным правом. Как правило (кроме<br />
нескольких важных исключений), в Грузии Церковный Собор представлял собой заседание<br />
государственного дарбази. В частности, во время разбора или обсуждения церковных вопросов,
государственный дарбази превращался в церковный собор. Этому способствовало то<br />
обстоятельство, что руководители государственного дарбази - духовные лица - являлись<br />
первыми лицами государства - два католикоса (т.е. каталикосы Картли и Абхазети),<br />
мцигнобартухуцеси-чкондидели и модзгварт-модзгвари, а значительную часть членов дарбази<br />
представляли епископы и другие духовные лица. Собору с таким составом (т.е. с участием<br />
духовных и гражданских лиц) присваивалось право (при участии или по приказу царя) решения<br />
церковных вопросов, т.е. дарбази (“дарбазис кари”), как церковный собор, принимал и издавал<br />
соответствующие церковные законы и постановления, которые относились не только к сфере<br />
церковного, но и гражданского права и выражали единство гражданской и духовной власти.<br />
METROPOLIT ANANIA JAPARIDZE<br />
CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA<br />
Basic Conclusion<br />
Due to a frequency and a depth of crimes caused by heavy foreign and internal circumstances, for<br />
rooting out of which the state power (i.e. the powers of the King and of the nobility) seemed to be<br />
insufficient, to exercise the Church’s authority and its effective involvement has become necessary,<br />
that was reflected in the juristic science. Owing to an increased role of the Church in the State’s affairs<br />
number of issues related to the State Law and the everyday civilian life were regulated by norms of the<br />
canonic law, within the limits of competence of the Church Courts.<br />
(To make a clear idea about the powers of the Catholicos throughout the country and of the<br />
bishops in the region we may consider an example of the Atskuri Bishop: A large number of important<br />
criminal and civil cases were subordinated to the competence of the Court of the Atskuri Bishop, who<br />
had exercised the supreme legal powers together with Atabagi. His limits of authority covered also the<br />
major state crimes. The powers of Atabagi and of the Atskuri Bishop were integrated and had a<br />
certainly mixed nature as regards to the criminal cases. At the same time the Church regulated the civil,<br />
family and heritage-related matters).<br />
The Georgian Church from the very beginning obtained the features of a state establishment.<br />
Therefore, its legal aspects were closely connected with the State Law. As a rule (not taking into<br />
account some major exceptions), the Church Synod (Council) in Georgia represented a State Darbazi<br />
(The State Council Sitting). For instance, while considering or discussing on the church-related matters,<br />
the State Darbazi was transforming into the Church Synod. This was promoted by the fact that the<br />
leaders of the State Darbazi – the clergy – were the top officials of the State: two catholicoses:<br />
Catholicos of Kartli and Catholicos of Abkhazeti, Mtsignobartukhutsesi-Tchkondideli and head of<br />
Bishops, while the significant part of the Darbazi members were the bishops and the other priest. The<br />
Synod of such the membership (with participation of both civil and church officials) was empowered<br />
(with a participation or by an order of the King) to resolve the church related matters, i.e. the Darbazi<br />
as the Church Synod adopted and issued the Church Laws and Orders, belonging not only to the<br />
Church sphere, but to the Civil Law, too and expressing the integrity of the State and Church Powers.<br />
Sinaarsi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebi IV-XVIII saukuneebSi 5<br />
1. Sesavali, gamokvlevis sagani, problemis Seswavlis mdgomareoba, sakiTxis<br />
istoriografia 5
nawili I. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi 88<br />
Tavi I 89<br />
1. msoflio saeklesio krebebi da maTi kanonebi 91<br />
2. adgilobrivi krebebis kanonebi 96<br />
3. wmida mamaTa kanonebi 96<br />
4. kanonikuri krebulebi 98<br />
5. nomokanonebi 100<br />
6. kanonTa ganmartebani, aristine, zonara, balsamoni 101<br />
Tavi II 103<br />
1. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis pirveli<br />
qarTuli Targmanebi 103<br />
2. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VI-VII<br />
saukuneebSi 106<br />
3. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VIII-IX<br />
saukuneebSi 108<br />
4. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi X-XI<br />
saukuneebSi 110<br />
5. wm. fotis nomokanonis anu didi sjuliskanonis<br />
qarTuli Targmanebi 116<br />
6. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi<br />
XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi 119<br />
7. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi<br />
XX s. II naxevarSi 124<br />
Tavi III 126<br />
1. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio samarTlis<br />
wyaroebi I-V ss-Si 126<br />
2. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi dvinis krebidan<br />
ruis-urbnisis krebamde (VI-XI) 174<br />
3. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi ruis-urbnisis<br />
krebis Semdeg (XII-XVIII) 190<br />
4. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebis<br />
periodebSi 197<br />
5. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi XVIII s.<br />
II naxevarSi 203<br />
6. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebisas 204<br />
7. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg 210<br />
nawili II<br />
Tavi I. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis sakanonmdeblo krebebi 213<br />
1. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis `Zegliswera~ 214<br />
ruis-urbnisis krebis kanonebi [teqsti] 222<br />
2. sakanonmdeblo kreba giorgi brwyinvales
dros (1335) 241<br />
`Zeglis dadeba~ [amokrebili muxlebi] 243<br />
3. Wulevis sakanonmdeblo krebis `kanonikuri<br />
samarTali~ (1381-1386) 245<br />
[teqsti, amokrebili muxlebi]<br />
4. caiS-bediis Sekrebis `mcnebaБ sasjulo~ (1470-1474) 256<br />
[sruli teqsti]<br />
5. biWvinTis saeklesio krebis (1543-1549) samarTali 276<br />
[samarTali kaTalikosTa sruli teqsti]<br />
6. daviT-garejas saeklesio krebis `ganCineba~ (1702) 285<br />
[teqsti]<br />
7. sakanonmdeblo Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is karze 290<br />
[samarTali batoniSvilis vaxtangisa, amokrebili muxlebi]<br />
8. Tbilisis III saeklesio krebis `kanonni~ (1748) 310<br />
[sruli teqsti]<br />
9. imereTis saeklesio krebis `xeliTwerili~ (1759) 322<br />
[teqstis aRdgenili nawili]<br />
10. 1762, 1768, 1793 ww. krebaTa dadgenilebani<br />
saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb, mcnebani<br />
episkoposTa da mRvdelTa mimarT 327<br />
[teqstebi]<br />
11. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> I saeklesio krebis (9-17.09.1917) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~<br />
339<br />
[`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba,<br />
debuleba, teqsti]<br />
12. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> II saeklesio krebis (27.06.1920) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~<br />
353<br />
[`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba,<br />
debuleba, teqsti]<br />
13. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> IV saeklesio krebis (21-27.06.1927) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~<br />
368<br />
[`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba,<br />
debuleba, teqsti]<br />
14. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> VIII saeklesio krebis saxeliT (1937) gamocemuli `debuleba~<br />
381<br />
[`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba,<br />
debuleba, teqsti]<br />
15. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis XIII gafarToebuli krebis<br />
mier gamocemuli `debuleba~, (18-19.09.1995) 390<br />
[`<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba,<br />
debuleba, teqsti]<br />
daskvna 410<br />
МИТРОПОЛИТ АНАНИЯ ДЖАПАРИДЗЕ<br />
ЦЕРКОВНЫЕ СОБОРЫ ГРУЗИИ 421
METROPOLITAN ANANIA JAPARIDZE<br />
CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA<br />
BASIC CONCLUSION 426<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>sapatriarqos</strong> <strong>manglis</strong>-<strong>walkis</strong> <strong>eparqia</strong><br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> teqnikuri universitetis Teologiis kaTedra<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saeklesio krebebis I tomis dasasruli
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