ARKIV, DEMOKRATI OG RETTFERD - Norsk kulturråd

Awareness office to devise
a system whereby personal
information about individuals
could be compiled,
maintained and manipulated
electronically. TIA claimed
that it was building and testing
such a system to track
terrorists. In September 2003,
Congress removed funding
from TIA, thereby shutting it
down. This was a pilot project
whose name, when challenged
by Democrats and the press,
was changed to the Terrorism
Information Awareness
program, to convince people
that it was part of the War on
Terror, and not on domestic
spying. In February 2006, the
National Journal reported that
TIA was never entirely shut
down. Parts of it were moved
to the National Security
Agency. 13
• In February 2006, the Christian
Science Monitor published
an article titled «US
Plans Massive Data Sweep.»
In this article, reporter Mark
Clayton discussed a program
called «Analysis, Dissemination,
Visualization, Insight
and Semantic Enhancement,»
which goes by the acronym
arkiv, demokrati og rettferd
ADVISE. This program, still
under construction, will collect
online information on
individuals and cross-reference
it against US intelligence
and law enforcement records.
ADVISE is located within the
new Department of Homeland
Security. 14
• In August 2003, the Transportation
Security Administration
(TSA) began to develop
a «Computer Assisted Passenger
Pre-Screening System,»
known as CAPPS II, that
initially would screen passengers
in order to spot terrorists
boarding airplanes. However
the program was expanded to
combine travel data with data
from commercial databases
and to keep personal information
records on all travelers
whether they are suspected
terrorists or not. In August
2004, CAPPS II was shut
down after privacy advocates
complained of ‘mission creep.’
(A successor program called
Secure Flight is seen to be less
invasive.) In July 2005, the
Government Accountability
Office reported that TSA had
violated privacy laws by creating
the CAPPS II database. 15
• Since 2002, the Department
of Defence has been building
a database of 30 million young
people between the ages of
16 and 25, combining names
with Social Security numbers,
grade point averages, email
addresses and telephone numbers,
and more recently ethnicity
codes have been added.
The purpose of the database
is to allow the Pentagon to
directly contact potential military
recruits. 16
• Following the attacks of September
11, 2001, George W.
Bush ordered the National
Security Agency (NSA) to
begin secretly monitoring
domestic communications
with international persons
or entities. 17 This program
circumvented a law passed
in 1978 that stipulated that
spying on American citizens
must be cleared by a special
court. 18 The New York Times
reported on this program in
December 2005 – even though
it had compiled the story in
2004 – and great public debate
ensued that remains ongoing. 19
The administration claims that
the program is narrow and
only looks at telephone calls