VOJAÅ KA ZGODOVINA MILITARY HISTORY - Amis.net

Mobiliziranci v italijansko vojsko(1927–1943)Menil sem, da je bila vojaška prisega slovenskihmobilizirancev v italijansko vojsko v obdobju1927–1943 precej različna, odvisna odnarodnosti posameznih vojakov, posebno še,ker je šlo za imperialno vojsko (agresija na Etiopijo,Albanijo, Jugoslavijo itn.), vendar smo izzgodovinske pisarne oddelka za splošne zadeveVrhovnega vojaškega poveljstva v Rimu, sposredovanjem prof. dr. Jožeta Pirjevca, januarja2008 dobili (Knjiga I., Disciplinske obveznosti– Generalne obveznosti vsakega vojaka,Vojaška prisega) skoraj enaka besedila iz trehrazličnih obdobij leta 1873, 1942 in 1952 (brezomembe kralja), ki se v italijanščini glasijo:»Giuro d'èssere fedele al Re ed ai suoi Realisuccessori, di osservare lealmente lo Statuto ele altre leggi dello Stato, e di adempire tuttii doveri del mio stato, al solo scopo del beneinseparabile del Re e della Patria.«Prevod v slovenščino je takšen:»Prisegam, da bom zvest kralju in njegovimnaslednikom, da bom pošteno izvrševal odredbeustave in drugih državnih zakonov in izpolnjevalvse obveznosti do moje države, z edinimnamenom zvesto služiti kralju in domovini.«Nezanesljive primorske rojake so pošiljali vdelavske bataljone ali pa v enote na kašnemotoku – številni so namreč preprosto dezertirali.Italijanskih mobilizirancev naj bi bilopribližno 70.000, številni od njih pa so v letih1941–1943 kot ujetniki zahodnih sil v Afrikiprestopili v NOV (prekomorske enote), del tudiv Jugoslovansko vojsko zunaj domovine. NekajPrimorcev se je po letu 1941 pridružilo tudigrškim in albanskim partizanom.V nasprotju z navadnimi vojaki, ki niso prisegalipred Bogom, so italijanski fašisti (odmladeži do posebnih enot – črnosrajčnikov)prisegali zvestobo svojemu ideološkemu vodjiduceju – Benitu Mussoliniju tudi pred Bogom,z besedami:»Nel nome d'Iddio e dell'Italia, giuro di eseguiregli ordini del Duce e di servire, con tutte lemie forze e, se è necessario, con mio sangue,lacausa della rivoluzione fascista«.English translation:“I, (name and surname), swear by God Almighty,to be always and in all circumstances loyal, deeplydevoted and obedient to the Supreme Commanderof the Armed Forces, King of Yugoslavia, Peter II;to heroically fight for the King and the homeland;to never and nowhere break the military oath; andto obey and faithfully fulfil all orders given by mysuperiors. So help me God!”As the Slovenian recruitment contingent numberedapproximately 7,000 soldiers annually, wemay assume that in the period from 1920 to 1941approximately 150,000 soldiers, up to 2,000 noncommissionedofficers and officers and 21 generals/admiralsserved in the Army of the Kingdom ofYugoslavia (VKJ).Soldiers mobilised to the Italian Army(1927–1943)I thought the military oath of the Slovenian soldiersmobilised to the Italian Army in the periodfrom 1927 to 1943, particularly with regard to thefact that this was an Imperial Army (aggression onEthiopia, Albania, Yugoslavia, etc.), would differaccording to the nationality of soldiers. However,in January 2008, with the help of Prof. Dr. JožePirjevec, I obtained almost identical texts (Book I,Disciplinary Requirements – General Responsibilitiesof Every Soldier, Military Oath) from three differentperiods (1873, 1942 and 1952 – the text from thelast period includes no mention of the King) from theSupreme Military Command, Department of GeneralAffairs, of the Historical Office in Rome. The texts inthe Italian language are worded as follows:“Giuro d’èssere fedele al Re ed ai suoi Reali successori,di osservare lealmente lo Statuto e le altre leggidello Stato, e di adempire tutti i doveri del mio stato,al solo scopo del bene inseparabile del Re e dellaPatria”.In the English language the content is the following:“I pledge loyalty to the King and his descendants. Iswear to dutifully implement constitutional ordersand other state laws and fulfil all obligations to mycountry, with the single intention of loyally servingthe King and the homeland.”Unreliable fellow countrymen from the Primorskaregion, many of whom simply deserted, were sent to144 • V O J A Š K A Z G O D O V I N A