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14. Szentendre – Római tábor
KÖH id. nr.: 11521
Ulcisia
Lajos Nagy and then Tibor Nagy
performed excavations in 1934-35, and then in
1939-40 and 1942 on this archaeological site
that was known of in the Middle Ages and
Modern era. After Sándor Soproni and Márta
H. Kelemen’s rescue excavations, the
investigations into the fort resumed under the
direction of Éva Maróti in 2001.
The fort had a ground area of 205×134 m.
During the first phase there were recessed
towers, and then these were replaced by Ushaped
wall towers and fan-shaped corner
towers. In addition to the praetorium building we
know details from two other interior buildings.
It was surrounded by a double ditch, and of its
four gateways, presumably three of them were
walled off with horseshoe shaped towers in the
later period.
There was probably a period when a camp
was constructed from palisades, and on the
basis of the earlier finds that have been
discovered this may have been erected in the 1 st
century. The first stone fort may have been
built during the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian
(98-138), and this was rebuilt after the
Marcomannic Wars (180). The horseshoe
shaped wall towers and fan shaped corner
towers may have been constructed sometime
after 270 or during the time of Constantine
(306-337). The gateways may have been walled
off during the reign of Valentinian (364-375).
The fort was probably still being used even in
the 5 th century.
The walls of the fort have not been
covered over again since the most recent
excavations, and the Ferenczy Museum in
Szentendre is planning their exhibition, but the
historic rehabilitation has not begun yet.
Boundaries of core and buffer zones:
The core zone is the presently known extent of
the camp, including and extending along the
borders of the properties encompassing the
ditches. It only differs from the property
boundaries at the roads. The border of the
buffer zone to the east and west supplements
the core zone up to the property boundaries of
40
the present day roads. We do not know of the
extent of the settlement that developed around
the fort. It may have been to the south of the
fort for the most part, and therefore the
designation of the buffer zone was not
determined by it.
Bibliography:
NAGY T. 1942, 261-285.
SOPRONI 1978, 68-71.
TÓTH 2006, 27-31.
33. The southern gateway covered by temporary winter
protection (Photo: Gábor Rákóczi)
34. The most recent excavations brought the fort’s
western side to the surface once again
(Photo: Gábor Rákóczi)
35. The ground plan of the fort (Digitalization: PTE)