Programm - MEDICE.CH - Salmon Pharma

23
Do, 28. 11. 2013
17.15 – 18.15 Uhr a Saal 3
EUD Future of psychiatric services
in the 21 st century
Vorsitz: Iris Hauth (Berlin)
Meryam Schouler-Ocak (Berlin)
Referent: Dinesh Bhugra (London,
Vereinigtes Königreich)
Psychiatry is medical speciality with broader imperatives of
biological, psychological and social factors and is strongly influenced
by how society sees deviance. Psychiatrists are generally
expected to carry out risk assessments and risk management
of their patients to keep the society safe. Social, economic and
political changes in the society strongly influence resources,
potential scientific advances and delivery of mental health care
services. In addition social and economic changes in the 21 st century
related to globalisation, migration, urbanisation and industrialisation
bring about a number of demographic changes with
perhaps an increase in rates of certain psychiatric disorders and
increasing burden. Other developments in the 21 st century which
will influence clinical practice as well as help seeking include
psychopharmacogenomics and newer treatments such as web
based psychotherapies i.e. treatments without therapists and
social media. Stigma towards mental illness, mentally ill and
mental health professionals and discrimination against mentally
ill continues though there are some early signs of shift towards
slightly positive attitudes. Shortage of trained professionals and
increasing demand will challenge the ways in which services are
planned and delivered. Younger generations learn in different
ways and will also have different attitudes to work-life balance
thereby affecting health care planning and delivery. The patients
are more aware of their conditions and treatments relative thus
bringing about changes in the doctor-patient relationship. Services
in community and public mental health agenda and quality
improvement add other dimensions which need to be addressed.
BESONDERE VERANSTALTUNGEN
Fr, 29. 11. 2013
09.00 – 10.00 Uhr a Saal 2
EUD Mental disorders and their
care through history in Egypt
Vorsitz: Wolfgang Maier (Bonn)
Peter Falkai (München)
Referent: Tarek A. Okasha (Kairo, Ägypten)
In Ancient Pharaonic Egypt, 5000 years ago, mental disorders
were cared for, treated and never stigmatized. The origin of the
word Egypt will be discussed as in Arabic it is called "MISR" and
in the Old Testament it is "Mitstrain".
The salient points about Ancient Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
related to medicine and psychiatry will be clarified as well as
some Pharaonic habits at that time. There is no known physician's
title in the Pharaonic times suggesting specialization in mental
disorders. However, the heart and mind meant the same thing,
so all mental disorders were described in the book of the heart
“Eber's papyrus”, and hysteria was described in “Kahoun's papyrus”
dealing with the uterus long before Hippocrates.
There was no difference between Soma and Psyche as mental
disorders were treated as physical ones, so there was no stigma
because of mental illness. Treatment mainly took the forms of
purification, baths, sleep using herbs and dream interpretation
according to the mystical beliefs at that time. The presentation
will allude to the book of dreams and negative confessions regarding
the typology of sins during that time. This will be followed
by mental illnesses in the Islamic era (591 A.D.) reviewing the
approach and concept of mental illness in Islam. The psyche (EL-
NAFS) was mentioned 185 times in the Koran. The first mental
hospital was built in Baghdad 705 A.D. then in Cairo 800 A.D.
Following the Arab and Islamic influence in Spain, the first mental
hospitals in Europe was in Seville 1409, Saragossa and Valencia
1410, Barcelona 1412 then Toledo 1483. The 14th century
Kalawoun hospital in Cairo had 4 medical branches; medicine,
ophthalmology, surgery and mental disorders, 600 years before
Europe had any psychiatric departments in a general hospitals.
The influence of Arab clinicians such as Rhazez, Avicenna and
their textbooks translated to Latin were taught in Europe until
the 17th century.
The Pharaonic medicine influenced the Greek medicine and the
Arab medicine influenced the European medicine. This presentation
will try and take you on a journey of mental health and care
over the past 5000 years.