KWK-Ausbau: Entwicklung, Prognose, Wirksamkeit der ... - BMU

Öko-Institut / IZES / Dr. ZiesingKWK-Ausbauof CHP power generation. Further direct support of CHP is provided by the EU EnergyEfficiency Directive and micro-CHP investment support. Indirect promotion is also providedby the EU Emissions trading Scheme (EU ETS), energy and electricity taxes, theGerman Electricity Network Fee Regulation Ordinance (StromNev), the German EnergySavings Ordinance (EnEV), the German Renewable Energy Heat Act (EEWärmeG),the Market Incentive Programme (MAP), the EU Ecodesign Directive and energy labellingsuch as the "Blue Angel" (Blauer Engel) eco-label.The derived recommendations for action are based on the fact that role of CHP willchange and has to change in the energy system undergoing transformation with anincreasing share of renewable energies. The CO 2 benefit of fossil CHP plants decreasesfrom year to year while power generation based on renewable energies increases.In turn, however, the provision of residual load from fossil CHP plants will increase inthe future. Therefore CHP plants should offer increased opportunity for flexible dispatchin the near future in order to make positive and negative reserve capacity available. Forthis reason it is necessary for CHP plants to be incorporated in a heat systems network(heat storage, grids and solar thermal collectors). Given the low differences of the electricityprices on the power market, targeted support for capacity – in addition to thesupport of combined heat and power generation – should be considered.The interim examination due in 2014 will determine whether the German CHP Act isappropriately contributing to fulfillment of the CHP target. In the recommendations foraction provided in this report, some additional aspects are suggested which should beconsidered in more detail; these include the financial situation of the different segmentsof CHP use and the efficiency of CHP plants, also in the context of the high efficiencycriterion. An analysis of whether the German CHP Act in its current form already appropriatelycomplements the development of the new role for CHP should also be conducted,as well as an examination of what role biogenic CHP will play. An annual, detailedcollection of data on CHP electricity and heat generation is regarded as necessaryin pursuing the targeted CHP development.At the moment (December 2012) too little time has passed to be able to estimate orassess the effects of the amendment of the German CHP Act in 2012.28