INTEGRATED ENGLISH REFERENCE NOTES - Prof. Dr. Ziya Yurttaş
INTEGRATED ENGLISH REFERENCE NOTES - Prof. Dr. Ziya Yurttaş
INTEGRATED ENGLISH REFERENCE NOTES - Prof. Dr. Ziya Yurttaş
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Turkey<br />
Geography<br />
� Turkey is located between two Continents, Asia and Europe.<br />
� The area of Turkey is about 780.000 km 2 (... square kilometers)<br />
53<br />
� Turkey has well defined borders on all sides.<br />
� Turkey is surrounded by the sea on three sides. The Black Sea is in the north,<br />
Aegean Sea is in the west and the Mediterranean Sea is in the south.<br />
� The mountains along the coast are covered with forests whereas the mountains of<br />
Central Anatolia is mainly bare.<br />
� Due to the differences in climate and the formation of the terrain, Anatolia is<br />
divided into a variety of agricultural regions.<br />
History<br />
� For many thousands of years, because of its unique geographical position, Turkey<br />
has been the cradle of many civilizations and the scene of many historical events.<br />
� Anatolia was captured and ruled by many nations, including Ionians, Persians,<br />
Romans, Arabs, and Turks.<br />
� It is not for nothing that Turkey is called as the "cradle of civilization"...<br />
Economy<br />
� The economy of Turkey is based on free market system.<br />
� Monetary unit in Turkey is Turkish Lira. Per capita income in Turkey is about $5.000.<br />
� Turkey is among a few nations in the world that are self- sufficient in food<br />
production. In fact, if used efficiently, agricultural land in Turkey is sufficient to<br />
feed the people many times over.<br />
� If it weren’t for the waste and mismanagement in the government in the past 20<br />
years, the per capita income would have more than doubled now.<br />
Social and Cultural Structure<br />
� The population of Turkey is about 70 million which constitutes approximately % 1<br />
(one per cent) of the world's population.<br />
� 30 % of the population lives in rural areas in Turkey.<br />
� Turkey can be considered as a land of contrasts in some ways. For example, some<br />
people still live a traditional life while some have adopted a modern way of life.<br />
� There is a big gap between the distribution of income both among the individuals<br />
and the regions. These disparities need to be mitigated.<br />
Politics<br />
� Political parties based on religion, race or class is outlawed in Turkey.<br />
� Turkey is a country to be reckoned with.
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