utilizing physical layer information to improve rfid tag

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Limitations of the present protocol enable acknowledgement of only a single tag in a slot. Thus even if the two colliding RN16s are correctly decoded, only one of them can proceed with the identification process. This thesis suggests a modification to the present protocol and estimates the performance improvement possible. The effect of a bias in the random number generator of an RFID chip is analyzed by running a simulation. Performance of random number generators of some standard tags is evaluated by using statistical methods. 4
2.1 RFID Reader CHAPTER 2 PASSIVE UHF RFID SYSTEMS Figure 2.1. RFID system setup. UHF RFID systems use the EPC Class 1 Gen. 2 protocol which is a reader talks first protocol. The reader therefore controls the entire identification process and so is an important component of the system. It is the readers job to power up the tags by sending a carrier wave whose frequency lies in the ISM band. RFID readers amplitude shift keying or phase shift keying. Readers energize the tags in their field and identify them by starting an inventory round. Upon successful completion of the round the reader has a list of the EPC ids of each tag. This EPC is a unique 96-bit number which identifies every tag. The reader then sends this information to the middleware which retrieves the product information from a central database. 5
Page 1 and 2: UTILIZING PHYSICAL LAYER INFORMATIO
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My first encounter
Page 5 and 6: This thesis proposes a method of us
Page 7 and 8: 5.3 Signal separation . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: 6.7 Strong and weak tag collision w
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Radio-Freque
Page 13: and signal absorption or reflection
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2.2. Alien Squiggle Tag. Fig
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 3 ISO 18000-6C PROTOCOL The
Page 21 and 22: eply immediately. Tags that pick a
Page 23 and 24: identification times even if the nu
Page 25 and 26: difficult problem as field nulls ar
Page 27 and 28: Figure 5.1. Passive tag structure.
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5.4. Software defined radio.
Page 31 and 32: Figure 5.7. I-Q plot. Figure 5.8. 2
Page 33 and 34: 6.1 Tag estimation from collision C
Page 35 and 36: Figure 6.3. 4 tag collision. tags i
Page 37 and 38: 2. Anti-collision with enhanced tag
Page 39 and 40: Table 6.4. Results for enhanced ant
Page 41 and 42: Figure 6.8. Strong and weak tag col
Page 43 and 44: Figure 6.10. Random number distribu
Page 45 and 46: Figure 6.13. Squiggle tag. Figure 6
Page 47 and 48: Figure 6.17. Gaussian PDFs used for
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 7 USRP SYSTEM A software-de
Page 51 and 52: 7.2 Software GNU Radio is a free so
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WO
Page 55 and 56: probabilty distribution. Thus there
Page 57 and 58: tions. This section contains the th
Page 59 and 60: A.1.2 Algortihm A (Reference Algori
Page 61 and 62: end end 51
Page 63 and 64: A.2.2 Inventory Round Simulation %R
Page 65 and 66:
A.2.3 Predicting Number of Tags %Ru
Page 67 and 68:
REFERENCES [1] EPCglobal, “Uhf cl
Page 69 and 70:
[21] K. Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook
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