utilizing physical layer information to improve rfid tag

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2.1 RFID system setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Alien Squiggle Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 Avery Dennison Bow-Tie Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1 Slot count (Q) selection algorithm [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2 Inventory sequence [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3 Tag to reader data encoding [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.1 Two functioned estimation algorithm [2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.1 Passive tag structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.2 RCS states in tag waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.3 Conventional radio receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.4 Software defined radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.5 Digital down converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.6 RN16 waveform of tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.7 I-Q plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.8 2 tag collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.1 RN16 signal I-Q plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.2 3 tag collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 6.3 4 tag collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 6.4 Overlapping RCS states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 6.5 Collision detection accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 6.6 Performance comparison for the 4 algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 viii
6.7 Strong and weak tag collision waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.8 Strong and weak tag collision I-Q plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6.9 Random number distribution for tags A and B . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6.10 Random number distribution for tag C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6.11 Bow-tie tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.12 Excalibur tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.13 Squiggle tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.14 Texas instruments tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.15 Probablity distribution functions used for simulation . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.16 Performance using different PDFs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.17 Gaussian PDFs used for simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.18 Performance using different Gaussian PDFs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.1 USRP motherboard with RFX900 transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 7.2 USRP and GNU Radio block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 ix
Page 1 and 2: UTILIZING PHYSICAL LAYER INFORMATIO
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My first encounter
Page 5 and 6: This thesis proposes a method of us
Page 7: 5.3 Signal separation . . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Radio-Freque
Page 13 and 14: and signal absorption or reflection
Page 15 and 16: 2.1 RFID Reader CHAPTER 2 PASSIVE U
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2.2. Alien Squiggle Tag. Fig
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 3 ISO 18000-6C PROTOCOL The
Page 21 and 22: eply immediately. Tags that pick a
Page 23 and 24: identification times even if the nu
Page 25 and 26: difficult problem as field nulls ar
Page 27 and 28: Figure 5.1. Passive tag structure.
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5.4. Software defined radio.
Page 31 and 32: Figure 5.7. I-Q plot. Figure 5.8. 2
Page 33 and 34: 6.1 Tag estimation from collision C
Page 35 and 36: Figure 6.3. 4 tag collision. tags i
Page 37 and 38: 2. Anti-collision with enhanced tag
Page 39 and 40: Table 6.4. Results for enhanced ant
Page 41 and 42: Figure 6.8. Strong and weak tag col
Page 43 and 44: Figure 6.10. Random number distribu
Page 45 and 46: Figure 6.13. Squiggle tag. Figure 6
Page 47 and 48: Figure 6.17. Gaussian PDFs used for
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 7 USRP SYSTEM A software-de
Page 51 and 52: 7.2 Software GNU Radio is a free so
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WO
Page 55 and 56: probabilty distribution. Thus there
Page 57 and 58: tions. This section contains the th
Page 59 and 60:
A.1.2 Algortihm A (Reference Algori
Page 61 and 62:
end end 51
Page 63 and 64:
A.2.2 Inventory Round Simulation %R
Page 65 and 66:
A.2.3 Predicting Number of Tags %Ru
Page 67 and 68:
REFERENCES [1] EPCglobal, “Uhf cl
Page 69 and 70:
[21] K. Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook
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