utilizing physical layer information to improve rfid tag

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ABSTRACT UTILIZING PHYSICAL LAYER INFORMATION TO IMPROVE RFID TAG IDENTIFICATION Rushikesh Shree Khasgiwale, M.S. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2009 Supervising Professor: Stephen R. Gibbs, Ph.D. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems are designed for fast and accu- rate identification of multiple RFID tags. Their performance depends on the effective detection and resolution of communication collisions caused by the presence of multiple tags in the readers field. Present RFID protocols do not rely upon the received physical waveform obtained during a collision for either collision resolution or im- proved identification rate. This signal contains important information that is often ignored or otherwise discarded. In this thesis I analyze the physical layer information extracted from a collision waveform from the ISO-18000-6C protocol and identify potentially performance en- hancing information contained therein. Utilization of this information to increase the tag identification rate is examined and the effectiveness of these approaches is analyzed. We find that utilizing the information contained within the physical waveforms can improve the identification rate for ISO 18000-6C systems by as much as 21%. By modifying the protocol to explicitly take advantage of this waveform information, we estimate that another 10% identification rate improvement may be achieved. iv
This thesis proposes a method of using the physical layer signal from a collision to detect the existence of a weak tag in the presence of stronger tag to improve the reliability of the present protocol. The performance of random number generator on the chip and may be non-ideal leading to a non-uniform distribution. The effect of this deviation from the theoretical values and its effect on the performance of the protocol is analyzed by simulation. Output of the random number generator of some standard RFID tags is also evaluated. v
Page 1 and 2: UTILIZING PHYSICAL LAYER INFORMATIO
Page 3: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My first encounter
Page 7 and 8: 5.3 Signal separation . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: 6.7 Strong and weak tag collision w
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Radio-Freque
Page 13 and 14: and signal absorption or reflection
Page 15 and 16: 2.1 RFID Reader CHAPTER 2 PASSIVE U
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2.2. Alien Squiggle Tag. Fig
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 3 ISO 18000-6C PROTOCOL The
Page 21 and 22: eply immediately. Tags that pick a
Page 23 and 24: identification times even if the nu
Page 25 and 26: difficult problem as field nulls ar
Page 27 and 28: Figure 5.1. Passive tag structure.
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5.4. Software defined radio.
Page 31 and 32: Figure 5.7. I-Q plot. Figure 5.8. 2
Page 33 and 34: 6.1 Tag estimation from collision C
Page 35 and 36: Figure 6.3. 4 tag collision. tags i
Page 37 and 38: 2. Anti-collision with enhanced tag
Page 39 and 40: Table 6.4. Results for enhanced ant
Page 41 and 42: Figure 6.8. Strong and weak tag col
Page 43 and 44: Figure 6.10. Random number distribu
Page 45 and 46: Figure 6.13. Squiggle tag. Figure 6
Page 47 and 48: Figure 6.17. Gaussian PDFs used for
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 7 USRP SYSTEM A software-de
Page 51 and 52: 7.2 Software GNU Radio is a free so
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WO
Page 55 and 56:
probabilty distribution. Thus there
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tions. This section contains the th
Page 59 and 60:
A.1.2 Algortihm A (Reference Algori
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end end 51
Page 63 and 64:
A.2.2 Inventory Round Simulation %R
Page 65 and 66:
A.2.3 Predicting Number of Tags %Ru
Page 67 and 68:
REFERENCES [1] EPCglobal, “Uhf cl
Page 69 and 70:
[21] K. Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook
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