Legislative smoking bans for reducing secondhand smoke exposure ...

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$Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults (Review)$

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S HEADER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DATA AND ANALYSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHAT’S NEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CONTRIBUTIONS OF AUTHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DECLARATIONS OF INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SOURCES OF SUPPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROTOCOL AND REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legislative smoking bans for reducing secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption (Review) Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 1 1 2 2 4 4 5 10 11 12 12 22 63 123 125 125 125 125 126 126 i
[Intervention Review] Legislative smoking bans for reducing secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption Joanne E Callinan 1 , Anna Clarke 2 , Kirsten Doherty 3 , Cecily Kelleher 2 1 Milford Care Centre, Limerick, Ireland. 2 School of Public Health and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. 3 Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion, Education and Research Centre, Dublin 4, Ireland Contact address: Joanne E Callinan, Milford Care Centre, Plassey Park Road, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland. joanne_callinan@hotmail.com. Editorial group: Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group. Publication status and date: Edited (no change to conclusions), published in Issue 6, 2010. Review content assessed as up-to-date: 30 June 2009. Citation: Callinan JE, Clarke A, Doherty K, Kelleher C. Legislative smoking bans for reducing secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD005992. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005992.pub2. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Background A B S T R A C T Smoking bans have been implemented in a variety of settings, as well as being part of policy in many jurisdictions to protect the public and employees from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke (SHS). They also offer the potential to influence social norms and smoking behaviour of those populations they affect. Objectives To assess the extent to which legislation-based smoking bans or restrictions reduce exposure to SHS, help people who smoke to reduce tobacco consumption or lower smoking prevalence and affect the health of those in areas which have a ban or restriction in place. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Conference Paper Index, and reference lists and bibliographies of included studies. We also checked websites of various organisations. Date of most recent search; July 1st 2009. Selection criteria We considered studies that reported legislative smoking bans and restrictions affecting populations. The minimum standard was having a ban explicitly in the study and a minimum of six months follow up for measures of smoking behaviour. We included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies (i.e. non-randomized controlled studies), controlled before and after studies, interruptedtime series as defined by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group, and uncontrolled pre- and post-ban data. Data collection and analysis Characteristics and content of the interventions, participants, outcomes and methods of the included studies were extracted by one author and checked by a second. Because of heterogeneity in the design and content of the studies, we did not attempt a meta-analysis. We evaluated the studies using qualitative narrative synthesis. Legislative smoking bans for reducing secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption (Review) Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 1
Page 1: Legislative smoking bans for reduci
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Page 11 and 12: of borderline significance, (3.5%,
Page 13 and 14: was reduced, but there was no evide
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Page 17 and 18: Albers 2004 {published data only} A
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Page 23 and 24: ehaviour and cessation intentions.
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Page 29 and 30: Bondy 2009 Methods Country: Canada
Page 31 and 32: CDC 2007 Methods Country: USA Setti
Page 33 and 34: Eisner 1998 Methods Country: USA Se
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Vasselli 2008 (Continued) Outcomes
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(Continued) Borland 1992 Three cros
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(Continued) Tillgren 1998a Post-tes
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D A T A A N D A N A L Y S E S Compa
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Self-reported perceptions (Continue
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Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Results:
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Biomarkers of exposure (Continued)
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Measures of Active Smoking: Smoking
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Respiratory (Continued) Eisner 1998
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Respiratory (Continued) Goodman 200
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Respiratory (Continued) Menzies 200
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Respiratory (Continued) Lung functi
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Lung function (Continued) Larsson 2
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Sensory Analysis 3.3. Comparison 3
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Sensory (Continued) Larsson 2008 Co
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Sensory (Continued) 21%, p< 0.001.
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Hospital admission for acute corona
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