Fernández 2009 (Continued) more likely to be younger, of <strong>for</strong>eign origin and <strong>smoke</strong>rs whereas there was no difference in the control group. Interventions The legislation implemented on January 1st 2006 prohibits <strong>smoking</strong> in indoor workplaces but this doesn’t include bars and restaurants. For bars and restaurants less than 100 sq m, the proprietor can decide whether to ban <strong>smoking</strong> or not. For premises
Fong 2006 Methods Country: Ireland Setting: Representative sample of population in Ireland and the UK. Design: Quasi-experimental study, cohort study, pre and 8-9 months post- ban. Analysis: Generalised estimating equation models (GEE), McNemar’s test to conduct changes in proportions over time, t tests were conducted <strong>for</strong> difference in country means, and chi 2 tests were conducted <strong>for</strong> differences in country proportions. Analyses and descriptive statistics were weighted. Participants 1679 adult <strong>smoke</strong>rs from Ireland, n=1071, 70.9% co-operation rate. In the UK, n=608, 70.3% co-operation rate. Follow-up survey Ireland: 769. Follow-up survey U.K: 414. Follow up UK & Ireland: 1185, overall response rate: 70.6%. Female: 58.3% Ireland, 55.5% UK Age: Ireland 10.5% 18-24 yrs, 26.1% 25-39 yrs, 39.3% 40-54 yrs, 55+ 24.1yrs; UK 5.3% 18-24 yrs, 38.2% 25-39 yrs, 30.5% 40-54 yrs, 26% 55+yrs. Missing outcome data: No significant difference in baseline measures between non-respondents and those who responded at follow up on daily cigarette consumption, intention-to-quit, income level or gender. Significantly more non-respondents were younger (Mean yrs 36 vs 41.7, t= 7.31, P < 0.001) and less likely to be white (χ2=8.02, P = 0.005). Interventions Legislation implemented in the Republic of Ireland on March 29th 2004 banning <strong>smoking</strong> in indoor workplaces including bars and restaurants. Outcomes Self-reported <strong>smoking</strong> behaviour as defined by number of <strong>smoke</strong>rs who reported quitting. Self-reported <strong>exposure</strong> to SHS as measured by percentage who observed <strong>smoking</strong> in workplaces and public places such as pubs and bars, restaurants, public buses and shopping centres, home and private vehicles. Biochemical verification: No Notes Participants received incentive of £7 (UK) or EURO10 Ireland following each survey. Other outcomes reported were support <strong>for</strong> the ban and compliance with the ban; adapted from the International Tobacco Control Evaluation Survey. Fowkes 2008 Methods Country: Scotland Setting: Scottish population Design: Cohort study. Analysis: Comparison of <strong>smoke</strong>rs between June 2005-June 2006 and June 2006-June 2007. Chi-square tests to examine frequency of categorical variables by <strong>smoking</strong> status and Mann-Whitney U-test <strong>for</strong> continuous variables. Logistic regression using generalised equation models to analyse the association of different variables (gender, age, area of residency, baseline <strong>smoking</strong> characteristics) with the probability of quitting <strong>smoking</strong>. Participants Respondents were participants in a randomized controlled trial of low aspirin <strong>for</strong> the prevention of cardiovascular events and deaths. Participants did not have clinical cardiovascular disease but were at risk. They enrolled between 1998 - 2002 and were followed up annually. Recruited men and women aged 50-75 yrs in the trial. Baseline: 1087/3330 current <strong>smoke</strong>rs at baseline and 54 <strong>for</strong>mer <strong>smoke</strong>rs that resumed <strong>smoking</strong> during the study. Total <strong>smoke</strong>rs: 1141. Female: 66.7%, Mean age (SD): 60.9 (6.25), 13% most affluent category, 36% most deprived with remainder in other socioeconomic categories. Response rate: In June 2006-June 2007, 75.1% (474/631) of current <strong>smoke</strong>rs from previous yr responded. Did not differ significantly by age, gender, area of residence or affluence score from the baseline sample of <strong>smoke</strong>rs (n= 1087) . <strong>Legislative</strong> <strong>smoking</strong> <strong>bans</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>reducing</strong> <strong>secondhand</strong> <strong>smoke</strong> <strong>exposure</strong>, <strong>smoking</strong> prevalence and tobacco consumption (Review) Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 35
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