Legislative smoking bans for reducing secondhand smoke exposure ...

Ellingsen 2006 (Continued)
Outcomes Mean concentration of urinary cotinine as a measurement of nicotine intake before the smoking ban and between 4-8
months post-ban. The concentration of urinary nicotine was measured directly after the work shift and the following
morning (ug cotinine g −1 creatinine).
Biochemical verification: Yes; Exposure to SHS measured by urinary cotinine.
Notes Other outcomes include measurements of air quality such as airborne nicotine and total dust concentration in the
air.
Farrelly 2005
Methods Country: USA
Setting: Bars, restaurants and bowling facilities in New York
Design: Cohort study, Pre and post-ban tests. Analysis: Wilcoxon signed rank test for non-normally distributed
variables and t tests for normally distributed variables. McNemar’s χ 2 tests for dichotomous variables (such as
respiratory symptoms).
Participants Non-smoking employees of hospitality venues which allowed smoking at baseline.
Baseline: 104 eligible employees, 8 ineligible, 2 refused, 53/104 (62.9%) completed both questionnaire and saliva
sample ≤15 ng/ml at baseline.
47 employees at 3 months, 38 employees at 6 months and 29 employees completed both questionnaire and saliva
sample ≤15 ng/ml at 12 months.
Analysis = 24 employees who responded to all baseline and follow-up surveys and provided saliva samples. Age: 18
yrs or older, Male (95% CI): 29.2% (14.2% to 50.6%), White (95% CI): 95.8% (74.4% to 99.5%), Education
(95% CI)-High school diploma 50% (30.4% to 69.6%)
Missing outcome data: No significant differences in baseline demographics between all respondents at baseline and
those that did not respond at follow up.
Interventions Legislative ban on smoking in New York State which prohibits smoking in all workplaces including bars, restaurants,
bingo and bowling facilities.
Outcomes Self-reported exposure to SHS as defined by hrs of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Self-reported sensory symptoms such as irritated eyes, runny nose, sneezing, nose irritation, scratchy throat.
Self-reported respiratory symptoms such as wheezing/whistling in chest, shortness of breath, coughing in the morning,
during the day, in the night or bringing up any phlegm.
Biochemical verification: Yes, mean concentration of cotinine in saliva sample, sensitivity of 3 ng/ml at baseline,3
months, 6 months and 0.1 ng/ml at 12 months.
Cotinine values ≥15 ng/ml were considered active smokers and excluded from the analysis.
Notes Exemptions to the smoking ban include hotel rooms rented by one or more guests, existing cigar bars, retail tobacco
businesses and certain membership associations. Participants were offered monetary incentives for completing the
surveys and collecting the saliva samples. Recruitment for the study occurred through advertisements on television,
radio and flyers along with snowball sampling.
Legislative smoking bans for reducing secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption (Review)
Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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