Parasites of Fish from the Great Lakes - Great Lakes Fishery ...

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Fish Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses The values for parasite species-richness and number of fish species examined (in parentheses), regardless of parasite life-stage, for each of the five major fish families were Centrarchidae (13, 3), Catostomidae (15, 2), Cyprinidae (12, 4), Percidae (33, 4), and Salmonidae (27, 11). The correlation coefficient between parasite species-richness and number of fish species examined in each of the above five families was nonsignificant (rs = 0.307). Parasite species or a specific genus found only in centrarchids were adult digenetic trematodes (Caecinicola parvulus, Cryptogonimus chili), leeches (Piscicolaria sp.), and copepods (Achtheres ambloplitis, Ergasilus centrarchidarum). Parasites found only in cyprinids were protozoans (Myxobolus bartai, Myxobolus xiaoi, M. burti, Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp., Chloromyxum sp., Sphaerospora sp.) and adult digenetic trematodes (Centrovarium lobotes). Parasites found only in catostomids were adult digenetic trematodes (Lissorchis attenuatus), adult cestodes (Glaridacris catostomi), adult nematodes (Capillaria catostomi), and adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N. cylindratus, Octospinifer macilentus). Parasites found only in percids were protozoans (Henneguya doori, Myxobolus neurophilus, M. scleroperca), adult digenetic trematodes (Bunodera sacculata, Crepidostomum cooperi, Phyllodistomum superbum), larval digenetic trematodes (Apophallus sp., Clinostomum complanatum), monogeneans (Urocleidus adspectus), adult nematodes (Camallanus oxycephalus, Philometra cylindracea, Rhabdochona ovifilamenta), and larval/immature nematodes (Contracaecum sp., Dichelyne cotylophora, Eustrongylides tubifex, Raphidascaris acus). Parasites found only in salmonids were protozoans (Capriniana sp.), adult cestodes (Eubothrium crassum, E. salvelini, Proteocephalus exiguus), larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium oblongatum, Diphyllobothrium sp.), adult nematodes (Capillaria salvelini, Cystidicola farionis, Cystidicola sp.), immature nematodes (Haplonema hamulatum), leeches (Piscicola punctata, Placobdella parasitica), and copepods (Achtheres pimelodi, Ergasilus nerkae, Salmincola extensus, S. extumescens). The number and percentage of parasite species and distinct genera in each of the major parasite groups reported for each of the five parasitized fish families from Lake Michigan are in Table 6. The parasite taxa most common in each fish family were protozoans, specifically the myxozoans, in Cyprinidae, acanthocephalans in Catostomidae, digenetic trematodes and copepods in Centrarchidae, digenetic trematodes and nematodes in Percidae, and copepods, cestodes, and nematodes in Salmonidae. All helminth species reported from the cyprinids (5 species) and catostomids (13 species) are autogenic species. The numbers and percentages of autogenic and allogenic helminth species for the remaining families were Centrarchidae (10 species, 91%; 1 species, 9%), Percidae (21 species, 81%; 5 species, 19%), and Salmonidae (12 species, 92%; 1 species, 8%). 14
Jaccard Coefficients of Parasite Communities—Fish Families The fish families (and their species) involved in the calculations and comparisons of Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity were Centrarchidae (Ambloplites rupestris, Micropterus dolomieu, Lepomis gibbosus), Catostomidae (Catostomus catostomus, C. commersonii), Cyprinidae (Cyprinus carpio, Notropis delicatus (probably Notropis atherinoides), Notropis hudsonius, Pimephale notatus), Percidae (Etheostoma exile, E. nigrum, Perca flavescens, Percina caprodes), Salmonidae (Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C. johannae, C. nigripinnis, C. prognathus, Oncorhynchus kisutch, O. mykiss, O. tshawytscha, Salmo trutta, Salvelinus namaycush). Jaccard coefficients for these five fish families (Table 7) were all low (range 0.0256 to 0.2000) with the highest one between Percidae and Catostomidae (0.2000), followed by Percidae and Centrarchidae (0.1951). Also, fish in the Ictaluridae did not share any parasites with fish in the Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, and Salmonidae in Lake Michigan, further supporting that the parasite faunas of fish in these families are very different. The number of parasitic species of each major group found in two or more fish families (number of fish families in parentheses) were few and included adult digenetic trematodes— Crepidostomum (Stephanophiala?) farionis (2); adult cestodes—Eubothrium crassum (2), Cyathocephalus truncatus (3), Proteocephalus exiguus (2); larval cestodes—Eubothrium salvelini (3), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (2), Triaenophorus nodulosus (3); adult nematodes—Dichelyne cotylophora (3), Spinitectus gracilis (3); larval/immature nematodes—Philometra cylindracea (3); adult acanthocephalans—Acanthocephalus dirus (8), Echinorhynchus leidyi (3), Echinorhynchus salmonis (10), Leptorhynchoides thecatus (2), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (2) leeches-Piscicola milneri (2); and copepods—Ergasilus caeruleus (4), Ergasilus luciopercarum (3). Discussion Lake Michigan is located solely within the United States. It has a length and width of approximately 494 km and 190 km, respectively, with a surface area of approximately 57,800 km 2 and a mean depth of 85 m (maximum depth of 281 m) (Herdendorf, 1982). Water flows from Lake Michigan easterly into Lake Huron through the Straits of Mackinac. Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000) listed a total of 116 established fish species (species reproducing in the Great Lakes or in the lowest reaches of the tributaries) in Lake Michigan. A total of 44 (38%) fish species of the 116 established fish species and three locally extirpated species (Coregonus johannae, C. nigripinnis, and C. prognathus) in 19 families have had parasites reported from them. The number of fish species examined and not examined for parasites do not add up to 116 because fish species locally extirpated and some fish only identified to genus were included in this synopsis. Lake Michigan had the fewest number of studies on parasites of fish (41) among all the Great Lakes, and only 14 studies (34%) have been done since 1990. Most parasitological studies focused on the parasites of common species, such as Perca flavescens, Osmerus mordax, Coregonus spp., Oncorhynchus spp., Salvelinus 15
Page 1 and 2: Parasites of Fish from the Great La
Page 3 and 4: Parasites of Fish from the Great La
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents OVERVIEW ........
Page 7: PREFACE There has been no comprehen
Page 10 and 11: fish species examined and parasites
Page 12 and 13: changed, especially some monogenean
Page 14 and 15: Table 1, continued. Scientific name
Page 16 and 17: Table 1, continued. Scientific name
Page 18 and 19: most similar among fish or fish fam
Page 20 and 21: Nematodes Ten species of adult nema
Page 24 and 25: namaycush, and cyprinids. Of the 41
Page 26 and 27: suitable host and matures. We are n
Page 28 and 29: Table 2. Overall number, percentage
Page 30 and 31: Table 3, continued Myxozoa (Myxospo
Page 32 and 33: Table 3, continued. Myxobolus neuro
Page 34 and 35: Table 3, continued. Adult Digenea (
Page 36 and 37: Table 3, continued. Site of Infecti
Page 38 and 39: Table 3, continued. Strigeidae Rail
Page 40 and 41: Table 3, continued. Oncorhynchus ts
Page 42 and 43: Table 3, continued. Diphyllobothrii
Page 44 and 45: Table 3, continued. Host: Catostomu
Page 46 and 47: Table 3, continued. Cystidicolidae
Page 48 and 49: Table 3, continued. Raphidascaris a
Page 50 and 51: Table 3, continued. Quimperiidae Ba
Page 52 and 53: Table 3, continued. Osmerus mordax:
Page 54 and 55: Table 3, continued. Rhadinorhynchid
Page 56 and 57: Table 3, continued. Host: Coregonus
Page 58 and 59: Table 3, continued. Host: Oncorhync
Page 60 and 61: Table 5. Fishes by family and speci
Page 62 and 63: Table 5, continued. Ictaluridae Ame
Page 64 and 65: Table 5, continued. Coregonus spp.
Page 66 and 67: Table 5, continued. Cottus bairdii
Page 68 and 69: Table 5, continued. Hirudinea: Dess
Page 70 and 71: Digenetic Trematodes This parasite
Page 72 and 73:
Fish Species—Parasite Analyses Th
Page 74 and 75:
The numbers and percentages of auto
Page 76 and 77:
Cestodes Eubothrium crassum, E. rug
Page 78 and 79:
Most fish species examined for para
Page 80 and 81:
Table 8, continued. Ciliophora (Cil
Page 82 and 83:
Table 8, continued. Myxobolus burti
Page 84 and 85:
Table 8, continued. Coregonus hoyi:
Page 86 and 87:
Table 8, continued. Phyllodistomum
Page 88 and 89:
Table 8, continued. Host: Luxilus c
Page 90 and 91:
Table 8, continued. Tylodelphys sch
Page 92 and 93:
Table 8, continued. Urocleidus acul
Page 94 and 95:
Table 8, continued. Diclybothriidae
Page 96 and 97:
Table 8, continued. Tetraonchus var
Page 98 and 99:
Table 8, continued. Host: Catostomu
Page 100 and 101:
Table 8, continued. Proteocephalus
Page 102 and 103:
Table 8, continued. Host: Coregonus
Page 104 and 105:
Table 8, continued. Triaenophorus n
Page 106 and 107:
Table 8, continued. Truttaedacnitis
Page 108 and 109:
Table 8, continued. Coregonus arted
Page 110 and 111:
Table 8, continued. Philonema oncor
Page 112 and 113:
Table 8, continued. Host Ambloplite
Page 114 and 115:
Table 8, continued. Coregonus arted
Page 116 and 117:
Table 8, continued. Neoechinorhynch
Page 118 and 119:
Table 8, continued. Neoechinorhynch
Page 120 and 121:
Table 8, continued. Ergasilus cotti
Page 122 and 123:
Table 8, continued. Salmincola sisc
Page 124 and 125:
Table 9, continued. Larval/Immature
Page 126 and 127:
Table 9, continued. Esocidae Esox l
Page 128 and 129:
Table 9, continued. Coregonus kiyi
Page 130 and 131:
Table 9, continued. Larval/Immature
Page 132 and 133:
Table 9, continued. Centrarchidae A
Page 134 and 135:
Table 10. Numbers and percentages (
Page 136 and 137:
Fish Species—Parasite Analysis Tw
Page 138 and 139:
Table 12, continued. Crepidostomum
Page 140 and 141:
Table 12, continued. Cryptogonimus
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Table 12, continued. Host: Esox luc
Page 146 and 147:
Table 12, continued. Spinitectus sp
Page 148 and 149:
Table 12, continued. Pomphorhynchid
Page 150 and 151:
Table 13, continued. Catostomidae C
Page 152 and 153:
Table 13, continued. Lepomis macroc
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Sixteen species of myxozoans repres
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Acanthocephalans Sixteen species of
Page 158 and 159:
The parasite group(s) (in parenthes
Page 160 and 161:
(2), Ergasilus caeruleus (7), E. lu
Page 162 and 163:
Nematodes Hysterothylacium brachyur
Page 164 and 165:
Fish Families—Parasite Communitie
Page 166 and 167:
Table 14, continued. Host: Luxilus
Page 168 and 169:
Table 14, continued. Myxobolus burt
Page 170 and 171:
Table 14, continued. Catostomus com
Page 172 and 173:
Table 14, continued. Host: Luxilus
Page 174 and 175:
Table 14, continued. Lepomis gibbos
Page 176 and 177:
Table 14, continued. Allacanthochas
Page 178 and 179:
Table 14, continued. Phyllodistomum
Page 180 and 181:
Table 14, continued. Plagioporus si
Page 182 and 183:
Table 14, continued. Diplostomidae
Page 184 and 185:
Table 14, continued. Salvelinus nam
Page 186 and 187:
Table 14, continued. Sander canaden
Page 188 and 189:
Table 14, continued. Ambloplites ru
Page 190 and 191:
Table 14, continued. Culaea inconst
Page 192 and 193:
Table 14, continued. Ligictaluridus
Page 194 and 195:
Table 14, continued. Urocleidus ala
Page 196 and 197:
Table 14, continued. Dactylogyrus d
Page 198 and 199:
Table 14, continued. Host: Coregonu
Page 200 and 201:
Table 14, continued. Gyrodactylus g
Page 202 and 203:
Table 14, continued. Etheostoma nig
Page 204 and 205:
Table 14, continued. Eubothrium sal
Page 206 and 207:
Table 14, continued. Cottus bairdii
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Table 14, continued. Larval/Immatur
Page 212 and 213:
Table 14, continued. Catostomus cat
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Table 14, continued. Triaenophorida
Page 216 and 217:
Table 14, continued. Adult Nematoda
Page 218 and 219:
Table 14, continued. Capillaria cat
Page 220 and 221:
Table 14, continued. Oncorhynchus t
Page 222 and 223:
Table 14, continued. Percopsis omis
Page 224 and 225:
Table 14, continued. Rhabdochona ca
Page 226 and 227:
Table 14, continued. Raphidascaris
Page 228 and 229:
Table 14, continued. Spinitectus gr
Page 230 and 231:
Table 14, continued. Rhabdochonidae
Page 232 and 233:
Table 14, continued. Host: Petromyz
Page 234 and 235:
Table 14, continued. Salvelinus fon
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Table 14, continued. Pungitius pung
Page 238 and 239:
Table 14, continued. Neoechinorhync
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Table 14, continued. Perca flavesce
Page 242 and 243:
Table 14, continued. Hirudinea (Lee
Page 244 and 245:
Table 14, continued. Ergasilidae No
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Table 14, continued. Ergasilus vers
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Table 14, continued. Salmincola ext
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Table 15. Fishes by family from Lak
Page 252 and 253:
Table 15, continued. Cyprinus carpi
Page 254 and 255:
Table 15, continued. Monogenea: Dac
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Table 15, continued. Adult Acanthoc
Page 260 and 261:
Table 15, continued. Immature Acant
Page 262 and 263:
Table 15, continued. Oncorhynchus m
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Table 15, continued. Fundulidae Fun
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Table 15, continued. Lepomis macroc
Page 272 and 273:
Table 15, continued. Adult Cestoda:
Page 274 and 275:
Table 15, continued. Gobiidae Apoll
Page 276 and 277:
Percina caprodes, Sander vitreus, A
Page 278 and 279:
Table 18, continued. Clinostomidae
Page 280 and 281:
Table 18, continued. LAKE ST CLAIR
Page 282 and 283:
Table 18, continued. Strigeidae Rai
Page 284 and 285:
Table 18, continued. Salvelinus nam
Page 286 and 287:
Table 18, continued. Spiroxys sp. S
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Table 18, continued. DETROIT RIVER
Page 290 and 291:
Table 19, continued. Salmonidae Cor
Page 292 and 293:
Parasite Species—Overview LAKE ER
Page 294 and 295:
Cestodes Twenty-four species of adu
Page 296 and 297:
Parasitological studies have been d
Page 298 and 299:
N. atherinoides, N. buccatus, N. he
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mordax in Lake Erie. Mass mortaliti
Page 302 and 303:
Copepods Copepods (Argulus catostom
Page 304 and 305:
Table 20. Parasites reported in fis
Page 306 and 307:
Table 20, continued. Capriniana sp.
Page 308 and 309:
Table 20, continued. Myxobolus cons
Page 310 and 311:
Table 20, continued. Sphaerosporida
Page 312 and 313:
Table 20, continued. Host: Osmerus
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Table 20, continued. Azygia longa (
Page 318 and 319:
Table 20, continued. Host: Micropte
Page 320 and 321:
Table 20, continued. Host: Aplodino
Page 322 and 323:
Table 20, continued. Microcreadium
Page 324 and 325:
Table 20, continued. Host: Amia cal
Page 326 and 327:
Table 20, continued. Unknown Family
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Table 20, continued. Ictalurus punc
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Table 20, continued. Host: Esox luc
Page 334 and 335:
Table 20, continued. Etheostoma exi
Page 336 and 337:
Table 20, continued. Percina copela
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Table 20, continued. Axinidae Unnit
Page 342 and 343:
Table 20, continued. Dactylogyrus a
Page 344 and 345:
Table 20, continued. Lyrodiscus sem
Page 346 and 347:
Table 20, continued. Tetracleidus c
Page 348 and 349:
Table 20, continued. Gyrodactylidae
Page 350 and 351:
Table 20, continued. Percina caprod
Page 352 and 353:
Table 20, continued. Tetraonchidae
Page 354 and 355:
Table 20, continued. Bothriocephalu
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Table 20, continued. Amphicotylidae
Page 362 and 363:
Table 20, continued. Schistocephalu
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Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 197
Page 366 and 367:
Table 20, continued. Triaenophorus
Page 368 and 369:
Table 20, continued. Cyprinella whi
Page 370 and 371:
Table 20, continued. Etheostoma ble
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Table 20, continued. Micropterus do
Page 376 and 377:
Table 20, continued. Philometra sp.
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Table 20, continued. Dioctophymatid
Page 382 and 383:
Table 20, continued. Philometridae
Page 384 and 385:
Table 20, continued. Superfamily Sp
Page 386 and 387:
Table 20, continued. Neoechinorhync
Page 388 and 389:
Table 20, continued. Octospinifer m
Page 390 and 391:
Table 20, continued. Pomoxis annula
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Table 20, continued. Lepomis cyanel
Page 396 and 397:
Table 20, continued. Sander glaucum
Page 398 and 399:
Table 20, continued. Lernaea crucia
Page 400 and 401:
Table 20, continued. Mollusca (Moll
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Table 21, continued. Notemigonus cr
Page 408 and 409:
Table 21, continued. Monogenea: Uni
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Table 21, continued. Umbridae Umbra
Page 418 and 419:
Table 21, continued. Gadidae Lota l
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Table 21, continued. Percidae Ammoc
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Table 21, continued. Hirudinea: Act
Page 434 and 435:
Table 23. Jaccard coefficients of p
Page 436 and 437:
Table 25. Fishes by family from the
Page 438 and 439:
Aspidobothreans Cotylogaster occide
Page 440 and 441:
The 49 fish species from Lake Ontar
Page 442 and 443:
Parasite species or a specific genu
Page 444 and 445:
Cestodes Several adult cestodes (Eu
Page 446 and 447:
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard
Page 448 and 449:
Table 26, continued. Host: Anguilla
Page 450 and 451:
Table 26, continued. Myxobolus bart
Page 452 and 453:
Table 26, continued. Microspora (Mi
Page 454 and 455:
Table 26, continued. Crepidostomum
Page 456 and 457:
Table 26, continued. Cryptogonimida
Page 458 and 459:
Table 26, continued. Host: Ictaluru
Page 460 and 461:
Table 26, continued. Cryptogonimida
Page 462 and 463:
Table 26, continued. Etheostoma exi
Page 464 and 465:
Table 26, continued. Apophallus ven
Page 466 and 467:
Table 26, continued. Actinocleidus
Page 468 and 469:
Table 26, continued. Cleidodiscus s
Page 470 and 471:
Table 26, continued. Onchocleidus a
Page 472 and 473:
Table 26, continued. Onchocleidus s
Page 474 and 475:
Table 26, continued. Urocleidus ads
Page 476 and 477:
Table 26, continued. Dactylogyrus b
Page 478 and 479:
Table 26, continued. Gyrodactylidae
Page 480 and 481:
Table 26, continued. Gyrodactylus p
Page 482 and 483:
Table 26, continued. Tetraonchidae
Page 484 and 485:
Table 26, continued. Proteocephalid
Page 486 and 487:
Table 26, continued. Triaenophorida
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
Table 26, continued. Camallanidae R
Page 492 and 493:
Table 26, continued. Host: Coregonu
Page 494 and 495:
Table 26, continued. Rhabdochona sp
Page 496 and 497:
Table 26, continued. Cystidicolidae
Page 498 and 499:
Table 26, continued. Echinorhynchus
Page 500 and 501:
Table 26, continued. Host: Acipense
Page 502 and 503:
Table 26, continued. Hirudinea (Lee
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Table 26, continued. Salmincola ext
Page 508 and 509:
Table 27. Fishes by family from Lak
Page 510 and 511:
Table 27, continued. Monogenea: Dac
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Table 27, continued. Esocidae Esox
Page 516 and 517:
Table 27, continued. Coregonus hoyi
Page 518 and 519:
Table 27, continued. Gasterosteidae
Page 520 and 521:
Table 27, continued. Centrarchidae
Page 522 and 523:
Page 524 and 525:
Table 27, continued. Etheostoma nig
Page 526 and 527:
Table 27, continued. Sciaenidae Apl
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species), Neoechinorhynchus crassus
Page 530 and 531:
commonly found unencysted and coile
Page 532 and 533:
Exotic Parasite Species Mills et al
Page 534 and 535:
that have direct life cycles. Cesto
Page 536 and 537:
Table 30. Jaccard coefficients of p
Page 538 and 539:
Ambloplites rupestris harbored as f
Page 540 and 541:
in composition and numbers between
Page 542 and 543:
In Lake Michigan, percids harbored
Page 544 and 545:
prevalence of cestodes (tapeworms)
Page 546 and 547:
Anderson, R.C. 1992. Nematode paras
Page 548 and 549:
Bush, A.O., Fernandez, J.C., Esch,
Page 550 and 551:
Dechtiar, A.O. 1967b. Neodiscocotyl
Page 552 and 553:
Esch, G.W., Kennedy, C.R., Bush, A.
Page 554 and 555:
Hines, R.S. and Spira, D.T. 1974. I
Page 556 and 557:
Kennedy, C.R. 2009. The ecology of
Page 558 and 559:
Marcogliese, D.J. 2008. First repor
Page 560 and 561:
Muzzall, P.M., and Haas, R.C. 1998.
Page 562 and 563:
Pronin, N.M., Fleischer, G.W., Bald
Page 564 and 565:
Smith, H.D., and Margolis, L. 1970.
Page 566 and 567:
Thomas, L.J. 1947. The life cycle o
Page 568:
Wisniewski, W.L. 1958. Characteriza
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