Cambridge Pre-U Syllabus - Cambridge International Examinations

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28 3. ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY Section 3 (Animal physiology) and Section 4 (The life of plants) take a look at life in terms of whole organisms. Cambridge Pre-U Draft Animal physiology explores the different ways in which animals feed, reproduce and transport substances around their bodies, highlighted by differences due to adaptation and a constantly changing environment. These questions may be put to candidates to stimulate discussion and prompt and direct their own researches while covering Section 3. • Why do large organisms need a transport system? • How do animals cope with different diets? • What happens when we age? • Why do we age? • How do animals move? • Why do we need to control internal conditions? • Why do organ transplants face rejection, but a fetus doesn’t? • To what extent is the placenta a ‘life support machine’ for a fetus? • Why sex? 3.1 Transport systems Content Structure and function of transport systems in multicellular animals Ventilation mechanisms The mammalian circulatory system Oxygen transport in the blood Learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: a) discuss the impact of size on surface area/volume ratio and the significance of this for animals b) explain the need for mass flow systems in animals c) compare ventilation mechanisms and gas exchange in insects, fish and mammals d) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of: • open and closed transport systems • single and double circulatory systems including the increasing complexity and efficiency of circulatory systems of fish, amphibians and mammals e) describe the structures and functions, and explain the relationship between structure and function, of: • mammalian arteries, veins and capillaries • cellular components of mammalian blood (including erythrocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes) • the mammalian heart – cardiac cycle including pressure changes in the heart, its electrical coordination and its control by the medulla oblongata in the brain f) outline the roles of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in metabolism and transport of lipids and in atherosclerosis g) outline the aetiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) as an example of a cardiovascular disease.
Cambridge Pre-U Syllabus h) outline the roles of drugs (limited to warfarin and statins) and surgery (limited to valve replacements, bypass surgery, transplants and stents) in treatment of cardiovascular disease i) explain the functions of blood limited to clotting and the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide j) explain the significance of oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curves and the Bohr effect Practical learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: i) observe the similarities and differences between mammalian blood cells, restricted to erythrocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes ii) investigate the tracheal system of an insect (e.g. locust), the gills of a fish and the trachea and lungs of a mammal iii) explain the relationship between structure and function of heart and blood vessels (artery, vein and capillary) using prepared slides (X-ref Section 3.4iii) 3.2 Nutrition Content Modes of nutrition Mammalian alimentary canal and digestion Learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: a) compare and contrast the modes of nutrition, dentition and digestive systems of herbivores and carnivores b) recall the structure and function of the mammalian alimentary canal including histology of stomach, ileum and pancreas c) identify sites of production, activation and action of the following enzymes in humans as an example of a mammal: amylase, maltase; pepsin and trypsin as endopeptidases; exopeptidases; lipase d) explain the parts played by bile, mucus and sodium hydrogen carbonate in digestion Practical learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: i) explain the relationship between structure and function of mammalian stomach, ileum, liver and pancreas (exocrine and endocrine tissues) using histological sections and electronmicrographs 29
Page 1: Cambridge Pre-U Syllabus - DRAFT Su
Page 4 and 5: 2 © University of Cambridge Intern
Page 6 and 7: 4 Introduction Cambridge Pre-U Draf
Page 8 and 9: 6 Aims The course aims to: Cambridg
Page 10 and 11: 8 Assessment objectives Cambridge P
Page 12 and 13: 10 Description of Papers Cambridge
Page 14 and 15: 12 Curriculum Content The syllabus
Page 16 and 17: 14 Cambridge Pre-U Draft In the con
Page 18 and 19: 16 1.1 Eukaryotic cell structure Co
Page 20 and 21: 18 1.3 Cell replication Content DNA
Page 22 and 23: 20 1.5 Respiration Content ATP Chem
Page 24 and 25: 22 Cambridge Pre-U Draft Practical
Page 26 and 27: 24 2. THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF L
Page 28 and 29: 26 2.3 The evolution of life Conten
Page 32 and 33: 30 3.3 Nerves, muscles and behaviou
Page 34 and 35: 32 3.5 The immune system Content St
Page 36 and 37: 34 4. THE LIFE OF PLANTS Cambridge
Page 38 and 39: 36 4.3 Reproduction Content Pollina
Page 40 and 41: 38 5. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Cambrid
Page 42 and 43: 40 5.2 Measuring and conserving bio
Page 44 and 45: 42 Cambridge Pre-U Draft Section A
Page 46 and 47: 44 Assessment of skills in Componen
Page 48 and 49: 46 Cambridge Pre-U Draft Candidates
Page 50 and 51: 48 Cambridge Pre-U Draft Sub-skill
Page 56 and 57: 54 Cambridge Pre-U Draft Skill Area
Page 58 and 59: 56 Cambridge Pre-U Draft Laboratory
Page 60 and 61: 58 Cambridge Pre-U Draft Reagents,
Page 62 and 63: 60 Appendix 2: Textbooks and IT res
Page 64 and 65: 62 Cambridge Pre-U Draft Biology Pr
Page 66 and 67: 64 Notes on the use of statistics i
Page 68 and 69: 66 Cambridge Pre-U Draft Glossary o
Page 70 and 71: 68 Appendix 4: Performance Descript
Page 72 and 73: 70 Appendix 5: Additional informati
Page 74 and 75: 72 Cambridge Pre-U Draft

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