38 T.G. PALAIMA §12.1.1.1 1200 BC), comparisons were made <strong>of</strong> their sign reper<strong>to</strong>ries in two ways. First, in order <strong>to</strong> see how the signs <strong>of</strong> the different scripts rel<strong>at</strong>ed <strong>to</strong> one another (compar<strong>at</strong>ive palaeography), and, second, in order <strong>to</strong> see how the shapes <strong>of</strong> the signs evolved through time (diachronic palaeography). A further question was whether observable differences in the shapes <strong>of</strong> the basic signs provided any evidence for how the scripts may have changed their structures and their oper<strong>at</strong>ing principles over time. 11 §12.1.1.1. Sir Arthur Evans Fortun<strong>at</strong>ely for the field <strong>of</strong> Mycenology, Sir Arthur Evans was acutely nearsighted from birth and had n<strong>at</strong>urally gravit<strong>at</strong>ed in his younger days <strong>to</strong> the study, first, <strong>of</strong> coins, and, then, <strong>of</strong> small s<strong>to</strong>ne seals bearing Cretan Hieroglyphic symbols. 12 Much <strong>of</strong> Evans’ time was taken up by his serious responsibilities as main excava<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> the major Cretan site <strong>of</strong> Knossos and his task <strong>of</strong> literally defining the characteristic fe<strong>at</strong>ures and chronology <strong>of</strong> Minoan civiliz<strong>at</strong>ion. 13 But he did publish in his lifetime the ground-breaking study <strong>of</strong> <strong>Linear</strong> A and Cretan Pic<strong>to</strong>graphic writing known as Scripta Minoa I. 14 He also under<strong>to</strong>ok a major study <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Linear</strong> B inscriptions. However, this was not advanced very far when Evans died on July 11, 1941. At the time <strong>of</strong> his de<strong>at</strong>h not many more than one hundred tablets were available for study in published pho<strong>to</strong>graphs or drawings. 15 11 Comparisons between <strong>Linear</strong> A and <strong>Linear</strong> B (Fig. 12.4; and l<strong>at</strong>er Fig. 12.5) were particularly important for linguistic analysis <strong>of</strong> the languages represented in the inscriptions (DUHOUX 1989, 66-76 and esp. 115-119; GORILA; RAISON – POPE 1978 and 1994). This even involved, in the early days, looking <strong>at</strong> extra-Aegean <strong>of</strong>fshoots <strong>of</strong> ‘Minoan’ writing (Figs. 12.6 and 7). For example, the different phases <strong>of</strong> the Cypro-Minoan and Cypriote Syllabic scripts (Fig. 12.8) (PALAIMA 1989 and 2005) on the island <strong>of</strong> Cyprus have been examined in connection with <strong>Linear</strong> A and <strong>Linear</strong> B. 12 MACGILLIVRAY 2000, 5-6, 18, 27, 41; PALAIMA 2000a. 13 PALAIMA 2003a, 45-50. 14 SM I appeared in 1909 after Evans had published a half dozen major preliminary reports on his excav<strong>at</strong>ion work in progress. 15 Of the Knossos tablets, there were about forty-five published pho<strong>to</strong>s, one hundred and three drawings, and one hundred and twenty transcriptions (by the gre<strong>at</strong> Finnish scholar Johannes Sundwall); <strong>of</strong> the Pylos tablets, seven pho<strong>to</strong>graphs from the public<strong>at</strong>ions <strong>of</strong> the 1939 excav<strong>at</strong>ions. <strong>The</strong>re were also illustr<strong>at</strong>ions <strong>of</strong> a few painted stirrup-jar inscriptions from <strong>The</strong>bes and Eleusis, and <strong>of</strong> a few other inscriptions confusingly, because wrongly, ascribed <strong>to</strong> Minoan <strong>Linear</strong> script B. <strong>The</strong> bulk <strong>of</strong> the m<strong>at</strong>erial is found in the Annual <strong>of</strong> the British School <strong>at</strong> Athens (1899-1900) — the report <strong>of</strong> the first season <strong>of</strong> excav<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>at</strong> Knossos; in Evans’ monumental PoM (mainly in volume 4 <strong>of</strong> 1935 where he devoted much <strong>at</strong>tention <strong>to</strong> the <strong>Linear</strong> B finds); in AJA 43 (1939) 557-576 (the report by Blegen and Kourouniotes <strong>of</strong> the first season <strong>of</strong> excav<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>at</strong> Pylos); the Illustr<strong>at</strong>ed London News (1939) 858 (a general s<strong>to</strong>ry on Blegen’s finds), and, according <strong>to</strong> KOBER 1948, 99 n. 48, ‘a pamphlet on the work <strong>of</strong> the American School <strong>of</strong> Classical Studies <strong>at</strong> Athens’ (non vidi).
§12.1.1.1 SCRIBES, SCRIBAL HANDS AND PALAEOGRAPHY 39 Fig. 12.3. Evans’ table <strong>of</strong> selected Cretan Hieroglyphic signs as executed on different media (after SM I, 232, fig. 102)
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