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2i6 ZYGNEMATACEAE United States: Illinois, Charleston and Lerna. Austria, Lunz. 248. Spirogyra insignis (Hassall) Kiitzing 1849. Species Algarum, p. 438. Vegetative cells 39-42 m x 150-590/1, with replicate end walls; 2 to 4 (usually 3) chromatophores, making .5 to 1.5 turns; conjugation scalariform and lateral; tubes formed by both gametangia; fertile cells shortened and inflated; zygospores ellipsoid, 40-48 /^ x 60-128 m; median spore wall yellow-brown, smooth. (PI. XLI, Fig. 17.) United States: Iowa; Illinois. Widely reported from Europe; China, Nanking and Szechwan. 249. Spirogyra fallax (Hansgirg) Wille 1900. Nyt Magaz. /. Naturw. 38, p. 16. Hansgirg. Hedivigia. 27, p. 253. 1888 (as S. insignis var. fallax). Vegetative cells 36-45 ft x 80-165 as with replicate end walls; 3 to 4 chromatophores, straight, or making .5 to 1.5 turns in the cell; conjugation scalariform; tubes formed by both cells; fertile cells inflated to 48-75 m; zygospores ellipsoid, 45-60/1 x 75-1 20 /x; median spore wall brown, smooth. (PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 13.) United States: Massachusetts. Czechoslovakia. See note under S. inconstans, Number 252. 250. Spirogyra wangi Li 1933. Ohio Jour. Sci. 33, p. 153, PL i, Figs. 7-8. Vegetative cells 30-32/^1 x 150-350 as with replicate end walls; 2 to 3 chromatophores, making 1.5 to 4.5 turns; conjugation scalariform; tubes formed by both gametangia; fertile cells inflated toward the middle, up to 72 ,u; zygospores ellipsoid, 60-64 /x ^ 112-124/^; median spore wall smooth, yellow. (PI. XXXVIII, Figs. 14-15.) China, Hangchow, 1930. 251. Spirogyra acanthophora (Skuja) Czurda 1932. Siisstvasser- fiora Mitteleuropa. 9, p. 160. Skuja. Acta Horti Bot. Univ. Latviensis. 3, p. 114. 1928 (as S. ivillei var. acanthophora). Vegetative cells 30-38 /.a x 75-350/1, with replicate end walls; 3 to 4 chromatophores, making .5 to 1.5 turns in the cell; conjugation scalariform; tubes formed by both gametangia; receptive gametangia inflated to 50-70 /J.; zygospores ellipsoid, 42-60 /x x 80-1 40 /x; median wall irreg- ularly spinose-reticulate, yellow-brcjwn. (Pi. XXXVIIl, Figs. 16-17.) Latvia, Kemeri. This species differs from the next (No. 252) in the more prominent spines on the reticulum of the median spore wall, and in the decreased reflexing of conjugating gametangia.
SPIROGYRA 217 252. Spirogyra inconstans Collins 1912. Tufts College Studies. 3, p. 73; Phycoth. Bor.-Amer., No. 1768. Wittrock and Nordstedt Algae Exsiccatae, No. 958. 1889. Vegetative cells 28-40 /a x /-i, 70-350 with replicate end walls; (2-) to 4 chromatophores, nearly straight, or making .5 to 1.5 turns in the cell; conjugation scalar iform or rarely lateral; tubes formed by both gametangia; at the time of tube formation both gametangia become reflexed and usually the conjugation between the same pair of filaments is limited to single, or to 2 adjoining pairs of cells; cross conjugation is not infrequent; receptive gametangia shortened and inflated up to 50-75 m; zygospores ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, 45-70 jU, x 75-140 /x; median wall reticulate-aculeate, brown. (PI. XXXVIII, Figs. 18-20.) United States: Illinois; Michigan; Indiana; Ohio; Massachusetts; Wash- ington (Bodenberg Coll.). Europe, from Sweden to Rumania. At the time of tube formation an outer pectic ring is formed at the junction, and at maturity there is usually an outer and an inner tube wall. The history of the specific name of this species is a striking example of a scientific "Comedy of Errors." In 1889 Nordstedt described and distrib- uted specimens of this alga, as S. insignis (Hassall) Kiitzing forma. In 1899 Wille attached the name S. jallax to it, based on a variety described by Hansgirg as S. insignis var. jallax which has smooth-walled spores, alleging that Hansgirg had overlooked the ornamented median spore wall. In 1907 Teodoresco found an alga similar to Nordstedt's forma, and named it S. insignis var. Nordstedtii. In 19 12 Collins described the same alga as S. inconstans. In 1913 Borge perpetuated Wille's error. In 1915 Transeau called attention to the discrepancy between Hansgirg's figure and descrip- tion and those of Wille, but, following Borge's key, decided in favor of S. jallax. In 191 8 Collins changed the name in his key to S. jallax. In 1928 Skuja renamed the species S. willei. Czurda in 1932 relegated Collins' S. inconstans to the discard, and used the name S. willei. Collins, however, first described the alga as a species and his specific name is therefore valid. 253. Spirogyra borysthenica Kasanofsky & Smirnoff 1913. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 63, p. 137, PL 3. Vegetative cells 30-40 /x x 1 80-450 /x, with replicate end walls; 2 to 4 chromatophores, straight, or making up to 2.5 turns in the cell; conjugation scalariform; tubes formed by both gametangia; fertile cells inflated up to 70 /a; zygospores ellipsoid, 52-62^1 x 110-160/J.; median spore wall with spinelike or mammaeform papillae, yellow-brown. (PI. XXXIX, Figs. 1-3.) United States: Michigan (Ackley Coll.); Iowa (Tiffany Coll.). U.S.S.R., Bukovina.
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THE ZYGNEMATACEAE
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GRADUATE SCHOOL MONOGRAPHS Contribu
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INTRODUCTION The absence of a moder
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INTRODUCTION ix Illinois State Teac
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Plat€ ILLUSTRATIONS Plates Page I
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THE ZYGNEMATACEAE
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4 ZYGNEMATACEAE gametes is by means
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6 ZYGNEMATACEAE are common but are
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8 ZYGNEMATACEAE between cells, the
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10 ZYGNEMATACEAE sporiferous cells
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12 ZYGNEMATACEAE TABLE I Summary of
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14 ZYGNEMATACEAE In higher latitude
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i6 ZYGNEMATACEAE specimens with mat
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1 ZYGNEMATACEAE II. Spores usually
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20 ZYGNEMATACEAE 32. Diameter veget
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22 ZYGNEMATACEAE REPRODUCTION BY AP
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24 ZYGNEMATACEAE spores formed in t
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26 ZYGNEMATACEAE pitted; pits 5-6 /
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28 ZYGNEMATACEAE spores are formed
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30 ZYGNEMATACEAE spores formed in t
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32 ZYGNEMATACEAE biculate; pits 4.5
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34 ZYGNEMATACEAE United States: Ill
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36 ZYGNEMATACEAE zygospores globose
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38 ZYGNEMATACEAE spores formed in o
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40 ZYGNEMATACEAE spores in one of t
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42 ZYGNEMATACEAE an outer pectic la
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44 ZYGNEMATACEAE irregular in form
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46 ZYGNEMATACEAE cylindncum Transea
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CHAPTER THREE THE GENUS ZYGNEMOPSIS
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ZYGNEMOPSIS 51 6. Median spore wall
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ZYGNEMOPSIS 53 22-25 jLi X 25-30 /"
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ZYGNEMOPSIS 55 12. Zygnemopsis sple
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ZYGNEMOPSIS 57 23-50 Ai, with a mor
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quadrata Jao 1935 ZYGNEMOPSIS 59 si
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CHAPTER FIVE THE GENUS ZYGOGONIUM K
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ZYGOGONIUM 65 3. Zygospores 15-26/U
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ZYGOGONIUM 67 ospores ellipsoid to
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ZYGOGONIUM 69 14. Zygogonium stephe
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CHAPTER SEVEN THE GENUS MOUGEOTIOPS
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CHAPTER RIGHT THE GENUS DEBARYA WIT
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DEBARYA 77 3. Debarya ackleyana Tra
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CHAPTER NINE THE GENUS MOUGEOTIA C.
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MOUGEOTIA 8i not be cited as proof
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7. Spores globose to ovoid, variabl
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MOUGEOTIA 85 30. Spores ovoid 40-54
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MOUGEOTIA 87 52. Zygosporangia regu
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MOUGEOTIA 89 74. Spore wall smooth
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MOUGEOTIA 91 6. MouGEOTiA ELLiPsoiD
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MOUGEOTIA 93 tending somewhat into
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MOUGEOTIA 95 conjugation scalarifor
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MOUGEOTIA 97 pyrenoids; gametangia
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MOUGEOTIA 99 ous scattered pyrenoid
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MOUGEOTIA loi cylindric, with conca
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MOUGEOTIA 103 56. MouGEOTiA ATUBULO
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MOUGEOTIA 105 aplanospores occupyin
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MOUGEOTIA 107 with hornlike process
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MOUGEOTIA 109 77. MouGEOTiA viRiDis
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MOUGEOTIA III 85. MouGEOTiA QUADRAN
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MOUGEOTIA 113 94. MouGEOTiA MAYORi
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MOUGEOTIA 115 craterophora Bohlin 1
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CHAPTER TEN THE GENUS TEMNOGAMETUM
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CHAPTER ELEVEN THE GENUS SIROCLADIU
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CHAPTER THIRTEEN THE GENUS SPIROGYR
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SPIROGYRA 125 in thickness, and eac
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SPIROGYRA 127 may be widened and ne
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SPIROGYRA 129 Of the 2 species with
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SPIROGYRA 131 II. Most of the spore
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31. Diameter vegetative cells more
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SPIROGYRA 135 END WALLS PLANE (one-
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66. Spores 34-48 i". x 48-54^1 93-
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82. Median spore wall double, outer
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loi. Fertile cells cylindric, chrom
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115. Diameter vegetative cells 130-
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SPIROGYRA 145 133. Reproducing by a
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SPIROGYRA 147 157. Median spore wal
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SPIROGYRA 149 178. Chromatophores i
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SPIROGYRA 151 3. Spirogyra juercens
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SPIROGYRA 153 China, Szechwan. The
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SPIROGYRA 155 matophore; conjugatio
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SPIROGYRA 157 23. Spirogyra affinis
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SPIROGYRA 159 cells to globose, 28-
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SPIROGYRA i6i qucntly misapplied th
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SPIROGYRA 163 scalariform; tubes fo
Page 185 and 186: SPIROGYRA 165 ellipsoid, ^P-^^i^ x
Page 187 and 188: Germany; Latvia; Yugoslavia; Finlan
Page 189 and 190: Coll.). SPIROGYRA 169 Dutch New Gui
Page 191 and 192: SPIROGYRA 171 formed by both gameta
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Page 195 and 196: SPIROGYRA 175 Vegetative cells 35-4
Page 197 and 198: SPIROGYRA 177 loi. Spirogyra polyta
Page 199 and 200: SPIROGYRA 179 formed by both gameta
Page 201 and 202: SPIROGYRA i8i is thin, brownish and
Page 203 and 204: SPIROGYRA 183 PI. 8, Figs. 87-88. A
Page 205 and 206: SPIROGYRA 185 United States: Widely
Page 207 and 208: SPIROGYRA 187 65-83 /x X 75-1 00 /x
Page 209 and 210: SPIROGYRA 189 150. Spirogyra reinha
Page 211 and 212: SPIROGYRA 191 cylindric or slightly
Page 213 and 214: SPIROGYRA 193 by both gametangia; f
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Page 217 and 218: wall. United States: Texas, Karnac,
Page 219 and 220: SPIROGYRA 199 found the earlier sta
Page 221 and 222: SPIROGYRA 201 matophore, making 3 t
Page 223 and 224: SPIROGYRA 203 199. Spirogyra unduli
Page 225 and 226: SPIROGYRA 205 United States: Iowa;
Page 227 and 228: SPIROGYRA 207 spores ellipsoid, 20-
Page 229 and 230: SPIROGYRA 209 iform; tubes formed b
Page 231 and 232: SPIROGYRA 211 tubes formed by both
Page 233 and 234: SPIROGYRA 213 forma gracilior). Czu
Page 235: SPIROGYRA 215 244. Spirogyra gratia
Page 239 and 240: SPIROGYRA 219 iform; tubes formed b
Page 241 and 242: SPIROGYRA 221 zygospores ellipsoid
Page 243 and 244: SPIROGYRA 223 274. Spirogyra verruc
Page 245 and 246: SPIROGYRA 225 elliptica Jao 1935 83
Page 247 and 248: SPIROGYRA 227 mirabilis (Hassall) K
Page 249: SPIROGYRA 229 siibsalina Cedercreut
Page 252 and 253: 232 ZYGNEMATACEAE Usually the matur
Page 254 and 255: 234 ZYGNEMATACEAE cncd and rcilexcd
Page 256 and 257: 236 ZYGNEMATACEAE Figs. H to K. Sir
Page 259 and 260: INDEX Roman numerals refer to plate
Page 261 and 262: grossii (Spirogyra), XXX, 6; 185 Ha
Page 263 and 264: punctiformis (Spirogyra), XXXIV, 5-
Page 265 and 266: PLATES
Page 267 and 268: PLATE 1 247.
Page 269 and 270: PLATE ir 249
Page 271 and 272: PLATE III 251
Page 273 and 274: PLATE IV 253
Page 275 and 276: PLATE V 255
Page 277 and 278: PLATE VI 257
Page 279 and 280: PLATE VII 259
Page 281 and 282: PLATE VIII 261
Page 283 and 284: PLATE IX 263
Page 285 and 286: PLATE X 265 '^=S
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PLATE XI 267
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PLATE XII 269
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PLATE XIII 271
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PLATE XIV 273
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PLATE XV 275
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PLATE XVI 277
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PLATE XVII 279
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PLATE XVIII 281
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PLATE XIX 283
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PLATE XX 285
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PLATE XXI 287
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PLATE XXII 289
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PLATE XXIII 291
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PLATE XXIV 293
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PLATE XXV 295
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PLATE XXVI 297
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PLATE XXVII 299
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PLATE XXVIII 301
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PLATE XXIX 303
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PLATE XXX 305
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PLATE XXXI 307
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PLATE XXXII 309
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PLATE XXXIII 311
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PLATE XXXIV 313
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PLATE XXXV 315
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PLATE XXXVI 317
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PLATE XXXVII 319
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PLATE XXXVIII 321
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PLATE XXXIX 323
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PLATE XL 325
Page 347:
PLATE XLI 327
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