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78 ZYGNEMATACEAE Vegetative cells 8-i2/i x 50-200M, with 2 platelike chromatophores each containing i or 2 pyrenoids; reproduction by zygospores and aplanospores; conjugation scalariform; gametangia genuflexed and sep- arating after conjugation; zygospores globose to polyhedric-ovoid, 26-33 /A in diameter, completely filling the tubes; outer spore wall thick lamellate; median spore wall golden yellow, smooth; inner spore wall moderately thick, hyaline, irregularly scrobiculate within; aplanospores obliquely rotund-fusiform, 24 ^t x 42-54/1. (PI. XII, Figs. 24-26.) China, northwestern Yunnan on sinter terraces at an altitude of 2,765 meters, October 4, 1914.
CHAPTER NINE THE GENUS MOUGEOTIA C. A. AGARDH 1824 Plants belonging to this genus were figured and described as early as 1803 by Vaucher in his Histoire des Conferees. Agardh, however, was the first to classify these plants in a way that clearly distinguished them from other "conjugates." During succeeding years of the nineteenth century there was much confusion about the nature of the group of cells now called the spore, sporangium, and the gametangia. Some authors interpreted the group of cells as the spore; others thought the gametangia and conjugating tube constituted a "carpogonium." When the gametangia became divided by the sporangium walls, the ends of the gametangia were looked upon as "sterile cells," since they are not empty but contain "cytoplasmic residues." Hence, many descriptions until those of very recent years contain the statement that the spore, or "fertile cell," is adjoined by two, three, or four "cells" instead of two, three, or four dead ends of the gametangia. Apparently, because of the "residues," many authors could not see the complete homology between these reproductive structures and those of Zygnema. Because of the emphasis placed on the reproductive structures, the position of the "fertile cell" relative to the remnants of the gametangia became the basis of several genera which have been discarded by most authors. These generic names are only of historic interest and are listed at the end of the section. Plants of this genus are generally simple filaments of cylindric cells. Rarely one celled or two celled branches occur, particularly near the bases of filaments where the latter are anchored by coiling around a support or are attached to some substrate by rhizoids. The vegetative cells are comparatively long, five to twenty diameters, with plane end walls that are thinnest at the center. Hence when the cells of a filament separate, the free ends are usually somewhat conical. Each cell has one or two axial, flat chromatophores extending the full length of young cells but 79
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THE ZYGNEMATACEAE
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GRADUATE SCHOOL MONOGRAPHS Contribu
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INTRODUCTION The absence of a moder
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INTRODUCTION ix Illinois State Teac
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Plat€ ILLUSTRATIONS Plates Page I
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THE ZYGNEMATACEAE
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4 ZYGNEMATACEAE gametes is by means
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6 ZYGNEMATACEAE are common but are
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8 ZYGNEMATACEAE between cells, the
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10 ZYGNEMATACEAE sporiferous cells
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12 ZYGNEMATACEAE TABLE I Summary of
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14 ZYGNEMATACEAE In higher latitude
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i6 ZYGNEMATACEAE specimens with mat
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1 ZYGNEMATACEAE II. Spores usually
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20 ZYGNEMATACEAE 32. Diameter veget
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22 ZYGNEMATACEAE REPRODUCTION BY AP
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24 ZYGNEMATACEAE spores formed in t
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26 ZYGNEMATACEAE pitted; pits 5-6 /
Page 48 and 49: 28 ZYGNEMATACEAE spores are formed
Page 50 and 51: 30 ZYGNEMATACEAE spores formed in t
Page 52 and 53: 32 ZYGNEMATACEAE biculate; pits 4.5
Page 54 and 55: 34 ZYGNEMATACEAE United States: Ill
Page 56 and 57: 36 ZYGNEMATACEAE zygospores globose
Page 58 and 59: 38 ZYGNEMATACEAE spores formed in o
Page 60 and 61: 40 ZYGNEMATACEAE spores in one of t
Page 62 and 63: 42 ZYGNEMATACEAE an outer pectic la
Page 64 and 65: 44 ZYGNEMATACEAE irregular in form
Page 66 and 67: 46 ZYGNEMATACEAE cylindncum Transea
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER THREE THE GENUS ZYGNEMOPSIS
Page 71 and 72: ZYGNEMOPSIS 51 6. Median spore wall
Page 73 and 74: ZYGNEMOPSIS 53 22-25 jLi X 25-30 /"
Page 75 and 76: ZYGNEMOPSIS 55 12. Zygnemopsis sple
Page 77 and 78: ZYGNEMOPSIS 57 23-50 Ai, with a mor
Page 79: quadrata Jao 1935 ZYGNEMOPSIS 59 si
Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER FIVE THE GENUS ZYGOGONIUM K
Page 85 and 86: ZYGOGONIUM 65 3. Zygospores 15-26/U
Page 87 and 88: ZYGOGONIUM 67 ospores ellipsoid to
Page 89: ZYGOGONIUM 69 14. Zygogonium stephe
Page 93 and 94: CHAPTER SEVEN THE GENUS MOUGEOTIOPS
Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER RIGHT THE GENUS DEBARYA WIT
Page 97: DEBARYA 77 3. Debarya ackleyana Tra
Page 101 and 102: MOUGEOTIA 8i not be cited as proof
Page 103 and 104: 7. Spores globose to ovoid, variabl
Page 105 and 106: MOUGEOTIA 85 30. Spores ovoid 40-54
Page 107 and 108: MOUGEOTIA 87 52. Zygosporangia regu
Page 109 and 110: MOUGEOTIA 89 74. Spore wall smooth
Page 111 and 112: MOUGEOTIA 91 6. MouGEOTiA ELLiPsoiD
Page 113 and 114: MOUGEOTIA 93 tending somewhat into
Page 115 and 116: MOUGEOTIA 95 conjugation scalarifor
Page 117 and 118: MOUGEOTIA 97 pyrenoids; gametangia
Page 119 and 120: MOUGEOTIA 99 ous scattered pyrenoid
Page 121 and 122: MOUGEOTIA loi cylindric, with conca
Page 123 and 124: MOUGEOTIA 103 56. MouGEOTiA ATUBULO
Page 125 and 126: MOUGEOTIA 105 aplanospores occupyin
Page 127 and 128: MOUGEOTIA 107 with hornlike process
Page 129 and 130: MOUGEOTIA 109 77. MouGEOTiA viRiDis
Page 131 and 132: MOUGEOTIA III 85. MouGEOTiA QUADRAN
Page 133 and 134: MOUGEOTIA 113 94. MouGEOTiA MAYORi
Page 135 and 136: MOUGEOTIA 115 craterophora Bohlin 1
Page 137 and 138: CHAPTER TEN THE GENUS TEMNOGAMETUM
Page 139: CHAPTER ELEVEN THE GENUS SIROCLADIU
Page 143 and 144: CHAPTER THIRTEEN THE GENUS SPIROGYR
Page 145 and 146: SPIROGYRA 125 in thickness, and eac
Page 147 and 148: SPIROGYRA 127 may be widened and ne
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SPIROGYRA 129 Of the 2 species with
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SPIROGYRA 131 II. Most of the spore
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31. Diameter vegetative cells more
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SPIROGYRA 135 END WALLS PLANE (one-
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66. Spores 34-48 i". x 48-54^1 93-
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82. Median spore wall double, outer
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loi. Fertile cells cylindric, chrom
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115. Diameter vegetative cells 130-
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SPIROGYRA 145 133. Reproducing by a
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SPIROGYRA 147 157. Median spore wal
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SPIROGYRA 149 178. Chromatophores i
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SPIROGYRA 151 3. Spirogyra juercens
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SPIROGYRA 153 China, Szechwan. The
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SPIROGYRA 155 matophore; conjugatio
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SPIROGYRA 157 23. Spirogyra affinis
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SPIROGYRA 159 cells to globose, 28-
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SPIROGYRA i6i qucntly misapplied th
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SPIROGYRA 163 scalariform; tubes fo
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SPIROGYRA 165 ellipsoid, ^P-^^i^ x
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Germany; Latvia; Yugoslavia; Finlan
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Coll.). SPIROGYRA 169 Dutch New Gui
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SPIROGYRA 171 formed by both gameta
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SPIROGYRA 173 This imperfectly desc
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SPIROGYRA 175 Vegetative cells 35-4
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SPIROGYRA 177 loi. Spirogyra polyta
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SPIROGYRA 179 formed by both gameta
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SPIROGYRA i8i is thin, brownish and
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SPIROGYRA 183 PI. 8, Figs. 87-88. A
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SPIROGYRA 185 United States: Widely
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SPIROGYRA 187 65-83 /x X 75-1 00 /x
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SPIROGYRA 189 150. Spirogyra reinha
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SPIROGYRA 191 cylindric or slightly
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SPIROGYRA 193 by both gametangia; f
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SPIROGYRA 195 although the tubes be
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wall. United States: Texas, Karnac,
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SPIROGYRA 199 found the earlier sta
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SPIROGYRA 201 matophore, making 3 t
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SPIROGYRA 203 199. Spirogyra unduli
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SPIROGYRA 205 United States: Iowa;
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SPIROGYRA 207 spores ellipsoid, 20-
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SPIROGYRA 209 iform; tubes formed b
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SPIROGYRA 211 tubes formed by both
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SPIROGYRA 213 forma gracilior). Czu
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SPIROGYRA 215 244. Spirogyra gratia
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SPIROGYRA 217 252. Spirogyra incons
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SPIROGYRA 219 iform; tubes formed b
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SPIROGYRA 221 zygospores ellipsoid
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SPIROGYRA 223 274. Spirogyra verruc
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SPIROGYRA 225 elliptica Jao 1935 83
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SPIROGYRA 227 mirabilis (Hassall) K
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SPIROGYRA 229 siibsalina Cedercreut
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232 ZYGNEMATACEAE Usually the matur
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234 ZYGNEMATACEAE cncd and rcilexcd
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236 ZYGNEMATACEAE Figs. H to K. Sir
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INDEX Roman numerals refer to plate
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grossii (Spirogyra), XXX, 6; 185 Ha
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punctiformis (Spirogyra), XXXIV, 5-
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PLATES
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PLATE 1 247.
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PLATE ir 249
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PLATE III 251
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PLATE IV 253
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PLATE V 255
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PLATE VI 257
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PLATE VII 259
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PLATE VIII 261
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PLATE IX 263
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PLATE X 265 '^=S
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PLATE XI 267
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PLATE XII 269
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PLATE XIII 271
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PLATE XIV 273
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PLATE XV 275
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PLATE XVI 277
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PLATE XVII 279
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PLATE XVIII 281
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PLATE XIX 283
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PLATE XX 285
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PLATE XXI 287
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PLATE XXII 289
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PLATE XXIII 291
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PLATE XXIV 293
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PLATE XXV 295
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PLATE XXVI 297
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PLATE XXVII 299
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PLATE XXVIII 301
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PLATE XXIX 303
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PLATE XXX 305
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PLATE XXXI 307
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PLATE XXXII 309
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PLATE XXXIII 311
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PLATE XXXIV 313
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PLATE XXXV 315
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PLATE XXXVI 317
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PLATE XXXVII 319
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PLATE XXXVIII 321
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PLATE XXXIX 323
Page 345 and 346:
PLATE XL 325
Page 347:
PLATE XLI 327
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