Devouring profit - International Coffee Organization

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102 tural products are coffee, bananas, sugar and cardamom. Other important crops are rubber, cotton and maize, the last of which is the staple food in Guatemala. Beans and wheat are other key crops followed by livestock. Over recent years coffee has often been first in importance in Guatemalan agricultural exports and makes up about 30% of the total exports, whilst representing only 13% of the agricultural area (Calvo, 1998). Coffee production in Guatemala has been increasing despite the relatively constant area under production (Figure 23) and currently the country has about 262,500 ha 36 planted to coffee. Production has been increasing over the last 5 to 6 years. Between Hectares Planted Quintals/ha Figure 23. Area planted in Coffee. Guatemala, 1985/86 – 1997/9837 . 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 50,000 0 85/86 87/88 89/90 91/92 93/94 Coffee Year 95/96 97/98 85/86 87/88 89/90 91/92 Coffee year 93/94 95/96 97/98 Figure 24. Coffee productivity in Guatemala, from 1985/86 - 1997/98. 36 Dr. Francisco Anzueto. Research Manager, Anacafé. Guatemala, 2000 37 Source: Anacafé, Guatemala
1985 and 1992 the national coffee production remained fairly constant at 4 million quintals of green coffee but from that time there has been an increase to above 5 million quintals. The 1996/97 harvest was the highest ever, at about 6 million quintals. However the 1998/99 harvest dropped by 15% from 1997/98 harvest, due to severe drought. The main reason for the increase is that the productivity per area has risen. Figure 24 shows that for 1985/86 productivity was 17.3 qq/ha and it rose to 22.3 qq/ha by 1996/ 97, which is roughly double that of Mexico. With respect to the main difficulties that coffee is facing in this country, the technical staff 38 of Anacafé mentioned: low international coffee prices, lack of profitability, lack of credit, high financial costs, high input costs, high cost and lack of rural labour. Pest and disease problems include CBB and Mycena citricolor, a leaf fungal disease stimulated by humid tropical storms from the Caribbean. Anacafé 39 provides services in seven main regions where coffee is grown. Table 39 shows these regions and the main cities in each of them. The first 4 regions are in the Central-Pacific basin while V and VI are near the tropical regions of Chiapas (in Mexico) and El Petén in Guatemala. Region VII is near the border with Honduras. Table 39. Coffee regions in Guatemala (Anacafé classification). Region Department Main City I Quetzaltenango Coatepeque II Suchitepequez Mazatenango III Guatemala Guatemala IV Santa Rosa Cuilaya V Huehuetenango Huehuetenango VI Alta Verapaz Cobán VII Zacapa Gualán 38 Francisco Anzueto, Armando Garcia & Arturo Villeda 39 National Coffee Association of Guatemala Mexico Mexico is an industrialising nation and this is seen by the perhaps surprising fact that only 3.7% of exports are agricultural products and 25% of maize and 48% of wheat is imported (Mastretta, 2000). The leading agricultural exported products are coffee, cotton, sugar, fresh vegetables and fruits. 103
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Devouring Profit the socio-economic
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Markets can be efficient, but nobod
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4 6 9 11 19 31 42 51 64 72 78 84 96
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Gleaning, the term for cultural con
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10 Some of the recommendations of t
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Colombia: “Authorities from the p
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are not used to making measurements
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Advantages of Bb: environmentally s
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I believe that a man who has spent
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2.1 India In India two main regions
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2.2 Ecuador An RRA was carried out
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case reduction for quality is small
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nity are not paying enough attentio
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Table 12. Main problems in coffee p
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“Agricultural production has evol
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Picking of the infested berries and
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Table 15. Harvesting periods of som
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which is in fact the cheapest compo
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enefit seen as a consequence of the
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But we have to consider also that t
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CBB is a complex pest because it ca
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4.2 Estimation of a loss function f
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During the field visits many farmer
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4.4 Cost structure for CBB manageme
Page 52 and 53: 52 The previous chapter dealt with
Page 54 and 55: 54 On average the share of CBB mana
Page 56 and 57: 56 5.3 Economics of CBB in Guatemal
Page 58 and 59: 58 5.4 Economics of CBB in Mexico U
Page 60 and 61: 60 For the same percentage of CBB t
Page 62 and 63: 62 Because of these factors it can
Page 64 and 65: 64 Pest control needs to be viewed
Page 66 and 67: 66 Because of inadequate training,
Page 68 and 69: 68 6.5 Rural wages Since CBB contro
Page 70 and 71: 70 many other coffee countries. The
Page 72 and 73: 72 Quality of the product, quality
Page 74 and 75: 74 face of world coffee and to form
Page 76 and 77: 76 A more complete socio-economic
Page 79 and 80: ANECAFÉ. 1999. Proyecto manejo int
Page 81 and 82: GARCÍA, A. 1998. Diagnóstico Inic
Page 83: UPTON, M. 1996. The Economics of Tr
Page 86 and 87: 86 Table 31. Area and share of the
Page 88 and 89: 88 Ecuadorian coffee growers Main c
Page 90 and 91: 90 Colombia or Honduras for instanc
Page 92 and 93: 92 As can be observed, 60% of farme
Page 94 and 95: 94 Analysing Figure 20, we see that
Page 97 and 98: This appendix reviews the economic
Page 99 and 100: export about 20,000 tonnes (somethi
Page 101: national economy of Honduras. Betwe
Page 105 and 106: estimated at 6%. Colombia’s princ
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Devouring profit - International Coffee Organization

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