phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials ...

2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARSUPIALS 161
Monodelphis emiliae: Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez
(MUSM 13298 [RSV 2083]).
Monodelphis peruvianus (5 M. ‘‘adusta’’ of previous
reports; see Solari, 2007): Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez
(AMNH 272695 [RSV 2086]).
Monodelphis theresa: Brazil, São Paulo, Ilha de
Sebastião, Parque Estadual Ilhabela (MVZ
182776 [MAM 160]).
Philander frenatus: Brazil, São Paulo, Fazenda
Intervales, Capão Bonito (MVZ 182066 [MAM
41], 182067 [MAM 64]).
Philander mcilhennyi: Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez
(AMNH 272818 [RSV 2310], MUSM 13299 [RSV
2153]).
Philander opossum: Surinam, Para, Zanderij (CM
68365 [TK 17015]); Surinam, Suriname, Plantation
Clevia, 8 km NE Paramaribo (CM 76743 [TK
17524]).
Thylamys macrurus: Paraguay, Concepción, 7 km NE
Concepción (MSB 70700 [NK 27536).
Thylamys pallidior: Bolivia, Tarija, roadside above
Cieneguillas (FMNH 162495 [NBH 76-97]).
Thylamys pusillus: Bolivia, Tarija, Estancia Bolívar
(MSB 67016 [NK 25139]).
Thylamys venustus: Bolivia, Tarija, Chuquiaca
(FMNH 162505 [BDP 3345]); Bolivia, Tarija, ca.
10 km by road W Narváez (FMNH 162507 [BDP
3309]).
Tlacuatzin canescens: Mexico, Jalisco, 6 km SE
Chamela (TTU 37700 [TK 11826]); Mexico,
Michoacan, 1 km E Playa Azul (UMSNH 2993
[TK 45085]).
Microbiotheriidae
Dromiciops gliroides: Argentina, Neuquen, near Estancia
Paso Coihue (MVZ 184914 [JLP 16545]).
Peramelidae
Echymipera kalubu: Papua New Guinea, Western
Highlands, Trauna Valley (MVZ 138476 [FC 868]).
Perameles gunni: Australia, Tasmania, Ridgley (SAM,
unvouchered [ABTC 66105]).
APPENDIX 3
Nonmolecular Character Descriptions
EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY
Character 1: Pars supralabialis of rhinarium broad (0);
or reduced to a narrow philtrum (1). See text for a
discussion of this character and its taxonomic
distribution.
Character 2: Rhinarium with two ventrolateral grooves
flanking the median sulcus (0); or with a single
ventrolateral groove on each side (1). Information
about the distribution of these traits among
didelphid terminal taxa was summarized by Voss
and Jansa (2003: character 1). See text for
comments about traits expressed by outgroup taxa.
This character was scored as inapplicable (‘‘-’’) for
taxa with a very narrow pars supralabialis (see
above).
Character 3: Reciprocating lateral fleshy outgrowths of
upper and lower oral margins absent (0); or present
(1). See text for a discussion of this character and
its taxonomic distribution.
Character 4: Interramal vibrissae present (0); or absent
(1). See text for a discussion of this character and
its taxonomic distribution.
Character 5: Dark midrostral stripe absent (0); or
present (1). Scoring criteria and information about
the distribution of these traits among didelphid
terminal taxa were provided by Voss and Jansa
(2003: character 2). See text for comments about
traits expressed by outgroup taxa.
Character 6: Fur surrounding eye not distinctively
colored (0); or eye surrounded by mask of dark fur
(1). Scoring criteria and information about the
distribution of these traits among didelphid terminal
taxa were provided by Voss and Jansa (2003:
character 3). See text for comments about traits
expressed by outgroup taxa.
Character 7: Circumocular mask contrasts with coloration
of cheeks and crown (0); or dark fur around
eye continuous with dark coronal fur (1). This
character was modified from Voss and Jansa’s
(2003) character 4 by eliminating an intermediate
condition for polymorphism, which was recoded as
0/1 for this analysis. See text for comments about
traits expressed by outgroup taxa.
Character 8: Conspicuous pale spot above each eye
absent (0); or present (1). Scoring criteria and
information about the distribution of these traits
among didelphid terminal taxa were provided by
Voss and Jansa (2003: character 5). See text for
comments about traits expressed by outgroup taxa.
Character 9: Gular gland absent (0); or present (1).
Scoring criteria and information about the distribution
of these traits among didelphid terminal
taxa were provided by Voss and Jansa (2003:
character 6). See text for comments about traits
expressed by outgroup taxa.
Character 10: Dorsal body pelage more or less
uniformly colored, unpatterned (0); or marked by
dark transverse bars connected middorsally (1); or
marked by paired scapular stripes (2); or marked by
one median and two lateral stripes (3); or grayish
middorsum contrasting with reddish or yellowish
flanks (4); or grayish midbody (including flanks)
contrasting with reddish head and rump (5); or
‘‘tricolored’’ (6); or with transverse sacral bars (7).
Scoring criteria and information about the distribution
of states 0–6 among didelphid terminal taxa
were provided by Voss and Jansa (2003: character
7). See text for comments about traits expressed by
outgroup taxa. In the absence of any compelling
evidence for intermediacy among these alternative
conditions, this character was treated as unordered
in all of our analyses.
Character 11: Dorsal underfur dark (0); or white (1).
Scoring criteria and information about the distribution
of these traits among didelphid terminal
taxa were provided by Voss and Jansa (2003:
character 8). See text for comments about traits
expressed by outgroup taxa.
Character 12: Dorsal pelage hairs not grossly dissimilar
in length or coarseness (0); or dorsal pelage with
guard hairs conspicuously longer and coarser than
underfur (1); or dorsal pelage with stiff, dorsally